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@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ front:intro mw28 0 # Introduction to Acts\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
5:30 r7av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἤγειρεν Ἰησοῦν 1 As in [2:24](../02/24.md), the idiom **raised up** means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. Alternate translation: “brought Jesus back to life”
5:30 a393 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὃν ὑμεῖς διεχειρίσασθε 1 The word **you** is plural. Even though Peter is responding to the high priest, who has been interrogating the apostles, Peter is referring here to the entire council. If your language does not use separate forms for singular and plural “you,” you could indicate that in some other way. Alternate translation: “whom you Sanhedrin members killed”
5:30 a394 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ὃν ὑμεῖς διεχειρίσασθε 1 It was the Romans who literally killed Jesus, but Peter says that the Sanhedrin members killed him because their demands led to his death. Alternate translation: “whom you demanded to be killed”
5:30 pu5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου 1 The word translated as **tree** can mean either an actual tree or something made of wood. Peter is using the word to refer to the cross, which was made out of wood. Alternate translation: “having hung him on a wooden cross”
5:30 pu5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου 1 The word translated **tree** can mean either an actual tree or something made of wood. Peter is using the word to refer to the cross, which was made out of wood. Alternate translation: “having hung him on a wooden cross”
5:30 a395 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου 1 In some languages the word **hung** would suggest a different method of execution. For clarity, you could use a different word that might indicate the actual meaning better. Alternate translation: “having suspended him from a wooden cross”
5:31 a396 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοῦτον 1 Peter is using the demonstrative adjective **this** as a noun to refer to a specific person, Jesus. (ULT shows that by adding **one**.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could specify whom Peter means. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “this Jesus”
5:31 a397 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ 1 Peter is using the adjective **right** as a noun in order to indicate the right side. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:25](../02/25.md). Alternate translation: “to his right side”

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tn_JOB.tsv
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@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
9:13 j345 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֱ֭לוֹהַּ לֹא־יָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the word **nose** in verse 5. Alternate translation: “God will not turn aside his anger”
9:13 j291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֱ֭לוֹהַּ לֹא־יָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Job is speaking as if God might literally make his anger **turn aside** and go in a different direction. Job is actually describing how God might stop being angry (although in this case he would not). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God will not stop being angry”
9:13 j292 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives אֱ֭לוֹהַּ לֹא־יָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a positive expression. Alternate translation: “God will still have anger”
9:13 nzr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֹ֣זְרֵי רָֽהַב 1 As a note to [3:8](../03/08.md) explains, people in this culture believed in a monster associated with the sea who caused chaos. One name for this monster was Leviathan. The word **Rahab** is another name for that monster, that is, for the sea personified as a force of chaos. For example, Job says in [26:12](../26/12.md), in a poetic parallel, “He calmed the sea with his power; by his understanding he shattered Rahab.” See what you did in [3:8](../03/08.md). Here as well, you could either retain the name in your translation or you could use a general expression in order to give your readers some idea of the beliefs of this culture. Alternate translation: “the helpers of the chaos monster”
9:13 nzr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֹ֣זְרֵי רָֽהַב 1 As a note to [3:8](../03/08.md) explains, people in this culture believed in a monster associated with the sea who caused chaos. One name for this monster was Leviathan. The word **Rahab** is another name for that monster, that is, for the sea personified as a force of chaos. For example, Job says in [26:12](../26/12.md), in a poetic parallel, “He calmed the sea with his power, and by his understanding he shattered Rahab.” See what you did in [3:8](../03/08.md). Here as well, you could either retain the name in your translation or you could use a general expression in order to give your readers some idea of the beliefs of this culture. Alternate translation: “the helpers of the chaos monster”
9:13 j340 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹ֣זְרֵי רָֽהַב 1 When Job speaks of **the helpers of Rahab**, he likely means ocean waves, since he says in [9:8](../09/08.md), in a context of overcoming chaos, that God treads on the waves of the sea. Alternate translation: “the chaotic ocean waves”
9:13 e9gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תחת⁠ו שָׁ֝חֲח֗וּ 1 Job is speaking of **the helpers of Rahab**, most likely meaning the waves of the sea, as if they were a living thing that could **bow** to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are under his control”
9:14 z61q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַ֭ף כִּֽי־אָנֹכִ֣י אֶֽעֱנֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 **Indeed that** is an expression that indicates that what follows is greater in degree than what a person has just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “How much less would I be able to answer him”
@ -1115,6 +1115,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
15:15 pd53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠שָׁמַ֗יִם לֹא־זַכּ֥וּ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if things that are pure are literally **clean**, that is, not physically dirty. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the heavens are not pure”
15:15 j466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠שָׁמַ֗יִם לֹא־זַכּ֥וּ 1 By **the heavens**, Eliphaz likely means the sky, which is a created object and therefore finite and incapable of perfection. It is unlikely that Eliphaz is referring to heaven, the abode of God, and saying that it is not **clean**, meaning “pure.” You could clarify this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and not even the sky is pure”
15:15 q77f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠עֵינָֽי⁠ו 1 Eliphaz is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from his perspective”
15:16 j796 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַ֭ף כִּֽי־נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽ⁠נֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 **Indeed that** is an expression that indicates that what follows is greater in degree than what a person has just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how much less the abominable and the corrupted”
15:16 j467 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֭ף כִּֽי־נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽ⁠נֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much less are the abominable and the corrupted clean in his eyes”
15:16 j468 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽ⁠נֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 Eliphaz is using the adjectives **abominable** and **corrupted** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “abominable and corrupt people”
15:16 gt36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽ⁠נֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 The terms **abominable** and **corrupted** mean similar things. Eliphaz is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “humans, who are so very wicked”
@ -1181,7 +1182,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
15:35 u7sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָרֹ֣ה עָ֭מָל וְ⁠יָ֣לֹד אָ֑וֶן וּ֝⁠בִטְנָ֗⁠ם תָּכִ֥ין מִרְמָֽה 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if wicked people were literally women who had **trouble**, **iniquity**, and **deceit** as their children. He means that wicked people produce these things in their lives. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They think of bad things to do and they do wicked things, yes, they intentionally deceive others”
16:intro j3zc 0 # Job 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of Job’s response to Eliphaz’s second speech. In verses 1–6, Job complains that his friends have not helped him with their advice. In verses 7–22, Job describes how he feels God has made him suffer. Job briefly addresses God directly in verses 7 and 8.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### “witness,” “advocate,” and “intercessor”\n\n In verses 19–21, Job describes the need for someone to plead his case to God in heaven. This is likely the same figure whom Job calls his “redeemer” in [19:25](../19/25.md). Although Job does not seem to be giving a prophecy knowingly about the Messiah, the role that he describes closely parallels the way that Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. He says that such a person would testify that he had not done wrong (be his “witness”), take his side (be his “advocate”), and plead with God not to punish him (be his “intercessor”). In your translation, use words that describe someone in your culture who does these things for another person. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n Variation between singular and plural “you”\n\nIn verses 1–8, Job sometimes uses the singular form of “you” to address either Eliphaz or God and he sometimes uses the plural form of “you” to address all three of his friends together. Notes identify which form he is using in each instance so that you can use the appropriate form in your translation if your language marks a distinction between singular and plural “you.”
16:2 j497 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular כֻּלְּ⁠כֶֽם 1 As the context suggests, the word **you** is plural here because Job is using it to refer to his three friends. So use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
16:2 t7wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְנַחֲמֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל 1 Job is not using this possessive form to say that his friends are providing comfort to **trouble.** He is using the form to say that in their attempts to be his **comforters**, they are causing him further trouble. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “troublesome counselors”
16:2 t7wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְנַחֲמֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל 1 Job is not using this possessive form to say that his friends are providing comfort to **trouble**. He is using the form to say that in their attempts to be his **comforters**, they are causing him further trouble. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “troublesome counselors”
16:3 p7ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠קֵ֥ץ לְ⁠דִבְרֵי־ר֑וּחַ א֥וֹ מַה־יַּ֝מְרִֽיצְ⁠ךָ֗ כִּ֣י תַעֲנֶֽה 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “I wish that you would stop speaking these words of wind! I do not think anything compels you to answer.”
16:3 g4tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠דִבְרֵי־ר֑וּחַ 1 Job is answering Eliphaz with his own words. See how you translated the similar expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “to insubstantial words” or “to such bluster”
16:3 j498 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תַעֲנֶֽה 1 The word **you** is singular here because Job is using it to refer only to Eliphaz, who has just spoken to him. So use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
@ -1202,13 +1203,13 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
16:9 a6fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor טָרַ֨ף ׀ וַֽ⁠יִּשְׂטְמֵ֗⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if God were literally a wild animal that had **attacked** and **torn** him. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as a comparison. Alternate translation: “he has been like a wild animal, tearing and attacking me”
16:9 crc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure טָרַ֨ף ׀ וַֽ⁠יִּשְׂטְמֵ֗⁠נִי 1 Since a wild animal would attack its prey before tearing it, it might be more natural to reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “he has attacked me and he has torn me”
16:9 j503 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction חָרַ֣ק עָלַ֣⁠י בְּ⁠שִׁנָּ֑י⁠ו 1 This action expresses strong anger. If there is a similar gesture in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. You could also indicate the meaning of this gesture. Alternate translation: “he is so angry at me that he grinds his teeth together”
16:9 c555 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִלְט֖וֹשׁ עֵינָ֣י⁠ו לִֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if God, whom he believes is acting towards him as an **enemy**, were literally sharpening his **eyes**, the way one would sharpen a sword in order to use it dangerously as a weapon. Job means that God is focusing his eyes intently on Job to recognize ways to attack him further and to ensure that he, Job, does not escape. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “focuses his eyes intently on me”
16:9 c555 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִלְט֖וֹשׁ עֵינָ֣י⁠ו לִֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if God, whom he believes is acting towards him as an **enemy**, were literally sharpening his **eyes**, the way one would sharpen a sword in order to use it dangerously as a weapon. Job means that God is focusing his eyes intently on him to recognize ways to attack him further and to ensure that he, Job, does not escape. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “focuses his eyes intently on me”
16:10 i21w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction פָּעֲר֬וּ עָלַ֨⁠י ׀ בְּ⁠פִי⁠הֶ֗ם 1 Opening the mouth wide at someone was a symbolic action that expressed ridicule. If there is a similar gesture in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. You could also indicate the meaning of this gesture. Alternate translation: “They open their mouths wide at me in order to ridicule me”
16:10 j504 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בְּ⁠פִי⁠הֶ֗ם 1 Since Job is speaking of many people, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **mouth**. Alternate translation: “with their mouths”
16:11 mm84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְדֵ֖י 1 Here, **hands** represents the power and control that people have over something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the power of”
16:11 j505 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 Job is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
16:11 zm7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְטֵֽ⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if God were literally throwing him **into the hands of the wicked**. He means that God is abandoning him to whatever it is that wicked people would want to do to him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he abandons me”
16:12 t8kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְפַרְפְּרֵ֗⁠נִי וְ⁠אָחַ֣ז בְּ֭⁠עָרְפִּ⁠י וַֽ⁠יְפַצְפְּצֵ֑⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if God has literally **shattered** him, breaking him into many parts, and **seized** his neck and **shaken** him **to pieces**. He means that God has destroyed everything important in his life—his possessions, his family, and his health. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison, as the UST does, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he has destroyed my family, my health and my possessions”
16:12 t8kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְפַרְפְּרֵ֗⁠נִי וְ⁠אָחַ֣ז בְּ֭⁠עָרְפִּ⁠י וַֽ⁠יְפַצְפְּצֵ֑⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if God has literally **shattered** him, breaking him into many parts, and **seized** his neck and **shaken** him **to pieces**. He means that God has destroyed everything important in his life—his family, his health, and his possessions. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison, as the UST does, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he has destroyed my family, my health and my possessions”
16:12 nt7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְקִימֵ֥⁠נִי ל֝֗⁠וֹ לְ⁠מַטָּרָֽה 1 Job is speaking as if God has literally **set** him **up as a target**. (He continues this image in the first line of the next verse.) He means that it seems as if God has harmed him very intentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison, as the UST does, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yes, it seems as if he has harmed me very intentionally”
16:13 kx4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָ֘סֹ֤בּוּ עָלַ֨⁠י ׀ רַבָּ֗י⁠ו 1 Job is speaking as if **archers** whom God commands have literally **surrounded** him. He means that God has caused him to experience many different troubles. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, as long as you also used plain language in the last sentence of the previous verse. Alternate translation: “he has caused me to experience many troubles”
16:13 j507 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְפַלַּ֣ח כִּ֭לְיוֹתַ⁠י וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַחְמ֑וֹל יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ לָ֝⁠אָ֗רֶץ מְרֵרָֽתִ⁠י 1 Job means implicitly that these archers are seeking mercilessly to kill him by shooting their arrows into his vital organs. (By saying that God **pours** his **bile** on the **ground**, Job means that God’s archers have pierced his liver as well as his **kidneys**, since the liver produces bile and that fluid would spill out of the body if the liver were pierced.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “They are seeking mercilessly to kill me by shooting their arrows into my vital organs”
@ -1243,7 +1244,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
17:1 j516 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural קְבָרִ֥ים לִֽ⁠י 1 While the term **graves** is plural, it seems unlikely that Job means he will be buried in more than one grave. (1) Job could be using the plural form to indicate an indefinite thing. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “there is a grave ready for me somewhere” (2) Job could be speaking of a graveyard or cemetery by association with the way that such a place contains many **graves**. Alternate translation: “the graveyard is ready for me”
17:1 awv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism קְבָרִ֥ים לִֽ⁠י 1 Job is saying that **graves** are ready for him to mean that he will die soon. This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “soon I will die”
17:2 jf81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־לֹ֣א הֲ֭תֻלִים עִמָּדִ֑⁠י 1 Job is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “There are mockers with me, are there not?”
17:2 z26q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־לֹ֣א הֲ֭תֻלִים עִמָּדִ֑⁠י 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely there are mockers with me!”
17:2 z26q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־לֹ֣א הֲ֭תֻלִים עִמָּדִ֑⁠י 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely there are mockers with me!”
17:2 j517 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אִם־לֹ֣א הֲ֭תֻלִים עִמָּדִ֑⁠י 1 By **mockers**, Job most likely means his friends. He would be speaking of them in the third person even though they are present. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “All three of you have been mocking me!”
17:2 wp1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ֝⁠בְ⁠הַמְּרוֹתָ֗⁠ם תָּלַ֥ן עֵינִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **eye**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, using the second person: “Yes, all I can see is your provocations”
17:2 wr6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠בְ⁠הַמְּרוֹתָ֗⁠ם תָּלַ֥ן עֵינִֽ⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **provocations**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Yes, all I can see is you provoking me”
@ -1254,6 +1255,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
17:3 j520 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction מִֽי ה֝֗וּא לְ⁠יָדִ֥⁠י יִתָּקֵֽעַ 1 Job is speaking of one person striking his hand against a second person’s hand as a symbolic action in order to show that he was committing himself to serve as a guarantor for that second person. Your culture may have a similar practice that you can use in your translation, and you can also explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “No one else will shake hands with me to pledge that he will be my guarantor”
17:4 j521 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּֽי 1 Job is using the word **For** to explain the reason why he said in the previous verse that he believed no one else would be a guarantor for him. Alternate translation: “My friends will not be my guarantors because”
17:4 fbr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ֭בָּ⁠ם צָפַ֣נְתָּ מִּ⁠שָּׂ֑כֶל 1 Job is speaking as if God had literally **hidden** the **hearts** of his friends in a place where their hearts would not come in contact with **understanding**. Within the context of this image, Job is using the heart to represent the mind. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have kept their minds from understanding”
17:4 wj87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תְרֹמֵֽם 1 Job is speaking as if God would literally **exalt** his friends or lift them up to a height. He means that God would honor them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will not honor them”
17:4 y4ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א תְרֹמֵֽם 1 Job means implicitly that since God has kept his friends from understanding that he is innocent, God will not **exalt** or honor his friends by giving a guilty verdict against him, thereby vindicating what the friends have been saying. That would be allowing error to triumph. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you will not vindicate what they have been erroneously saying by giving a guilty verdict against me”
17:5 kb8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ֭⁠חֵלֶק יַגִּ֣יד רֵעִ֑ים וְ⁠עֵינֵ֖י בָנָ֣י⁠ו תִּכְלֶֽנָה 1 Job is using one thing that God does to maintain justice, punish those who commit perjury for a bribe, to represent all that God does to maintain justice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “After all, you maintain justice by punishing people who corrupt court proceedings”
17:5 i5ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ⁠עֵינֵ֖י בָנָ֣י⁠ו תִּכְלֶֽנָה 1 Job is speaking of how the **eyes** of people who are dying **fail** (no longer see) in order to describe those people dying. This is a poetic way of speaking about death. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “his sons will certainly die”
@ -1264,7 +1266,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
17:7 a9ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠תֵּ֣כַהּ מִ⁠כַּ֣עַשׂ עֵינִ֑⁠י 1 Job is using the term **eye** by association to mean sight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of my sorrow, I can only see dimly”
17:7 my86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּ⁠צֵּ֣ל 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **shadow** is insubstantial, so Job’s **members**, that is, the parts of his body, have become very thin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “have become as thin as a shadow”
17:8 g1f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj יְשָׁרִ֣ים & וְ֝⁠נָקִ֗י & חָנֵ֥ף 1 Job is using the adjectives **upright**, **innocent**, and **godless** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Upright people … and innocent people … godless people”
17:9 j524 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj צַדִּ֣יק & וּֽ⁠טֳהָר־יָ֝דַ֗יִם 1 Job is using the adjectives **righteous** and **clean** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “righteous people and people whose hands are clean”
17:9 j524 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj צַדִּ֣יק & וּֽ⁠טֳהָר־יָ֝דַ֗יִם 1 Job is using the adjectives **righteous** and **clean** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “righteous people … and people whose hands are clean”
17:9 r9ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יֹאחֵ֣ז & דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Job is speaking of how God wants a person to live, or of the future that God has planned for a person, as if that were a **way** or path that God wants the person to walk along. When Job says that the **righteous** will **hold** his way, he means that that person will continue to walk along that path. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And … will continue to live as God desires”
17:9 lqi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽ⁠טֳהָר־יָ֝דַ֗יִם 1 Job is speaking as if people who are innocent of wrongdoing have **hands** that are literally **clean**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and innocent people”
17:9 lx6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יֹסִ֥יף אֹֽמֶץ 1 When Job says that innocent people **will add strength**, he means by this expression that they will continually grow stronger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will grow stronger and stronger”
@ -1296,7 +1298,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
17:16 j537 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural תֵּרַ֑דְנָה 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the hope that Job described in the previous verse. Job may be using a plural term to speak of the hope that he said would not be and the hope that he said no one would see, even though this is basically the same hope. If it would be more natural in your language, you could use a singular pronoun in your translation. Alternate translation: “Will it descend” or, as a statement, “Then it would descend”
17:16 yx83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַּדֵּ֣י שְׁאֹ֣ל 1 Job is using the term **bars** to mean “gates,” by association with the way that bars keep a gate locked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the gates of Sheol”
17:16 j538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּדֵּ֣י שְׁאֹ֣ל 1 Job means implicitly that if his hope went down to the **bars** or gates of Sheol, it would be admitted there. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to Sheol and be admitted there”
17:16 z16e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism אִם־יַ֖חַד עַל־עָפָ֣ר נָֽחַת 1 Job is speaking of having **rest** in the **dust** to mean “die.” This is a poetic way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Will we die together” or “Will my hope die with me”
17:16 z16e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism אִם־יַ֖חַד עַל־עָפָ֣ר נָֽחַת 1 When Job speaks of having **rest** in the **dust**, he means having died. This is a poetic way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Will we die together” or “Will my hope die with me”
17:16 ajw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אִם־יַ֖חַד עַל־עָפָ֣ר נָֽחַת 1 Job is speaking of his hope as if it were a living thing that could have **rest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do I have nothing more to hope for in this life”
18:intro qk5f 0 # Job 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Job’s friend Bildad speaks to him for a second time. As Eliphaz did in his second speech to Job in chapter 15, Bildad speaks more strongly to Job in this speech than he did in his first speech. Using much of the same language that Job used in chapters 16 and 17, Bildad defends himself and the other two friends and warns Job that God will punish him severely if he continues to be wicked (as Bildad believes him to be).\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.
18:2 b4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַד־אָ֤נָה ׀ תְּשִׂימ֣וּ⁠ן קִנְצֵ֣י לְ⁠מִלִּ֑ין 1 Bildad is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should make an end of words right now!” or “It is not helpful for you to keep saying such things!”
@ -1320,9 +1322,9 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
18:7 bgk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְֽ⁠תַשְׁלִיכֵ֥⁠הוּ עֲצָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Bildad is speaking of a **plan** that a wicked person might make as if it were a living thing that could **cast him down**, that is, throw him or make him fall onto the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and his schemes will only harm him in the end”
18:8 t3iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֻׁלַּ֣ח בְּ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת בְּ⁠רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠עַל־שְׂ֝בָכָ֗ה יִתְהַלָּֽךְ 1 Bildad is speaking as if a wicked person would literally be caught in a **net** or **pitfall**. He means that such a person will experience troubles that will keep him from fulfilling his plans. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will experience troubles that will keep him from fulfilling his plans”
18:8 fl11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שֻׁלַּ֣ח בְּ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת בְּ⁠רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 Bildad is speaking of the **feet** of a wicked person as if they were a living thing that could **cast** him **into a net**. The implication seems to be that if the feet of the wicked person, rather than his eyes and his mind, are determining where he is going, he will walk into dangers unawares. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will walk unawares into a net”
18:8 wa1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂ֝בָכָ֗ה 1 A **pitfall** is a type of trap for animals. To make it, people dig a pit in the ground and cover it with netting. They then put plant materials all over the netting to make it appear that the surface of the trap is just ordinary ground. If your readers would not be familiar with what a pitfall is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a concealed trap”
18:8 wa1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂ֝בָכָ֗ה 1 A **pitfall** is a type of trap for animals. To make it, people dig a pit in the ground and cover it with netting. They then put plant materials all over the netting to make it appear that the ground above the pit is just ordinary ground. If your readers would not be familiar with what a pitfall is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a concealed trap”
18:9 t6fv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹאחֵ֣ז בְּ⁠עָקֵ֣ב פָּ֑ח יַחֲזֵ֖ק עָלָ֣י⁠ו צַמִּֽים 1 Bildad is continuing to speak of a wicked person as if he would literally be caught in a **snare** or **trap**. If you decided in the previous verse to express the meaning of this image rather than retain it in your translation, you could restate the meaning here. Alternate translation: “Yes, a wicked person will not be able to succeed; he will fail because of all the trouble that he causes for himself”
18:9 jr8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יֹאחֵ֣ז בְּ⁠עָקֵ֣ב פָּ֑ח 1 A **snare** was a device that people in this culture used to catch birds. It consisted of a loose loop of cord inside of which a hunter would put seeds or other bait. When a bird came inside the loop to eat the bait, the hunter would pull on the cord and catch the bird by its feet. A snare might also have a mechanism that a bird would trigger automatically by stepping inside the loop. Bildad is speaking as if this would happen to a wicked person, so that he would be caught **by the heel**. If your readers would not be familiar with what a snare is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “He will step into a device that will seize his foot”
18:9 jr8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יֹאחֵ֣ז בְּ⁠עָקֵ֣ב פָּ֑ח 1 A **snare** was a device that people in this culture used to catch birds. It consisted of a loose loop of cord. A hunter would put seeds or other bait inside the loop. When a bird came inside the loop to eat the bait, the hunter would pull on the cord and catch the bird by its feet. A snare might also have a mechanism that a bird would trigger automatically by stepping inside the loop. Bildad is speaking as if this would happen to a wicked person, so that he would be caught **by the heel**. If your readers would not be familiar with what a snare is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “He will step into a device that will seize his foot”
18:9 j544 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צַמִּֽים 1 By **trap**, Bildad means some other device for catching birds or animals. Interpreters are unsure exactly what this device is. The word Bildad uses suggests the idea of braiding, and so this could be a net of some kind. Alternate translation: “a net”
18:10 u5yk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor טָמ֣וּן בָּ⁠אָ֣רֶץ חַבְל֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠מַלְכֻּדְתּ֗⁠וֹ עֲלֵ֣י נָתִֽיב 1 Bildad is continuing to speak of a wicked person as if he would literally be caught by a **rope** or **trap**. If you decided in the previous two verses to express the meaning of this image rather than retain it in your translation, you could restate the meaning in another way here.
18:10 j545 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חַבְל֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠מַלְכֻּדְתּ֗⁠וֹ עֲלֵ֣י 1 In these possessive forms, **His** and **his** are the objects rather than the subjects of **rope** and **trap**. That is, Bildad is not speaking of a rope and trap that the wicked person owns but of a rope and trap that will catch the wicked person. Alternate translation: “The rope that will catch him … and the trap that will catch him is hidden”
@ -1346,7 +1348,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
18:15 n4sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠בְּלִי־ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Bildad means implicitly that the **tent** will no longer belong to the wicked person, probably because he will be dead (a prisoner of the “king of terrors,” death, as the previous verse describes). You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “which will be abandoned because he is dead”
18:15 fpm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְזֹרֶ֖ה עַל־נָוֵ֣⁠הוּ גָפְרִֽית 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “God scatters sulfur upon his home” or “God destroys his home by raining burning sulfur on it”
18:16 uul5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ֭⁠תַּחַת שָֽׁרָשָׁ֣י⁠ו יִבָ֑שׁוּ וּ֝⁠מִ⁠מַּ֗עַל יִמַּ֥ל קְצִירֽ⁠וֹ 1 Bildad is speaking as if the wicked person were literally a tree that dies from lack of moisture. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He fails in every aspect of life and finally he dies”
18:16 u1by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun קְצִירֽ⁠וֹ 1 Bildad is not referring to a specific **branch**. He means every branch on the tree that he is using to symbolize the wicked person. If you retain the image in your translation, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural form. Alternate translation: “his branches”
18:16 u1by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יִמַּ֥ל קְצִירֽ⁠וֹ 1 Bildad is not referring to a specific **branch**. He means every branch on the tree that he is using to symbolize the wicked person. If you retain the image in your translation, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural form. Alternate translation: “his branches wither”
18:17 m6xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זִֽכְר⁠וֹ 1 Bildad is using this possessive form to mean other people’s **memory** of the wicked person, not the wicked person’s memory of things. Alternate translation: “The memory of him”
18:17 j552 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִנִּי־אָ֑רֶץ 1 Bildad is using the term **earth** by association to mean the people who live on the earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from among the people who live on the earth”
18:17 y9j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֵׁ֥ם 1 Here, **name** represents a person’s fame and reputation. Alternate translation: “reputation”
@ -1394,16 +1396,16 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
19:15 kz75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession גָּ֘רֵ֤י בֵיתִ֣⁠י 1 Job is using this possessive form to refer to people who have stayed in his **house** as **Guests**. Alternate translation: “People who once stayed in my house as guests”
19:15 y376 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 Job is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from their perspective” or “as far as they are concerned”
19:16 x8ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠עַבְדִּ֣⁠י קָ֭רָאתִי וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַעֲנֶ֑ה 1 In this context, the word **call** implicitly means “summon” and the word **answer** implicitly means “obey.” You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I summon my servant, but he does not obey and come to me”
19:16 j564 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ⁠עַבְדִּ֣⁠י 1 Job is not referring to a specific **servant**. He means all of his servants. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “to him whom I expect to help me"
19:16 j564 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ⁠עַבְדִּ֣⁠י 1 Job is not referring to a specific **servant**. He means all of his servants. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “to my servants"
19:16 hds8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּמוֹ־פִ֝֗⁠י אֶתְחַנֶּן־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Job is using the term **mouth** to mean by association what he has to say with his mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have to speak pleadingly to him”
19:17 dgg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ר֭וּחִֽ⁠י זָ֣רָה לְ⁠אִשְׁתִּ֑⁠י 1 This could mean: (1) that Job is using one part of himself, his **breath**, to mean all of himself. In verses 13–19, Job is talking about how all of his friends and relatives now treat him as if they did not know him. In verses 13 and 15, Job uses words related to the word that the ULT translates as **strange** in this verse. Alternate translation: “I am like a stranger to my wife” (2) that Job is referring literally to his **breath** and saying that because of his sickness, it smells bad and is offensive to his wife. Alternate translation: “Because of my sickness, my breath smells bad and is offensive to my wife”
19:17 ufr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ֝⁠חַנֹּתִ֗י לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י בִטְנִֽ⁠י 1 Job could be using the possessive form **of my womb** to mean: (1) the womb of his wife. Job would be speaking of the children that they had together. Alternate translation: “even though we had children together and I treated them kindly” (2) the womb of his mother. Job would be speaking of his siblings, probably meaning his close relatives as in verse 13, and he would be using a different root, with the same letters as the root that means “to be gracious,” that means “to be loathsome.” Alternate translation: “and I am loathsome to my close relatives”
19:17 ufr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ֝⁠חַנֹּתִ֗י לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י בִטְנִֽ⁠י 1 Job is the possessive form **of my womb** to mean the womb of his wife. He is speaking of the children that they had together. Alternate translation: “even though we had children together and I treated them kindly”
19:18 fp7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֝ק֗וּמָה וַ⁠יְדַבְּרוּ־בִֽ⁠י 1 This could mean implicitly: (1) that when Job stands up to speak, younger people who should listen respectfully (see [32:6–7](../32/06.md)) contradict him instead. Alternate translation: “when I stand up to speak, younger people disrespectfully contradict me” (2) that when Job tries to stand up, struggling because of his sickness, children make fun of him. Alternate translation: “when I struggle to stand up, they make fun of me”
19:19 uf7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְתֵ֣י סוֹדִ֑⁠י 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe the **friends** with whom he took **counsel**, that is, the friends with whom he shared his private thoughts and whose advice he asked. Alternate translation: “the friends in whom I confided”
19:19 t7hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נֶהְפְּכוּ־בִֽ⁠י 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “have turned against me”
19:20 j565 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠עוֹרִ֣⁠י וּ֭⁠בִ⁠בְשָׂרִ⁠י דָּבְקָ֣ה עַצְמִ֑⁠י 1 Job is not referring to a specific **bone**. He means all of his bones. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh”
19:20 lt45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּ⁠עוֹרִ֣⁠י וּ֭⁠בִ⁠בְשָׂרִ⁠י דָּבְקָ֣ה עַצְמִ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking of this representative **bone** as if it were living thing that could **cling** to his **skin** and **flesh**. He means that his bones are right next to his skin and flesh, that is, all of the muscle in between has wasted away. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am just skin and bones”
19:20 ud4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָ֝⁠אֶתְמַלְּטָ֗⁠ה בְּ⁠ע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if he had barely **escaped** from some disaster and he is describing what little he was able to escape with. He could mean: (1) that the **skin of his teeth**, that is, his gums, are the only part of his skin that his disease is not affecting. Alternate translation: “and my gums are the only part of my skin that my disease is not affecting” (2) that his teeth have fallen out so that only his gums are left. Alternate translation: “and all my teeth have fallen out”
19:20 ud4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָ֝⁠אֶתְמַלְּטָ֗⁠ה בְּ⁠ע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if he had barely **escaped** from some disaster, and he is describing what he was able to escape with. Interpreters have different ideas about what he is describing, but they generally agree that it means something insignificant. Alternate translation: “and there is practically nothing left of me”
19:21 ux63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication חָנֻּ֬⁠נִי חָנֻּ֣⁠נִי 1 Job is repeating the verb **Pity** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Please have pity on me”
19:21 tbg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַד־אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ נָ֣גְעָה בִּֽ⁠י 1 Here the **hand of God** represents the power and activity of God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God is powerfully afflicting me”
19:22 g28h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָ֭⁠מָּה תִּרְדְּפֻ֣⁠נִי כְמוֹ־אֵ֑ל וּ֝⁠מִ⁠בְּשָׂרִ֗⁠י לֹ֣א תִשְׂבָּֽעוּWhy do you pursue me as God {would}? And will you not be satisfied with my flesh? 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “You should not pursue me as God would! You should be satisfied with my flesh!”
@ -1422,7 +1424,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
19:25 q57z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גֹּ֣אֲלִ⁠י 1 A **redeemer** was a close relative who would take responsibility to do whatever was necessary to help another family member who was threatened or in need. Your language and culture may have a name for a person who fulfills this role, and you could use that name in your translation. You could also use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the close relative who will vindicate me”
19:25 j573 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo גֹּ֣אֲלִ⁠י 1 As Job indicates in the next verse, he believes that God will be his **redeemer**. This is similar to the way that Job speaks in [16:19](../16/19.md) of having an “advocate” in heaven and to the way that he asks God in [17:3](../17/03.md) to be his “surety.” Since Job speaks of God in the next verse, you do not need to explain in this verse that God is the **redeemer** whom Job is expecting. It may even be that Job wishes to generate some suspense and attention by not naming the redeemer right away, and it would be good to give your readers that same experience.
19:25 j574 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וְ֝⁠אַחֲר֗וֹן 1 Job is using the adjective **last** as a noun to mean a certain time. This could mean: (1) a “later” time, after Job has died. Alternate translation: “after I have died” (2) that Job is the “last” time, the time at the end of the world. Alternate translation: “and that at the end of the world”
19:25 yy3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction יָקֽוּם 1 In this culture, people stood up when they were about to speak. This was a symbolic action by which they indicated that they had something important to say, and it commanded the attention of the people they wanted to listen to them. In this context, the important thing that the redeemer had to say would be that Job was innocent. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “he will stand and speak in my defense”
19:25 yy3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction יָקֽוּם 1 In this culture, people stood up when they were about to speak. This was a symbolic action by which they indicated that they had something important to say. Standing up commanded the attention of the people they wanted to listen to them. In this context, the important thing that the redeemer had to say would be that Job was innocent. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “he will stand and speak in my defense”
19:25 j575 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־עָפָ֥ר 1 Job is using the term **dust** by association to mean the earth, on whose surface there is dust. This may also be a poetic allusion to the fact that Job would be dead and at “rest” in the “dust,” as he said in [17:16](../17/16.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “upon the earth”
19:26 j576 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אַחַ֣ר ע֭וֹרִֽ⁠י נִקְּפוּ־זֹ֑את 1 The pronoun **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and that after my skin has been stricken off”
19:26 t5gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַחַ֣ר ע֭וֹרִֽ⁠י נִקְּפוּ־זֹ֑את 1 Job is speaking as if someone or something might literally **strike** the **skin** off his bones. He could mean: (1) that his body will decay so that only the bones are left. Alternate translation: “and that even after my body decays so that only the bones are left” (2) that worms, such as he mentioned in [17:14](../17/14.md), will eat the skin off his bones. Alternate translation: “and that even after worms eat the skin off my bones”
@ -1441,7 +1443,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
19:29 tw35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חֶ֗רֶב 1 Job is using one kind of severe punishment, execution by a **sword**, to mean severe punishment in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that God may punish you severely”
19:29 t8gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֵ֭מָה עֲוֺנ֣וֹת חָ֑רֶב 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wrath**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when God becomes angry at people for being wicked, God punishes them severely”
19:29 n1i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ש⁠דין 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that God punishes wickedness justly”
20:intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n This chapter is the second speech of Job’s friend Zophar. In this chapter, Zophar speaks more strongly to Job than he did the first time spoke to him.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### Zophar is answering Job with his own words\n\nIn [7:8](../07/08.md), as Job was appealing to God, he said, “The eye of the one seeing me will not regard me; your eyes will be on me, but I will not exist.” Zophar says in [20:9](../20/09.md) about the wicked person, “The eye that saw him will not continue.” Job said in [7:10](../01/01.md) of himself as a mortal person, “He will not return again to his house, and his place will not know him again.” Zophar says of the wicked person in [20:9](../01/01.md), “his place will no longer observe him.” In both instances Zophar is suggesting that Job himself is a wicked person, using Job’s own words.\n\nSimilarly, Zophar says in [20:27](../20/27.md) of the wicked person that “the heavens will reveal his iniquity, and the earth will raise itself up against him” as a witness. In [16:18](../16/18.md), Job called upon the earth to see that he received justice, and in [16:19](../16/19.md), Job said that he had an advocate in the heavens. So Zophar is likely answering Job once again in his own words, implying that Job himself is a wicked person of the type that he has been describing in his speech.\n\nTo help your readers appreciate how Zophar is answering Job with his own words, you may wish to translate what Zophar says in these instances similarly to the way you translated what Job said earlier.\n\n### Indelicate images that Zophar uses\n\nAs noted above, Zophar speaks strongly to Job in this speech. He uses a couple of images drawn from bodily functions that people in your culture might consider indelicate to include in a Bible translation. If so, you could use comparable images. Zophar says in [20:7](../20/07.md) of the wicked person, “he will perish forever like his dung.” You could refer to something else that disappears completely, saying, for example, “he will perish forever like the dust that the wind blows away.” Zophar says of the wicked person in [20:15](../20/15.md), “He swallows wealth, but he will vomit it.” You might say instead something such as, “Though he may become rich, he will lose all his money.”
20:intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n This chapter is the second speech of Job’s friend Zophar. In this chapter, Zophar speaks more strongly to Job than he did the first time spoke to him.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### Zophar answering Job with his own words\n\nIn [7:8](../07/08.md), as Job was appealing to God, he said, “The eye of the one seeing me will not regard me; your eyes will be on me, but I will not exist.” Zophar says in [20:9](../20/09.md) about the wicked person, “The eye that saw him will not continue.” Job said in [7:10](../01/01.md) of himself as a mortal person, “He will not return again to his house, and his place will not know him again.” Zophar says of the wicked person in [20:9](../01/01.md), “his place will no longer observe him.” In both instances Zophar is suggesting that Job himself is a wicked person, using Job’s own words.\n\nSimilarly, Zophar says in [20:27](../20/27.md) of the wicked person that “the heavens will reveal his iniquity, and the earth will raise itself up against him” as a witness. In [16:18](../16/18.md), Job called upon the earth to see that he received justice, and in [16:19](../16/19.md), Job said that he had an advocate in the heavens. So Zophar is likely answering Job once again in his own words, implying that Job himself is a wicked person of the type that he has been describing in his speech.\n\nTo help your readers appreciate how Zophar is answering Job with his own words, you may wish to translate what Zophar says in these instances similarly to the way you translated what Job said earlier.\n\n### Indelicate images that Zophar uses\n\nAs noted above, Zophar speaks strongly to Job in this speech. He uses a couple of images drawn from bodily functions that people in your culture might consider indelicate to include in a Bible translation. If so, you could use comparable images. Zophar says in [20:7](../20/07.md) of the wicked person, “he will perish forever like his dung.” You could refer to something else that disappears completely, saying, for example, “he will perish forever like the dust that the wind blows away.” Zophar says of the wicked person in [20:15](../20/15.md), “He swallows wealth, but he will vomit it.” You might say instead something such as, “Though he may become rich, he will lose all his money.”
20:2 j583 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases לָ֭⁠כֵן 1 Zophar is using the word **Therefore** to introduce the reason he is about to give for why he is speaking to Job again. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “This is why”
20:2 eef1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שְׂעִפַּ֣⁠י יְשִׁיב֑וּ⁠נִי 1 Zophar is speaking of his **thoughts** as if they were a living thing that could **turn** him **back**, that is, make him turn around and return to Job as if he had left him. He means that he wants to speak to Job again and share what he is thinking in response to what Job has just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I need to speak to you again and tell you what I am thinking”
20:2 wy6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וּ֝⁠בַ⁠עֲב֗וּר ח֣וּשִׁ⁠י בִֽ⁠י׃\n\n 1 It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “because I feel such urgency”
@ -1453,7 +1455,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
20:4 j586 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מִנִּ֤י שִׂ֖ים אָדָ֣ם עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Zophar is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “ever since God created people”
20:5 nhc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּ֤י רִנְנַ֣ת רְ֭שָׁעִים מִ⁠קָּר֑וֹב וְ⁠שִׂמְחַ֖ת חָנֵ֣ף עֲדֵי־רָֽגַע 1 In this verse, Zophar completes the question that he began in the previous verse, using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “that the triumph of the wicked {is} from near, and the joy of the godless {is} for a moment!”
20:5 ubq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רְ֭שָׁעִים 1 Zophar is using the adjective **wicked**, which is plural, as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
20:5 j587 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠קָּר֑וֹב 1 Zophar is using this expression to mean that the **triumph** of the **wicked** does not extend very far, and he means that it does not extend in time; he is not referring to extension in space. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does not last very long”
20:5 j587 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠קָּר֑וֹב 1 Zophar is using this expression to mean that the **triumph** of the **wicked** does not extend very far. He means that it does not extend very far in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does not last very long”
20:5 u62f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָנֵ֣ף 1 Job is using the adjective **godless**, which is singular, as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the godless person”
20:5 j588 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָנֵ֣ף 1 Zophar is not referring to a specific **godless** person. He means all godless people. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “godless people”
20:6 v8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־יַעֲלֶ֣ה לַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם שִׂיא֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠רֹאשׁ֗⁠וֹ לָ⁠עָ֥ב יַגִּֽיעַ 1 Zophar is speaking as if a wicked person might literally become so tall that his head would be at the same level as **cloud** in the **skies**. He means that a wicked person might become very prosperous and powerful. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Though a wicked person may become very prosperous and powerful”
@ -1509,7 +1511,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
20:24 kj9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֭בְרַח מִ⁠נֵּ֣שֶׁק בַּרְזֶ֑ל תַּ֝חְלְפֵ֗⁠הוּ קֶ֣שֶׁת נְחוּשָֽׁה 1 Since a **bow of bronze** is a more powerful and deadly weapon than a **weapon of iron** such as a sword or spear, Zophar implicitly means that if a wicked person escapes from one danger, a greater danger will overtake him. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He may escape from one danger, but a greater danger will overtake him”
20:24 j607 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קֶ֣שֶׁת נְחוּשָֽׁה 1 Zophar is using the term **bow** by association to mean an arrow from a bow. If you decide to retain this image in your translation, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an arrow that someone shoots using a bronze bow”
20:25 j608 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁלַף֮ וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֪א מִ⁠גֵּ֫וָ֥ה וּ֭⁠בָרָק מִֽ⁠מְּרֹרָת֥⁠וֹ יַהֲלֹ֗ךְ עָלָ֥י⁠ו אֵמִֽים 1 Zophar is continuing to speak as if someone had shot an arrow into the wicked person he is describing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The wicked person realizes that the danger that has overtaken him is going to destroy him”
20:25 j609 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֭⁠בָרָק 1 Zophar is using the term **gleaming** by association to mean an arrow whose metal point gleams in the sunlight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the arrowhead”
20:25 j609 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֭⁠בָרָק 1 Zophar is using the term **gleaming** by association to mean an arrow whose metal point gleams in the sunlight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the point of the arrow”
20:25 puf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural עָלָ֥י⁠ו אֵמִֽים 1 Zophar could be using the plural form, **Terrors**, in an intensive sense to mean the worst of terrors, that is, death, as in [18:14](../18/14.md). Alternate translation: “He is terrified because he realizes that he is going to die”
20:26 w5yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כָּל־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ טָמ֪וּן 1 Zophar says **All** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Great darkness is hidden”
20:26 j610 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ טָמ֪וּן 1 Zophar is using the term **darkness** to represent troubles. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Great troubles are hidden”
@ -1635,13 +1637,13 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
21:29 j671 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ע֣וֹבְרֵי דָ֑רֶךְ 1 Job is not referring to a specific **way**, that is, to a specific road or route. He means roads in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “people who travel on roads” or “people who have traveled widely”
21:29 j672 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ֝⁠אֹתֹתָ֗⁠ם לֹ֣א תְנַכֵּֽרוּ 1 This is the beginning of a sentence in which Job is using the question form for emphasis. The sentence continues into the next verse. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should acknowledge their signs”
21:29 j673 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝⁠אֹתֹתָ֗⁠ם 1 Job is using the word **signs** in a specific sense. He means proofs or tokens that something is true. He is probably referring to stories that travelers tell of wicked people whom they have seen or heard about. These stories, in Job’s opinion, would offer evidence that he is right and his friends are wrong about what happens to wicked people. (Job describes the content of these stories in the next verse.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Or … the truth of the stories they tell about wicked people”
21:30 q7hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּ֤י לְ⁠י֣וֹם אֵ֭יד יֵחָ֣שֶׂךְ רָ֑ע לְ⁠י֖וֹם עֲבָר֣וֹת יוּבָֽלוּ׃ 1 In this verse, Job completes a sentence that he began in the previous verse using the question form for emphasis. If in the previous verse you said something such as “You should acknowledge their signs,” you may be able to translate this much as it appears in the ULT, treating it as the continuation of a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “that the wicked is spared in the day of calamity, that in the day of wrath he is brought forth.”
21:30 q7hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּ֤י לְ⁠י֣וֹם אֵ֭יד יֵחָ֣שֶׂךְ רָ֑ע לְ⁠י֖וֹם עֲבָר֣וֹת יוּבָֽלוּ׃ 1 In this verse, Job completes a sentence that he began in the previous verse using the question form for emphasis. If in the previous verse you said something such as “You should acknowledge their signs,” you may be able to translate this much as it appears in the ULT, treating it as the continuation of a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “that the wicked is spared in the day of calamity, that in the day of wrath they are brought forth.”
21:30 wy2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵחָ֣שֶׂךְ רָ֑ע 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God spares the wicked”
21:30 j674 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רָ֑ע 1 Job is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a wicked person”
21:30 j675 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְ⁠י֣וֹם אֵ֭יד 1 Job is using the term **day** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time of calamity” or “when calamity happens”
21:30 j676 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְ⁠י֖וֹם עֲבָר֣וֹת 1 Job is once again using the term **day** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time of wrath”
21:30 x25q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠י֖וֹם עֲבָר֣וֹת 1 Job is using the term **wrath** by association to mean God punishing people in his wrath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time when God punishes people,”
21:30 j677 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יוּבָֽלוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The idea is that a wicked person is **brought forth** from, that is, taken out of, the group of people whom God is punishing. Alternate translation: “God brings him forth” or “God does not punish him”
21:30 j677 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יוּבָֽלוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The idea is that wicked people are **brought forth** from, that is, taken out of, the group of people whom God is punishing. Alternate translation: “God brings them forth” or “God does not punish them”
21:31 b6yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִֽי־יַגִּ֣יד עַל־פָּנָ֣י⁠ו דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠הֽוּא־עָ֝שָׂ֗ה מִ֣י יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “No one declares his way to his face! No one repays him for what he has done!”
21:31 ri98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Job is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his manner of life”
21:31 wlf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פָּנָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “to him personally”
@ -1659,282 +1661,283 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
21:34 aa8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ֝⁠תְשֽׁוּבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם נִשְׁאַר־מָֽעַל 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Job is saying that once he disregards everything that seems to be present in his friends’ **answers** but is not actually present, falsehood is the only thing that will remain. Alternate translation: “And your answers are nothing but falsehood”
21:34 j684 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠תְשֽׁוּבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם נִשְׁאַר־מָֽעַל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **falsehood**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And what you are saying in answer to me is entirely false”
22:intro m13v 0 # Job 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the third and last speech of Job’s friend Eliphaz. What he says in this speech is stronger than what he says in his previous two speeches. He insists that Job must have done wrong, and he suggests several specific evil things that Job may have done.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### Eliphaz answering Job with his own words\n\nIn several places in this chapter, Eliphaz answers Job with his own words. That is, Eliphaz uses the same expressions that Job did earlier, but with different meaning and implications. To help your readers appreciate this, you may wish to translate Eliphaz’s expressions in these places in the same way that you translated Job’s similar expressions earlier. Notes will suggest ways to do this.
22:2 r9kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can a man be useful to God? 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be useful to God!”
22:2 j685 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations a man 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a person”
22:3 h3pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion {Is it} pleasure to Shaddai that you are righteous? Or if {it is} gain that you perfect your ways? 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “It is not pleasure to Shaddai that you are righteous! It is not gain to him that you perfect your ways!”
22:3 j686 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom if {it is} gain that you perfect your ways 1 Eliphaz is using the word **if** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “it is not gain to him that you perfect your ways, is it”
22:3 j687 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your ways 1 Job is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a series of **ways** or paths that the person was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your manner of life”
22:4 s9qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For your fear does he rebuke you, enter into judgment with you 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “God is certainly not rebuking you and entering into judgment with you because of your reverent respect for him!”
22:4 g1nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit fear 1 By **fear**, Eliphaz implicitly means the fear of God, that is, reverent respect for God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your reverent respect for him”
22:5 zd3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not your wickedness great? 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your wickedness is great!”
22:5 j688 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole And there is no end to your iniquities 1 Eliphaz says **no end** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And you are guilty of very many iniquities”
22:6 z1dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For 1 Eliphaz is not saying that Job has definitely done the wrongs that he describes in this verse and the next three verses. He is using the word **For** to encourage Job to consider what he might have done wrong, since God seems to be punishing him for something. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Perhaps” or “Consider whether”
22:6 hip2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you have bound your brother {with a pledge} without cause 1 By **without cause**, Eliphaz probably means that Job did not need to take a garment in pledge as security for the kind of small loan that a laborer in this culture would require. Job was a wealthy man, Eliphaz notes in verse 8, and he could afford a relatively small loss, while the outer garment the laborer would have to give in pledge (described in the second half of the verse) probably represented his most valuable possession. Eliphaz may also be suggesting that the laborer was trustworthy and Job could have and should have trusted him to repay the loan without demanding security. Your culture may have terms and customs relating to loans and pledges that you can use in your translation to bring out the implicit meaning here. Alternate translation: “you have forced your brother to give you his outer garment as security for a loan, even though you did not need to do that”
22:6 j689 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your brother 1 Eliphaz is using the term **brother** figuratively to mean a fellow human being. He is suggesting that Job should feel an affinity for any fellow human. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow human being”
22:6 qq5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and you have stripped off the clothing of the naked 1 The word translated **naked** can describe people who have little clothing, and that seems to be the meaning here. It would not make sense to speak of the **clothing** of people who were **naked** in the sense of having no clothing. The idea seems to be that by taking in pledge an outer garment that a laborer would also use as a blanket at night, Job was leaving that person without enough clothing to stay warm. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “indeed, you have left that person without enough clothing to stay warm”
22:7 j690 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the weary & and from the hungry 1 Eliphaz is using the adjectives **weary** and **hungry** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “weary people … and from hungry people”
22:7 q9nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche bread 1 Eliphaz is using one kind of food, **bread**, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
22:8 j691 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person but the man of arm, the earth {was} to him, and the lifted of face dwelt upon it 1 Eliphaz could mean: (1) that Job himself was this **man of arm**. In that case he would be speaking of Job in the third person, even though he was speaking directly to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “even though, as a man of arm, the earth was to you, and you dwelt upon it as someone lifted of face” (2) that Job showed favoritism to powerful and honored people. Alternate translation: “but you decided in favor of the man of arm and the lifted of face, so that the earth was to them and they dwelt upon it”
22:8 dj3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom but the man of arm, the earth {was} to him 1 The expression **the man of arm** means a powerful person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the powerful person, the earth was to him” or “but as a powerful person, the earth was to you”
22:8 gry9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole the earth {was} to him 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if this **man of arm** possessed the entire **earth**. He likely means that this person (possibly Job) owned much land. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “he owned much land”
22:8 ti2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and the lifted of face dwelt 1 The expression **lifted of face** means to be favored or honored. (See the discussion of the phrase “lift his face” in the General Notes to chapter 13.) Alternate translation: “and honored people” or “and you as an honored person”
22:8 u5gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and the lifted of face 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people who received honors”
22:9 kyr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the arms of the fatherless have been broken 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have broken the arms of the fatherless”
22:9 j692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the arms of the fatherless have been broken 1 Job is using the adjective **fatherless** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent word or phrase. Alternate translation: “you have broken the arms of orphans”
22:9 pdd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the arms of the fatherless have been broken 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job had literally **broken** the **arms** of **fatherless** people. He means that Job has not helped orphans but has treated them in a way that has made them even weaker and more destitute. (As in the previous verse, the arm is a symbol of power.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have taken advantage of orphans” or “you have exploited orphans”
22:10 wdg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor snares {are} around you 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if **snares** or traps were literally surrounding Job. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are having many different kinds of trouble”
22:10 j693 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and fear suddenly terrifies you 1 Eliphaz is using the term **fear** by association to mean things that cause fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and fearful things suddenly terrify you”
22:11 j694 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Or darkness—you cannot see 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And that is why you are in darkness and cannot see”
22:11 kz5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Or darkness—you cannot see 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job were literally in **darkness** and could not **see** anything. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And that is why your troubles are so great that you do not know what to do about them”
22:11 a6pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And an abundance of waters covers you 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job were literally engulfed in deep **waters**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yes, that is why you feel completely overwhelmed”
22:12 st8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not God in the height of the heavens? 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “God is in the height of the heavens!”
22:12 n1zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession in the height of the heavens 1 Eliphaz is using this possessive form to describe the highest part of the **heavens**. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “in the highest heaven” or “in heaven, above the sky”
22:12 rtk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And behold the head of the stars, that they are high 1 In this context, the word **head** means “height.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And behold how high the stars are”
22:12 j695 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And behold the head of the stars, that they are high 1 The implication is that since God is above the stars, and the stars are very high up, the highest things that people can see, then God must be supremely high. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “God is even above the stars, even though those are the highest things that we can see”
22:13 j696 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes But you say, ‘What does God know? Will he judge through thick darkness? 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you say that God does not know what is happening here on and that he cannot judge through thick darkness”
22:13 y6zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What does God know? Will he judge through thick darkness? 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “God does not know what is happening here on earth! He cannot judge through thick darkness!”
22:13 j697 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Will he judge through thick darkness? 1 As is clear from the next verse, Eliphaz is using the expression **thick darkness** by association to mean dark clouds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as a statement: “He cannot see through dark clouds in order to know how to judge people!”
22:14 j698 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Clouds {are} a covering to him and he does not see; he walks around on the dome of the heavens 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation as an indirect quotation, you can continue to do that in this verse. In many languages it will not be necessary to change the wording from that of a direct quotation.
22:14 j699 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and he does not see 1 Eliphaz implicitly means that by saying this, Job means that God does not **see** what is happening on earth. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he does not see what is happening on earth”
22:14 x5ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit indeed, he walks around on the dome of the heavens 1 The implication is that because the **dome of the heavens** is above the clouds, the clouds block God’s view of the earth. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “indeed, he walks around on the dome of the heavens, where the clouds block his view of the earth”
22:14 cvp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you keep the old way that men of iniquity have walked 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. This sentence continues for the next two verses. Alternate translation: “You should not keep the old way that men of iniquity have walked”
22:15 j700 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Will you keep the old way that men of iniquity have walked 1 Eliphaz is speaking of how people live as if that were a **way** or path that people were walking along. When Eliphaz asks whether Job will **keep** that way or stay on that path, he is asking whether Job really wants to live that way himself. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Will you live as men of iniquity have customarily lived” or, as a statement, “You should not live as men of iniquity have customarily lived”
22:15 j701 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns men of iniquity 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
22:16 j702 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who were carried off 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if these “men of iniquity” were literally **carried off** as if they were a bundle of sticks that someone had collected. He means that they died. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who died”
22:16 j703 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were carried off 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom death carried off”
22:16 j704 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and {it was} not time 1 Eliphaz implicitly means that these wicked men died before it was their **time** to die. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “before it was their time to die” or “while they were still young”
22:16 j705 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive their foundations were washed away by a torrent 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a torrent washed away their foundations”
22:16 lc5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their foundations were washed away by a torrent 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if these wicked men were buildings that collapsed when a **torrent** of water destroyed their **foundations**. The suggestion in the image is that the men died unexpectedly and violently. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, they died unexpectedly and violently”
22:17 j706 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes the ones saying to God, ‘Turn away from us,’ and, ‘What will Shaddai do to them?’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the ones who told God to turn away from them and asked what Shaddai would do to them”
22:17 j707 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn away from us 1 Eliphaz depicts these wicked people as speaking as if they wanted God literally to **turn away** from them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same expression in [21:14](../21/14.md). Alternate translation: “Do not be concerned with us”
22:17 j708 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person What will Shaddai do to them? 1 The wicked people are speaking about themselves in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “What will Shaddai do to us?”
22:17 q2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What will Shaddai do to them? 1 The wicked people are using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Shaddai will not do anything to us!”
22:17 j709 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit What will Shaddai do to them? 1 The wicked people implicitly mean that Shaddai will not do anything to punish them if they do the wrong actions that they are contemplating. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Shaddai will not do anything to us if we do evil things!”
22:18 jh2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Yet he filled their houses with good 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God. Eliphaz is echoing what Job said about wicked people in [21:16](../21/16.md), “their prosperity is not in their hand,” that is, their prosperity is not of their own making. Eliphaz is saying, as Job did, that any **good** the wicked enjoy is something that God has generously given to them even though they do not deserve it. Eliphaz is agreeing with Job on that point, although he is making it in support of a different conclusion, that in the end, God actually does punish the wicked in this life. Alternate translation: “Yet God filled their houses with good”
22:18 nr68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj Yet he filled their houses with good 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **good** as a noun to mean a certain kind of thing. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Yet he filled their houses with good things”
22:18 j710 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Yet he filled their houses with good 1 Eliphaz says **filled** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Yet he generously gave them many good things”
22:18 l57x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {May} the counsel of the wicked {be} far from me! 1 Eliphaz is echoing what Job said in [21:16](../21/16.md). He is speaking as if he wanted the **counsel of the wicked** literally to be **far** away from him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [21:16](../21/16.md). Alternate translation: “I want nothing to do with the counsel of the wicked”
22:19 ku9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The righteous see 1 Eliphaz implicitly means that the righteous **see** what happens to wicked people. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The righteous see what happens to wicked people”
22:19 q2jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj The righteous & the innocent 1 Eliphaz is using the adjectives **righteous** and **innocent** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Righteous people … innocent people”
22:20 j4fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ‘If our enemy is not cut off? And fire has devoured their possessions!’ 1 The pronoun **their** refers to the **enemy** mentioned in the first part of the verse. It may be more natural in your language to make the pronoun agree in number. Since Eliphaz speaks of wicked people in the plural in these verses, you may find it appropriate to do that by saying “enemies.” Alternate translation: “If our enemies are not cut off? And fire has devoured their possessions”
22:20 j711 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ‘If our enemy is not cut off? And fire has devoured their possessions!’ 1 Eliphaz is quoting what righteous and innocent people say about wicked people whom God destroys. If that would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that in your translation. Alternate translation: “They say, ‘If our enemies are not cut off? And fire has devoured their possessions!’”
22:20 j712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ‘If our enemy is not cut off? And fire has devoured their possessions!’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “They say that their enemies have been cut off and that fire has devoured their possessions”
22:20 j713 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom If our enemy is not cut off 1 The righteous and innocent people are using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have been cut off, have they not”
22:20 j714 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If our enemy is not cut off 1 The righteous and innocent people are using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have been cut off!”
22:20 jwg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If our enemy is not cut off 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “God has cut off our enemies!”
22:20 j715 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If our enemy is not cut off 1 To make a different point, that God actually judges wicked people in this life, Eliphaz is echoing what Job said in [21:21](../21/21.md) when he spoke of a wicked person dying as if he were literally being **cut off**, like a branch from a tree. See how you translated the similar expression there. Alternate translation: “God has ended the lives of our enemies!”
22:20 j716 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And fire has devoured their possessions 1 Eliphaz depicts innocent and righteous people as speaking as if **fire** had destroyed the **possessions** of wicked people. Eliphaz depicts them as speaking as if the fire had literally **devoured** or eaten the possessions. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they have lost their possessions” or “And other people will now get their possessions”
22:21 aj2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Reconcile now with him and be at peace 1 Eliphaz is echoing his own words at the beginning of this speech and Job’s words in his preceding speech. In verse 2, Eliphaz insisted that a person cannot be “useful to God,” that is, a person can do nothing to win God’s favor or to put God under obligation. Here Eliphaz uses a different form of the same verb to encourage Job to **Reconcile** with God. A person, he says, can at least cultivate a good relationship with God. Job said in [21:19](../21/19.md) that he wished God would “repay” wicked people, that is, punish them. Eliphaz uses the same verb here to encourage Job to be **at peace** with God, with the suggestion that to that end, Job should do whatever is necessary to make up for any wrong things he has done. Your language may have terms that you can use here and in [21:19](../21/19.md) and [22:2](../22/02.md) in order to show these connections.
22:21 z6jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and be at peace 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and have a peaceful relationship with him”
22:21 j717 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns by these 1 The pronoun **these** refers to the actions of reconciling and being at peace with God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “if you do these things”
22:21 j718 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj good will come to you 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **good** as a noun to mean a certain kind of thing. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “good things will come to you”
22:21 j719 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification good will come to you 1 Eliphaz is speaking of **good** as if it were a living thing that could **come** to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will have good things once again”
22:22 ll7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy accept instruction from his mouth 1 Eliphaz is using the term **mouth** by association to mean what God says by using his mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let what God says instruct you”
22:22 y867 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and set his words in your heart 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job could literally **set** God’s **words** in his **heart**. He is using the **heart** to represent the memory. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, carefully remember his words”
22:22 dp7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and set his words in your heart 1 Eliphaz is using the term **words** to mean what God says by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, carefully remember what he says”
22:23 x1jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result you will be built up, if you distance unrighteousness from your tent 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the phrase **if you distance unrighteousness from your tent**, like the phrase ** If you return to Shaddai**, gives the reason for the result that would follow, **you will be built up**. Alternate translation: “yes, if you distance unrighteousness from your tent, you will be built up”
22:23 j720 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be built up 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will build you up”
22:23 mz1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will be built up 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job were a building that God would rebuild after it had been ruined. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God will restore you to health and prosperity”
22:23 kbt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if you distance unrighteousness from your tent 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if **unrighteousness** were an object that Job could literally set at some **distance** from the **tent** in which he lives. In this image, the tent represents Job’s life. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if you stop practicing unrighteousness in your life”
22:23 j721 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if you distance unrighteousness from your tent 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unrighteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “if you stop doing unrighteous things”
22:24 j722 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative And set gold in the dust, and Ophir among the stones of the torrents 1 Eliphaz is using an imperative sentence to tell the condition under which something would happen. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate this as a conditional sentence. Alternate translation: “Now if you set your gold in the dust, and Ophir among the stones of the torrents”
22:24 u6qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And set gold in the dust, and Ophir among the stones of the torrents 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if he wants Job literally to throw away his **gold**, including the fine gold he has from the land of **Ophir**, so that it lands **in the dust** and **among the stones of the torrents**. He means that Job should not depend on gold as a source of security. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, combining the parallel statements into a single statement and conveying the emphasis of the parallelism in another way: “Now if you do not rely on gold at all”
22:24 j723 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And set gold in the dust, and Ophir among the stones of the torrents 1 Eliphaz is using one type of wealth, **gold**, including fine gold from **Ophir**, to mean wealth in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And abandon your all of your wealth” or “Now if you do not rely on wealth at all”
22:24 m1gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and Ophir 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and set Ophir”
22:24 g8dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names and Ophir 1 The word **Ophir** is the name of a land that produced gold of excellent quality.
22:24 j724 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and Ophir 1 Eliphaz is using the name **Ophir** by association to mean gold from the country of Ophir. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and set the gold of Ophir”
22:25 wg73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor then Shaddai will be your golds and silver of heights to you 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if **Shaddai** would literally be precious metals that Job owned. He means that Job would value Shaddai more than anything else. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then you will value Shaddai more than anything else”
22:25 j725 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural your golds 1 Eliphaz is using the plural form **golds** to indicate gold of supreme excellence. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “more valuable to you than the finest gold you could possess”
22:25 wd8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural and silver of heights 1 Eliphaz is using the plural form **heights** to indicate silver of superlative quality. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “and silver of the highest quality”
22:26 l352 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction and you will lift your face to God 1 In [10:15](../10/15.md), Job said to God, “I will not lift my head.” He means that he would look down as a symbolic action to express that he was feeling shame. Here Eliphaz responds that Job will no longer need to do that. See how you translated the similar expression in [10:15](../10/15.md). Alternate translation: “and you will no longer need to look down, away from God, in shame” or “and you will be confident that God accepts you”
22:27 j726 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and he will hear you 1 In this context, the word **hear** means to grant a request. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will grant your request”
22:27 j727 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and your vows you will pay 1 Eliphaz assumes that Job will understand that by **vows** he means the vows that a person in this culture would make to God to promise public recognition of mercies granted. The implication is that God would grant such mercies to Job and so he would have occasion to **pay** such **vows**. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you will have occasion to thank God publicly for mercies that he has granted to you”
22:28 j728 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And you will decree a word 1 Eliphaz is using the term **word** to mean what Job might say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will say what you want to happen” or “And you will say what you plan to do”
22:28 ldp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and it will stand for you 1 In this context, the word **stand** means “happen,” with the idea of surety and durability. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it will certainly happen for you” or “and you will certainly be able to do it”
22:28 k1nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and on your paths light will shine 1 Eliphaz is speaking of the plans Job might want to carry out as if they were a series of **paths** that Job would be walking along. When he says that **light** will **shine** on these paths, he means that Job will know clearly how to carry out his plans. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will know clearly how to carry out your plans successfully”
22:29 j729 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they cast down and you say, ‘Lifting up!’ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if people might literally **cast** Job **down**, that is, throw him down from a height or throw him onto the ground. He is also speaking as if Job might ask God to lift him up from where people had thrown him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are in difficult circumstances and you say, ‘Help me!’”
22:29 yck5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they cast down 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “when you are cast down”
22:29 j730 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes and you say, ‘Lifting up!’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and you ask God to lift you up”
22:29 j731 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns then he will save 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God. Eliphaz is talking about the results of prayer, as he described in verse 27. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “then God will save” or “in response, God will save”
22:29 j732 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the lowered of eyes 1 Job is using the adjective phrase **the lowered of eyes** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the person who has lowered his eyes” or “the who is looking down”
22:29 xgw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction the lowered of eyes 1 In this culture, lowering one’s **eyes** was a symbolic action that indicated that one was in difficult circumstances and felt humbled by them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “the person who is humbled by being in difficult circumstances”
22:29 j733 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the lowered of eyes 1 Eliphaz is speaking about Job in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “you from the difficult circumstances that have humbled you”
22:30 j734 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns He will rescue & indeed, he will be rescued 1 The pronoun **He** in the first part of this verse refers to God, while the pronoun **he** in the second part of the verse refers to a person who is not innocent. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God will rescue … indeed, that person will be rescued”
22:30 j735 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the non-innocent 1 Job is using the adjective **not-innocent** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are not innocent” or “people who are guilty of sin”
22:30 j736 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive indeed, he will be rescued 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “indeed, God will rescue him”
22:30 wrz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy through the cleanness of your hands 1 Eliphaz is likely using the term **hands** by association to mean “prayers,” since people in this culture lifted their hands when they prayed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through the cleanness of your prayers”
22:30 f84n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor through the cleanness of your hands 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job would have literally refrained from doing things that would make his **hands** dirty. He means that Job would not have done wrong things, and so he could offer prayers to God as an innocent person whose prayers God would answer. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through the prayers that you, as an innocent person, offer for him”
23:intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of Job’s response to Eliphaz’s third and final speech. Job’s response continues in the next chapter.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Legal proceeding\n\nIn this chapter, Job speaks of making a legal case to prove his innocence to God. As a note to [9:3](../09/03.md) explains, in this culture, people typically presented such cases to community leaders in public places such as the gate of a town. Each party in a dispute would question the other party in the presence of the leaders, and the leaders would then discuss the case and decide which party was guilty and which party was innocent. However, the Bible indicates that judges would also travel around from place to place and hear cases. For example, [1 Samuel 7:16–17](../1sa/07/16.md) says that Samuel “went around to Bethel and Gilgal and Mizpah and judged Israel in all those places.” Job is envisioning God serving as this kind of judge and hearing his case. In your translation, express his language in such a way that readers who are familiar with the legal process in your own culture will recognize what Job is saying.n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### “he,” “him,” and “his”\n\nThe pronouns “he,” “him,” and “his” refer to God throughout this chapter. The UST models how a translation may say “God” regularly in order to make this clear.\n\n###“my hand” or “his hand” (23:2)\n\nIn verse 2, Hebrew manuscripts read “my hand.” The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient translations of the Hebrew Bible into other languages say “his hand,” and some modern versions follow that reading. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT.
23:2 fi9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Even today 1 Job is using this expression to emphasize to his friends that their arguments have not changed his situation at all.. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Despite all the things you have said to me,”
23:2 ke1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my complaint is bitter 1 Job is speaking as if his **complaint** about what has happened to him is **bitter** or bad-tasting. The image is that what he says is so unpleasant that it leaves a bad taste in his mouth when he says it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have many unpleasant things to complain about”
23:2 cm2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my hand is heavy upon my groaning 1 Job is speaking as if he were literally holding his **hand** down hard on his **groaning** in order to suppress it. He means that there is more that he could groan or complain about than he has actually stated yet. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have been suppressing my groaning”
23:3 pn2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Who will give {that} I knew and I would find him 1 See how you translated the expression **Who will give** in [11:5–6](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I wish that I knew and I would find him!”
23:3 rpr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys I knew and I would find him 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **knew** tells in what way Job would be able to **find** God. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “I knew where to find him”
23:3 j737 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns I knew and I would find him & his place 1 The pronouns **him** and **his** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “I knew where to find God … the place where God lives”
23:4 u14t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to his face 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in his presence” or “to him personally”
23:4 vtm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and I would fill my mouth with arguments 1 Job is speaking as if **arguments** were objects with which he could literally **fill** his mouth. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I would make many arguments as I spoke”
23:5 s5td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I would know the words he would answer 1 Job is using the term **words** to mean what God would say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I would know what he would tell me in response”
23:6 p72s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis he would only set upon me 1 Job is leaving out some of the words of a characteristic Hebrew expression that occurs in full form in [1:8](../01/08.md), [2:3](../02/03.md), and [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “he would only set his heart upon me”
23:6 tw6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he would only set upon me 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:8](../01/08.md), [2:3](../02/03.md), and [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “he would only consider what I had to say”
23:7 lx63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit There 1 **There** implicitly means in God’s presence, as Job describes in verses 3 and 4. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “In God’s presence,”
23:7 aw1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the upright 1 Job is using the adjective **upright** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “an upright person is arguing with him”
23:7 j738 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense the upright is arguing with him 1 Job is using the participle **arguing** to depict action as occurring regularly in order to indicate that it is possible. Alternate translation: “an upright person can reason with him”
23:7 j739 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the upright is arguing with him 1 Job is likely referring to himself when he speaks of an **upright** person. In that case, he would be speaking of himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “an upright person like me can reason with him” or “I, as an upright person, can reason with him”
23:8 tfb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge In this verse and the next verse, Job is using the four major directions to mean everywhere in creation. He is speaking of looking everywhere for the “place” where God lives, as he described in verse 3. To show this, you could create a verse bridge for verses 8–9. It might say something like this: “Behold, I could go everywhere in creation, and I might see evidence of God at work, but I would not find him personally” 1
23:9 ja9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in his working in the north, I do not behold {him} 1 Many interpreters believe that when Job refers to God’s **working in the north**, he means the northern lights (the aurora borealis). You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when I see the northern lights, I believe that God must be present to create such beauty, but if I went to the north, I would not behold him personally”
23:10 lq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the way {that is} with me 1 Job is speaking of how he has been living as if that were a **way** or path that he has been walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how I have been living”
23:10 x7cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture he has tested me, I have come out like gold 1 Job is using the past tense in order to refer to something that he hopes will happen in the future. He is doing this to describe what he is confident the outcome would be. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “when he tests me, I will come out like gold”
23:10 v4c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he has tested me, I have come out like gold 1 The point of this comparison is that just as genuine **gold** is shown to be pure when it is **tested**, so God giving Job a hearing would show that he is innocent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “when he tests me, this will show that I am innocent, just as testing gold shows its purity”
23:11 w13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My foot has held onto his step 1 Job is speaking as if he has used his **foot** literally to hold onto each place where God had stepped. He means that he has walked exactly where God had walked, putting his feet down right where God put his feet down. Job is using this image to mean that he has obeyed God exactly. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed God exactly”
23:11 xw5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have kept to his way, and I have not turned aside 1 Job is speaking of how God wants a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person should walk along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have lived consistently in the way God wants people to live”
23:12 fg26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have not departed from the commandment of his lips 1 Job is speaking as if he had not physically gone away from or **departed** from God’s **commandment**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have not disobeyed the commandment of his lips” or, positively, “I have obeyed the commandment of his lips”
23:12 m22y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the commandment of his lips 1 Job is using the term **lips** by association to mean speaking, since people use their lips when they speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the commandment that he has spoken”
23:12 j740 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun from the commandment of his lips 1 Job is not referring to a specific **commandment**. He means God’s commandments in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “from the commandments that he has spoken”
23:12 tcz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the words of his mouth 1 Job is using the term **words** to mean what God has commanded by using words, and he is similarly using the term **mouth** to mean speaking, since people use their mouths when they speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things his mouth has said”
23:12 xe4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the words of his mouth 1 Job is using one part of God, his **mouth**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things that he has said”
23:12 j741 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit more than my portion 1 By **portion**, Job implicitly means his daily portion of food. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “more than the food that I eat”
23:13 j742 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis But he {is} of one 1 Job is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. The context suggests that Job means that God **is of one** opinion, that is, he has decided one thing definitively. If it would be clearer in your language, you can supply the missing word. Your language may have a natural expression that would suit this context. Alternate translation: “But he is of one mind”
23:13 j743 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and who will turn him back 1 Job is speaking as if someone might physically **turn** God **back** from going in one direction and make God go in a different direction. He is speaking of someone making God change his mind. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and who will make him change his mind”
23:13 l1d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion and who will turn him back 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “and no one will turn him back” or “and no one can make him change his mind”
23:13 if99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche For his soul desires, and he does 1 Job is using one part of God, his **soul**, to mean all of God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For he desires to do something, and he does it” or “For he does whatever he desires”
23:14 g641 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession my decree 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe what God has decreed for him, not a **decree** that he has made himself. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “what he has decreed for me” or “what he has decided to do to me”
23:14 i8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and many like these {are} with him 1 The pronoun **these** probably refers to the sufferings that Job is already experiencing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and he is capable afflicting me with many more sufferings if my present ones are not sufficient to fulfill his purpose”
23:15 n27i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am terrified from his face 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “I am too terrified to be in his presence”
23:15 sw44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I consider 1 Job is implicitly referring to when he might **consider** all that God might still do to him. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I consider all that he might still do to me”
23:16 d4fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For God has softened my heart 1 Here, the **heart** figuratively represents the emotions and specifically the emotion of courage. Job is speaking as if God had literally made his heart **soft**. He means that God has caused him to lose courage. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For God has caused me to lose courage”
23:17 j744 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For 1 Job is using the word **For** to explain the reason why he is terrified of God, as he described in the previous two verses. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am terrified of God because”
23:17 j745 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I was not cut off 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God did not cut me off”
23:17 dng4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I was not cut off 1 Job is speaking as if he might literally have been **cut off**, as if he were a branch on a tree, for example. He is talking about dying. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I did not die” or “God did not let me die”
23:17 j746 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the face of the darkness 1 In this instance, the phrase **from the face of** means “in front of” or “before.” It refers to time rather than to place. Alternate translation: “before the time of darkness” or “before the darkness came”
23:17 j747 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from the face of the darkness 1 Job is using the term **darkness** to represent troubles. See how you translated the similar expression in [20:26](../20/26.md). Alternate translation: “before these troubles began”
23:17 qpa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and from my face gloom covers 1 In this instance, the phrase **from my face ** means “in front of.” It could refer either to place or to time. Alternate translation: “and gloom covers everything in front of me” or “and gloom covers everything that will happen to me in the future”
23:17 j748 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and from my face gloom covers 1 Job is speaking as if **gloom** were literally covering everything in front of him or everything that would happen to him in the future. He is using **gloom**, like **darkness** earlier in the verse, to represent troubles. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and there is trouble everywhere I look” or “and I can only anticipate further trouble happening to me”
22:2 r9kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠לְ⁠אֵ֥ל יִסְכָּן־גָּ֑בֶר 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be useful to God!”
22:2 j685 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations גָּ֑בֶר 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a person”
22:3 h3pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠חֵ֣פֶץ לְ֭⁠שַׁדַּי כִּ֣י תִצְדָּ֑ק וְ⁠אִם־בֶּ֝֗צַע כִּֽי־תַתֵּ֥ם דְּרָכֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “It is not pleasure to Shaddai that you are righteous! It is not gain to him that you perfect your ways!”
22:3 j686 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־בֶּ֝֗צַע כִּֽי־תַתֵּ֥ם דְּרָכֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is using the word **if** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “it is not gain to him that you perfect your ways, is it”
22:3 j687 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Job is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a series of **ways** or paths that the person was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your manner of life”
22:4 s9qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽ֭⁠מִ⁠יִּרְאָ֣תְ⁠ךָ יֹכִיחֶ֑⁠ךָ יָב֥וֹא עִ֝מְּ⁠ךָ֗ בַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “God is certainly not rebuking you and entering into judgment with you because of your reverent respect for him!”
22:4 g1nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֲֽ֭⁠מִ⁠יִּרְאָ֣תְ⁠ךָ 1 By **fear**, Eliphaz implicitly means the fear of God, that is, reverent respect for God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “For your reverent respect for him”
22:5 zd3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לֹ֣א רָעָֽתְ⁠ךָ֣ רַבָּ֑ה 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your wickedness is great!”
22:5 j688 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ⁠אֵֽין־קֵ֝֗ץ לַ⁠עֲוֺנֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz says **no end** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And you are guilty of very many iniquities”
22:6 z1dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּֽי 1 Eliphaz is not saying that Job has definitely done the wrongs that he describes in this verse and the next three verses. He is using the word **For** to encourage Job to consider what he might have done wrong, since God seems to be punishing him for something. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Perhaps” or “Consider whether”
22:6 hip2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַחְבֹּ֣ל אַחֶ֣י⁠ךָ חִנָּ֑ם 1 By **without cause**, Eliphaz probably means that Job did not need to take a garment in pledge as security for the kind of small loan that a laborer in this culture would require. Job was a wealthy man, Eliphaz notes in verse 8, and he could afford a relatively small loss, while the outer garment the laborer would have to give in pledge (described in the second half of the verse) probably represented his most valuable possession. Eliphaz may also be suggesting that the laborer was trustworthy and Job could have and should have trusted him to repay the loan without demanding security. Your culture may have terms and customs relating to loans and pledges that you can use in your translation to bring out the implicit meaning here. Alternate translation: “you have forced your brother to give you his outer garment as security for a loan, even though you did not need to do that”
22:6 j689 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַחֶ֣י⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is using the term **brother** figuratively to mean a fellow human being. He is suggesting that Job should feel an affinity for any fellow human. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow human being”
22:6 qq5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בִגְדֵ֖י עֲרוּמִּ֣ים תַּפְשִֽׁיט 1 The word translated **naked** can describe people who have little clothing, and that seems to be the meaning here. It would not make sense to speak of the **clothing** of people who were **naked** in the sense of having no clothing. The idea seems to be that by taking in pledge an outer garment that a laborer would also use as a blanket at night, Job was leaving that person without enough clothing to stay warm. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “indeed, you have left that person without enough clothing to stay warm”
22:7 j690 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj עָיֵ֣ף & וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠רָעֵ֗ב 1 Eliphaz is using the adjectives **weary** and **hungry** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “weary people … and from hungry people”
22:7 q9nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָֽחֶם 1 Eliphaz is using one kind of food, **bread**, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
22:8 j691 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ זְ֭רוֹעַ ל֣⁠וֹ הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ וּ⁠נְשׂ֥וּא פָ֝נִ֗ים יֵ֣שֶׁב בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 Eliphaz could mean: (1) that Job himself was this **man of arm**. In that case he would be speaking of Job in the third person, even though he was speaking directly to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “even though, as a man of arm, the earth was to you, and you dwelt upon it as someone lifted of face” (2) that Job showed favoritism to powerful and honored people. Alternate translation: “but you decided in favor of the man of arm and the lifted of face, so that the earth was to them and they dwelt upon it”
22:8 dj3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ זְ֭רוֹעַ ל֣⁠וֹ הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The expression **the man of arm** means a powerful person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the powerful person, the earth was to him” or “but as a powerful person, the earth was to you”
22:8 gry9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ל֣⁠וֹ הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if this **man of arm** possessed the entire **earth**. He likely means that this person (possibly Job) owned much land. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “he owned much land”
22:8 ti2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠נְשׂ֥וּא פָ֝נִ֗ים יֵ֣שֶׁב 1 The expression **lifted of face** means to be favored or honored. (See the discussion of the phrase “lift his face” in the General Notes to chapter 13.) Alternate translation: “and honored people” or “and you as an honored person”
22:8 u5gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠נְשׂ֥וּא פָ֝נִ֗ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people who received honors”
22:9 kyr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠זְרֹע֖וֹת יְתֹמִ֣ים יְדֻכָּֽא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and you have broken the arms of the fatherless”
22:9 j692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וּ⁠זְרֹע֖וֹת יְתֹמִ֣ים יְדֻכָּֽא 1 Job is using the adjective **fatherless** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent word or phrase. Alternate translation: “and you have broken the arms of orphans”
22:9 pdd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠זְרֹע֖וֹת יְתֹמִ֣ים יְדֻכָּֽא 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job had literally **broken** the **arms** of **fatherless** people. He means that Job has not helped orphans but has treated them in a way that has made them even weaker and more destitute. (As in the previous verse, the arm is a symbol of power.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you have taken advantage of orphans” or “and you have exploited orphans”
22:10 wdg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סְבִיבוֹתֶ֣י⁠ךָ פַחִ֑ים 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if **snares** or traps were literally surrounding Job. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are having many different kinds of trouble”
22:10 j693 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וִֽ֝⁠יבַהֶלְ⁠ךָ פַּ֣חַד פִּתְאֹֽם 1 Eliphaz is using the term **fear** by association to mean things that cause fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and fearful things suddenly terrify you”
22:11 j694 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אוֹ־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ לֹֽא־תִרְאֶ֑הOr darkness—you cannot see 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And that is why you are in darkness and cannot see”
22:11 kz5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אוֹ־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ לֹֽא־תִרְאֶ֑ה 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job were literally in **darkness** and could not **see** anything. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And that is why your troubles are so great that you do not know what to do about them”
22:11 a6pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְֽ⁠שִׁפְעַת־מַ֥יִם תְּכַסֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job were literally engulfed in deep **waters**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yes, that is why you feel completely overwhelmed”
22:12 st8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽ⁠לֹא־אֱ֭לוֹהַּ גֹּ֣בַהּ שָׁמָ֑יִם 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “God is in the height of the heavens!”
22:12 n1zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession גֹּ֣בַהּ שָׁמָ֑יִם 1 Eliphaz is using this possessive form to describe the highest part of the **heavens**. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “in the highest heaven” or “in heaven, above the sky”
22:12 rtk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠רְאֵ֤ה רֹ֖אשׁ כּוֹכָבִ֣ים כִּי־רָֽמּוּ 1 In this context, the word **head** means “height.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And behold how high the stars are”
22:12 j695 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠רְאֵ֤ה רֹ֖אשׁ כּוֹכָבִ֣ים כִּי־רָֽמּוּ 1 The implication is that since God is above the stars, and the stars are very high up, the highest things that people can see, then God must be supremely high. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “God is even above the stars, even though those are the highest things that we can see”
22:13 j696 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְֽ֭⁠אָמַרְתָּ מַה־יָּ֣דַֽע אֵ֑ל הַ⁠בְעַ֖ד עֲרָפֶ֣ל יִשְׁפּֽוֹט 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you say that God does not know what is happening here on and that he cannot judge through thick darkness”
22:13 y6zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־יָּ֣דַֽע אֵ֑ל הַ⁠בְעַ֖ד עֲרָפֶ֣ל יִשְׁפּֽוֹט 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “God does not know what is happening here on earth! He cannot judge through thick darkness!”
22:13 j697 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠בְעַ֖ד עֲרָפֶ֣ל יִשְׁפּֽוֹט 1 As is clear from the next verse, Eliphaz is using the expression **thick darkness** by association to mean dark clouds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as a statement: “He cannot see through dark clouds in order to know how to judge people!”
22:14 j698 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes עָבִ֣ים סֵֽתֶר־ל֭⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִרְאֶ֑ה וְ⁠ח֥וּג שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם יִתְהַלָּֽךְ 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation as an indirect quotation, you can continue to do that in this verse. In many languages it will not be necessary to change the wording from that of a direct quotation.
22:14 j699 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִרְאֶ֑ה 1 Eliphaz implicitly means that by saying this, Job means that God does not **see** what is happening on earth. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he does not see what is happening on earth”
22:14 x5ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ח֥וּג שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם יִתְהַלָּֽךְ 1 The implication is that because the **dome of the heavens** is above the clouds, the clouds block God’s view of the earth. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “indeed, he walks around on the dome of the heavens, where the clouds block his view of the earth”
22:15 cvp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠אֹ֣רַח עוֹלָ֣ם תִּשְׁמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר דָּרְכ֣וּ מְתֵי־אָֽוֶן 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. This sentence continues for the next two verses. Alternate translation: “You should not keep the old way that men of iniquity have walked”
22:15 j700 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠אֹ֣רַח עוֹלָ֣ם תִּשְׁמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר דָּרְכ֣וּ מְתֵי־אָֽוֶן 1 Eliphaz is speaking of how people live as if that were a **way** or path that people were walking along. When Eliphaz asks whether Job will **keep** that way or stay on that path, he is asking whether Job really wants to live that way himself. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Will you live as men of iniquity have customarily lived” or, as a statement, “You should not live as men of iniquity have customarily lived”
22:15 j701 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְתֵי־אָֽוֶן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
22:16 j702 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶֽׁר־קֻמְּט֥וּ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if these “men of iniquity” were literally **carried off** as if they were a bundle of sticks that someone had collected. He means that they died. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who died”
22:16 j703 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶֽׁר־קֻמְּט֥וּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom death carried off”
22:16 j704 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹא־עֵ֑ת 1 Eliphaz implicitly means that these wicked men died before it was their **time** to die. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “before it was their time to die” or “while they were still young”
22:16 j705 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נָ֝הָ֗ר יוּצַ֥ק יְסוֹדָֽ⁠ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a torrent washed away their foundations”
22:16 lc5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָ֝הָ֗ר יוּצַ֥ק יְסוֹדָֽ⁠ם 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if these wicked men were buildings that collapsed when a **torrent** of water destroyed their **foundations**. The suggestion in the image is that the men died unexpectedly and violently. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, they died unexpectedly and violently”
22:17 j706 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הָ⁠אֹמְרִ֣ים לָ֭⁠אֵל ס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ וּ⁠מַה־יִּפְעַ֖ל שַׁדַּ֣י לָֽ⁠מוֹ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the ones who told God to turn away from them and asked what Shaddai would do to them”
22:17 j707 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Eliphaz depicts these wicked people as speaking as if they wanted God literally to **turn away** from them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same expression in [21:14](../21/14.md). Alternate translation: “Do not be concerned with us”
22:17 j708 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וּ⁠מַה־יִּפְעַ֖ל שַׁדַּ֣י לָֽ⁠מוֹ 1 The wicked people are speaking about themselves in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “and, ‘What will Shaddai do to us’”
22:17 q2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מַה־יִּפְעַ֖ל שַׁדַּ֣י לָֽ⁠מוֹ 1 The wicked people are using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “and, ‘Shaddai will not do anything to us!’”
22:17 j709 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠מַה־יִּפְעַ֖ל שַׁדַּ֣י לָֽ⁠מוֹ 1 The wicked people implicitly mean that Shaddai will not do anything to punish them if they do the wrong actions that they are contemplating. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and, ‘Shaddai will not do anything to us if we do evil things!’”
22:18 jh2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠ה֤וּא מִלֵּ֣א בָתֵּי⁠הֶ֣ם ט֑וֹב 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God. Eliphaz is echoing what Job said about wicked people in [21:16](../21/16.md), “their prosperity is not in their hand,” that is, their prosperity is not of their own making. Eliphaz is saying, as Job did, that any **good** the wicked enjoy is something that God has generously given to them even though they do not deserve it. Eliphaz is agreeing with Job on that point, although he is making it in support of a different conclusion, that in the end, God actually does punish the wicked in this life. Alternate translation: “Yet God filled their houses with good”
22:18 nr68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וְ⁠ה֤וּא מִלֵּ֣א בָתֵּי⁠הֶ֣ם ט֑וֹב 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **good** as a noun to mean a certain kind of thing. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Yet he filled their houses with good things”
22:18 j710 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ⁠ה֤וּא מִלֵּ֣א בָתֵּי⁠הֶ֣ם ט֑וֹב 1 Eliphaz says **filled** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Yet he generously gave them many good things”
22:18 l57x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠עֲצַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים רָ֣חֲקָה מֶֽ⁠נִּי 1 Eliphaz is echoing what Job said in [21:16](../21/16.md). He is speaking as if he wanted the **counsel of the wicked** literally to be **far** away from him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [21:16](../21/16.md). Alternate translation: “so I want nothing to do with the counsel of the wicked”
22:19 ku9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִרְא֣וּ צַדִּיקִ֣ים 1 Eliphaz implicitly means that the righteous **see** what happens to wicked people. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The righteous see what happens to wicked people”
22:19 q2jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj צַדִּיקִ֣ים & וְ֝⁠נָקִ֗י 1 Eliphaz is using the adjectives **righteous** and **innocent** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Righteous people … and innocent people”
22:20 j4fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑⁠נוּ וְ֝⁠יִתְרָ֗⁠ם אָ֣כְלָה אֵֽשׁ 1 The pronoun **their** refers to the **enemy** mentioned in the first part of the verse. It may be more natural in your language to make the pronoun agree in number. Since Eliphaz speaks of wicked people in the plural in these verses, you may find it appropriate to do that by saying “enemies.” Alternate translation: “If our enemies are not cut off? And fire has devoured their possessions”
22:20 j711 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑⁠נוּ וְ֝⁠יִתְרָ֗⁠ם אָ֣כְלָה אֵֽשׁ 1 Eliphaz is quoting what righteous and innocent people say about wicked people whom God destroys. If that would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that in your translation. Alternate translation: “They say, ‘If our enemies are not cut off? And fire has devoured their possessions!’”
22:20 j712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑⁠נוּ וְ֝⁠יִתְרָ֗⁠ם אָ֣כְלָה אֵֽשׁ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “They say that their enemies have been cut off and that fire has devoured their possessions”
22:20 j713 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑⁠נוּ 1 The righteous and innocent people are using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have been cut off, have they not”
22:20 j714 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑⁠נוּ 1 The righteous and innocent people are using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have been cut off!”
22:20 jwg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑⁠נוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “God has cut off our enemies!”
22:20 j715 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑⁠נוּ 1 To make a different point, that God actually judges wicked people in this life, Eliphaz is echoing what Job said in [21:21](../21/21.md) when he spoke of a wicked person dying as if he were literally being **cut off**, like a branch from a tree. See how you translated the similar expression there. Alternate translation: “God has ended the lives of our enemies!”
22:20 j716 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠יִתְרָ֗⁠ם אָ֣כְלָה אֵֽשׁ 1 Eliphaz depicts innocent and righteous people as speaking as if **fire** had destroyed the **possessions** of wicked people. Eliphaz depicts them as speaking as if the fire had literally **devoured** or eaten the possessions. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they have lost their possessions” or “And other people will now get their possessions”
22:21 aj2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַסְכֶּן־נָ֣א עִמּ֑⁠וֹ וּ⁠שְׁלם 1 Eliphaz is echoing his own words at the beginning of this speech and Job’s words in his preceding speech. In verse 2, Eliphaz insisted that a person cannot be “useful to God,” that is, a person can do nothing to win God’s favor or to put God under obligation. Here Eliphaz uses a different form of the same verb to encourage Job to **Reconcile** with God. A person, he says, can at least cultivate a good relationship with God. Job said in [21:19](../21/19.md) that he wished God would “repay” wicked people, that is, punish them. Eliphaz uses the same verb here to encourage Job to be **at peace** with God, with the suggestion that to that end, Job should do whatever is necessary to make up for any wrong things he has done. Your language may have terms that you can use here and in [21:19](../21/19.md) and [22:2](../22/02.md) in order to show these connections.
22:21 z6jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠שְׁלם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and have a peaceful relationship with him”
22:21 j717 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בָּ֝⁠הֶ֗ם 1 The pronoun **these** refers to the actions of reconciling and being at peace with God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “if you do these things”
22:21 j718 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj תְּֽבוֹאַתְ⁠ךָ֥ טוֹבָֽה 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **good** as a noun to mean a certain kind of thing. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “good things will come to you”
22:21 j719 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּֽבוֹאַתְ⁠ךָ֥ טוֹבָֽה 1 Eliphaz is speaking of **good** as if it were a living thing that could **come** to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will have good things once again”
22:22 ll7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קַח & מִ⁠פִּ֣י⁠ו תּוֹרָ֑ה 1 Eliphaz is using the term **mouth** by association to mean what God says by using his mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let what God says instruct you”
22:22 y867 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שִׂ֥ים אֲ֝מָרָ֗י⁠ו בִּ⁠לְבָבֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job could literally **set** God’s **words** in his **heart**. He is using the **heart** to represent the memory. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, carefully remember his words”
22:22 dp7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠שִׂ֥ים אֲ֝מָרָ֗י⁠ו בִּ⁠לְבָבֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is using the term **words** to mean what God says by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, carefully remember what he says”
22:23 x1jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result תִּבָּנֶ֑ה תַּרְחִ֥יק עַ֝וְלָ֗ה מֵ⁠אָהֳלֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the phrase **if you distance unrighteousness from your tent**, like the phrase ** If you return to Shaddai**, gives the reason for the result that would follow, **you will be built up**. Alternate translation: “if you distance unrighteousness from your tent, you will be built up”
22:23 j720 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּבָּנֶ֑ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will build you up”
22:23 mz1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּבָּנֶ֑ה 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job were a building that God would rebuild after it had been ruined. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God will restore you to health and prosperity”
22:23 kbt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּרְחִ֥יק עַ֝וְלָ֗ה מֵ⁠אָהֳלֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if **unrighteousness** were an object that Job could literally set at some **distance** from the **tent** in which he lives. In this image, the tent represents Job’s life. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if you stop practicing unrighteousness in your life”
22:23 j721 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּרְחִ֥יק עַ֝וְלָ֗ה מֵ⁠אָהֳלֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unrighteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “if you stop doing unrighteous things”
22:24 j722 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative וְ⁠שִׁית־עַל־עָפָ֥ר בָּ֑צֶר וּ⁠בְ⁠צ֖וּר נְחָלִ֣ים אוֹפִֽיר 1 Eliphaz is using an imperative sentence to tell the condition under which something would happen. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate this as a conditional sentence. Alternate translation: “Now if you set your gold in the dust, and Ophir among the stones of the torrents”
22:24 u6qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שִׁית־עַל־עָפָ֥ר בָּ֑צֶר וּ⁠בְ⁠צ֖וּר נְחָלִ֣ים אוֹפִֽיר 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if he wants Job literally to throw away his **gold**, including the fine gold he has from the land of **Ophir**, so that it lands **in the dust** and **among the stones of the torrents**. He means that Job should not depend on gold as a source of security. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, combining the parallel statements into a single statement and conveying the emphasis of the parallelism in another way: “Now if you do not rely on gold at all”
22:24 j723 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠שִׁית־עַל־עָפָ֥ר בָּ֑צֶר וּ⁠בְ⁠צ֖וּר נְחָלִ֣ים אוֹפִֽיר 1 Eliphaz is using one type of wealth, **gold**, including fine gold from **Ophir**, to mean wealth in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And abandon your all of your wealth” or “Now if you do not rely on wealth at all”
22:24 g8dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אוֹפִֽיר 1 The word **Ophir** is the name of a land that produced gold of excellent quality.
22:24 m1gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אוֹפִֽיר 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “set Ophir”
22:24 j724 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אוֹפִֽיר 1 Eliphaz is using the name **Ophir** by association to mean gold from the country of Ophir. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “set the gold of Ophir”
22:25 wg73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הָיָ֣ה שַׁדַּ֣י בְּצָרֶ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠כֶ֖סֶף תּוֹעָפ֣וֹת לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if **Shaddai** would literally be precious metals that Job owned. He means that Job would value Shaddai more than anything else. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then you will value Shaddai more than anything else”
22:25 j725 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural בְּצָרֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is using the plural form **golds** to indicate gold of supreme excellence. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “more valuable to you than the finest gold you could possess”
22:25 wd8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural וְ⁠כֶ֖סֶף תּוֹעָפ֣וֹת 1 Eliphaz is using the plural form **heights** to indicate silver of superlative quality. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “and silver of the highest quality”
22:26 l352 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠תִשָּׂ֖א אֶל־אֱל֣וֹהַּ פָּנֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 In [10:15](../10/15.md), Job said to God, “I will not lift my head.” He means that he would look down as a symbolic action to express that he was feeling shame. Here Eliphaz responds that Job will no longer need to do that. See how you translated the similar expression in [10:15](../10/15.md). Alternate translation: “and you will no longer need to look down, away from God, in shame” or “and you will be confident that God accepts you”
22:27 j726 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יִשְׁמָעֶ֑⁠ךָּ 1 In this context, the word **hear** means to grant a request. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will grant your request”
22:27 j727 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠נְדָרֶ֥י⁠ךָ תְשַׁלֵּֽם 1 Eliphaz assumes that Job will understand that by **vows** he means the vows that a person in this culture would make to God to promise public recognition of mercies granted. The implication is that God would grant such mercies to Job and so he would have occasion to **pay** such **vows**. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you will have occasion to thank God publicly for mercies that he has granted to you”
22:28 j728 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְֽ⁠תִגְזַר־א֭וֹמֶר 1 Eliphaz is using the term **word** to mean what Job might say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will say what you want to happen” or “And you will say what you plan to do”
22:28 ldp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יָ֣קָם לָ֑⁠ךְ 1 In this context, the word **stand** means “happen,” with the idea of surety and durability. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it will certainly happen for you” or “and you will certainly be able to do it”
22:28 k1nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־דְּ֝רָכֶ֗י⁠ךָ נָ֣גַֽהּ אֽוֹר 1 Eliphaz is speaking of the plans Job might want to carry out as if they were a series of **paths** that Job would be walking along. When he says that **light** will **shine** on these paths, he means that Job will know clearly how to carry out his plans. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will know clearly how to carry out your plans successfully”
22:29 j729 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִ֭שְׁפִּילוּ וַ⁠תֹּ֣אמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if people might literally **cast** Job **down**, that is, throw him down from a height or throw him onto the ground. He is also speaking as if Job might ask God to lift him up from where people had thrown him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are in difficult circumstances and you say, ‘Help me!’”
22:29 yck5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִ֭שְׁפִּילוּ 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “when you are cast down”
22:29 j730 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ⁠תֹּ֣אמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and you ask God to lift you up”
22:29 j731 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יוֹשִֽׁעַ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God. Eliphaz is talking about the results of prayer, as he described in verse 27. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God will save”
22:29 j732 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וְ⁠שַׁ֖ח עֵינַ֣יִם 1 Job is using the adjective phrase **the lowered of eyes** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “then … the person who has lowered his eyes” or “then … the who is looking down”
22:29 xgw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠שַׁ֖ח עֵינַ֣יִם 1 In this culture, lowering one’s **eyes** was a symbolic action that indicated that one was in difficult circumstances and felt humbled by them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “then … the person who is humbled by being in difficult circumstances”
22:29 j733 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠שַׁ֖ח עֵינַ֣יִם 1 Eliphaz is speaking about Job in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “then … you from the difficult circumstances that have humbled you”
22:30 j734 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְֽמַלֵּ֥ט & וְ֝⁠נִמְלַ֗ט 1 The pronoun **He** in the first part of this verse refers to God, while the pronoun **he** in the second part of the verse refers to a person who is not innocent. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God will rescue … indeed, that person will be rescued”
22:30 j735 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אִֽי־נָקִ֑י 1 Job is using the adjective **not-innocent** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are not innocent” or “people who are guilty of sin”
22:30 j736 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ֝⁠נִמְלַ֗ט 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “indeed, God will rescue him”
22:30 wrz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠בֹ֣ר כַּפֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is likely using the term **hands** by association to mean “prayers,” since people in this culture lifted their hands when they prayed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through the cleanness of your prayers”
22:30 f84n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠בֹ֣ר כַּפֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job would have literally refrained from doing things that would make his **hands** dirty. He means that Job would not have done wrong things, and so he could offer prayers to God as an innocent person whose prayers God would answer. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through the prayers that you, as an innocent person, offer for him”
23:intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of Job’s response to Eliphaz’s third and final speech. Job’s response continues in the next chapter.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Legal proceeding\n\nIn this chapter, Job speaks of making a legal case to prove his innocence to God. As a note to [9:3](../09/03.md) explains, in this culture, people typically presented such cases to community leaders in public places such as the gate of a town. Each party in a dispute would question the other party in the presence of the leaders, and the leaders would then discuss the case and decide which party was guilty and which party was innocent. However, the Bible indicates that judges would also travel around from place to place and hear cases. For example, [1 Samuel 7:16–17](../1sa/07/16.md) says that Samuel “went around to Bethel and Gilgal and Mizpah and judged Israel in all those places.” Job is envisioning God serving as this kind of judge and hearing his case. In your translation, express his language in such a way that readers who are familiar with the legal process in your own culture will recognize what Job is saying.n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### “he,” “him,” and “his”\n\nThe pronouns “he,” “him,” and “his” refer to God throughout this chapter. The UST models how a translation may say “God” regularly in order to make this clear.\n\n###“my hand” or “his hand” (23:2)\n\nIn verse 2, Hebrew manuscripts read “my hand.” The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient translations of the Hebrew Bible into other languages say “his hand,” and some modern versions follow that reading. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT.
23:2 fi9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּם־הַ֭⁠יּוֹם 1 Job is using this expression to emphasize to his friends that their arguments have not changed his situation at all.. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Despite all the things you have said to me,”
23:2 ke1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְרִ֣י שִׂחִ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if his **complaint** about what has happened to him is **bitter** or bad-tasting. The image is that what he says is so unpleasant that it leaves a bad taste in his mouth when he says it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have many unpleasant things to complain about”
23:2 cm2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָ֝דִ֗⁠י כָּבְדָ֥ה עַל־אַנְחָתִֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if he were literally holding his **hand** down hard on his **groaning** in order to suppress it. He means that there is more that he could groan or complain about than he has actually stated yet. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have been suppressing my groaning”
23:3 pn2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן יָ֭דַעְתִּי וְ⁠אֶמְצָאֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 See how you translated the expression **Who will give** in [11:5–6](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I wish that I knew and I would find him!”
23:3 rpr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys יָ֭דַעְתִּי וְ⁠אֶמְצָאֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **knew** tells in what way Job would be able to **find** God. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “I knew where to find him”
23:3 j737 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָ֭דַעְתִּי וְ⁠אֶמְצָאֵ֑⁠הוּ & תְּכוּנָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 The pronouns **him** and **his** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “I knew where to find God … the place where God lives”
23:4 u14t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in his presence” or “to him personally”
23:4 vtm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠פִ֗⁠י אֲמַלֵּ֥א תוֹכָחֽוֹת 1 Job is speaking as if **arguments** were objects with which he could literally **fill** his mouth. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I would make many arguments as I spoke”
23:5 s5td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֭דְעָה מִלִּ֣ים יַעֲנֵ֑⁠נִי 1 Job is using the term **words** to mean what God would say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I would know what he would tell me in response”
23:6 p72s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַךְ־ה֝֗וּא יָשִׂ֥ם בִּֽ⁠י 1 Job is leaving out some of the words of a characteristic Hebrew expression that occurs in full form in [1:8](../01/08.md), [2:3](../02/03.md), and [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “he would only set his heart upon me”
23:6 tw6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַךְ־ה֝֗וּא יָשִׂ֥ם בִּֽ⁠י 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:8](../01/08.md), [2:3](../02/03.md), and [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “he would only consider what I had to say”
23:7 lx63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁ֗ם 1 **There** implicitly means in God’s presence, as Job describes in verses 3 and 4. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “In God’s presence,”
23:7 j738 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense יָ֭שָׁר נוֹכָ֣ח עִמּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Job is using the participle **arguing** to depict action as occurring regularly in order to indicate that it is possible. Alternate translation: “the upright can reason with him”
23:7 j739 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person יָ֭שָׁר נוֹכָ֣ח עִמּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Job is likely referring to himself when he speaks of an **upright** person. In that case, he would be speaking of himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “an upright person like me can reason with him” or “I, as an upright person, can reason with him”
23:7 aw1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj יָ֭שָׁר 1 Job is using the adjective **upright** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “an upright person”
23:8 tfb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge 0 In this verse and the next verse, Job is using the four major directions to mean everywhere in creation. He is speaking of looking everywhere for the “place” where God lives, as he described in verse 3. To show this, you could create a verse bridge for verses 8–9. It might say something like this: “Behold, I could go everywhere in creation, and I might see evidence of God at work, but I would not find him personally”
23:9 ja9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׂמֹ֣אול בַּ⁠עֲשֹׂת֣⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹא־אָ֑חַז 1 Many interpreters believe that when Job refers to God’s **working in the north**, he means the northern lights (the aurora borealis). You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when I see the northern lights, I believe that God must be present to create such beauty, but if I went to the north, I would not behold him personally”
23:10 lq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ עִמָּדִ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking of how he has been living as if that were a **way** or path that he has been walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how I have been living”
23:10 x7cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture בְּ֝חָנַ֗⁠נִי כַּ⁠זָּהָ֥ב אֵצֵֽא 1 Job is using the past tense in order to refer to something that he hopes will happen in the future. He is doing this to describe what he is confident the outcome would be. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “when he tests me, I will come out like gold”
23:10 v4c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile בְּ֝חָנַ֗⁠נִי כַּ⁠זָּהָ֥ב אֵצֵֽא 1 The point of this comparison is that just as genuine **gold** is shown to be pure when it is **tested**, so God giving Job a hearing would show that he is innocent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “when he tests me, this will show that I am innocent, just as testing gold shows its purity”
23:11 w13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בַּ֭⁠אֲשֻׁר⁠וֹ אָחֲזָ֣ה רַגְלִ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if he has used his **foot** literally to hold onto each place where God had stepped. He means that he has walked exactly where God had walked, putting his feet down right where God put his feet down. Job is using this image to mean that he has obeyed God exactly. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed God exactly”
23:11 xw5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכּ֖⁠וֹ שָׁמַ֣רְתִּי וְ⁠לֹא־אָֽט 1 Job is speaking of how God wants a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person should walk along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have lived consistently in the way God wants people to live”
23:12 fg26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִצְוַ֣ת שְׂ֭פָתָי⁠ו וְ⁠לֹ֣א אָמִ֑ישׁ 1 Job is speaking as if he had not physically gone away from or **departed** from God’s **commandment**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have not disobeyed the commandment of his lips” or, positively, “I have obeyed the commandment of his lips”
23:12 m22y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִצְוַ֣ת שְׂ֭פָתָי⁠ו 1 Job is using the term **lips** by association to mean speaking, since people use their lips when they speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the commandment that he has spoken”
23:12 j740 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִצְוַ֣ת שְׂ֭פָתָי⁠ו 1 Job is not referring to a specific **commandment**. He means God’s commandments in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “from the commandments that he has spoken”
23:12 tcz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ו 1 Job is using the term **words** to mean what God has commanded by using words, and he is similarly using the term **mouth** to mean speaking, since people use their mouths when they speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things his mouth has said”
23:12 xe4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ו 1 Job is using one part of God, his **mouth**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things that he has said”
23:12 j741 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ֝⁠חֻקִּ֗⁠י 1 By **portion**, Job implicitly means his daily portion of food. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “more than the food that I eat”
23:13 j742 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠ה֣וּא בְ֭⁠אֶחָד 1 Job is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. The context suggests that Job means that God **is of one** opinion, that is, he has decided one thing definitively. If it would be clearer in your language, you can supply the missing word. Your language may have a natural expression that would suit this context. Alternate translation: “But he is of one mind”
23:13 j743 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Job is speaking as if someone might physically **turn** God **back** from going in one direction and make God go in a different direction. He is speaking of someone making God change his mind. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and who will make him change his mind”
23:13 l1d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “and no one will turn him back” or “and no one can make him change his mind”
23:13 if99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠נַפְשׁ֖⁠וֹ אִוְּתָ֣ה וַ⁠יָּֽעַשׂ 1 Job is using one part of God, his **soul**, to mean all of God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For he desires to do something, and he does it” or “For he does whatever he desires”
23:14 g641 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חֻקִּ֑⁠י 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe what God has decreed for him, not a **decree** that he has made himself. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “what he has decreed for me” or “what he has decided to do to me”
23:14 i8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠כָ⁠הֵ֖נָּה רַבּ֣וֹת עִמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **these** probably refers to the sufferings that Job is already experiencing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and he is capable afflicting me with many more sufferings if my present ones are not sufficient to fulfill his purpose”
23:15 n27i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פָּנָ֣י⁠ו אֶבָּהֵ֑ל 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “I am too terrified to be in his presence”
23:15 sw44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן 1 Job is implicitly referring to when he might **consider** all that God might still do to him. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I consider all that he might still do to me”
23:16 d4fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֭⁠אֵל הֵרַ֣ךְ לִבִּ֑⁠י 1 Here, the **heart** figuratively represents the emotions and specifically the emotion of courage. Job is speaking as if God had literally made his heart **soft**. He means that God has caused him to lose courage. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For God has caused me to lose courage”
23:17 j744 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּֽי 1 Job is using the word **For** to explain the reason why he is terrified of God, as he described in the previous two verses. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am terrified of God because”
23:17 j745 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א נִ֭צְמַתִּי 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God did not cut me off”
23:17 dng4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א נִ֭צְמַתִּי 1 Job is speaking as if he might literally have been **cut off**, as if he were a branch on a tree, for example. He is talking about dying. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I did not die” or “God did not let me die”
23:17 j746 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ 1 In this instance, the phrase **from the face of** means “in front of” or “before.” It refers to time rather than to place. Alternate translation: “before the time of darkness” or “before the darkness came”
23:17 j747 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ 1 Job is using the term **darkness** to represent troubles. See how you translated the similar expression in [20:26](../20/26.md). Alternate translation: “before these troubles began”
23:17 qpa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝⁠מִ⁠פָּנַ֗⁠י כִּסָּה־אֹֽפֶל 1 In this instance, the phrase **from my face ** means “in front of.” It could refer either to place or to time. Alternate translation: “and gloom covers everything in front of me” or “and gloom covers everything that will happen to me in the future”
23:17 j748 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠מִ⁠פָּנַ֗⁠י כִּסָּה־אֹֽפֶל 1 Job is speaking as if **gloom** were literally covering everything in front of him or everything that would happen to him in the future. He is using **gloom**, like **darkness** earlier in the verse, to represent troubles. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and there is trouble everywhere I look” or “and I can only anticipate further trouble happening to me”
24:intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz’s third and final speech. Job’s response began in the previous chapter.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s judgment of wicked people\n\nIn verses 1–17, Job protests that God does not judge wicked people. He lists many oppressive things that wicked people do to vulnerable, innocent people, and he complains that God acts as if there is nothing wrong with those things. But in verses 18–24, Job then describes how God actually does judge wicked people. There is an explanation for this apparent contradiction. In the speech as a whole, Job is saying that he knows God will judge wicked people in the end, but it is very distressing to him that God does not judge and punish them now in order to keep them from continuing to oppress vulnerable people. In your translation, you can use language that shows that Job firmly believes what he says in both parts of the chapter, since it is actually consistent for him to say both that God seemingly does not judge wicked people now and that God ultimately will judge wicked people in the end. This is not a contradiction, it is a paradox, and the Bible speaks of it in other passages as well. For example, [Ecclesiastes 8:11](../08/11.md) says that because God does not immediately punish people who do wrong, people feel that they can get away with doing wrong. But Ecclesiastes goes on to say in the next verse that even if a sinner might do a hundred evil things and live a long time, it is still better to obey God.\n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### Changing referents of “they”\n\nJob uses the word “they” throughout this chapter to mean both wicked people and the poor people whom they exploit. He does not often indicate when he changing the referent of the word. Notes indicate the referent in each verse. In your translation, to be helpful to your readers, you may wish to specify “wicked people” or “poor people” each time the referent changes.
24:1 thc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are times not set by Shaddai? And {why} do the ones knowing him not see his days? 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Times should be set by Shaddai! The ones knowing him ought to see his days!”
24:1 ej3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Why are times not set by Shaddai 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why does Shaddai not set times” or, as an exclamation, “Shaddai should set times!”
24:1 mg7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit times 1 Job implicitly means **times** for judgment. (See the discussion in the General Notes to chapter 23 of how judges in Israel would come to specific places at appointed times.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “times for judgment”
24:1 j749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And {why} do the ones knowing him not see his days? 1 In this context, to **see** means to experience. See how you translated the similar expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). Alternate translation: “And why do the ones knowing him not experience his days?”
24:1 j750 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit his days 1 Job implicitly means **days** on which God would judge wicked people. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “days on which God judges wicked people”
24:2 h88w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns They remove boundary markers 1 The pronoun **They** refers to wicked people, not to “the ones knowing” God in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. The pronoun **they** in the second part of the verse also refers to wicked people, and that is also the reference in the next two verses. Alternate translation: “Wicked people remove boundary markers”
24:2 pse5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They remove boundary markers 1 Job implicitly means that wicked people steal land from others by removing the **boundary markers** that indicate property lines and arguing that their property extends farther into their neighbor’s land than it actually does. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “They steal land from others by removing boundary markers”
24:2 mn98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun they seize the flock and pasture {it} 1 Job is not referring to a specific **flock**. He means flocks in general that wicked people steal from vulnerable people such as widows and orphans, whom he names specifically in the next verse. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “they seize flocks and pasture them”
24:2 j751 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and pasture {it} 1 Job implicitly means that wicked people steal flocks from others and **pasture** them with their own flocks as if they had owned them all along. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and put others’ animals in with their own as if those animals belonged to them”
24:3 fml5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun The donkey of the fatherless, they lead away; they take in pledge the ox of the widow. 1 Job is not referring to a specific **donkey**, **fatherless** person, **ox**, or **widow**. He means those animals and people in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “Wicked people lead away donkeys that belong to fatherless people; they take in pledge oxen that belong to widows”
24:3 y9i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the fatherless 1 Job is using the adjective **fatherless** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “children whose fathers have died” or “orphans”
24:3 m884 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they take in pledge 1 See the note to [22:6](../22/06.md) about the cultural practice of taking possessions **in pledge**. See how you translated the similar expression there.
24:4 j752 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor & the needy 1 Job is using the adjectives **needy** and **poor** as nouns to mean certain groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “needy people … poor people”
24:4 lzi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They turn the needy from the way 1 This could mean: (1) that needy people avoid walking on the main road or **way** in order to avoid wicked people who would exploit them. In that sense, it is as if the wicked people are actively forcing the needy people off the road. Alternate translation: “Needy people stay off the main roads in order to avoid wicked people” (2) that wicked people push needy people aside on the road so that they can go ahead of them. Alternate translation: “Wicked people push needy people aside on the road so that they can go ahead of them”
24:4 r5d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the poor of the land are hidden together 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Wicked people are the implied agent. Job is not saying simply that poor people hide themselves to avoid the wicked; he is saying that wicked people force poor people to hide themselves to escape oppression. Alternate translation: “all the poor people of the land have to hide in order to avoid the wicked people who would oppress them”
24:5 m813 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like wild donkeys in the wilderness they go out in their work 1 The point of this comparison is that the need to escape from oppressive wicked people forces poor people to go far away from human community, **like wild donkeys in the wilderness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “like wild donkeys in the wilderness, far away from human community,”
24:5 d79k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they go out 1 Here and through verse 8, the pronoun **they** refers to poor people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “poor people go out”
24:5 yaj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun {is} to him bread for their children 1 The pronoun **him** does not refer to a specific poor person. Job means poor people in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “provides them with bread for their children”
24:5 j753 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche {is} to him bread for their children 1 Job is using one kind of, **bread**, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general term in your translation, or you could name the kind of food that people would find in the **Arabah** or desert. Alternate translation: “provides them with roots and herbs to feed to their children”
24:6 j8dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns They gather his fodder in the field, and the vineyard of the wicked they glean 1 The pronoun **him** could refer to: (1) the wicked person whom Job mentions in the second part of the verse. If that is the meaning, it may be helpful to mention the wicked person in the first part of the verse instead. Alternate translation: “Poor people gather fodder for their animals from what the wicked person has left in his field, and they glean in his vineyard” (2) an individual poor person. Alternate translation: “Each of these poor people gathers his fodder in the field, and they all glean the vineyard of the wicked”
24:6 j754 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj and the vineyard of the wicked 1 Job is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “and the vineyard of a wicked person”
24:6 j755 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and the vineyard of the wicked 1 Job is not referring to a specific **wicked** person. He means wicked people in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and the vineyards of wicked people”
24:7 u7w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit naked 1 As in [22:6](../22/06.md), the word **naked** here does not mean without any clothing. Rather, as the context indicates, it means without sufficient clothing, in this case without an outer **garment** that would also serve as a blanket. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “exposed”
24:7 j756 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit without a garment 1 The poor people that Job is talking about may be **without a garment** because: (1) wicked people have taken their outer garments in pledge and not returned them, as Eliphaz describes in [22:6](../22/06.md). This would suit the context, in which Job is describing how wicked people oppress poor people. Alternate translation: “without a garment because wicked people have taken their garments in pledge and not returned them” (2) they are too poor to afford outer garments. Alternate translation: “without outer garments because they have become too poor to afford them”
24:8 a2gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and from {being} without shelter 1 In this instance, the word **without** means “without any other.” You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and because they have no other shelter,”
24:8 j5eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun they hug the rock 1 Job is not referring to a specific **rock**. He means rocks in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “they hug the rocks”
24:8 j757 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they hug the rock 1 Job is using this expression to mean that poor people huddle up close to rocks seeking shelter from the rain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they huddle up close to rocks”
24:9 ma3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns They snatch & they bind {a pledge} 1 The pronoun **They** in the first part of the verse and the pronoun **they** in the second part of the verse refer to wicked people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Wicked people snatch … wicked people bind a pledge”
24:9 ahj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the fatherless & the poor 1 Job is using the adjectives **fatherless** and **poor** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “fatherless children … poor people” or “children whose fathers have died … people who are poor”
24:9 t1ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They snatch the fatherless from the breast 1 Job implicitly means that wicked people snatch **fatherless** children **from the breast** of their mother, that is, while they are nursing, in order to claim the children as slaves in payment of a debt. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Wicked people even take infants away from their mothers while they are nursing, in order to claim the children as slaves in payment of a debt”
24:9 yq41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and upon the poor they bind {a pledge} 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [22:6](../22/06.md). Alternate translation: “and they require the poor to give them their outer garments as security for loans”
24:10 u922 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns They go about & they carry 1 The pronoun **They** in the first part of the verse and the pronoun **they** in the second part of the verse refer to poor people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Poor people go about … poor people carry”
24:10 eps1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They go about naked, without clothing 1 As in [22:6](../22/06.md), the word **naked** here does not mean without any clothing. Job is describing the result of what he said at the end of the previous verse, that wicked people “bind a pledge” upon the poor, that is, they take their outer garments as security for loans. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Because wicked people take their outer garments in pledge, poor people go about exposed to the elements, not having sufficient clothing”
24:10 j758 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and, hungry, they carry a sheaf 1 Job is not referring to a specific **sheaf**. He means sheaves in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “and, hungry, they carry sheaves”
24:10 qj7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and, hungry, they carry a sheaf 1 Job is saying that poor people must try to earn money to feed themselves by working as day laborers harvesting the grain in the fields of wicked people, but those poor people still go **hungry**, even with all that food around, because the wicked people do not pay or feed their workers adequately. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and they are hungry, even though they work as harvesters, because the wicked people who own the fields they are harvesting do not pay or feed them adequately”
24:11 fp3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Within their walls they press oil; they tread their winepresses, but they thirst. 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to poor people and the pronoun **their** refers to wicked people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Within the walls of wicked people, poor people press oil; poor people tread the winepresses of wicked people, but those poor people suffer thirst”
24:11 rks1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they press oil 1 Job is referring to the way that workers would **press oil** from olives, which were a staple food in this culture. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. You could also use a general expression if your readers might not be familiar with olives. Alternate translation: “they press oil from olives” or “they work hard to produce oil from plants”
24:11 a1m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they tread their winepresses, but they thirst 1 Job is commenting here on the injustice of wicked people having poor people **tread their winepresses** but then not giving them any of the wine to drink. (In this culture, the water was often unsafe to drink and the wine had a low alcohol content. People drank wine to quench their thirst, and they could do that without getting drunk. Job is not saying that the wicked people should have given the poor people wine so that they could get drunk, only that they should have given them wine to quench their thirst.) See how you expressed the implicit meaning in the previous verse, where Job described how poor people carried grain but went hungry. Alternate translation: “they are thirsty, even though they work treading winepresses, because the wicked people who own the presses do not give them any of the wine to quench their thirst”
24:12 j759 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations men 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “men and women”
24:12 j760 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj and the soul of the wounded cries out 1 Job is using the adjective **wounded** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “and the souls of wounded people cry out”
24:12 j761 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and the soul of the wounded cries out 1 Job is using one part of a **wounded** person, his **soul**, to mean all of him in the act of crying out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and wounded people cry out”
24:12 j762 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and the soul of the wounded cries out 1 Job implicitly means that these people are crying out to God for justice. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and wounded people cry out to God for justice”
24:12 j763 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but God does not ascribe impropriety 1 Job implicitly means that God seems to feel that there is nothing wrong with what the wicked people are doing, and so God does not punish them in response to the poor people’s cries for justice. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “but God does not punish the wicked people who have caused their suffering”
24:13 m581 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns They & they do not regard & they do not stay 1 The pronoun **They** at the start of the verse and the two instances of the pronoun **they** later in the verse refer to the wicked people whom Job has been describing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “These wicked people … these wicked people … they”
24:13 dl4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {against} the light 1 Job is speaking as if **light** were an authority and these wicked people were **rebelling** against it. Job is using light to represent what God has revealed to humans about how they should live. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against God’s moral revelation”
24:13 djk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they do not regard its ways, and they do not stay in its paths 1 Job is speaking as if **light** maintained certain **ways** and **paths** that people should walk along. He means that God’s revelation shows people how they should conduct their lives. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not regard the manner of life that God has shown people they should follow; no, they live in a different way”
24:13 j764 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they do not regard its ways 1 Here the word **regard** means “look at” with the implication of looking with approval. Alternate translation: “they do not admire its ways”
24:13 j765 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives and they do not stay in its paths 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a positive expression. Alternate translation: “and they leave its paths”
24:14 j766 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom At light 1 This expression describes the time of day when it is just beginning to get **light**. There is enough light for the **murderer** to see, but not enough light for him to be identified. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In the morning twilight,”
24:14 j767 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the murderer arises; he kills & and he is like a thief 1 Job is not referring to a specific **murderer**. He means murderers in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “murderers arise; they kill … and they are like thieves”
24:14 j768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor and the needy 1 Job is using the adjectives **poor** and **needy** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “poor people and needy people”
24:14 u116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the poor and the needy 1 The terms **relaxed** and **reposed** mean similar things. Job is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “desperately poor people”
24:14 d2ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile and he is like a thief in the night 1 The point of this comparison is that the **murderer** escapes apprehension because he commits his crime in dim light and at a time when people are sleeping. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he is like a thief in the night, whom no one sees commit his crime”
24:15 mza9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And the eye of the adulterer 1 Job is using one part of an **adulterer**, his **eye**, to mean all of him in the act of watching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the adulterer”
24:15 jp3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the adulterer 1 Job is not referring to a specific **adulterer**. He is describing the behavior that is characteristic of any adulterer. It may be more natural in your language to make **adulterer** an indefinite noun rather than a definite one. Alternate translation: “an adulterer”
24:15 ymp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes saying, ‘No eye will perceive me,’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying to himself that no one will perceive him”
24:15 ewy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche No eye will perceive me 1 The characteristic adulterer is using one part of someone who might **perceive** him, that person’s **eye**, to mean all of him in the act of perceiving. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “No one will perceive me”
24:15 j769 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and he puts a cover {over} {his} face 1 Job is not speaking of a **cover** that would keep the **adulterer** from seeing. He is speaking of a disguise intended to keep people from recognizing who the adulterer is. You could express this in a way that would be familiar in your culture. Alternate translation: “and he pulls his hat down low over his face”
24:16 j770 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns One digs into houses 1 The pronoun **One** refers to a wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Since, as the rest of the verse shows, Job is actually describing behavior that is characteristic of wicked people in general, you may wish to use a plural term. Alternate translation: “Wicked people dig into houses”
24:16 c35g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He digs into houses 1 In this culture, **houses** were made of clay or sun-dried brick, so thieves could gain entry to a house most easily by digging through one of its walls. If houses in your culture are made of different materials that a thief would not or could not dig through, you may wish to use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “He breaks into houses” or “Wicked people break into houses”
24:16 k9sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they shut themselves up 1 This expression means to stay indoors. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they stay indoors”
24:16 j771 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they do not know the light 1 This expression means that wicked people are not familiar with **light**, and the reason is that they do not leave their homes when it is light. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not go out when it is light”
24:16 j772 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they do not know the light 1 While the word **light** here is literal, since Job is using it to mean **day**, there is also a moral overtone, as in verse 13, where Job said that wicked people rebel against the light, meaning God’s revelation. If your language has a term for “light” that also has these moral connotations, it would be appropriate to use it here in your translation.
24:17 j773 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For together 1 Job is using the word **For** to give the reason why he said in the preceding verse that wicked people do not go out during the day. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “They go not go out because for all of them”
24:17 j774 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns morning for them & one regards 1 The pronoun **them** refers to wicked people, and the pronoun **one** refers to a representative or characteristic wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “morning for wicked people … each one of them”
24:17 g55x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor morning for them {is} deep darkness 1 Job is speaking as if **morning** were literally **deep darkness** for wicked people. He means that they dread and avoid morning just as honest people dread and avoid the night. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they dread the morning as if it were deep darkness”
24:17 y5ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit one regards 1 As in [24:13](../24/13.md), here the word **regards** means “looks at” with the implication of looking with approval. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “each one of them admires”
24:18 ay3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast He (is} swift on the face of the waters 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point in his speech, Job implicitly begins to draw a contrast between the present situation of wicked people and their ultimate fate. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless, he is swift”
24:18 lat6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He (is} swift on the face of the waters 1 Here the word **face** means “surface.” Alternate translation: “He (is} swift on the surface of the waters”
24:18 f772 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He (is} swift on the face of the waters 1 Job is speaking as if a wicked person were literally something light that would float on the surface of the **waters** of a brook or river and pass swiftly downstream. He means that a wicked person only flourishes for a short time and then is gone. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Since Job speaks of wicked people in the plural in the next phrase, you may wish to use the plural in this phrase as well. Alternate translation: “Wicked people flourish only for a short time, then they are gone, like debris that water carries swiftly downstream”
24:18 j775 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one does not turn {to} the way of their vineyards 1 This expression means that no one goes to work in the **vineyards** of wicked people. Since Job says in verse 13 that poor people do work in their vineyards, he is talking here about what will happen to wicked people in the future. Alternate translation: “their vineyards will be abandoned”
24:19 u6db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Drought and heat strip away the waters of snow; Sheol, {those who} have sinned 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Job is drawing a comparison. Alternate translation: “Just as drought and heat strip away the waters of snow, so Sheol strips away those who have sinned.”
24:19 b8g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor strip away the waters of snow 1 Job is speaking as if, in the hot season, **Drought** and **heat** literally **strip away** the **waters** in his arid region that come from melting **snow** in the mountains. He means that the heat makes these waters evaporate. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “make water from melted snow evaporate”
24:20 hnl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns The womb will forget him, the worm will dine on him, until he is not remembered 1 The pronouns **him** and **he** refers to a wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “The womb will forget a wicked person, the worm will dine on that person, until he is not remembered”
24:20 dg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The womb will forget him 1 Job is using the term **womb** by association to mean the mother who carried the wicked person in her womb and gave birth to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As for a wicked person, even his own mother will forget him”
24:20 ja3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony the worm will dine on him 1 The term translated **dine** means to eat with enjoyment. Job is describing an ironic consequence that wicked people will experience. During their lives, as he said earlier, they had oil and wine and grain that they enjoyed but did not share with others. Now, after death, they provide a satisfying meal for the worms that eat them in their graves. Your language may have a similar term that you can use in your translation.
24:20 auf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive until he is not remembered and wickedness is broken like a tree 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until no one remembers him and wickedness is like a tree that a windstorm has broken”
24:20 k6gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile and wickedness is broken like a tree 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **tree** may be **broken** (by a powerful wind, for example) so that it falls over and dies, so a wicked person will lose his possessions and status and ultimately die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and wickedness is broken, just as a windstorm knocks down a tree and it dies”
24:21 j776 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns the one devouring the barren 1 The pronoun **one** refers to a wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “A wicked person devours the barren”
24:21 ys4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one devouring 1 Job is speaking as if a wicked person would literally devour or eat up childless women and widows. He means that the wicked person would cheat and exploit them in the ways he described earlier in this speech. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one exploiting”
24:21 j777 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the barren, who has not borne 1 Job is using the adjective **barren** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the barren woman, who has not borne”
24:21 m9u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo the barren, who has not borne 1 It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “the childless woman”
24:21 j778 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the barren, who has not borne 1 Job is not referring to a specific **barren** woman. He means women in general who have not had children. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “childless women”
24:21 i5m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and he does not do good {to} the widow 1 Job is not referring to a specific **widow**. He means widows in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “and he does not do good to widows”
24:21 j779 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives and he does not do good {to} the widow 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a positive expression. Alternate translation: “and he harms the widow” or “and he harms widows”
24:22 xl8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns But he drags away the mighty by his power 1 In this first part of the verse, the pronouns **he** and **his** refer to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “But God drags away the mighty by his power”
24:22 ps1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he drags away 1 Job is speaking as if God literally **drags away** people who are **mighty**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he destroys”
24:22 j780 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 1 Job is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “mighty people”
24:22 x59s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns he arises and he does not believe in life 1 Interpreters are uncertain as to whom the pronoun **he** refers in the two instances in the second part of this verse. This could mean: (1) that God **arises** against mighty people, so that each one of them realizes that he is doomed. Alternate translation: “God arises against them, so that each one of them despairs of life” (2) that a wicked person **arises** or prospers for a time, but he has no assurance of a long life. Alternate translation: “a wicked person may prosper for a time, but he has no assurance of a long life”
24:23 j781 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns He gives him security and he is supported, but his eyes are on their ways. 1 The pronoun **He** in its first instance and the pronoun **his** refer to God, and the pronoun **he** in its second instance and the pronoun **him** refer to a wicked person. The pronoun **them** refers to wicked people in general. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God gives a wicked person security, and that person is supported, but God’s eyes are on the ways of wicked people”
24:23 j782 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He gives him security and he is supported 1 If your language would not use the passive form **he is supported**, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you would need to say who does the action, the context indicates that it is God. Alternate translation: “God gives him security and supports him”
24:23 j783 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He gives him security and he is supported 1 These two phrases mean similar things. Job is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them. While Job seems to say that God actively **gives** security and support to wicked people, the idea is that God actually allows these things. Alternate translation: “God may allow a wicked person to feel a sense of security”
24:23 qks3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche but his eyes are on their ways 1 Job is using one part of God, his **eyes**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. Sight, in turn, represents awareness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “text” Alternate translation: “but he watches their ways carefully” or “but he is very aware of their ways”
24:23 j784 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but his eyes are on their ways 1 Job is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he is very aware of how wicked people are living”
24:24 yq9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns They are exalted 1 The pronoun **They** (or **they**) refers to wicked people in all of its instances in this verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in the first instance. Alternate translation: “Wicked people are exalted”
24:24 j785 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They are exalted 1 Job is speaking of wicked people as if they were literally **exalted** or raised up to a high position. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They achieve greatness”
24:24 j786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They are exalted 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They achieve greatness”
24:24 j787 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a little 1 This could mean: (1) that wicked people are exalted for a **little** while. Alternate translation: “for a short time” (2) that wicked people are exalted a **little** bit. Alternate translation: “to a limited extent”
24:24 b7v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive then they are brought low 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “then God brings them low”
24:24 j788 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor then they are brought low 1 Job is speaking as if wicked people were literally **brought low** or moved down to a low position. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Since this phrase repeats the meaning of **then they do not exist**, the meaning seems to be that they die. Alternate translation: “indeed, they die”
24:24 j5za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom like all, they are gathered, and like the tops of ears of grain they are cut off 1 The phrase **they are gathered** could be: (1) a characteristic Hebrew expression that describes death. Alternate translation: “like all people, they are die; yes, like the tops of ears of grain, they are cut off” (2) part of the comparison to **ears of grain**. In that case, it would be appropriate to translate it literally. Alternate translation: “like all people, they are gathered and cut off like the tops of ears of grain”
24:24 ix1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive like all, they are gathered, and like the tops of ears of grain they are cut off 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: (1) “God gathers them among the dead, as he does all people; yes, God cuts them off like the tops of ears of grain” or (2) “as he does to all people, God gathers them and cuts them off like the tops of ears of grain”
24:25 cfk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion And if not, then who will falsify me and make my word nothing? 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And if anyone believes that what I have said is not true, then I challenge him to prove me wrong and show that what I have said is not valid”
24:25 j789 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And if not 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if what I am saying is not true”
24:25 iy58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and make my word nothing 1 This expression means to show that something is of no value, that is, not valid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and show that my word is not valid”
24:25 j790 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my word 1 Job is using the term **word** to mean what he has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I have said”
24:1 thc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ מִ֭⁠שַּׁדַּי לֹא־נִצְפְּנ֣וּ עִתִּ֑ים וְ֝יֹדְעָ֗יו לֹא־חָ֥זוּ יָמָֽי⁠ו\n\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Times should be set by Shaddai! The ones knowing him ought to see his days!”
24:1 ej3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַדּ֗וּעַ מִ֭⁠שַּׁדַּי לֹא־נִצְפְּנ֣וּ עִתִּ֑ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why does Shaddai not set times” or, as an exclamation, “Shaddai should set times!”
24:1 mg7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עִתִּ֑ים 1 Job implicitly means **times** for judgment. (See the discussion in the General Notes to chapter 23 of how judges in Israel would come to specific places at appointed times.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “times for judgment”
24:1 j749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝יֹדְעָ֗יו לֹא־חָ֥זוּ יָמָֽי⁠ו 1 In this context, to **see** means to experience. See how you translated the similar expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). Alternate translation: “And why do the ones knowing him not experience his days?”
24:1 j750 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Job implicitly means **days** on which God would judge wicked people. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “days on which God judges wicked people”
24:2 h88w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns גְּבֻל֥וֹת יַשִּׂ֑יגוּ 1 The pronoun **They** refers to wicked people, not to “the ones knowing” God in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. The pronoun **they** in the second part of the verse also refers to wicked people, and that is also the reference in the next two verses. Alternate translation: “Wicked people remove boundary markers”
24:2 pse5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גְּבֻל֥וֹת יַשִּׂ֑יגוּ 1 Job implicitly means that wicked people steal land from others by removing the **boundary markers** that indicate property lines and arguing that their property extends farther into their neighbor’s land than it actually does. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “They steal land from others by removing boundary markers”
24:2 mn98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֵ֥דֶר גָּ֝זְל֗וּ וַ⁠יִּרְעֽוּ 1 Job is not referring to a specific **flock**. He means flocks in general that wicked people steal from vulnerable people such as widows and orphans, whom he names specifically in the next verse. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “they seize flocks and pasture them”
24:2 j751 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּרְעֽוּ 1 Job implicitly means that wicked people steal flocks from others and **pasture** them with their own flocks as if they had owned them all along. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and put others’ animals in with their own as if those animals belonged to them”
24:3 fml5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חֲמ֣וֹר יְתוֹמִ֣ים יִנְהָ֑גוּ יַ֝חְבְּל֗וּ שׁ֣וֹר אַלְמָנָֽה 1 Job is not referring to a specific **donkey**, **fatherless** person, **ox**, or **widow**. He means those animals and people in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “Wicked people lead away donkeys that belong to fatherless people; they take in pledge oxen that belong to widows”
24:3 y9i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj יְתוֹמִ֣ים 1 Job is using the adjective **fatherless** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “children whose fathers have died” or “orphans”
24:3 m884 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַ֝חְבְּל֗וּ 1 See the note to [22:6](../22/06.md) about the cultural practice of taking possessions **in pledge**. See how you translated the similar expression there.
24:4 lzi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַטּ֣וּ אֶבְיוֹנִ֣ים מִ⁠דָּ֑רֶךְ 1 This could mean: (1) that needy people avoid walking on the main road or **way** in order to avoid wicked people who would exploit them. In that sense, it is as if the wicked people are actively forcing the needy people off the road. Alternate translation: “Needy people stay off the main roads in order to avoid wicked people” (2) that wicked people push needy people aside on the road so that they can go ahead of them. Alternate translation: “Wicked people push needy people aside on the road so that they can go ahead of them”
24:4 j752 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אֶבְיוֹנִ֣ים & עֲנִיֵּי 1 Job is using the adjectives **needy** and **poor** as nouns to mean certain groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “needy people … the poor people of”
24:4 r5d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יַ֥חַד חֻ֝בְּא֗וּ עֲנִיֵּי־אָֽרֶץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Wicked people are the implied agent. Job is not saying simply that poor people hide themselves to avoid the wicked; he is saying that wicked people force poor people to hide themselves to escape oppression. Alternate translation: “all the poor people of the land have to hide in order to avoid the wicked people who would oppress them”
24:5 m813 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile פְּרָאִ֨ים ׀ בַּֽ⁠מִּדְבָּ֗ר יָצְא֣וּ בְּ֭⁠פָעֳלָ⁠ם 1 The point of this comparison is that the need to escape from oppressive wicked people forces poor people to go far away from human community, **like wild donkeys in the wilderness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “like wild donkeys in the wilderness, far away from human community,”
24:5 d79k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָצְא֣וּ 1 Here and through verse 8, the pronoun **they** refers to poor people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “poor people go out”
24:5 yaj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ל֥⁠וֹ לֶ֝֗חֶם לַ⁠נְּעָרִֽים 1 The pronoun **him** does not refer to a specific poor person. Job means poor people in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “provides them with bread for their children”
24:5 j753 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ל֥⁠וֹ לֶ֝֗חֶם לַ⁠נְּעָרִֽים 1 Job is using one kind of, **bread**, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general term in your translation, or you could name the kind of food that people would find in the **Arabah** or desert. Alternate translation: “provides them with roots and herbs to feed to their children”
24:6 j8dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בַּ֭⁠שָּׂדֶה בְּלִיל֣⁠וֹ יִקְצ֑וֹרוּ וְ⁠כֶ֖רֶם רָשָׁ֣ע יְלַקֵּֽשׁוּ 1 The pronoun **him** could refer to: (1) the wicked person whom Job mentions in the second part of the verse. If that is the meaning, it may be helpful to mention the wicked person in the first part of the verse instead. Alternate translation: “Poor people gather fodder for their animals from what the wicked person has left in his field, and they glean in his vineyard” (2) an individual poor person. Alternate translation: “Each of these poor people gathers his fodder in the field, and they all glean the vineyard of the wicked”
24:6 j754 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וְ⁠כֶ֖רֶם רָשָׁ֣ע 1 Job is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “and the vineyard of a wicked person”
24:6 j755 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠כֶ֖רֶם רָשָׁ֣ע 1 Job is not referring to a specific **wicked** person. He means wicked people in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and the vineyards of wicked people”
24:7 u7w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָר֣וֹם 1 As in [22:6](../22/06.md), the word **naked** here does not mean without any clothing. Rather, as the context indicates, it means without sufficient clothing, in this case without an outer **garment** that would also serve as a blanket. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “exposed”
24:7 j756 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠בְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ 1 The poor people whom Job is talking about may be **without a garment** because: (1) wicked people have taken their outer garments in pledge and not returned them, as Eliphaz describes in [22:6](../22/06.md). This would suit the context, in which Job is describing how wicked people oppress poor people. Alternate translation: “without a garment because wicked people have taken their garments in pledge and not returned them” (2) they are too poor to afford outer garments. Alternate translation: “without outer garments because they have become too poor to afford them”
24:8 a2gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּֽ⁠מִ⁠בְּלִ֥י מַ֝חְסֶ֗ה 1 In this instance, the word **without** means “without any other.” You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and because they have no other shelter,”
24:8 j5eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חִבְּקוּ־צֽוּר 1 Job is not referring to a specific **rock**. He means rocks in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “they hug the rocks”
24:8 j757 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חִבְּקוּ־צֽוּר 1 Job is using this expression to mean that poor people huddle up close to rocks seeking shelter from the rain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they huddle up close to rocks”
24:9 ma3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִ֭גְזְלוּ & יַחְבֹּֽלוּ 1 The pronoun **They** in the first part of the verse and the pronoun **they** in the second part of the verse refer to wicked people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Wicked people snatch … wicked people bind a pledge”
24:9 ahj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj יָת֑וֹם & עָנִ֥י 1 Job is using the adjectives **fatherless** and **poor** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “fatherless children … poor people” or “children whose fathers have died … people who are poor”
24:9 t1ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֭גְזְלוּ מִ⁠שֹּׁ֣ד יָת֑וֹם 1 Job implicitly means that wicked people snatch **fatherless** children **from the breast** of their mother, that is, while they are nursing, in order to claim the children as slaves in payment of a debt. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Wicked people even take infants away from their mothers while they are nursing, in order to claim the children as slaves in payment of a debt”
24:9 yq41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽ⁠עַל־עָנִ֥י יַחְבֹּֽלוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [22:6](../22/06.md). Alternate translation: “and they require the poor to give them their outer garments as security for loans”
24:10 u922 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִ֭לְּכוּ & נָ֣שְׂאוּ 1 The pronoun **They** in the first part of the verse and the pronoun **they** in the second part of the verse refer to poor people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Poor people go about … poor people carry”
24:10 eps1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָר֣וֹם הִ֭לְּכוּ בְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ 1 As in [22:6](../22/06.md), the word **naked** here does not mean without any clothing. Job is describing the result of what he said at the end of the previous verse, that wicked people “bind a pledge” upon the poor, that is, they take their outer garments as security for loans. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Because wicked people take their outer garments in pledge, poor people go about exposed to the elements, not having sufficient clothing”
24:10 j758 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וּ֝⁠רְעֵבִ֗ים נָ֣שְׂאוּ עֹֽמֶר 1 Job is not referring to a specific **sheaf**. He means sheaves in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “and, hungry, they carry sheaves”
24:10 qj7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ֝⁠רְעֵבִ֗ים נָ֣שְׂאוּ עֹֽמֶר 1 Job is saying that poor people must try to earn money to feed themselves by working as day laborers harvesting the grain in the fields of wicked people, but those poor people still go **hungry**, even with all that food around, because the wicked people do not pay or feed their workers adequately. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and they are hungry, even though they work as harvesters, because the wicked people who own the fields they are harvesting do not pay or feed them adequately”
24:11 fp3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בֵּין־שׁוּרֹתָ֥⁠ם יַצְהִ֑ירוּ יְקָבִ֥ים דָּ֝רְכ֗וּ וַ⁠יִּצְמָֽאוּ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to poor people and the pronoun **their** refers to wicked people. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Within the walls of wicked people, poor people press oil; poor people tread the winepresses of wicked people, but those poor people suffer thirst”
24:11 rks1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַצְהִ֑ירוּ 1 Job is referring to the way that workers would **press oil** from olives, which were a staple food in this culture. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. You could also use a general expression if your readers might not be familiar with olives. Alternate translation: “they press oil from olives” or “they work hard to produce oil from plants”
24:11 a1m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְקָבִ֥ים דָּ֝רְכ֗וּ וַ⁠יִּצְמָֽאוּ 1 Job is commenting here on the injustice of wicked people having poor people **tread their winepresses** but then not giving them any of the wine to drink. (In this culture, the water was often unsafe to drink and the wine had a low alcohol content. People drank wine to quench their thirst, and they could do that without getting drunk. Job is not saying that the wicked people should have given the poor people wine so that they could get drunk, only that they should have given them wine to quench their thirst.) See how you expressed the implicit meaning in the previous verse, where Job described how poor people carried grain but went hungry. Alternate translation: “they are thirsty, even though they work treading winepresses, because the wicked people who own the presses do not give them any of the wine to quench their thirst”
24:12 j759 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מְתִ֨ים 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “men and women”
24:12 j760 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וְ⁠נֶֽפֶשׁ־חֲלָלִ֥ים תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ 1 Job is using the adjective **wounded** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “and the souls of wounded people cry out”
24:12 j761 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠נֶֽפֶשׁ־חֲלָלִ֥ים תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ 1 Job is using one part of a **wounded** person, his **soul**, to mean all of him in the act of crying out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and wounded people cry out”
24:12 j762 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נֶֽפֶשׁ־חֲלָלִ֥ים תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ 1 Job implicitly means that these people are crying out to God for justice. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and wounded people cry out to God for justice”
24:12 j763 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וֶ֝⁠אֱל֗וֹהַּ לֹא־יָשִׂ֥ים תִּפְלָֽה 1 Job implicitly means that God seems to feel that there is nothing wrong with what the wicked people are doing, and so God does not punish them in response to the poor people’s cries for justice. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “but God does not punish the wicked people who have caused their suffering”
24:13 m581 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֵ֤מָּה & לֹֽא־הִכִּ֥ירוּ & וְ⁠לֹ֥א יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ 1 The pronoun **They** at the start of the verse and the two instances of the pronoun **they** later in the verse refer to the wicked people whom Job has been describing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “These wicked people … these wicked people … and they do not stay”
24:13 dl4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor א֥וֹר 1 Job is speaking as if **light** were an authority and these wicked people were **rebelling** against it. Job is using light to represent what God has revealed to humans about how they should live. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against God’s moral revelation”
24:13 djk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־הִכִּ֥ירוּ דְרָכָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠לֹ֥א יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ בִּ⁠נְתִיבֹתָֽי⁠ו 1 Job is speaking as if **light** maintained certain **ways** and **paths** that people should walk along. He means that God’s revelation shows people how they should conduct their lives. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not regard the manner of life that God has shown people they should follow; no, they live in a different way”
24:13 j764 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־הִכִּ֥ירוּ דְרָכָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here the word **regard** means “look at” with the implication of looking with approval. Alternate translation: “they do not admire its ways”
24:13 j765 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ⁠לֹ֥א יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ בִּ⁠נְתִיבֹתָֽי⁠ו 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a positive expression. Alternate translation: “and they leave its paths”
24:14 j766 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לָ⁠א֡וֹר 1 This expression describes the time of day when it is just beginning to get **light**. There is enough light for the **murderer** to see, but not enough light for him to be identified. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In the morning twilight,”
24:14 j767 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יָ֘ק֤וּם רוֹצֵ֗חַ יִֽקְטָל & יְהִ֣י כַ⁠גַּנָּֽב 1 Job is not referring to a specific **murderer**. He means murderers in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “murderers arise; they kill … they are like thieves”
24:14 j768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj עָנִ֥י וְ⁠אֶבְי֑וֹן 1 Job is using the adjectives **poor** and **needy** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “poor people and needy people”
24:14 u116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עָנִ֥י וְ⁠אֶבְי֑וֹן 1 The terms **relaxed** and **reposed** mean similar things. Job is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “desperately poor people”
24:14 d2ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ֝⁠בַ⁠לַּ֗יְלָה יְהִ֣י כַ⁠גַּנָּֽב 1 The point of this comparison is that the **murderer** escapes apprehension because he commits his crime in dim light and at a time when people are sleeping. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he is like a thief in the night, whom no one sees commit his crime”
24:15 mza9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠עֵ֤ין נֹאֵ֨ף 1 Job is using one part of an **adulterer**, his **eye**, to mean all of him in the act of watching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the adulterer”
24:15 jp3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֹאֵ֨ף 1 Job is not referring to a specific **adulterer**. He is describing the behavior that is characteristic of any adulterer. It may be more natural in your language to make **adulterer** an indefinite noun rather than a definite one. Alternate translation: “an adulterer”
24:15 ymp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵ֭⁠אמֹר לֹא־תְשׁוּרֵ֣⁠נִי עָ֑יִן 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying to himself that no one will perceive him”
24:15 ewy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֭⁠אמֹר לֹא־תְשׁוּרֵ֣⁠נִי עָ֑יִן 1 The characteristic adulterer is using one part of someone who might **perceive** him, that person’s **eye**, to mean all of him in the act of perceiving. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “No one will perceive me”
24:15 j769 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠סֵ֖תֶר פָּנִ֣ים יָשִֽׂים 1 Job is not speaking of a **cover** that would keep the **adulterer** from seeing. He is speaking of a disguise intended to keep people from recognizing who the adulterer is. You could express this in a way that would be familiar in your culture. Alternate translation: “and he pulls his hat down low over his face”
24:16 j770 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns חָתַ֥ר & בָּ֫תִּ֥ים 1 The pronoun **One** refers to a wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Since, as the rest of the verse shows, Job is actually describing behavior that is characteristic of wicked people in general, you may wish to use a plural term. Alternate translation: “Wicked people dig into houses”
24:16 c35g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָתַ֥ר בַּ⁠חֹ֗שֶׁךְ בָּ֫תִּ֥ים 1 In this culture, **houses** were made of clay or sun-dried brick, so thieves could gain entry to a house most easily by digging through one of its walls. If houses in your culture are made of different materials that a thief would not or could not dig through, you may wish to use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “Wicked people break into houses”
24:16 k9sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חִתְּמוּ־לָ֗⁠מוֹ 1 This expression means to stay indoors. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they stay indoors”
24:16 j771 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא־יָ֥דְעוּ אֽוֹר 1 This expression means that wicked people are not familiar with **light**, and the reason is that they do not leave their homes when it is light. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not go out when it is light”
24:16 j772 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יָ֥דְעוּ אֽוֹר 1 While the word **light** here is literal, since Job is using it to mean **day**, there is also a moral overtone, as in verse 13, where Job said that wicked people rebel against the light, meaning God’s revelation. If your language has a term for “light” that also has these moral connotations, it would be appropriate to use it here in your translation.
24:17 j773 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּ֤י יַחְדָּ֨ו 1 Job is using the word **For** to give the reason why he said in the preceding verse that wicked people do not go out during the day. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “They go not go out because for all of them”
24:17 g55x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בֹּ֣קֶר לָ֣⁠מוֹ צַלְמָ֑וֶת 1 Job is speaking as if **morning** were literally **deep darkness** for wicked people. He means that they dread and avoid morning just as honest people dread and avoid the night. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they dread the morning as if it were deep darkness”
24:17 j774 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָ֣⁠מוֹ & יַ֝כִּ֗יר 1 The pronoun **them** refers to wicked people, and the pronoun **one** refers to a representative or characteristic wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “for wicked people … each one of them regards”
24:17 y5ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַ֝כִּ֗יר 1 As in [24:13](../24/13.md), here the word **regards** means “looks at” with the implication of looking with approval. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “each one of them admires”
24:18 ay3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast קַֽל־ה֤וּא ׀ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַ֗יִם 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point in his speech, Job implicitly begins to draw a contrast between the present situation of wicked people and their ultimate fate. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless, he is swift”
24:18 lat6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קַֽל־ה֤וּא ׀ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַ֗יִם 1 Job is speaking as if the surface of the **waters** were literally their **face**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He (is} swift on the surface of the waters”
24:18 f772 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קַֽל־ה֤וּא ׀ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַ֗יִם 1 Job is speaking as if a wicked person were literally something light that would float on the surface of the **waters** of a brook or river and pass swiftly downstream. He means that a wicked person only flourishes for a short time and then is gone. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Since Job speaks of wicked people in the plural in the next phrase, you may wish to use the plural in this phrase as well. Alternate translation: “Wicked people flourish only for a short time, then they are gone, like debris that water carries swiftly downstream”
24:18 j775 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֹֽא־יִ֝פְנֶה דֶּ֣רֶךְ כְּרָמִֽים 1 This expression means that no one goes to work in the **vineyards** of wicked people. Since Job says in verse 13 that poor people do work in their vineyards, he is talking here about what will happen to wicked people in the future. Alternate translation: “their vineyards will be abandoned”
24:19 u6db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis צִיָּ֤ה גַם־חֹ֗ם יִגְזְל֥וּ מֵֽימֵי־שֶׁ֗לֶג שְׁא֣וֹל חָטָֽאוּ 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Job is drawing a comparison. Alternate translation: “Just as drought and heat strip away the waters of snow, so Sheol strips away those who have sinned.”
24:19 b8g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִגְזְל֥וּ מֵֽימֵי־שֶׁ֗לֶג 1 Job is speaking as if, in the hot season, **Drought** and **heat** literally **strip away** the **waters** in his arid region that come from melting **snow** in the mountains. He means that the heat makes these waters evaporate. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “make water from melted snow evaporate”
24:20 hnl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִשְׁכָּ֘חֵ֤⁠הוּ רֶ֨חֶם ׀ מְתָ֘ק֤⁠וֹ רִמָּ֗ה ע֥וֹד לֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֑ר 1 The pronouns **him** and **he** refers to a wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “The womb will forget a wicked person, the worm will dine on that person, until he is not remembered”
24:20 dg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׁכָּ֘חֵ֤⁠הוּ רֶ֨חֶם 1 Job is using the term **womb** by association to mean the mother who carried the wicked person in her womb and gave birth to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As for a wicked person, even his own mother will forget him”
24:20 ja3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony מְתָ֘ק֤⁠וֹ רִמָּ֗ה 1 The term translated **dine** means to eat with enjoyment. Job is describing an ironic consequence that wicked people will experience. During their lives, as he said earlier, they had oil and wine and grain that they enjoyed but did not share with others. Now, after death, they provide a satisfying meal for the worms that eat them in their graves. Your language may have a term similar to **dine** that you can use in your translation.
24:20 auf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ע֥וֹד לֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֑ר וַ⁠תִּשָּׁבֵ֖ר כָּ⁠עֵ֣ץ עַוְלָֽה 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until no one remembers him and wickedness is like a tree that a windstorm has broken”
24:20 k6gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וַ⁠תִּשָּׁבֵ֖ר כָּ⁠עֵ֣ץ עַוְלָֽה 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **tree** may be **broken** (by a powerful wind, for example) so that it falls over and dies, so a wicked person will lose his possessions and status and ultimately die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and wickedness is broken, just as a windstorm knocks down a tree and it dies”
24:21 j776 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns רֹעֶ֣ה עֲ֭קָרָה 1 The pronoun **one** refers to a wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “A wicked person devours the barren”
24:21 ys4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֹעֶ֣ה 1 Job is speaking as if a wicked person would literally devour or eat up childless women and widows. He means that the wicked person would cheat and exploit them in the ways he described earlier in this speech. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one exploiting”
24:21 j777 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj עֲ֭קָרָה לֹ֣א תֵלֵ֑ד 1 Job is using the adjective **barren** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the barren woman, who has not borne”
24:21 m9u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo עֲ֭קָרָה לֹ֣א תֵלֵ֑ד 1 It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “the childless woman”
24:21 j778 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֲ֭קָרָה לֹ֣א תֵלֵ֑ד 1 Job is not referring to a specific **barren** woman. He means women in general who have not had children. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “childless women”
24:21 i5m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝⁠אַלְמָנָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְיֵטִֽיב 1 Job is not referring to a specific **widow**. He means widows in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “and he does not do good to widows”
24:21 j779 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ֝⁠אַלְמָנָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְיֵטִֽיב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a positive expression. Alternate translation: “and he harms the widow” or “and he harms widows”
24:22 xl8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּ⁠מָשַׁ֣ךְ אַבִּירִ֣ים בְּ⁠כֹח֑⁠וֹ 1 In this first part of the verse, the pronouns **he** and **his** refer to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “But God drags away the mighty by his power”
24:22 ps1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מָשַׁ֣ךְ 1 Job is speaking as if God literally **drags away** people who are **mighty**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But he destroys”
24:22 j780 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אַבִּירִ֣ים 1 Job is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “mighty people”
24:22 x59s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָ֝ק֗וּם וְֽ⁠לֹא־יַאֲמִ֥ין בַּֽ⁠חַיִּֽין 1 Interpreters are uncertain as to whom the pronoun **he** refers in the two instances in the second part of this verse. This could mean: (1) that God **arises** against mighty people, so that each one of them realizes that he is doomed. Alternate translation: “God arises against them, so that each one of them despairs of life” (2) that a wicked person **arises** or prospers for a time, but he has no assurance of a long life. Alternate translation: “a wicked person may prosper for a time, but he has no assurance of a long life”
24:23 j781 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִתֶּן־ל֣⁠וֹ לָ֭⁠בֶטַח וְ⁠יִשָּׁעֵ֑ן וְ֝⁠עֵינֵ֗י⁠הוּ עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 The pronoun **He** in its first instance and the pronoun **his** refer to God, and the pronoun **he** in its second instance and the pronoun **him** refer to a wicked person. The pronoun **them** refers to wicked people in general. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God gives a wicked person security, and that person is supported, but God’s eyes are on the ways of wicked people”
24:23 j782 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִתֶּן־ל֣⁠וֹ לָ֭⁠בֶטַח וְ⁠יִשָּׁעֵ֑ן 1 If your language would not use the passive form **he is supported**, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you would need to say who does the action, the context indicates that it is God. Alternate translation: “God gives him security and supports him”
24:23 j783 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִתֶּן־ל֣⁠וֹ לָ֭⁠בֶטַח וְ⁠יִשָּׁעֵ֑ן 1 These two phrases mean similar things. Job is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them. While Job seems to say that God actively **gives** security and support to wicked people, the idea is that God actually allows these things. Alternate translation: “God may allow a wicked person to feel a sense of security”
24:23 qks3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝⁠עֵינֵ֗י⁠הוּ עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 Job is using one part of God, his **eyes**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. Sight, in turn, represents awareness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “text” Alternate translation: “but he watches their ways carefully” or “but he is very aware of their ways”
24:23 j784 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠עֵינֵ֗י⁠הוּ עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 Job is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he is very aware of how wicked people are living”
24:24 yq9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ר֤וֹמּוּ 1 The pronoun **They** (or **they**) refers to wicked people in all of its instances in this verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in the first instance. Alternate translation: “Wicked people are exalted”
24:24 j785 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ר֤וֹמּוּ 1 Job is speaking of wicked people as if they were literally **exalted** or raised up to a high position. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They achieve greatness”
24:24 j786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ר֤וֹמּוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They achieve greatness”
24:24 j787 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְּעַ֨ט 1 This could mean: (1) that wicked people are exalted for a **little** while. Alternate translation: “for a short time” (2) that wicked people are exalted a **little** bit. Alternate translation: “to a limited extent”
24:24 b7v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְֽ⁠הֻמְּכ֗וּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “indeed, God brings them low”
24:24 j797 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְֽ⁠אֵינֶ֗⁠נּוּ 1 This expression means that these “mighty” people no longer exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then they no longer exist”
24:24 j788 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְֽ⁠הֻמְּכ֗וּ 1 Job is speaking as if wicked people were literally **brought low** or moved down to a low position. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Since this phrase repeats the meaning of **then they do not exist**, the meaning seems to be that they die. Alternate translation: “indeed, they die”
24:24 j5za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כַּ⁠כֹּ֥ל יִקָּפְצ֑וּ⁠ן וּ⁠כְ⁠רֹ֖אשׁ שִׁבֹּ֣לֶת יִמָּֽלוּ 1 The phrase **they are gathered** could be: (1) a characteristic Hebrew expression that describes death. Alternate translation: “like all people, they are die; yes, like the tops of ears of grain, they are cut off” (2) part of the comparison to **ears of grain**. In that case, it would be appropriate to translate it literally. Alternate translation: “like all people, they are gathered and cut off like the tops of ears of grain”
24:24 ix1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠כֹּ֥ל יִקָּפְצ֑וּ⁠ן וּ⁠כְ⁠רֹ֖אשׁ שִׁבֹּ֣לֶת יִמָּֽלוּ 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: (1) “God gathers them among the dead, as he does all people; yes, God cuts them off like the tops of ears of grain” or (2) “as he does to all people, God gathers them and cuts them off like the tops of ears of grain”
24:25 cfk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠אִם־לֹ֣א אֵ֭פוֹ מִ֣י יַכְזִיבֵ֑⁠נִי וְ⁠יָשֵׂ֥ם לְ֝⁠אַ֗ל מִלָּתִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And if anyone believes that what I have said is not true, then I challenge him to prove me wrong and show that what I have said is not valid”
24:25 j789 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־לֹ֣א 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if what I am saying is not true”
24:25 iy58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יָשֵׂ֥ם לְ֝⁠אַ֗ל מִלָּתִֽ⁠י 1 This expression means to show that something is of no value, that is, not valid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and show that my word is not valid”
24:25 j790 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלָּתִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using the term **word** to mean what he has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I have said”
25:intro yz1x 0 # Job 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the third and final speech of Job’s friend Bildad.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The brevity of Bildad’s speech\n\nThis speech by Bildad is much shorter than his first two speeches. It is also much shorter than the three speeches that Eliphaz has given to this point in the book and the two speeches that Zophar has given. The likely explanation is that Job’s friends are running out of things to say to him. Indeed, Zophar does not give a third speech at all. The narrator says in [32:3](../32/03.md) that the three friends “found no answer” for Job’s arguments. The brevity of Bildad’s third speech and the absence of a third speech by Zophar dramatize this. Since the narrator eventually offers an explanation, it would not be necessary to put an explanation in your translation at the end of this chapter such as, “And that was all that Job’s friends had to say to him.”\n\n God’s holiness and human sinfulness\nIn this short speech, Bildad describes God’s holiness and human sinfulness. While the points he makes are accurate, they are not convincing for Job, because he has actually been righteous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### Bildad using the words of Eliphaz\n\nAlthough Bildad speaks only briefly, he repeats significant phrases from Eliphaz’s first and second speeches. Bildad asks in verse 4, “So how will a man be righteous with God? Or how will one born of a woman be pure?” Eliphaz had asked similarly in 4:17, “Will a man be more righteous than God? If a man will be more pure than his Maker?” and in 15:14, “What is man, that he should be pure, or that one born of a woman should be righteous?” To show this, it would be helpful to use the same wording in your translation in 25:4 that you used in 4:17 and 15:14.
25:2 vb52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns Dominion and awe {are} with him 1 The pronoun **him** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Dominion and awe are with God” or “God possesses dominion and awe”
25:2 j791 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys Dominion and awe {are} with him 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **awe** tells what response God’s **Dominion** produces in those who recognize its powerful and holy character. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “Awesome dominion is with him”
25:2 cz5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Dominion and awe {are} with him 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **dominion** and **awe**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “God rules in a way that inspires great respect”
25:2 t8t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the one making peace in his heights 1 The word translated **peace** could mean: (1) harmonious order. Alternate translation: “the one who establishes harmonious order” (2) the absence of conflict. Alternate translation: “the one who rules without opposition” or “the one who rules without rebellion”
25:2 j792 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural in his heights 1 Bildad is using the term **heights** to mean heaven, which is high above the earth. The plural form probably identifies these **heights** as the supreme example of their class. That is, while being on top of a mountain gives someone a commanding position, ruling from heaven gives God the supremely commanding position. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in highest heaven” or “in heaven, where he rules supremely”
25:3 agz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there a number to his troops? Upon whom does his light not arise? 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “There is no number to his troops! His light arises on everyone!”
25:3 tb5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Is there a number to his troops? 1 In this context, the word **troops** implicitly refers to the stars, as if they were soldiers. (Bildad is describing God’s greatness by saying that at night, there are too many stars in the sky to count, and by day, the sun shines all over the world.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Is there a number to the stars?” or “There are too many stars in the sky to count!”
25:3 j793 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Upon whom does his light not arise? 1 Bildad is using the term **light** by association to mean the sun. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Upon whom does the sun not rise?” or “The sun shines on everyone!”
25:4 w2pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So how will a man be righteous with God? Or how will one born of a woman be clean? 1 Bildad is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be righteous with God! One born of a woman cannot be clean!”
25:4 v4y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations a man 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Bildad is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a person”
25:4 kx6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive one born of a woman 1 See how you translated this expression in [15:14](../15/14.md). Alternate translation: “a mortal”
25:5 un12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the moon does not shine 1 Bildad implicitly means that compared with God’s holiness, the **moon** does not **shine** with the brightness of a pure, holy thing. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the moon has no holy brightness”
25:5 kt4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in his eyes 1 Bildad is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his perspective”
25:6 c7kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Indeed that, a man, a worm 1 **Indeed that** is an expression that indicates that what follows is greater in degree than what a person has just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “How much less a man, a worm”
25:6 j794 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Indeed that, a man, a worm 1 Bildad is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “How much less could a man, a worm, be pure”
25:6 l7b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations a man & or a son of man 1 Although the terms **man** and **son** are masculine, Bildad is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use terms in your language that are clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a human … or a human child”
25:6 h6x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a man, a worm 1 Bildad is speaking as if a human were literally a **worm**. The basis of the comparison is probably that just as worms live in the earth, God originally formed humans from the earth. So this is a poetic reference to human mortality. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a mortal”
25:6 j795 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor or a son of man, a grub! 1 Bildad is similarly speaking as if a human were literally a **grub**. Once again the basis of the comparison seems to be that just as grubs live in the earth, God originally formed humans from the earth. So this is a parallel poetic reference to human mortality. Rather than repeat the image, it may be more natural in your language to translate this as an explanatory phrase. Alternate translation, not preceded by a comma: “whom God formed from the earth”
25:2 vb52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַמְשֵׁ֣ל וָ⁠פַ֣חַד עִמּ֑⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Dominion and awe are with God” or “God possesses dominion and awe”
25:2 j791 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys הַמְשֵׁ֣ל וָ⁠פַ֣חַד עִמּ֑⁠וֹ 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **fear** tells what response God’s **Dominion** produces in those who recognize its powerful and holy character. (In this context, the word **fear** describes reverence and respect for God and awe at his greatness.) If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “Fearful dominion is with him” or “Awesome dominion is with him”
25:2 cz5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הַמְשֵׁ֣ל וָ⁠פַ֣חַד עִמּ֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **dominion** and **fear**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “God rules in a way that inspires great respect”
25:2 t8t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹשֶׂ֥ה שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם בִּ⁠מְרוֹמָֽי⁠ו 1 The word translated **peace** could mean: (1) harmonious order. Alternate translation: “the one who establishes harmonious order” (2) the absence of conflict. Alternate translation: “the one who rules without opposition” or “the one who rules without rebellion”
25:2 j792 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural בִּ⁠מְרוֹמָֽי⁠ו 1 Bildad is using the term **heights** to mean heaven, which is high above the earth. The plural form probably identifies these **heights** as the supreme example of their class. That is, while being on top of a mountain gives someone a commanding position, ruling from heaven gives God the supremely commanding position. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in highest heaven” or “in heaven, where he rules supremely”
25:3 agz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יֵ֣שׁ מִ֭סְפָּר לִ⁠גְדוּדָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠עַל־מִ֝֗י לֹא־יָק֥וּם אוֹרֵֽ⁠הוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “There is no number to his troops! His light arises on everyone!”
25:3 tb5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֲ⁠יֵ֣שׁ מִ֭סְפָּר לִ⁠גְדוּדָ֑י⁠ו 1 In this verse, Bildad is describing God’s greatness by saying that at night, there are too many stars in the sky to count, and by day, the sun shines all over the world. So in this context, the word **troops** implicitly refers to the stars as if they were soldiers. Alternate translation: “Is there a number to the stars?” or “There are too many stars in the sky to count!”
25:3 j793 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַל־מִ֝֗י לֹא־יָק֥וּם אוֹרֵֽ⁠הוּ 1 Bildad is using the term **light** by association to mean the sun. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And upon whom does the sun not rise?” or “And the sun shines on everyone!”
25:4 w2pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מַה־יִּצְדַּ֣ק אֱנ֣וֹשׁ עִם־אֵ֑ל וּ⁠מַה־יִּ֝זְכֶּ֗ה יְל֣וּד אִשָּֽׁה 1 Bildad is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be righteous with God! One born of a woman cannot be clean!”
25:4 v4y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֱנ֣וֹשׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Bildad is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a person”
25:4 kx6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְל֣וּד אִשָּֽׁה 1 See how you translated this expression in [15:14](../15/14.md). Alternate translation: “a mortal”
25:5 un12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָ֭רֵחַ וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַאֲהִ֑יל 1 Bildad implicitly means that compared with God’s holiness, the **moon** does not **shine** with the brightness of a pure, holy thing. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the moon has no holy brightness”
25:5 kt4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠עֵינָֽי⁠ו 1 Bildad is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his perspective”
25:6 c7kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַ֭ף כִּֽי־אֱנ֣וֹשׁ רִמָּ֑ה 1 **Indeed that** is an expression that indicates that what follows is greater in degree than what a person has just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “How much less a man, a worm”
25:6 j794 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֭ף כִּֽי־אֱנ֣וֹשׁ רִמָּ֑ה 1 Bildad is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “How much less could a man, a worm, be pure”
25:6 l7b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֱנ֣וֹשׁ & וּ⁠בֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם 1 Although the terms **man** and **son** are masculine, Bildad is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use terms in your language that are clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a human … or a human child”
25:6 h6x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֱנ֣וֹשׁ רִמָּ֑ה 1 Bildad is speaking as if a human were literally a **worm**. The basis of the comparison is probably that just as worms live in the earth, God originally formed humans from the earth. So this is a poetic reference to human mortality. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a mortal”
25:6 j795 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם תּוֹלֵעָֽה 1 Bildad is similarly speaking as if a human were literally a **grub**. Once again the basis of the comparison seems to be that just as grubs live in the earth, God originally formed humans from the earth. So this is a parallel poetic reference to human mortality. Rather than repeat the image, it may be more natural in your language to translate this as an explanatory phrase. Alternate translation, not preceded by a comma: “whom God formed from the earth”
26:intro f665 0 # Job 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.\n\nThis chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s power\nWhile Bildad describes Yahweh’s power as being so much greater than Job’s, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh’s power. It is not just over Job’s life, but over all of creation.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\n\nJob uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1–4](./01.md) and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
26:2 lud4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony How you have helped one … the arm that has no strength 0 In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word “one” refers to Job. And, the word “arm” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me; but really, you have not helped me at all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
26:3 s1r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge 0 Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. Alternate translation: “You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice”

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