Update wording of OT abstract nouns notes (#2437)

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2437

en_tn_07-JDG.tsv

@@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ JDG	21	18	qnk3	figs-synecdoche		0	a wife to Benjamin	Here Benjamin refers to the
 JDG	21	19	u453	writing-background		0	which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah	This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JDG	21	19	m2hz	translate-names		0	Lebonah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JDG	21	21	am3f	figs-explicit		0	each one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin	It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JDG	21	22	z5gg	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show us favor	The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JDG	21	22	z5gg	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show us favor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JDG	21	22	zsi5	figs-explicit		0	because we did not get wives for each man during the war	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JDG	21	22	pcc6			0	You are innocent … not give your daughters to them	This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
 JDG	21	23	ng9r			0	the number of wives that they needed	This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).

en_tn_09-1SA.tsv

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	8	9	dmf6			0	Now listen to them	Alternate translation: “Now do what they are asking you to do”
 1SA	8	9	c3yq			0	warn them solemnly	Alternate translation: “be very serious as you warn them”
 1SA	8	11	lsu4			0	This will be the practice … He will take	The practice of the king will be to take. This begins the list of things he will take.
-1SA	8	11	ah6l	figs-abstractnouns		0	This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you	The abstract noun “practice” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “This is how the king who will reign over you will act” or “This is what the king who will reign over you will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	8	11	ah6l	figs-abstractnouns		0	This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **practice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is how the king who will reign over you will act” or “This is what the king who will reign over you will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	8	11	s2yh			0	appoint them to his chariots	Alternate translation: “have them drive chariots in battle”
 1SA	8	11	w2k2			0	be his horsemen	They will ride horses into battle.
 1SA	8	13	d6m4			0	Connecting Statement:	Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	23	19	n8vj	translate-names		0	Jeshimon	This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as “the Judean Wilderness” or “the wasteland.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 1SA	23	20	tx3q	figs-pronouns		0	surrender him into the king’s hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for power. The Ziphites speak to Saul as if he were another man to show him that they respect him. Alternate translation: “give David to you so you can do whatever you desire with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1SA	23	21	udu8	figs-activepassive		0	May you be blessed by Yahweh	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh blesses you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1SA	23	21	yr45	figs-abstractnouns		0	you have had compassion on me	The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with the adjective “kind.” Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” or “you have kindly told this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	23	21	yr45	figs-abstractnouns		0	you have had compassion on me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” or “you have kindly told this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	23	22	vg7r	figs-doublet		0	Learn and find out	These two words mean almost the same thing and can be translated as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Know for sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 1SA	23	22	ln65			0	who has seen him	Alternate translation: “who saw him”
 1SA	23	22	i9bi	figs-activepassive		0	It is told to me	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People tell me” or “I have heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	25	3	r2tp	figs-metonymy		0	He was a descendant of the house of Caleb	Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “He was a descendant of the family of Caleb” or “He was a descendant of Caleb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1SA	25	4	j27u			0	shearing his sheep	Alternate translation: “shaving the wool off his sheep”
 1SA	25	5	lq45			0	greet him in my name	Alternate translation: “greet him as I would greet him if I were there”
-1SA	25	6	n38g	figs-abstractnouns		0	Live in prosperity	“I desire that you may live in prosperity.” The abstract noun “prosperity” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	25	6	n38g	figs-abstractnouns		0	Live in prosperity	“I desire that you may live in prosperity.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **prosperity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	25	6	x8p8			0	Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have	Alternate translation: “I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions”
 1SA	25	7	u29d			0	you have shearers	“your shearers are working” or “your shearers have sheep to shear.” David wants his men to speak so that Nabal understands that his sheep were well because David’s men helped guard them.
 1SA	25	7	d9si	figs-litotes		0	we did them no harm, and they missed nothing	David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabal’s servants and flocks. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we kept them and all their property from harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	25	39	j9hl	figs-idiom		0	has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has defended me after Nabal insulted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 1SA	25	39	n5td	figs-activepassive		0	has taken up the cause of my insult	The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1SA	25	39	w9kj	figs-pronouns		0	has kept back his servant from evil	David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “has kept me back from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
-1SA	25	39	cq6p	figs-abstractnouns		0	has turned Nabal’s evil action back on his own head	The abstract noun “action” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	25	39	cq6p	figs-abstractnouns		0	has turned Nabal’s evil action back on his own head	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **action**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	25	39	lb46	figs-synecdoche		0	on his own head	The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 1SA	25	39	ci9p	figs-ellipsis		0	sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to himself as wife	You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “sent men to speak to Abigail and tell her that David wanted to take her to be his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 1SA	25	41	nmv3	figs-metonymy		0	She arose, bowed herself	Abigail responded by bowing. The reader should understand that she was probably already standing when the men were talking to her in [1 Samuel 25:40](../25/40.md), and so the word “arose” is a metonym for deciding to bow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	30	22	jt6r			0	the booty	the goods they had taken from the enemy in battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
 1SA	30	22	n8ra			0	we have recovered	Alternate translation: “we have regained” or “we have gotten back”
 1SA	30	24	n8h7	figs-rquestion		0	Who will listen to you in this matter?	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement: Alternate translation: “No one will listen to you in this matter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1SA	30	24	sv97	figs-abstractnouns		0	as the share is for anyone who goes	The abstract noun “share” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as what belongs to anyone who goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	30	24	sv97	figs-abstractnouns		0	as the share is for anyone who goes	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **share**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as what belongs to anyone who goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	30	24	xyy4			0	anyone who goes into battle	the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war
 1SA	30	24	ff29			0	will share and share alike	Alternate translation: “will make sure that all receive the same amount”
 1SA	30	24	jdd3			0	anyone who waits by the baggage	the people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies

en_tn_11-1KI.tsv

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	1	51	g2ei	figs-pronouns		0	he will not kill his servant	Adonijah speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person so people will think that he respects King Solomon. Alternate translation: “he will not kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
 1KI	1	52	jr66			0	General Information:	Solomon spares the life of Adonijah.
 1KI	1	52	t3dr	figs-explicit		0	not a hair of his will fall to the earth	This is an exaggeration to say that Solomon will keep Adonijah safe. Alternate translation: “not a hair of his head will fall” or “I will keep him safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-1KI	1	52	d933	figs-abstractnouns		0	wickedness is found in him	The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated as a verb. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he does what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+1KI	1	52	d933	figs-abstractnouns		0	wickedness is found in him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he does what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	2	intro	nsa1			0		# 1 Kings 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter has two stories: David’s last advice to Solomon and Solomon’s punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Exalting oneself<br>Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: “I am going the way of all the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: “Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses.” Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 1KI	2	2	v679	figs-euphemism		0	I am going the way of all the earth	This is a polite way of saying “I am going to die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 1KI	2	2	n19l	figs-ellipsis		0	show yourself a man	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “show everyone that you are a man” or “live so that everyone can see you are a good man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	8	32	ls6h			0	give to him according to his righteousness	Alternate translation: “to give him what he deserves because he is righteous”
 1KI	8	33	sjq6	figs-activepassive		0	your people Israel are defeated by an enemy	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	8	33	kus8			0	confess your name	This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
-1KI	8	33	axr3	figs-abstractnouns		0	request forgiveness from you	The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1KI	8	33	axr3	figs-abstractnouns		0	request forgiveness from you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **forgiveness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1KI	8	35	ij63	figs-metaphor		0	the skies are shut up and there is no rain	The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. Alternate translation: “you do not allow rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1KI	8	35	gf9v			0	confess your name	This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md).
 1KI	8	36	uz9g	figs-metaphor		0	in which they should walk	The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	14	2	qek9			0	disguise yourself	Alternate translation: “change how you appear to others”
 1KI	14	2	dqs3	figs-activepassive		0	you will not be recognized	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will recognize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	14	5	gqa2			0	Look, the wife of Jeroboam	Here the word “Look” means “pay attention.”
-1KI	14	5	j3d5	figs-abstractnouns		0	coming to seek advice from you	The abstract noun “advice” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “coming to ask you to advise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1KI	14	5	j3d5	figs-abstractnouns		0	coming to seek advice from you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **advice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “coming to ask you to advise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1KI	14	5	yfs2	figs-idiom		0	Say such and such to her	The words “such and such” mean that Yahweh told Ahijah what to say. Alternate translation: “Speak in this way to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 1KI	14	6	ua5q	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you pretend to be someone you are not?	This question shows that Ahijah knew she was disguised. Alternate translation: “Stop pretending to be someone else; I know who you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1KI	14	6	d37a	figs-activepassive		0	I have been sent to you with bad news	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told me to give you bad news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

en_tn_12-2KI.tsv

@@ -928,19 +928,19 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2KI	15	13	wql8	figs-explicit		0	he reigned only one month in Samaria	Samaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. Alternate translation: “Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2KI	15	14	y7eg	translate-names		0	Menahem … Gadi	These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 2KI	15	14	tv6u	figs-metaphor		0	became king in his place	The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Shallum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI	15	15	t6xd	figs-explicit		0	the conspiracy that he formed	The abstract noun “conspiracy” can be translated with the verb “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+2KI	15	15	t6xd	figs-explicit		0	the conspiracy that he formed	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2KI	15	15	nd96	figs-activepassive		0	they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2KI	15	16	pmb9	translate-names		0	Tiphsah	This is the name of a city. Some versions have “Tappuah,” which is the name of another city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 2KI	15	17	wu8n	figs-explicit		0	In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah	It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 2KI	15	18	pk5a	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI	15	18	xfk1	figs-abstractnouns		0	For his whole life	The abstract noun “life” can be translated with the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2KI	15	18	xfk1	figs-abstractnouns		0	For his whole life	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2KI	15	18	y9u5	figs-metaphor		0	he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat	Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2KI	15	18	pj1m	figs-metonymy		0	who had caused Israel to sin	Here the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “who had caused the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2KI	15	19	r6vc	figs-synecdoche		0	Pul the king of Assyria came against the land	The phrase “Pul the king of Assyria” represents Pul and his army. Alternate translation: “Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 2KI	15	19	s53r	translate-names		0	Pul the king of Assyria	Pul is the name of a man who was king of Assyria. He was also named Tiglath-Pileser. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 2KI	15	19	wap9	figs-idiom		0	came against the land	The phrase “came against” is an idiom meaning to attack. “The land” refers to the land of Israel and represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “came with his army to attack the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2KI	15	19	s8m5	translate-numbers		0	one thousand talents of silver	“1,000 talents of silver.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “thirty-three thousand kilograms of silver” or “thirty-three metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
-2KI	15	19	ft85	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that Pul’s support might be with him	The abstract noun “support” can be translated with the verb “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2KI	15	19	ft85	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that Pul’s support might be with him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2KI	15	19	wx2a	figs-metaphor		0	to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand	Having the kingdom in his hand represents ruling the kingdom. Alternate translation: “to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2KI	15	20	nd7g			0	exacted this money from Israel	Alternate translation: “took this money from Israel”
 2KI	15	20	b1hv	translate-bmoney		0	fifty shekels of silver	You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “six hundred grams of silver” or “three-fifths of a kilogram of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])

en_tn_13-1CH.tsv

@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CH	16	22	l3gs	figs-hyperbole		0	Do not touch my anointed ones	Here “touch” means to harm. It is an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. Alternate translation: “Do not harm the people I have anointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 1CH	16	23	ahj3	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 1CH	16	23	zh12	figs-metonymy		0	all the earth	This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all you people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1CH	16	23	fd6r	figs-abstractnouns		0	announce his salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1CH	16	23	fd6r	figs-abstractnouns		0	announce his salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1CH	16	23	cc7q			0	day after day	Alternate translation: “every day”
 1CH	16	24	qr3t			0	Declare his glory among the nations	Alternate translation: “Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory”
 1CH	16	25	spj1	figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly” or “Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CH	17	12	krt9	figs-metonymy		0	I will establish his throne forever	The right to rule as king is described by the place where a king sits. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CH	17	13	x7rm			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
 1CH	17	13	gz2c			0	I will be a father to him, and he will be my son	The prophecy in 17:11-14 refers to Solomon, David’s son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words “father” and “son” with your normal words for a biological father and son.
-1CH	17	13	hk4h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not take my covenant faithfulness away from him, as I took it from Saul	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1CH	17	13	hk4h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not take my covenant faithfulness away from him, as I took it from Saul	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1CH	17	14	c3xe			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
 1CH	17	14	ja8t	figs-parallelism		0	I will set him over my house and in my kingdom forever, and his throne will be established forever	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that David’s dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 1CH	17	14	s265	figs-activepassive		0	his throne will be established forever	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will establish his throne forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CH	17	18	i49r			0	Connecting Statement:	David continues to speak to Yahweh.
 1CH	17	18	l6hv	figs-rquestion		0	What more can I, David, say to you?	David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CH	17	18	bjc6	figs-parallelism		0	You have honored your servant. You have given your servant special recognition	These two phrases have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-1CH	17	18	d86h	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have given your servant special recognition	The abstract noun “recognition” can be translated using the verb “recognize.” Alternate translation: “You have recognized your servant in a special way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1CH	17	18	d86h	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have given your servant special recognition	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **recognition**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “recognize.” Alternate translation: “You have recognized your servant in a special way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1CH	17	19	a849			0	Connecting Statement:	David continues to speak to Yahweh.
 1CH	17	19	h72j	figs-123person		0	your servant’s sake	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my sake” or “my benefit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 1CH	17	19	wp5s			0	to fulfill your own purpose	Alternate translation: “to accomplish what you planned to do”
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CH	19	1	i9za			0	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
 1CH	19	1	b5fi	translate-names		0	Nahash	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 1CH	19	2	dn3v	translate-names		0	Nahash … Hanun	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH	19	2	ql9n	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will show kindness … showed kindness	The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1CH	19	2	ql9n	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will show kindness … showed kindness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1CH	19	2	l5d4			0	console	comfort
 1CH	19	3	z7kg	figs-rquestion		0	Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you?	The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CH	19	3	x9u2	figs-rquestion		0	Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it?	The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

en_tn_14-2CH.tsv

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	6	24	mve8			0	because they have sinned against you	Alternate translation: “because your people Israel have sinned against you”
 2CH	6	24	b8g1	figs-metaphor		0	if they turn back to you	Here “turn back to you” represents submitting again to God. Alternate translation: “if they submit to you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CH	6	24	lg98			0	confess your name	This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
-2CH	6	24	tl3k	figs-abstractnouns		0	request forgiveness before you	The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	6	24	tl3k	figs-abstractnouns		0	request forgiveness before you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **forgiveness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	6	25	ejw4	figs-idiom		0	please listen from the heavens	To “listen” is an idiom for responding to prayer. Alternate translation: “please honor their prayer” or “please answer their prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2CH	6	25	h3hp	figs-explicit		0	bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors	This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God’s people will have gone to live in other lands. Alternate translation: “bring them back to their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CH	6	26	px2t	figs-metaphor		0	When the skies are shut up and there is no rain	The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. Alternate translation: “When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	6	40	a4re	figs-activepassive		0	to the prayer that is made in this place	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayer that we make in this place” or “to us as we pray to you in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CH	6	41	w18l	figs-metaphor		0	arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place	This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. Alternate translation: “arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CH	6	41	wy6c			0	the ark of your strength	Alternate translation: “the ark, which is a symbol of your power”
-2CH	6	41	w8wp	figs-metaphor		0	Let your priests … be clothed with salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” This could mean: (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	6	41	w8wp	figs-metaphor		0	Let your priests … be clothed with salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to save.” This could mean: (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	6	42	gdj1	figs-metaphor		0	do not turn the face of your anointed away from you	Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. Alternate translation: “do not reject your anointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CH	6	42	y5ew	figs-metonymy		0	your anointed	“your anointed one.” Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one you anointed” or “me, the one you chose to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CH	6	42	fdg8			0	Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant	The phrase “your acts” can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty”
@@ -867,9 +867,9 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	19	7	zrc9			0	let the fear of Yahweh be upon you	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge”
 2CH	19	7	k52c	figs-abstractnouns		0	there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking	The abstract nouns “iniquity,” “favoritism,” and “bribe” can be translated using the verbs “sin,” “favor,” and “bribe.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	19	8	mdr1	figs-metaphor		0	heads of the ancestral houses	Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part, and “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “leaders of the ancient families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CH	19	8	z2bw	figs-abstractnouns		0	for carrying out judgment for Yahweh	The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “to judge.” Alternate translation: “for judging the people for Yahweh” or “for judging on Yahweh’s behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	19	8	z2bw	figs-abstractnouns		0	for carrying out judgment for Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to judge.” Alternate translation: “for judging the people for Yahweh” or “for judging on Yahweh’s behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	19	8	j9ry			0	for the sake of disputes	Alternate translation: “for settling disputes” or “for resolving arguments”
-2CH	19	9	v6vw	figs-abstractnouns		0	You must serve in reverence for Yahweh	The abstract noun “reverence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You must serve while fearing Yahweh” or “You must serve while respecting Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	19	9	v6vw	figs-abstractnouns		0	You must serve in reverence for Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reverence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You must serve while fearing Yahweh” or “You must serve while respecting Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	19	9	a5tt	figs-metonymy		0	with your whole heart	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “with your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CH	19	10	x1yh			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges.
 2CH	19	10	ngf4			0	Connecting Statement:	Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges.
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	22	5	q19z	translate-names		0	Hazael	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 2CH	22	6	f5en			0	of the wounds that they had given him	Alternate translation: “from the wounds that he received at the battle”
 2CH	22	6	a51c			0	went down to Jezreel	Jezreel was lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
-2CH	22	7	es6p	figs-abstractnouns		0	Now the destruction of Ahaziah was brought about by God	The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as an action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God caused Ahaziah to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CH	22	7	es6p	figs-abstractnouns		0	Now the destruction of Ahaziah was brought about by God	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God caused Ahaziah to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CH	22	7	py2x			0	visit to Joram … went with Jehoram	“Joram” and “Jehoram” are two names for the same person.
 2CH	22	7	jk9g	translate-names		0	Nimshi	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 2CH	22	7	fsr1	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Ahab	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	25	26	yq3e			0	the book of the kings of Judah and Israel	This refers to a book that no longer exists.
 2CH	25	27	s5wp	figs-idiom		0	turned away from following Yahweh	Here “turn away” is an idiom that means he no longer obeyed Yahweh. Alternate translation: “stopped obeying Yahweh” or “started to disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2CH	25	27	n2ru			0	they began to make a conspiracy … they sent	The text does not state to whom “they” refers. Retain the generic “they” in your translation if possible.
-2CH	25	27	v2jh	figs-abstractnouns		0	make a conspiracy against him	The abstract noun “conspiracy” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “conspire against him” or “plot against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	25	27	v2jh	figs-abstractnouns		0	make a conspiracy against him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “conspire against him” or “plot against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	25	27	ndw6	translate-names		0	Lachish	a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 2CH	25	28	p98d			0	They brought	The text does not state to whom the word “They” refers. Retain the generic “they” in your translation if possible.
 2CH	25	28	m98i			0	brought him back	Alternate translation: “brought back his body”
@@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	32	21	d5z2			0	with shame on his face	Alternate translation: “embarrassed” or “ashamed”
 2CH	32	21	vc32			0	the house of his god	Alternate translation: “the temple of his god”
 2CH	32	22	aiw4	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand of Sennacherib … from the hand of all others	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of Sennacherib … from the power of all others” or “from Sennacherib … from all others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CH	32	22	s1f2	figs-abstractnouns		0	gave them rest on every side	The abstract noun “rest” can be translated as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	32	22	s1f2	figs-abstractnouns		0	gave them rest on every side	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	32	23	bw24	figs-idiom		0	he was lifted up in the eyes of all nations	Here “lifted up” is an idiom that means to honor. Also, “in the eyes” is a metaphor that represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “the people of all the nations honored him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CH	32	24	m9ff	figs-activepassive		0	that he would be healed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that he would heal Hezekiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CH	32	25	y1pq	figs-activepassive		0	But Hezekiah did not pay back Yahweh for the help given to him	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Hezekiah did not act in a grateful way after Yahweh helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	35	1	bg3u			0	in Jerusalem	Yahweh had commanded Moses that all the people of Israel were to go to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover.
 2CH	35	1	ha3p	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the fourteenth day of the first month	This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 2CH	35	2	q95a	figs-metaphor		0	He placed the priests in their positions	Placing the priests in a position is a metaphor for telling the priests which jobs they are to do. The reader should probably understand that Josiah commanded his officials to give instructions to the priests. Alternate translation: “He had people tell the priests which jobs to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CH	35	2	l5ws	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the service of	The abstract noun “service” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as they served in” or “to serve well in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	35	2	l5ws	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the service of	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **service**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as they served in” or “to serve well in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	35	3	ahj4	figs-explicit		0	that Solomon son of David, king of Israel built	The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “that Solomon, king of Israel, commanded the people to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CH	35	4	hep3			0	by the name of your ancestral houses and your divisions	The word “name” is a collective noun, referring to each name of each ancestral house and each division. Your language may need to say “according to the names of your ancestral houses and your divisions.”
 2CH	35	4	ir2z	figs-metonymy		0	your ancestral houses	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “the families that are descendants of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_18-JOB.tsv

@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ JOB	9	26	icr6	figs-simile		0	They are as fast as papyrus reed boats	Job compares
 JOB	9	26	hle5			0	papyrus reed boats	“boats made out of reeds.” Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers.
 JOB	9	26	vrq5	figs-simile		0	as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim	Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. Alternate translation: “as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JOB	9	26	iuy1			0	swoops down	Alternate translation: “rushes down”
-JOB	9	27	wk23	figs-abstractnouns		0	I would forget about my complaints	The abstract noun “complaint” can be translated as the verb “complain.” Alternate translation: “I would stop complaining” or “I would stop complaining against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	9	27	wk23	figs-abstractnouns		0	I would forget about my complaints	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **complaint**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “complain.” Alternate translation: “I would stop complaining” or “I would stop complaining against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	9	27	gn93	figs-explicit		0	my complaints	It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. Alternate translation: “my complaints against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	9	27	vk9t	figs-metaphor		0	I would take off my sad face and be happy	Job’s sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. Alternate translation: “I would stop looking unhappy and smile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	9	28	rek4	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	I would be afraid of all my sorrows	Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word “then.” Alternate translation: “Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ JOB	9	33	z743			0	There is no judge between us	This means there is no judge who
 JOB	9	33	es66	figs-idiom		0	lay his hand upon us both	Here “lay his hand upon” means having power or authority over. Alternate translation: “take hold of both of us” or “have authority over both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JOB	9	34	hm1t			0	Connecting Statement:	These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job.
 JOB	9	34	cc5r	figs-metonymy		0	take God’s rod off me	Here “God’s rod” is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. Alternate translation: “stop God from punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JOB	9	34	vs1b	figs-abstractnouns		0	keep his terror from frightening me	The abstract noun “terror” can be translated as the verb “terrify.” Alternate translation: “keep him from terrifying and frightening me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	9	34	vs1b	figs-abstractnouns		0	keep his terror from frightening me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrify.” Alternate translation: “keep him from terrifying and frightening me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	9	35	fa78			0	Then would I speak up	Alternate translation: “Then I would speak”
 JOB	9	35	ug86			0	as things are now	Alternate translation: “because this is how things are now”
 JOB	10	intro	ul99			0		# Job 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ JOB	10	15	h2sc	figs-idiom		0	lift up my head	This idiom means to be sure or conf
 JOB	10	15	yg3e			0	I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction	Another possible meaning, followed by some versions, is, “I am full of disgrace and am completely full of my own suffering,” where the disgrace is bad but the suffering is even worse.
 JOB	10	15	amu8			0	I am filled with disgrace	Alternate translation: “I am totally ashamed” or “No one respects me anymore”
 JOB	10	15	fs2u			0	disgrace	shame
-JOB	10	15	bu5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	see my affliction	The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated using the verb “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	10	15	bu5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	see my affliction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **affliction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	10	16	z3nm	figs-hypo		0	If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion	This could mean: (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
 JOB	10	16	ya75	figs-idiom		0	If my head were lifted up	This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JOB	10	16	bss8	figs-simile		0	you would stalk me like a lion	Possible meanings of this simile are: (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ JOB	11	8	hb95	figs-rquestion		0	what can you know?	Zophar uses this question to
 JOB	11	9	i9xz			0	Its measure	This could mean: (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom.
 JOB	11	9	z6cv	figs-metaphor		0	is longer than the earth … wider than the sea	God’s greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	11	10	y4fx			0	If he … shuts anyone up	Alternate translation: “If God … shuts anyone up in prison”
-JOB	11	10	d1jn	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he calls anyone to judgment	The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	11	10	d1jn	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he calls anyone to judgment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	11	10	f915	figs-rquestion		0	who can stop him?	This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. Alternate translation: “no one can stop him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	11	11	gdx6	figs-rquestion		0	does he not notice it?	This emphasizes that God does notice sin. Alternate translation: “he surely notices it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	11	12	e8e9	figs-abstractnouns		0	But foolish people have no understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ JOB	13	3	mx6r			0	I wish to reason with God	Job’s friends are judging him, but
 JOB	13	4	f979	figs-metaphor		0	you whitewash the truth with lies	Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. Alternate translation: “you hide the truth with lies” or “you lie and ignore the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	13	4	p89c	figs-metaphor		0	you are all physicians of no value	Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. Alternate translation: “you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people” or “you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	13	5	gp7i	figs-idiom		0	hold your peace	This expression means “be quiet” or “stop talking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JOB	13	5	t33j	figs-abstractnouns		0	That would be your wisdom	They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be expressed with the word “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	13	5	t33j	figs-abstractnouns		0	That would be your wisdom	They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	13	6	ezt5			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to speak to his friends.
 JOB	13	6	v78i	figs-synecdoche		0	listen to the pleading of my own lips	Here “lips” represent the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen to what I myself plead for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JOB	13	7	scy3	figs-rquestion		0	Will you speak unrighteously … deceitfully for him?	Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. Alternate translation: “You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@ JOB	28	23	qlj3	figs-metaphor		0	God understands the way to it; he knows its plac
 JOB	28	24	q6zd			0	the very ends of the earth	Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth”
 JOB	28	25	l7lk	figs-metaphor		0	parceled out the waters by measure	This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding: (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	28	26	qy1s			0	a path for the thunder	Alternate translation: “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm”
-JOB	28	28	l4bu	figs-abstractnouns		0	See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom	The abstract noun “fear” can be expressed with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” The abstract noun “wisdom” can be expressed with the word “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	28	28	l4bu	figs-abstractnouns		0	See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear” can be expressed with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” The abstract noun “wisdom**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	28	28	m7dq	figs-metaphor		0	to depart from evil is understanding	Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	intro	eli2			0		# Job 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh’s blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job’s argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.
 JOB	29	2	h8k3	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that I were as I was in the past months	Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that I were as I was in past months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ JOB	29	18	ree7	figs-hyperbole		0	I will multiply my days like the grains of sand
 JOB	29	19	f52q	figs-metaphor		0	My roots … my branches	Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	20	r1t1	figs-abstractnouns		0	The honor in me is always fresh	The abstract noun “honor” can be expressed with the verb “honor.” Here “fresh” represents the honor being constantly given. Alternate translation: “People constantly give me honor” or “People always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	29	20	bz9x	figs-metaphor		0	the bow of my strength is always new in my hand	A new bow is very strong. Job’s bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. Alternate translation: “I am always strong like a new bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	29	22	l3t7	figs-simile		0	my speech dropped like water on them	Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. The abstract noun “speech” can be translated with the verb “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people’s bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	29	22	l3t7	figs-simile		0	my speech dropped like water on them	Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people’s bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	29	23	g4bi	figs-simile		0	They always waited for me as they waited for rain	People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JOB	29	23	dye5	figs-metaphor		0	they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words	This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. Alternate translation: “they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	23	wd9h			0	as they would do for the latter rain	Alternate translation: “as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain”
@@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@ JOB	30	1	bw8l	figs-explicit		0	the dogs of my flock	The dogs’ relationship to
 JOB	30	2	dkd7	figs-rquestion		0	Indeed, the strength of their fathers’ hands, how could it have helped me … perished?	Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. Alternate translation: “The strength of their fathers’ hands could not have helped me … perished.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	30	2	n58x	figs-metaphor		0	men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished	Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	30	3	b5gi			0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers.
-JOB	30	3	i6mn	figs-abstractnouns		0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	The abstract noun “poverty” can be expressed with the word “poor.” The abstract noun “hunger” can be expressed with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	30	3	i6mn	figs-abstractnouns		0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “poor.” The abstract noun “hunger” can be expressed with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	30	3	j6n1	figs-metonymy		0	they gnawed at the dry ground	This could mean: (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	30	4	dz4r			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.
 JOB	30	4	lbt6			0	saltwort … bushes’ leaves … the roots of the broom tree	These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better.
@@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ JOB	31	27	qcf6	figs-synecdoche		0	if my heart has been secretly attracted	Here
 JOB	31	27	wm2t	translate-symaction		0	so that my mouth has kissed my hand	Here “my mouth” represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. Alternate translation: “so that I have kissed my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 JOB	31	28	pwl3	figs-activepassive		0	to be punished by judges	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JOB	31	28	g5xt			0	I would have denied the God who is above	Alternate translation: “I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above”
-JOB	31	29	b1im	figs-abstractnouns		0	at the destruction of anyone who hated me	The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	31	29	b1im	figs-abstractnouns		0	at the destruction of anyone who hated me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	31	29	p1nt			0	when disaster overtook him	Alternate translation: “when he experienced disasters”
 JOB	31	29	hvt5			0	then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
 JOB	31	30	w93c	figs-synecdoche		0	Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin	Here “my mouth” represents Job speaking. Alternate translation: “Truly I did not let myself sin” or “Truly, I did not sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -2078,14 +2078,14 @@ JOB	38	1	zh2u			0	called to Job	Alternate translation: “answered Job” or “
 JOB	38	1	zk13			0	out of a fierce storm	Alternate translation: “from a powerful storm”
 JOB	38	2	ln5m	figs-rquestion		0	Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	2	u9fl			0	Who is this who brings	Alternate translation: “Who are you to bring”
-JOB	38	2	kw1v	figs-metaphor		0	brings darkness to plans	“obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses God’s plans is spoken of as if he were making God’s plans harder to see. The abstract noun “darkness” can be translated as the verb “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	38	2	kw1v	figs-metaphor		0	brings darkness to plans	“obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses God’s plans is spoken of as if he were making God’s plans harder to see. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	2	lq69			0	by means of words without knowledge	Alternate translation: “by speaking of things about which you do not know”
 JOB	38	2	nng1	figs-abstractnouns		0	words without knowledge	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	3	ur9i	figs-idiom		0	gird up your loins like a man	“tie your robe up around your waist like a man.” Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom “gird up your loins like a man” means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. Alternate translation: “get yourself ready for hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JOB	38	4	k38w	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	4	xgy2	figs-rquestion		0	Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	4	e2l4	figs-metaphor		0	I laid the earth’s foundations	Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	38	4	p418	figs-abstractnouns		0	if you have so much understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	38	4	p418	figs-abstractnouns		0	if you have so much understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	5	y99g	figs-rquestion		0	Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	5	sp2s			0	dimensions	Alternate translation: “size”
 JOB	38	5	nt85	figs-rquestion		0	Who stretched the measuring line over it?	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -2441,7 +2441,7 @@ JOB	41	20	pqy7			0	nostrils	the two openings of the nose
 JOB	41	20	uk6d	figs-simile		0	smoke like a boiling pot	Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JOB	41	21	lgl1			0	kindles coals into flame	Alternate translation: “causes coals to catch fire”
 JOB	41	22	xx91			0	his … him	The words “his” and “him” refer to Leviathan.
-JOB	41	22	lw67	figs-abstractnouns		0	terror dances in front of him	The abstract noun “terror” can be translated as the verb “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	41	22	lw67	figs-abstractnouns		0	terror dances in front of him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	41	23	uak5	figs-activepassive		0	they cannot be moved	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can move them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JOB	41	24	b1b7	figs-simile		0	His heart is as hard as a stone	A rock or stone does not change and become soft. This could mean: (1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JOB	41	24	ja7y			0	a lower millstone	“the hardest of rocks.” The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find.

en_tn_19-PSA.tsv

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ PSA	4	6	stu3	figs-metaphor		0	lift up the light of your face on us	The writer sp
 PSA	4	7	v4vs	figs-synecdoche		0	You have given my heart more gladness	The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	4	7	b9ht	figs-metaphor		0	You have given my heart more gladness than others have	Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gladness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	4	7	izx5	figs-metonymy		0	when their grain and new wine abound	“New wine” may represent grapes. Alternate translation: “when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	4	8	b57u	figs-metaphor		0	It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep	Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “peace.” Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	4	8	b57u	figs-metaphor		0	It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep	Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	4	8	p2ce	figs-doublet		0	make me safe and secure	The words “safe” and “secure” mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. Alternate translation: “make me completely safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	5	intro	e67h			0		# Psalm 05 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
 PSA	5	1	k92k	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ PSA	18	46	w5z5	figs-activepassive		0	may my rock be praised	If your language doe
 PSA	18	46	mv1z	figs-metaphor		0	my rock	Here the writer speaks of Yahweh’s protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	18	46	h9ey	figs-activepassive		0	May the God of my salvation be exalted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May people exalt the God of my salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	18	46	xf2h	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God of my salvation	The abstract nouns “salvation” can be stated as “saved” or “rescued.” Alternate translation: “the God who rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	18	47	v7ab	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God who executes vengeance for me	To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “vengeance.” Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	18	47	v7ab	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God who executes vengeance for me	To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	18	48	l9y3	figs-activepassive		0	I am set free	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has set me free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	18	48	z54b	figs-metaphor		0	you lifted me above	Yahweh’s protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. Alternate translation: “you put me in a safe place high above” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	18	48	k73f			0	who rose against me	Alternate translation: “who attacked me” or “who rebelled against me”
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ PSA	26	1	a4v9	figs-metaphor		0	without wavering	Doubting is spoken of as if it w
 PSA	26	2	zxg5			0	Examine me	Alternate translation: “Try me”
 PSA	26	2	iqe7	figs-doublet		0	test the purity of my inner parts and my heart	Here “inner parts” and “heart” mean motives. Alternate translation: “test whether my motives are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	26	3	qc7g	figs-metaphor		0	For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes	Here “eyes” represent a person’s thoughts and having something before one’s eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	26	3	am2g	figs-metaphor		0	I walk about in your faithfulness	The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	26	3	am2g	figs-metaphor		0	I walk about in your faithfulness	The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	26	4	b17j			0	I do not associate with	Alternate translation: “I do not keep company with” or “I do not sit with”
 PSA	26	4	j2s7			0	with deceitful people	Alternate translation: “with those who deceive others”
 PSA	26	4	u6k2	figs-parallelism		0	nor do I mingle with dishonest people	This means the same as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “and I do not join with dishonest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ PSA	30	3	ryd7	figs-metonymy		0	from going down to the grave	The “grave” repr
 PSA	30	4	jui4	figs-abstractnouns		0	Give thanks when you remember his holiness	The abstract nouns “thanks” and “holiness” can be stated as “thank” and “holy.” Alternate translation: “Remember that God is holy and thank him” or “Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	30	5	n3py	figs-abstractnouns		0	his anger is only for a moment	“his anger lasts only a moment.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “he is angry for only a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	30	5	ls29	figs-metonymy		0	a moment	Here “moment” represents a short amount of time. Alternate translation: “a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	30	5	zm7v	figs-abstractnouns		0	but his favor is for a lifetime	The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as the adjective “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	30	5	zm7v	figs-abstractnouns		0	but his favor is for a lifetime	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	30	5	vw11	figs-metaphor		0	Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning	This speaks about “weeping” and “joy” as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. Alternate translation: “We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	30	6	v3a5	figs-abstractnouns		0	In confidence	The word “confidence” is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. Alternate translation: “When I was confident” or “When I felt safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	30	6	p1kl	figs-metaphor		0	I will never be shaken	The word “shaken” is a metaphor for defeat. Alternate translation: “No one will defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@ PSA	37	29	t6ic	figs-metaphor		0	will inherit the land	The possession of the land
 PSA	37	30	u8ut	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This refers to the people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	37	30	w34s	figs-synecdoche		0	The mouth of the righteous person	Here “mouth” represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “The righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	37	30	hy67	figs-abstractnouns		0	speaks wisdom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “gives wise advice to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	37	30	xy8u	figs-abstractnouns		0	increases justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	37	30	xy8u	figs-abstractnouns		0	increases justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	37	31	bga8	figs-metonymy		0	The law of his God is in his heart	Here “in his heart” refers to his deepest inner being. Alternate translation: “He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	37	31	nf23	figs-metaphor		0	his feet will not slip	Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. Alternate translation: “he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk” or “he will safely do the things God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	37	32	jz23	figs-genericnoun		0	The wicked person … the righteous person	These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people … righteous people” or “Any wicked person” or “any righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ PSA	38	20	bbb4	figs-metaphor		0	pursued what is good	The writers desire for what
 PSA	38	21	czy3	figs-parallelism		0	Do not abandon me … do not stay far away from me	These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	38	21	nrs8	figs-metaphor		0	do not stay far away from me	Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer’s request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	38	22	zv2x	figs-metaphor		0	Come quickly to help me	God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	38	22	a3xa	figs-abstractnouns		0	my salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	38	22	a3xa	figs-abstractnouns		0	my salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	39	intro	z1zc			0		# Psalm 039 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Life<br>Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God’s healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.
 PSA	39	1	lx3e	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	39	1	rc8d			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship,”
@@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ PSA	40	15	fqa6			0	Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to
 PSA	40	15	i1aw			0	Let them be shocked because of their shame	Alternate translation: “I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them”
 PSA	40	15	rbg9	figs-exclamations		0	Aha, aha!	These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in [Psalms 35:21](../035/021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 PSA	40	16	az21	figs-doublet		0	rejoice and be glad	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA	40	16	yq7n	figs-abstractnouns		0	loves your salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	40	16	yq7n	figs-abstractnouns		0	loves your salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	40	17	v567	figs-doublet		0	poor and needy	These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	40	17	ep4r			0	the Lord thinks about me	Alternate translation: “the Lord cares for me”
 PSA	40	17	a8vb	figs-parallelism		0	You are my help … you come to my rescue	These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1870,7 +1870,7 @@ PSA	52	7	qv2z	figs-metonymy		0	did not make God his refuge	Here “refuge” rep
 PSA	52	8	u1wy			0	a green olive tree	Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over.
 PSA	52	8	e2xz	figs-simile		0	I am like a green olive tree in God’s house	Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. Alternate translation: “I am strong in God’s house, like a green olive tree” or “Because I worship in God’s house, I am secure like a green olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	52	8	ydi4			0	in God’s house	This refers to God’s temple.
-PSA	52	8	bgx6	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	52	8	bgx6	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	52	9	cj6z	figs-metonymy		0	I will wait for your name, because it is good	God’s name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. Alternate translation: “I will wait for you, because you are good” or “I will wait for you to help me, because you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	53	intro	u3hp			0		# Psalm 053 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### God’s watching mankind<br>God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
 PSA	53	1	btc5	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -2090,7 +2090,7 @@ PSA	59	8	x3cx			0	you hold all the nations in derision	Alternate translation:
 PSA	59	8	tjt6			0	derision	ridicule
 PSA	59	9	av6p	figs-metonymy		0	my strength	God’s being the psalmist’s strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “you are my strength” or “you are my protector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	59	9	mi4w	figs-metaphor		0	you are my high tower	A high tower is a place that people could go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you protect me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	59	10	v7d9	figs-explicit		0	My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness	This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me” or “My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	59	10	v7d9	figs-explicit		0	My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness	This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me” or “My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	59	10	tb7v	figs-abstractnouns		0	my desire on my enemies	The abstract noun “desire” can be expressed with the verb “want.” Alternate translation: “what I want to happen to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	59	11	c9tk			0	Scatter them	Alternate translation: “Cause them to wander around”
 PSA	59	11	yf94	figs-metonymy		0	our shield	God’s protecting the righteous is spoken of as if God were a shield. Alternate translation: “our protector” or “the one who protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -2107,7 +2107,7 @@ PSA	59	16	vmt2			0	in the day of my distress	Alternate translation: “whenever
 PSA	59	17	q7yw	figs-sentences		0	To you, my strength, I will sing praises	“To you, my strength” can be combined as one clause. Alternate translation: “You are my strength, so I will sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
 PSA	59	17	g4db	figs-metonymy		0	my strength	God’s being the psalmist’s strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “my protector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	59	17	m2u5	figs-metaphor		0	for God is my high tower	High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you have protected me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	59	17	shn4	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God of covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “He is the God who is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	59	17	shn4	figs-abstractnouns		0	the God of covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “He is the God who is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	60	intro	wza8			0		# Psalm 060 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 60 is a psalm of war.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Protection<br>God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom.
 PSA	60	1	ev3m	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	60	1	usc3			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
@@ -2183,8 +2183,8 @@ PSA	62	10	ubx1	figs-doublet		0	oppression or robbery	These two words have basica
 PSA	62	10	eu3d	figs-metaphor		0	for they will bear no fruit	The writer speaks of riches as if they were trees or vines that could bear fruit. Alternate translation: “for they will provide nothing good for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	62	10	j6sj	figs-idiom		0	do not fix your heart on them	Here “fix your heart” is an idiom that means to desire something greatly. Alternate translation: “do not desire them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	62	11	x8ts			0	God has spoken once, twice have I heard this	This means that God has said this more than once.
-PSA	62	11	kc1v	figs-metaphor		0	power belongs to God	God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun “power” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “God is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	62	12	n56f	figs-metaphor		0	Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness	God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	62	11	kc1v	figs-metaphor		0	power belongs to God	God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **power**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “God is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	62	12	n56f	figs-metaphor		0	Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness	God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	62	12	gl1p	figs-metaphor		0	for you pay back every person for what he has done	The writer speaks of God’s rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	63	intro	py5b			0		# Psalm 063 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.
 PSA	63	1	rct4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -2496,7 +2496,7 @@ PSA	70	2	g5lq	figs-metaphor		0	turned back	To be stopped or thwarted is spoken o
 PSA	70	3	b66b			0	those who say, “Aha, aha.”	This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace “Aha, aha” with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. Alternate translation: “those who mock and laugh at me”
 PSA	70	4	hi48	figs-metaphor		0	seek you	Seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	70	4	fiv4	figs-doublet		0	rejoice and be glad	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “rejoice greatly” or “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA	70	4	k76h	figs-abstractnouns		0	love your salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	70	4	k76h	figs-abstractnouns		0	love your salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	70	4	ymr2	figs-hyperbole		0	always say	This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 PSA	70	4	xit2	figs-activepassive		0	May God be praised	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let everyone praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	70	5	k146	figs-doublet		0	poor and needy	Here the words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -2542,8 +2542,8 @@ PSA	71	13	i5m7	figs-abstractnouns		0	those who seek my hurt	The noun “hurt”
 PSA	71	14	ew9i			0	more and more	Alternate translation: “more all the time” or “always more than I have before”
 PSA	71	15	ukx5			0	My mouth will tell about your righteousness and your salvation all the day, although I cannot understand it	Alternate translation: “I do not completely understand your righteousness and your salvation, but my mouth will tell about them all the day”
 PSA	71	15	r4ct	figs-synecdoche		0	My mouth will tell	The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell” or “I will speak with my mouth and tell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA	71	15	diu6	figs-abstractnouns		0	your righteousness	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	71	15	hjv1	figs-abstractnouns		0	your salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	71	15	diu6	figs-abstractnouns		0	your righteousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	71	15	hjv1	figs-abstractnouns		0	your salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	71	16	mem9	figs-go		0	I will come	This could mean: (1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or (2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
 PSA	71	16	ntp3			0	with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh	This could mean: (1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or (2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.”
 PSA	71	16	xcy8			0	will make mention of	Alternate translation: “will talk about”
@@ -2699,7 +2699,7 @@ PSA	74	11	hk11			0	your right hand	Alternate translation: “your strongest hand
 PSA	74	11	nc4l	figs-metonymy		0	Take your right hand from your garment	The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. “Stop hiding your power and take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	74	12	n2ul			0	General Information:	This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God’s mighty deeds in the history of his people.
 PSA	74	12	r8vz			0	God has been my king from ancient times	This could mean: (1) Asaph is speaking as Israel’s representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or (2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.”
-PSA	74	12	tqm1	figs-abstractnouns		0	bringing salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PSA	74	12	tqm1	figs-abstractnouns		0	bringing salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	74	13	gap9	figs-explicit		0	You divided … in the waters	Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	74	13	ag39	figs-personification		0	You divided the sea by your strength	Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. “You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	74	13	r6uh			0	the sea	Alternate translation: “the great water”
@@ -2792,7 +2792,7 @@ PSA	77	6	kh2e			0	what had happened	Another possible meaning is “what was happ
 PSA	77	7	ie4q	figs-doublet		0	Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me favor?	These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	77	7	gat1			0	show me favor	Alternate translation: “do things that show that he is pleased with me”
 PSA	77	8	ydt2			0	General Information:	Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally.
-PSA	77	8	d9gm	figs-abstractnouns		0	Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever?	Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	77	8	d9gm	figs-abstractnouns		0	Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever?	Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness had gone away. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	77	9	q3fw	figs-doublet		0	Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion?	These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	77	9	qup5	figs-personification		0	Had his anger shut off his compassion	Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, Alternate translation: “Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	77	10	v28j			0	I said	This could mean: (1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or (2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh.
@@ -2804,9 +2804,9 @@ PSA	77	12	br6v	figs-doublet		0	I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on
 PSA	77	12	vsp7			0	ponder	think deeply about
 PSA	77	12	ju2f			0	reflect on them	Alternate translation: “think of what they mean”
 PSA	77	13	tr7z	figs-rquestion		0	what god compares to our great God?	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no god compares to our great God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-PSA	77	14	vh9m	figs-abstractnouns		0	revealed your strength among the peoples	The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “shown people from many people groups how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	77	14	vh9m	figs-abstractnouns		0	revealed your strength among the peoples	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “shown people from many people groups how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	77	15	nc87			0	gave your people victory … the descendants	Alternate translation: “gave us, your people, victory … us who are the descendants”
-PSA	77	15	cz77	figs-abstractnouns		0	gave your people victory	The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “caused your people to be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	77	15	cz77	figs-abstractnouns		0	gave your people victory	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **victory**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “caused your people to be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	77	15	ani3			0	the descendants of Jacob and Joseph	This refers to the entire nation of Israel.
 PSA	77	16	ms5u	figs-personification		0	The waters saw you … they were afraid … the depths trembled	Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	77	16	a22h	figs-doublet		0	the waters saw you, and they were afraid; the depths trembled	“water” and “depth” refers to large bodies of water such as the sea or ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -2861,7 +2861,7 @@ PSA	78	23	wx6j	figs-metaphor		0	opened the doors of the sky	Asaph speaks of the
 PSA	78	24	mrr5			0	He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven	These two lines speak of the same event.
 PSA	78	24	u9dw			0	He rained down manna	Alternate translation: “He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain”
 PSA	78	25	l158	figs-synecdoche		0	the bread of angels	This refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “the same kind of food that angels eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA	78	25	a5x1	figs-abstractnouns		0	food in abundance	The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “abundant food” or “a large amount of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	78	25	a5x1	figs-abstractnouns		0	food in abundance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “abundant food” or “a large amount of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	78	26	t8wt			0	He caused	Alternate translation: “God caused”
 PSA	78	27	f33h	figs-metaphor		0	He rained down meat on them like dust	The writer speaks of Yahweh causing birds to fall from the sky as if the birds were rain that Yahweh caused to fall. He compares the large amount of birds to dust. Alternate translation: “He caused meat to fall from the sky like rain, and there was so much of it that it covered the ground like dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	78	27	x2ac			0	meat	birds
@@ -3450,14 +3450,14 @@ PSA	91	13	sw74			0	adders	types of poisonous snake.
 PSA	91	13	qme2			0	trample	crush by walking heavily on
 PSA	91	14	hzl3			0	Because he is devoted to me	Alternate translation: “Because he loves me”
 PSA	91	15	cwn1	figs-explicit		0	I will be with him in trouble	This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be with him when he is in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PSA	91	15	am3h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will give him victory	The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to be victorious” or “I will enable him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	91	15	am3h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will give him victory	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **victory**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to be victorious” or “I will enable him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	91	16	jc9f	figs-idiom		0	will satisfy him with the length of his days	The idiom “the length of his days” here refers to the duration of his life. It may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy him by giving him a long life” or “I will make him happy by letting him live a very long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	91	16	xnz9	figs-metaphor		0	and show him my salvation	“and I will show him my salvation.” The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	92	intro	cs72			0		# Psalm 092 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God’s kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Justice<br>God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
 PSA	92	1	bx9h	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	92	1	fur9	figs-metonymy		0	to sing praises to your name	The words “your name” are a metonym for “you.” Alternate translation: “to sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	92	2	b75i	figs-abstractnouns		0	proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with the adjective “faithful.” Alternate translation: “proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	92	2	s7d2	figs-ellipsis		0	your truthfulness every night	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “proclaim every night that everything you say is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	92	2	b75i	figs-abstractnouns		0	proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	92	2	s7d2	figs-ellipsis		0	your truthfulness every night	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truthfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “proclaim every night that everything you say is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	92	4	mn13			0	glad	happy
 PSA	92	4	m1f8	figs-abstractnouns		0	through your deeds	The abstract noun phrase “your deeds” can be translated with the relative clause “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “by what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	92	4	if93	figs-abstractnouns		0	the deeds of your hands	The abstract noun phrase “the deeds of your hands” can be translated with the relative clause “what your hands have done.” The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “What you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -3531,7 +3531,7 @@ PSA	94	11	z81z			0	vapor	“mist.” See how this word is translated in [Psalms
 PSA	94	12	dl5m			0	General Information:	Now the writer again talks to Yahweh.
 PSA	94	13	y3g3	figs-activepassive		0	until a pit is dug for the wicked	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s punishing the wicked as if Yahweh were trapping an animal in a pit. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you dig a pit for the wicked” or “until you destroy the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	94	14	gwf5			0	his inheritance	Alternate translation: “those whom he has chosen to be with him forever”
-PSA	94	15	m8cb	figs-metonymy		0	judgment will again be righteous	The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judges will again judge righteously” or “judges will again make righteous decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	94	15	m8cb	figs-metonymy		0	judgment will again be righteous	The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judges will again judge righteously” or “judges will again make righteous decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	94	15	l96i	figs-nominaladj		0	the upright in heart	The adjective phrase “upright in heart” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “those whose hearts are right with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	94	15	h275			0	will follow it	Alternate translation: “will want the judges to judge righteously”
 PSA	94	16	h7cv	figs-rquestion		0	Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked?	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one will defend me against the evildoers. No one will help me fight against the wicked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -3539,8 +3539,8 @@ PSA	94	16	x3ap	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	The adjective “wicked” can be t
 PSA	94	17	pgd7	figs-hypo		0	Unless Yahweh had been my help … silence	This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
 PSA	94	17	ecb1	figs-abstractnouns		0	Unless Yahweh had been my help	The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh had not helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	94	17	zjq1	figs-euphemism		0	I would soon be lying down in the place of silence	Here “would be lying down” refers to “death” and “in the place of silence” refers to the grave.” Alternate translation: “in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-PSA	94	18	gqn7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	94	19	f9kp	figs-abstractnouns		0	When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy	The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. The abstract noun “consolations” can be translated with the verb “console” or “comfort.” Alternate translation: “When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	94	18	gqn7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	94	19	f9kp	figs-abstractnouns		0	When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy	The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **consolations**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “console” or “comfort.” Alternate translation: “When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	94	20	uc2u	figs-rquestion		0	Can a throne of destruction be allied with you, one who creates injustice by statute?	This rhetorical question is used to make a point. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wicked ruler who makes unjust laws is not your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	94	20	w3hm	figs-metonymy		0	a throne of destruction	Here the metonym “throne” refers to a king or ruler. Alternate translation: “a wicked ruler” or “corrupt judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	94	21	z1ls			0	conspire	secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal
@@ -3581,7 +3581,7 @@ PSA	96	1	i5dj	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in He
 PSA	96	1	sm6u			0	a new song	a song no one has ever sung before
 PSA	96	1	mlu3	figs-metonymy		0	all the earth	This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all you people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	96	2	e8ws	figs-metonymy		0	bless his name	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	96	2	m2w2	figs-abstractnouns		0	announce his salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	96	2	m2w2	figs-abstractnouns		0	announce his salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	96	3	w4ht			0	Declare his glory among the nations	Alternate translation: “Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory”
 PSA	96	4	t9di	figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly” or “Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	96	4	lx5h	figs-activepassive		0	He is to be feared above all other gods	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fear him above all other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -3638,12 +3638,12 @@ PSA	98	1	p2zl			0	a new song	a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is
 PSA	98	1	diq2	figs-metonymy		0	his right hand and his holy arm have	The words “right hand” and “holy arm” refer to Yahweh’s strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. Alternate translation: “his very great power has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	98	1	wsb2			0	right hand	the more powerful and skilled hand
 PSA	98	1	q78c	figs-metonymy		0	holy arm	Here “arm” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “the power that is his alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	98	1	q2q6	figs-abstractnouns		0	have given him victory	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “victory.” Alternate translation: “have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies” or “has enabled him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	98	2	e23q	figs-abstractnouns		0	made known his salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “showed people that he saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	98	2	r9rs	figs-abstractnouns		0	showed his justice to all the nations	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the adjective “just.” The word “nations” is a metonym for “the people who live in all the nations.” Alternate translation: “showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	98	1	q2q6	figs-abstractnouns		0	have given him victory	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies” or “has enabled him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	98	2	e23q	figs-abstractnouns		0	made known his salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “showed people that he saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	98	2	r9rs	figs-abstractnouns		0	showed his justice to all the nations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “just.” The word “nations” is a metonym for “the people who live in all the nations.” Alternate translation: “showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	98	3	p5wz	figs-idiom		0	calls to mind	“remembers.” See how “call to mind” is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	98	3	k1dm	figs-metonymy		0	all the ends of the earth	This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “people from all over the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	98	3	g1bq	figs-abstractnouns		0	will see the victory of our God	The abstract noun “victory” can be translated using the verb “defeat.” Alternate translation: “will see our God defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	98	3	g1bq	figs-abstractnouns		0	will see the victory of our God	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **victory**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “defeat.” Alternate translation: “will see our God defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	98	4	qdk5	figs-metonymy		0	all the earth	This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	98	4	l8fc			0	burst into song	Alternate translation: “suddenly begin singing happily”
 PSA	98	4	p9j9			0	sing for joy	Alternate translation: “sing because you are happy”
@@ -3667,7 +3667,7 @@ PSA	99	1	i5p3			0	quakes	shakes
 PSA	99	2	w3l7			0	Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations	Alternate translation: “Not only is Yahweh great in Zion, he is exalted above all the nations” or “Not only does Yahweh rule in Zion, he rules over all the nations”
 PSA	99	2	e9l4	figs-activepassive		0	he is exalted above all the nations	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people in all the nations exalt him” or “people in all nations praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	99	3	r44j			0	Let them praise your great and awesome name	Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God.
-PSA	99	4	c51t	figs-abstractnouns		0	he loves justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the phrase “what is just.” Alternate translation: “he loves doing what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	99	4	c51t	figs-abstractnouns		0	he loves justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “what is just.” Alternate translation: “he loves doing what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	99	4	f41e	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have established fairness	The abstract noun “fairness” is a metonym for the laws that are fair. Alternate translation: “The laws you have established are fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	99	5	j6yj	figs-explicit		0	worship at his footstool	Here the word “footstool” likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “worship Yahweh at his footstool” or “worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	99	7	cv85			0	solemn	important, given seriously
@@ -3682,15 +3682,15 @@ PSA	100	3	uxa7	figs-metaphor		0	the sheep of his pasture	God’s people are like
 PSA	100	3	z4at			0	pasture	a grassy area for feeding animals
 PSA	100	4	tb64			0	with thanksgiving	Alternate translation: “while thanking him” or “while giving thanks to him”
 PSA	100	4	zt85	figs-metonymy		0	bless his name	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	100	5	qn11	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he is faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	100	5	e52y	figs-ellipsis		0	his truthfulness through all generations	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “his truthfulness endures through all generations” or “he is truthful through all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	100	5	qn11	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he is faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	100	5	e52y	figs-ellipsis		0	his truthfulness through all generations	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truthfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “his truthfulness endures through all generations” or “he is truthful through all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	100	5	nly8			0	through all generations	“generation after generation.” See how this is translated in [Psalms 89:4](../089/004.md).
 PSA	101	intro	vhm3			0		# Psalm 11 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God’s help in living as a person should.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Encouragement<br>The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
 PSA	101	1	icq7	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	101	1	lx29	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “justice” can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: “I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	101	2	v15m	figs-metaphor		0	I will walk in the way of integrity	Here David speaks about “living” as if it were “walking.” Alternate translation: “I will live in a way that is honest and right” or “I will live a life full of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	101	2	x9km	figs-metaphor		0	I will walk with integrity within my house	Here David speaks about “living” as if it were walking.” Also, David speaks of overseeing his house with integrity, as if integrity were a physical object residing in his house. Alternate translation: “I will oversee my house with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	101	3	ebd9	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “wrongdoing.” The idiom, “put evil before my eyes,” means to approve of it. Alternate translation: “I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+PSA	101	3	ebd9	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The idiom, “put evil before my eyes,” means to approve of it. Alternate translation: “I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	101	3	l5pl	figs-personification		0	it will not cling to me	David describes “evil” as if it were something unable to cling to him. This means that he would avoid evil things and people doing evil things. Alternate translation: “I will completely avoid evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	101	3	cx52			0	cling	hold on to something or someone very tightly
 PSA	101	4	v5jw			0	to evil	Alternate translation: “to anything that is evil”
@@ -3766,7 +3766,7 @@ PSA	103	9	whp1	figs-parallelism		0	He will not always discipline; he is not alwa
 PSA	103	10	ma6v	figs-parallelism		0	He does not deal with us … or repay us	These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve. Alternate translation: “He does not repay us with the punishment we deserve for our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	103	10	e5pc			0	deal with us	Alternate translation: “punish us”
 PSA	103	11	me8x	figs-simile		0	For as the skies are high … toward those who honor him	The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God’s love for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-PSA	103	11	e326	figs-abstractnouns		0	so great is his covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so he is very faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	103	11	e326	figs-abstractnouns		0	so great is his covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so he is very faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	103	12	tv54	figs-simile		0	As far as the east … removed the guilt of our sins from us	The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	103	13	yv8t	figs-simile		0	As a father has compassion … on those who honor him	Here the author compares a father’s compassion for his children to Yahweh’s compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	103	14	l1y7	figs-activepassive		0	how we are formed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what our bodies are like” or “how he formed our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -3775,7 +3775,7 @@ PSA	103	15	dwr3	figs-simile		0	As for man, his days are like grass	In this simil
 PSA	103	15	zx2q	figs-simile		0	he flourishes like a flower in a field	In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	103	15	p86d			0	flourishes	To “flourish” is to grow well or be healthy.
 PSA	103	16	pk91	figs-simile		0	The wind blows over it, and it disappears … where it once grew	These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. Alternate translation: “The wind blows over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew—it is the same way with man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-PSA	103	17	x8ia	figs-abstractnouns		0	the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	103	17	x8ia	figs-abstractnouns		0	the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	103	17	c87z	figs-merism		0	is from everlasting to everlasting	This means that Yahweh’s love continues forever. Alternate translation: “will continue forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
 PSA	103	17	h9c9			0	their descendants	Alternate translation: “the descendants of those who honor him”
 PSA	103	18	qg3h	figs-parallelism		0	They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions	These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -3909,7 +3909,7 @@ PSA	105	43	vc3k			0	shouts of triumph	the sound that people make when they are s
 PSA	105	45	x32z	figs-parallelism		0	keep his statutes and obey his laws	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. “To keep” his statutes means to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey his laws and statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	106	intro	b2l3			0		# Psalm 16 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s sin<br>Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
 PSA	106	1	m751	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-PSA	106	1	n4rk	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “for he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	106	1	n4rk	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “for he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	106	2	mp3f	figs-rquestion		0	Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh … deeds?	The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. Alternate translation: “No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh … deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	106	2	gxs8			0	praiseworthy deeds	Alternate translation: “deeds that are worthy of praise”
 PSA	106	4	hu15	figs-idiom		0	Call me to mind	The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -3918,7 +3918,7 @@ PSA	106	5	hyv2	figs-ellipsis		0	rejoice in the gladness … and glory	These are
 PSA	106	5	xr8z			0	gladness	joy, delight
 PSA	106	5	upf7	figs-metonymy		0	glory with your inheritance	Here the phrase “your inheritance” refers to the Isrealites, who are Yahweh’s chosen people. Here “glory” means “to boast about” something; in this case they are boasting about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “boast of your greatness with your people” or “boast with your people about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	106	7	f98d			0	did not appreciate your marvelous deeds	Alternate translation: “were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did”
-PSA	106	7	ba4y	figs-abstractnouns		0	they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	106	7	ba4y	figs-abstractnouns		0	they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	106	7	i9mu			0	at the sea … the Sea of Reeds	These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea.
 PSA	106	8	gj3d			0	Nevertheless, he	Alternate translation: “Even though what I have just said is true, he”
 PSA	106	8	cz9e	figs-metonymy		0	for his name’s sake	Here “his name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the sake of his own reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3979,7 +3979,7 @@ PSA	106	48	qmx9	figs-activepassive		0	May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised
 PSA	106	48	qzy4	figs-merism		0	from everlasting to everlasting	This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
 PSA	107	intro	j88n			0		# Psalm 17 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Praise<br>The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
 PSA	107	1	h2en	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-PSA	107	1	he6p	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	107	1	he6p	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	107	2	p5ij	figs-nominaladj		0	the redeemed of Yahweh	“The redeemed” refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	107	2	j8q7	figs-idiom		0	speak out	This means to tell others about something. Alternate translation: “tell about what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	107	2	ftq5	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand of the enemy	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3990,7 +3990,7 @@ PSA	107	4	hnu5			0	on a desert road	Alternate translation: “on a road that was
 PSA	107	4	c3wb			0	in which to live	Alternate translation: “that they could live in”
 PSA	107	6	j2tf	figs-explicit		0	Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble	It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	107	6	xe6n			0	their distress	Alternate translation: “their difficulties” or “their afflictions”
-PSA	107	8	cw6e	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	107	8	cw6e	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	107	8	a7ad			0	for humanity	Alternate translation: “for all people”
 PSA	107	9	v9jj			0	For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty	Alternate translation: “For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty”
 PSA	107	9	pk1w			0	the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things	Alternate translation: “to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat”
@@ -4005,7 +4005,7 @@ PSA	107	13	w6na			0	their distress	“difficulties” or “afflictions.” See
 PSA	107	13	qk74	figs-metaphor		0	he brought	Here David describes Yahweh saving them from their distress as if their distress were a physical place that he was bringing them out of. Alternate translation: “he saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	107	14	h4hv			0	He brought them	Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought those in prison”
 PSA	107	14	ca58	figs-doublet		0	darkness and gloom	Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:10](../107/010.md). Alternate translation: “complete darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA	107	15	hl74	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	107	15	hl74	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	107	16	xw9f			0	For he	Alternate translation: “because he”
 PSA	107	16	a9c5	figs-parallelism		0	For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron	Both of these phrases describe Yahweh freeing his people from prison and are used to emphasize that Yahweh truly freed them. Alternate translation: “He freed his people from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	107	17	cg19			0	They were foolish in their rebellious ways	Alternate translation: “They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh”
@@ -4013,7 +4013,7 @@ PSA	107	17	w525	figs-explicit		0	and afflicted	“and they suffered.” Specific
 PSA	107	18	qkk6	figs-metaphor		0	they came close to the gates of death	Here the act of “dying” is described as a place, “the gates of death” Alternate translation: “they almost died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	107	19	h1yt	figs-explicit		0	Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble	It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md). Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	107	20	q29l	figs-personification		0	He sent his word and healed them	Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. This could mean: (1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or (2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-PSA	107	21	b9jy	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	107	21	b9jy	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	107	22	qpm7			0	of thanksgiving	Alternate translation: “that show that they are thankful”
 PSA	107	22	ct4t			0	in singing	Alternate translation: “by singing about them”
 PSA	107	23	w4vq	figs-explicit		0	and do business overseas	They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. Alternate translation: “selling things in cities far away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -4029,7 +4029,7 @@ PSA	107	28	jw4k			0	he brought them	Alternate translation: “he guided them”
 PSA	107	29	yp9j			0	He calmed the storm	Alternate translation: “He made the wind stop”
 PSA	107	29	ca97	figs-activepassive		0	the waves were stilled	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he made the waves still” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	107	30	pch1			0	their desired harbor	Alternate translation: “to the harbor where they wanted to go”
-PSA	107	31	bw2u	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	107	31	bw2u	figs-exclamations		0	Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	107	32	r3mg			0	praise him in the council of the elders	“when the elders sit together.” The elders sat together to discuss issues in the community and to make decisions for the community.
 PSA	107	33	ni1b			0	He turns	Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes”
 PSA	107	34	d8df			0	because of the wickedness of its people	Alternate translation: “because the people that live there are wicked”
@@ -4053,7 +4053,7 @@ PSA	107	42	j8l2	figs-nominaladj		0	The upright	This refers to people who live in
 PSA	107	42	pa98	figs-metonymy		0	all wickedness	Here wicked people are referred to as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “all wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	107	42	s6wb	figs-idiom		0	shuts its mouth	This means to not say anything in response. Alternate translation: “has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	107	43	fk8h	figs-idiom		0	take note of these things	This means to think about these things. Alternate translation: “think about these things” or “remember these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA	107	43	u9kq	figs-abstractnouns		0	meditate on Yahweh’s acts of covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	107	43	u9kq	figs-abstractnouns		0	meditate on Yahweh’s acts of covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	108	intro	vpj5			0		# Psalm 18 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 108 is a psalm of war.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Victory<br>God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom.
 PSA	108	1	lxd7	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	108	1	c1mr	figs-synecdoche		0	My heart is fixed, God	Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word “fixed” means to trust completely. Alternate translation: “My heart is fixed on you, God” or “I am trusting completely in you, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -4111,7 +4111,7 @@ PSA	109	14	k5nj	figs-activepassive		0	May his ancestors’ sins be mentioned to
 PSA	109	14	hen7	figs-activepassive		0	may the sin of his mother not be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May you not forget the sins that his mother committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	109	15	bg71	figs-metaphor		0	May their guilt always be before Yahweh	Here David speaks about Yahweh thinking about their guilt as if their guilt is something physically present before him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh continually think about their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	109	15	g7c5	figs-metonymy		0	may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth	David uses the word “earth” to refer to all the people that live on the earth. Also, the phrase “their memory” refers to people remembering them after they have died. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	109	16	yx2x	figs-explicit		0	this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness	This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people” or “this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	109	16	yx2x	figs-explicit		0	this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness	This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people” or “this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	109	16	x4b8	figs-nominaladj		0	the oppressed, the needy	This refers to oppressed and needy people. Alternate translation: “oppressed people, needy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	109	16	ju66	figs-nominaladj		0	the disheartened	This refers to people who are disheartened. Alternate translation: “disheartened people” or “people who have lost hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	109	16	qim3			0	to death	“until they died.” This means that he harassed them until they died.
@@ -4126,7 +4126,7 @@ PSA	109	19	j7lw	figs-ellipsis		0	like the belt he always wears	The words “may
 PSA	109	20	l5zl			0	May this be the reward	Alternate translation: “May these curses be the reward”
 PSA	109	21	a7fj	figs-idiom		0	deal kindly with me	This is a request for Yahweh to treat him kindly. Alternate translation: “treat me kindly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	109	21	zbn1			0	your name’s sake	Alternate translation: “the sake of your reputation”
-PSA	109	21	qx2e	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because your covenant faithfulness is good	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	109	21	qx2e	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because your covenant faithfulness is good	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	109	22	c385	figs-doublet		0	oppressed and needy	These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	109	22	b3t9	figs-metaphor		0	my heart is wounded within me	Here David speaks of being in great despair as his heart being wounded. Alternate translation: “I am full of grief and despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	109	23	gx1w	figs-metaphor		0	I am fading away like the shadow … like a locust	David feels like he is going to die soon and describes this feeling by comparing himself to a fading shadow and to how the wind blows away locust. Alternate translation: “I feel like I am about to die, like an evening shadow that will soon disappear, like a locust is easily blown away by the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -4135,7 +4135,7 @@ PSA	109	24	v9cy			0	from fasting	Alternate translation: “because I am not eati
 PSA	109	24	i7xf	figs-idiom		0	I am turning to skin and bones	This means that he has lost a lot of weight. Alternate translation: “my body has become very thin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	109	25	li9g	figs-activepassive		0	I am disdained by my accusers	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My accusers ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	109	25	qvc7			0	shake their heads	This is an act of disapproval.
-PSA	109	26	u86i	figs-abstractnouns		0	save me by your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	109	26	u86i	figs-abstractnouns		0	save me by your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	109	27	hv1a			0	May they know	The word “they” refers to David’s accusers and the people who say bad things about him.
 PSA	109	27	j58d			0	have done this	Alternate translation: “have saved me”
 PSA	109	28	acp8			0	Though they curse me	The word “they” refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him.
@@ -4290,15 +4290,15 @@ PSA	116	19	hv6v	figs-personification		0	in your midst, Jerusalem	The writer spea
 PSA	117	intro	kfu1			0		# Psalm 117 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
 PSA	117	1	wmd2	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	117	2	ce43			0	For his	Alternate translation: “Because his”
-PSA	117	2	t4z5	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness is great toward us	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	117	2	t4z5	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness is great toward us	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	117	2	uht9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever	The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh remains trustworthy forever” or “Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	118	intro	z9au			0		# Psalm 118 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rejected stone<br>The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah’s rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
 PSA	118	1	g414	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	118	1	af6g			0	Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good	Alternate translation: “Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does”
-PSA	118	1	qcw2	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	118	1	qcw2	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	118	2	zs4m	figs-metonymy		0	Let Israel say	The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Israel say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	118	3	cy9b	figs-metonymy		0	Let the house of Aaron say	Here the word “house” represents the family and descendants of a person. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “Let the descendants of Aaron say” or “Let the priests say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	118	3	iu6a	figs-abstractnouns		0	His covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “He remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	118	3	iu6a	figs-abstractnouns		0	His covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “He remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	118	4	e43s			0	the loyal followers of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “those who fear Yahweh” or “those who worship Yahweh”
 PSA	118	5	j39j	figs-metaphor		0	set me free	The writer speaks of Yahweh saving him from distress as if Yahweh had taken him from a place of confinement to a wide open space where he could move about freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	118	6	eux4	figs-rquestion		0	what can man do to me?	The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is nothing that man can do to hurt him since Yahweh is with him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “people cannot do anything to harm me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -4335,7 +4335,7 @@ PSA	118	27	r4wh			0	bind the sacrifice with cords	Alternate translation: “tie
 PSA	118	28	rb4j			0	You are my God	Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly.
 PSA	118	29	b2wp	figs-exclamations		0	Oh	This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 PSA	118	29	vx5j			0	give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good	“thank Yahweh because of the good things he does.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1](../118/001.md).
-PSA	118	29	k1qj	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	118	29	k1qj	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	intro	yf89			0		# Psalm 119 General Notes<br>## Formatting in this chapter<br><br>This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet.<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Law<br>The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
 PSA	119	1	ipj6	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	119	1	r86i			0	Blessed are those	Alternate translation: “How good it is for those”
@@ -4451,8 +4451,8 @@ PSA	119	72	l1f9			0	than thousands of pieces of gold and silver	This can be stat
 PSA	119	73	hf5d	figs-metaphor		0	Your hands have made and fashioned me	God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	119	73	wc9b	figs-metonymy		0	Your hands	Here “hands” represents God’s power or action. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	119	74	u7a8			0	because I find hope in your word	Alternate translation: “because I trust what you say” or “I confidently believe what you say”
-PSA	119	75	zx24	figs-abstractnouns		0	in faithfulness you afflicted me	God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you punished me because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	119	76	zzf3	figs-abstractnouns		0	Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	119	75	zx24	figs-abstractnouns		0	in faithfulness you afflicted me	God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you punished me because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	119	76	zzf3	figs-abstractnouns		0	Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	76	k57e	figs-123person		0	your servant	The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “me, your servant” or “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 PSA	119	78	j2en	figs-activepassive		0	Let the proud be put to shame	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Put the proud to shame” or “Cause those who are proud to be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	119	78	l2cs	figs-nominaladj		0	the proud	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “proud people” or “those who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@@ -4549,7 +4549,7 @@ PSA	119	145	fux2	figs-synecdoche		0	with my whole heart	The psalmist speaks of h
 PSA	119	146	g5gk			0	covenant decrees	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.”See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md).
 PSA	119	147	kg9u			0	dawn of the morning	Alternate translation: “before the sun first appears”
 PSA	119	148	c1n8	figs-idiom		0	My eyes are open before the night watches change	This is an idiom. In Hebrew culture, the night was usually divided into three “watches” or periods. Alternate translation: “I am awake all night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA	119	149	uw93	figs-abstractnouns		0	in your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	119	149	uw93	figs-abstractnouns		0	in your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	150	r7sh			0	they are far from your law	Alternate translation: “they have strayed from your law” or “they do not pay any attention to your laws”
 PSA	119	151	l238			0	all your commandments are trustworthy	Alternate translation: “I can trust your commandments”
 PSA	119	152	tc7x			0	covenant decrees	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md)
@@ -4566,7 +4566,7 @@ PSA	119	157	n1r7			0	covenant decrees	Other possible meanings are “testimonies
 PSA	119	158	keb9	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	The adjective “treacherous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who betray me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	119	158	fs8u			0	do not keep	Alternate translation: “do not obey”
 PSA	119	159	rv26			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look at me so you can see”
-PSA	119	159	r1n2	figs-abstractnouns		0	by your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	119	159	r1n2	figs-abstractnouns		0	by your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	160	iir8			0	The essence of your word is truth	Alternate translation: “Your word is completely true” or “Your word can be trusted”
 PSA	119	161	tq5i	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart stands in awe of your word	The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am amazed at your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	119	162	n1dy			0	plunder	This could mean: (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.”
@@ -4632,7 +4632,7 @@ PSA	122	7	d4tc	figs-synecdoche		0	within the walls that defend you … within yo
 PSA	122	8	hz78	figs-apostrophe		0	General Information:	In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	122	8	i3zr			0	For the sake	Alternate translation: “For the well-being”
 PSA	122	8	b3mx			0	May there be peace within you	Alternate translation: “May the people in you live in peace”
-PSA	122	9	nt39			0	I will seek good for you	The abstract noun “good” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “I will pray that people treat you well”
+PSA	122	9	nt39			0	I will seek good for you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **good**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will pray that people treat you well”
 PSA	123	intro	vet5			0		# Psalm 123 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
 PSA	123	1	iym8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	123	1	ja7b	figs-metonymy		0	I lift up my eyes	Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. Alternate translation: “I look to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -4641,8 +4641,8 @@ PSA	123	2	kyd5	figs-parallelism		0	as the eyes of servants … as the eyes of a
 PSA	123	2	xe43	figs-metonymy		0	master’s hand … mistress’s hand	Here “hand” refers to the provision for needs. Alternate translation: “master’s provision … mistress’s provision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	123	2	av8s			0	maid	servant girl
 PSA	123	2	cs6v			0	mistress	woman who has authority over servant girls
-PSA	123	2	kj4j	figs-abstractnouns		0	has mercy on us	The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	123	3	e5sh	figs-abstractnouns		0	Have mercy on us	The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 123:2](../123/002.md). Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	123	2	kj4j	figs-abstractnouns		0	has mercy on us	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mercy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	123	3	e5sh	figs-abstractnouns		0	Have mercy on us	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mercy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 123:2](../123/002.md). Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	123	3	rn1x	figs-metaphor		0	we are filled with humiliation	Here humiliation is spoken of as if it were something that could be fill up a person. “we are very disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	123	4	h3h7	figs-idiom		0	We are more than full	This idiom means that the amount is excessive, in a negative sense. Alternate translation: “We have had too much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	123	4	fq81	figs-parallelism		0	of the scoffing … and with the contempt	There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -4808,13 +4808,13 @@ PSA	135	21	l26a	figs-metonymy		0	he who lives in Jerusalem	God is spoken of as i
 PSA	136	intro	wah2			0		# Psalm 136 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel blessed<br>God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
 PSA	136	1	my49	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	136	1	ra72	figs-exclamations		0	Oh	This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
-PSA	136	1	f89e	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	136	1	f89e	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	136	2	f8xr	figs-idiom		0	the God of gods	the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	136	5	f8eu			0	by wisdom	That is, because he is wise.
 PSA	136	6	x27a			0	spread out the earth above the waters	The ancient Israelites thought that the earth’s dry land was on top of the sea. Alternate translation: “placed the earth over the waters”
 PSA	136	7	wi2k			0	great lights	This is a reference to the sources of light for the earth, especially the sun and the moon. Alternate translation: “the sun and the moon and the stars”
 PSA	136	8	f4vg	figs-metaphor		0	to rule by day	The sun is spoken of as if it were a king. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-PSA	136	8	h1q9	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his covenant faithfulness endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](../136/001.md). Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	136	8	h1q9	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his covenant faithfulness endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](../136/001.md). Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	136	9	m4de	figs-metaphor		0	to rule by night	The moon, and stars are spoken of as if they were kings. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	136	11	v395			0	from among them	Alternate translation: “from among the people of Egypt”
 PSA	136	12	eaa4	figs-metaphor		0	with a strong hand and a raised arm	Here “hand” and “arm” represent power. Alternate translation: “with great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -4852,7 +4852,7 @@ PSA	138	1	hm3q	figs-metonymy		0	I will give you thanks with my whole heart	The h
 PSA	138	1	eq6r			0	before the gods	This could mean: (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.”
 PSA	138	2	bda1	translate-symaction		0	I will bow down	Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. Alternate translation: “I will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 PSA	138	2	p2fj	figs-metonymy		0	give thanks to your name	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	138	2	t3ms	figs-abstractnouns		0	for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	138	2	t3ms	figs-abstractnouns		0	for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	138	2	wkx6			0	your word	Alternate translation: “what you have said” or “your commands and promises”
 PSA	138	2	m6ju	figs-metonymy		0	your name	This could mean: (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	138	4	zpz8	figs-synecdoche		0	your mouth	This expression stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -4862,7 +4862,7 @@ PSA	138	7	se2w			0	walk	live, exist
 PSA	138	7	wu4n	figs-metaphor		0	in the middle of danger	Being in danger is spoken of as being in a physical place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	138	7	ez6k	figs-metaphor		0	you will reach out with your hand against the anger of my enemies	God is spoken of as if he will strike the enemies with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	138	7	uh62	figs-abstractnouns		0	anger of my enemies	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “my enemies, who are angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	138	8	uma6	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	138	8	uma6	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	138	8	hc8j			0	the ones whom your hands have made	This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel.
 PSA	138	8	m81b	figs-metaphor		0	your hands have made	God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. Alternate translation: “you have created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	139	intro	spl6			0		# Psalm 139 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s care<br>God created the psalmist in his mother’s womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him.
@@ -4994,7 +4994,7 @@ PSA	143	7	r837	figs-personification		0	my spirit faints	Here the “spirit” re
 PSA	143	7	h5nt			0	Do not hide your face from me	This is a request. “I beg you not to hide from me” or “Please, do not hide from me”
 PSA	143	7	t1s2	figs-metaphor		0	Do not hide your face from me	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen to me” or “Please listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 PSA	143	7	yh17	figs-euphemism		0	I will become like those who go down into the pit	Here the word “pit” refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “I will become just another dead person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-PSA	143	8	cbz8	figs-abstractnouns		0	Let me hear your covenant faithfulness	“Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	143	8	cbz8	figs-abstractnouns		0	Let me hear your covenant faithfulness	“Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	143	8	z9rb			0	in the morning	This could mean: (1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or (2) “morning by morning,” every day.
 PSA	143	8	aut8			0	Show me	Alternate translation: “Tell me”
 PSA	143	8	e86d	figs-metaphor		0	the way where I should walk	The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “how you want me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -5005,7 +5005,7 @@ PSA	143	10	u2i6	figs-metaphor		0	lead me in the land of uprightness	This could m
 PSA	143	10	kpf6	figs-metaphor		0	the land of uprightness	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or (2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	143	11	drk5	figs-metonymy		0	for your name’s sake	Yahweh’s name represents his reputation and character. Alternate translation: “because of who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	143	12	d1cl			0	the enemies of my life	Alternate translation: “the enemies who want to take my life”
-PSA	143	12	wp4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies	“Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	143	12	wp4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies	“Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	143	12	wl46	figs-metonymy		0	the enemies of my life	“the enemies of my soul.” My “life” may be understood as representing the speaker. Alternate translation: “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	144	intro	j9c6			0		# Psalm 144 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Safety<br>Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.
 PSA	144	1	kh8j	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -5051,7 +5051,7 @@ PSA	145	1	p5ni	figs-metonymy		0	bless your name	The word “name” is a metonym
 PSA	145	2	q3yg	figs-metonymy		0	praise your name	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise you” or “tell people how great you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	145	4	b492			0	your mighty actions	Alternate translation: “the things you can do because you are strong”
 PSA	145	7	ri73			0	declare your abounding goodness	Alternate translation: “tell others how very good you are”
-PSA	145	8	jqk7	figs-metaphor		0	abounding in covenant faithfulness	The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “completely faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	145	8	jqk7	figs-metaphor		0	abounding in covenant faithfulness	The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “completely faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	145	9	k61r			0	his tender mercies are over all his works	Alternate translation: “people can see him showing mercy in everything he does”
 PSA	145	10	v1rj			0	All you have made will give thanks	Alternate translation: “All the people you have made will give thanks” or “It will be as if everything you have made will give you thanks”
 PSA	145	13	yys6			0	endures throughout all generations	Alternate translation: “remains forever”
@@ -5062,7 +5062,7 @@ PSA	145	16	b2bx			0	satisfy the desire of every living thing	Alternate translati
 PSA	145	17	h9wa			0	Yahweh is righteous in all his ways	Alternate translation: “People can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is righteous”
 PSA	145	17	h24t			0	faithful in all he does	Alternate translation: “and he is gracious in all he does” or “people can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is gracious”
 PSA	145	18	kq17	figs-metaphor		0	is near to all those who call to him	Here “is near” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “is always ready to help all those who call to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	145	18	v98h	figs-abstractnouns		0	to all who call to him in trustworthiness	The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “to all who tell only the truth when they pray” or “to all whom he trusts when they pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	145	18	v98h	figs-abstractnouns		0	to all who call to him in trustworthiness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trustworthiness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to all who tell only the truth when they pray” or “to all whom he trusts when they pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	145	21	asw2	figs-synecdoche		0	My mouth will speak	Here the words “My mouth” represent the one speaking. Alternate translation: “I will speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	145	21	t2tr			0	will speak out the praise of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “tell everyone how good Yahweh is”
 PSA	145	21	nc4f	figs-metonymy		0	let all mankind bless his holy name	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). Alternate translation: “let all people bless him” or “let all people do what makes him happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_20-PRO.tsv

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ PRO	1	2	iaq1	figs-abstractnouns		0	to teach wisdom and instruction	This can be r
 PRO	1	2	rs3p			0	to teach words of insight	Alternate translation: “to help you understand wise teachings”
 PRO	1	3	ew1z	figs-you		0	that you may receive	Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 PRO	1	3	aun5	figs-abstractnouns		0	may receive instruction in order to live	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	1	4	be4c	figs-abstractnouns		0	are also to give wisdom to the naive	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+PRO	1	4	be4c	figs-abstractnouns		0	are also to give wisdom to the naive	This can be reworded so that If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	1	4	j62d			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
 PRO	1	4	p2ca	figs-abstractnouns		0	to give knowledge and discretion to young people	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	1	4	wxv5			0	discretion	knowing what should be done in a particular situation
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ PRO	13	15	up13	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	This nominal adjective can be
 PRO	13	16	g6vs	figs-metaphor		0	a fool parades his folly	To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	13	17	h4gr			0	falls into trouble	Alternate translation: “is unreliable” or “does something evil”
 PRO	13	17	pfh6			0	a faithful envoy	Alternate translation: “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
-PRO	13	18	m4d7	figs-abstractnouns		0	learns from correction	The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	13	18	m4d7	figs-abstractnouns		0	learns from correction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **correction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	13	19	h11i			0	is sweet	Alternate translation: “is a delight” or “brings joy”
 PRO	13	19	fv8k			0	the appetite	the desire or liking for something
 PRO	13	20	k77z			0	will suffer harm	Alternate translation: “will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
@@ -1390,9 +1390,9 @@ PRO	23	6	su9w			0	do not crave	“do not strongly desire.” See how you transla
 PRO	23	6	jtt7			0	his delicacies	“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
 PRO	23	7	lbe8	figs-idiom		0	his heart is not with you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	23	8	aw14	figs-hyperbole		0	You will vomit up the little you have eaten	This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-PRO	23	8	z3l6	figs-metaphor		0	you will have wasted your compliments	Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	23	8	z3l6	figs-metaphor		0	you will have wasted your compliments	Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	23	9	nk6j			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
-PRO	23	9	u4q5	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the hearing of a fool	The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	23	9	u4q5	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the hearing of a fool	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	23	10	iha4			0	ancient	very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
 PRO	23	10	de8r			0	boundary stone	This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
 PRO	23	10	a9cb			0	encroach	This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ PRO	23	12	v2r3			0	instruction	This could mean: (1) “what people who know what
 PRO	23	12	jul6	figs-ellipsis		0	your ears	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PRO	23	12	gn45			0	to words of knowledge	Alternate translation: “to me when I tell you what I know”
 PRO	23	13	c9zs			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
-PRO	23	13	qfa7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Do not withhold instruction from a child	The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	23	13	qfa7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Do not withhold instruction from a child	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	23	13	r8dq			0	withhold	refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
 PRO	23	14	jx2r			0	rod	piece of wood
 PRO	23	14	e27r			0	It is you who must beat him … and save his soul	“You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
@@ -1461,13 +1461,13 @@ PRO	24	2	m8px	figs-synecdoche		0	their lips	The words “their lips” refer to
 PRO	24	2	es5l			0	talk about trouble	Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
 PRO	24	3	f9id			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
 PRO	24	3	hiy4	figs-abstractnouns		0	Through wisdom a house is built	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PRO	24	3	q4cp	figs-abstractnouns		0	by understanding it is established	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+PRO	24	3	q4cp	figs-abstractnouns		0	by understanding it is established	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PRO	24	3	mq3v	figs-metonymy		0	it is established	The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO	24	4	ry4y	figs-abstractnouns		0	By knowledge the rooms are filled	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+PRO	24	4	ry4y	figs-abstractnouns		0	By knowledge the rooms are filled	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PRO	24	5	gah6			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
-PRO	24	5	gya2	figs-abstractnouns		0	warrior of wisdom	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	24	5	gya2	figs-abstractnouns		0	warrior of wisdom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	24	5	my2f	figs-abstractnouns		0	a man of knowledge increases his strength	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	24	6	i9sa	figs-abstractnouns		0	by wise direction	The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	24	6	i9sa	figs-abstractnouns		0	by wise direction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	24	6	e43z			0	wage your war	Alternate translation: “fight your war”
 PRO	24	6	nll1			0	advisors	those who tell government officials what those officials should do
 PRO	24	7	ten9			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
@@ -1481,7 +1481,7 @@ PRO	24	11	t92q			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayi
 PRO	24	11	xc8k	figs-activepassive		0	those who are being taken away	These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	24	11	n8k2			0	taken away	Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
 PRO	24	11	ru95			0	staggering	walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
-PRO	24	11	kl46	figs-abstractnouns		0	the slaughter	The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PRO	24	11	kl46	figs-abstractnouns		0	the slaughter	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	24	12	k5el			0	If you say, “Behold,…this,” does	The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold,…this,’ but does”
 PRO	24	12	akd7			0	Behold, we	Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
 PRO	24	12	yi61	figs-rquestion		0	does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying?	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ PRO	27	4	srl1	figs-metaphor		0	the flood of anger	“the destructiveness of ange
 PRO	27	4	nh38	figs-rquestion		0	but who is able to stand before jealousy?	This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PRO	27	4	inj9	figs-metaphor		0	to stand before jealousy	Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	27	5	yva8	figs-abstractnouns		0	Better is an open rebuke	The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	27	5	pz3x	figs-abstractnouns		0	than hidden love	“than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	27	5	pz3x	figs-abstractnouns		0	than hidden love	“than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	27	6	d5v5	figs-metaphor		0	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	27	6	uw1k	figs-metonymy		0	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	27	6	wzd4	figs-explicit		0	but an enemy may kiss you profusely	It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ PRO	27	26	j2vp	figs-explicit		0	the goats will provide the price of the field	Th
 PRO	27	27	q28m	figs-explicit		0	nourishment for your servant girls	The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PRO	27	27	xjw4			0	nourishment	Alternate translation: “food”
 PRO	28	intro	g91u			0		# Proverbs 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
-PRO	28	2	b4c7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because of the transgression of a land	The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	2	b4c7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because of the transgression of a land	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	2	qks4	figs-metonymy		0	the transgression of a land	This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	28	2	ivf7	figs-explicit		0	with a man of understanding and knowledge	The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	3	tx2c			0	who oppresses	Alternate translation: “who severely mistreats”
@@ -1758,9 +1758,9 @@ PRO	28	14	ebu1	figs-idiom		0	hardens his heart	This is an idiom that means to be
 PRO	28	14	l7ee	figs-metaphor		0	will fall into trouble	This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	28	15	z8ti	figs-simile		0	Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people	Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PRO	28	15	x5l1	translate-unknown		0	a charging bear	A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-PRO	28	16	et9j	figs-abstractnouns		0	The ruler who lacks understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	16	et9j	figs-abstractnouns		0	The ruler who lacks understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	16	az95			0	oppressor	a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
-PRO	28	16	lv7n	figs-abstractnouns		0	the one who hates dishonesty	The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	16	lv7n	figs-abstractnouns		0	the one who hates dishonesty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dishonesty**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	16	eae9	figs-idiom		0	prolong his days	This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	28	17	rm8g	figs-metonymy		0	he has shed someone’s blood	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	28	17	v592			0	fugitive	a person who is running away to avoid being captured
@@ -1828,8 +1828,8 @@ PRO	29	14	x486	figs-metonymy		0	his throne	The throne is a metonym for the kingd
 PRO	29	15	ybi8	figs-personification		0	The rod and reproof give wisdom	The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PRO	29	15	p19z	figs-metonymy		0	The rod	Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	29	15	m43w			0	reproof	When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
-PRO	29	16	th5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	transgression increases	The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	29	16	ha78	figs-abstractnouns		0	the downfall of those wicked people	The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PRO	29	16	th5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	transgression increases	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	29	16	ha78	figs-abstractnouns		0	the downfall of those wicked people	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	29	18	s41b	figs-activepassive		0	the one who keeps the law is blessed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	29	19	kl1y	figs-activepassive		0	A slave will not be corrected by words	This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	29	20	qfr9	figs-rquestion		0	See a man who is hasty in his words?	The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1853,8 +1853,8 @@ PRO	30	1	v8qt			0	Agur son of Jakeh	This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a gran
 PRO	30	1	ic3d			0	the utterance	Alternate translation: “the message”
 PRO	30	1	y7qf			0	to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal	Alternate translation: “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
 PRO	30	2	n4d9			0	Surely	Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
-PRO	30	2	ij38	figs-abstractnouns		0	I do not have the understanding of a human being	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	30	3	ln5f	figs-abstractnouns		0	nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	30	2	ij38	figs-abstractnouns		0	I do not have the understanding of a human being	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	30	3	ln5f	figs-abstractnouns		0	nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	30	4	kw1a	figs-rquestion		0	Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth?	The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PRO	30	4	eb1b			0	heaven	where God lives
 PRO	30	4	bz7z	figs-metaphor		0	gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands	The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

en_tn_23-ISA.tsv

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ ISA	1	15	l6q5	figs-metonymy		0	your hands are full of blood	This is the reason t
 ISA	1	16	tc5d	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 ISA	1	16	kug1	figs-metaphor		0	Wash, cleanse yourselves	Here God compares a person who stops sinning with one who washes his body. Alternate translation: “Repent and wash the sin from your heart like you wash the dirt from your body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	1	16	i5wc	figs-metaphor		0	remove the evil of your deeds from my sight	God was not telling them to do their evil deeds somewhere else, but to stop doing them. Alternate translation: “stop doing the evil deeds that I see you doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ISA	1	17	h8bt	figs-metaphor		0	make straight the oppression	God speaks of people who oppress others as if they had made crooked something that should be straight, and he calls on them to make that object straight again. The abstract noun “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “make sure that those helpless people you have harmed no longer suffer from the bad things you have done to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	1	17	h8bt	figs-metaphor		0	make straight the oppression	God speaks of people who oppress others as if they had made crooked something that should be straight, and he calls on them to make that object straight again. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **oppression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “make sure that those helpless people you have harmed no longer suffer from the bad things you have done to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	1	17	btn7			0	give justice to the fatherless	Alternate translation: “be fair to the children who do not have fathers”
 ISA	1	17	q1c7			0	defend the widow	Alternate translation: “protect the women whose husbands have died”
 ISA	1	18	nj1x			0	Come now, and let	Yahweh graciously and lovingly invites the people to listen to what he is about to say. “Please listen to me. Let” or “Pay attention; I want to help you. Let”
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ ISA	10	24	ww5n	figs-personification		0	the Assyrian	Isaiah speaks of the king of
 ISA	10	24	i2ep	figs-metaphor		0	He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you	The words “rod” and “staff” refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to beat animals and other people. Isaiah speaks of the way the Assyrians will rule over the Israelites as if the Assyrians were beating the Israelites with clubs. Alternate translation: “He will rule over you and make slaves of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	10	24	an2d	figs-synecdoche		0	He will strike	The word “He” refers to “the Assyrian” which represents the king of Assyria and his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army will strike” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ISA	10	24	l3xf	figs-explicit		0	as the Egyptians did	The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “as the Egyptians ruled over your ancestors and made them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ISA	10	25	w374	figs-abstractnouns		0	my anger will lead to his destruction	The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will destroy him because I am angry with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	10	25	w374	figs-abstractnouns		0	my anger will lead to his destruction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy him because I am angry with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	10	26	h791			0	Yahweh of hosts	See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
 ISA	10	26	fnc8	figs-metaphor		0	will wield a whip against them	“will beat the Assyrians with a whip.” God will not really use a whip. This refers to God’s power to punish the Assyrians severely. Alternate translation: “will punish the Assyrians severely as if with a whip” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	10	26	zpq7	translate-names		0	as when he defeated Midian at the rock of Oreb	This refers to when God helped a man named Gideon defeat the army of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -2932,7 +2932,7 @@ ISA	54	12	v6lh			0	I will make … beautiful stones	Yahweh describes in ideal te
 ISA	54	12	d32a	translate-unknown		0	rubies	These precious gemstones are red to pink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 ISA	54	13	zt6p	figs-activepassive		0	Then all your children will be taught by Yahweh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will teach all your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	54	13	e6ul	figs-123person		0	by Yahweh	Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “by me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-ISA	54	14	e2ru	figs-abstractnouns		0	In righteousness you will be established	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ISA	54	14	e2ru	figs-abstractnouns		0	In righteousness you will be established	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	54	14	rk6l			0	it will not come near to you	No one in the city or outsiders will ever terrify the inhabitants of Jerusalem again.
 ISA	54	15	h4z4			0	General Information:	Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
 ISA	54	15	hxz5	figs-idiom		0	stirs up trouble	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “causes trouble” or “troubles you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

en_tn_24-JER.tsv

@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ JER	5	6	qkm7			0	thicket	a set of bushes that grew closely together.
 JER	5	6	a7xd			0	wolf	a large wild dangerous dog
 JER	5	6	nb63			0	lurking	watching for an opportunity to attack
 JER	5	6	jm2c			0	panther	a large wild dangerous cat
-JER	5	6	eb17	figs-abstractnouns		0	For their transgressions increase	The abstract noun “transgressions” can be translated with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	5	6	eb17	figs-abstractnouns		0	For their transgressions increase	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgressions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	5	6	bl92	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited	The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	5	7	tgq4	figs-rquestion		0	Why should I pardon these people?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	5	7	i1na			0	these people	the people of Jerusalem
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ JER	7	4	e2w3	figs-rpronouns		0	Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and sa
 JER	7	4	ru5l	figs-explicit		0	Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh!	It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JER	7	5	yex8			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
 JER	7	5	b71h			0	make your ways and practices good	“improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
-JER	7	5	s949	figs-abstractnouns		0	completely execute justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	7	5	s949	figs-abstractnouns		0	completely execute justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	7	6	f96n			0	do not exploit the one	Alternate translation: “treat fairly the foreigner”
 JER	7	6	klb1			0	orphan	child whose parents have died
 JER	7	6	ivv5	figs-metonymy		0	pour out innocent blood	Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ JER	7	18	sq9a			0	will provoke me	Alternate translation: “will anger me”
 JER	7	19	ia89			0	General Information:	In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
 JER	7	19	t7ze			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
 JER	7	19	ta4u	figs-rquestion		0	is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them?	This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
-JER	7	19	jj5b	figs-abstractnouns		0	shame is on them	The abstract noun “shame” can be translated using the verb “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	7	19	jj5b	figs-abstractnouns		0	shame is on them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	7	20	ccj2			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
 JER	7	20	ta7u	figs-idiom		0	my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JER	7	20	xv82	figs-doublet		0	anger and wrath	These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ JER	7	27	m2j2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his mes
 JER	7	27	nc7q	figs-parallelism		0	So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you.	These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JER	7	28	y4p4	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of Yahweh its God	Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	7	28	di1t	figs-activepassive		0	Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths	Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JER	7	28	zj54	figs-abstractnouns		0	Truth is destroyed	The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	7	28	zj54	figs-abstractnouns		0	Truth is destroyed	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	7	29	d5yd			0	General Information:	The word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
 JER	7	29	y4ae			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
 JER	7	29	rrp6	translate-symaction		0	Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair	This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ JER	7	33	tf93			0	to frighten them away	Alternate translation: “to scare them
 JER	7	34	cm8g			0	I will put an end to	Alternate translation: “I will remove from”
 JER	7	34	w3gl	figs-doublet		0	the sound of joy and the sound of gladness	These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	7	34	mbc1	figs-metonymy		0	the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JER	7	34	t5xh	figs-abstractnouns		0	will become a desolation	The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated using the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	7	34	t5xh	figs-abstractnouns		0	will become a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	8	intro	b29a			0		# Jeremiah 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hyperbole<br>The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 JER	8	1	w8bg			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
 JER	8	1	x5ig			0	they will bring	This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ JER	8	6	y22u			0	General Information:	The words “they” and “them” in the
 JER	8	6	v92n			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
 JER	8	6	w5p2	figs-doublet		0	paid attention and listened	These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 JER	8	6	sg8t			0	did not speak right	Alternate translation: “did not say what is right”
-JER	8	6	i9mx	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his wickedness	The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated using the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	8	6	i9mx	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his wickedness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	8	6	yw8x	figs-explicit		0	What have I done?	The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	8	6	g12y			0	go where they wish	Alternate translation: “go their own way”
 JER	8	6	r6ux	figs-simile		0	like a stallion rushing toward battle	The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ JER	8	6	j57y			0	stallion	adult male horse
 JER	8	7	j78m	figs-explicit		0	Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes	The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JER	8	7	lsk2	translate-unknown		0	stork … doves, swifts, and cranes	All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 JER	8	7	i7xx	figs-explicit		0	They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh’s decrees	The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JER	8	7	g1he	figs-abstractnouns		0	They go on their migrations	The abstract noun “migrations” can be translated using the verb “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	8	7	g1he	figs-abstractnouns		0	They go on their migrations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **migrations**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	8	8	qa8a			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
 JER	8	8	n65d	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us”?	Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	8	8	g95l			0	How can you say	The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
@@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ JER	21	10	sef1	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of the king	Here “hand” repres
 JER	21	11	u3ev			0	Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh	This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
 JER	21	11	l7p3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	21	12	nl9b	figs-metonymy		0	House of David	This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JER	21	12	s22h	figs-abstractnouns		0	Bring about justice in the morning	The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	21	12	s22h	figs-abstractnouns		0	Bring about justice in the morning	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	21	12	l5bg	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the oppressor	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	21	12	bpj8	figs-metaphor		0	my fury will go out like fire and burn	Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	21	12	ph8p	figs-metaphor		0	there is no one who can quench it	Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@ JER	23	6	ls7f	figs-metonymy		0	Judah will be rescued	Here “Judah” refers to
 JER	23	6	cl3x	figs-activepassive		0	Judah will be rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JER	23	6	y7s1	figs-metonymy		0	Israel will live in security	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	23	6	b9n9			0	he will be called	this refers to the king
-JER	23	6	tg6a	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh is our righteousness	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	23	6	tg6a	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh is our righteousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	23	7	kss4			0	General Information:	This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
 JER	23	7	t4jx			0	see	The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
 JER	23	7	xb5a	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ JER	27	12	s392			0	Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon	Being
 JER	27	12	gls2	figs-you		0	Place your necks	The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 JER	27	13	dl31	figs-rquestion		0	Why will you die … king of Babylon?	Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	27	14	dre5			0	Do not listen to the words	Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
-JER	27	15	xb8h	figs-metonymy		0	they are prophesying deceit in my name	The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun “deceit” can be translated as the verb “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	27	15	xb8h	figs-metonymy		0	they are prophesying deceit in my name	The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deceit**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	27	15	qnt1			0	I will drive you out	Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country”
 JER	27	16	cbz7	figs-activepassive		0	The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now!	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	27	17	sk8y	figs-rquestion		0	Why should this city become a ruin?	Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -2022,7 +2022,7 @@ JER	30	19	z7qu	figs-activepassive		0	so they will not be humbled	This can be tra
 JER	30	20	tnn9	figs-activepassive		0	their assembly will be established before me	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	30	21	nyu6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JER	30	23	u8p2	figs-metaphor		0	See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out	This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JER	30	24	wc7x	figs-abstractnouns		0	his heart’s intentions	The abstract noun “intentions” can be translated using the verb “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JER	30	24	wc7x	figs-abstractnouns		0	his heart’s intentions	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JER	31	intro	r3ad			0		# Jeremiah 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37.<br><br>The ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.<br><br>This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The new covenant<br><br>This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
 JER	31	1	p3h6	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JER	31	2	ht7e	figs-idiom		0	The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -2050,7 +2050,7 @@ JER	31	12	s2y2	figs-simile		0	like a watered garden	This means they will be stro
 JER	31	12	d4iw	figs-hyperbole		0	they will never again feel any more sorrow	The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 JER	31	13	f4jc			0	I will change their mourning into celebration	The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
 JER	31	13	z18g			0	I will change	Alternate translation: “Yahweh will change”
-JER	31	14	v9rm	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance	The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JER	31	14	v9rm	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	31	14	yp3m	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JER	31	15	gfw6	figs-activepassive		0	A voice is heard in Ramah	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	31	15	qr6k	figs-metonymy		0	It is Rachel weeping for her children	Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ JER	32	30	e1kb	figs-metaphor		0	since their youth	A person being young is a meta
 JER	32	30	qwp4	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JER	32	31	fxx2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
 JER	32	31	u2mt	figs-metonymy		0	this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it	Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-JER	32	31	bcj1	figs-abstractnouns		0	has been a provocation of	The abstract noun “provocation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	32	31	bcj1	figs-abstractnouns		0	has been a provocation of	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **provocation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	32	31	v1l3			0	It has been that right up to this present day	Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now”
 JER	32	31	hn3i	figs-personification		0	from before my face	The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	32	33	tx7l	translate-symaction		0	They turned their backs to me instead of their faces	One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@@ -2439,7 +2439,7 @@ JER	36	30	jp3b			0	into the heat of day	Alternate translation: “so that it is
 JER	36	30	ws5c			0	frost	ice that forms on grass during cold nights
 JER	36	31	bvh4			0	of you all	Alternate translation: “of all of you”
 JER	36	32	k5z6	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah took … Jeremiah’s dictation	Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-JER	36	32	k1wh	figs-abstractnouns		0	Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation	The abstract noun “dictation” can be translated as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	36	32	k1wh	figs-abstractnouns		0	Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dictation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	36	32	b4kt			0	burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah	Alternate translation: “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
 JER	36	32	mev6	figs-activepassive		0	Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	37	intro	du3z			0		# Jeremiah 37 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic situation<br><br>Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
@@ -2537,7 +2537,7 @@ JER	38	23	dti7	figs-activepassive		0	For all of your wives and children will be
 JER	38	23	k3p7	figs-metonymy		0	will not escape from their hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	38	23	x21i	figs-metonymy		0	You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	38	26	l1fb			0	Jonathan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
-JER	38	27	e9tl	figs-abstractnouns		0	the conversation between Jeremiah and the king	The abstract noun “conversation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	38	27	e9tl	figs-abstractnouns		0	the conversation between Jeremiah and the king	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conversation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	38	28	kaj5			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
 JER	38	28	l5rj	figs-activepassive		0	until the day Jerusalem was captured	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	39	intro	i9ad			0		# Jeremiah 39 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
@@ -3194,7 +3194,7 @@ JER	50	2	zzg6	figs-parallelism		0	Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its i
 JER	50	2	x394	translate-names		0	Bel … Marduk	These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JER	50	3	g6ih			0	arise against it … live in it	Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases.
 JER	50	3	daw4			0	her land	The word “her” refers to Babylon.
-JER	50	3	sf89	figs-abstractnouns		0	make her land a desolation	The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	50	3	sf89	figs-abstractnouns		0	make her land a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	50	4	xb8i	figs-doublet		0	In those days and at that time	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 JER	50	4	f3j1	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JER	50	4	sdx6	figs-metaphor		0	seek Yahweh their God	Seeking **Yahweh their God** represents either: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -3206,7 +3206,7 @@ JER	50	6	a67k	figs-metaphor		0	Their shepherds	The leaders of Israel are spoken
 JER	50	6	zpk8			0	turned them around from hill to hill	Alternate translation: “lead them around to many different places”
 JER	50	7	h59f	figs-metaphor		0	devoured them	Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JER	50	7	u3dr			0	they sinned	The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
-JER	50	7	id3n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors	Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun “hope” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	50	7	id3n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors	Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	50	8	en1b			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon.
 JER	50	8	ey2s			0	Leave from the midst of Babylon	This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
 JER	50	8	y6hx	figs-simile		0	be like male goats that leave	Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -3288,7 +3288,7 @@ JER	50	27	jtx6			0	them … their	The word “them” and “their” refer to t
 JER	50	27	h2tx	figs-doublet		0	their day has come—the time for their punishment	The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 JER	50	28	tx67			0	There is the sound of those fleeing	Alternate translation: “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
 JER	50	28	i7g2			0	those … those … These	The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
-JER	50	28	e143	figs-abstractnouns		0	the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple	The abstract noun “vengeance” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	50	28	e143	figs-abstractnouns		0	the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	50	29	uhm2	figs-doublet		0	the archers … those who bend their bows	These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 JER	50	29	riq5			0	her … her … she	The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
 JER	50	29	gm1z			0	let no one escape	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
@@ -3371,7 +3371,7 @@ JER	51	2	w4jj	figs-idiom		0	on the day of disaster	The phrase “day of” is a
 JER	51	3	yl8g			0	Do not let … do not let	Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle.
 JER	51	4	u6a8	figs-activepassive		0	those who are killed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	51	5	u9ey	figs-metonymy		0	Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts	The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JER	51	5	t4nl	figs-metaphor		0	their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel	The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun “offenses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	51	5	t4nl	figs-metaphor		0	their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel	The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **offenses**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	51	6	ht2y	figs-metaphor		0	in her iniquity	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	51	6	dia4	figs-metaphor		0	will repay all of it to her	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	51	7	tj8i	figs-metaphor		0	Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk	The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. This could mean: (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_25-LAM.tsv

@@ -247,14 +247,14 @@ LAM	3	20	mz9u			0	my soul is bowed down within me	Alternate translation: “I am
 LAM	3	21	t4a6			0	But I call this to mind	This means to intentionally think about something. The word “this” refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. Alternate translation: “But I choose to think about this” or “But I remember this”
 LAM	3	21	a2fk			0	I have hope	Alternate translation: “I hope”
 LAM	3	22	hf5a	figs-abstractnouns		0	The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases	The abstract noun “steadfast love” can be expressed with the phrase “love faithfully.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-LAM	3	22	rs8g	figs-abstractnouns		0	his compassions never end	The abstract noun “compassions” can be translated with the verb “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+LAM	3	22	rs8g	figs-abstractnouns		0	his compassions never end	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LAM	3	23	z4xg	figs-metaphor		0	they are new every morning	The word “they” refers to God’s steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. Alternate translation: “every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LAM	3	23	dp91			0	your faithfulness	The word “your” refers to Yahweh.
 LAM	3	24	v6sh	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my inheritance	When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LAM	3	25	e8de			0	Yahweh is good to those who wait for him	Here “good” refers to kindness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him” or “Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him”
 LAM	3	25	ju1d			0	those who wait for him	This could mean: (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.”
 LAM	3	25	a3kw	figs-metaphor		0	the one who seeks him	Here, **seeks him** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-LAM	3	27	xea4	figs-metaphor		0	that he bear the yoke in his youth	Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. The abstract noun “his youth” can be expressed with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+LAM	3	27	xea4	figs-metaphor		0	that he bear the yoke in his youth	Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **his youth**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LAM	3	28	deh5			0	Let him sit alone in silence	The phrase “in silence” refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: “Let him sit alone without speaking” or “Let him sit alone and not complain”
 LAM	3	28	wc7p	figs-metaphor		0	when it is laid upon him	“when the yoke is laid upon him.” Here the yoke represents suffering. Alternate translation: “when he suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LAM	3	30	t75y			0	General Information:	The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](../03/25.md)).

en_tn_26-EZK.tsv

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ EZK	1	4	gn1u			0	the color of amber	Alternate translation: “bright yellow like
 EZK	1	4	s1hw			0	amber	a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry
 EZK	1	5	wc4k			0	In the middle	Alternate translation: “Inside the storm”
 EZK	1	5	h7q9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of four living creatures	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like four living creatures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	1	5	k13b	figs-abstractnouns		0	This was their appearance	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	1	5	nji4	figs-abstractnouns		0	They had the likeness of a man	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	5	k13b	figs-abstractnouns		0	This was their appearance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	5	nji4	figs-abstractnouns		0	They had the likeness of a man	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	6	vqp7			0	but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings	“but each of them had four different faces and four wings.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head.
 EZK	1	7	lgs2			0	Connecting Statement:	Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
 EZK	1	7	k6hj			0	but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf	Alternate translation: “but their feet looked like calf hooves” or “but their feet looked like the feet of calves”
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ EZK	1	12	e2th			0	Each went straight forward	Alternate translation: “Each crea
 EZK	1	13	ffv8			0	Connecting Statement:	Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
 EZK	1	13	i6wj	figs-abstractnouns		0	As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. Both “likeness” and “appearance” are abstract nouns that can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	13	m6wb			0	there were flashes of lightning	Alternate translation: “lightning came out from the fire.”
-EZK	1	14	jq1y	figs-simile		0	The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning	Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	14	jq1y	figs-simile		0	The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning	Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	15	me27			0	Connecting Statement:	Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision.
 EZK	1	16	kq4i			0	This was the appearance and structure of the wheels	Alternate translation: “This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made”
 EZK	1	16	yue4			0	like beryl	Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. “clear and yellow like a beryl stone” or “clear and yellow like a precious stone”
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ EZK	1	26	v6pz	figs-abstractnouns		0	was the likeness of a throne	Here the abstra
 EZK	1	26	dds3			0	sapphire	a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny
 EZK	1	26	fx3x	figs-abstractnouns		0	on the likeness of the throne was	The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	26	npv7	figs-abstractnouns		0	a likeness like the appearance of a man	The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)). Alternate translation: “something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	1	27	t3wg	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the appearance of his hips up	The person’s body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	1	27	f7ri	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	1	28	ju5f	figs-abstractnouns		0	Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	27	t3wg	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the appearance of his hips up	The person’s body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	27	f7ri	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	28	ju5f	figs-abstractnouns		0	Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	28	qe4p			0	rainbow	the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer
 EZK	1	28	eww3	figs-abstractnouns		0	It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh	The abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. Both “appearance” and “likeness” can be translated as with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	28	x337	figs-idiom		0	I fell on my face	“I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ EZK	7	22	u74s			0	bandits	violent people who steal and destroy
 EZK	7	23	zs1w			0	General Information:	These are Yahweh’s words to Ezekiel about Israel.
 EZK	7	23	y53i			0	Make a chain	Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners.
 EZK	7	23	gu3l	figs-metonymy		0	the land is filled with the judgment of blood	This could mean: (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZK	7	23	u3zi	figs-metaphor		0	the city is full of violence	The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun “violence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	7	23	u3zi	figs-metaphor		0	the city is full of violence	The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	7	24	r3n8			0	they will possess their houses	the wicked will take the Israelites’ houses
 EZK	7	24	a75e			0	I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty	Alternate translation: “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves”
 EZK	7	24	zk6t	figs-activepassive		0	their holy places will be defiled!	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies will defile the places where they worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ EZK	8	1	mzl2			0	Lord Yahweh	See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/
 EZK	8	1	ni1l			0	fell upon	Alternate translation: “took hold of”
 EZK	8	2	c8h3	figs-abstractnouns		0	a likeness with the appearance of a man	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	8	2	lie4			0	glowing metal	When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light.
-EZK	8	2	dw9z	figs-abstractnouns		0	the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	8	2	dw9z	figs-abstractnouns		0	the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	8	3	mje5			0	he reached out	The word “he” probably refers to the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)).
 EZK	8	3	q8np			0	between earth and heaven	Alternate translation: “between the ground and the sky”
 EZK	8	3	h6bp			0	in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem	The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel’s thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things.
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ EZK	9	7	hqw7	figs-metonymy		0	attacked the city	The word “city” is a metonym
 EZK	9	8	pb8i	figs-idiom		0	I fell on my face	“I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 EZK	9	8	wp6i			0	Ah, Lord Yahweh	Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:14](../04/14.md).
 EZK	9	8	tm5e	figs-idiom		0	will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem?	Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. Alternate translation: “please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-EZK	9	8	gw3d	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem	Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people in the city. The abstract noun “outpouring” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem” or “when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	9	8	gw3d	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem	Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people in the city. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **outpouring**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem” or “when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	9	9	b5dk	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	9	9	v24y			0	exceedingly great	Alternate translation: “very great”
 EZK	9	9	xs21	figs-metaphor		0	The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions	Here “land” is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here “blood” is metonym for murder. And “city” is spoken of as if it were a container and “perversions” were the contents inside of it. Alternate translation: “All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -517,9 +517,9 @@ EZK	10	6	ge4b			0	beside a wheel	Translate “wheel” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../0
 EZK	10	8	n4cv			0	I saw on the cherubim something like a man’s hand under their wings	Alternate translation: “I saw that the cherubim had something like a man’s hand under their wings”
 EZK	10	9	cwh7			0	behold	Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw
 EZK	10	9	q9j7			0	wheels	See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
-EZK	10	9	d8v9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	10	9	d8v9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	10	9	nza9	translate-unknown		0	beryl stone	“Beryl” here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-EZK	10	10	i72z	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	10	10	i72z	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	10	10	c1u1			0	a wheel intersecting another wheel	The word “intersecting” means “crossing” or “passing through.”
 EZK	10	11	vgw9			0	they went in any of their four directions	This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
 EZK	10	11	qn2m			0	whatever direction the head faced, they followed	Here, the phrase **the head** could mean: (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went”
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ EZK	25	12	hs3x	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a met
 EZK	25	13	shy7	figs-metaphor		0	I will strike Edom with my hand	Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 25:7](../25/07.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	25	13	u34t	translate-names		0	I will make them … from Teman to Dedan	“I will make all of Edom … from Teman to Dedan.” These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 EZK	25	13	lfw7	figs-metonymy		0	They will fall by the sword	The word “fall” represents being killed and the word “sword” refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZK	25	14	fx1e	figs-metonymy		0	I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel	Here the “hand” of Israel is a metonym for Israel’s army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. The abstract noun “vengeance” can be translated with the verb “to punish.” Alternate translation: “I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EZK	25	14	fx1e	figs-metonymy		0	I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel	Here the “hand” of Israel is a metonym for Israel’s army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to punish.” Alternate translation: “I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	25	14	h1jc			0	they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury	Alternate translation: “they will show Edom my anger and fury” or “they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom”
 EZK	25	14	jl32	figs-doublet		0	my anger and my fury	The word “fury” means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word “anger.” Alternate translation: “my furious anger” or “my extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 EZK	25	14	t72s	figs-123person		0	this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ EZK	26	17	cf7x			0	General Information:	In these verses, “They” refers to th
 EZK	26	17	az5c			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
 EZK	26	17	p6k6			0	lift up	Alternate translation: “sing”
 EZK	26	17	u3mk	figs-activepassive		0	How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-EZK	26	17	ey9i	figs-abstractnouns		0	spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them	The abstract noun “terror” can be translated using the adjective “terrified.” Alternate translation: “caused all the people around them to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	26	17	ey9i	figs-abstractnouns		0	spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “caused all the people around them to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	26	18	qw2y	figs-parallelism		0	Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you are no longer in your place	These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 EZK	26	18	l8fi	figs-metonymy		0	Now the coasts tremble	Here “the coasts” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Now the people of the coastlands tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	26	18	ny49	figs-metonymy		0	The islands in the sea are terrified	Here “the islands in the sea” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “The people of the islands are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1591,15 +1591,15 @@ EZK	26	19	h8v9	figs-nominaladj		0	the deeps	Here “the deeps” means the deep
 EZK	26	20	npm2	figs-personification		0	then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest realms of the earth as in ruins of ancient times	What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 EZK	26	20	k4z8	figs-metonymy		0	the pit	This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	26	20	c3ul	figs-metaphor		0	stand in the land of the living	This represents being restored to the city’s former existence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EZK	26	21	lui3	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will place disaster on you	The abstract noun “disaster” can be translated using the adjective “terrible” or the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will bring you to a terrible end” or “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	26	21	lui3	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will place disaster on you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrible” or the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will bring you to a terrible end” or “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	intro	m11q			0		# Ezekiel 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	27	1	w529	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came	This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 EZK	27	2	x6yp			0	son of man	God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
-EZK	27	2	zc5g	figs-abstractnouns		0	begin a lamentation	The abstract noun “lamentation” can be translated using the verb “lament.” Alternate translation: “begin to lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	2	zc5g	figs-abstractnouns		0	begin a lamentation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “begin to lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	3	wz6j	figs-metonymy		0	say to Tyre	Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	27	3	h74v			0	who lives within the gates of the sea	Alternate translation: “who lives at the gates of the sea” or “who lives at the entry to the sea”
 EZK	27	3	uay7	figs-metonymy		0	Tyre, you have said	Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “People of Tyre, you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZK	27	3	lrt3	figs-abstractnouns		0	I am perfect in beauty	The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “I am perfectly beautiful” or “I am entirely beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	3	lrt3	figs-abstractnouns		0	I am perfect in beauty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “I am perfectly beautiful” or “I am entirely beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	4	r25t	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	“Your” and “you” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	27	4	nk2f			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
 EZK	27	4	r7fr			0	Your borders	Alternate translation: “Your boundaries”
@@ -1626,9 +1626,9 @@ EZK	27	10	t1q7			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in th
 EZK	27	10	aw8i			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
 EZK	27	10	fj9d	translate-names		0	Persia, Lydia … Libya	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 EZK	27	10	z7jj			0	your men of war	Alternate translation: “men who fought in your wars” or “serving as your warriors”
-EZK	27	10	hpk8	figs-abstractnouns		0	your splendor	The abstract noun “splendor” can be translated using the adjective “splendid.” Alternate translation: “how splendid you were” or “how majestic you were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	10	hpk8	figs-abstractnouns		0	your splendor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “how splendid you were” or “how majestic you were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	11	hyb6	translate-names		0	Arvad … Helek … Gammad	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-EZK	27	11	m439	figs-abstractnouns		0	They completed your beauty	The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “They finished making you beautiful” or “They made you perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	11	m439	figs-abstractnouns		0	They completed your beauty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “They finished making you beautiful” or “They made you perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	12	y349			0	General Information:	The word “your” in these verses refers to Tyre.
 EZK	27	12	e1zd			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
 EZK	27	12	eq3f			0	Silver, iron, tin, and lead	metals that were used during that time period
@@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@ EZK	27	26	kh95			0	the eastern wind	Alternate translation: “the strong wind fr
 EZK	27	26	il9m			0	middle of them	“heart of the seas” or “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md).
 EZK	27	27	hyf8			0	sailors	men who sail boats
 EZK	27	27	v82e			0	depths of the sea	“heart of the seas” or “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md).
-EZK	27	27	v5jc	figs-abstractnouns		0	on the day of your destruction	The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated using the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “at the time you are destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	27	v5jc	figs-abstractnouns		0	on the day of your destruction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “at the time you are destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	28	vu1s			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre.
 EZK	27	28	vb1f	figs-metaphor		0		Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	27	28	zz11	figs-metonymy		0	Cities at the sea will tremble	Here “Cities at the sea” represents the people in those cities. Alternate translation: “The people of the cities by the sea will tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1701,7 +1701,7 @@ EZK	27	31	y422			0	General Information:	The word “they” in these verses refe
 EZK	27	31	v5hn	figs-metaphor		0		Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	27	31	l2lh	translate-symaction		0	They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth	These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 EZK	27	31	ftb1			0	bald	having no hair on the head
-EZK	27	32	f54l	figs-abstractnouns		0	They will lift up their wails of lamentation	The abstract noun “lamentation” can be translated using the verb “lament.” Alternate translation: “They will cry out and lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	32	f54l	figs-abstractnouns		0	They will lift up their wails of lamentation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “They will cry out and lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	32	lh75			0	sing dirges	Alternate translation: “sing funeral songs”
 EZK	27	32	d8za	figs-rquestion		0	Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea?	This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 EZK	27	32	f4lr	figs-activepassive		0	who has now been brought to silence	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “who its enemies have now silenced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ EZK	27	35	c2nm	figs-abstractnouns		0	their kings shuddered in horror	The abstrac
 EZK	27	35	yhh2			0	shuddered	Alternate translation: “shook, trembled with fear”
 EZK	27	35	l348	figs-metonymy		0	Their faces trembled	Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They appear to be trembling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	27	36	vh13	translate-symaction		0	hiss at you	Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-EZK	27	36	wj8x	figs-abstractnouns		0	you have become a horror	The abstract noun “horror” can be translated using the adjective “dreadful.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have become dreadful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	36	wj8x	figs-abstractnouns		0	you have become a horror	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “dreadful.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have become dreadful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	28	intro	b1j6			0		# Ezekiel 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
 EZK	28	1	g4fl	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came	This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 EZK	28	2	c7sq			0	Son of man	God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
@@ -1739,7 +1739,7 @@ EZK	28	6	vgc2			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in the
 EZK	28	6	p5is			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre.
 EZK	28	6	kas1	figs-metonymy		0	you have made your heart like the heart of a god	Here “heart” represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](../28/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 EZK	28	7	nrp5	figs-abstractnouns		0	the beauty of your wisdom	The abstract nouns “beauty” and “wisdom” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful” and the adverb “wisely.” Alternate translation: “the beautiful things that you have so wisely made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	28	7	b7md	figs-abstractnouns		0	profane your splendor	The abstract noun “splendor” can be translated using the adjective “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	28	7	b7md	figs-abstractnouns		0	profane your splendor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	28	8	w6fj	figs-metonymy		0	down to the pit	Here “the pit” refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: “down to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	28	8	t782			0	in the heart of the seas	Alternate translation: “in the middle of the seas”
 EZK	28	9	d3z2	figs-rquestion		0	Will you truly say, “I am a god” to the face of one who kills you?	This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not say ‘I am a god’ to the face of one who kills you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ EZK	28	15	fa3g	figs-activepassive		0	from the day you were created until injusti
 EZK	28	16	j1e3			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre.
 EZK	28	16	gg36			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre.
 EZK	28	16	man6			0	great trade	Alternate translation: “large volume of trade”
-EZK	28	16	b582	figs-metaphor		0	you were filled with violence	Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun “violence” can be translated using the adjective “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	28	16	b582	figs-metaphor		0	you were filled with violence	Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	28	16	m9pq			0	guardian cherub	Alternate translation: “guarding cherub”
 EZK	28	16	gp4k	figs-metaphor		0	the fiery stones	“the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	28	17	s2ql	figs-synecdoche		0	Your heart was arrogant	Here the “heart” represents the whole person, emphasizing the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “You were arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1786,7 +1786,7 @@ EZK	28	21	tmx3			0	prophesy against	“prophesy about the bad things that will h
 EZK	28	22	ab7q			0	Behold!	Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
 EZK	28	22	a4g5	figs-activepassive		0	I will be glorified in your midst	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will reveal my glory among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EZK	28	22	tv4z	figs-explicit		0	know that I am Yahweh	When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-EZK	28	22	pmu4	figs-abstractnouns		0	when I execute justice within you	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	28	22	pmu4	figs-abstractnouns		0	when I execute justice within you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	28	22	n4vt	figs-activepassive		0	I will be shown to be holy in you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will use you to show you that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EZK	28	23	s9iw			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Sidon.
 EZK	28	23	b3c4			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Sidon.
@@ -1800,7 +1800,7 @@ EZK	28	25	g4tq	figs-activepassive		0	among whom they were scattered	This can be
 EZK	28	25	y9f5			0	so the nations may see	Alternate translation: “in such a way as the nations will see it”
 EZK	28	25	n75q	figs-metonymy		0	my servant Jacob	Here “Jacob” represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the descendants of my servant Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	28	26	m5nf			0	within her	Alternate translation: “in the land”
-EZK	28	26	cn86	figs-abstractnouns		0	when I execute justice on all	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	28	26	cn86	figs-abstractnouns		0	when I execute justice on all	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	29	intro	qm8t			0		# Ezekiel 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
 EZK	29	1	nk1i	translate-ordinal		0	In the tenth year	It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin’s exile. Alternate translation: “In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EZK	29	1	h48u	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month	“on the twelfth day of the tenth month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@@ -2186,12 +2186,12 @@ EZK	33	10	wd7m	figs-rquestion		0	How can we live?	The people ask this question t
 EZK	33	11	tlw1	figs-abstractnouns		0	I do not delight in the death of the wicked	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” And the nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “wicked people.” Alternate translation: “It does not make me happy when wicked people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 EZK	33	11	e26x	figs-metaphor		0	if the wicked repents from his way	Here “way” represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: “if the wicked person stops doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	33	11	r9qn	figs-rquestion		0	For why should you die, house of Israel?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. Alternate translation: “Do not choose to die, house of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-EZK	33	12	lb73	figs-abstractnouns		0	The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins!	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-EZK	33	12	i4s7	figs-abstractnouns		0	The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish	The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	33	13	j7tp	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he trusts in his righteousness	The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	33	12	lb73	figs-abstractnouns		0	The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins!	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+EZK	33	12	i4s7	figs-abstractnouns		0	The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	33	13	j7tp	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he trusts in his righteousness	The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	33	13	ef4y			0	commits injustice	Alternate translation: “does what is evil” or “does wicked things”
 EZK	33	13	g3er	figs-idiom		0	I will not call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not think about” or “I will not recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-EZK	33	13	wz8k	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the wickedness he committed	The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	33	13	wz8k	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the wickedness he committed	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	33	14	b6yl	figs-nominaladj		0	to the wicked	The nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “the wicked person.” Alternate translation: “to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 EZK	33	15	xll9			0	if he restores the loan guarantee	Alternate translation: “if he gives back the loan guarantee”
 EZK	33	15	frw7			0	loan guarantee	something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed
@@ -2706,7 +2706,7 @@ EZK	40	1	y8a6			0	the hand of Yahweh	Here “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power
 EZK	40	2	y9x4			0	He brought me to rest	Alternate translation: “He put me down”
 EZK	40	3	ws2u			0	he brought me there	Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings”
 EZK	40	3	e8u1			0	Behold	Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
-EZK	40	3	w6wn	figs-abstractnouns		0	His appearance was like the appearance of bronze	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	40	3	w6wn	figs-abstractnouns		0	His appearance was like the appearance of bronze	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	40	3	fuy5			0	linen cord	“a rope made of linen.” This is a tool for measuring very long distances.
 EZK	40	3	am4h			0	linen	This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md).
 EZK	40	3	h98a			0	measuring stick	This is a tool for measuring shorter distances.
@@ -2882,7 +2882,7 @@ EZK	41	18	g9t5			0	was decorated	Alternate translation: “was made beautiful”
 EZK	41	18	ne31			0	cherubim	See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md).
 EZK	41	18	m9dj			0	cherub	This is the singular form of “cherubim.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md).
 EZK	41	20	cf7z			0	the house	Alternate translation: “the temple”
-EZK	41	22	fh5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was	These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	41	22	fh5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was	These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	41	22	lqs8	translate-bdistance		0	three cubits … two cubits	Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.6 meters … about 1.1 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
 EZK	41	23	wx5m			0	There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place	Alternate translation: “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors”
 EZK	41	24	p6xg			0	These doors had two hinged door panels each	“Each door had two parts that were on hinges.” Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing.
@@ -2902,7 +2902,7 @@ EZK	42	4	k5dr	translate-bdistance		0	ten cubits … one hundred cubits	Each long
 EZK	42	6	ll69			0	smaller in size compared to the rooms	Alternate translation: “smaller than the rooms”
 EZK	42	7	p1zj	translate-bdistance		0	fifty cubits	Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits” or “about 27 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
 EZK	42	8	fs43	translate-bdistance		0	fifty cubits … one hundred cubits	Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits…100 cubits” or “about 27 meters … about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
-EZK	42	11	enm6	figs-abstractnouns		0	They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	42	11	enm6	figs-abstractnouns		0	They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	42	12	cb5b			0	at its head	Alternate translation: “at its beginning”
 EZK	42	13	w6k1			0	the food offering	the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God
 EZK	42	15	evf6			0	to the gate that faced the east	Alternate translation: “out to the east gate” or “out through the east gate”
@@ -2918,7 +2918,7 @@ EZK	43	2	e4w7			0	many waters	This simply means “a lot of water.” It could r
 EZK	43	2	m5fd			0	the earth shone with his glory	Alternate translation: “the earth was full of bright light from his glory”
 EZK	43	3	k5tf			0	It was	Alternate translation: “The glory of God coming from the east was”
 EZK	43	3	bi4l			0	It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city	This could mean: (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city”
-EZK	43	3	s248	figs-abstractnouns		0	according to the appearance of the vision	The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	43	3	s248	figs-abstractnouns		0	according to the appearance of the vision	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	43	3	f83h			0	according to the vision	Alternate translation: “like the vision”
 EZK	43	3	akc5	figs-synecdoche		0	when he had come to destroy the city	“when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city.” If the earlier Hebrew reading “when I had come to destroy the city” is used, then “destroy the city” is a synecdoche for “prophesy that the city will be destroyed.” Alternate translation: “when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed” or “when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 EZK	43	5	r649			0	Behold	Your language may have a different word to show that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
@@ -2986,7 +2986,7 @@ EZK	44	12	z6se	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a me
 EZK	44	12	vr22	translate-symaction		0	I will lift up my hand to swear an oath	In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “I will solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 EZK	44	12	y3kn			0	against them	Alternate translation: “that I will punish them”
 EZK	44	12	pf4z	figs-123person		0	this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-EZK	44	12	q681	figs-abstractnouns		0	they will bear their punishment	The abstract noun “punishment” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	44	12	q681	figs-abstractnouns		0	they will bear their punishment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **punishment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	44	13	hx8g			0	They	the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](../44/10.md))
 EZK	44	13	ae27			0	They will not come near	“I will not permit them to come near.” Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)).
 EZK	44	13	bca3			0	will bear their reproach and their guilt	Alternate translation: “will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them”

en_tn_27-DAN.tsv

@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ DAN	7	26	j3ya			0	royal power	This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you
 DAN	7	26	plf7	figs-activepassive		0	to be consumed and destroyed at the end	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 DAN	7	27	hh11	figs-activepassive		0	The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 DAN	7	27	c6lf	figs-doublet		0	The kingdom and the dominion	These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-DAN	7	27	p5c7	figs-abstractnouns		0	the greatness of the kingdoms	The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+DAN	7	27	p5c7	figs-abstractnouns		0	the greatness of the kingdoms	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 DAN	7	27	ry7e	figs-idiom		0	of the kingdoms under the whole heaven	The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 DAN	7	27	eti4			0	His kingdom	Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
 DAN	7	27	t3ct			0	an everlasting kingdom	Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ DAN	11	42	w3i4	figs-activepassive		0	the land of Egypt will not be rescued	This
 DAN	11	43	n537	figs-idiom		0	the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps	Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 DAN	11	43	qp3z	translate-names		0	the Libyans and the Cushites	“the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 DAN	11	44	m79f			0	General Information:	This is still about the king of the North.
-DAN	11	44	et68	figs-abstractnouns		0	he will go out with great rage	The abstract noun “rage” can be expressed with the word “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+DAN	11	44	et68	figs-abstractnouns		0	he will go out with great rage	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 DAN	11	44	n5ju	figs-metonymy		0	go out	To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 DAN	11	44	dsf1			0	to set many apart for destruction	Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
 DAN	11	45	cil2			0	the tent of his royal residence	This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.

en_tn_28-HOS.tsv

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ HOS	7	15	kf6z	figs-metaphor		0	Though I trained them and strengthened their arms
 HOS	7	16	k39m			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
 HOS	7	16	r57a	figs-simile		0	They are like a slack bow	That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 HOS	7	16	q25q	figs-metonymy		0	because of the insolence of their tongues	Here “tongue” refers to what the officials say. Alternate translation: “because they insult me” or “because they curse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HOS	7	16	r7lt	figs-abstractnouns		0	This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt	The abstract noun “mockery” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+HOS	7	16	r7lt	figs-abstractnouns		0	This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mockery**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HOS	8	intro	sj97			0		# Hosea 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him.<br>Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>This chapter contains some references to the “calf of Samaria.” This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah.
 HOS	8	1	iyy7			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
 HOS	8	1	rq62	figs-metaphor		0	An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh	The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ HOS	11	8	nmr7	figs-rquestion		0	How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand y
 HOS	11	8	nb87	figs-rquestion		0	How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim?	Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 HOS	11	8	s6u1	figs-metonymy		0	My heart has changed within me	Here “heart” represents God’s will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HOS	11	9	que5			0	For I am God and not a man	God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge.
-HOS	11	9	xmy1	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not come in wrath	The abstract noun “wrath” can be stated as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+HOS	11	9	xmy1	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not come in wrath	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HOS	11	10	k7zh			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people.
 HOS	11	10	ge5v	figs-metaphor		0	They will follow Yahweh	Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HOS	11	10	ct2q	figs-simile		0	he will roar like a lion	Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ HOS	13	13	b6hn	figs-metaphor		0	but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to
 HOS	13	14	yv5m			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
 HOS	13	14	q1qb	figs-rquestion		0	Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death?	Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 HOS	13	14	iq7j	figs-personification		0	Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction?	Yahweh speaks to “death” and “Sheol” as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. Alternate translation: “Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-HOS	13	14	zq3t	figs-metaphor		0	Compassion is hidden from my eyes	Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+HOS	13	14	zq3t	figs-metaphor		0	Compassion is hidden from my eyes	Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HOS	13	15	w2sd			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
 HOS	13	15	r777	figs-metaphor		0	his brothers	This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HOS	13	15	nj8n	figs-metaphor		0	an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh	A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ HOS	14	2	xcc8	figs-metonymy		0	the fruit of our lips	What a person says is calle
 HOS	14	3	r5m5			0	General Information:	Hosea is speaking
 HOS	14	3	xvt4	figs-synecdoche		0	to the work of our hands	Here people are represented by their “hands” to refer to the people making things. Alternate translation: “to the idols we made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 HOS	14	3	y9ak			0	the fatherless person	This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God’s enormous compassion for his people.
-HOS	14	3	mh3w	figs-abstractnouns		0	finds compassion	Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+HOS	14	3	mh3w	figs-abstractnouns		0	finds compassion	Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HOS	14	4	j8i4			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
 HOS	14	4	x6kz	figs-metaphor		0	I will heal their turning away	Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HOS	14	4	e5gg	figs-metaphor		0	their turning away	The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

en_tn_29-JOL.tsv

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ JOL	1	13	uv6d			0	General Information:	God speaks to the priests in Israel
 JOL	1	13	w9cv		מִנְחָ֥ה וָ⁠נָֽסֶךְ	1	the grain offering and the drink offering	regular offerings in the temple
 JOL	1	14	z8ne		בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם	1	the house of Yahweh your God	the temple in Jerusalem
 JOL	1	15	q895			0	General Information:	This is what God is telling the priests to say.
-JOL	1	15	u6hs	figs-abstractnouns	וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא	1	With it will come destruction from the Almighty	The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated using the verb “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JOL	1	15	u6hs	figs-abstractnouns	וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא	1	With it will come destruction from the Almighty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOL	1	16	yv6d	figs-ellipsis	הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל	1	Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God?	It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JOL	1	16	r8wr	figs-synecdoche	נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ	1	from before our eyes	“from us.” This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JOL	1	16	f1eb	figs-ellipsis	מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל	1	joy and gladness from the house of our God	You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ JOL	3	13	tz4a	figs-metaphor	בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְ
 JOL	3	13	haw5	figs-metaphor	הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽ⁠ם	1	The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous	Yahweh speaks of the nations’ wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOL	3	14	y2ge		הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים	1	a tumult, a tumult	A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
 JOL	3	14	r3ir		בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ…בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶ⁠חָרֽוּץ	1	Valley of Judgment … Valley of Judgment	This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
-JOL	3	14	fq2i	figs-abstractnouns	בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ	1	Valley of Judgment	There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOL	3	14	fq2i	figs-abstractnouns	בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ	1	Valley of Judgment	There is no known place with this name. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOL	3	16	fj29			1	General Information:	Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
 JOL	3	16	fe1r	figs-parallelism	וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ	1	Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem	Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JOL	3	16	yr8u	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג	1	Yahweh will roar	This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

en_tn_30-AMO.tsv

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ AMO	1	14	i3cd	figs-metaphor		0	it will devour the palaces	Here Yahweh’s judgme
 AMO	1	14	hpu5	figs-metaphor		0	with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind	The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 AMO	1	14	xh9x			0	tempest … whirlwind	These are two kinds of violent storms.
 AMO	1	14	zf7h			0	whirlwind	a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
-AMO	1	15	s4xt	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their king will go into captivity	The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated as the verb “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+AMO	1	15	s4xt	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their king will go into captivity	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 AMO	2	intro	ibd6			0		# Amos 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UST translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>You will notice that the phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
 AMO	2	1	g1vl			0	For three sins of … even for four	This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
 AMO	2	1	uc48	figs-metonymy		0	Moab	This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -240,8 +240,8 @@ AMO	5	8	uny6	translate-unknown		0	the Pleiades and Orion	People saw patterns in
 AMO	5	8	fkp9			0	he turns darkness into the morning … day dark with night	“he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night.” This refers to causing the times of the day.
 AMO	5	8	jzr4	figs-metaphor		0	calls for the waters … on the surface of the earth	This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. Alternate translation: “he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 AMO	5	8	rb72			0	Yahweh is his name!	By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
-AMO	5	9	u2if	figs-abstractnouns		0	He brings sudden destruction on the strong	The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-AMO	5	9	t2g1	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that destruction comes on the fortresses	The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+AMO	5	9	u2if	figs-abstractnouns		0	He brings sudden destruction on the strong	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
+AMO	5	9	t2g1	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that destruction comes on the fortresses	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 AMO	5	10	s23g			0	They hate anyone	Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone”
 AMO	5	11	ldj5			0	worked stone	Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
 AMO	5	11	sm1t	figs-explicit		0	you will not drink their wine	The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

en_tn_31-OBA.tsv

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ OBA	1	1	jdr9	figs-quotations	ק֛וּמוּ וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי
 OBA	1	1	pez6	figs-idiom	ק֛וּמוּ	1	Get up	This phrase is used to tell people to get ready, in this case to attack Edom. Alternate translation: “Get ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 OBA	1	1	iaok	figs-idiom	וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ	1		This is an idiom that means to violently oppose another person or nation. Alternate translation: “Let us gather our armies against Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 OBA	1	1	c9e2	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ	1	and let us rise up against her	Here, **her** refers to the land of Edom, which, again, stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Let us rise up against the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-OBA	1	1	jd1r	figs-abstractnouns	לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה	1	for battle	If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **battle** with a verb. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+OBA	1	1	jd1r	figs-abstractnouns	לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה	1	for battle	If your readers would misunderstand this, If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **battle**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	2	cc3h	writing-quotations	הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ	1	Behold, I am making you small	The addressee changes here. This is no longer Yahweh speaking to Judah or the messenger speaking to the other nations. Now Yahweh is speaking directly to the people of Edom. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add a quote introduction here, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 OBA	1	2	npn6		הִנֵּ֥ה	1	Behold	This alerts the people of Edom to pay special attention to what follows. Use a natural way of getting someone’s attention in your language. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
 OBA	1	2	l6dc	figs-parallelism	קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד	1	I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised	These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. If it would be more natural in your language, you could combine them as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ OBA	1	2	ec8m	figs-metaphor	קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּ
 OBA	1	2	ch1u	figs-activepassive	בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד	1	you are extremely despised	You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 OBA	1	3	kjbt	figs-personification	זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ	1		Here, **pride** is spoken of figuratively as though it were a person who could deceive someone. If this is not clear, you could say this with plain language. Alternate translation: “Because you are so proud, you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 OBA	1	3	hzdk	figs-youcrowd	זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ	1		Here, **you** is singular, since it refers to the people of Edom as a single nation, but if this is confusing in your language, you can use a plural form of “you” here and throughout this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
-OBA	1	3	kcc3	figs-abstractnouns	זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙	1		If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **pride** with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+OBA	1	3	kcc3	figs-abstractnouns	זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	3	qpw7	figs-metaphor	זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙	1	of your heart	Here, **heart** is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 OBA	1	3	k9sw	figs-123person	שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע	1	lofty in his dwelling	Here, the pronoun switches from **you** to **he** even though Yahweh is still talking to the people of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you can continue to use **you**, since this is part of Yahweh’s continuing message to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 OBA	1	3	q6sz		בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע	1	in the clefts of the rock	This means a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ OBA	1	4	jd5r	figs-hyperbole	אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔
 OBA	1	4	jd7r	figs-activepassive	שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ	1	if your nest is set	If your language does not use passive verb forms, you could use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “if you could make your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 OBA	1	4	bbu3	figs-metaphor	מִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְ⁠ךָ֖	1	from there I will bring you down	Here, **bring you down** means “humble you” or “defeat you.” This is a spatial metaphor. Yahweh’s response to the Edomites is that there is nowhere they would be safe from his judgment and punishment. Alternate translation: “you would still not be safe there from the attackers that I am sending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 OBA	1	4	ce6e	writing-quotations	נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה	1		This phrase reminds the reader that this message, including the entire book, came directly from Yahweh. Use a form of quotation that would make this clear in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
-OBA	1	4	fyco	figs-abstractnouns	נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה	1		If it would be more natural in your language, instead of the abstract noun **declaration**, you could use a verb here. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+OBA	1	4	fyco	figs-abstractnouns	נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	5	w86v	figs-doublet	אִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְ⁠ךָ֙ אִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה	1	If thieves came to you, and plunderers by night	These two phrases mean the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize the one idea that they are expressing. If this is not clear in your language, use another way of showing that this is important or you could combine them, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 OBA	1	5	b93f	figs-activepassive	אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה	1	how you are being destroyed!	You could use the active form of the verb, and you could specify who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “how the attackers will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 OBA	1	5	jd9r	figs-exclamations	אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה	1	how you are being destroyed!	Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. Unlike thieves and grape-harvesters, those who attack Edom will leave nothing behind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could move the phrase to the end of the verse and make it its own sentence. Alternate translation: “But attackers will destroy you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ OBA	1	7	cr88		עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ	1	ar
 OBA	1	7	a612	figs-parallelism	כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗	1	All the men of your covenant … The men of your peace … They of your bread	All three phrases refer to Edom’s allies. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in similar ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 OBA	1	7	jd15	figs-ellipsis	לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזוֹר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔י⁠ךָ	1	They of your bread will set a trap under you	Hebrew says simply **your bread**. In this poetic style, hearers and readers are expected to understand the meaning and supply the missing words **The men of** from the previous two lines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 OBA	1	7	rc1i	figs-aside	אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ	1	There is no understanding in him.	This phrase could mean: (1) Yahweh could be saying this as an aside in order to express his evaluation of the people of Edom. If this would be confusing in your language, you can continue the address to Edom in the second person, as in the UST. (2) the former allies could be saying this about Edom. Alternate translation: “Then they will say to you, ‘you are not as clever as you thought you were’” (3) It could be referring to the trap just mentioned. Alternate translation: “and there is no perception of it” (4) It could be referring to the shocking situation of Edom being betrayed by its allies. Alternate translation: “There is no understanding of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
-OBA	1	7	jd17	figs-abstractnouns	אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ	1	understanding	You could translate the abstract noun **understanding** with a verb. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+OBA	1	7	jd17	figs-abstractnouns	אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ	1	understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	7	jd19	figs-personification	בּֽ⁠וֹ	1	in him	Here, **him** probably refers to Edom, which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 OBA	1	8	i4rg	figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא…וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם	1	Will I not on that day (a declaration of Yahweh) destroy wise men from Edom, and understanding from the mountain of Esau?	This is a rhetorical question. Yahweh uses the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “On that day … I will certainly destroy the wise men from Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 OBA	1	8	jd21	figs-explicit	וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם	1	wise men	The original audience would have known that Edom was famous for its wisdom. So this means that even their famous wisdom cannot save them from Yahweh’s destruction. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could indicate this information as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 OBA	1	8	i6ry	figs-rquestion	וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו	1		This is the second part of the rhetorical question. You could also start a new sentence here. Yahweh continues the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “and I will certainly destroy their understanding” or “On that day I will certainly remove understanding from the mountain of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 OBA	1	8	mupa	figs-explicit	וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו	1		In this poetic style, the reader is expected to use the words **will I not on that day destroy** from the first rhetorical question in order to understand this second one. If that is not clear in your language, you can repeat those words here. Alternate translation: “and will I not on that day destroy understanding from the mountain of Esau?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 OBA	1	8	g6se	figs-parallelism	חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו	1		In this poetic style, the same meaning is expressed twice but in different words in order to emphasize what is being said. Here, **wise men** and **understanding** both refer to people who are wise, and **Edom** and **the mountain of Esau** are both ways of referring to the country of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you could say this only once, or emphasize the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “all people who are wise from the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-OBA	1	8	jd23	figs-abstractnouns	וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה	1	and understanding	You could translate this abstract noun with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+OBA	1	8	jd23	figs-abstractnouns	וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה	1	and understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	8	z8tf	figs-synecdoche	מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו	1	from the mountain of Esau	Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by using the name of one prominent part of it. The **mountain of Esau** may be the one now called Mount Bozrah. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 OBA	1	8	gn3t	translate-names	עֵשָֽׂו	1		This is the name of the man who was the ancestor of the people of Edom. See how you translated this in [verse 6](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 OBA	1	9	jd25	figs-synecdoche	וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ תֵּימָ֑ן	1	And your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman	Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom, but now he addresses them as **Teman**, which was the name of the region around their capital city. This part of Edom is now being used to represent the whole people. Alternate translation: “People of Edom, your strong soldiers will become terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ OBA	1	9	jd27	figs-metaphor	יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ	1	a man will be cut
 OBA	1	9	q6s7	figs-activepassive	יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ	1	will be cut off	You could use an active verb form, and you could specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 OBA	1	9	jd31	figs-idiom	אִ֛ישׁ	1	a man	Here, **a man** is an idiom that means “each person.” Alternate translation: “all you people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 OBA	1	9	jd35	figs-synecdoche	מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו	1	from the mountain of Esau	As in v. 8, Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of this one part of it. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-OBA	1	9	jd37	figs-abstractnouns	מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל	1	by slaughter	The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If you would not use an abstract noun like this in your language, you could use an adverb instead. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+OBA	1	9	jd37	figs-abstractnouns	מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל	1	by slaughter	The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	9	hsy2	figs-abstractnouns	מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל	1		Some Bible translations put this phrase with verse 10, rather than with verse 9. If you choose to do that, verse 9 would end, “…from the mountain of Esau.” Verse 10 would begin, “Because of slaughter, because of violence …” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	10	jd39	figs-metonymy	אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ	1	your brother	The term **brother** is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Use the term that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 OBA	1	10	ui6g	figs-personification	יַעֲקֹ֖ב	1	Jacob	Here the name **Jacob** refers to the people of Judah, who were his descendants. All the people are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-OBA	1	10	jd41	figs-abstractnouns	תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה	1	shame will cover you	If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a verb to translate the abstract noun **shame**. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+OBA	1	10	jd41	figs-abstractnouns	תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה	1	shame will cover you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 OBA	1	10	f8g6	figs-idiom	תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה	1	shame will cover you	To be **covered** with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 OBA	1	10	a113	figs-activepassive	וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ	1	you will be cut off to eternity	If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 OBA	1	10	jd43	figs-explicit	וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ	1	you will be cut off	You can specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

en_tn_32-JON.tsv

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ JON	2	8	fac9		חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ	1	forsake their covenan
 JON	2	9	q3yb	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י	1	But as for me,	This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “but I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 JON	2	9	nfd2		בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ	1	I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving	This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.
 JON	2	9	jdrh		יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה	1	Salvation belongs to Yahweh	This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrc).
-JON	2	9	r4j4	figs-abstractnouns	יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה	1	Salvation belongs to Yahweh	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun **salvation** is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JON	2	9	r4j4	figs-abstractnouns	יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה	1	Salvation belongs to Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JON	2	10	dz3j		אֶל־הַ⁠יַּבָּשָֽׁה	1	onto the dry land	Alternate translation: “upon the ground” or “onto the shore”
 JON	3	intro	z3ut			0		# Jonah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah’s life.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>According to the king’s proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Size of Nineveh<br><br>When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase “three days’ journey” is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah’s day, cities were not as big as they are today. So, although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.<br><br>### God repenting or relenting<br><br>The last verse of this chapter says, “So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it.” This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that God’s character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint, and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin.<br><br>Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was God’s plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
 JON	3	1	jdr7	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה	1	The word of Yahweh came	This phrase introduces the second half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the first half of the story [1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

en_tn_33-MIC.tsv

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ MIC	4	8	c64g	figs-apostrophe		0	As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of th
 MIC	4	8	y9gn	figs-metaphor		0	watchtower for the flock	The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	4	8	p2dj	figs-metaphor		0	daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem	The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. Alternate translation: “people who live in Zion … people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	4	8	tc2d			0	hill	Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean “fortress” or “stronghold” here.
-MIC	4	8	ccs1	figs-abstractnouns		0	to you it will come, your former dominion	The abstract noun “dominion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MIC	4	8	ccs1	figs-abstractnouns		0	to you it will come, your former dominion	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dominion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MIC	4	9	g6px	figs-rquestion		0	Now, why do you shout so loudly?	Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at how you are shouting loudly.” or “Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 MIC	4	9	b1zk	figs-rquestion		0	Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor?	Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 MIC	4	10	qn9l	figs-simile		0	Be in pain … like a woman in labor	Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ MIC	4	13	mm6h	figs-you		0	Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion … your horn … y
 MIC	4	13	m3uk	figs-metaphor		0	Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze	Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 MIC	4	13	tq8x	figs-metaphor		0	I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze	If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the metaphor. Alternate translation: “for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 MIC	4	13	igd2			0	their unjust wealth	Alternate translation: “the wealth they got by acting unjustly” or “the things they stole from other people”
-MIC	4	13	c3rt	figs-abstractnouns		0	their wealth	The abstract noun “wealth” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MIC	4	13	c3rt	figs-abstractnouns		0	their wealth	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wealth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MIC	5	intro	y1t7			0		# Micah 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](../../mic/05/02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Change in Personal Pronouns<br>Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes “I” is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as “you” and begins speaking about them as “we” or “us.”
 MIC	5	1	f536	figs-metaphor		0	daughter of soldiers	The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. Alternate translation: “people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	5	1	yp7t	figs-metonymy		0	With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek	The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ MIC	5	11	p7xv	figs-you		0	your land … your strongholds	Yahweh is speaking to t
 MIC	5	12	w5rn	figs-metonymy		0	the witchcraft in your hand	Being in the “hand” represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: “the witchcraft that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MIC	5	12	b4vf	figs-you		0	your hand … you will	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 MIC	5	13	udr6	figs-you		0	your carved … your stone … among you. You will … your hands	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-MIC	5	13	s47c	figs-abstractnouns		0	the workmanship of your hands	The abstract noun “workmanship” can be translated using the verb “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MIC	5	13	s47c	figs-abstractnouns		0	the workmanship of your hands	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **workmanship**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MIC	5	14	dd8m	figs-you		0	your Asherah … among you … your cities	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 MIC	5	14	p6df	figs-metaphor		0	will uproot your Asherah poles	Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. Alternate translation: “will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	6	intro	k235			0		# Micah 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Names in Lawsuit<br>Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel.<br>Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ MIC	6	2	pbw6	figs-personification		0	you mountains … you enduring foundations
 MIC	6	3	smg8	figs-rquestion		0	My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me!	God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 MIC	6	3	h6ec	figs-you		0	to you … wearied you? Testify	Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 MIC	6	4	y7re	figs-you		0	brought you … rescued you … Miriam to you	Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-MIC	6	4	s8wt	figs-metaphor		0	house of bondage	A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun “bondage” can be translated as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+MIC	6	4	s8wt	figs-metaphor		0	house of bondage	A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bondage**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	6	5	q1ew	figs-you		0	remember … you went … you may know	Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 MIC	6	5	ddx5			0	what Balak … devised	“the plans Balak … made to harm you
 MIC	6	5	q2uj	figs-explicit		0	how Balaam … answered him	This could mean: (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam … did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ MIC	6	7	yc7f	figs-rquestion		0	Will Yahweh be pleased … oil? Should I give …
 MIC	6	7	mxx1	figs-rquestion		0	thousands of rams … ten thousand rivers of oil	“rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 MIC	6	8	y8pq			0	He has told you	Alternate translation: “Yahweh has told you”
 MIC	6	8	xd8t			0	good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act … God	Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act … God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act … God?”
-MIC	6	8	qii1	figs-abstractnouns		0	love kindness	The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated using the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MIC	6	8	qii1	figs-abstractnouns		0	love kindness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MIC	6	9	jf56	figs-metonymy		0	even now wisdom acknowledges your name	Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word “name” here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: “and the wise person will fear you” or “and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 MIC	6	9	mll1	figs-metaphor		0	Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place	Here “rod” refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who “has put it in place,” will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	6	10	va73	figs-metonymy		0	There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest	Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words “the wicked” refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. Alternate translation: “Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -249,14 +249,14 @@ MIC	7	3	m27f	figs-synecdoche		0	Their hands are very good	The hand is a synecdoc
 MIC	7	4	nz3f	figs-simile		0	The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge	Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 MIC	7	4	kin3			0	the most upright	Alternate translation: “those of them who try hardest to do what is good”
 MIC	7	4	qfc3	figs-activepassive		0	It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment	Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of “your” are plural. The word “watchmen” is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: “Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-MIC	7	4	i385	figs-abstractnouns		0	Now is the time of their confusion	The abstract noun “confusion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MIC	7	4	i385	figs-abstractnouns		0	Now is the time of their confusion	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confusion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MIC	7	5	cvb4			0	Do not trust any neighbor	Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
 MIC	7	6	y6bb			0	people of his own house	Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
 MIC	7	6	by7f	figs-ellipsis		0	a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law	The words “rises up” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 MIC	7	6	z99g	figs-metonymy		0	his own house	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “his own family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MIC	7	7	pvd9	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of “you” are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 MIC	7	7	z1eq			0	But as for me	Here “me” refers to Micah.
-MIC	7	7	p8kj	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will wait for the God of my salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MIC	7	7	p8kj	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will wait for the God of my salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MIC	7	7	wd6x	figs-metonymy		0	will hear me	The word “hear” represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: “will act to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MIC	7	8	yb44	figs-metaphor		0	fall … rise	These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	7	8	ln69	figs-metaphor		0	sit in darkness	These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ ZEP	2	9	dr9e	figs-parallelism		0	the remnant of my people … the remainder of m
 ZEP	2	12	ai2t			0	General Information:	In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
 ZEP	2	12	dr9y	figs-metonymy		0	You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword	Here “pieced by my sword” is a metonym for being killed in battle. Alternate translation: “I will kill you people of Cush in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ZEP	2	13	rqc2	figs-metonymy		0	God’s hand	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “God’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ZEP	2	13	vj6j	figs-abstractnouns		0	an abandoned devastation	The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ZEP	2	13	vj6j	figs-abstractnouns		0	an abandoned devastation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ZEP	2	13	ra14	figs-simile		0	as dry as the desert	This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 ZEP	2	14	fgc1			0	every animal of the nations	Alternate translation: “every kind of animal”
 ZEP	2	14	rq3s			0	the screech owl	This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as “hedgehog.”
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ ZEP	3	14	d6q3	figs-idiom		0	daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem	Here “d
 ZEP	3	14	x7wg	figs-doublet		0	Be glad and rejoice	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. Alternate translation: “Be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ZEP	3	14	qj83	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart	Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “with all your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ZEP	3	15	lb51	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh has taken away your punishment	Here to “take away” punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has stopped punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ZEP	3	15	t4fy	figs-abstractnouns		0	You will never again fear evil	The abstract noun “evil” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ZEP	3	15	t4fy	figs-abstractnouns		0	You will never again fear evil	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **evil**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ZEP	3	16	v9ia			0	In that day	“At that time” or “When this happens.” This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh.
 ZEP	3	16	eh5e	figs-metonymy		0	say to Jerusalem … Zion	The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Jerusalem … people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ZEP	3	16	pc5c	figs-metaphor		0	Do not let your hands falter	To feel weak or helpless is spoken of as if their hands became physically weak. Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

en_tn_37-HAG.tsv

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ HAG	1	9	g652	figs-123person		0	declares Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself
 HAG	1	10	suc8	figs-metaphor		0	the heavens withhold the dew from you	The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: “the sky does not allow the dew to fall” or “no dew forms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HAG	1	11	a7ds	figs-personification		0	I have summoned a drought upon the land	Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. Alternate translation: “I have kept the rain from falling on the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 HAG	1	11	v7pk	figs-metonymy		0	upon the new wine, upon the oil	“Wine” and “oil” are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HAG	1	11	ird4	figs-abstractnouns		0	all the labor of your hands	The abstract noun “labor” can be translated using the phrase “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+HAG	1	11	ird4	figs-abstractnouns		0	all the labor of your hands	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HAG	1	12	n5g8	translate-names		0	Zerubbabel … Shealtiel … Joshua … Jehozadak … Haggai	See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 HAG	1	12	c4he	figs-metonymy		0	obeyed the voice of Yahweh … the words of Haggai	The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HAG	1	12	e9sl	figs-synecdoche		0	the people feared the face of Yahweh	This could mean: (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ ZEC	8	14	ry4z			0	provoked my anger	Alternate translation: “angered me”
 ZEC	8	14	pw4j			0	did not relent	Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
 ZEC	8	15	tg1a	figs-metonymy		0	Jerusalem	This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ZEC	8	16	r54n			0	that you must do	“You” refers to the people of Judah.
-ZEC	8	16	iy65	figs-abstractnouns		0	Speak truth, every person with his neighbor	The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ZEC	8	16	iy65	figs-abstractnouns		0	Speak truth, every person with his neighbor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ZEC	8	16	m4ld			0	his neighbor	Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
 ZEC	8	16	u5kf	figs-abstractnouns		0	Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ZEC	8	16	k4ez	figs-explicit		0	in your gates	The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

en_tn_39-MAL.tsv

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ MAL	2	6	ws89	figs-metaphor		0	in peace and uprightness	Here the idea of location
 MAL	2	6	p1lh	figs-metaphor		0	he turned many away from sin	Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MAL	2	6	fxl1	figs-metaphor		0	lips	Here “lips” stands for a person’s ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MAL	2	7	kp5v	figs-metaphor		0	For a priest’s lips should keep knowledge	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-MAL	2	7	d2la	figs-abstractnouns		0	seek instruction	Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “instruction.” Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MAL	2	7	d2la	figs-abstractnouns		0	seek instruction	Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MAL	2	7	sp8u	figs-metonymy		0	from his mouth	Here “mouth” stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MAL	2	8	si1s	figs-metaphor		0	you have turned away from the true path	The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MAL	2	8	um6v	figs-metaphor		0	You have caused many to stumble	Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])