diff --git a/tn_LEV.tsv b/tn_LEV.tsv index 3179adebce..474920029a 100644 --- a/tn_LEV.tsv +++ b/tn_LEV.tsv @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note -front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Leviticus\n\n1. Instructions to the Israelites about offerings (1:1–6:7)\n * Burnt offerings (1:1–17)\n * Grain offerings (2:1–16)\n * Fellowship offerings (3:1–17)\n * Offerings for unintentional sins (4:1–5:13)\n * Guilt offerings (5:14–6:7)\n2. Instructions to the priests about offerings (6:8–7:10)\n * Burnt offerings (6:8–13)\n * Grain offerings (6:14–23)\n * Sin offerings (6:24–30)\n * Guilt offerings (7:1–10)\n3. Further instructions to the Israelites (7:11–7:38)\n * Peace offerings (7:11–21)\n * Eating fat and blood forbidden (7:22–27)\n * The share for the priests (7:28–7:38)\n4. Setting apart the priests (8:1–10:20)\n * Aaron and his sons ordained (8:1–36)\n * Aaron as high priest (9:1–24)\n * Nadab and Abihu punished (10:1–20)\n5. Laws about clean and unclean things (11:1–15:33)\n * Clean and unclean food (11:1–47)\n * Women purified after giving birth to a child (12:1–8)\n * Skin, clothing, houses (13:1–14:47)\n * Bodily fluids (15:1–33)\n6. Day of Atonement; the place of the offering; the nature of blood (16:1–17:16)\n7. Setting apart for worship and service; being disqualified from service (18:1–24:23)\n8. The years of rest and release (25:1–55)\n9. Blessing for obeying and curses for not obeying (26:1–46)\n10. Gifts to God (27:1–34)\n\n### What is the book of Leviticus about?\n\nIn the book of Leviticus, God continues to give laws through Moses to the people of Israel. The people were to obey all of these laws to honor their covenant with God.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\n“Leviticus” means “about the Levites.” The Levites were the tribe of Israel that provided priests and other workers in the tabernacle. If the people in the project language do not understand the term “Levites,” you can call it “The Book about the Priests” or “The Book about the Tabernacle Workers.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Leviticus?\n\n### What is the meaning of “holy” and “holiness” in the book of Leviticus?\n\nThese terms concern separating someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use. God separated these people or things so they would belong only to him. The people were to consider the places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way as separate. The people could not use them for anything else. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone.\n\nAnyone or anything that was acceptable to God or “holy” was spoken of as if it were physically clean.\n\nIn the same way, anyone or anything that was not acceptable to God or not holy was spoken of as if it were physically unclean.\n\nSome people and some things could be made clean or “cleansed,” that is, acceptable to God. People or things were made clean if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. For example, some foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh could be made clean. However, other people and things could never be made acceptable to him.\n\nIt is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for 33 days. Then the proper animal sacrifice would be offered for her. The flow of blood made the woman unclean ([Leviticus 12:7](../../lev/12/07.md)). But Leviticus never suggests that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, God did not allow Israelites to eat many kinds of animals, as one way of setting his people apart.\n\nBecause God does not sin, the terms “holy” and “holiness” often suggest this same idea. Something belonging to God is holy. Because people must respect God, they must respect the things that belong to him.\n\n### What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?\n\nOn 17 occasions, the phrase “The Lord said to Moses” (and sometimes Aaron) is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently spoke to others. The verb “speak” is used thirty-eight times.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was the “tent of meeting”\n[TEXT]\n\n### Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?\n\nLeviticus shows that God is holy. That means God is very different from humanity and the rest of the created world. God does not sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being “cleansed.” The many kinds of sacrifices were meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people had to continue making animal sacrifices so that they would continue to be acceptable to God. This was a sign that pointed to a need for a better sacrifice. They needed a sacrifice that would cause them to be acceptable to God forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?\n\nPriests were individuals who went to God on behalf of the people. God authorized the priests to bring the Israelite’s sacrifices to himself.\n\n### How did the Israelite’s rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from rules of the other nations at that time?\n\nIt was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols. But, the other nations did other things to worship their false gods. For instance, people would sleep with prostitutes at the temple of their gods. They did this to try to persuade their gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Also, people of other nations would sometimes offer human sacrifices to their gods. The God of Israel did not allow his people to do these kinds of things.\n\n\n\n\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### “To the face of Yahweh”\nThroughout the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, "in the presence" or "sight of Yahweh" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. You can translate this expression as “from Yahweh’s perspective,” “in Yahweh's presence,” or simply as “before Yahweh.”\n\n### “Unblemished” or “perfect”\nWhen the book of Leviticus calls something **perfect** (in the ULT), it refers to a sacrificial animal that is the best representative animal of that species. As such, the word **perfect** refers to wholeness, completeness, and perfection. This is often translated with negative terms like “unblemished.” If it would be more natural in your language, consider using terms that carry these same meanings. Alternate translation: “a whole male” or “a complete male” or “a healthy male” \n\n\n\n### What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?\n\nOil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something so God could accept them. Blood was also used to cleanse and purify people and things. This is because blood represented life that needed to be shed in order for God to forgive people for sinning.\n\n### Why do many sections begin with the phrase “Yahweh said to Moses”?\n\nThis phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as “God told Moses.” -1:intro ecv8 0 # Leviticus 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\nIn Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word “And,” indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). The first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit.\n\nThis chapter is comprised of two hypothetical scenarios representing three variations of the burnt offering: an offering of either: \n\n- 1) a livestock animal ([1:2–13](../01/02.md))\n - a) a bovine ([1:3–9](../01/03.md))\n - b) a sheep or goat ([1:10–13](../01/10.md))\n- 2) a bird ([1:14–17](../01/14.md))\n\nAs such, the intial heading verse of each section begins with **If** and is followed by the prescribed steps of the sacrifice. Presumably, they are the same for each burnt offering, but more prescriptions are explicit for the first type of burnt offering, the bovine, probably because they are implied for the other two possible burnt offerings. The steps of the sacrificial process for burnt offerings is:\n\n- 1) Selecting a perfect, unblemished, and otherwise completely healthy animal ([1:3, 10, 14](../01/03.md))\n- 2) Presenting the animal at the entrance to the tent of meeting ([1:3](../01/03.md))\n- 3) Laying hands on the animal ([1:4](../01/04.md))\n- 4) Killing the animal ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 5) Presenting and sprinkling the animal's blood on the altar ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 6) Skinning the animal ([1:6](../01/06.md))\n- 7) Butchering the animal into its appropriate pieces, usually the head, fat, intestines, and legs ([1:6, 12, 16–17](../01/06.md))\n- 8) Putting fire on the altar and arranging the wood ([1:7](../01/07.md))\n- 9) Arranging the pieces, specifically the head and the fat, of the sacrifice on the burning wood of the altar ([1:8, 12](../01/08.md))\n- 10) Washing the legs and the intestines ([1:9, 13](../01/09.md))\n- 11) Burning the entire animal in a way that causes smoke to go up ([1:9, 13, 17](../01/09.md)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]\n\n### Atonement\nThe word translated **atone** in the ULT is a standard technical term expressing the act of atonement. Traditionally, it has been understood as a metaphor with the basic meaning of “covering,” but more recently, some scholars have understood it to express the image of “wiping.” If the former, then the metaphor pictures the sacrifice as covering up defiling sin with blood. If the latter, then the metaphor pictures the blood as a detergent that cleanses the person or object from the defiling presence of sin. Either way, the sacrifice is here accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that has been damaged or defiled because of sin. \n\nIn order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])\n\n\n### The importance of blood \n[TEXT]\n\n\n### Ritual or symbolic action\n[TEXT]\n\n##Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]\n\n### “To the face of Yahweh”\nThroughout this chapter, and the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, "in the presence" or "sight of Yahweh" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. You can translate this expression as “from Yahweh’s perspective,” “in Yahweh's presence,” or simply as “before Yahweh.”\n\n### “Pleasing smell to Yahweh”\n[INSERT TEXT]\n\n##Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]\n\n\n###The referent of the pronouns\nThroughout this chapter, the author of Leviticus uses a third-person pronoun to refer to both the worshipper who offers the sacrifices and to **the priest**. As such, it is often difficult (but not impossible) to infer which party performs which actions. In general, the sacrifice is offered to the priest, but the one offering the sacrifice is responsible for killing, butchering, and presenting the sacrificial animal. The only exception to this rule is the instruction for offering a bird (1:14–17), which specifies that is it the priest who brings the bird to the altar (1:14) before, presumably, completing the preparation for its being burned on the altar as a burnt offering. When there is ambiguity in which party is the proper referent of the pronoun, the notes will specify and offer an alternate translation. \n\n### Second and third-person address\nThe entire chapter is addressed to the people of God, covering two hypothetical scenarios when someone might offer three variations of the burnt offering. However, the person addressed in the chapter varies in the first second verse. Initially, God addresses **a man from you** in the third-person, but then switches to a second-person address (**you will offer**) to indiciate the imperatival force of the statement. The ensuing string of third-person verbs (1:3–17) carry the same imperatival weight of the intial second-person verb. Thus, because in this chapter **his** and **he** refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh, it can be translated in the second person as it is in [Leviticus 1:2](../01/02.md) and as the UST models. The pronoun used to the refer to the worshipper switches as follows:\n\n### Technical sacrificial terminology\n[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]\n\n#### The “burnt offering”\n[TEXT]\n\n#### The “gift” or “offering made by fire”\n[TEXT] +front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Leviticus\n\n1. Instructions to the Israelites about offerings (1:1–6:7)\n * Burnt offerings (1:1–17)\n * Grain offerings (2:1–16)\n * Fellowship offerings (3:1–17)\n * Offerings for unintentional sins (4:1–5:13)\n * Guilt offerings (5:14–6:7)\n2. Instructions to the priests about offerings (6:8–7:10)\n * Burnt offerings (6:8–13)\n * Grain offerings (6:14–23)\n * Purification offerings (6:24–30)\n * Guilt offerings (7:1–10)\n3. Further instructions to the Israelites (7:11–7:38)\n * Peace offerings (7:11–21)\n * Eating fat and blood forbidden (7:22–27)\n * The portion for the priests (7:28–7:38)\n4. Setting apart the priests (8:1–10:20)\n * Aaron and his sons ordained (8:1–36)\n * Aaron as high priest (9:1–24)\n * Nadab and Abihu punished (10:1–20)\n5. Laws about clean and unclean things (11:1–15:33)\n * Clean and unclean food (11:1–47)\n * Women purified after giving birth to a child (12:1–8)\n * Skin, clothing, houses (13:1–14:47)\n * Bodily fluids (15:1–33)\n6. Day of Atonement; the place of the offering; the nature of blood (16:1–17:16)\n7. Setting apart for worship and service; being disqualified from service (18:1–24:23)\n8. The years of rest and release (25:1–55)\n9. Blessing for obeying and curses for not obeying (26:1–46)\n10. Gifts to God (27:1–34)\n\n### What is the book of Leviticus about?\n\nIn the book of Leviticus, God continues to give laws through Moses to the people of Israel. The people were to obey all of these laws to honor their covenant with God.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\n“Leviticus” means “about the Levites.” The Levites were the tribe of Israel that provided priests and other workers in the tabernacle. If the people in the project language do not understand the term “Levites,” you can call it “The Book about the Priests” or “The Book about the Tabernacle Workers.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Leviticus?\n\n### What is the meaning of “holy” and “holiness” in the book of Leviticus?\n\nThese terms concern separating someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use. God separated these people or things so they would belong only to him. The people were to consider the places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way as separate. The people could not use them for anything else. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone.\n\nAnyone or anything that was acceptable to God or “holy” was spoken of as if it were physically clean.\n\nIn the same way, anyone or anything that was not acceptable to God or not holy was spoken of as if it were physically unclean.\n\nSome people and some things could be made clean or “cleansed,” that is, acceptable to God. People or things were made clean if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. For example, some foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh could be made clean. However, other people and things could never be made acceptable to him.\n\nIt is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for 33 days. Then the proper animal sacrifice would be offered for her. The flow of blood made the woman unclean ([Leviticus 12:7](../../lev/12/07.md)). But Leviticus never suggests that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, God did not allow Israelites to eat many kinds of animals, as one way of setting his people apart.\n\nBecause God does not sin, the terms “holy” and “holiness” often suggest this same idea. Something belonging to God is holy. Because people must respect God, they must respect the things that belong to him.\n\n### What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?\n\nOn 17 occasions, the phrase “The Lord said to Moses” (and sometimes Aaron) is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently spoke to others. The verb “speak” is used thirty-eight times.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was the “tent of meeting”\n[TEXT]\n\n### Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?\n\nLeviticus shows that God is holy. That means God is very different from humanity and the rest of the created world. God does not sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being “cleansed.” The many kinds of sacrifices were meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people had to continue making animal sacrifices so that they would continue to be acceptable to God. This was a sign that pointed to a need for a better sacrifice. They needed a sacrifice that would cause them to be acceptable to God forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?\n\nPriests were individuals who went to God on behalf of the people. God authorized the priests to bring the Israelite’s sacrifices to himself.\n\n### How did the Israelite’s rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from rules of the other nations at that time?\n\nIt was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols. But, the other nations did other things to worship their false gods. For instance, people would sleep with prostitutes at the temple of their gods. They did this to try to persuade their gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Also, people of other nations would sometimes offer human sacrifices to their gods. The God of Israel did not allow his people to do these kinds of things.\n\n\n\n\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n\n### “the sons of Aaron”\nAt the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were the “sons of Aaron.” But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. However, in chapters 8–10, only the literal sons of Aaron are in view, so the term “sons” would be appropriate there.\n\n\n### “To the face of Yahweh”\nThroughout the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, "in the presence" or "sight of Yahweh" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. You can translate this expression as “from Yahweh’s perspective,” “in Yahweh's presence,” or simply as “before Yahweh.”\n\n### “Unblemished” or “perfect”\nWhen the book of Leviticus calls something **perfect** (in the ULT), it refers to a sacrificial animal that is the best representative animal of that species. As such, the word **perfect** refers to wholeness, completeness, and perfection. This is often translated with negative terms like “unblemished.” If it would be more natural in your language, consider using terms that carry these same meanings. Alternate translation: “a whole male” or “a complete male” or “a healthy male” \n\n\n\n### What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?\n\nOil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something so God could accept them. Blood was also used to cleanse and purify people and things. This is because blood represented life that needed to be shed in order for God to forgive people for sinning.\n\n### Why do many sections begin with the phrase “Yahweh said to Moses”?\n\nThis phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as “God told Moses.” +1:intro ecv8 0 #Leviticus 1 General Notes\n\n##Structure and Formatting\nIn Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word “And,” indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). This connection not only implies that the first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit, but also situates Leviticus in the narrative setting of the book of Exodus, during the thirteenth month of the Israelite's wandering in the wilderness of Sinai. \n\nThe first chapter of Leviticus is comprised of two hypothetical scenarios representing three variations of the burnt offering: an offering of either: \n\n- 1) a livestock animal ([1:2–13](../01/02.md))\n - a) a bovine ([1:3–9](../01/03.md))\n - b) a sheep or goat ([1:10–13](../01/10.md))\n- 2) a bird ([1:14–17](../01/14.md))\n\nAs such, the intial heading verse of each section begins with **If** and is followed by the prescribed steps of the sacrifice. Presumably, they are the same for each burnt offering, but more prescriptions are explicit for the first type of burnt offering, the bovine, probably because they are implied for the other two possible burnt offerings. The steps of the sacrificial process for burnt offerings is:\n\n- 1) Selecting a perfect, unblemished, and otherwise completely healthy animal ([1:3, 10, 14](../01/03.md))\n- 2) Presenting the animal at the entrance to the tent of meeting ([1:3](../01/03.md))\n- 3) Laying hands on the animal ([1:4](../01/04.md))\n- 4) Killing the animal ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 5) Presenting and sprinkling the animal's blood on the altar ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 6) Skinning the animal ([1:6](../01/06.md))\n- 7) Butchering the animal into its appropriate pieces, usually the head, fat, intestines, and legs ([1:6, 12, 16–17](../01/06.md))\n- 8) Putting fire on the altar and arranging the wood ([1:7](../01/07.md))\n- 9) Arranging the pieces, specifically the head and the fat, of the sacrifice on the burning wood of the altar ([1:8, 12](../01/08.md))\n- 10) Washing the legs and the intestines ([1:9, 13](../01/09.md))\n- 11) Burning the entire animal in a way that causes smoke to go up ([1:9, 13, 17](../01/09.md)\n\n##Special Concepts in this Chapter\nSeveral concepts are crucial for understanding the instructions in this chapter. They include: 1) atonement, 2) the importance of blood, and 3) the nature of symbolic action. \n\n###Atonement\nThe word translated **atone** in the ULT is a technical term expressing the act of atonement that was carried out by the priest but always accomplished by Yahweh. Traditionally, it has been understood as a metaphor with the basic meaning of “to cover,” but more recently, some scholars have understood it to express the image of “to wipe.” If the former is correct, then the metaphor pictures the blood of the sacrifice as covering up the definiling impurity caused by sin. If the latter is correct, then the metaphor pictures the blood of the animal as a sort of ritual detergent that cleanses the person or object from the defiling presence of sin's impurity. Either way, the sacrifice offered by the priest on behalf of the individual or community is accepted in order to restore the relationship between the individual or community and Yahweh that has been damaged or defiled because of sin. This is why so many of the instructions concerning sacrifice end with the mention of the forgiveness of sins, which was the means by which the relationship with Yahweh could be restored. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]). \n\n\n###The importance of blood \nIn Leviticus 1, the **blood** of the animal is collected and applied via sprinkling or splattering to the sides of the altar upon which the burnt offering is placed (see [1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md)). This act, as explained above, has been variously understood, but pictures the blood as cleansing the altar from the effects of sin. Blood was able to cleanse sacred space and God's people from the impurities of sin because of its ability to accomplish atonement by means of "the life" of the animal (see ([17:10–12](../17/10.md)). Because the blood contained "the life" of the animal, Yahweh forbid the eating of any animal blood (see ([7:26–27](../07/26.md), ([17:10–14](../17/10.md), and ([19:26](../19/26.md)). \n\n###Ritual or symbolic action\nThree actions in this chapter and throughout Leviticus are symbolic in nature and picture important theological realities. \n\n\n1) The language of **presenting** throughout this chapter means not only bringing the sacrifice to the altar or to the priest, but also displaying the sacrifice **to the face of Yahweh**, that is, to Yahweh himself. This pictured the reality that these sacrifices were performed in the presence of Yahweh, literally in the vacinity of the sacred precincts where Yahweh lived among the Israelites while they were in the wilderness. \n\n2) This chapter features the symbolic act of **laying** one's **hands on the head** of the sacrificial animal. This action is linked to the acceptance of the animal as an appropriate sacrifice on the individual's behalf (see ([1:4](../01/04.md)). As a symbolic act, the laying of hands apparently identifies the individual with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed.\n\n3) The language of **causing** the sacrifice **to become smoke on the altar** pictures the sacrifice as being converted to smoke by the fire of the altar and arising to Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the pleasant aroma of the burning sacrifice. As such, the pleasant smell was either a sign that Yahweh approved the sacrifice and would atone for the individual's sins and forgive him, or functioned as a necessary requirement for the acceptance of the individual's offering. \n\n##Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\nThis chapter includes two primary figures of speech that may prove difficult to translate but are important to understanding the chapter. These include 1) the phrase **to the face of Yahweh** and 2) the phrase **a pleasing smell to Yahweh**. \n\n###“To the face of Yahweh”\nThroughout this chapter, and the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, "in the presence" or "sight of Yahweh" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, either in the sense of the location directly in front of the tent in which Yahweh resided (see [1:3, 12](../01/03.md)), or in the sense of being in the presence of Yahweh within the precinsts of the tent of meeting (see [1:5](../01/05.md)). You can translate either sense of this expression as “in the presence of Yahweh" or simply as ”before Yahweh.”\n\n###“Pleasing smell to Yahweh”\nAs mentioned previously, throughout this chapter, the priest is instructed to **cause** the sacrifice **to become smoke on the altar**. This refers to burning the sacrifice in a way that causes smoke to go up, picturing the sacrifice as being converted to pleasant-smelling smoke by the fire and arising to Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased. That the sacrifice was accompanied by the **gift** of the pleasant-smelling smoke of the sacrifice was apparently crucial to the acceptance of the offering as an appropriate sacrifice on the individual's behalf, as it is mentioned several times in this chapter (see [1:9, 13, 17](../01/09.md)). \n\n##Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\nIn addition to these important figures of speech, this chapter features several translation difficulties, including 1) the unclear referent of pronouns, 2) the switching between second and third-person address, 3) the use of a verb and a related noun (cognate-accusatives), 4) the use of a future form to indicate a request or command, and 5) the use of specific, techical sacrificial language. \n\n###The referent of the pronouns\nThroughout this chapter, the author of Leviticus uses a third-person pronoun to refer to both the individual who offers the sacrifices and to **the priest** who performs the sacrifice. As such, it is often difficult (but not impossible) to infer which party performs which actions. In general, the sacrifice is present to the priest, but the individual who presents the sacrifice is responsible for killing, properly butchering, and presenting the portions of the sacrificial animal to the priest, who will then arrange them on the altar's fire. The only exception to this pattern can be found in the instruction for offering a bird ([1:14–17](../01/14.md)), which specifies that is it the priest who brings the bird to the altar ([1:14](../01/14.md)) before, presumably, completing the preparation for its being burned on the altar as a burnt offering. When there is ambiguity in which party is the proper referent of the pronoun, the notes will specify who is being referred to. \n\n###Second and third-person address\nThe entirety of chapters 1 through 7 are writted as direct addres to the people of God through Moses. As mentioned previously, chapter 1 describes two hypothetical scenarios when an indiviudal might offer three variations of the burnt offering. However, the form of the verb used to refer to the individual in this chapter varies in the second verse ([1:2](../01/02.md)). Initially, Yahweh addresses **a man from you** in the third-person, but then switches to a second-person address (**you will offer**) to indiciate the imperatival force of the statement. The ensuing string of third-person verbs ([1:3–17](../01/03.md)) carry the same imperatival weight of the intial second-person verb. Thus, because in this chapter **his** and **he** refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh, it can be translated in the second person as it is in [1:2](../01/02.md) and as the UST models. The pronoun used to the refer to the individual who offers the sacrifice switches as follows:\n\n- Third-person: ”When a man from you, when he presents...” ([1:2](../01/02.md))\n- Second-peron: ”...you will present...” ([1:2](../01/02.md))\n- Third-person: ”If his offering...” ([1:3–17](../01/03.md))\n\nAs previously discussed, if the switch from third-person forms to second-person and back would be confusing in your lanaguage, consider using either the second or third-person forms throughout. The UST models using second-person forms for the entirety of this chapter, but the notes will often offer translation possibilities with third-person alternatives. \n\n###The use of a verb with a related noun (Cognate-accusatives)\nFor emphasis, the author of Leviticus often uses a verb with a related noun. In this chapter, the verb **to present** is related to the noun translated **offering**. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate in this context to repeat these words in a similar manner. \n\n###The use of a future form to indicate a command\nOften in this chapter and throughout the first seven chapters of Leviticus, a future form will be used to indicate a command or instruction. For example, Lev 1:2 says, "you will present your offering.” This is equivalent to saying, "you should present” or ”you must present.” Throughout these chapters, these forms could be translated with a modal form, as the UST models, or simply with an imperative or instruction form. \n\n###Technical sacrificial terminology\nThroughout the book of Leviticus, the author employs several terms that have a specialized technical meaning in the context of sacrifices or that are only used in this context. In this chapter, such terms are 1) the **burnt offering** and 2) the **gift**.\n####The “burnt offering”\nThe burnt offering is a particular sacrifice that could be offered by anyone for a variety of reasons. Its name is related to a verb that means "to go up" or ”to ascend,” suggesting that the sacrifice was to be converted into smoke by the fire and ascend to Yahweh in heaven, as the discussion on the verb **to cause to become smoke** will suggest. Its function was to provide a sacrifice intended to bring about forgiveness for a wide variety of sins and unintentional mistakes that were not specifically covered by the other sacrifices discussed in the first seven chapters of Leviticus. The sacrifice required a perfect, male animal, which would be completely burned on the altar over a fire that was to be kept burning continually (see [6:9–13](../06/09.md) for more details ). The sacrifice, when accepted by Yahweh, would provide **atonement** for the individual who offered it. \n\n####The “gift” or “offering made by fire”\nThe word translated **gift** in [1:9, 13, and 17](../01/09.md) is variously translated in modern English versions, usually with reference to ”an offering made by fire,” based on the word's presumed relationship with the word for ”fire.” However, some of the sacrifices referred to by this word are not burned on the altar (like the portions of the sacrifices that belonged to the priests in [7:30, 35–36](../07/30.md)), and many sacrifices that are burned on the altar are not referred to by this term, like the purification offering. Instead, this term simply refers to a **gift** offered to Yahweh that consists of food items. While you may see the phrase ”fire offering” or ”offering made by fire” in modern English translations, we suggest that you retain the term **gift**. \n 1:1 y78a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד 1 The author of Leviticus is using the possessive to describe Yahweh **meeting** with Moses (and, by extension, the whole people) within the physical location of the **tent.** If this is not clear in your language, you could use an adjective that better describes the locale of divine presence. Alternative translation: “from the tent where Yahweh met with Moses and lived among the Israelites” 1:1 zbz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. 1:1-2 rivr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel and to say to them” 1:2 l7kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־ & וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that Moses is to deliver the following speech to the people of Israel. (The speech makes up the rest of the book except for the last verse.) If your language does not use repetition for emphasis, you could use a single phrase and convey the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Make sure you say this to” 1:2 o3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 This expression speaks of the people of Israel in the time of Moses as if they were literally the **sons** of Israel. It means that they are the physical and spiritual descendants of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” 1:2 jqkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Although the word translated **sons** is masculine and plural, it has a generic sense that applies to both men and women. In your translation, you may wish to use a term that is clearly inclusive of men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” -1:2 fjhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, here and throughout the book, the author of Leviticus uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these verbs using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “and say” +1:2 fjhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, here and throughout the book, the author of Leviticus uses a future form to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these verbs using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “and say” 1:2 aps3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אָדָ֗ם & מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address to them. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “One of you Israelites”\n 1:2 yiq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֗ם 1 Although the word translated **A man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “A person” or “Someone” 1:2 gmsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. The word applies to the entire Israelite community. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. @@ -22,19 +22,18 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:3 tdgu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the phrase **a perfect male** here refers to a male bovine that is an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “an unblemished male” or "a male without blemish" 1:3 ds3f rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ אֶל־פֶּ֝תַח אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ יַקְרִ֣יב אֹת֔⁠וֹ לִ⁠רְצֹנ֖⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The word translated **for** indicates the result of offering a sacrifice in the manner prescribed here. If it would be more natural in your language, you could put the last of these phrases first, since the last phrase gives the reason for the actions that the first two phrases describe. Alternate translation: “in order for Yahweh to consider the offering acceptable, he will present a perfect male at the entrance of the tent of meeting”\n 1:3 l23i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠רְצֹנ֖⁠וֹ 1 The word translated **its** could refer to: (1) the offering. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the sacrifice” or (2) the worshiper. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the one offering the sacrifice" -1:3 wwof rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, in contexts such as this, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “where Yahweh can see” and, by extension, “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh’s judgment.” Alternate translation: “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh's judgement” or “before Yahweh“ +1:3 wwof rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, in contexts such as this, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “where Yahweh can see” and, by extension, “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh’s judgment.” Alternate translation: “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh's judgment” or “before Yahweh” 1:4 n7j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֣ךְ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed. 1:4 el3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִרְצָ֥ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will accept it” 1:4 mygh rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 The words **in order to** introduce the purpose of laying hands on the sacrificial animal. Use an expression in your language that makes it clear that what follows is the purpose. 1:4 rvk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 The word translated **atonement** may have originally indicated either the “covering” or the “wiping away” of sin. Either way, by the time of Leviticus it indicated that the sacrifice would be accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that had been damaged or defiled by sin. Consider using a word or phrase that coveys this idea effectively in your language. Alternative translation: “to restore him” 1:5 bs53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־בֶּ֥ן הַ⁠בָּקָ֖ר 1 The expression **son of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this animal as **the son of the cattle** because it is animal that shares the essential qualities of the class of bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bull” or "the bovine" 1:5 fgym לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is” -1:5 sudx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן 1 At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the **priests** literally were the **sons of Aaron.** But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” +1:5 sudx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were the “sons of Aaron.” But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants” (with the exception of Leviticus chs.8–10). Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. 1:5 qcc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠הִקְרִיבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן הַֽ⁠כֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood as it drains, the sons of Aaron, the priests, will present the blood” -1:5 d5hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠זָרְק֨וּ אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֤ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 Sprinkling **the blood** on the sides of **the altar** is a symbolic action. The blood of the animal, being its life ([Leviticus 17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is sprinkled to keep the sacrificial altar free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and they will sprinkle the blood all around on the holy altar that {is at} the entrance of the tent of meeting in order to keep the altar clean from sin” +1:5 d5hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠זָרְק֨וּ אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֤ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 Splashing **the blood** on the sides of **the altar** is a symbolic action. The blood of the animal, being its life ([Leviticus 17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed against the side of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and they will splatter the blood all around on the holy altar that {is at} the entrance of the tent of meeting in order to keep the altar clean from sin” 1:6 u7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִפְשִׁ֖יט 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the person making the offering. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the subject explicit. You could also keep using a second-person pronoun if you have been doing that. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice will skin” or, using the second-person, “You will skin” 1:6 cshr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖⁠הּ לִ⁠נְתָחֶֽי⁠הָ 1 The author of Leviticus assumes his audience will know what portions of the animal constituted **its pieces**. These would have included, but perhaps not have been limited to, the legs and entrails, as [1:9](../01/09.md) suggests. If the phrase **its pieces** would not be clear in your context, consider listing what pieces these are. Alternate translation: “and he will cut it into its appropriate portions by removing the legs and entrails” -1:7 a0ob rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן 1 See how you translated the phrase **the sons of Aaron** in [1:5](../01/05.md). 1:7 tm1b rc://*/ta/man/figs-idiom וְ֠⁠נָתְנוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֵ֖שׁ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The expression **will put fire on the altar** means “will light a fire on top of the altar.” It may mean that the priests were to place hot coals on the altar and perhaps some kindling; they would then place the wood on top. If the phrase **put fire** does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an expression in your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron the priest will light a fire on top of the altar” 1:8 egek rc://*/ta/man/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֑דֶר 1 The term **fat** refers to suet, that is, the hard, lumpy fat that surrounds the kidneys and liver of sheep, goats, and bovines. If your language has a word for this portion of fatty tissue, consider using it here.\n\n 1:9 y5xf rc://*/ta/man/figs-explicitinfo וְ⁠קִרְבּ֥⁠וֹ וּ⁠כְרָעָ֖י⁠ו יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 It might seem that the expression **and he will wash...with water** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And he should wash its innards and its legs thoroughly”\n @@ -65,316 +64,669 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:17 ua00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns לֹ֣א יַבְדִּיל֒ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous but likely refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest should not divide it” 1:17 bxu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר אֹת֤⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה עַל־הָ⁠עֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָ⁠אֵ֑שׁ 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest should cause everything to become smoke on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire, and ascend towards God in heaven” 1:17 y4aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 The author of Leviticus describes Yahweh accepting the sacrifice with the image of Yahweh enjoying the pleasant-smelling smoke that rises from the burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the same idea in another way. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -2:intro t6wy 0 # Leviticus 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering. The **and** of 2:1 indicates that the instructions of Lev 1 are continuing. Yahweh continues telling Moses how the people should offer sacrifices.\n\n\n##Translation issues in this chapter\n### The number and person of pronouns\nIn the address to the Israelites, the author of Leviticus is known for abuptly switching the person, number, and occassionaly gender, of pronouns and verbal forms that refer to the person offering sacrifices. In chapter 1, it was suggested that any third-person singular pronouns that refer to the worshipper (and not to the priest) could be changed to second-person plural pronouns, based on the nature of the direct address and the presence of a second-person plural pronoun in [1:2](../01/02.md) and several times in the current chapter.\n\n\nThe pronouns referring to the worshipper switch person, gender, and number frequently. Verses 1–3 address the worshipper with a third-person singular pronoun. This swtiches to the second-person, singular pronoun in 2:4–8. The worshipper is addressed in the third-person in verse 8, but verse 11 marks a shift to the second-person, this time in the plural. The plural pronouns continue throughout verses 11 and 12, but the author of Leviticus swtiches back to the second-person singular from verse 13 to the end of the chapter.\n\nThird-Person (2:1–3)\n- "...when a person [third-person, feminine singular] presents..." (2:1)\n- "...his [third-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will pour ..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will put..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will bring..." (2:2)\n- "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:4)\n- "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:5)\n- "Piece [second-person, singular imperative] it..." (2:6)\n- "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] will pour..." (2:6)\n- "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:7)\n- "And you [second-person, masculine singular] will bring..." (2:8)\n- "And he [third-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:8)\n- "Any grain offering that you [second-person, masculine plural] present..." (2:11)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine plural] will not cause to become smoke..." (2:11)\n- "You [second-person, masculine plural] will present..." (2:12)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] grain offerings..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will salt..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will not omit..." (2:13)\n- "...the covenant of your [second-person, masculine singular] God..." (2:13)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] offerings..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:13)\n- "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:14)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:14)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] first ripe grains..." (2:14)\n- "And you [second-person, masculine singular] will put..." (2:15)\n- "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] will place..." (2:15)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nThis chapter introduces several key concepts that are relevant to proper translation. \n### Grain offering\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n### Flour\nThe term translated “flour” in the ULT and “wheat flour” in the UST is apparently a baking product made from the production of wheat grains (cf. Exod 29:2, and 2 Kgs 7:16, where is it contrasted with barley). However, according to some rabbinic sources, the precise commodity referred to in this chapter and elsewhere in Leviticus is the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed. Since “flour” would connote the fine powder that falls through the sieve, what remains is more accurately called “grits” or “semolina” (cf. 1 Kgs 5:2, where “grits” or “semolina” is contrasted with “flour”). However, since this culinary term is not present in many cultures, the term “flour” has been retained. If your language has a word for the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed, then use that term. \n\n###Oil\n[INSERT TEXT]\n\n###Incense\nScholarly sources suggest that the substance that was burned in ritual spaces for its fragrance was an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from three species of the Boswellia tree native only to southern Arabia (see Jer 6:20) and Somaliland. The burning of this substance was required with all grain offering, regardless of the manner of their preparation. Apparently, because both grain offerings and animal offerings provided a pleasing aroma to Yahweh, the addition of incense with the grain offering was to distinguish them from the animal sacrifices or burnt offerings (cf. Lev 1). Whereas the olive oil was to be poured all over the grain offerings, the incense was to be “placed” on top of it, apparently in a large lump. Then the raw flour (or other kind of grain offering) would be mixed together with the olive oil and the lump of incense in the priest’s hand as he took a large handful (Lev 2:2). These ingredient would then be completely burned on the altar and converted into pleasant-smelling smoke, which, when it went up to Yahweh, would “please” Yahweh and so mark the completion of an acceptable sacrifice. \n\n###The memorial portion\nThis portion of the grain offering appears to have been the portion which the priest designates will be burned completely on the altar as a sacrifice to Yahweh, as opposed to the portion which will remain over as food for the priests to eat. As such, the “memorial portion” is the part of the sacrifice whose “portion,” by being completely burned on the altar, represents the entire grain offering. \n\n\n### Yeast and leaven\nIn Leviticus 2, the word **leaven** refers to a lump of dough made from flour and other common ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. The term **yeast** refers to the microscopic organism consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the ancient world, **yeast** was a common household raising agent used in the baking of bread. However, because store-bought, commercial yeast in the form of a dried, deactivated culture that is routinely added to individual batches of dough is a modern invention, the ULT has chosen the less anachronistic term **leaven culture**. This term reflects the slow process of growing wild, naturally occurring yeast from a single, small batch of dough, forming a **leaven** that would be added to other larger batches of dough. The wild yeast in the **leaven** would multiply and fill the rest of the larger batch of dough until the entire batch was considered ”leavened.”\n\nIn Leviticus, grain offerings, whether baked or fried, that were made using **leaven** or included **leaven culture** were expressly forbidden to be burned on the altar, along with grain offerings made with honey. Instead, as Lev 2:12 expresses, grain offerings that included either **leaven culture** or **honey** could be offered as firstfruit offerings that were not burned on the altar. Eating or baking with **leaven** is proscribed during the events of the first Passover in Egypt before the Exodus and, specifically, during the annual festival of Unleavened Bread (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]). Yahweh informs Moses that the practice of excluding **leaven** and **leaven culture** from one's diet should serve as a ”sign” and ”memorial” to the people of Israel that reminds them of God's mighty acts of salvation in the Exodus and encourages them to obey his commandements. (See Exodus 13:5-10). It should be noted that it was not always unlawful to eat food products made with **leaven** or **leaven culture**, but that the proscription only applied during special feasts and holidays associated with the Exodus. -2:1 dk2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 0 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **present** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:1 c9yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה 0 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “And when you bring a grain offering to Yahweh” -2:1 oa9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ 0 The word translated **a person** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “one of you” or “someone” -2:1 djff rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ 0 The term translated **a grain offering** refers to a sacrifice that consists of grain products, usually dried wheat, barley, or corn. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of agricultural product, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an offering of dried wheat, barley, or corn produce” -2:1 ucvp קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 0 Alternate translation: “your offering” -2:1 te9y סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ\n 0 Alternate translation: “his offering should be flour” or, using the second-person, “your offering should be flour”\n -2:1 tf2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סֹ֖לֶת 1 As the Introduction discusses, the term translated **flour** refers to the food product made from grinding roasted and dried wheat grain. It might refer to either 1) the fine ground grain that falls through a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: ”fine wheat flour“ or 2) the large lumps of crushed grain that remain on top of a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “wheat semolina” -2:1 hdh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שֶׁ֔מֶן 1 As the Introduction discusses, **oil** here refers to the agricultural product made from pressing ripe olives. If your context or culture possesses a specific word for this term, consider using it here. -2:1 x1p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְבֹנָֽה 1 As the Introduction discusses, this **incense** refers to an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from specific trees. It would be routinely burned in ritual settings, like grain offerings, for its fragrance. If your context and language possess a word for this kind of religious item, consider using it here. -2:2 b2x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וֶֽ⁠הֱבִיאָ֗⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense that 2:1 describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and he will bring the mixture of flour, oil, and incense” -2:2 fxgx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹן֮  1 At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the Tent of Meeting, the **priests** literally were the **sons of Aaron**. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” -2:2 z8gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ מִ⁠שָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **grab** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **handful**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:2 v2q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ מִ⁠שָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗⁠וֹ 1 A **handful** is the amount that a person can hold in the palm of a single hand. Alternate translation: “and take what he can hold in his hand” -2:2 ufqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous in the context and could refer to **the priest** or the worshiper. However, based on the description of [2:9](../02/09.md), it is likely that **he** refers to **the priest.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should grab” -2:2 zyrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מִ⁠סָּלְתָּ⁠הּ֙ וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁמְנָ֔⁠הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑⁠הּ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “some of the flour, oil, and incense of the mixture of the offering” -2:2 in1v לְבֹנָתָ֑⁠הּ 1 See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 2:1](../02/01.md). -2:2 e7ss rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 As the Introduction discusses, the **memorial portion** refers to the handful of the grain offering that the priest designates will be burned completely on the altar as a sacrifice to Yahweh by taking it in his hand and putting it on the altar, as opposed to the portion which would remain over as food for the priests to eat. As the portion that would be sacrificed by burning, it represented the entire sacrifice and belonged to Yahweh. -2:2 gdy0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense that 2:1 describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the memorial portion of the mixture of flour, oil, and incense” +2:intro t6wy 0 # Leviticus 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering. The **and** of 2:1 indicates that the instructions of Lev 1 are continuing. Yahweh continues telling Moses how the people should offer sacrifices.\n\n\n##Translation issues in this chapter\n### The number and person of pronouns\nIn the address to the Israelites, the author of Leviticus is known for abuptly switching the person, number, and occassionaly gender, of pronouns and verbal forms that refer to the person offering sacrifices. In chapter 1, it was suggested that any third-person singular pronouns that refer to the worshipper (and not to the priest) could be changed to second-person plural pronouns, based on the nature of the direct address and the presence of a second-person plural pronoun in [1:2](../01/02.md) and several times in the current chapter.\n\nThe pronouns referring to the worshipper switch person, gender, and number frequently. Verses 1–3 address the worshipper with a third-person singular pronoun. This swtiches to the second-person, singular pronoun in 2:4–8. The worshipper is addressed in the third-person in verse 8, but verse 11 marks a shift to the second-person, this time in the plural. The plural pronouns continue throughout verses 11 and 12, but the author of Leviticus swtiches back to the second-person singular from verse 13 to the end of the chapter.\n\nThird-Person (2:1–3)\n- "...when a person [third-person, feminine singular] presents..." (2:1)\n- "...his [third-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will pour ..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will put..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will bring..." (2:2)\n- "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:4)\n- "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:5)\n- "Piece [second-person, singular imperative] it..." (2:6)\n- "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] will pour..." (2:6)\n- "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:7)\n- "And you [second-person, masculine singular] will bring..." (2:8)\n- "And he [third-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:8)\n- "Any grain offering that you [second-person, masculine plural] present..." (2:11)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine plural] will not cause to become smoke..." (2:11)\n- "You [second-person, masculine plural] will present..." (2:12)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] grain offerings..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will salt..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will not omit..." (2:13)\n- "...the covenant of your [second-person, masculine singular] God..." (2:13)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] offerings..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:13)\n- "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:14)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:14)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] first ripe grains..." (2:14)\n- "And you [second-person, masculine singular] will put..." (2:15)\n- "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] will place..." (2:15)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nThis chapter introduces several key concepts that are relevant to proper translation. \n\n### Grain offering\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n### Flour\nThe term translated “flour” in the ULT and “wheat flour” in the UST is apparently a baking product made from the production of wheat grains (cf. Exod 29:2, and 2 Kgs 7:16, where is it contrasted with barley). However, according to some rabbinic sources, the precise commodity referred to in this chapter and elsewhere in Leviticus is the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed. Since “flour” would connote the fine powder that falls through the sieve, what remains is more accurately called “grits” or “semolina” (cf. 1 Kgs 5:2, where “grits” or “semolina” is contrasted with “flour”). However, since this culinary term is not present in many cultures, the term “flour” has been retained. If your language has a word for the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed, then use that term. \n\n###Oil\n[INSERT TEXT]\n\n###Incense\nScholarly sources suggest that the substance that was burned in ritual spaces for its fragrance was an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from three species of the Boswellia tree native only to southern Arabia (see Jer 6:20) and Somaliland. The burning of this substance was required with all grain offering, regardless of the manner of their preparation. Apparently, because both grain offerings and animal offerings provided a pleasing aroma to Yahweh, the addition of incense with the grain offering was to distinguish them from the animal sacrifices or burnt offerings (cf. Lev 1). Whereas the olive oil was to be poured all over the grain offerings, the incense was to be “placed” on top of it, apparently in a large lump. Then the raw flour (or other kind of grain offering) would be mixed together with the olive oil and the lump of incense in the priest’s hand as he took a large handful (Lev 2:2). These ingredient would then be completely burned on the altar and converted into pleasant-smelling smoke, which, when it went up to Yahweh, would “please” Yahweh and so mark the completion of an acceptable sacrifice. \n\n###The memorial portion\nThis portion of the grain offering appears to have been the portion which the priest designates will be burned completely on the altar as a sacrifice to Yahweh, as opposed to the portion which will remain over as food for the priests to eat. As such, the “memorial portion” is the part of the sacrifice whose “portion,” by being completely burned on the altar, represents the entire grain offering. \n\n\n### Yeast and leaven\nIn Leviticus 2, the word **leaven** refers to a lump of dough made from flour and other common ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. The term **yeast** refers to the microscopic organism consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the ancient world, **yeast** was a common household raising agent used in the baking of bread. However, because store-bought, commercial yeast in the form of a dried, deactivated culture that is routinely added to individual batches of dough is a modern invention, the ULT has chosen the less anachronistic term **leaven culture**. This term reflects the slow process of growing wild, naturally occurring yeast from a single, small batch of dough, forming a **leaven** that would be added to other larger batches of dough. The wild yeast in the **leaven** would multiply and fill the rest of the larger batch of dough until the entire batch was considered ”leavened.”\n\nIn Leviticus, grain offerings, whether baked or fried, that were made using **leaven** or included **leaven culture** were expressly forbidden to be burned on the altar, along with grain offerings made with honey. Instead, as Lev 2:12 expresses, grain offerings that included either **leaven culture** or **honey** could be offered as firstfruit offerings that were not burned on the altar. Eating or baking with **leaven** is proscribed during the events of the first Passover in Egypt before the Exodus and, specifically, during the annual festival of Unleavened Bread (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]). Yahweh informs Moses that the practice of excluding **leaven** and **leaven culture** from one's diet should serve as a ”sign” and ”memorial” to the people of Israel that reminds them of God's mighty acts of salvation in the Exodus and encourages them to obey his commandements. (See Exodus 13:5-10). It should be noted that it was not always unlawful to eat food products made with **leaven** or **leaven culture**, but that the proscription only applied during special feasts and holidays associated with the Exodus. +2:1 dk2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **presents** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +2:1 c9yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “And when you bring a grain offering to Yahweh ... your offering” +2:1 oa9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב 1 The word translated **a soul** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “one of you” or “someone” +2:1 djff rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ 1 The term translated **a grain offering** refers to a sacrifice that consists of grain products, usually dried wheat, barley, or corn. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of agricultural product, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an offering of dried wheat or barley produce” +2:1 ucvp קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “your offering” +2:1 te9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠יָצַ֤ק עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ לְבֹנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction discusses, Leviticus often uses future statements to give instructions or commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these future statements using command or instruction forms, here and throughout the book. Alternate translation: “his offering should be flour. And he should pour oil on it, and he should put incense on it” or, using the second person, “your offering should be flour. And you should pour oil on it, and you should put incense on it” +2:1 tf2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סֹ֖לֶת 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the term translated **flour** refers to the food product made from grinding roasted and dried wheat grain. This could mean: 1) the finely ground grain that falls through a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “fine wheat flour” 2) the large lumps of crushed grain that remain on top of a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “wheat semolina” +2:1 hdh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שֶׁ֔מֶן 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, **oil** here refers to the agricultural product made from pressing ripe olives. If your language has a specific word for this term, consider using it here. +2:1 x1p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְבֹנָֽה 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **incense** refers to an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from specific trees. It would be routinely burned in ritual settings, such as grain offerings, for its fragrance. If your language has a word for this kind of religious item, consider using it here. Alternate translation: ”a lump of frankincense” +2:2 b2x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וֶֽ⁠הֱבִיאָ֗⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the “grain offering,” that is, the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense, that 2:1 describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and he will bring the grain offering” or “and he will bring the mixture of flour, oil, and incense” +2:2 fxgx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹן֮  1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” +2:2 z8gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ מִ⁠שָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **grab** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **handful**. The use of related words adds clarity to the statement. If your language can use related words for clarity and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. +2:2 ufqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous in the context and could refer either to **the priest** or the worshiper. However, based on the description in [2:9](../02/09.md), it is likely that **he** refers to **the priest.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should grab” +2:2 zyrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִ⁠סָּלְתָּ⁠הּ֙ וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁמְנָ֔⁠הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑⁠הּ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the “grain offering” that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “some of the flour and oil of the grain offering and all of the incense on it” 2:2 jwx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” -2:2 bh7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 The author of Leviticus describes Yahweh accepting the sacrifice with the image of Yahweh enjoying the pleasant-smelling smoke that rises from the burning grain offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the same idea in another way. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -2:3 pxc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתֶ֨רֶת֙ מִן־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 The term translated **the remainder** refers to the portion of the grain offering that the priest did not burn completely on the altar. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the portion of the grain offering that remains after the priest burns the memorial portion on the altar” -2:3 ee9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the Tent of Meeting, **Aaron** and **his sons** constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “belongs to Aaron and to his descendants” -2:3 uf6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 Here, the phrase **a holy thing of holy things** uses the possessive form to describe an entity that is extremely or exceptionally holy. If this form would not express that this place would become uniquely holy in your language, consider an more generic way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “the holiest thing” or “an exceptionally holy offering” -2:3 dtv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ס 1 The author of Leviticus uses the possessive to describe **gifts** that are offered to **Yahweh**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a phrase that better gives he meaning. Alternative translation: “from the gifts that you present to Yahweh” -2:4 ggpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠כִ֥י תַקְרִ֛ב קָרְבַּ֥ן מִנְחָ֖ה 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **present** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:4 q954 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תַקְרִ֛ב 1 The author of Leviticus has been using third-person singular pronouns, but in this verse, though God is speaking to a group of people, the pronoun **you** is singular. If the switch to a singular form of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the plural form in your translation. -2:4 q6ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 This **baked item** was likely a wheat food item that was produced by baking a dough consisting of wheat flour mixed with olive oil in a hot oven. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the sense explicit. Alternate translation: “an item that you baked in the oven” -2:4 i7vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 In the world of ancient Israel, an **oven** was a hollow object made of clay. A wood-fire was lit under or at the bottom portion of the oven, and the subsequent heat would bake the dough inside. -2:4 t9ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil” -2:4 jr21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ 1 The author of Leviticus uses the possessive to describe **flour** that has been kneaded and formed into **unleavened loaves**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a phrase that better gives he meaning. Alternative translation: “flour that you shaped into an unleavened loaf” -2:4 odgj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ 1 The term **unleavened** refers to the absence of a culture of yeast, often in the form of leaven, that was commonly used as a raising agent in bread baking. If this would be unclear in your language, consider a more general term. Alternate translation: “flour of loaves without yeast in it” or “flour of loaves made without a raising agent” -2:4 jv68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חַלּ֤וֹת 1 These **loaves** were apparently either ring shaped or perforated. If your context and language possesses a word for a breaded loaf in this shape, consider using it here. -2:4 qw5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן׃ס 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or you should anoint unleavened wafers with oil” -2:4 nj1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת 1 This **wafer** was apparently a thin, cracker-like cake made from wheat flour. If your context and language possesses a word for a breaded loaf of this kind, consider using it here. -2:4 u0te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן 1 The author of Leviticus describes **wafers** that have been covered generously with oil with the image of being **anointed with oil**. The implication is that a copious amount of oil was poured onto the food item. Consider translating this phrase to indicate that the **oil** is to be spread onto the bread. Alternate translation: “with a generous amount of oil on them” -2:5 ha7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **grain offering on the griddle** refers to an offering of harvested grain that has been prepared on a griddle. The author of Leviticus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you prepared on a griddle.” -2:5 qg9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת 1 This **griddle** was a thick plate made of either clay or metal that was placed over a fire. The heat from the fire would cook or lightly fry the dough on top of the plate. -2:5 pk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil” -2:6 jmbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **piece** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **pieces**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:6 bq8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, **it** refers to the grain offering, whether baked in an over ([2:4](../02/04.md)) or cooked on a griddle ([2:5](../02/05.md)). If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “Piece the grain offering that you have either baked in an oven or cooked on a griddle into pieces” -2:7 b7fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **grain offering of a pan** refers to an offering of harvested grain that has been prepared on a pan. The author of Leviticus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you prepared on a pan.” -2:7 l1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 A **pan** is a plate of metal or clay with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a hot fire. If your language possess a word for this item, consider using it here. -2:7 kx64 סֹ֥לֶת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה 1 Alternate translation: “flour will be prepared with oil” -2:7 s232 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֥לֶת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should prepare flour with oil” -2:8 m5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Here, to **bring** the offering **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the grain offering prescribed in [Leviticus 2:1-7](../02/01.md) to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting. Because the tent of meeting was were Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is tantamount to bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And you should bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” -2:8 bcuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֶת־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 The word **these** refers to either 1) the ingredients described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the grain offering that is made from these ingredients” or 2) the methods described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the grain offering that is made in this way” -2:8 vy42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you made from these” -2:8 j9l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִיבָ⁠הּ֙ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous in the context and could refer to **Yahweh** or the worshiper. However, that **Yahweh** would **present** the offering to **the priest** is nonsensical. Additionally, given that **the priest** is the one that receives the offering, it is likely that **he** refers to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice should present it” or, in the second-person, “And you should present it” -2:8 bplu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִיבָ⁠הּ֙ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the **the grain offering**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice should present the grain offering” or, in the second-person, “And you should present the grain offering” -2:8 rt0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִגִּישָׁ֖⁠הּ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest will bring it near to the altar” -2:9 gsix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הֵרִ֨ים הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן מִן־הַ⁠מִּנְחָה֙ אֶת־אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔⁠הּ 1 To **take up from the grain offering** is an idiom. It refers to the priest taking a handful of the grain offering and so lifting up and removing the **memorial portion** from the whole offering, as described in [2:2](../02/02.md). If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest will grab a handful of the grain offering and lift out the memorial portion” -2:9 qgm4 אֶת־ אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔⁠הּ 1 See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/02.md). -2:9 ofof rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning **the grain offering** in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven in the form of smoke. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn the memorial portion on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” -2:9 a7ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 The act of burning **the grain offering** in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven in the form of smoke. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn the grain offering on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” -2:10 hq1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתֶ֨רֶת֙ מִן־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 The term translated **the remainder** refers to the portion of the grain offering that the priest did not burn completely on the altar. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the portion of the grain offering that remains after the priest burns the memorial portion on the altar” -2:10 nkhy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the Tent of Meeting, **Aaron** and *his sons** constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “belongs to Aaron and to his descendants” -2:10 d8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 Here, the phrase **a holy thing of holy things ** uses the possessive form to describe an entity that is extremely or exceptionally holy. If this form would not express that this place would become uniquely holy in your language you may need to find another way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “the holiest thing” or “an exceptionally holy offering” -2:10 c6hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The author of Leviticus uses the possessive to describe **gifts** that are offered to **Yahweh**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a phrase that better gives he meaning. See how you translated this phrase in [Leviticus 2:3](../02/03.md). -2:11 r3y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not use leaven in any grain offering that you present to Yahweh” -2:11 ldsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כָּל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ 1 As the Introduction discusses, the word **leaven** refers to dough made from flour and other ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. If this distinction would be confusing in your context, consider using a more general term. Alternate translation: “Any grain offering that you offer to Yahweh should not be made with yeast” or “Any grain offering that you offer to Yahweh should not be made with a raising agent” -2:11 n7g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural כָּל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה 1 The word **you** here is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of Meeting. If your language possesses a plural form of the second-person pronoun, use it here in your translation. -2:11 yq9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כִּ֤י כָל־שְׂאֹר֙ 1 As the Introduction discusses, the word **leaven culture** refers to wild, natural yeast, a microscopic organism consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Yeast, usually in the form of **leaven** was a common raising agent used in baking bread. If your context and language does not possess a word for **leaven culture**, consider using a more general term. Alternate translation: “for any natural or wild raising agent” -2:11 szej rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠כָל־דְּבַ֔שׁ 1 Here, **honey** refers to the sticky substance that bees and other insects naturally produce from plant nectar, usually from flowers. **Honey**, in the ancient world and today, is typically eaten as a sweet food or used to sweeten bread and other baked goods. -2:11 ot19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ מִמֶּ֛⁠נּוּ 1 See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md) and [2:9](../02/09.md). -2:11 cc17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ מִמֶּ֛⁠נּוּ 1 The word **you** here is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of Meeting. If your language possesses a plural form of the second-person pronoun, use it here in your translation. +2:2 gdy0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the “grain offering” that 2:1 describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the memorial portion of the grain offering” +2:3 uf6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 Here, the phrase **a holy thing of holy things** uses the possessive form to describe an offering that should be considered holy even among those offerings that are also called **holy**, that is, it is set apart for the special use of the priests. If this form would not express that this place would become uniquely holy in your language, consider an more generic way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “a most holy offering” or “an exceptionally holy offering” +2:3 dtv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ס 1 In this possessive form, **Yahweh** is the object rather than the subject of **gifts**. That is, this does not mean gifts that Yahweh gives, it means gifts that are given to Yahweh. Alternative translation: “from the gifts that you present to Yahweh” +2:4 ggpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠כִ֥י תַקְרִ֛ב קָרְבַּ֥ן מִנְחָ֖ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:1](../02/01.md). +2:4 q954 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תַקְרִ֛ב 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, to this point Leviticus has been using third-person singular pronouns. In this verse, Leviticus starts using second-person singular pronouns. If you have been using the third person and the switch to the second person would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the third person in your translation. +2:4 q6ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 The term **baked** may seem like a passive verbal form that your language would not use. If so, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an item that you baked in the oven” +2:4 i7vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 In the world of ancient Israel, an **oven** was a cylindrical object made of clay or clay. A wood fire was lit under or at the bottom portion of the oven, and the resulting heat would bake the dough inside. If your readers would not be familiar with what an oven is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. +2:4 t9ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן׃ס\n\n 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil or you should anoint unleavened wafers with oil” +2:4 jr21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן 1 This possessive form describes **flour** that has been kneaded and formed into **loaves** that, once baked, would consist of **unleavened bread**. If your language would not use a possessive form in this way, you could express the same meaning in another way. Alternative translation: “flour that you have mixed with oil and shaped into unleavened loaves” +2:4 nj1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת 1 This **wafer** was apparently a thin, cracker-like cake made from wheat flour. If your language has a word for a breaded loaf of this kind, consider using it here. +2:5 ha7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering on the griddle** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “a grain offering that you have prepared on a griddle” +2:5 qg9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת 1 This **griddle** was a thick but shallow plate made of either clay or metal that was placed over a fire. The dough was placed on shallow plate and the heat from the fire would cook or lightly fry or toast the dough on top of the plate. If your readers would not be familiar with what a griddle is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. +2:5 pk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will mix flour that you shaped into unleavened loaves with oil” or “you should mix flour that you shaped into unleavened loaves with oil” +2:6 jmbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **piece** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **pieces**. The use of related words adds clarity to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. +2:6 bq8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, the pronoun **it** refers to the grain offering, whether baked in an oven ([2:4](../02/04.md)) or cooked on a griddle ([2:5](../02/05.md)). It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Piece into pieces the grain offering that you have either baked in an oven or cooked on a griddle” +2:7 b7fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering of a pan** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “a grain offering that you have prepared in a pan” +2:7 l1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 The word **pan** refers to a plate of metal or clay with rounded edges, possibly with a lid. This plate was deeper than the **griddle** of [2:5](../02/05.md), and as a result, the dough was placed into the pan and cooked over a hot fire in the oil, resulting in something like deep-frying. If your readers would not be familiar with what a pan is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. +2:7 s232 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֥לֶת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should prepare flour with oil” +2:8 m5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Leviticus is referring to the altar that was located at the entrance of the tent of meeting by association with the way that the tent of meeting was where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. In other words, taking the offering to the altar was tantamount to bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And you will bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +2:8 vy42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you made from these” +2:8 bcuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 The phrase **from these** could mean: (1) the ingredients described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “from these ingredients” (2) the methods described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “in this way” +2:8 j9l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠הִקְרִיבָ⁠הּ֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus switches from using second-person singular pronouns to using a third-person singular pronoun. If you have been using the second person in your translation and the switch to the third person would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the second person here. Alternate translation: “And you will present it” or “And you should present it” +2:9 ofof rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “and he should burn the memorial portion on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +2:10 d8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 Here, the phrase **a holy thing of holy things** uses the possessive form to describe an offering that should be considered holy even among those offerings that are also called **holy**, that is, it is set apart for the special use of the priests. If this form would not express that this place would become uniquely holy in your language, consider an more generic way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “a most holy offering” or “an exceptionally holy offering” +2:10 c6hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternative translation: “from the gifts that you present to Yahweh” +2:11 r3y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not present to Yahweh any grain offering that you have made with leaven” +2:11 ldsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חָמֵ֑ץ & שְׂאֹר֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **leaven** refers to dough made from flour and other ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. If your readers would not be familiar leaven and leaven culture, in your translation you could use the names of a comparable substances in your culture, or you could use general expressions. Alternate translation: “with yeast … yeast” or “with a raising agent … a raising agent” +2:11 gjrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 The word translated **For** indicates that what follows is the reason or grounds for what came before. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider using a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” +2:11 n7g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ & לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus starts using second-person plural forms. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of Meeting. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. 2:11 dwkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מִמֶּ֛⁠נּוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, **it** refers to a **grain offering** that is designated to be burned on the offering as a sacrifice to Yahweh and, thus, will be considered a **gift** to Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent of the pronoun explicit. Alternate translation: “from any grain offering that you present as a gift to Yahweh” -2:12 mmz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **present** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:12 fqk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of Meeting. If your language possesses a plural form of the second-person pronoun, use it here in your translation. -2:12 b9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to grain offerings that are prepared with **leaven** or **honey**, as described in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “You can offer the grain offerings made with leaven or honey” -2:12 ko94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית 1 The **offering of first things** refers to the sacrifice of a grain offering that consists of the best prdouce of the first harvest of a particular crop. If your language and context possess a word for this concept, consider using it here. -2:12 s2hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ 1 Here the author of Leviticus is speaking of the proscribed grain offering that contains leaven or honey as if it were going up to Yahweh **on the altar.** This depicts the act of burning the grain offering on the altar as converting the offer into smoke that rose up to God in heaven from *the altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but they should not be burned on the altar in a way that causes them to become smoke and go up to Yahweh as a pleasant smell” -2:12 btdw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ 1 The author of Leviticus describes Yahweh accepting the sacrifice with the image of Yahweh enjoying the pleasant-smelling smoke that rises from the burning grain offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the same idea in another way. See how you translated this in [1:9](../01/09.md), [2:2](../02/02.md), and [2:9](../02/09.md). -2:13 ov1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠כָל־קָרְבַּ֣ן מִנְחָתְ⁠ךָ֮ & עַ֥ל כָּל־קָרְבָּנְ⁠ךָ֖ תַּקְרִ֥יב מֶֽלַח׃ס 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **present** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:13 ekv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication בַּ⁠מֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **you will salt** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **salt**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:13 gjig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּמְלָח֒ 1 Unlike [Leviticus 2:11](../02/11.md) and [2:12](../02/12.md), where the second-person pronouns were plural, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the pronoun **you** are singular, even though God is speaking to a group of people. If the switch to a singular form of these pronouns from the plural would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the plural form in your translation. -2:13 hl5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, the author of Leviticus is using the possessive form to describe **salt** that is characterized by **the covenant of your God**. Given the parallel expression in [Numbers 18:19](Num/18/19.md), the implication seems to be that the use of **salt** on grain offerings should remind the Israelites of God’s **covenant**, likely because of salt’s association with preservation and, by extension, permanence. If your language would not use the possessive form to indicate this kind of relationship, you could make the connection explicit. Alternate translation: “the preserving salt that reminds you of the binding and permanent nature of God’s promises to you” -2:14 lg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרִ֖ים & אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרֶֽי⁠ךָ׃ 1 A **grain offering of first ripe grains** is a sacrificial offering that consisted of the first harvest of ripened grains, whether wheat, barley, or corn. If your language or context possesses a term for this portion of the harvest, consider using it here. -2:14 hq1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אָבִ֞יב קָל֤וּי בָּ⁠אֵשׁ֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “tender ears that you have roasted over a fire” -2:14 b2l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָבִ֞יב 1 Here, **tender ears** refers to an intermediate stage in the growth of grain between fruitless stalks and fully ripened produce. If your context and language possess a word for this stage of grain harvesting, consider using it here. -2:14 xgvx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גֶּ֣רֶשׂ 1 Here, **crushed grains** refers to grain, whether wheat, barley, or corn, that has been roughly crushed into large lumps. Alternate translation: “groats” -2:14 tzyl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּרְמֶ֔ל 1 Here, **new corn** refers to the freshly ripened ear of grain, whether wheat, barley, or corn. If your context and language possess a word for this stage of grain harvesting, consider using it here. -2:15 zjrk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַתָּ֤ עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן 1 To **put oil on it** is an idiom that means “to pour oil on top of it.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he should pour oil on it” or, using the second-person, “you should pour oil onto it” -2:15 mcp6 לְבֹנָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this word in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [2:2](../02/02.md). -2:16 ok9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗⁠הּ 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” -2:16 dzz1 אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ֗⁠הּ 1 See how you translated this word in [2:2](../02/02.md) and [2:9](../02/09.md). -2:16 aegf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the grain offering that was described in [2:14](../02/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the memorial portion of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains” +2:12 mmz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:1](../01/01.md), possibly using a verb and a noun that come from the same root in your language. +2:12 b9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to grain offerings that are prepared with **leaven** or **honey**, as described in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “You may offer grain offerings made with leaven or honey” +2:12 ko94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית 1 The expression **offering of first things** refers to a grain offering that consists of the best produce of the first harvest of a particular crop. If your language and culture have a word for this concept, consider using it here, or consider using a general term. +2:12 s2hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ 1 When Leviticus says of grain offerings that contain leaven or honey, **on the altar they will not go up**, it means that the Israelites should not give them to the priests to burn on the altar in a way that causes smoke to go up to Yahweh in heaven from *the altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but you should not have the priests burn them on the altar in a way that causes them to become smoke and go up to Yahweh as a pleasant smell” +2:13 ekv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication בַּ⁠מֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **you will salt** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **salt**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +2:13 gjig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תִּמְלָח֒ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Leviticus uses second-person singular forms in this verse and for the rest of the chapter.. If you have been using second-person plural forms in your translation and switching to singular forms would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use plural forms in your translation. +2:13 hl5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 When Leviticus speaks of **the salt of the covenant of your God**, given the parallel expression **covenant of salt** in [Numbers 18:19](../num/18/19.md), the implication seems to be that the use of **salt** on grain offerings should remind the Israelites of God’s **covenant**, likely because of salt’s association with preservation and, by extension, permanence. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the preserving salt that reminds you of the binding and permanent nature of God’s covenant with you” +2:14 lg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרִ֖ים & אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרֶֽי⁠ךָ׃ 1 A **grain offering of first ripe grains** was a sacrificial offering that consisted of the first harvest of ripened grains, whether wheat, barley, or corn. If your language and culture have a term for this portion of the harvest, consider using it here. If not, you could use a general expression. The UST models one way to do that. +2:14 hq1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אָבִ֞יב קָל֤וּי בָּ⁠אֵשׁ֙ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a tender ear that you have roasted over a fire” +2:14 b2l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָבִ֞יב 1 Here, **a tender ear** refers to an intermediate stage in the growth of wheat or barley grain between fruitless stalks and fully ripened ears. If your culture and language have a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. +2:14 xgvx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גֶּ֣רֶשׂ 1 Here, **crushed grain** refers to harvest grain, whether wheat or barley, that has been roughly crushed into large lumps. Alternate translation: “groats” +2:14 tzyl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּרְמֶ֔ל 1 Here, **a ripe ear** refers to the freshly ripened ear of wheat or barley grain. If your culture and language has a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. +2:16 ok9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗⁠הּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” 2:16 xy46 מִ⁠גִּרְשָׂ⁠הּ֙ 1 See how you translated this word in [2:14](../02/14.md). -2:16 q1of rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מִ⁠גִּרְשָׂ⁠הּ֙ 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the grain offering that was described in [2:14](../02/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the crushed grains of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains” -2:16 frxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁמְנָ֔⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the grain offering that was described in [2:14](../02/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the oil of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains” -2:16 us01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns לְבֹנָתָ֑⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the grain offering that was described in [2:14](../02/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the incense of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains” -2:16 pelm לְבֹנָתָ֑⁠הּ 1 See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 2:1](../02/01.md), [2:2](../02/02.md), and [2:15](../02/15.md). -3:intro ur1s 0 # Leviticus 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to offer a fellowship offering.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Fat\n\nThe fat of the animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, this belonged to Yahweh. This is why the Israelites were not allowed to consume it. -3:1 s18u 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. -3:1 i61a לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh” -3:2 wq58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -3:2 tf9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֛ם 1 It is implied that before they **sprinkle the blood**, they catch blood in a bowl as the it drains from the animal. -3:3 u5fg אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 Here, **the inner parts** refers to the stomach and intestines. -3:4 p1xl הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 The **loins** is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. -3:4 gs74 הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 The **lobe** is the curved or rounded part of the **liver**. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver” -3:5 yv72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה 1 **Yahweh** being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the **aroma** of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -3:7 vda3 לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh” -3:8 j6nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. -3:8 grd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ 1 It is implied that before they **sprinkle** the **blood**, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. -3:9 e5hx אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 The **inner parts** are the stomach and intestines. -3:10 v2hz שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד עַל־ הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 The words **he will remove** can be placed at the beginning of the sentence in verse 9. “he will remove the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” -3:10 qp7h וְ⁠אֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת 1 You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He must remove the kidneys” -3:10 l368 הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 The **loins** is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. -3:10 vg1i הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 The **lobe** is the curved or rounded part of the **liver**. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver” -3:11 w7se וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Translate this in a way that makes it clear that **Yahweh** does not actually eat the **food**. Alternate translation: “will burn those things on the altar as an offering to Yahweh. Those things will come from your food supplies” -3:12 blm6 לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh” -3:13 a245 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -3:13 shc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ 1 It is implied that before they **sprinkle** the **blood**, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. -3:14 j58j וְ⁠הִקְרִ֤יב 1 Here **he** refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -3:16 c52y וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ֥⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ לְ⁠רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ 1 Translate this in a way that it does not seem like Yahweh actually eats the **food**. Alternate translation: “will burn those things on the altar to be an offering to Yahweh. It will be as though they are food given to Yahweh” -3:16 jfy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ 1 Yahweh is pleased with the **aroma** of burning meat when he is pleased with the worshiper’s sincerity. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -3:17 d5fs חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. +3:intro ur1s 0 # Leviticus 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to offer a peace offering. In a similar fashion to Leviticus 1, here Yahweh provides options for sacrifices of peace offerings consisting of bovine, whether male or female (3:1–5) or a flock animal, whether a lamb (3:6–11) or a goat (3:12–16). The chapter ends with an “enduring statute,” applicable to any Israelite, regardless of age or location. This statute entails the proscription of consuming any fat or blood (3:17). \n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n###The peace offering \n[INSERT TEXT]\n\n### Fat\n\nThe fat of the animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, this belonged to Yahweh. This is why the Israelites were not allowed to consume it.\n\n\n###Sprinkling blood\n[INSERT TEXT]\n\n\n###Consuming blood\n[INSERT TEXT] +3:1 c260 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁלָמִ֖ים 1 As the general introduction to this chapter discusses, a **peace offering** is a sacrifice that was intended to promote friendship and fellowship either between an individual and God or between two individuals or parties. As [Leviticus 7:11–21](../07/11.md) describes, peace offerings could take a variety of forms, including as an offering of thanksgiving for God's generosity or deliverance, or as an auxiliary to the fulfillment of a vow. +3:1 ausb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ & ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב & יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 For this and similar expressions throughout this chapter, see how you translated the expression in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [2:4](../02/04.md). +3:1 c4u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ & ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב & יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “your offering…you are presenting…you should present it” +3:1 xipk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אִ֤ם מִן־הַ⁠בָּקָר֙ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב אִם־זָכָר֙ אִם־נְקֵבָ֔ה 1 The word translated **cattle** refers a group of bovines—whether cows, bulls, or oxen. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “if he is presenting from his cows, whether male or female” +3:1 cxo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠בָּקָר֙ 1 The phrase **from the cattle** does not refer to a specific group of animals. It describes any groups of bovines that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the bovines that you own” +3:1 qet0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֥ים יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the word **perfect** here refers to a male or female bovine that is an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “he should offer it, an unblemished bovine” or “a bovine without blemish” or, using the second-person, “you should offer it, a bovine without blemish” +3:1 vh99 יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “he will present it in the presence of Yahweh” or “he should present it within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is” +3:2 lluf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠שְׁחָט֕⁠וֹ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here and throughout this chapter, the word **he** refers to the worshipper and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit, or continue using the second-person pronouns throughout. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice should lay his hand on the head of his offering, and he should slaughter it at the entrance of the tent of meeting” or, using the second-person, “And you should lay your hand on the head of your offering, and you should slaughter it at the entrance of the tent of meeting” +3:2 wq58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔⁠וֹ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he will lay his hand on the head of his offering in order to place his sins on the animal, that they may be removed from him” +3:2 p8xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֛ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), splashing **the blood** of the animal on the **the altar** is a symbolic action. The blood, being the life of the animal ([Leviticus 17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed on the sides of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and the sons of Aaron, the priests, should splash the blood all around on the holy altar in order to keep the altar clean from sin” +3:2 tf9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֛ם 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bovine. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood as it drains from the bovine you have killed, the sons of Aaron, the priests, will splash the blood” +3:2 fyko rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were the “sons of Aaron.” But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants” (with the exception of Leviticus chs. 8–10). Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. +3:3 u5fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 Here, **the fat covering the innards** refers to caul fat, or the thin, lacy membrane that surrounds the internal organs of some animals, such as cows, sheep, and pigs. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. +3:3 t5ou rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב׃ 1 Here, **all the fat that is on the innards** refers to visceral fat, or the fat accumulated within the abdominal wall, which surrounds internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and liver of animals. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. +3:4 z37a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 Here, **the fat that is on them that is near the loins** refers to suet, that is, the hard, lumpy fat that surrounds the kidneys and liver of sheep, goats, and bovines. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. Alternate translation: “and the leaf lard that is accumulated on the loins” +3:4 p1xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 Here, the **loins** refers to that part of a animal’s muscles that resides between the upper part of the hipbone and the last of the false ribs on either side of the backbone. If your language has a word for this choice portion of meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. +3:4 gs74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 The **the lobe on the liver** refers to one of the four curved portions of the liver. Although which of the four lobes of the liver is left unspecified, in the ancient world, the liver’s lobe was considered a delicacy and the choice part of the liver. If your language has a word for this choice portion of meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver” +3:4 augf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַל־הַ⁠כְּלָי֖וֹת יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, **it** refers to **the lobe** of **the liver**. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “he should remove the lobe of the liver with the kidneys,” or, using the second-person, “you should remove the lobe of the liver with the kidneys” +3:5 t26a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 Although the word **it** here is singular, it refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider using a plural pronoun as [3:16](../03/16.md) does, or making this explicit, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron will cause them to become smoke on the altar” +3:5 sbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron will cause it to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” +3:6 uz3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֛⁠וֹ & יַקְרִיבֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:1](../03/01.md). +3:6 tm7a שְׁלָמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated this term in [3:1](../03/01.md). +3:6 g1co מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֧אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:10](../01/10.md). +3:6 pfsm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֧אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific groups of animals. Rather, it describe any groups of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the sheep or goats that he owns” +3:6 eign תָּמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated this term in [3:1](../03/01.md). +3:7 dcyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הֽוּא־מַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠הִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֖⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [3:1](../03/01.md) and [3:6](../03/06.md). +3:7 vda3 לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [3:1](../03/01.md). +3:8 j6nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action. See how you translated this phrase in [3:2](../03/02.md). mal. +3:8 zpyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here, **to the face of the tent of meeting** is an idiom that means “before the tent of meeting” and is synonymous with the expression “at the entrance of the tent of meeting” ([3:2](../03/02.md)). If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before the tent of meeting” or “in front of the tent of meeting” +3:8 kp5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md), sprinkling **the blood** of the animal on the **the altar** is a symbolic action. See how you translated this phrase in [3:2](../03/02.md). +3:8 grd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md), it is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. See how you translated this phrase in [3:2](../03/02.md). +3:8 ausr בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן 1 See how you translated this description of the priests in [3:2](../03/02.md). +3:9 c2bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִ֨יב 1 The word **he** refers to the worshipper, and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And…the one offering the sacrifice will present” or, using the second-person, “And … you should present” +3:9 e5hx חֶלְבּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 Here, **its** refers to the lamb described in [3:7-8](../03/07.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the fat of the lamb that you have sacrificed” +3:9 j687 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָ⁠אַלְיָ֣ה תְמִימָ֔ה 1 Here, the **fatty tail** refers to the fat that accumulates in the hind parts of a sheep on both sides of its tail and on the first few vertebrae of the tail. If your language has a special term for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic phrase, as the UST models. +3:9 q1kt וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). +3:9 on7o וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב׃\n\n 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). +3:10 v2hz וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד\n 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). +3:11 sm2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “and the priest should burn it on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +3:11 eron rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 Although the word **it** here is singular, it refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider using a plural pronoun as [3:16](../03/16.md) does, or making this explicit, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause them to become smoke on the altar” +3:11 w7se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, the phrase **food of a gift to Yahweh** uses the possessive form to describe a **gift to Yahweh** that consists of edible **food**. This does not mean that Yahweh eats the food, only that the offering to Yahweh takes the form of food. If it would be helpful, consider making this more explicit. Alternate translation: “food that you have offered to Yahweh as a gift” or “a gift to Yahweh that consists of food” +3:12 satb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠הִקְרִיב֖⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [3:1](../03/01.md), [3:6](../03/06.md), and [3:7](../03/07.md). +3:12 blm6 לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:1](../03/01.md) and [3:7](../03/07.md). +3:13 a245 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [3:2](../03/02.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md). +3:13 ec0k וְ⁠שָׁחַ֣ט אֹת֔⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:8](../03/08.md). +3:13 oneo וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [3:2](../03/02.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md). +3:13 shc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md), it is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. See how you translated this phrase in [3:2](../03/02.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md). +3:13 rkkp בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן 1 See how you translated this description of the priests in [3:2](../03/02.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md). +3:14 j58j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִ֤יב 1 The word **he** refers to the worshipper and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And…the one offering the sacrifice will present” or, using the second-person, “And … you should present” +3:14 weip אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:3](../03/03.md) and [3:9](../03/09.md). +3:15 s33p וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md) and [3:10](../03/10.md). +3:16 hj5b וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ֥⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:5](../03/05.md) and [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “and the priest should burn them on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +3:16 c52y לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). +3:17 d5fs חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 The expression **An enduring statute for your generations in all your dwelling places** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. It implies that the Israelites should always obey this commandment wherever they live. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “You should always obey this statute for all your generations and in all your dwelling places” +3:17 viwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the word **your** is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer sacrifices, regardless of age or location. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. 3:17 q2wd וְ⁠כָל־ דָּ֖ם 1 Alternate translation: “or consume any blood” 4:intro wrl4 0 # Leviticus 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins. This is known as a sin offering. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Unintentional sins\n\nMany scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus’ life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus. -4:2 zhp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תֶחֱטָ֤א 1 This is a quotation that contains a quotation. You can use an direct quotation instead. “Tell the people of Israel that when anyone sins” -4:2 qh8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the commands of Yahweh that tell people what they must not do” -4:3 g1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠אַשְׁמַ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **guilt**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty” -4:4 xx9l וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־ הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 Alternate translation: “And the high priest must bring the bull” -4:4 zy1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -4:5 m58i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֛ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם 1 It is implied that the priest catches **the blood** in a bowl as it drains from the animal. -4:6 uk96 וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־ 1 Alternate translation: “and drip some of” or “and splatter some of” -4:7 hz2u קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the **altar**. They are shaped like the **horns** of an ox. Alternate translation: “the projections at the corners of the altar of” -4:7 rv1h יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “he will empty out” -4:7 gm5k אֶל־ יְסוֹד֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 Alternate translation: “at the bottom of the altar of” -4:8 rd3l יָרִ֣ים 1 Alternate translation: “the priest will cut away” -4:8 c7cy הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 The **inner parts** are the stomach and intestines. -4:9 vd6f הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 The **loins** is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. -4:9 r448 הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver” -4:11 fr9j וְ⁠אֶת־ ע֤וֹר הַ⁠פָּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ כָּל־ בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠עַל־ כְּרָעָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠קִרְבּ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠פִרְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 You may want to begin this sentence with words that tell your reader that the sentence is very long. “As for the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its inner parts and its dung” -4:12 v3t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָק֤וֹם טָהוֹר֙ 1 A place that is ritually pure and suitable to use for serving God is spoken of as if it were physically **clean**. -4:13 y4sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִ⁠כָּל־ מִצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “commanded them not to do” -4:14 vn62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֽוֹדְעָה֙ הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they realize that they have sinned against it” -4:15 fjs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ֠⁠סָמְכוּ זִקְנֵ֨י הָ⁠עֵדָ֧ה אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֛ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the people with the animal they are offering. In this way the people are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -4:15 a9t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־ הַ⁠פָּ֖ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they will kill the bull” -4:16 l1qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֛יא הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם 1 It is implied that the **priest** caught **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. -4:17 lq1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠פָּרֹֽכֶת 1 It is implied that this is **the curtain** before the most holy place. -4:18 fn7v יִתֵּ֣ן 1 Alternate translation: “the priest will put” -4:18 xn3f קַרְנֹ֣ת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 Here, **the horns of the altar** refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). -4:18 ni6l כָּל־ הַ⁠דָּ֗ם יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “he will pour out the rest of the blood” -4:19 t3pe כָּל־ חֶלְבּ֖⁠וֹ יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר 1 Alternate translation: “he will remove all the fat from the bull and burn the fat” -4:20 k2wc וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest must do” -4:20 t3ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the people’s sins” -4:20 jd5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לָ⁠הֶֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive them” -4:22 xg1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִ⁠כָּל־ מִצְוֺת֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֜י⁠ו אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: from all the things that God has commanded the people not to do” -4:23 g4fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָי⁠ו֙ חַטָּאת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he realizes that he has sinned” -4:24 q1kq וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ 1 Alternate translation: “And the ruler will lay” -4:24 aby2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -4:24 z9vz אֲשֶׁר־ יִשְׁחַ֥ט 1 Alternate translation: “where the priest kills” -4:24 zee3 לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh” -4:25 wnl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם 1 It is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. -4:25 hd5k קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). -4:26 el4n יַקְטִ֣יר 1 Alternate translation: “the priest will burn” -4:26 h9gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the ruler” -4:26 zhk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the ruler’s sins” -4:27 ppx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אַחַ֨ת מִ⁠מִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 All of the people of Israel were commanded not to sin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one thing that Yahweh commanded the people not to do” -4:28 al2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔י⁠ו חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin he committed” -4:29 rup1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -4:30 su7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ 1 It is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the animal. -4:30 zr2b קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the altar, which are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). -4:30 k9y4 כָּל־ דָּמָ֣⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “all the blood remaining in the bowl” -4:31 hmu3 יָסִ֗יר 1 Here **he** refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -4:31 x3cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person cuts away the fat” -4:31 y4ug וְ⁠הִקְטִ֤יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest will burn the fat” -4:31 e8ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 **Yahweh** being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the **aroma** of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -4:31 f423 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the man’s sins” -4:31 rty9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the man’s sins” -4:33 gp8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -4:33 n4w5 אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט 1 Alternate translation: “where the priest kills” -4:34 l4b7 קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). -4:34 k2b9 כָּל־ דָּמָ֣⁠הּ יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ 1 Alternate translation: “he will pour out the rest of its blood” -4:35 z6xq יָסִ֗יר 1 Here, **he** refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -4:35 i2gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־ הַ⁠כֶּשֶׂב֮ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person cuts away the fat of the lamb” -4:35 mpi3 וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָ⁠ם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest will burn the fat” -4:35 sy5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־ חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the sin the person committed” -4:35 m4ms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the man’s sins” +4:1 ymeo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +4:1-2 vi29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel, saying” +4:2 gdkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל 1 This expression speaks of the people of Israel in the time of Moses as if they were literally the **sons of Israel**. It means that they are the physical and spiritual descendants of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” +4:2 skxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל 1 Although the word translated **sons** is masculine and plural, it has a generic sense that applies to both men and women. In your translation, you may wish to use a term that is clearly inclusive of men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” +4:2 hgnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +4:2 wdps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א 1 Although the words translated **A person** and **she** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. As the General Introduction to this chapter suggests, the people of Israel are here referred to using a generic feminine noun, which intentionally balances the use of the generic masculine noun in Lev 1:2. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “Any person when he offers” or “Someone, when he offers” +4:2 lnfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִ⁠שְׁגָגָה֙ מִ⁠כֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 The expression **which will not be done** refers either 1) to **the commands of Yahweh**, that is, to commandments that proscribe certain actions or behaviors. Alternate translation: “when she sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh that say what you should not do” or 2) the act of sinning against God by violating any of **the commands of Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “when she sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh, which is something that you should not do” +4:2 yyyi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִ⁠שְׁגָגָה֙ מִ⁠כֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה 1 The expression **sins…from any of the commands of Yahweh** like refers to either 1) doing wrong against God by not doing something that **the commands of Yahweh** says to do. Alternate translation: “when she sins by mistake by unintentionally not doing something that the commands of Yahweh says you should do” or 2) doing wrong against God by doing something that the commands of Yahweh expressly forbids. Alternate translation: “when she sins by mistake by doing something that the commands of Yahweh says you should not do” +4:2 czo5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠עָשָׂ֕ה מֵ⁠אַחַ֖ת מֵ⁠הֵֽנָּה 1 The expression **from one from them** uses repetition to refer to any individual command from the body of the commands of Yahweh. If your language can use repetition for emphasis in this manner, consider using a similar expression here. If not, then consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he does any one of them” +4:3 iy0r rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result אִ֣ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֧ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֛יחַ יֶחֱטָ֖א לְ⁠אַשְׁמַ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 The expression **sins … to the guilt of the people** refers to an act of wrongdoing against Yahweh that results in the collective suffering of the people in some way. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate explanation: “if the anointed priest sins in such a way that it causes the people to become guilty” +4:3 jsnr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֧ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֛יחַ 1 The **anointed priest** refers to the high priest, or the member of the priest who has been anointed to lead the priesthood. Alternate translation: “the priest whom Yahweh anointed to be high priest” +4:3 g1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠אַשְׁמַ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 The abstract noun **guilt** does not refer to the emotional experience of feeling guilty, but to the legal status of having done wrong and needing to offer restitution for the wrongdoing. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **guilt**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty” +4:3 dr8l וְ⁠הִקְרִ֡יב 1 Alternate translation: “then he should present” +4:3 l49l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֣ל חַטָּאת⁠וֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he sinned** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **sin**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +4:3 hev1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown פַּ֣ר 1 An **bull** is an domesticated, adult male ox or bullock. If your language has a word for this animal, consider using it here. If not, then consider using a generic noun. Alternate translation: “a bull” or “a bovine” +4:3 w2tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר 1 The expression **son of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this male ox as **the son of the cattle** because it is animal that shares the essential qualities of the class of domesticated bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the male ox” or "the bovine" +4:3 wv3q בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר 1 See how you translated the word **cattle** in Lev 1:2 and 3:1. Alternate translation: “a son of the domesticated bovines” +4:3 ixx1 תָּמִ֛ים 1 See how you translated this word in Lev 1:3 and 3:1, 6, and 9. +4:3 hxl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠חַטָּֽאת׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, a **purification offering** is a sacrifice that was offered by an individual person or the community as a whole to purify the sacred altar, the sanctuary, and the sacred objects from impurity, sometimes, but not always, caused by sin. In the present chapter, the **purification offering** purifies the altar from the impurities caused by sin. +4:4 xx9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־ הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 The word **he** refers to the anointed priest, that is, to the high priest who has unintentionally sinned and made the people guilty. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest should bring the bull” +4:4 z9am לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “to the presence of Yahweh” or “to the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is” +4:4 zy1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [3:2](../03/02.md), [3:8](../03/08.md), and [3:15](../03/15.md). +4:4 yejs וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֖ר לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). +4:5 m58i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֛ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֑ר 1 It is implied that **the high priest** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bovine. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar, before applying it to the altar in the manner that [4:6–7](../04/06.md) describes. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “After catching the blood in a bowl as it drains from the bull that he slaughtered, the anointed priest should take some of the blood of the bull” +4:5 i2aa הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the high priest in [4:3](../04/03.md). +4:6 hnz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Here, to sprinkle the blood of the bull **to the face of Yahweh** means literally to sprinkle the blood in the direction of the **curtain of the holy place**, which separated the worshipper from the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “And he should sprinkle some of the blood seven times in the direction of the Holy of Holies, where Yahweh sits enthroned above the cherubim of the ark of the covenant” +4:6 uk96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ 1 Whereas the blood is splattered against the altar in [1:5](../01/05.md), [1:11](../01/11.md), [3:2](../03/02.md), [3:8](../03/08.md), and [3:13](../03/13.md), here, in a similar symbolic action, the high priest **sprinkles** the blood on the altar and the curtain with his finger. The blood, being the life of the animal ([Leviticus 17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify and remove the defiling impurities caused by the high priests’ unintentional sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and he should sprinkle some of the blood seven times in order to clean the sacred place from the defiling impurities of sin” +4:6 z4pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ 1 The **face of the curtain** is an idiom that means the front of the curtain. If your language has a similar idiom consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the front of the curtain” +4:6 htr0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ 1 The **curtain of the holy place** was a thick veil of blue, purple, and scarlet linen that hung between the holy place of the altar and the holy of holies, as described in [Exodus 26:31–35](exod/26/31.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the front of the sacred veil that separates the holy of holies from the rest of the sanctuary” +4:7 c0um rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠נָתַן֩ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם עַל־קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 This is a symbolic action. By daubing the blood on the extremities of the altar, the priest is ritually removing the impurities caused by the unintentional sin from the sacred altar. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “And the priest should put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of incense of the spices in order to purify the altar from the defiling impurities caused by the priest’s unintentional sin” +4:7 rrcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the **altar**. They are shaped like the **horns** of an ox. Alternate translation: “the horn-shaped projections at the corners of the altar of incense of the spices” +4:7 n7r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 The **altar of incense of the spices** refers to the place where priests burned fragrance incense twice a day, located directly in front of the curtain which separated the holy of holies from the rest of the sanctuary. It is described in detail in [Exodus 30:1–10](exod/30/01.md). Alternate translation: “the altar of the fragrant incenses” +4:7 hgoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Because this verse specifies that the incense altar is located inside the **tent of meeting**, here the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means directly in front of the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “in the sacred vicinity of the tent of meeting where Yahweh ” or “directly in front of the Yahweh’s presence in the Holy of Holies +4:7 w9my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 Given that the priest has just sprinkled some of **the blood** and dripped some of the blood on **the horns of the altar**, the phrase **all the blood of the bull** refers to the blood that remains after these first two applications. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the remaining blood of the bull” +4:7 gm5k אֶל־ יְסוֹד֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 Alternate translation: “on the base of the altar of” +4:8 opbk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 The word **he** here could refers to the anointed priest, that is the high priest, because, in this situation, he is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrificial rite. If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest should lift up from it” +4:8 rd3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 The expression **he will lift up from it** is an idiom that means to carefully remove and set aside. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a verb that expresses the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will trim from it and set it aside” +4:8 c7cy אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה עַל־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). +4:8 vd6f וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). +4:9 r448 וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). +4:9 li4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה׃ 1 As in [3:4](../03/04.md), [3:10](../03/10.md), and [3:15](../03/15.md), the one who removes the fat from the sacrificial animal is the worshipper, not the priest. However, because here the anointed priest, that is the high priest, is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrificial rite, the word **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest should remove it” +4:10 dy4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִ⁠שּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 Here, **it** refers to all the fat that was described in the instructions about peace offerings in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “just as the fat is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offering” +4:10 xvzf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִ⁠שּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as it would be removed from the ox of the purification offering” +4:10 cded rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as the individual removed the fat” or, if you used the second-person in chapter 3, “just as you removed the fat” +4:10 peg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן 1 Here, **them** refers to all the pieces of fat and the internal organs described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should cause all the fat pieces and the internal organs to become smoke” +4:10 ub9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn them on the altar and cause them to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +4:11 fr9j ???? וְ⁠אֶת־ ע֤וֹר הַ⁠פָּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ כָּל־ בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠עַל־ כְּרָעָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠קִרְבּ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠פִרְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 This list of animal parts tells the reader what is meant by the expression “all of the bull” in [4:12](../04/12.md). If this would be unclear, consider using a phrase to indicate that this list introduces the subject of the verse, which will be restated in [4:12](../04/12.md). Alternate translation: “As for the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” +4:11 ovny וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “all of the bull’s meat” +4:12 xwxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הוֹצִ֣יא 1 Here, **he** cannot refer to the priest making the sacrifice, because this action would cause the priest to become impure. Rather, it refers to another, unspecified Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And someone else should bring out” +4:12 qm4z אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠⁠פָּר 1 Alternate translation: “all these pieces of the bull” +4:12 hgo6 אֶל־שֶׁ֣פֶךְ הַ⁠דֶּ֔שֶׁן & עַל־שֶׁ֥פֶךְ הַ⁠דֶּ֖שֶׁן יִשָּׂרֵֽף 1 The **pouring out place of the fatty ashes** is equivalent to the “place of the fatty ashes” referenced in [1:16](../01/16.md). See how you translated the similar phrase there. +4:12 q856 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person other than the priest should burn it” +4:13 mv5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם דָּבָ֔ר מֵ⁠עֵינֵ֖י הַ⁠קָּהָ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the assembly does not realize that they have sinned” +4:13 y4sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ֠⁠עָשׂוּ אַחַ֨ת מִ⁠כָּל־מִצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md). +4:14 vn62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֽוֹדְעָה֙ הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and then they realize the sin that they sinned concerning it” +4:14 ljz4 הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). +4:14 m8a5 עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 Alternate translation: “against it” +4:14 vtgc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 Here, **it** refers to the commands of Yahweh mentioned in [4:13](../04/13.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “with regards to the commands of Yahweh” +4:14 a7xa וְ⁠הִקְרִ֨יבוּ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:5](../03/05.md) and [4:10](../04/10.md). +4:14 jiw5 פַּ֤ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). +4:14 lv4s לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:7](../03/07.md) and [3:12](../03/12.md). +4:15 fjs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ֠⁠סָמְכוּ זִקְנֵ֨י הָ⁠עֵדָ֧ה אֶת־יְדֵי⁠הֶ֛ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַ⁠פָּ֖ר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [4:4](../04/04.md). +4:15 ukae לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה & לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:4](../04/04.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is” +4:15 kvnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֖ר 1 Here, **he** refers not to the priest, but to an individual member of the **elders of the congregation** mentioned in this verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject plain. Alternate translation: “And one of the elders of the congregation will slaughter the bull” +4:16 l1qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֛יא הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם 1 As in [4:5](../04/05.md), it is implied that the **priest** caught **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. See how you conveyed this implied information in that verse. +4:16 hti0 הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ 1 As in [4:5](../04/05.md), it is implied that the **priest** caught **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. See how you conveyed this implied information in that verse. +4:17 caw8 וְ⁠טָבַ֧ל הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֶצְבָּע֖⁠וֹ מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest will dip his finger in some of the blood” +4:17 zoh0 וְ⁠הִזָּ֞ה שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠פָּרֹֽכֶת 1 See how you translated these expressions in [4:6](../04/06.md). +4:18 tsse יִתֵּ֣ן & יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ 1 Here, and in the verses 18–20, the word **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest will put … the priest will pour out” +4:18 xn3f קַרְנֹ֣ת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:7](../04/07.md). +4:18 c8oi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֲשֶׁר֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּ⁠אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 The **altar that is to the face of Yahweh, which is in the tent of meeting** is identical to the “altar of incense of the spices” referenced in [4:7](../04/07.md). See how you translated these expressions there. +4:18 ni6l כָּל־ הַ⁠דָּ֗ם יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “the remaining blood of the bull” +4:19 wo2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֥ת כָּל־חֶלְבּ֖⁠וֹ 1 The expression **all of its fat** refers to the portions of the bull’s fat and internal organs as described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and all of the bull’s fat, including the fat covering over the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is near the loins, and the lobe on the liver” +4:19 t3pe יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:8](../04/08.md). +4:19 shyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Although it is ambiguous, unlike [4:8](../04/08.md), here **he** likely refers to the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md) and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the elder of the congregation who slaughtered the animal should lift up from it” +4:19 bbhn וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:10](../04/10.md). +4:20 tsy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If your language can repeat phrases for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider combining the phrases. Alternate translation: “And he should do for the bull just as he did for the bull of the purification offering” +4:20 k2wc וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר & עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “And he should prepare the bull ... he prepared the bull ... thus he should prepare it” +4:20 gdgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 As in [4:19](../04/19.md), here **he** refers to the worshipper, likely the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat should do for the bull … thus the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat should do with it” +4:20 kird rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את 1 Because it was the anointed priest who prepared the **bull of the purification offering** as described in [4:3–12](../04/03.md), in this case, the word **he** refers to the anointed priest, not to the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who is the subject of the other verbs in this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the subject explicit here. Alternate translation: “just as the anointed priest did with the bull of the purification offering that he offered because of his own unintentional sin” +4:20 s2f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the past tense to describe previous action, as if he is here referring to a specific past instance where the individual prepared a peace offering. Rather, the past tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “just as one might do with the bull of the purification offering” +4:20 t3ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The word translated **atonement** may have originally indicated either the “covering” or the “wiping away” of sin. Either way, by the time of Leviticus it indicated that the sacrifice would be accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that had been damaged or defiled by sin. Consider using a word or phrase that coveys this idea effectively in your language. See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternative translation: “And the priest will restore them” +4:20 q33o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לָ⁠הֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the community committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the unintentional sin of the community will be forgiven for them” +4:20 jd5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לָ⁠הֶֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the community for their sins”em” +4:21 vvgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הוֹצִ֣יא אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 As in [4:12](../04/12.md), the word **he** cannot refer to the priest making the sacrifice, because this action would cause the priest to become impure. Rather, it refers to another, unspecified Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And someone else should bring out the bull” +4:21 bves rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 Because [4:20](../04/20.md), instructs the community to prepare the bull in the same manner that the high priest prepared the bull for his purification offering (in [4:8–10](../04/08.md)), here **the bull** refers to the pieces of the bull that are not burned on the altar, as listed in [4:11](../04/11.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” +4:21 zg6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֖ת הַ⁠פָּ֣ר הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 The phrase **the first bull** refers to the bull offered and prepared by the anointed priest, as described in [4:3–12](../04/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the bull that the high priest offered for his purification offering” +4:22 xg1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠עָשָׂ֡ה אַחַ֣ת מִ⁠כָּל־מִצְוֺת֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֜י⁠ו אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָה בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md) and [4:13](../04/13.md). +4:23 jwgw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 The expression **his sin that he has sinned in it** uses repetition for emphasis. If your language can use repetition for emphasis in this manner, consider using a similar expression here. If not, then consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the sin that he committed” +4:23 g4fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֽוֹ־הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָי⁠ו֙ חַטָּאת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or he becomes aware of the sin that he has sinned in it” +4:23 r7o2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים 1 The expression **a buck of the goats** refers to a male goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a male goat, consider using it here, or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a male goat” +4:23 lvq3 תָּמִֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this term in [4:3](../04/03.md). +4:24 q1kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ & וְ⁠שָׁחַ֣ט 1 The word **he** here refers to the “leader” whose unintentional sin requires a purification offering ([4:22](../04/03.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the leader should lay…and the leader should slaughter” +4:24 aby2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַ⁠שָּׂעִ֔יר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [4:4](../04/04.md) and [4:15](../04/15.md). +4:24 z9vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בִּ⁠מְק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה 1 Here, **he** does not refer specifically to the leader whose purification offering the current section discusses, but refers generally to any person who offers a burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the place where someone would slaughter the burnt offering” +4:24 zee3 לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:7](../04/07.md) and [4:15](../04/15.md). +4:25 wnl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם 1 As before, it is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. See how you translated this expression in [4:5](../04/05.md) and [4:16](../04/16.md). +4:25 hd5k קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 While noting that here the priest drips **the blood** on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering rather than on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense, see how you translated these expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md) and [4:18](../04/18.md). +4:25 chb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־דָּמ֣⁠וֹ 1 As in [4:18](../04/18.md) and [4:7](../04/07.md), the phrase **its blood** refers to the blood that remains after applying some of the blood to the horns of the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the remaining blood of the goat” +4:26 sgvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 The phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the goat described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:14–15](../03/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the goat’s fat, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” +4:26 el4n יַקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [4:10](../04/10.md) and [4:19](../04/19.md). +4:26 vunv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כְּ⁠חֵ֖לֶב זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 The expression **like the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “in the same manner that the priest would cause the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings to become smoke on the altar” +4:26 h9gk וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). +4:26 f786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the leader committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the leader’s unintentional sin will be forgiven for them” +4:26 zhk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the ruler for his unintentional sin” +4:27 phzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אִם־נֶ֧פֶשׁ אַחַ֛ת 1 As in [4:2](../04/02.md), the words translated **person** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “And if any person” or “And if an individual” +4:27 kv6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠עַ֣ם הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The expression **the people of the land** refers to individuals who live (or will live in the future) in the land of Israel, excluding the king, the high priest, and the leader previously referenced in this chapter. If this would be unclear in your context, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “from the common people who live in the land of Israel” +4:27 ppx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֠⁠עֲשֹׂתָ⁠הּ אַחַ֨ת מִ⁠מִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by doing one thing that Yahweh commanded the people not to do” +4:28 barn חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א & עַל־חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא׃ 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). +4:28 al2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔י⁠ו חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin that he has sinned” +4:28 mgqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִירַ֤ת עִזִּים֙ 1 The expression **a doe of the goats** refers to a female goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a female goat, consider using it here, or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a female goat” or “a she-goat” +4:28 b3et תְּמִימָ֣ה 1 See how you translated this term in [4:3](../04/03.md) and [4:23](../04/23.md). +4:29 rup1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [4:4](../04/04.md), [4:15](../04/15.md), and [4:24](../04/24.md). +4:29 hqed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠מְק֖וֹם הָ⁠עֹלָֽה 1 The **place of the burnt offering** is identical to “the place where he slaughters the burnt offering to the face of Yahweh” in [4:24](../04/24.md). If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the same place where people slaughter the animals for the burnt offering” +4:30 su7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ בְּ⁠אֶצְבָּע֔⁠וֹ 1 As before, it is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. See how you translated this expression in [4:5](../04/05.md), [4:16](../04/16.md) and [4:25](../04/25.md). +4:30 zr2b קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md). +4:30 k9y4 וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “the remaining blood of the goat” +4:30 kqw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 Although unspecified, it is likely that the **altar** mentioned here is the same **altar of the burnt offering** that is referred to in this verse, which is also the place where **the blood** of the sacrificial animal is poured out in the similar expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md), [4:18](../04/18.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the identity of the altar explicit, or using an identifying adjective as the UST models. Alternate translation: “toward the base of the altar of the burnt offering” +4:31 m5yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣⁠הּ 1 As in [4:26](../04/26.md), the phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the goat described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:14–15](../03/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the goat’s fat, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” +4:31 hmu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:20](../04/20.md), here, **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the purification offering should remove” +4:31 x3cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person would remove the fat” +4:31 lo98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” +4:31 y4ug וְ⁠הִקְטִ֤יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:10](../04/10.md), [4:19](../04/19.md), and [4:26](../04/26.md). +4:31 e8ap לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:5](../03/05.md) and [3:16](../03/16.md). +4:31 f423 וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you handled this expression involving an abstract noun in [4:20](../04/20.md) and [4:26](../04/26.md). +4:31 rty9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the inidivual’s sins” +4:32 fcuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אִם־כֶּ֛בֶשׂ יָבִ֥יא קָרְבָּנ֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, the words **he** and **his** refer to the individual from the people of the land referred to in [4:27–28](../04/27.md). If it would be unclear in your language that these words refer to the same individual as the previous section, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “But if that individual brings a lamb as his offering” +4:32 sqnk תְמִימָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this term in [4:3](../04/03.md), [4:23](../04/23.md), and [4:28](../04/28.md). +4:33 gp8z וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֑את 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [4:4](../04/04.md), [4:15](../04/15.md), [4:24](../04/24.md), and [4:29](../04/29.md). +4:33 n4w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בִּ⁠מְק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָֽה׃ 1 As in [4:24](../04/24.md), **he** does not refer specifically to the individual whose purification offering the current section discusses, but refers generally to any person who kills an animal in order to offer a burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the place where someone would slaughter the burnt offering” +4:34 swdg וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ בְּ⁠אֶצְבָּע֔⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled the information implied in the similar expressions in [4:5](../04/05.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). +4:34 l4b7 קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md) and [4:30](../04/30.md). +4:34 k2b9 וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣⁠הּ 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:30](../04/30.md). +4:34 iq0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 Although unspecified, it is likely that the **altar** mentioned here is the same **altar of the burnt offering** that is referred to in this verse, which is also the place where **the blood** of the sacrificial animal is poured out in the similar expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md), [4:18](../04/18.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the identity of the altar explicit, or using an identifying adjective as the UST models. Alternate translation: “toward the base of the altar of the burnt offering” +4:35 pl3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣⁠ה 1 As in [4:26](../04/26.md) and [4:31](../04/31.md), the phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the lamb described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:9–10](../03/09.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the lamb’s fat, including the entire fatty tail, the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that {is} on them that {is} by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” +4:35 z6xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:31](../04/31.md), here, **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the purification offering should remove” +4:35 gqlb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַ⁠כֶּשֶׂב֮ מִ⁠זֶּ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md) and [4:31](../04/31.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat of the lamb would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” +4:35 i2gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַ⁠כֶּשֶׂב֮ מִ⁠זֶּ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person who offers a lamb as a sacrifice of peace offerings removes the fat of that lamb” +4:35 mpi3 וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [4:10](../04/10.md), [4:19](../04/19.md), [4:26](../04/26.md), and [4:31](../04/31.md). +4:35 t7jx עַ֖ל אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive expressions in [2:3](../02/03.md) and [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “on the sacrifices that people offer as gifts to Yahweh” +4:35 sy5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־ חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled this expression involving an abstract noun in [4:20](../04/20.md), [4:26](../04/26.md), and [4:31](../04/31.md). +4:35 m4ms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the individual of his sin” 5:intro dfg1 0 # Leviticus 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Not testifying\n\nIf a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n### Sacrifices for the poor\n\nThis chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices. -5:1 rx2n 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -5:2 ix6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor טָמֵא֒ & טְמֵאָ֗ה & טְמֵאָ֔ה & טָמֵ֑א & טָמֵ֖א 1 Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. -5:2 e821 בְ⁠נִבְלַ֨ת & בְּ⁠נִבְלַת֙ & בְּ⁠נִבְלַ֖ת 1 Alternate translation: “it be the dead body of … the dead body of … the dead body of” -5:3 kp8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **uncleanness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “if he touches anything that makes a person unclean” -5:3 b9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת & טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ & יִטְמָ֖א 1 Something that Yahweh has declared unfit for a person to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. +5:1 rx2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נֶ֣פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֗א וְ⁠שָֽׁמְעָה֙ 1 Although the words translated **A person** and **she** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “And any person when he sins, and he hears” or “And someone, when he sins, and he hears” +5:1 a833 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ק֣וֹל אָלָ֔ה 1 The **sound of a curse** is an idiom that refers to someone hearing a publicly spoken imprecatory curse against the perpetrator of a crime which has harmed the individual who speaks the curse (see the parallel text in [Proverbs 29:24](prov/29/24.md)). The implication of this verse is that if the individual who hears the curse against the perpetrator of the crime fails to testify against that individual in the context of the court system, then he must **carry his iniquity** (for this phrase, see the next note). Alternate translation: “someone pronouncing a curse against someone who has wronged them” +5:1 erm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ 1 The expression **he will carry his iniquity** refers to being responsible to make restitution for the guilt acquired by an individual’s wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he must bear his iniquity” or, to avoid the abstract noun, “and he is now responsible to make restitution for his wrongdoing” +5:2 nz0p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע֮ 1 Although the words translated **A person** and **she** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “any person when he touches” or “someone, when he touches” +5:2 ix6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָמֵא֒ & טְמֵאָ֗ה & טְמֵאָ֔ה & טָמֵ֑א & טָמֵ֖א 1 For an object or body to be **unclean** means that it has acquired impurity through its proximity to death. In ancient Israel, this impurity was seen to pollute the holy space where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, and could desecrate the sacred items that were consecrated to him. Consequently, anything impure or unclean was not allowed to enter sacred space or touch anything unclean. +5:2 kw6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְ⁠נִבְלַ֨ת חַיָּ֜ה טְמֵאָ֗ה 1 The expression **the dead body of an unclean wild animal** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe the carcass of any wild animal that an Israelite might encounter. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any unclean wild animal” +5:2 gh1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠נִבְלַת֙ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה 1 The expression **the unclean dead body of a domesticated animal** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe the carcass of any domesticated animal that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the unclean dead body of any of your domesticated animals” +5:2 tkk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠נִבְלַ֖ת שֶׁ֣רֶץ טָמֵ֑א 1 The expression **the dead body of an unclean swarming animal** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe the carcass of any winged, swarming insect that an Israelite might encounter. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any unclean swarming animal that you come across” +5:2 kf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize that he touched something unclean” or “and he does not know that he touched something unclean” +5:2 a2xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אָשֵֽׁם 1 Here, to become **guilty** means to enter into a legal state of needing to provide reparations for wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional. As the General Introduction to the chapter discusses, this kind of guilt results in the need for the **guilt offering** by which a person atoned for himself and made reparation for the impurity that he brought into the sacred space by his wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “and he needs to provide reparation for his wrongdoing” +5:3 kp8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns א֣וֹ כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Or if he touches a human body in a way that makes him unclean” +5:3 dmsx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 The expression **the uncleanness of a man** uses the possessive form to refer to the uncleanness that is acquired from a human source. Alternate translation: “the uncleanness that comes from a person” +5:3 fuj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לְ⁠כֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he sinned** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **sin**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +5:3 ymu7 לְ⁠כֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “with regard to all of a person's sins by which he sins” +5:3 twrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְ⁠כֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, **his** refers to the **man** mentioned earlier in the verse, which itself, although masculine, has a generic sense that refers to any human being, whether living or dead. If it would helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “with regard to any uncleanness that comes from a human being, whether living or dead” or, to avoid the abstract noun “with regard to any contact with a person, whether living or dead, that makes him unclean” +5:3 b9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת & טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ & יִטְמָ֖א 1 See how you translated these words in [5:2](../05/02.md). 5:3 k7l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it” -5:4 l73y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א בִ⁠שְׂפָתַ֜יִם 1 Here, **lips** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “if anyone swears rashly” -5:4 g4f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א 1 This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person **swears** the oath that he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. -5:6 fj3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” -5:8 bz85 וּ⁠מָלַ֧ק אֶת־ רֹאשׁ֛⁠וֹ מִ⁠מּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹ֥א יַבְדִּֽיל 1 Alternate translation: “And he will kill it by twisting its head and breaking its neck, but he will not remove the head” -5:10 t4n3 כַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 Alternate translation: “as Yahweh has instructed” -5:10 sf4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” -5:10 v199 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the person” -5:11 cq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָ⁠אֵפָ֛ה 1 An ephah is 22 liters. A **tenth of an ephah** is about two liters. +5:4 g4f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א 1 This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person **swears** the oath, he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. +5:4 so0x נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation “any person when he swears” or “someone, when he swears” +5:4 l73y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א בִ⁠שְׂפָתַ֜יִם 1 Here, **with two lips** refers to the words that the person speaks. Alternate translation: “by speaking rashly with their words” +5:4 x743 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ֠⁠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָ⁠אָדָ֛ם בִּ⁠שְׁבֻעָ֖ה 1 Although the words translated **a man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who speaks rashly while swearing an oath. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “with regard to everything that a person speaks rashly in an oath” +5:4 nre6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it” +5:4 pftx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠אַחַ֥ת מֵ⁠אֵֽלֶּה 1 The phrase **from these things** refers to the ways of sinning unintentionally, as described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). +5:5 nt5r לְ⁠אַחַ֣ת מֵ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:4](../05/04.md). +5:5 zzqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִ֨תְוַדָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א עָלֶֽי⁠הָ׃ 1 As in [4:14](../04/14.md), the phrase **regarding it** refers to the commands of Yahweh mentioned in [4:13](../04/13.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he should confess that which he sinned with regards to the commands of Yahweh” +5:6 x2i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֡ה 1 Here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt that it did in [5:2–5](../05/02.md). Rather, it refers to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “Then he should bring the sacrifice required to atone for his guilt to Yahweh” +5:6 twdf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֡ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was were Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is tantamount to bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he should bring his guilt to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +5:6 b75l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאת⁠וֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md) and [4:28](../04/28.md). +5:6 tn5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נְקֵבָ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֥אן 1 The expression **a female from the flock** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe any individual sheep or goat that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a female flock animal that he owns” +5:6 go0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֥אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific groups of animals. Rather, it describe any groups of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. See how you translated this expression in [1:10](../01/10.md) and [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “from the flock animals that he owns” +5:6 kktf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כִּשְׂבָּ֛ה אֽוֹ־שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 Here, a **lamb** or **doe of the goats** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe any individual sheep or goat that an Israelite might own. Alternate translation: “any lamb or any female goat from the goats that you own” +5:6 vrib שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [4:23](../04/23.md) and [4:28](../04/28.md). +5:6 haku וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאתֽ⁠וֹ׃ 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest will make atonement for him for his sin.” +5:6 fj3k וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [4:20](../04/20.md), [4:26](../04/26.md), [4:31](../04/31.md), and [4:35](../04/35.md). +5:7 uz2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־לֹ֨א תַגִּ֣יע יָד⁠וֹ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ 1 The expression **if his hand does not touch enough flock animals** is an idiom that refers to being too poor to afford to offer one’s own flock animal or to purchase another’s flock animal. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is too poor to offer his own flock animal or to purchase someone else’s” +5:7 llw0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns שֶׂה֒ 1 In this verse, the word **flock animal** is singular in form, but it refers to all domesticated animals that are herded as a flock, usually sheep and goats, as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “sheep or goats” +5:7 gm7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 The expression **his guilt that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from 5:6. Alternate translation: “then he should bring his guilt for his sin that he sinned” +5:7 ugl5 וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:7 tgyj תֹרִ֛ים & בְנֵֽי־יוֹנָ֖ה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:14](../01/14.md). +5:7 f37p לְ⁠חַטָּ֖את & לְ⁠עֹלָֽה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:3](../01/03.md) and [4:3](../04/03.md). +5:8 yeet וְ⁠הִקְרִ֛יב 1 In this verse and the next, **he** refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and the priest should present” +5:8 bz85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠מּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖⁠וֹ 1 The expression **from the back of its neck** refers to the nape of the neck. The priest was instructed to take hold of this location on the bird, and twist, such that the bird was killed, but the head was not removed completely. If your language has a term for this part of a bird’s body, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “from the nape of the bird’s neck” +5:9 e1cy וְ⁠הִזָּ֞ה מִ⁠דַּ֤ם 1 See how you handled the implied information in this symbolic action in [1:5](../01/05.md), [1:11](../01/11.md), [3:2](../03/02.md), [3:8](../03/08.md), and [3:13](../03/13.md). +5:9 d3jq וְ⁠הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֣ר בַּ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood” +5:9 uh1v יִמָּצֵ֖ה אֶל־יְס֣וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Alternate translation: “he will squeeze out on the base of the altar” +5:10 ens1 וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה עֹלָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “And the second, he will prepare as a burnt offering” +5:10 t4n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 The phrase **according to the regulation** refers to the commandments and instructions of Yahweh given to the people of Israel, likely the regulations for burnt offerings that Yahweh gave in Lev 1. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “according to the instructions and commands that Yahweh previously gave to the people of Israel” +5:10 xgmn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א 1 Here, the words **him**, **his**, and **he** refer not to the priest, but to the individual who acquired guilt by sinning in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest will make atonement for the individual from his sin that he sinned, and it will be forgiven to that individual” +5:10 sf4t וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:10 lm1w מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א 1 See how you handled the poetic repetition of words in the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:10 v199 וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md), [4:26](../04/26.md), [4:31](../04/31.md), and [4:35](../04/35.md). +5:11 l7oh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־לֹא֩ תַשִּׂ֨יג יָד֜⁠וֹ לִ⁠שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֗ים אוֹ֮ לִ⁠שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 Like the similar expression in [5:7](../04/26.md), the phrase **if his hand does not reach two turtledoves or two sons of a pigeon** is an idiom that refers to being too poor to afford to purchase one of these kinds of birds for a sacrifice. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is too poor to purchase two turtledoves or two sons of a pigeon for himself” +5:11 suid תֹרִ֗ים & בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 See how you translated these terms in [5:7](../05/07.md). +5:11 id4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֜⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 As in [5:7](../05/07.md), the expression **his offering that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from 5:6. Alternate translation: “then he should bring his offering for his sin that he sinned” +5:11 cq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָ⁠אֵפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת 1 An **ephah** is an ancient measurement of volume equivalent to approximately 22.8 liters. Consequently, a **tenth of an ephah** is a little more than two liters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “about two liters of flour” 5:11 lta4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction עֲשִׂירִ֧ת 1 A **tenth** is one part out of ten equal parts. -5:12 hn99 וֶ⁠הֱבִיאָ⁠הּ֮ 1 Alternate translation: “And he must bring the fine flour” -5:12 u4a3 אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠ה֙ 1 The **memorial offering** is the handful that the priest burns on the altar represents the entire offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/02.md). -5:13 g136 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” -5:13 zpm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive that person’s sins” -5:15 at39 נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 This means the person sinned by not giving to **Yahweh** what Yahweh commanded him to give. Alternate translation: “If a person sins by failing to give to Yahweh what belongs to Yahweh” -5:16 rlc3 וְ⁠אֶת־ חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 This means the person must pay an extra **one-fifth** of the value of what he owes to Yahweh. +5:11 opzs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֥י חַטָּ֖את הִֽיא 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because it is a purification offering” +5:12 hn99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וֶ⁠הֱבִיאָ⁠הּ֮ 1 Here, **it** refers to the tenth of an ephah of flour mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he should bring the tenth of an ephah of flour” +5:12 f7f8 וְ⁠קָמַ֣ץ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ מִ֠מֶּ⁠נָּה מְל֨וֹא קֻמְצ֜⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). +5:12 wdcd וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה עַ֖ל אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:35](../04/35.md). +5:12 vzu4 וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:5](../03/05.md) and [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn it on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +5:13 g136 וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:10](../05/10.md). +5:13 o7ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־חַטָּאת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א מֵֽ⁠אַחַ֥ת מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 The expression **from one from these** refers to the commandments of Yahweh that the individual sinned and violated in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “for his sin that he sinned with regard to one of these ways of violating God’s commandments that pertain to ways a person can unintentionally become legally guilty” +5:13 vf2m עַל־חַטָּאת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א 1 See how you translated these poetically repeated terms in [4:27](../04/27.md), [4:35](../04/35.md), and the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:13 zpm8 וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:10](../05/10.md). +5:13 jpzd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָיְתָ֥ה לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The expression **it will be for the priest** means that the portion of the tenth of an ephah of flour that is not burned as part of the memorial portion (as described in [5:12](../05/12.md)) should belong to the priest performing the sacrifice as food, just as is the case with the portion of the **grain offering** that is not burnt as part of the memorial portion. Alternate translation: “And the remaining portion of the flour that is not burned as part of the memorial portion should belong to the priest as food” +5:14 ymzk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +5:15 at39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תִמְעֹ֣ל 1 As in [5:1](../05/01.md) and [5:2](../05/02.md), although the words translated **A person** and **she** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “Any person, when he trespasses” or “Someone, when he trespasses” +5:15 sst7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **she trespasses** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **trespass**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +5:15 peon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **sins…from the holy things of Yahweh** means to violate God’s commands regarding the proper treatment of the sacred space and the sacred objects related to the worship of Yahweh. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and she sins by mistake with regard to the sacred space and the sacred objects consecrated to Yahweh” +5:15 mcd6 וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md) and [4:27](../04/27.md). +5:15 vtk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨⁠וֹ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֜ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was were Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is tantamount to bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he should bring his guilt to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +5:15 yhj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨⁠וֹ 1 As in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:7](../05/07.md), here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt but to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he should bring the sacrifice required to atone for his guilt” +5:15 sx6a תָּמִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this term in [4:32](../04/32.md). +5:15 gfnv מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֗אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:15 cjex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ 1 The expression **in your valuation** refers to the process of determining how much the ram described in this verse would be worth in weight, using the **the shekel of the holy place** as a base measurement of weight. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “with your assessment of the value of the ram in silver” +5:15 hf2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ 1 Even though Yahweh is speaking to a group of people, **you** is singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. +5:15 nwrl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֥ים בְּ⁠שֶֽׁקֶל־הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 A **silver shekel** that was used in **the holy place** was an ancient measurement of the weight of silver that function as currency, equivalent to approximately 10 grams or two-fifths of an ounce of silver. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values of silver, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. Instead, consider using a generic phrase. Alternate translation: “in your valuation, the standard weight of silver that is used in the holy place” +5:15 rptx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **holy place** is another way of saying the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the holy space of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +5:15 ozia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠אָשָֽׁם 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, the **guilt offering** was a special kind of sacrifice that made restitution for the desecrated object that was was mishandled by the individual who sinned unintentionally with regard to the sacred objects consecrated to Yahweh. +5:16 gao6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א מִן־הַ⁠קֹּ֜דֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּ֗ם 1 This does not mean “he must replace” which would imply that the guilty individual must physically replace the desecrated object in the sacred tent. Rather, the expression **he will restore** refers to the process of bringing the worth of the object in silver (in addition to one-fifth of its value) to the priest as part of the sacrifice. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “And he should make restitution for that which he which he sinned” +5:16 rlc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א 1 The expression **that which he sinned** refers to the specific sacred object that the person desecrated by mishandling it according to the commandments of Yahweh regarding the proper treatment of sacred objects. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the item that he desecrated by mishandling it and therefore sinned” +5:16 zf4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִן־הַ⁠קֹּ֜דֶשׁ 1 The expression **from the holy thing** refers to the sacred items that are consecrated to Yahweh for special use in the sacred tent. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “regarding the sacred items that are consecrated to Yahweh” +5:16 nl4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **it** refers to **that which he sinned**. However, the expressions **a fifth of it** and **he will add to it** do not refer to the addition of a physical portion of the sacred object. Rather, here **it** refers to the item’s monetary value. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and a fifth of the value of the sacred object, he should add to the value of that object” 5:16 g15p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ 1 The **one-fifth** is one part out of five equal parts. -5:16 c3af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” -5:16 c61p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive that person” -5:17 aht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אַחַת֙ מִ⁠כָּל־ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one thing that Yahweh has commanded the people not to do” -5:17 kv1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ 1 A person’s **iniquity** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word **iniquity** represents the punishment for that guilt. Alternate translation: “and he is responsible for his own guilt” or “Yahweh will punish him for his sin” -5:18 wdm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ 1 This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. See [Leviticus 5:15](../05/15.md). -5:18 t3jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive him” -5:19 sa8m אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly considers him guilty” -6:intro yt3w 0 # Leviticus 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Eating sacrifices\n\nThe Levites were allowed to eat some of the leftover parts of the sacrifice, while they were not allowed to eat other sacrifices. The reasons for this is unknown. -6:2 bj5d וּ⁠מָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “and disobeys one of Yahweh’s commandments” -6:4 d32h אֶת־ הַ⁠פִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “not returning something he borrowed” -6:5 sv3s בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “fully” or “totally” -6:5 tr1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction וַ⁠חֲמִשִׁתָ֖י⁠ו יֹסֵ֣ף 1 This means the person must return what he owes to someone and pay an extra **one-fifth** of the value. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 5:16](../05/16.md). -6:5 n94x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא ל֛⁠וֹ יִתְּנֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must pay the person he owes” -6:6 b7td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ 1 This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. You can make clear the understood information. See how this was translated in [Leviticus 5:15](../05/15.md). -6:7 ybw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” -6:7 mnh9 לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” -6:7 n4ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 This means Yahweh will forgive the person, not the priest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and God will forgive him” -6:9 zk2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes צַ֤ו אֶֽת־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. “Tell Aaron and his sons that this is the law” -6:9 cs53 עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 Alternate translation: “must be on top of the altar” -6:9 a961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אֵ֥שׁ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you must keep the fire of the altar burning” -6:10 wc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠מִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ 1 Linen is a white cloth. Alternate translation: “and he will put on his white underclothes” -6:10 m875 אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָ⁠אֵ֛שׁ אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The fire completely burning up **the offering** is spoken of as if it **consumed** or used up the burnt offering. -6:11 lg73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶל־ מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר 1 Here, **a clean place** that is fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. -6:12 w5lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הָ⁠אֵ֨שׁ עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־ בּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priest will keep the fire on the altar burning” -6:15 cs5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵ֧יחַ נִיחֹ֛חַ 1 Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the **aroma** of the sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -6:15 sg3j אַזְכָּרָתָ֖⁠הּ 1 The **memorial portion** was a handful of the grain offering representing the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/02.md). -6:16 yl98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must eat it” +5:16 yvax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן אֹת֖⁠וֹ 1 Here **it** refers to the monetary sum of the value of the sacred item plus **a fifth of it**, resulting in 120% of the value of the original item. Alternate translation: “And he should bring the value of the sacred object, plus a fifth of its value,” +5:16 c3af וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md), [5:10](../05/10.md), and [5:13](../05/13.md). +5:16 geu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠אֵ֥יל הָ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 Here, the expression **the ram of the guilt offering** uses the possessive form to describe a **ram** that is characterized by its use as a **guilt offering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning generically. Alternate translation: “with the ram that the individual is offering as a guilt offering” +5:16 c61p וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:10](../05/10.md) and [5:13](../05/13.md). +5:17 r03h וְ⁠אִם־נֶ֨פֶשׁ֙ כִּ֣י תֶֽחֱטָ֔א 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [5:1](../05/01.md), [5:2](../05/02.md), and [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “And if anyone, when he sins” or “And if someone, when he sins” +5:17 aht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠עָֽשְׂתָ֗ה אַחַת֙ מִ⁠כָּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:22](../04/22.md). +5:17 onsa וְ⁠אָשֵׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:2](../05/02.md), [5:3](../05/03.md), [5:4](../05/04.md), and [5:5](../05/05.md). +5:17 kv1l וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled both this metaphor and the abstract noun in [5:1](../05/01.md). +5:18 w18m אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). +5:18 wdm5 בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). +5:18 a3a9 לְ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how your translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). +5:18 pf98 וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md), [5:10](../05/10.md), [5:13](../05/13.md), and [5:16](../05/16.md). +5:18 vzbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֣ל שִׁגְגָת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁגָ֛ג 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he mistook** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **mistake**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “for his unintentional mistake” +5:18 w9fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This phrase is a parenthetical aside that functions to provide essential background information for the current thought. That the individual **himself did not know** clarifies that he has unintentionally done wrong without knowing it, as opposed to flagrantly defying Yahweh’s commandments (that is, the “sin with a high hand”). +5:18 t3jx וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:10](../05/10.md), [5:13](../05/13.md), and [5:16](../05/16.md). +5:19 uez7 אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). +5:19 sa8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 The words **he is certainly guilty** translate a verb that is repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly considers him guilty” +6:intro yt3w 0 # Leviticus 6 General Notes +6:1 fi2o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +6:2 gp5i נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּ⁠מָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל 1 See how you translated the similar generic use of feminine pronouns in [5:15](../05/15.md). +6:2 s69l וּ⁠מָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל 1 See how you translated the similar expression using repeated words in [5:15](../05/15.md). +6:2 bj5d בַּ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “by disobeying one of Yahweh’s commandments” +6:2 visv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠כִחֵ֨שׁ בַּ⁠עֲמִית֜⁠וֹ 1 As with the feminine pronouns, the words **he** and **his** refers generally to any Israelite. If the switch from feminine pronouns to masculine would be confusing in your language, consider using a generic word for a person. Alternate translation: “and that person denies his fellow citizen” +6:2 hezk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠כִחֵ֨שׁ בַּ⁠עֲמִית֜⁠וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, in the context of [6:2–3](../06/02.md), the expression **denies his fellow citizen** is an idiom that refers to the actions whereby someone swear a socially-binding oath with a member of their family or clan and commits himself or herself to certain actions regarding the other person, but afterwards fails to behave in accordance with the stipulations of the oath. This could be done by stealing from the other individual, extorting them out of wages or any owed money, finding something that belongs to the other individual but failing to return it, or any other way of proving that the original oath was taken without intent to abide by it honestly. If the idiom here does not communicate this meaning in your language, consider using a more general expression. Alternate translation: “and he acts in such a ways that breaks an oath that he made with his fellow citizen” +6:2 jfwm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠עֲמִית֜⁠וֹ 1 Here, a **fellow citizen** does not refer to “citizenship” in a modern sense. Rather the expression refers to another Israelite, probably a direct member of an individual’s immediate or extended family or wider clan network. If the term **citizen** would be misleading in your language, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a member of his immediate or extended family or clan” +6:2 k1zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠פִקָּד֗וֹן 1 This **deposit** was either 1) a monetary downpayment that served to guarantee the full payment of a larger amount. Alternate translation: “with a downpayment on a larger owed sum” or 2) an item that was given from one individual to another for safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “with an item given to him for safe-keeping” +6:2 vren rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֽוֹ־בִ⁠תְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ 1 The expression **a pledge of a hand** refers to a physical item that is given from one member of a community to another that commits them to carrying out the stipulations of the oath. Alternate translation: “or with a physical item that serves as a reminder of the terms of the oath made between them” +6:2 grkn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns א֣וֹ בְ⁠גָזֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **robbery**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “or by robbing him” +6:2 d182 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, to **extort** a **fellow citizen** refers to an employer refusing to pay an employee his or wages wages or one member of a party willfully withholding a previously agreed-upon amount of money. If this is not clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or he refuses to pay his employees or intentionally withholds money that he agreed to pay to his fellow citizen” +6:3 f043 וְ⁠נִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר עַל־אַחַ֗ת מִ⁠כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הָ⁠אָדָ֖ם לַ⁠חֲטֹ֥א בָ⁠הֵֽנָּה 1 Alternate translation: “and he swears on a lie in any of the ways by which people act and consequently sin” +6:3 shnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 The expression **he swears on a lie** is an idiom that refers to taking an oath with another person deceitfully, that is, with the intention not to carry out the required actions of the oath. Alternate translation: “and he swears deceitfully without the intention to fulfill the conditions of the oath” +6:3 zsj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נִשְׁבַּ֣ע 1 The expression **he swears** does not refer to the use of curse words. Rather, it refers to taking an oath with another person that publicly binds an individual to particular actions. If this meaning is not clear in your language or if the use of the expression **he swears** would be confusing, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he makes an oath with another Israelite” +6:4 k9s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־יֶחֱטָ֣א וְ⁠אָשֵׁם֒ 1 The expression **when he sins** refers to committing any of the wrongdoings regarding taking an oath with a fellow Israelite described in [6:2–3](../06/02.md). If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he sins in any of the ways just described, and so becomes guilty” +6:4 esh5 וְ⁠אָשֵׁם֒ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:2](../05/02.md) and throughout the previous chapter. +6:4 otmd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אֶת־הַ⁠גְּזֵלָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֗ל 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he robbed** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **robbery**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “whatever he stole” +6:4 ge0n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry א֤וֹ אֶת־הָ⁠עֹ֨שֶׁק֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׁ֔ק 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he extorted** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **extortion**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “or whatever money he refused to pay” +6:4 d32h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אֶת־ הַ⁠פִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **was deposited** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **deposit**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “or whatever was deposited with him” +6:4 skzc אֶת־הַ⁠פִּקָּד֔וֹן 1 See how you translated this term in [6:2](../06/02.md). +6:4 eja8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his fellow citizen deposited with him” +6:5 ngzt א֠וֹ מִ⁠כֹּ֞ל אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָי⁠ו֮ לַ⁠שֶּׁקֶר֒ 1 Alternate translation: “or anything concerning that which he swore on a lie” +6:5 pux9 יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָי⁠ו֮ לַ⁠שֶּׁקֶר֒ 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [6:3](../06/03.md). +6:5 sv3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 The expression **in its head** is an emphatic idiom that refers to doing something totally or completely. In the context, it connotes repaying the entire value of the monetary value of whatever the individual has stone, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “then he should restore it completely” or “then he should restore it in full” +6:5 dmrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שִׁלַּ֤ם אֹת⁠וֹ֙ 1 Since the previous verse commanded the individual who has taken the oath **on a lie** to return whatever they have stolen, extorted, or withheld from their fellow Israelite, the expression **he will restore it** refers to paying back the monetary value of the item. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he should repay the value of whatever he has stolen, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite” +6:5 vi6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠חֲמִשִׁתָ֖י⁠ו יֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **it** refers to the monetary value of what the individual owes. See how you translated this in [5:16](../05/16.md). +6:5 tr1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction וַ⁠חֲמִשִׁתָ֖י⁠ו 1 The **one-fifth** is one part out of five equal parts. +6:5 n94x לַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא ל֛⁠וֹ יִתְּנֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “He should give it to whomever it is owed” +6:5 ilm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns 1 Here, **it** refers to the full monetary value of what the individual owes plus the additional one-fifth that the law requires. Alternate translation: “he should give the full monetary amount of what is owed plus the required extra one-fifth” +6:5 csvs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the expression **on the day of his guilt** uses the possessive form to describe any **day** that is characterized by the presence of **his guilt**. Alternate translation: “whenever he becomes guilty” +6:5 szar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the abstract noun **guilt** does not refer to the guilt offering to which the same expression in [5:6](../05/06.md), [5:7](../05/07.md), [5:15](../05/15.md), and [5:25](../05/25.md) refers. Rather, it refers to the legal state of needing to provide reparations for wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional that you encountered in [6:4](../06/04.md) If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day that he becomes guilty” +6:6 v5ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֥⁠וֹ יָבִ֖יא לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 As in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:7](../05/07.md), here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt but to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he should bring the sacrifice required to atone for his guilt to Yahweh” +6:6 yr8o לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this metonymy in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:15](../05/15.md). +6:6 sw7j אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md) and [5:18](../05/18.md) +6:6 b7td בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md) and [5:18](../05/18.md) +6:6 fppq לְ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md) and [5:18](../05/18.md) +6:7 ybw2 וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md), [5:10](../05/10.md), [5:13](../05/13.md), [5:16](../05/16.md), and [5:18](../05/18.md). +6:7 mnh9 לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:24](../04/24.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +6:7 n4ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **him** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and it will be forgiven to the individual who offers the sacrifice” +6:7 ixwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive him” +6:7 wgkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־אַחַ֛ת מִ⁠כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠אַשְׁמָ֥ה בָֽ⁠הּ 1 In the phrase **all that he does to his guilt**, the abstract noun **guilt** is not the indirect object of the verb **does**, but its result or consequence. The person’s **guilt** comes as a result of something that they have done. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “concerning one thing from all that he does and becomes guilty by doing it” +6:7 eclt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִ⁠כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠אַשְׁמָ֥ה 1 Here, the words **he** and **his** do not refer to a specific person, but generally to anyone who does something that causes him to acquire legal guilt. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “from all that any individual does to his guilt” or “from everything that someone could do to his guilt” +6:8 kaur rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +6:8-9 zk2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to command Aaron and his sons” +6:9 hck7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֣י⁠ו 1 As in [2:2](../02/02.md) and [2:10](../02/10.md), at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the Tent of Meeting, **Aaron** and *his sons** constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “to Aaron and to his descendants” +6:9 hxc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +6:9 eo2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֖ת הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 Here, the expression **the instruction of the burnt offering** uses the possessive form to describe **instruction** that is characterized by the fact that it regards **the burnt offering**. Alternate translation: “the instruction regarding how the priest should perform the burnt offering” +6:9 cs53 הִ֣וא הָ⁠עֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 Alternate translation: “It is a burnt offering, on the hearth, on the altar” +6:9 jopw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 The **hearth** of **the altar** refers to the flat top of the altar where the sacrifices would be placed on top of burning coals or wood. As such, the expression **on the hearth** and **on the altar** mean basically the same thing. The second expression emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “on the top of the altar where the burning wood and coals are” +6:9 a961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אֵ֥שׁ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priests should keep the fire of the altar burning” +6:9 kjwz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵ֥שׁ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 Here, the expression **the fire of the altar** uses the possessive form to describe **fire** that is characterized by its location on **altar**. Alternate translation: “the fire that is on top of the altar” +6:10 ko21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִדּ֣⁠וֹ בַ֗ד 1 This **linen robe** is described in [Exodus 28:1–5](exod/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:31–35](exod/28/31.md). It was a blue linen robe made of one piece of fabric. It was also covered in a design of blue, purple, and scarlet pomegranates and included gold bells on the hem. If your language has a term for a special outer garment, especially in religious contexts, consider using it here. +6:10 fpgc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַ֗ד & בַד֮ 1 This **linen** is a flax-based textile made from fibers derived from the stems of the flax plant. If your language does not have a word for this kind of fabric, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “his robe made from fine fabric” +6:10 wc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠מִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ 1 These **undergarments of linen** are described in[Exodus 28:1–5](exod/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:42–43](exod/28/43.md). Covering the waist to the thigh, they were required whenever the priest entered the Tent of Meeting or approached the altar to perform a sacrifice. If you language has a word for special undergarments that a person might wear in religious contexts, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “and his ceremonial linen underwear” +6:10 tfzo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂר⁠וֹ֒ 1 Here **flesh** is either 1) an idiomatic expression for bear skin. Alternate translation: “he should wear directly on his skin” or 2) a euphemism for the male genitals. Alternate translation: “he should wear to cover his genitals” +6:10 m8t8 וְ⁠הֵרִ֣ים 1 Alternate translation: “And he should remove” +6:10 y6a1 אֶת־הַ⁠דֶּ֗שֶׁן 1 See how you translated this term in [1:16](../01/16.md) and [4:12](../04/12.md). +6:10 m875 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָ⁠אֵ֛שׁ אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The author of Leviticus uses the image of **the fire** consuming or eating **the burnt offering** to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burning it until it is **fatty ash**. If your language has a similar idiom used of fire completely burning something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “where the fire has completely burned the burnt offerings on the altar so that they are now nothing but ash” +6:10 m85x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠שָׂמ֕⁠וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the **fatty ash** that has accumulated on the top of the altar. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and he should put the fatty ash that has accumulated on the altar** +6:11 hr24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **his clothes** refers to the linen robe and the linen undergarments described in the previous verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his linen robe and undergarments” +6:11 ggt0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים 1 Here, **other clothes** refers to common, everyday clothing that the priest ones that could be used for removing the ash to the clean place without the danger of making something sacred, like his special linen clothing, become desecrated and common. Alternate translation: “other, everyday common clothing” +6:11 kazg אֶל־מִ⁠ח֣וּץ לַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:12](../04/12.md) and [4:21](../04/21.md). +6:11 lg73 אֶל־ מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:12](../04/12.md). +6:12 w5lh וְ⁠הָ⁠אֵ֨שׁ עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־ בּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). +6:12 z80u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּ⁠בֹּ֣קֶר בַּ⁠בֹּ֑קֶר 1 The repetition of the phrase **in the morning** is an idiomatic expression that means “every morning.” If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every morning” or “morning by morning” +6:12 xjsb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלֶ֧י⁠הָ & עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ 1 Here, **it** refers to **the fire on the altar**. Alternate translation: “on the fire that is on the altar” +6:12 xpmu וְ⁠הִקְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +6:12 jp9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֶלְבֵ֥י הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִֽים 1 The **fat of the peace offerings** refers to the portions of fat described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md), [3:9–10](../03/09.md), and [3:14–15](../03/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the fat portions that are required for the peace offerings, including the fat covering the innards and all the fat that is on the innards, and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them that is by the loins and the lobe on the liver” +6:13 j84c אֵ֗שׁ תָּמִ֛יד תּוּקַ֥ד עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). +6:14 xwgk וְ⁠זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). Alternate translation: “the instruction regarding how the priest should perform the grain offering” +6:14 nch7 בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +6:14 k3r1 לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precinct of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +6:14 os48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 The expression **to the face of the altar** is an idiom that refers not to the front side of the altar but to the space in front of the altar. Alternate translation: “before the altar” or “to the space in front of the altar” +6:15 zrxr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הֵרִ֨ים מִמֶּ֜⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest who is offering the grain offering. If it be helpful in your language, consider making the reference explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should raise up from it” +6:15 mj35 בְּ⁠קֻמְצ֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “with a large handful” +6:15 vkkx מִ⁠סֹּ֤לֶת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:1](../02/01.md). +6:15 yu8n וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “And he will cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” +6:15 cs5z רֵ֧יחַ נִיחֹ֛חַ & לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +6:16 q6ww וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתֶ֣רֶת מִמֶּ֔⁠נָּה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +6:16 vytc אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּ⁠בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). +6:16 l34o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism מַצּ֤וֹת תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ בְּ⁠מָק֣וֹם קָדֹ֔שׁ בַּ⁠חֲצַ֥ר אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד יֹאכְלֽוּ⁠הָ 1 The two phrases **Unleavened bread, it will be eaten in a holy place** and **in the courtyard of the tent of meeting, they will eat it** mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Unleavened bread should be eaten in a holy place. Yes, the priests should it eat it in the courtyard of the tent of meeting” +6:16 yl98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they should eat it” 6:17 scb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֤א תֵאָפֶה֙ חָמֵ֔ץ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bake it with yeast” -6:18 n43x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בָּ⁠הֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ 1 This could mean: (1) this refers to any object that touches this offering. This is a warning to keep unclean things away from the offering. (2) this refers to any person who touches this offering. This is an implied warning that those who are not male descendants of Aaron should not touch this offering. Alternate translation: “anyone who touches them will become holy” -6:20 skd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “on the day when he is anointed as priest” -6:20 utnw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the day when he anoints each son as priest” -6:20 ja5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֲשִׂירִ֨ת הָ⁠אֵפָ֥ה 1 An **ephah** is 22 liters. A **tenth part** of an ephah is about 2 liters. +6:17 jbz4 חֶלְקָ֛⁠ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “I have given them their portion” +6:17 p4ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns חֶלְקָ֛⁠ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖⁠הּ 1 Here, **their** and **them** refers to Aaron and his sons, as referred to in the previous verse. If it would be helpful, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “I have given the portion belonging to Aaron and his sons to them” +6:17 sw40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֶלְקָ֛⁠ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖⁠הּ 1 The phrase **their portion** refers to the portion of the grain offering that is left over after the “memorial portion” has been lifted out and burnt and is reserved for the priests to eat. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have given the portion of the grain offering that is left over after the memorial portion is burned to the priests for food” +6:17 rvti קֹ֤דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים֙ הִ֔וא 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +6:17 k5hu כַּ⁠חַטָּ֖את 1 See how you translated this term in [4:3](../04/03.md). +6:17 vnhv וְ⁠כָ⁠אָשָֽׁם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). +6:18 imdc כָּל־זָכָ֞ר בִּ⁠בְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ יֹֽאכֲלֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” +6:18 n55t מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [2:3](../02/03.md). +6:18 n43x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בָּ⁠הֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ 1 This could mean that 1) any object that touches the portion of the offering reserved for the priests’ food becomes as holy as the portion itself. Alternate translation: “Anyone or anything that touches them becomes holy” or 2) any person who touches this offering must be a person set apart for handling sacred items, that is, the priests alone. Alternate translation: “Anyone who touches them must be holy” +6:19 sx4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +6:20 m3en קָרְבַּן֩ & יַקְרִ֣יבוּ 1 See how you translated these repeating words in [1:2](../01/02.md). +6:20 gu1j אַהֲרֹ֨ן וּ⁠בָנָ֜י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). +6:20 skd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 The expression **the day of his being anointed** implies that **Aarons and his sons** are anointed in order to become priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider providing this implied information. Alternate translation: “on the day of his being anointed to be a priest” +6:20 utnw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the day when the high priests anoints a son to become a priest” +6:20 x202 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, **his** refers in a general way to any individual male descendent of **Aaron** who will be anointed to be a priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day of the anointing of any of the sons of Aaron” +6:20 ja5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֲשִׂירִ֨ת הָ⁠אֵפָ֥ה סֹ֛לֶת 1 An **ephah** is an ancient measurement of volume equivalent to approximately 22.8 liters. Consequently, a **tenth of an ephah** is a little more than two liters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “about two liters of flour” 6:20 uya3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction עֲשִׂירִ֨ת 1 A **tenth** is one part of ten equal parts. -6:21 kkw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will make it” -6:21 r8ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַֽל־ מַחֲבַ֗ת 1 This **griddle** was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The griddle was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated “flat iron pan” in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/05.md). -6:21 j4wr מֻרְבֶּ֣כֶת 1 Alternate translation: “When the flour is completely wet with oil” -6:21 u6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you תְּבִיאֶ֑⁠נָּה 1 Here, **you** refers to the person offering the sacrifice. -6:21 x83n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 **Yahweh** being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the **aroma** of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -6:22 qs7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּלִ֥יל תָּקְטָֽר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must completely burn all of it” -6:25 jr62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶל־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת 1 This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. “Tell Aaron and his sons that this is the law” -6:25 jfy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶל־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו 1 Yahweh is speaking **to Aaron and his sons**, but these regulations apply to all priest who perform these sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. -6:25 cq5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 It can be made explicit that **before the face of Yahweh** refers to the north side of the altar. See [Leviticus 1:10–11](../01/10.md). -6:25 zni8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill the sin offering” -6:25 a3q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָ⁠עֹלָ֜ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where you kill the animal for the burnt offering” +6:20 yptr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מַחֲצִיתָ֣⁠הּ בַּ⁠בֹּ֔קֶר וּ⁠מַחֲצִיתָ֖⁠הּ בָּ⁠עָֽרֶב 1 The expression **half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening** leaves out some words that may be essential for understanding in some languages. The phrase refers to a requirement to bring **half** of the prescribed grain offering in the first half of the day, and the other half later on in the latter half of the day. If it would be helpful in your language, consider starting a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before and after: “The priest should bring half of the grain offering in the morning and the other half in the evening” +6:21 kkw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest should make it in oil on a griddle” +6:21 w6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 The expression **It will be made on a griddle in oil** refers to a method of cooking flour that has been mixed with oil similar to modern techniques of pan-frying. The batter, comprised of wheat flour and oil, is placed on a hot flat surface that has been covered in a generous amount of olive oil. If your language has a word for this method of cooking, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “It should be pan-fried on a griddle in olive oil” +6:21 r8ne עַֽל־ מַחֲבַ֗ת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:5](../02/05.md). +6:21 j4wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֻרְבֶּ֣כֶת 1 The word translated **Mixed** refers to either 1) the flour and oil being “well-mixed” or “kneaded.” Alternate translation: “You should bring it well-kneaded” or 2) the flouring being “well-soaked” with oil. Alternate translation: “You should bring it well-soaked with oil” +6:21 u6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תְּבִיאֶ֑⁠נָּה & תַּקְרִ֥יב 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “he should bring it…he should offer” +6:21 x83n רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +6:22 ciwr וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛י⁠ו מִ⁠בָּנָ֖י⁠ו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unique grain offering for the day of the priest’s anointing for the priesthood that has been described in [6:19–20](../06/19.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest under him from his sons should prepare this particular grain offering” +6:22 o4t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛י⁠ו 1 The expression **the anointed priest under him** refers to the priest from among the descendants of the current high priest who has been appointed by the symbolic action of anointed to be the next high priest. If your language has a similar idiom to expression succession, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest who will come after him” +6:22 mihg וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the high priest in [4:3](../04/03.md). +6:22 qs7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה כָּלִ֥יל תָּקְטָֽר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. To formulate this sentence with an active form, see how you translated the expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “the priests should burn the whole offering and so cause it to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” +6:23 lhn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠כָל־מִנְחַ֥ת כֹּהֵ֛ן כָּלִ֥יל תִּהְיֶ֖ה 1 The phrase **every grain offering of the priest will be whole** instructs the priests to remember to offer this particular grain offering in its entirety, as opposed to the normal grain offerings, where the priest only burned the portion that he lifted out with a handful or the pieces that he chose to crumbled up on the altar. In these cases, the rest of the grain offering was permitted to be kept by the priest for food. Alternate translation: “As opposed to normal grain offerings, remember, this special grain offering that a priest offers when the high priest anointed him to become a priest should be offered on the altar in its entirety” +6:23 v7ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should eat this special grain offering that a priest offers when the high priest anointed him to become a priest” +6:24 iwut rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +6:24-25 jr62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶל־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to say this to Aaron and his sons” +6:25 xb9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +6:25 m73v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֖ת הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֑את 1 As is the case with the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md), the expression **the instruction of the purification offering** uses the possessive form to describe **instruction** that is characterized by the fact that it regards **the purification offering**. Alternate translation: “the instruction regarding how the priest should perform the purification offering” +6:25 e32d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בִּ⁠מְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָ⁠עֹלָ֜ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in the place where people slaughter the burnt offering” +6:25 pld6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּ⁠מְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָ⁠עֹלָ֜ה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing this specific sacrifice. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” +6:25 zni8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people should also kill the sin offering” +6:25 grig לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +6:25 g8qn קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). 6:26 eaw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תֵּֽאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He must eat it” -6:27 is2v כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בִּ⁠בְשָׂרָ֖⁠הּ יִקְדָּ֑שׁ 1 See how you translated a similar sentence in [6:18](../06/18.md). -6:27 vj7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if the blood sprinkles” or “And if you sprinkle some of the blood” -6:28 f316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠כְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖⁠וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you must break the clay pot in which you boiled the meat” -6:28 e4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִם־ בִּ⁠כְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה וּ⁠מֹרַ֥ק וְ⁠שֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if you boiled the meat in a bronze pot, then you must scrub the pot and rinse it with clean water” -6:30 b4w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־ חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִ⁠דָּמָ֜⁠הּ אֶל־ אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר בַּ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one may eat any sin offering whose blood the priest has brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place” +6:27 is2v כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בִּ⁠בְשָׂרָ֖⁠הּ יִקְדָּ֑שׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:18](../06/18.md). +6:27 hsg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠בְשָׂרָ֖⁠הּ 1 Here, the expression **its flesh** refers to the meat of the purification offering. Alternate translation: “the meat of the purification offering that is not burnt completely on the altar” +6:27 sjth וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ עַל־הַ⁠בֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּ⁠מָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “And whoever sprinkles some of its blood on any clothing should wash the places where the blood was sprinkled on the clothing in a holy place” +6:27 rd0i וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ עַל־הַ⁠בֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּ⁠מָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ׃ 1 It is implied that the blood would be sprinkled not on clothing but on sacred objects, like the altar, in order to cleanse them from the impurity of sin. This phrase refers to a hypothetical scenario in which, in the process of sprinkling the blood on the sacred objects, some blood also comes into contact with someone’s clothing, requiring the clothing to be carefully washed. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the implied information explicit. Alternate translation: “And whoever, in the process of sprinkling blood on the sacred objects of the tent of meeting, also sprinkles some of the blood on the clothing, wherever he sprinkles on it, you must wash in a holy place” +6:27 rtwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תְּכַבֵּ֖ס 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “a person should clean” +6:28 f316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠כְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖⁠וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest should shatter any container of earthenware in which he has boiled the purification offering” +6:28 wlyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠כְלִי־חֶ֛רֶשׂ & בִּ⁠כְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ 1 The **container of earthenware** and the **container of bronze** refer to cooking vessels made from **earthenware** or **bronze**, likely resembling modern kitchen pots, in which meat could be cooked in boiling water. If your language has a specific word for a kitchen pot made from these materials, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “an earthenware pot…in a bronze pot” +6:28 sia1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חֶ֛רֶשׂ 1 The **container** is described as made of **earthenware**, which refers to a material similar to clay or potsherds, out of which a pot-shaped vessel could be shaped and baked in a kiln until hardened. If your language as a specific word for this material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “clay” +6:28 e4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִם־בִּ⁠כְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if the priest has boiled the purification offering in a container of bronze” +6:28 at58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מֹרַ֥ק וְ⁠שֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he should scour the bronze container and rinse it with water” +6:29 al20 כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכַ֣ל אֹתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” +6:29 cva6 קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +6:30 b4w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־ חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִ⁠דָּמָ֜⁠הּ אֶל־ אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But every purification offering that requires the priest to bring some of its blood into the tent of meeting” +6:30 pcz5 לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +6:30 kgra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The expression **the holy place** is another way of referring to the portion of the tent of meeting where the altar and sacred objects were located, which the priest would symbolically sprinkle with the blood of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting” +6:30 yz83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one is permitted to eat it” 6:30 w6h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest must burn it” 7:intro nbv3 0 # Leviticus 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Blood\n\nThe people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed meat because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [Leviticus 17:11](../../lev/17/11.md)) -7:1 wr1b 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell Aaron and his sons. -7:2 q976 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־ הָ֣⁠עֹלָ֔ה 1 It can be made explicit that this refers to the north side of the altar where the animals for the burnt offerings are killed. See [Leviticus 1:10–11](../01/10.md). -7:3 zf51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ חֶלְבּ֖⁠וֹ יַקְרִ֣יב מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priest must offer all the fat in it” -7:3 d8qy אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב 1 The **inner parts** are the stomach and intestines. -7:4 u1cz הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 The **loins** is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/04.md). -7:6 ei3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must eat it” -7:7 hyn1 תּוֹרָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לָ⁠הֶ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “The law is the same for both of them” -7:7 waf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְכַפֶּר־ בּ֖⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The priest who offers the sacrifice to atone for someone’s sins” -7:8 f82t ע֤וֹר 1 The **hide** is the coat or skin of a herd animal. -7:9 yc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּֽאָפֶה֙ בַּ⁠תַּנּ֔וּר & נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בַ⁠מַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone bakes in an oven … that someone cooks in a frying pan” -7:9 q9rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַּ⁠תַּנּ֔וּר 1 This **oven** was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:4](../02/04.md). -7:9 e3bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַ⁠מַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 This **frying pan** was metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. See how you translated “pan” in [Leviticus 2:7](../02/07.md). -7:9 q4xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַחֲבַ֑ת 1 This **griddle** was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated “flat iron pan” in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/05.md). -7:12 d7uh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of cakes without yeast that he mixed with oil” -7:12 q9xa חַלּ֤וֹת 1 Here, **cakes** refers to a thick bread. -7:12 zz5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of thin cakes without yeast upon which he spread oil” -7:12 wn8u וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י 1 Here, **wafers** refers to a thin bread. -7:12 hv26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠סֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of cakes that he made with fine flour into which he thoroughly mixed oil” -7:12 qye6 וְ⁠סֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת 1 These **cakes** were a thick bread. It is similar to the first type of bread except it is made with the finest flour. -7:13 t3ll חַלֹּת֙ 1 These **cakes** were a thick bread. -7:15 w5qb לֹֽא־ יַנִּ֥יחַ 1 Alternate translation: “The person who offers the sacrifice must not leave” -7:15 h75f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔י⁠ו 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thanksgiving**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the meat that makes up the peace offering for the purpose of thanking Yahweh” -7:16 wgx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֑ל & וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he may eat it … he may eat whatever remains of it” -7:17 m4fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 The word **third** is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “after two days” -7:17 ykv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר מִ⁠בְּשַׂ֣ר הַ⁠זָּ֑בַח בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And on the third day he must burn in the fire what is left from the meat of the sacrifice” -7:18 r23u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־ זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁי֮ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If anyone eats the meat of his peace offering sacrifice on the third day” -7:18 rfk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א יֵרָצֶה֒ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept it” -7:18 rzi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗⁠וֹ לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not honor the sacrifice of the person who offered it” -7:18 u6eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲוֺנָ֥⁠הּ תִּשָּֽׂא 1 A person being responsible for the sin he committed is spoken of as if he had to carry his **iniquity** physically. -7:19 pa1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֤ע בְּ⁠כָל־ טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one may eat meat that touches something unclean” -7:19 nz6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor טָמֵא֙ 1 Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. -7:19 b8tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must burn it” -7:19 w161 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־ טָה֖וֹר 1 A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically **clean**. -7:20 pk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if **his uncleanness** were physically placed **on him**. -7:20 m7mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be separated from his people like a branch cut from a tree” -7:20 a43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” -7:21 q57k בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ 1 Here, **a human** could be either a man or a woman. Alternate translation: “a person” -7:21 g4kv א֚וֹ בְּ⁠כָל־ שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א 1 Alternate translation: “or of some unclean thing that disgusts Yahweh” -7:21 z5au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). -7:21 of9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must remove that person from your people” -7:24 h1i5 וְ⁠חֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠כָל־ מְלָאכָ֑ה וְ⁠אָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ 1 Alternate translation: “And you may certainly not eat the fat of a carcass or the fat of an animal that was torn by wild animals, but you may use it for other purposes” -7:24 t2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or the fat of an animal that wild animals killed” -7:24 w8rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may use” -7:25 jem2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). -7:25 ga8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). -7:26 f76a בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “in any of your homes” or “wherever you live” -7:29 rh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב 1 This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Tell the people of Israel that the one who offers” -7:30 w7dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָדָ֣י⁠ו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה 1 Here **His hands** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “He must bring” -7:30 ry2t אֵ֣ת הֶ⁠חָזֶ֗ה 1 The **breast** is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck. -7:30 v5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לְ⁠הָנִ֥יף אֹת֛⁠וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 Here, **to wave** the offering is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. -7:32 f116 שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 The **thigh** is the upper part of the leg above the knee. -7:34 sns3 לָקַ֨חְתִּי֙ 1 Here, **I** refers to Yahweh. -7:36 mag4 בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 Alternate translation: “on the day Moses anointed them as priests” -7:36 sb6p לְ⁠דֹרֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). -7:37 duq2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nVerses 37–38 are the end of a speech started in verse [Leviticus 7:29](../07/29.md). +7:1 rct1 הָ⁠אָשָׁ֑ם 1\n\n See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [5:15](../05/15.md). +7:1 m86w קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא 1\n\n See how you translated this expression in [6:17](../06/17.md). +7:2 w7q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּ⁠מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣⁠עֹלָ֔ה 1\n\n Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is being used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “in the location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” +7:2 i8iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ & יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ 1\n\n Here, **they** refers generically to anyone who might perform these actions. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using an generic expression for a person. Alternate translation: “someone will slaughter…someone will slaughter” or “an individual might slaughter…that individual should slaughter” +7:2 grkl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ & יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ 1\n\n Although the end of the last chapter addressed the people of Israel using a second-person singular form, here the author of Leviticus addresses everyone who approaches the tent of meeting to sacrifice using a third-person plural form. If the switch from second-person forms to third-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider using whichever form you have been using throughout the previous chapters. +7:2 dhkm אֶת־הָ֣⁠עֹלָ֔ה 1\n\n See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [1:3](../01/03.md). +7:2 rhbn יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אָשָׁ֑ם 1\n\n Alternate translation: “they should slaughter the guilt offering” +7:2 tzsl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ יִזְרֹ֥ק 1\n\n Here, **he** does not refer to the person offering the sacrifice but rather to the priest, the individual normally responsible for splattering **the blood** on **the altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should splatter its blood” +7:3 xzk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַקְרִ֣יב 1\n\n Here, **he** does not refer to the priest but to the individual offering the sacrifice, the person normally responsible for butchering and preparing the animal’s fat. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the individual offering the sacrifice should present” +7:3 xhdr אֵ֚ת הָֽ⁠אַלְיָ֔ה וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב 1\n\n See how you translated these terms in [3:9](../03/09.md). +7:4 tiur וְ⁠אֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1\n\n See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md) and [3:10](../03/10.md). +7:5 bh08 וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר אֹתָ֤⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1\n\n See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +7:5 aa8f אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1\n\n See how you translated the similar expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). +7:6 y9wb כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכְלֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1\n\n Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” +7:6 ei3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they should eat it” +7:6 c7x0 קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא 1 See how you translated this expression in [6:17](../06/17.md). +7:7 rtkp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כַּֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ כָּֽ⁠אָשָׁ֔ם 1 The expressions **As the purification offering, so the guilt offering** and **The instruction is one for them** mean similar things. The two expressions refer to the manner in which the meat for these two sacrifices are reserved for the priests’ special portion of food, and so the two expressions are used together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “The guilt offer and the purification offering are alike in this regard” +7:7 lm52 יְכַפֶּר 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). +7:7 ftun rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ל֥⁠וֹ יִהְיֶֽה 1 The expression **it will be for him** means that the portion of the animal (in context, the skin of the peace offering, along with the breast meat and the right thigh) belongs to the priest as their allotment from Yahweh. It is questionable whether the skin serves as a food source for the priests, as the other portions do. Rather, it seems likely that the skin would be used for other, unspecified uses. Alternate translation: “these portions of the sacrifice will belong to him” +7:8 fj85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֶת־עֹ֣לַת אִ֑ישׁ 1 Although the word **man** is masculine, it is being used in a generic way to refer to the burnt offering that anyone might offer. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic term for a person in this possessive form. Alternate translation: “someone’s burnt offering” or “the burnt offering that anyone might offer” +7:8 nwed ל֥⁠וֹ יִהְיֶֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. +7:9 yc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־מִנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּֽאָפֶה֙ בַּ⁠תַּנּ֔וּר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And every grain offering that anyone baked in an oven” +7:9 fwei בַּ⁠תַּנּ֔וּר 1 See how you translated this term in [2:4](../02/04.md). +7:9 ydb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בַ⁠מַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and everything that anyone made in a pan” +7:9 pv1t בַ⁠מַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:7](../02/07.md). +7:9 q4xb מַחֲבַ֑ת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:5](../02/05.md). +7:9 ctsy ל֥⁠וֹ תִֽהְיֶֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). +7:10 ld4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־מִנְחָ֥ה בְלוּלָֽה־בַ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן וַ⁠חֲרֵבָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And every grain offering, whether someone mixes it with oil or offers it dry” +7:10 jr11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠חֲרֵבָ֑ה 1 The term **dry** refers to offering a grain offering of wheat flour that has not been mixed or kneaded with olive oil. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “or dry and not mixed with any oil” +7:10 ajv7 בְּנֵ֧י אַהֲרֹ֛ן 1 See how you translated the similar manner of referring to the priests in [1:5](../01/05.md). +7:11 afog זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 See how you translated this particular sacrifice in [3:1](../03/01.md). +7:11 on8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֖יב לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, although the word **he** is masculine, it refers generally to any person who might offer this kind of sacrifice. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic term for a person. Alternate translation: “that anyone will present to Yahweh” +7:11 vj44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֖יב לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is being used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “that anyone might present to Yahweh” +7:12 xekq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense אִ֣ם עַל־תּוֹדָה֮ יַקְרִיבֶ⁠נּוּ֒ 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is being used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that make it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “If, hypothetically, he is presenting it for thanksgiving” +7:12 dptw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations יַקְרִיבֶ⁠נּוּ֒ 1 Here and throughout the following verses, the word **he** refers generally to anyone who might present this kind of sacrifice to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic term for a person. Alternate translation: “someone presents it” or “anyone presents it” +7:12 m0zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַקְרִיבֶ⁠נּוּ֒ 1 Here, **It** refers to the peace offerings. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “he will present a sacrifice of peace offerings” +7:12 eavh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַל־תּוֹדָה֮ 1 The expression **for thanksgiving** refer to the unique circumstance in which a person might offer a **peace offering** for the specific purpose of expressing gratitude or thanks to Yahweh for something Yahweh had done in his life. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thanksgiving**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of expressing gratitude to Yahweh” +7:12 o8r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן & וְ⁠סֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן 1 Based on the similar expression found in [2:4](../02/04.md), the expressions **loaves of unleavened bread mixed with oil** and **loaves mixed with oil** leaves out some words that some language might consider essential for understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, consider adding the word “flour” to the beginning of these expressions, for clarity. Alternate translation: “flour mixed with oil into loaves of unleavened bread…flour mixed with oil into loaves” +7:12 ohif חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). +7:12 pjhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “wafers of unleavened bread that someone anointed with oil” +7:12 wada וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:4](../02/04.md). +7:12 ahju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠סֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the similar passive form in [6:14](../06/14.md). Alternate translation: “flour that someone mixed well” +7:13 yfqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חַלֹּת֙ לֶ֣חֶם חָמֵ֔ץ 1 Here, the expression **loaves of bread with leaven** uses the possessive form to describe a **loaf** that is characterized by its consisting of **bread** that has been made without **leaven**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “unleavened bread” +7:13 k8sm חָמֵ֔ץ 1 See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). +7:13 hpp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry יַקְרִ֖יב קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **presents** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. See how you translated the similar use of related words in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:13 r2q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֶ֖בַח תּוֹדַ֥ת שְׁלָמָֽי⁠ו 1 The expression **the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings** uses the possessive form to describe the animal sacrifices of a peace offering that are being offered for the purposes of expressing gratitude to Yahweh. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the animal sacrifices that constitute his peace offering that he is offering for thanksgiving” +7:14 onsp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִמֶּ֤⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the entire peace offering, including the animal sacrifices and the prescribed grain offerings. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma afterwards: “from everything he is offering as a peace offering, including the animal sacrifice and the grain offerings” +7:14 hcz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶחָד֙ מִ⁠כָּל־קָרְבָּ֔ן 1 The expression **one from each offering** refers to one portion from the animal sacrifices and one portion from the grain offerings, respectively. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “one portion from the animal sacrifices and one portion from the grain offerings” +7:14 efjx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish תְּרוּמָ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **as a contribution to Yahweh** might seem to imply that Yahweh is asking the people to set aside food for him specifically. However, Yahweh does not need food, and the similar uses of the word **contribution** in [7:32](../07/32.md) and [7:34](../07/34.md) make it clear that this **contribution** is actually for the priests’ food. Make sure that your translation makes this clear and does not imply that the food is for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as a special contribution of food to Yahweh’s priests” +7:15 oj47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔י⁠ו בְּ⁠י֥וֹם קָרְבָּנ֖⁠וֹ יֵאָכֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priest should eat the meat of the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings on the day of his offering” +7:15 ib7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠י֥וֹם קָרְבָּנ֖⁠וֹ 1 The expression **on the day of his offering** uses the possessive form to refer to any day on which someone offers this particular offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “on whatever day he offers it” +7:15 h75f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔י⁠ו 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thanksgiving**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings that he offers to express gratitude to Yahweh” +7:15 zeoo עַד־בֹּֽקֶר 1 Alternate translation: “until the next day” +7:16 pt9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣דֶר 1 Here, a **vow** refers to a promise to bring a sacrifice to Yahweh if a prayer is answered in a particular manner. Alternative translation: “a votive sacrifice” or “the result of a promise to bring a sacrifice if Yahweh answered his prayer” +7:16 ajca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נְדָבָ֗ה 1 Here, a *freewill offering** is a spontaneous offering for the cause of expressing joy and gratitude to God. Alternative translation: “a spontaneous and unprompted sacrifice motivated by joy” +7:16 iiyl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֶ֚בַח קָרְבָּנ֔⁠וֹ 1 The expressions **the sacrifice of his offering** refers to the portion of the peace offering constituted by animal sacrifices, as distinct from the grain offerings that were to be offered alongside those portions. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the portions of the animal sacrifices that comes from his peace offerings” +7:16 tw8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠י֛וֹם הַקְרִיב֥⁠וֹ אֶת־זִבְח֖⁠וֹ 1 As before, the expression **on the day of his presenting his sacrifice** uses the possessive form to refer to any day on which someone offers this particular offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “on whatever day he presents his sacrifice” +7:16 wgx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֑ל & וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priests should eat it…and they should eat remainder from it” +7:16 z5nx וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מָּחֳרָ֔ת וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “And the next day, the rest of it” +7:17 havi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר מִ⁠בְּשַׂ֣ר הַ⁠זָּ֑בַח בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ 1 It might seem that the expression **will be burned with fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “But the remainder from the meat of the sacrifice will be completely burned on the third day” +7:17 fqvh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר מִ⁠בְּשַׂ֣ר הַ⁠זָּ֑בַח בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the priests should burn the remainder from the meat of the sacrifice with fire on the third day” +7:17 vr3a וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר 1 See how you translated this term in [2:3](../02/03.md). +7:17 m4fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 The word **third** is the ordinal number for three. The day that the animal is sacrificed counts as the first day, meaning that the **third day** is the day after the day after the day it is sacrificed. Alternate translation: “after two days” +7:18 zhtf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 Here the expression **is ever eaten** uses a repetition of the verbal form in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And if some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is eaten under any circumstances” +7:18 oqhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if anyone ever eats some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” +7:18 rfk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א יֵרָצֶה֒ הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept the person who presented it” +7:18 rzi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖⁠וֹ\n 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not account the sacrifice to him” +7:18 em1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, the forgiveness brought about by the sacrifice is spoken of using legal or financial terminology, as if the sacrifice would be accredited to a person’s account before Yahweh. If your language uses similar metaphors to convey these ideas, consider using them here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the person who offers the sacrifice will not be forgiven” +7:18 w5e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּגּ֣וּל 1 For the meat of a sacrifice to be **defiled** means that it has remained neat for an unacceptably long time and is now no longer acceptable to Yahweh as a legitimate sacrifice that brings about the forgiveness of sins. If your language has a religious term for this kind of desecrated meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternative translation: “spoiled meat” +7:18 jgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠הַ⁠נֶּ֛פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֥לֶת מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ עֲוֺנָ֥⁠הּ תִּשָּֽׂא 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). +7:18 yorf עֲוֺנָ֥⁠הּ תִּשָּֽׂא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:1](../05/01.md). +7:19 ef1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֤ע בְּ⁠כָל־טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priests should never eat the meat that touches any unclean thing” +7:19 ii69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֞ר 1 The phrase **the meat** does not refer to a specific portion of meat, but rather generally refers to any meat that touches something unclean. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And whatever meat” +7:19 k4du בְּ⁠כָל־טָמֵא֙ 1 See how you translated the use of this term in [5:2](../05/02.md). +7:19 gnjy בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף 1 See how you translated this expression in [7:17](../07/17.md). +7:19 b8tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priests should burn the unclean meat” +7:19 zi2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הַ֨⁠בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 The phrase **the meat** leaves out information that some languages might consider essential to understanding. It refers to clean meat that has not touched anything unclean, in contrast to **the meat that touches any unclean thing**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate expression: “But as for clean meat that has not touched any unclean thing” +7:19 cj9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־טָה֖וֹר יֹאכַ֥ל 1 The expression **any clean person** refers to any individual who has succeeded in remaining ceremonially clean by abstaining from touching anything that would render him unclean, as determined by Leviticus. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “any person who has not touched anything unclean and so has remained clean himself may eat” +7:19 ls5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּשָֽׂר 1 The **meat** referred to here is the same as **the meat** that has not touched anything unclean and so is considered clean. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “any clean meat” +7:20 rxcw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠הַ⁠נֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֗ר 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). +7:20 qn8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּשָׂ֗ר מִ⁠זֶּ֤בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה 1 The expression **the peace offerings that are for Yahweh” might seem to imply that the peace offerings supply Yahweh with food. However, as stated before, Yahweh does not eat, nor does he need food from human beings. The peace offerings belong to Yahweh in the sense that they are dedicated especially to Yahweh and so the meat from the sacrifices are not to be used for any common purpose. In your translation make sure that it is not implied that the food from these sacrifices is for Yahweh’s food. +7:20 pk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 A person who is not fit for God’s special, sacred space is spoken of as if **his uncleanness** were physically placed **on him**. If your language would use a similar metaphor, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And he is still unclean” +7:20 i2g0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 The words **his** and **him** are being used generically to refer to anyone who might become unclean and so should avoid eating the meat that is especially set apart for holy purposes. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the uncleanness of that person is on him” +7:20 miq8 וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you handled the abstract noun **uncleanness** in [5:3](../05/03.md). +7:20 iyf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 Again, the words **soul** and **her** are feminine and refer generically to any individual who has eaten the meat of the sacrifice while they were considered unclean. See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). +7:20 m7mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 The punishment for a person eating the meat that is dedicated to Yahweh while they are considered unclear is spoken of as if the person were being literally cut off from his people. This could be 1) an idiom that refers to Yahweh’s executing divine judgment against the individual in some unspecified manner, thus removing the person from the people of God. Alternative translation: “then that soul will be punished and removed from her people” or, to avoid the passive form, “then Yahweh will execute divine judgment against that soul and remove her from her people” or 2) a metaphor that refers to the people excommunicating the individual from his community. Alternative translation: “then that soul should be removed from her people and excommunicated” or, to avoid the passive form, “then the people should remove that soul from the people and refuse to have contact with her” +7:20 a43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel should cut off that soul” +7:21 wmem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נֶ֜פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תִגַּ֣ע 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). +7:21 j99o בְּ⁠כָל־טָמֵ֗א 1 See how you translated the use of this term in [5:2](../05/02.md). +7:21 hq6r בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ 1 See how you translated the use of this expression in [5:3](../05/03.md). +7:21 g4kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠בְהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֗ה 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, the animals considered clean and unclean are described in detail in [11:1–47](../11/01.md). Something was considered unclean, or defiling the space or objects that were dedicated especially for Yahweh or for his purposes, when they were considered in proximity to death by the culture of the Israelites and her neighbors. +7:21 n22g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠כָל־שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א 1 This **unclean detestable thing** refers to the specific animals that Yahweh forbids both eating and touching in [11:29–31](../11/29.md). These included the mole rat, the mouse, several kinds of lizard, and the chameleon. If your language has a specific term for this kind of animal that is considered taboo to touch or to eat, consider using it here. If not consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “any unclean animal that is forbidden to eat or to touch“ or “any taboo animal” +7:21 qpnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אָכַ֛ל 1 Here, **he** refers to anyone who might eat the meat of the sacrifice. If it would be helpful, consider using a generic expression for a person. Alternate translation: “any that person eats” +7:21 eaoo מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֥בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). +7:21 z5au וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). +7:22 xw34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +7:22-23 zkjl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to tell the sons of Israel” +7:23 w4mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +7:23 y5o3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and until [7:26](../07/26.md), the author of Leviticus switches here from the use of third-person forms to use second-person plural forms. If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “No one should eat” +7:23 z2p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel who would offer sacrifices at the tent of meeting. If your language uses a plural form to address a group of people, consider using that form here. If not, consider using the third person, as modeled by the previous note. +7:24 t2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠חֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you may use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” or, using the third-person “Anyone may use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” +7:24 fbok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ 1 The **fat of a carcass** refers to any fat portion from any animal, wild or domesticated, that has died, usually referring to those that have died of natural causes that any Israelite might find in the desert wilderness. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the fat of any dead animal that someone happens to find” +7:24 ggyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה 1 The expression **the fat of a torn animal** refers to the fat portions of an animal, usually a domesticated animal, that has been attacked and killed by wild animals. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the fat of a domesticated animal that was killed and torn apart by wild animals” +7:24 vs7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠כָל־מְלָאכָ֑ה 1 The expression **will be made for any work** is used to denote allowance given to these fat portions for any variety of other, unspecified uses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may be used for any purpose other than eating” +7:24 e2ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠אָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ 1 Here the expression **but you will certainly not eat it** uses a repetition of the verbal form in order to intensify the idea that the eating of these fat portions is forbidden. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but you should never eat it” or, using the third-person “but no one should ever eat it” +7:25 tl3a חֵ֔לֶב מִן־הַ֨⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֥יב מִמֶּ֛⁠נָּה אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “fat that comes from a domesticated animal from which someone has presented a gift to Yahweh” +7:25 cjbt מִן־הַ֨⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:25 f99k וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). +7:26 f76a בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:17](../03/17.md). +7:26 ujw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לָ⁠ע֖וֹף וְ⁠לַ⁠בְּהֵמָֽה 1 The expressions **the bird** and **the livestock** do not refer to specific animals or groups of animals. The terms describe any animal or group of animals that an Israelite might own or come across. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of any of your birds or any livestock that you own” or, using the third-person “of any bird or any livestock that someone might own” +7:27 xa78 כָּל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). +7:27 nm4b וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). +7:28 gkdm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +7:28-29 rh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel” +7:29 twhb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +7:29 mr3y הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָי⁠ו֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה מִ⁠זֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Alternative translation: “The person presenting the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh should especially bring this portion of the sacrifice to Yahweh apart from the rest of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” +7:29 m7q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָי⁠ו֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה מִ⁠זֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Here, the author of Leviticus uses the word **his** to switch back to use third-person singular forms to address the people of Israel. If the switch from third-person to second-person back to third-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using in your translation throughout the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “If you present the sacrifice of your peace offerings to Yahweh, you should bring your offering to Yahweh from the sacrifice of your peace offerings” +7:30 w7dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָדָ֣י⁠ו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה 1 Here **His hands** represents the whole person, emphasizing the individual’s responsibility in bringing the sacrifice. If you language uses a similar expression to express this idea, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression .Alternate translation: “He himself should bring it” or, using the second-person “You yourself should bring it” +7:30 ry2t אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֤לֶב עַל־הֶֽ⁠חָזֶה֙ & אֵ֣ת הֶ⁠חָזֶ֗ה 1 Here, the **breast** is the portion of the animal’s meat consisting of the larger part of the animal’s chest below the region of the neck. The **breast** and **the fat on the breast** was considered a uniquely choice portion of meat and fat, and so in the sacrifice, it was dedicated especially to Yahweh. If you language has a term for this portion of meat and fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expresion. Alternate expression: “the fat that is on the breast meat...the breat meat itself” +7:30 v5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לְ⁠הָנִ֥יף אֹת֛⁠וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 For the priest **to wave** the offering in Yahweh’s presence is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. This act could symbolize wafting the smell of the sacrifice in Yahweh’s direction, creating a “pleasant smell to Yahweh” that would result in the acceptance of the sacrifice, or merely presenting the sacrifice to Yahweh in a unique way. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to waft the breast meat of the sacrifice as a sacrifice that is wafted in Yahweh’s presence” +7:30 fd4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Here, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** refers either 1) to waving **the breast** in Yahweh’s presence in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting” or 2) to waving **the breast** in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +7:31 tbb1 וְ⁠הִקְטִ֧יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +7:31 npon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב 1 The phrase **the fat** refers to the fat of the breast, as distinct from **the breast**, which refers to the meat of the breast itself. If this would be confusing in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the fat of the breast” +7:31 ncgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָיָה֙ הֶֽ⁠חָזֶ֔ה לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָֽי⁠ו 1 This expression means that the meat of **the breast** should not be burned completely on the altar but rather should be given to the priests for food. See how you translated this similar expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). +7:31 h7vi לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָֽי⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). +7:32 f116 וְ⁠אֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 The **right thigh** is the upper part of the right leg of the animal, directly above the knee and below the hip joint. Although the reason for the choice of the **right** portion of the thighs is unknown and debated, the **thigh** itself was consider a uniquely choice portion of meat, and so was especially dedicated to Yahweh and to sacred purposes, like providing the food of the priests. If your language has a word for this choice portion of an animal’s meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the choice portion of meat between the hip and the knee joints on the right leg of the animal” +7:32 cxqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here, the author of Leviticus suddenly switches from the use of third-person forms to use second-person plural forms. If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “the person presenting the offering should give…his peace offerings” +7:32 ceao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel who would offer sacrifices at the tent of meeting. If your language uses a plural form to address a group of people, consider using that form here. If not, consider using the third person, as modeled by the previous note. +7:32 sew1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְרוּמָ֖ה לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֑ן 1 While previously the **contribution** belonged to Yahweh, here it is explained that this unique portion of meat actually is to be provided for the priests for their food. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as a contribution of choice meat to provide the priests with food” +7:33 l8go rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־דַּ֧ם הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֛ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב מִ⁠בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 The **person presenting the blood of the peace offerings and the fat from the sons of Aaron** is one of the priests, who at the time that Yahweh spoke these instructions to Moses, were the literal sons of Aaron. However, this expression refers to whichever priest happened to perform the symbolic action of **presenting the blood of the peace offerings** along with **the fat**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “The priest who presents the blood of the peace offerings and the fat, who is among the sons of Aaron” +7:33 lbwv מִ⁠בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +7:33 q6eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ל֧⁠וֹ תִהְיֶ֛ה שׁ֥וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֖ין לְ⁠מָנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, this **portion** refers to the special allotment of food provided for the priests according to the instructions that Yahweh gave to the people of Israel. Because the Levites, the sons of Aaron, were not given any portion of land and therefore could not farm for themselves, they were dependent on the contributions of their fellow Israelites for food, which Yahweh provided by setting apart these choice portions for them. If this would not be clear from your translation, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the right thigh will be for that priest, as the allocation of his food given by Yahweh” +7:34 kefs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” or, using the second-person “You should do this because” +7:34 sns3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָקַ֨חְתִּי֙ & וָ⁠אֶתֵּ֣ן 1 Here, **I** refers to Yahweh, who now speaks directly about himself. If this would not be clear, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, took…and I, Yahweh, gave” +7:34 ovp1 בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל & בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:34 w06t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹ֠תָ⁠ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the **breast** and the **right thigh**, those special portions of meat that Yahweh provided for the priests’ food. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the breast meat and the portion of the right thigh” +7:34 mkn9 לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). +7:34 n4eg לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן 1 See how you handled this way of referring to the priests in [1:7](../01/07.md). +7:34 u24m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠חָק־עוֹלָ֔ם 1 This **enduring portion** refers to the portions of meat, the breast and the right thigh, that Yahweh instructed should be given to the priests for food from the peace offerings that the people of Israel will offer. This **portion** is **enduring** because Yahweh envisions that these instructions are binding for the people of God in perpetuity. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as an portion of food that should always be provided for the priests” +7:35 h86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown זֹ֣את מִשְׁחַ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וּ⁠מִשְׁחַ֣ת בָּנָ֔י⁠ו 1 This **allotment** is the same as the “enduring portion” of the previous verse. It refers to the choice portions of meat, the breast and the right thigh, that Yahweh instructed should be given to the priests for food from the peace offerings that the people of Israel will offer. If this is unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the portion of the meat of the sacrifices that should be given to Aaron and to his sons” +7:35 ydj7 מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +7:35 xb0d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִקְרִ֣יב אֹתָ֔⁠ם לְ⁠כַהֵ֖ן לַ⁠יהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, **he** refers to Moses and **them** refers to **Aaron** and **his sons**. The expression **on the day he presented them as priests to Yahweh** refers to the day when Moses anointed Aaron and his sons with oil to dedicate them as priests in the service of Yahweh, as described in [8:12](../08/12.md) and [8:30](../08/30.md). If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses presented Aaron and his sons as priests to Yahweh” +7:36 er1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָ⁠הֶ֗ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the priests, that is, Aaron and his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “to the priests” or “to Aaron and his sons, the priests” +7:36 o7ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם מֵ⁠אֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 The expression **to give to them…from the people of Israel** refers to the anointing of the priests to be especially dedicated to Yahweh apart from the rest of the people of God for special, sacred service to him. In this sense, the people are **anointed** **from** the people of Israel. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them to be priests in service to Yahweh and so set apart from the people of Israel” +7:36 mag4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 As in the previous verse, **his** refers to Moses and **them** refers to the priests, that is, to Aaron and his sons. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses anointed Aaron and his sons as priests to Yahweh” +7:36 l9rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 The act of **anointing** the priests was a symbolic action in which oil, usually olive oil, was liberally applying to the head of the priests to mark their dedication to special, sacred service to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them with oil to mark their dedication to Yahweh as priests to him” +7:36 eohw בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:36 sb6p חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְ⁠דֹרֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). +7:37 mq5s לָֽ⁠עֹלָה֙ 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [1:3](../01/03.md). +7:37 zoq5 לַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [2:1](../02/01.md). +7:37 icz9 וְ⁠לַֽ⁠חַטָּ֖את 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [4:3](../04/03.md). +7:37 uk25 וְ⁠לָ⁠אָשָׁ֑ם 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [5:15](../05/15.md). +7:37 izaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠לַ֨⁠מִּלּוּאִ֔ים 1 This **ordination offering** was a special sacrifice that was offered on the occasion of the dedication of a priest to the special, sacred service to Yahweh of the priesthood. It is described in detail in [8:22–32](../08/22.md). Alternate translation: “and of the sacrifice that is offered for the priests when they are dedicated to Yahweh as priests” +7:37 ey6r וּ⁠לְ⁠זֶ֖בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [3:1](../03/01.md). +7:38 zub8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠י֨וֹם צַוֺּת֜⁠וֹ 1 The expression **on the day of his commanding** could refer to 1) Yahweh commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Yahweh commanded” or 2) Moses, relaying the instructions he received from Yahweh, commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses commanded” +7:38 b18c אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:38 kbsg לְ⁠הַקְרִ֧יב אֶת־קָרְבְּנֵי⁠הֶ֛ם 1 See how you handled the poetic repetition of words in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:38 tda7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי 1 This **wilderness** refers to the dry, barren desert plain that is common in the Sinai peninsula region of the modern Middle East. If your language has a word for this kind of landscape, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “in the dry, desert plain of” 8:intro d9y6 0 # Leviticus 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) 8:1 n6q2 0 # General Information:\n\nIn chapter 8 Moses ordains Aaron and his sons as priests according to the commands of Yahweh that Moses recorded in the book of Exodus. 8:2 i9xv הַ⁠בְּגָדִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “the priestly garments” or “the clothes that the priests wore” @@ -1277,4 +1629,3 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 27:33 j4n9 וְ⁠הָֽיָה־ ה֧וּא וּ⁠תְמוּרָת֛⁠וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “then you will set apart both animals” 27:33 f56x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He cannot redeem it” or “He cannot buy it back” 27:34 dxq6 אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠מִּצְוֺ֗ת 1 This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters. - y2p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עֹלָ֣ה ה֗וּא אִשֵּׁ֛ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It will be a burnt offering to me” or “It will be a burnt offering to Yahweh”