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Update GLQuotes and AT's in 1 Peter (#1876) 

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Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1876
Co-Authored-By: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -2,53 +2,53 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE front intro c1uv 0 # Introduction to 1 Peter<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of 1 Peter<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Praise for God’s salvation of the believers (1:3-2:10)<br>1. Christian living (2:11-4:11)<br>1. Encouragement to persevere when suffering (4:12-5:11)<br>1. Closing (5:12-14)<br><br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 1 Peter?<br><br>The Book of 1 Peter was written by the Apostle Peter. He wrote the letter to Gentile Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor.<br><br>### What is the Book of 1 Peter about?<br><br>Peter stated that he wrote this letter for the purpose of “encouraging you and testifying that this is the true grace of God” (5:12).<br>He encouraged Christians to continue obeying God even when they are suffering. He told them to do this because Jesus will return soon. Peter also gave instructions about Christians submitting to persons in authority.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title “1 Peter” or “First Peter.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The First Letter from Peter” or “The First Letter Peter Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How were Christians treated in Rome?<br><br>Peter probably was in Rome when he wrote this letter. He gave Rome the symbolic name of “Babylon” (5:13). It appears that when Peter wrote this letter, Romans were badly persecuting Christians.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Peter, except for two places: [1 Peter 1:16](../01/16.md) and [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md). The word “you” is always plural and refers to Peter’s audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter?<br><br>* “You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth. This was for the purpose of sincere brotherly love; so love one another earnestly from the heart” (1:22). The ULT, UST, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, “You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart.”<br><br>If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1PE 1 intro ql4i 0 # 1 Peter 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 1:24-25.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### What God reveals<br><br>When Jesus comes again, everyone will see how good God’s people were to have faith in Jesus. Then God’s people will see how gracious God has been to them, and all people will praise both God and his people.<br><br>### Holiness<br><br>God wants his people to be holy because God is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Eternity<br><br>Peter tells Christians to live for things that will last forever and not to live for the things of this world, which will end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Peter writes that his readers are glad and sad at the same time ([1 Peter 1:6](./06.md)). He can say this because they are sad because they are suffering, but they are glad because they know that God will save them “in the last time” ([1 Peter 1:5](./05.md))
1PE 1 1 g6b4 0 General Information: Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing.
1PE 1 1 u3zc figs-metaphor παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς 1 the foreigners of the dispersion Peter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 1 qkl8 Καππαδοκίας…Βιθυνίας 1 Cappadocia…Bithynia Along with the other places that Peter mentions, “Cappadocia” and “Bithynia” were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey.
1PE 1 1 cf7b ἐκλεκτοῖς 1 the chosen ones “the ones whom God the Father has chosen.” God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge.
1PE 1 2 a3gd κατὰ πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father “according to his own foreknowledge”
1PE 1 2 ba1h figs-abstractnouns πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 the foreknowledge of God the Father The abstract noun “foreknowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are (1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or (2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 2 i9kf figs-metonymy ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ Here “the blood” refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 2 z7df figs-abstractnouns χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace be to you, and may your peace increase This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 1 u3zc figs-metaphor ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς 1 to the elect foreigners of the dispersion Peter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 1 qkl8 Καππαδοκίας…Βιθυνίας 1 Cappadocia…Bithynia Along with the other places that Peter mentions, **Cappadocia** and **Bithynia** were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey.
1PE 1 1 cf7b ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις 1 to the elect foreigners “to the chosen foreigners” or “the ones whom God the Father has chosen.” God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge.
1PE 1 2 ba1h figs-abstractnouns πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 the foreknowledge of God the Father The abstract noun **foreknowledge** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are (1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or (2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 2 i9kf figs-metonymy ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ Here the **blood** refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 2 z7df figs-abstractnouns χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace be to you, and may your peace increase This passage speaks of **grace** as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of **peace** as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 3 y6aq 0 General Information: Peter begins to talk about the believers’ salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them.
1PE 1 3 cyf6 figs-exclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 our Lord Jesus Christ…has given us new birth The words “our” and “us” refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1PE 1 3 cyf6 figs-exclusive ἡμῶν…ἡμᾶς 1 our…us The words **our** and **us** refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1PE 1 3 c92y ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 he has given us new birth “he has caused us to be born again”
1PE 1 4 b2zy figs-abstractnouns εἰς κληρονομίαν 1 This is for an inheritance You can translate this using a verb. Alternate translation: “We confidently expect to receive an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 4 cy1g figs-metaphor κληρονομίαν 1 inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 4 vr9s figs-metaphor ἄφθαρτον, καὶ ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον 1 will not perish, will not become stained, and will not fade away Peter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 4 z6w4 figs-activepassive τετηρημένην ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 It is reserved in heaven for you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is reserving it in heaven for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 5 r4es figs-activepassive τοὺς ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ φρουρουμένους 1 You are protected by God’s power This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is protecting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 5 fw3p figs-abstractnouns ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ 1 by God’s power Here “power” is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 5 a4ab figs-abstractnouns διὰ πίστεως 1 through faith Here “faith” refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. Alternate translation: “because of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 4 b2zy figs-abstractnouns εἰς κληρονομίαν ἄφθαρτον, καὶ ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον 1 for an imperishable and undefiled and unfading inheritance You can translate **inheritance** using a verb. Alternate translation: “which we confidently expect to receive as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 4 cy1g figs-metaphor κληρονομίαν 1 an…inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 4 vr9s figs-metaphor ἄφθαρτον, καὶ ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον 1 imperishable and undefiled and unfading Peter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 4 z6w4 figs-activepassive τετηρημένην ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 reserved in heaven for you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which God is reserving in heaven for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 5 r4es figs-activepassive τοὺς ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ φρουρουμένους 1 who are protected by the power of God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and God is protecting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 5 fw3p figs-abstractnouns ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ 1 by the power of God Here **power** is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 5 a4ab figs-abstractnouns διὰ πίστεως 1 through faith Here **faith** refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. Alternate translation: “because of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 5 g4rb figs-activepassive ἑτοίμην ἀποκαλυφθῆναι 1 that is ready to be revealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God is ready to reveal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 6 hy8d ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε 1 You are very glad about this The word “this” refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses.
1PE 1 7 vvp1 figs-metaphor ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 This is for the proving of your faith In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 7 ct3n τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 the proving of your faith God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
1PE 1 7 u63m τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς…δοκιμαζομένου 1 faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fire Faith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire.
1PE 1 7 a6q4 εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον, καὶ δόξαν, καὶ τιμὴν 1 your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor Possible meanings are (1) that “God will honor you very highly” because of your faith or (2) that “your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor” to God.
1PE 1 6 hy8d ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε 1 In this you greatly rejoice The word **this** refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses.
1PE 1 7 vvp1 figs-metaphor ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 so that the proof of your faith In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 7 ct3n τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 the proof of your faith God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
1PE 1 7 u63m ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς δὲ δοκιμαζομένου 1 of your faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes. But, being tested by fire **Faith** is more valuable than **gold**, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in **fire**.
1PE 1 7 a6q4 εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον, καὶ δόξαν, καὶ τιμὴν 1 it might be found to result in praise, and glory, and honor Possible meanings are (1) that “God will honor you very highly” because of your faith or (2) that “your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor” to God.
1PE 1 7 bkr9 figs-activepassive ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 at the revealing of Jesus Christ “when Jesus Christ is revealed.” This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 8 eka3 χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ 1 joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory “wonderful joy that words cannot describe”
1PE 1 9 j2qe figs-synecdoche σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν 1 the salvation of your souls Here the word “souls” refers to the whole person. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “your salvation” or “God saving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 9 hw6y σωτηρίαν 1 salvation This words presents the idea as if it were an object. In reality, “salvation” refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result.
1PE 1 10 p4p5 σωτηρίας…χάριτος 1 salvation…grace These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, “salvation” refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, “grace” refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers.
1PE 1 10 yyz4 figs-doublet ἐξεζήτησαν καὶ ἐξηραύνησαν 1 searched and inquired carefully The words “inquired carefully” mean basically the same thing as “searched.” Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. Alternate translation: “examined very carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE 1 8 eka3 χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ 1 with joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory “with wonderful joy that words cannot describe”
1PE 1 9 j2qe figs-abstractnouns σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν 1 the salvation of your souls The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “God saving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 9 hw6y σωτηρίαν 1 the salvation This words presents the idea as if it were an object. In reality, **salvation** refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result.
1PE 1 9 uk4a figs-synecdoche σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν 1 the salvation of your souls Here the word **souls** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “your salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE 1 10 p4p5 σωτηρίας…χάριτος 1 salvation…grace These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, **salvation** refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, **grace** refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers.
1PE 1 10 yyz4 figs-doublet ἐξεζήτησαν καὶ ἐξηραύνησαν 1 searched and inquired carefully The phrase **inquired carefully** means basically the same thing as “searched.” Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. Alternate translation: “examined very carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE 1 11 x5x8 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues talking about the prophets’ search for salvation.
1PE 1 11 r5jf ἐραυνῶντες 1 They searched to know “They tried to determine”
1PE 1 11 r5jf ἐραυνῶντες 1 examining “trying to determine”
1PE 1 11 w3n8 τὸ…Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 1 the Spirit of Christ This is a reference to the Holy Spirit.
1PE 1 12 x4b1 figs-activepassive οἷς ἀπεκαλύφθη 1 It was revealed to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 12 xi4d εἰς ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι 1 into which angels long to look “that angels want to understand”
1PE 1 13 bjg9 διὸ ἀναζωσάμενοι 1 So gird “Because of this, gird.” Peter uses the word “So” here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets.
1PE 1 13 u87y figs-idiom ἀναζωσάμενοι τὰς ὀσφύας τῆς διανοίας ὑμῶν 1 gird up the loins of your mind Girding up the loins refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one’s robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. Alternate translation: “get your minds ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE 1 13 i56f figs-idiom νήφοντες 1 Be sober Here the word “sober” refers to mental clarity and alertness. Alternate translation: “Control your thoughts” or “Be careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE 1 13 y771 figs-activepassive τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν 1 the grace that will be brought to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God will bring to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 13 ut69 figs-metaphor τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν 1 the grace that will be brought to you Here God’s way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 13 l45d figs-activepassive ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 when Jesus Christ is revealed This refers to when Christ returns. This can also be expressed with an active form. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 14 e4tb figs-idiom μὴ συνσχηματιζόμενοι ταῖς…ἐπιθυμίαις 1 do not conform yourselves to the desires “do not desire the same things” Alternate translation: “do not live to gratify the desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE 1 12 xi4d εἰς ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι 1 into which things angels long to look “things that angels want to understand”
1PE 1 13 bjg9 διὸ 1 So Peter uses the word **So** here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets.
1PE 1 13 u87y figs-idiom ἀναζωσάμενοι τὰς ὀσφύας τῆς διανοίας ὑμῶν 1 having girded the loins of your mind Girding up **the loins** refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one’s robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. Alternate translation: “after getting your minds ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE 1 13 i56f figs-idiom νήφοντες τελείως 1 being fully sober Here the word **sober** refers to mental clarity and alertness. Alternate translation: “controlling your thoughts” or “being careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE 1 13 y771 figs-activepassive τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν 1 the grace that is being brought to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God will bring to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 13 ut69 figs-metaphor τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν 1 the grace that is being brought to you Here God’s way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 13 l45d figs-activepassive ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the revelation of Jesus Christ This refers to when Christ returns. This can also be expressed with an active form. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 14 e4tb figs-idiom μὴ συνσχηματιζόμενοι ταῖς πρότερον…ἐπιθυμίαις 1 not being conformed to your former desires “not desiring the same things as before” Alternate translation: “not living to gratify the desires you used to have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE 1 16 m1q7 figs-activepassive διότι γέγραπται 1 For it is written This refers to God’s message in the scripture. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For as God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 16 s8kz ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος 1 Be holy, because I am holy Here the word “I” refers to God.
1PE 1 17 s6gv figs-metaphor τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον ἀναστράφητε 1 go through the time of your journey Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. Alternate translation: “use the time you are living away from your true home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 16 s8kz ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος 1 You will be holy, because I am holy Here the word **I** refers to God.
1PE 1 17 s6gv figs-metaphor ἐν φόβῳ τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον ἀναστράφητε 1 conduct yourselves in fear during the time of your journey Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. Alternate translation: “be careful how you use the time you are living away from your true home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 18 q4pc figs-activepassive ἐλυτρώθητε 1 you have been redeemed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has redeemed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 19 s4jd figs-metonymy τιμίῳ αἵματι…Χριστοῦ 1 the precious blood of Christ Here “blood” stands for Christ’s death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE 1 19 gk6a figs-simile ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου 1 like a lamb without blemish or spot Jesus died as a sacrifice so that God would forgive people’s sins. Alternate translation: “like the lambs without blemish or spot that the Jewish priests sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE 1 19 s4jd figs-metonymy τιμίῳ αἵματι…Χριστοῦ 1 with the precious blood of Christ Here **blood** stands for Christ’s death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE 1 19 gk6a figs-simile ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου 1 as an unblemished and spotless lamb Jesus died as a sacrifice so that God would forgive people’s sins. Alternate translation: “like the lambs without blemish or spot that the Jewish priests sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE 1 19 smu8 figs-doublet ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου 1 without blemish or spot Peter expresses the same idea in two different ways to emphasize Christ’s purity. Alternate translation: “with no imperfections” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE 1 20 msw5 figs-activepassive προεγνωσμένου 1 Christ was chosen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 20 ky7a figs-abstractnouns πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου 1 before the foundation of the world You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “before God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -275,4 +275,4 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 5 13 muq7 writing-symlanguage ἡ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι 1 The woman who is in Babylon Here “The woman” probably refers to the group of believers who live in “Babylon.” Possible meanings for “Babylon” are (1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, (2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or (3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1PE 5 13 rpf5 figs-activepassive συνεκλεκτὴ 1 who is chosen together with you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has chosen as he has chosen you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 5 13 ws2x figs-metaphor ὁ υἱός μου 1 my son Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual son. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son” or “who is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 5 14 fc7b φιλήματι ἀγάπης 1 a kiss of love “a loving kiss” or “a kiss to show your love for each other”
1PE 5 14 fc7b φιλήματι ἀγάπης 1 a kiss of love “a loving kiss” or “a kiss to show your love for each other”
1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2 1PE front intro c1uv 0 # Introduction to 1 Peter<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of 1 Peter<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Praise for God’s salvation of the believers (1:3-2:10)<br>1. Christian living (2:11-4:11)<br>1. Encouragement to persevere when suffering (4:12-5:11)<br>1. Closing (5:12-14)<br><br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 1 Peter?<br><br>The Book of 1 Peter was written by the Apostle Peter. He wrote the letter to Gentile Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor.<br><br>### What is the Book of 1 Peter about?<br><br>Peter stated that he wrote this letter for the purpose of “encouraging you and testifying that this is the true grace of God” (5:12).<br>He encouraged Christians to continue obeying God even when they are suffering. He told them to do this because Jesus will return soon. Peter also gave instructions about Christians submitting to persons in authority.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title “1 Peter” or “First Peter.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The First Letter from Peter” or “The First Letter Peter Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How were Christians treated in Rome?<br><br>Peter probably was in Rome when he wrote this letter. He gave Rome the symbolic name of “Babylon” (5:13). It appears that when Peter wrote this letter, Romans were badly persecuting Christians.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Peter, except for two places: [1 Peter 1:16](../01/16.md) and [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md). The word “you” is always plural and refers to Peter’s audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter?<br><br>* “You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth. This was for the purpose of sincere brotherly love; so love one another earnestly from the heart” (1:22). The ULT, UST, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, “You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart.”<br><br>If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
3 1PE 1 intro ql4i 0 # 1 Peter 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 1:24-25.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### What God reveals<br><br>When Jesus comes again, everyone will see how good God’s people were to have faith in Jesus. Then God’s people will see how gracious God has been to them, and all people will praise both God and his people.<br><br>### Holiness<br><br>God wants his people to be holy because God is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Eternity<br><br>Peter tells Christians to live for things that will last forever and not to live for the things of this world, which will end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Peter writes that his readers are glad and sad at the same time ([1 Peter 1:6](./06.md)). He can say this because they are sad because they are suffering, but they are glad because they know that God will save them “in the last time” ([1 Peter 1:5](./05.md))
4 1PE 1 1 g6b4 0 General Information: Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing.
5 1PE 1 1 u3zc figs-metaphor παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς 1 the foreigners of the dispersion to the elect foreigners of the dispersion Peter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6 1PE 1 1 qkl8 Καππαδοκίας…Βιθυνίας 1 Cappadocia…Bithynia Along with the other places that Peter mentions, “Cappadocia” and “Bithynia” were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey. Along with the other places that Peter mentions, **Cappadocia** and **Bithynia** were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey.
7 1PE 1 1 cf7b ἐκλεκτοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις 1 the chosen ones to the elect foreigners “the ones whom God the Father has chosen.” God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge. “to the chosen foreigners” or “the ones whom God the Father has chosen.” God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge.
8 1PE 1 2 a3gd ba1h figs-abstractnouns κατὰ πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father the foreknowledge of God the Father “according to his own foreknowledge” The abstract noun **foreknowledge** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are (1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or (2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9 1PE 1 2 ba1h i9kf figs-abstractnouns figs-metonymy πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the foreknowledge of God the Father for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ The abstract noun “foreknowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are (1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or (2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here the **blood** refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10 1PE 1 2 i9kf z7df figs-metonymy figs-abstractnouns ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ May grace be to you, and may your peace increase Here “the blood” refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This passage speaks of **grace** as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of **peace** as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 2 z7df figs-abstractnouns χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace be to you, and may your peace increase This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
11 1PE 1 3 y6aq 0 General Information: Peter begins to talk about the believers’ salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them.
12 1PE 1 3 cyf6 figs-exclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς ἡμῶν…ἡμᾶς 1 our Lord Jesus Christ…has given us new birth our…us The words “our” and “us” refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) The words **our** and **us** refer to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
13 1PE 1 3 c92y ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 he has given us new birth “he has caused us to be born again”
14 1PE 1 4 b2zy figs-abstractnouns εἰς κληρονομίαν εἰς κληρονομίαν ἄφθαρτον, καὶ ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον 1 This is for an inheritance for an imperishable and undefiled and unfading inheritance You can translate this using a verb. Alternate translation: “We confidently expect to receive an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) You can translate **inheritance** using a verb. Alternate translation: “which we confidently expect to receive as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15 1PE 1 4 cy1g figs-metaphor κληρονομίαν 1 inheritance an…inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16 1PE 1 4 vr9s figs-metaphor ἄφθαρτον, καὶ ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον 1 will not perish, will not become stained, and will not fade away imperishable and undefiled and unfading Peter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17 1PE 1 4 z6w4 figs-activepassive τετηρημένην ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 It is reserved in heaven for you reserved in heaven for you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is reserving it in heaven for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which God is reserving in heaven for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18 1PE 1 5 r4es figs-activepassive τοὺς ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ φρουρουμένους 1 You are protected by God’s power who are protected by the power of God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is protecting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and God is protecting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19 1PE 1 5 fw3p figs-abstractnouns ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ 1 by God’s power by the power of God Here “power” is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here **power** is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
20 1PE 1 5 a4ab figs-abstractnouns διὰ πίστεως 1 through faith Here “faith” refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. Alternate translation: “because of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here **faith** refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. Alternate translation: “because of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21 1PE 1 5 g4rb figs-activepassive ἑτοίμην ἀποκαλυφθῆναι 1 that is ready to be revealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God is ready to reveal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22 1PE 1 6 hy8d ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε 1 You are very glad about this In this you greatly rejoice The word “this” refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses. The word **this** refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses.
23 1PE 1 7 vvp1 figs-metaphor ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 This is for the proving of your faith so that the proof of your faith In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24 1PE 1 7 ct3n τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 the proving of your faith the proof of your faith God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
25 1PE 1 7 u63m τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς…δοκιμαζομένου ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς δὲ δοκιμαζομένου 1 faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fire of your faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes. But, being tested by fire Faith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire. **Faith** is more valuable than **gold**, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in **fire**.
26 1PE 1 7 a6q4 εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον, καὶ δόξαν, καὶ τιμὴν 1 your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor it might be found to result in praise, and glory, and honor Possible meanings are (1) that “God will honor you very highly” because of your faith or (2) that “your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor” to God.
27 1PE 1 7 bkr9 figs-activepassive ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 at the revealing of Jesus Christ “when Jesus Christ is revealed.” This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28 1PE 1 8 eka3 χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ 1 joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory with joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory “wonderful joy that words cannot describe” “with wonderful joy that words cannot describe”
29 1PE 1 9 j2qe figs-synecdoche figs-abstractnouns σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν 1 the salvation of your souls Here the word “souls” refers to the whole person. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “your salvation” or “God saving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “God saving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
30 1PE 1 9 hw6y σωτηρίαν 1 salvation the salvation This words presents the idea as if it were an object. In reality, “salvation” refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. This words presents the idea as if it were an object. In reality, **salvation** refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result.
31 1PE 1 10 9 p4p5 uk4a figs-synecdoche σωτηρίας…χάριτος σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν 1 salvation…grace the salvation of your souls These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, “salvation” refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, “grace” refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers. Here the word **souls** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “your salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
32 1PE 1 10 yyz4 p4p5 figs-doublet ἐξεζήτησαν καὶ ἐξηραύνησαν σωτηρίας…χάριτος 1 searched and inquired carefully salvation…grace The words “inquired carefully” mean basically the same thing as “searched.” Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. Alternate translation: “examined very carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, **salvation** refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, **grace** refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers.
33 1PE 1 10 yyz4 figs-doublet ἐξεζήτησαν καὶ ἐξηραύνησαν 1 searched and inquired carefully The phrase **inquired carefully** means basically the same thing as “searched.” Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. Alternate translation: “examined very carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
34 1PE 1 11 x5x8 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues talking about the prophets’ search for salvation.
35 1PE 1 11 r5jf ἐραυνῶντες 1 They searched to know examining “They tried to determine” “trying to determine”
36 1PE 1 11 w3n8 τὸ…Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 1 the Spirit of Christ This is a reference to the Holy Spirit.
37 1PE 1 12 x4b1 figs-activepassive οἷς ἀπεκαλύφθη 1 It was revealed to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
38 1PE 1 12 xi4d εἰς ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι 1 into which angels long to look into which things angels long to look “that angels want to understand” “things that angels want to understand”
39 1PE 1 13 bjg9 διὸ ἀναζωσάμενοι διὸ 1 So gird So “Because of this, gird.” Peter uses the word “So” here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets. Peter uses the word **So** here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets.
40 1PE 1 13 u87y figs-idiom ἀναζωσάμενοι τὰς ὀσφύας τῆς διανοίας ὑμῶν 1 gird up the loins of your mind having girded the loins of your mind Girding up the loins refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one’s robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. Alternate translation: “get your minds ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Girding up **the loins** refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one’s robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. Alternate translation: “after getting your minds ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
41 1PE 1 13 i56f figs-idiom νήφοντες νήφοντες τελείως 1 Be sober being fully sober Here the word “sober” refers to mental clarity and alertness. Alternate translation: “Control your thoughts” or “Be careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Here the word **sober** refers to mental clarity and alertness. Alternate translation: “controlling your thoughts” or “being careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
42 1PE 1 13 y771 figs-activepassive τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν 1 the grace that will be brought to you the grace that is being brought to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God will bring to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
43 1PE 1 13 ut69 figs-metaphor τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν 1 the grace that will be brought to you the grace that is being brought to you Here God’s way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44 1PE 1 13 l45d figs-activepassive ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 when Jesus Christ is revealed in the revelation of Jesus Christ This refers to when Christ returns. This can also be expressed with an active form. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
45 1PE 1 14 e4tb figs-idiom μὴ συνσχηματιζόμενοι ταῖς…ἐπιθυμίαις μὴ συνσχηματιζόμενοι ταῖς πρότερον…ἐπιθυμίαις 1 do not conform yourselves to the desires not being conformed to your former desires “do not desire the same things” Alternate translation: “do not live to gratify the desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) “not desiring the same things as before” Alternate translation: “not living to gratify the desires you used to have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
46 1PE 1 16 m1q7 figs-activepassive διότι γέγραπται 1 For it is written This refers to God’s message in the scripture. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For as God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
47 1PE 1 16 s8kz ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος 1 Be holy, because I am holy You will be holy, because I am holy Here the word “I” refers to God. Here the word **I** refers to God.
48 1PE 1 17 s6gv figs-metaphor τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον ἀναστράφητε ἐν φόβῳ τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον ἀναστράφητε 1 go through the time of your journey conduct yourselves in fear during the time of your journey Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. Alternate translation: “use the time you are living away from your true home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. Alternate translation: “be careful how you use the time you are living away from your true home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49 1PE 1 18 q4pc figs-activepassive ἐλυτρώθητε 1 you have been redeemed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has redeemed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
50 1PE 1 19 s4jd figs-metonymy τιμίῳ αἵματι…Χριστοῦ 1 the precious blood of Christ with the precious blood of Christ Here “blood” stands for Christ’s death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here **blood** stands for Christ’s death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
51 1PE 1 19 gk6a figs-simile ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου 1 like a lamb without blemish or spot as an unblemished and spotless lamb Jesus died as a sacrifice so that God would forgive people’s sins. Alternate translation: “like the lambs without blemish or spot that the Jewish priests sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
52 1PE 1 19 smu8 figs-doublet ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου 1 without blemish or spot Peter expresses the same idea in two different ways to emphasize Christ’s purity. Alternate translation: “with no imperfections” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
53 1PE 1 20 msw5 figs-activepassive προεγνωσμένου 1 Christ was chosen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
54 1PE 1 20 ky7a figs-abstractnouns πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου 1 before the foundation of the world You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “before God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
275 1PE 5 13 muq7 writing-symlanguage ἡ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι 1 The woman who is in Babylon Here “The woman” probably refers to the group of believers who live in “Babylon.” Possible meanings for “Babylon” are (1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, (2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or (3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
276 1PE 5 13 rpf5 figs-activepassive συνεκλεκτὴ 1 who is chosen together with you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has chosen as he has chosen you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
277 1PE 5 13 ws2x figs-metaphor ὁ υἱός μου 1 my son Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual son. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son” or “who is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278 1PE 5 14 fc7b φιλήματι ἀγάπης 1 a kiss of love “a loving kiss” or “a kiss to show your love for each other”