DCS-Mirror
/
Testing_ABC_en_tn
mirror of https://git.door43.org/Testing_ABC/en_tn
2
0
Fork 0
Files Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity See in Reader

Merge tracypreslar-tc-create-1 into master by tracypreslar (#3267) 

Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <richmahn@users.noreply.github.com>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3267
This commit is contained in:
tracypreslar 2023-06-07 06:28:58 +00:00
parent e6903eecd8
commit 46360cd4c6
2 changed files with 159 additions and 168 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

181
tn_2SA.tsv
View File

@ -1,72 +1,63 @@
Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
front:intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 2 Samuel\n\n1. The first years of David’s reign (1:1–7:29)\n * Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)\n * David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)\n * Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)\n1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)\n1. David’s sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)\n1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)\n1. The later years of David’s reign (15:1–24:25)\n * Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)\n * David’s kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)\n * Famine and warfare (21:1–14)\n * David’s song of praise (22:1–23:7)\n * David’s mighty men (23:8–39)\n * Yahweh judges David’s sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)\n\n### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?\n\nThis book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.\n\nThroughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13–19](../13/01.md)).\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David’s sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIt is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIn 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?\n\nDavid frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “ma’am” in this way.\n\n### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.\n\n### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\n2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42–43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).
1:intro la44 0 # 2 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19–27.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:1 q125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziklag 0 This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah.
1:2 vci9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal On the third day 0 “After three days”
1:2 v6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head 0 In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning.
1:2 js3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself 0 This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel.
1:4 j45j Many have fallen and many are dead 0 This could mean: (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
1:6 uks7 By chance I happened to be 0 This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
1:6 g386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Saul was leaning on his spear 0 This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear.
1:8 x88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’ 0 These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite”
1:8 nvy8 I am an Amalekite 0 These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
1:9 t8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification great suffering has taken hold of me 0 Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly”
1:9 he7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom life is still in me 0 This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive”
1:10 fh71 he would not live after he had fallen 0 Alternate translation: “he would die anyway”
1:11 lzf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction David tore his clothes … the men with him did the same 0 David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul.
1:12 j5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel 0 Both statements mean basically same thing. The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both “people” and “house” probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “for the Israelite soldiers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:12 v2al Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:12 h78c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they had fallen by the sword 0 Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:13 tje8 Where are you from? 0 The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](../01/08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
1:intro la44 0 # 2 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19–27.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])\n\n### Parallelism\nDavid's funeral song uses a lot of parallelism, where similar ideas are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
1:1 q125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּ⁠צִקְלָ֖ג 1 This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah.
1:2 v6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וּ⁠בְגָדָ֣י⁠ו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning.
1:2 js3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָ⁠ה וַ⁠יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ 1 This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel.
1:6 uks7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֨יתִי֙ 1 This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
1:6 g386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑⁠וֹ 1 This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear.
1:8 x88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֖⁠י מִי־אָ֑תָּה וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלָ֔י⁠ו עֲמָלֵקִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי 1 These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite”
1:8 nvy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲמָלֵקִ֖י 1 These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
1:9 t8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֲחָזַ֖⁠נִי הַ⁠שָּׁבָ֑ץ 1 Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly”
1:9 he7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָל־ע֥וֹד נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י בִּֽ⁠י 1 This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive”
1:10 fh71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽחְיֶ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֣י נִפְל֑⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “he would die anyway”
1:11 lzf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּחֲזֵ֥ק דָּוִ֛ד בִּבְגָדָ֖יו וַ⁠יִּקְרָעֵ֑⁠ם וְ⁠גַ֥ם כָּל־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul.
1:12 j5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְ⁠עַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְ⁠עַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Both statements mean basically same thing. Alternate translation: “and for the Israelites soldiers”
1:12 dhc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel.
1:12 h78c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism נָפְל֖וּ בֶּ⁠חָֽרֶב 1 Here **fallen** is a polite way of referring to being killed. Alternate translation: “they had died”
1:12 oup3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֶּ⁠חָֽרֶב 1 **Sword** represents a battle. Alternate translation: “in battle”
1:14 f3mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed … hand? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!”
1:14 gdq9 Yahweh’s anointed king 0 This refers to Saul.
1:14 gdq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh’s anointed king 0 This refers to Saul.
1:14 llc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with your own hand 0 This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally”
1:15 k3ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom struck him down 0 This idiom means “killed him.”
1:16 sv2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your blood is on your head 0 Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “You are responsible for your own death” or “You have caused your own death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:16 e596 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your own mouth has testified against you 0 Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you have testified against yourself”
1:17 k1zm 0 # General Information:\n\nDavid sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan.
1:18 xw5d Song of the Bow 0 This was the title of the song.
1:18 rz25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background which has been written in the Book of Jashar 0 This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future.
1:18 h5m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Book of Jashar 0 The word “Jashar” means “upright.” Alternate translation: “the Book of the Upright”
1:19 bch8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your glory, Israel, is dead 0 “Your glory” refers to Saul.
1:19 luf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the mighty 0 The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1:16 sv2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your blood 0 Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Alternate translation: “Your death”
1:16 re2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “is your fault”
1:16 ovsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פִ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
1:18 xw5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The Bow 0 This was the title of the song.
1:18 rz25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Look, {it is} written on the Scroll of the Upright 0 This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future.
1:19 bch8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your glory 0 “Your glory” refers to Saul.
1:19 luf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the mighty 0 The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan.
1:19 ihzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj גִבּוֹרִֽים 1 This is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”
1:19 v53l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism have fallen 0 The word “fallen” here means “died.”
1:20 as79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Do not tell it in Gath … do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song.
1:20 new3 Gath … Ashkelon 0 Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
1:20 m8lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism so that the daughters of the Philistines may not rejoice … so that the daughters of the uncircumcised may not celebrate 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song.
1:20 kk6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the daughters of the uncircumcised 0 This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines.
1:20 new3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gath … Ashkelon 0 Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
1:20 kk6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the uncircumcised 0 This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines.
1:21 yma7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Mountains of Gilboa 0 David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song.
1:21 k9a4 let there not be dew or rain on you 0 David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God’s anointed king.
1:21 nbh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the shield of the mighty was defiled 0 The “mighty” here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king’s blood was shed on it.
1:21 bh3a The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil 0 Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
1:22 i5nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty 0 Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors.
1:22 px2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the sword of Saul did not return empty 0 Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1:23 zvc3 in their death they were not separated 0 The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
1:21 nbh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the shield of the mighty was defiled 0 The “mighty” here refers to Saul and Jonathan.
1:21 bh3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil 0 Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
1:22 px2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the sword of Saul did not return empty 0 Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed.
1:23 zvc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes in their death they were not separated 0 The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
1:23 k29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. 0 Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions.
1:24 b7wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewels, and who put ornaments of gold on your clothing 0 “who provided you nice clothes and jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing.
1:25 lw46 How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle 0 This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel’s best warriors are dead. Alternate translation: “The mighty men have died in battle”
1:25 s578 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 0 Here “mighty” is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors”
1:25 s578 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 0 Here “mighty” is plural and refers to Saul and Jonathan. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors”
1:25 ap6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism have fallen 0 This is a polite way to say “have died.”
1:25 l3rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jonathan is killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan”
1:25 i3z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe on your high places 0 David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](../01/21.md).
1:25 i3z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe on your high places 0 David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [verse 21](../01/21.md).
1:26 eg6m my brother Jonathan 0 Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
1:26 l4ln Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women 0 Here “love” is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan’s loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children.
2:intro k322 0 # 2 Samuel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul’s son and David.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Civil war\n\nThere was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul’s uncle (Abner) made Saul’s son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab’s brother, but David’s army was victorious.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nAbner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David’s army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:1 lt47 After this 0 Alternate translation: “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
2:1 ncw1 go up to one of the cities of Judah 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
2:2 x7ln David went up with his two wives 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
2:1 lt47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit After this 0 Alternate translation: “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
2:1 ncw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit go up to one of the cities of Judah 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
2:2 x7ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit David went up with his two wives 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
2:4 jw8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed David king 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king.
2:4 gc4b the house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
2:4 gc4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
2:4 h1l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead.
2:6 c5wi 0 # General Information:\n\nDavid speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead.
2:6 jp9r this thing 0 They buried Saul.
2:6 jp9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit this thing 0 They buried Saul.
2:7 ss4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let your hands be strong 0 Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong”
2:7 c3td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed me king 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king.
2:8 m5pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner … Ishbosheth 0 These are the names of men.
2:8 i3ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim 0 This is the name of a place.
2:9 e9wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gilead … Jezreel 0 These are the names of places.
2:10 fb37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the house of Judah followed David 0 Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king”
2:10 kz8s house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
2:10 fb37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of Judah followed David 0 Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king”
2:10 kz8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
2:12 t3hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abner … Ner … Ishbosheth … Saul 0 These are the names of men.
2:13 n2wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 This is the name of a man.
2:16 ni8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they fell down together 0 This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died”
@ -74,114 +65,104 @@ front:intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
2:17 gm4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The battle was very severe that day 0 It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day”
2:18 smv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah … Joab … Abishai … Asahel 0 These are the names of men.
2:18 n11n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle 0 Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast”
2:18 aak9 wild gazelle 0 This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
2:19 mmf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abner 0 This is the name of a man.
2:19 j8wb followed him without turning away in any direction 0 Here “without turning away” is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner’s path. Alternate translation: “followed him wherever he went”
2:18 aak9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown wild gazelle 0 This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
2:20 jd6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a man.
2:21 we6k Turn aside to your right or to your left … turn aside 0 Alternate translation: “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
2:21 ck9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism seize one of the young men and take his armor 0 Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. Alternate translation: “fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder”
2:22 mpv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should I strike you to the ground? 0 This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:22 k44v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:23 y5pa turn aside 0 This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
2:23 eb53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the blunt end of his spear 0 This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him.
2:21 we6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn aside to your right or to your left … turn aside 0 Alternate translation: “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
2:22 mpv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should I strike you to the ground? 0 This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you”
2:22 k44v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab”
2:22 phr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hold up my face to Joab 0 Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means to look someone in the eye without guilt or negative emotions.
2:23 y5pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turn aside 0 This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
2:24 dk79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai 0 This is the name of a man.
2:24 ja3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names hill of Ammah … Giah 0 These are the names of places.
2:26 w79x Abner called 0 Alternate translation: “Abner shouted” or “Abner yelled”
2:26 bju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Must the sword devour forever? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here “sword” refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:26 ukm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? 0 This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here “bitter” is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:26 e6un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers? 0 This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here “brother” is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:27 yh65 Just as God lives 0 This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
2:26 bju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Must the sword devour forever? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.”
2:26 vzq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sword 0 Here “sword” refers to the fighting.
2:26 ukm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? 0 This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!”
2:26 e6un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers? 0 This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!”
2:26 vx56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy brother 0 Here “brother” is used to represent fellow Israelites.
2:27 yh65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula Just as God lives 0 This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
2:27 gze5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if you had not said that … pursued their brothers until the morning 0 This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab.
2:28 qt3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit blew the trumpet 0 Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances.
2:28 zk88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche did not pursue Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers”
2:29 g9ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arabah … Mahanaim 0 These are the names of places.
2:28 zk88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers”
2:29 g9ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim 0 These are the names of places.
2:30 ju9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a man.
2:31 e92j 360 men of Benjamin with Abner 0 “360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner.” Abner did not die.
2:31 qxt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 360 men 0 “three hundred and sixty men”
2:31 d81h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Benjamin 0 This phrase means “from the tribe of Benjamin.”
2:32 e5xq took up Asahel 0 Alternate translation: “carried Asahel’s body with them”
2:32 pzw9 the day dawned on them at Hebron 0 Alternate translation: “they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning”
2:31 e92j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession the men of Abner 0 Alternate translation: “the men who followed Abner.”
2:31 d81h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Benjamin 0 This phrase means “the tribe of Benjamin.”
2:32 e5xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took up Asahel 0 Alternate translation: “carried Asahel’s body with them”
3:intro ka39 0 # 2 Samuel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33–34.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nDavid never wanted to hurt Saul’s family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
3:1 sq7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul.
3:1 u6f1 house 0 Here “house” is used to mean “supporters.”
3:1 u6f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house 0 Here “house” is used to mean “family.”
3:1 lag1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor grew stronger and stronger 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased.
3:1 dju3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor grew weaker and weaker 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul’s family decreased.
3:2 w7d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Sons were born to David 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David’s wives gave birth to six sons”
3:2 q2r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahinoam 0 This is the name of a woman, a wife of David.
3:3 j96y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers second son … third 0 These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
3:3 j96y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal second son … third 0 These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
3:3 hxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abigail … Maacah 0 These are women’s names. They are the wives of David.
3:3 hy1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kileab … Nabal … Talmai 0 These are men’s names.
3:4 m8yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fourth son … fifth son 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
3:4 m8yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal fourth son … fifth son 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
3:4 d5td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Adonijah … Shephatiah 0 These are the names of David’s sons.
3:4 ai9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Haggith … Abital 0 These are names of David’s wives.
3:5 nky8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the sixth 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
3:5 nky8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the sixth 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
3:5 n4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ithream 0 This is the name of one of David’s sons.
3:5 ujk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eglah 0 This is the name of one of David’s wives.
3:6 vrd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family.
3:6 n8iu house of Saul 0 This refers to Saul’s family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died.
3:6 fu4e house of David 0 This refers to the supporters of David.
3:6 vrd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent And it happened 0 This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family.
3:6 n8iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Saul 0 This refers to Saul’s family.
3:6 fu4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of David 0 This refers to the supporters of David.
3:6 ahk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul 0 Abner’s increasing power over Saul’s family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul”
3:7 wnw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rizpah … Aiah 0 These are names of women.
3:7 nvs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishbosheth 0 This is a male name, a son of Saul.
3:7 y6er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine? 0 Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!”
3:7 x31p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism gone in to 0 This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with”
3:8 jcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!”
3:8 rjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:8 jcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor!”
3:8 rjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them.
3:8 jb39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of David 0 Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David”
3:8 lub9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? 0 Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. This could mean: (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!”
3:8 lub9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? 0 Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth for questioning his loyalty.
3:9 a45s May God do so to me … and more also, if I do not 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
3:10 h7qr the house of Saul 0 Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul”
3:10 h7qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Saul 0 Here “house” refers to Saul’s family.
3:10 m8b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throne of David 0 This phrase refers to the authority of David as king.
3:12 y24c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants to David 0 Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version.
3:12 alc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Whose land is this? 0 The original text of this question is not clear. This could mean: (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!”
3:12 alc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Whose land is this? 0 Abner asks this question to imply that he did not consider Ishbosheth to rightfully be the king, and that Israel needs a different ruler.
3:12 mm4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my hand is with you 0 Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you”
3:13 r77z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal 0 David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first”
3:13 mks3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Michal 0 This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife.
3:14 x49c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one hundred Philistine foreskins 0 This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their “foreskins.” The “foreskin” is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:15 ch63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took her from her husband 0 Paltiel was Michal’s second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul.
3:15 z1ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Paltiel … Laish 0 These are the names of men.
3:16 uhj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bahurim 0 This is the name of a village.
3:18 js5z Now do it 0 Alternate translation: “So now make David your king”
3:18 js5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Now do it 0 Alternate translation: “So now make David your king”
3:18 iac5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy By the hand of my servant David 0 Here “hand” refers to David’s power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and”
3:18 c3te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the Philistines 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines”
3:18 d2l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of all their enemies 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies”
3:19 qv92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the people of Benjamin … the whole house of Benjamin 0 Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel.
3:20 bp1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty of his men 0 The number of men who came with Abner.
3:21 k2bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all Israel 0 This phrase means “all of the nation of Israel.”
3:21 ej77 So David sent Abner away 0 They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
3:22 x15t plunder 0 These are items taken from the enemy.
3:22 c54e Abner was not with David in Hebron 0 Abner had already left to return home.
3:23 e26m they told Joab 0 Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
3:21 k2bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all Israel 0 This phrase means “all the people of Israel.”
3:21 ej77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish So David sent Abner away 0 They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
3:23 e26m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they told Joab 0 Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
3:23 d2r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul.
3:24 nzs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have you done? 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!”
3:24 ia9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!”
3:25 c3xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know … everything you are doing? 0 Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.”
3:26 v16b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names well of Sirah 0 “Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located.
3:27 w3m9 the middle of the gate 0 This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
3:27 w3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the middle of the gate 0 This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron.
3:27 us2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the blood of Asahel 0 Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel”
3:27 fbb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a male person.
3:28 esw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the blood of Abner 0 Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner”
3:28 kq45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is the name of a man.
3:29 h3l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fall on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house 0 This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father’s house”
3:29 vz8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all his father’s house 0 Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joab’s father”
3:29 l3jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy May there never fail to be 0 This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be”
3:29 l3jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes May there never fail to be 0 This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be”
3:29 lvn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy is killed by the sword 0 Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently”
3:29 wgz1 goes without food 0 Alternate translation: “is hungry”
3:30 x1zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai … Asahel 0 These are the names of men.
3:31 g9pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth 0 These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness.
3:32 d6g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet The king wept and cried loudly 0 The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner.
3:33 aq3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should Abner die as a fool dies? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!”
3:34 b11c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled 0 These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. Alternate translation: “You were in no way a criminal in prison” or “You were completely innocent of doing wrong”
3:33 aq3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should Abner die as a fool dies? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was disgraceful. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!”
3:34 b11c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled 0 These two sentences express similar ideas.
3:34 ni42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your hands were not bound 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands”
3:34 uia7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your feet were not shackled 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains”
3:34 im2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sons of injustice 0 This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men”
3:34 im2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of injustice 0 This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men”
3:35 zt2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole All the people came 0 This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came”
3:35 s8g2 May God do so to me, and more also, if 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
3:35 s8g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula May God do so to me, and more also, if 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
3:37 ax2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is the name of a man.
3:38 z5pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 0 This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3:38 z5pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 0 This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!”
3:38 igj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism fallen 0 Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.”
3:38 wxn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys a prince and a great man 0 These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince”
3:39 e6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 This is the name of a man.
3:39 bw2y are too brutal 0 Alternate translation: “are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
4:intro hm82 0 # 2 Samuel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nWhile the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1–4).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David and Ishbosheth\n\nDavid never sought revenge against Saul’s family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth’s room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWhen two men brought Ishbosheth’s head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
4:1 jmf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishbosheth 0 This is the name of a man.
4:1 jnb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his hands became weak 0 In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
2 front:intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 2 Samuel\n\n1. The first years of David’s reign (1:1–7:29)\n * Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)\n * David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)\n * Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)\n1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)\n1. David’s sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)\n1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)\n1. The later years of David’s reign (15:1–24:25)\n * Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)\n * David’s kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)\n * Famine and warfare (21:1–14)\n * David’s song of praise (22:1–23:7)\n * David’s mighty men (23:8–39)\n * Yahweh judges David’s sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)\n\n### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?\n\nThis book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.\n\nThroughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13–19](../13/01.md)).\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David’s sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIt is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIn 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?\n\nDavid frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “ma’am” in this way.\n\n### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.\n\n### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\n2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42–43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).
3 1:intro la44 0 # 2 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19–27.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) # 2 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19–27.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])\n\n### Parallelism\nDavid's funeral song uses a lot of parallelism, where similar ideas are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
4 1:1 q125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziklag בְּ⁠צִקְלָ֖ג 0 1 This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah.
5 1:2 vci9 v6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction On the third day וּ⁠בְגָדָ֣י⁠ו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ 0 1 “After three days” In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning.
6 1:2 v6vv js3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head וַ⁠יִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָ⁠ה וַ⁠יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ 0 1 In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel.
7 1:2 1:6 js3t uks7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֨יתִי֙ 0 1 This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
8 1:4 1:6 j45j g386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Many have fallen and many are dead שָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑⁠וֹ 0 1 This could mean: (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.” This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear.
9 1:6 1:8 uks7 x88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes By chance I happened to be וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֖⁠י מִי־אָ֑תָּה וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלָ֔י⁠ו עֲמָלֵקִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי 0 1 This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul. These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite”
10 1:6 1:8 g386 nvy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Saul was leaning on his spear עֲמָלֵקִ֖י 0 1 This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
11 1:8 1:9 x88n t8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’ אֲחָזַ֖⁠נִי הַ⁠שָּׁבָ֑ץ 0 1 These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly”
12 1:8 1:9 nvy8 he7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am an Amalekite כָל־ע֥וֹד נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י בִּֽ⁠י 0 1 These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md). This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive”
13 1:9 1:10 t8ly fh71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives great suffering has taken hold of me כִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽחְיֶ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֣י נִפְל֑⁠וֹ 0 1 Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” Alternate translation: “he would die anyway”
14 1:9 1:11 he7b lzf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction life is still in me וַ⁠יַּחֲזֵ֥ק דָּוִ֛ד בִּבְגָדָ֖יו וַ⁠יִּקְרָעֵ֑⁠ם וְ⁠גַ֥ם כָּל־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽ⁠וֹ 0 1 This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive” David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul.
15 1:10 1:12 fh71 j5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet he would not live after he had fallen וְ⁠עַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְ⁠עַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 0 1 Alternate translation: “he would die anyway” Both statements mean basically same thing. Alternate translation: “and for the Israelites soldiers”
16 1:11 1:12 lzf2 dhc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David tore his clothes … the men with him did the same בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 0 1 David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul. The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel.
17 1:12 j5yt h78c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel נָפְל֖וּ בֶּ⁠חָֽרֶב 0 1 Both statements mean basically same thing. The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both “people” and “house” probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “for the Israelite soldiers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Here **fallen** is a polite way of referring to being killed. Alternate translation: “they had died”
18 1:12 v2al oup3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh בֶּ⁠חָֽרֶב 0 1 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. **Sword** represents a battle. Alternate translation: “in battle”
1:12 h78c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they had fallen by the sword 0 Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:13 tje8 Where are you from? 0 The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](../01/08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
19 1:14 f3mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed … hand? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!”
20 1:14 gdq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh’s anointed king 0 This refers to Saul.
21 1:14 llc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with your own hand 0 This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally”
22 1:15 k3ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom struck him down 0 This idiom means “killed him.”
23 1:16 sv2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your blood is on your head Your blood 0 Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “You are responsible for your own death” or “You have caused your own death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Alternate translation: “Your death”
24 1:16 e596 re2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your own mouth has testified against you עַל־רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ 0 1 Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you have testified against yourself” Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “is your fault”
25 1:17 1:16 k1zm ovsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פִ֗י⁠ךָ 0 1 # General Information:\n\nDavid sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan. Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
26 1:18 xw5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Song of the Bow The Bow 0 This was the title of the song.
27 1:18 rz25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background which has been written in the Book of Jashar Look, {it is} written on the Scroll of the Upright 0 This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future.
28 1:18 1:19 h5m5 bch8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the Book of Jashar Your glory 0 The word “Jashar” means “upright.” Alternate translation: “the Book of the Upright” “Your glory” refers to Saul.
29 1:19 bch8 luf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your glory, Israel, is dead the mighty 0 “Your glory” refers to Saul. The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan.
30 1:19 luf3 ihzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty גִבּוֹרִֽים 0 1 The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) This is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”
31 1:19 v53l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism have fallen 0 The word “fallen” here means “died.”
32 1:20 as79 new3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Do not tell it in Gath … do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon Gath … Ashkelon 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
33 1:20 new3 kk6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Gath … Ashkelon the uncircumcised 0 Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan. This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines.
1:20 m8lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism so that the daughters of the Philistines may not rejoice … so that the daughters of the uncircumcised may not celebrate 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song.
1:20 kk6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the daughters of the uncircumcised 0 This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines.
34 1:21 yma7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Mountains of Gilboa 0 David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song.
35 1:21 k9a4 let there not be dew or rain on you 0 David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God’s anointed king.
36 1:21 nbh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the shield of the mighty was defiled 0 The “mighty” here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king’s blood was shed on it. The “mighty” here refers to Saul and Jonathan.
37 1:21 bh3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil 0 Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
38 1:22 i5nk px2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty the sword of Saul did not return empty 0 Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed.
39 1:22 1:23 px2s zvc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes the sword of Saul did not return empty in their death they were not separated 0 Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
1:23 zvc3 in their death they were not separated 0 The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
40 1:23 k29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. 0 Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions.
41 1:24 1:25 b7wi s578 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewels, and who put ornaments of gold on your clothing the mighty 0 “who provided you nice clothes and jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing. Here “mighty” is plural and refers to Saul and Jonathan. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors”
1:25 lw46 How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle 0 This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel’s best warriors are dead. Alternate translation: “The mighty men have died in battle”
1:25 s578 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 0 Here “mighty” is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors”
42 1:25 ap6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism have fallen 0 This is a polite way to say “have died.”
43 1:25 l3rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jonathan is killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan”
44 1:25 i3z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe on your high places 0 David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](../01/21.md). David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [verse 21](../01/21.md).
45 1:26 eg6m my brother Jonathan 0 Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
1:26 l4ln Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women 0 Here “love” is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan’s loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children.
46 2:intro k322 0 # 2 Samuel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul’s son and David.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Civil war\n\nThere was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul’s uncle (Abner) made Saul’s son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab’s brother, but David’s army was victorious.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nAbner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David’s army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
47 2:1 lt47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit After this 0 Alternate translation: “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
48 2:1 ncw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit go up to one of the cities of Judah 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
49 2:2 x7ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit David went up with his two wives 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
50 2:4 jw8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed David king 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king.
51 2:4 gc4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
52 2:4 h1l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead.
53 2:6 c5wi jp9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit this thing 0 # General Information:\n\nDavid speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead. They buried Saul.
2:6 jp9r this thing 0 They buried Saul.
54 2:7 ss4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let your hands be strong 0 Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong”
55 2:7 c3td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed me king 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king.
56 2:8 m5pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner … Ishbosheth 0 These are the names of men.
57 2:8 i3ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim 0 This is the name of a place.
58 2:9 e9wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gilead … Jezreel 0 These are the names of places.
59 2:10 fb37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of Judah followed David 0 Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king”
60 2:10 kz8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
61 2:12 t3hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abner … Ner … Ishbosheth … Saul 0 These are the names of men.
62 2:13 n2wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 This is the name of a man.
63 2:16 ni8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they fell down together 0 This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died”
65 2:17 gm4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The battle was very severe that day 0 It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day”
66 2:18 smv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah … Joab … Abishai … Asahel 0 These are the names of men.
67 2:18 n11n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle 0 Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast”
68 2:18 aak9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown wild gazelle 0 This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
2:19 mmf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abner 0 This is the name of a man.
2:19 j8wb followed him without turning away in any direction 0 Here “without turning away” is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner’s path. Alternate translation: “followed him wherever he went”
69 2:20 jd6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a man.
70 2:21 we6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn aside to your right or to your left … turn aside 0 Alternate translation: “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
71 2:21 2:22 ck9f mpv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion seize one of the young men and take his armor Why should I strike you to the ground? 0 Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. Alternate translation: “fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder” This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you”
72 2:22 mpv8 k44v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should I strike you to the ground? How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? 0 This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab”
73 2:22 k44v phr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? hold up my face to Joab 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means to look someone in the eye without guilt or negative emotions.
74 2:23 y5pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turn aside 0 This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
2:23 eb53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the blunt end of his spear 0 This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him.
75 2:24 dk79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai 0 This is the name of a man.
76 2:24 ja3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names hill of Ammah … Giah 0 These are the names of places.
77 2:26 w79x bju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Abner called Must the sword devour forever? 0 Alternate translation: “Abner shouted” or “Abner yelled” This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.”
78 2:26 bju9 vzq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Must the sword devour forever? sword 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here “sword” refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here “sword” refers to the fighting.
79 2:26 ukm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? 0 This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here “bitter” is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!”
80 2:26 e6un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers? 0 This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here “brother” is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!”
81 2:27 2:26 yh65 vx56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Just as God lives brother 0 This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say” Here “brother” is used to represent fellow Israelites.
82 2:27 yh65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula Just as God lives 0 This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
83 2:27 gze5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if you had not said that … pursued their brothers until the morning 0 This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab.
84 2:28 qt3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit blew the trumpet 0 Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances.
85 2:28 zk88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy did not pursue Israel Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers” Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers”
86 2:29 g9ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arabah … Mahanaim Mahanaim 0 These are the names of places.
87 2:30 ju9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a man.
88 2:31 e92j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession 360 men of Benjamin with Abner the men of Abner 0 “360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner.” Abner did not die. Alternate translation: “the men who followed Abner.”
89 2:31 qxt6 d81h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 360 men Benjamin 0 “three hundred and sixty men” This phrase means “the tribe of Benjamin.”
90 2:31 2:32 d81h e5xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit of Benjamin took up Asahel 0 This phrase means “from the tribe of Benjamin.” Alternate translation: “carried Asahel’s body with them”
2:32 e5xq took up Asahel 0 Alternate translation: “carried Asahel’s body with them”
2:32 pzw9 the day dawned on them at Hebron 0 Alternate translation: “they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning”
91 3:intro ka39 0 # 2 Samuel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33–34.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nDavid never wanted to hurt Saul’s family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
92 3:1 sq7q u6f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Now house 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. Here “house” is used to mean “family.”
3:1 u6f1 house 0 Here “house” is used to mean “supporters.”
93 3:1 lag1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor grew stronger and stronger 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased.
94 3:1 dju3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor grew weaker and weaker 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul’s family decreased.
95 3:2 w7d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Sons were born to David 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David’s wives gave birth to six sons”
96 3:2 q2r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahinoam 0 This is the name of a woman, a wife of David.
97 3:3 j96y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal second son … third 0 These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
98 3:3 hxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abigail … Maacah 0 These are women’s names. They are the wives of David.
99 3:3 hy1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kileab … Nabal … Talmai 0 These are men’s names.
100 3:4 m8yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal fourth son … fifth son 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
101 3:4 d5td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Adonijah … Shephatiah 0 These are the names of David’s sons.
102 3:4 ai9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Haggith … Abital 0 These are names of David’s wives.
103 3:5 nky8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the sixth 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
104 3:5 n4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ithream 0 This is the name of one of David’s sons.
105 3:5 ujk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eglah 0 This is the name of one of David’s wives.
106 3:6 vrd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about And it happened 0 This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family.
107 3:6 n8iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Saul 0 This refers to Saul’s family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died. This refers to Saul’s family.
108 3:6 fu4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of David 0 This refers to the supporters of David.
109 3:6 ahk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul 0 Abner’s increasing power over Saul’s family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul”
110 3:7 wnw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rizpah … Aiah 0 These are names of women.
111 3:7 nvs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishbosheth 0 This is a male name, a son of Saul.
112 3:7 y6er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine? 0 Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!”
113 3:7 x31p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism gone in to 0 This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with”
114 3:8 jcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor!”
115 3:8 rjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them.
116 3:8 jb39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of David 0 Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David”
117 3:8 lub9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? 0 Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. This could mean: (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth for questioning his loyalty.
118 3:9 a45s May God do so to me … and more also, if I do not 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
119 3:10 h7qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Saul 0 Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul” Here “house” refers to Saul’s family.
120 3:10 m8b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throne of David 0 This phrase refers to the authority of David as king.
121 3:12 y24c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants to David 0 Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version.
122 3:12 alc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Whose land is this? 0 The original text of this question is not clear. This could mean: (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” Abner asks this question to imply that he did not consider Ishbosheth to rightfully be the king, and that Israel needs a different ruler.
123 3:12 mm4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my hand is with you 0 Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you”
124 3:13 r77z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal 0 David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first”
125 3:13 mks3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Michal 0 This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife.
3:14 x49c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one hundred Philistine foreskins 0 This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their “foreskins.” The “foreskin” is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
126 3:15 ch63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took her from her husband 0 Paltiel was Michal’s second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul.
127 3:15 z1ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Paltiel … Laish 0 These are the names of men.
128 3:16 uhj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bahurim 0 This is the name of a village.
129 3:18 js5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Now do it 0 Alternate translation: “So now make David your king”
130 3:18 iac5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy By the hand of my servant David 0 Here “hand” refers to David’s power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and”
131 3:18 c3te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the Philistines 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines”
132 3:18 d2l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of all their enemies 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies”
133 3:19 qv92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the people of Benjamin … the whole house of Benjamin 0 Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel.
134 3:20 3:21 bp1a k2bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy twenty of his men all Israel 0 The number of men who came with Abner. This phrase means “all the people of Israel.”
135 3:21 k2bu ej77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish all Israel So David sent Abner away 0 This phrase means “all of the nation of Israel.” They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
136 3:21 3:23 ej77 e26m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns So David sent Abner away they told Joab 0 They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner. Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
3:22 x15t plunder 0 These are items taken from the enemy.
3:22 c54e Abner was not with David in Hebron 0 Abner had already left to return home.
3:23 e26m they told Joab 0 Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
137 3:23 d2r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul.
138 3:24 nzs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have you done? 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!”
139 3:24 ia9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!”
140 3:25 c3xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know … everything you are doing? 0 Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.”
141 3:26 v16b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names well of Sirah 0 “Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located.
142 3:27 w3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the middle of the gate 0 This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner. This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron.
143 3:27 us2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the blood of Asahel 0 Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel”
144 3:27 fbb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a male person.
145 3:28 esw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the blood of Abner 0 Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner”
146 3:28 kq45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is the name of a man.
147 3:29 h3l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fall on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house 0 This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father’s house”
148 3:29 vz8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all his father’s house 0 Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joab’s father”
149 3:29 l3jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes May there never fail to be 0 This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be”
150 3:29 lvn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy is killed by the sword 0 Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently”
3:29 wgz1 goes without food 0 Alternate translation: “is hungry”
151 3:30 x1zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai … Asahel 0 These are the names of men.
152 3:31 g9pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth 0 These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness.
153 3:32 d6g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet The king wept and cried loudly 0 The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner.
154 3:33 aq3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should Abner die as a fool dies? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!” This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was disgraceful. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!”
155 3:34 b11c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled 0 These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. Alternate translation: “You were in no way a criminal in prison” or “You were completely innocent of doing wrong” These two sentences express similar ideas.
156 3:34 ni42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your hands were not bound 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands”
157 3:34 uia7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your feet were not shackled 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains”
158 3:34 im2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of injustice 0 This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men”
159 3:35 zt2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole All the people came 0 This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came”
160 3:35 s8g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula May God do so to me, and more also, if 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
161 3:37 ax2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is the name of a man.
162 3:38 z5pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 0 This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!”
163 3:38 igj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism fallen 0 Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.”
164 3:38 wxn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys a prince and a great man 0 These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince”
165 3:39 e6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 This is the name of a man.
3:39 bw2y are too brutal 0 Alternate translation: “are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
166 4:intro hm82 0 # 2 Samuel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nWhile the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1–4).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David and Ishbosheth\n\nDavid never sought revenge against Saul’s family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth’s room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWhen two men brought Ishbosheth’s head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
167 4:1 jmf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishbosheth 0 This is the name of a man.
168 4:1 jnb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his hands became weak 0 In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength”

146
tn_DEU.tsv
View File

@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
1:4 xfh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַכֹּת֗⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat Sihon and Og under Moses' leadership. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat”
1:4 fivx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַכֹּת֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **he** refers back to Moses in verse 3. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Moses defeated”
1:4 mpn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The words **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** are the names of cities.
1:4 e5t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The implication is that King Og ruled over both **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei**. **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** were cities that are close to each other. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in Ashtaroth and in Edrei”
1:4 e5t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The implication is that King Og ruled over both **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei**. **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** were cities that were close to each other. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in Ashtaroth and in Edrei”
1:5 juo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
1:5-6 t7y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַ⁠תּוֹרָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את לֵ⁠אמֹֽר׃ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛י⁠נוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵ֖י⁠נוּ בְּ⁠חֹרֵ֣ב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses began explaining the law. This is what Yahweh God said to his people at Horeb,”
1:6 s8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive אֵלֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 Moses is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and every Israelite who was an adult when they were at Horeb, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “to me and to your ancestors”
1:7 l6np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּנ֣וּ ׀ וּ⁠סְע֣וּ לָ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 Here, the word **Turn** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Start your journey”
1:7 cwjt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וּ⁠סְע֣וּ לָ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 The expression **and journey yourselves** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “and journey”
1:7 cqqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁכֵנָי⁠ו֒ 1 Here, **neighbors** refers to any people groups in the nearby areas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people groups near them”
1:8 bp4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֛ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say:”
1:8 tgax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represent the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
1:17 wjfu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֗ט & הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֖ט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the legal case … the result of the legal case”
1:17 p5iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תִּשְׁמָע֔וּ⁠ן & תַּקְרִב֥וּ⁠ן 1 Here, the forms of **hear** and **bring** are not commands, but Moses is using the forms to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “hear … bring”
1:17 tw6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּשְׁמָע֔וּ⁠ן 1 The implication is that the judges will **hear** legal cases. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you should hear legal cases”
1:17 l3vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism כַּ⁠קָּטֹ֤ן כַּ⁠גָּדֹל֙ 1 Here, **small** and **great** refer to all of the Israelites by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all Israelites alike”
1:17 l3vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism כַּ⁠קָּטֹ֤ן כַּ⁠גָּדֹל֙ 1 Here, **small** and **great** refer to all of the Israelites by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of Israelite society. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all Israelites alike”
1:17 tl9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כַּ⁠קָּטֹ֤ן כַּ⁠גָּדֹל֙ 1 Moses is using the adjectives **small** and **great** as nouns to mean small people and great people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “small people and great people”
1:17 zbxp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹ֤א תָג֨וּרוּ֙ מִ⁠פְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵ⁠אלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The judgment, it is before God, so you shall not be afraid from the face of man”
1:17 jze3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠פְּנֵי 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
@ -937,72 +938,81 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
7:26 b8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛⁠נּוּ וְ⁠תַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 The terms **detest** and **abhor** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “You shall completely and utterly detest it”
7:26 eeub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛⁠נּוּ וְ⁠תַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 The phrases **utterly detest** and **utterly abhor** translate verbs that are repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
7:26 xs75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because”
8:intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Forgetting\n\nThis chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
8:1 rbf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:1 zvt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You must keep … you may live and multiply, and go in and possess … your fathers 0 All instances of “you” and “your” and the verbs are plural.
8:2 t2tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom You will call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember”
8:2 c56q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 Alternate translation: “40 years”
8:2 a9m6 he might humble you 0 Alternate translation: “he might show you how weak and sinful you are”
8:2 l3al to know 0 Alternate translation: “to reveal” or “to show”
8:2 y8fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what was in your heart 0 The heart is a symbol of a person’s character. Alternate translation: “what kind of people you are” or “how you would behave”
8:3 aiu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. He continues to remind them of what they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)).
8:3 upj2 He humbled you 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh showed you how weak and sinful you are.” See how “he might humble you” is translated in [Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md).
8:3 ygr4 fed you with manna 0 Alternate translation: “gave you manna to eat”
8:3 t9be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche it is not by bread alone that people live 0 Here “bread” represents all food. Alternate translation: “food is not the only thing people need so they can live”
8:3 d9as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live 0 Here “the mouth of Yahweh” is a metonym for the words that Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live” or “people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live”
8:4 b3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:4 pr86 Your clothing … forty years 0 This is the last item that they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)).
8:4 d347 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 Alternate translation: “40 years”
8:5 fty1 You will think … God disciplines you 0 This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md).
8:5 fn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will think about in your heart 0 Here the metonym “heart” represents the thoughts and understanding of a person. Alternate translation: “You will understand”
8:6 j5yw You will keep … honor him 0 This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md).
8:7 y2tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:7 jl8h a land of 0 Alternate translation: “a land with” or “a land that has”
8:9 gx2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:9 s4ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes a land in which you will eat bread without lack 0 This litotes can be translated positively. Alternate translation: “a land where there will be plenty of food for you”
8:9 s966 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives where you will not go without anything 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “where you will have everything you need”
8:9 dyk2 stones are made of iron 0 The stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows.
8:9 q74l dig copper 0 Alternate translation: “mine copper.” Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils.
8:10 cat4 You will eat and be full 0 Alternate translation: “You will have enough food to eat until you are full”
8:10 ac1j you will bless 0 Alternate translation: “you will praise” or “you will give thanks to”
8:11 i252 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:12 g242 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse describes the first two items of a list of five things that might make the Israelites forget about Yahweh (verse 11): “when you eat and are full” and “when you build good houses.”
8:12 eyd5 when you eat and are full 0 Alternate translation: “when you have enough food to eat”
8:12 ft1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart will be lifted up 0 Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. Alternate translation: “you will become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:13 vg4r Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse describes the last three of the five things that might cause them to forget Yahweh. The first two are “you eat and are full” and “you build good houses and live in them” ([Deuteronomy 8:12](./12.md)). The last three are “when your herds and flocks multiply,” “when your silver and gold increase,” and “all that you have is multiplied.”
8:13 yd2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:13 tyu1 your herds and flocks 0 Alternate translation: “your herds of cattle and flocks of sheep and goats”
8:13 hl2t multiply 0 increase greatly in number
8:13 ax24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all that you have is multiplied 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have many more things” or “you have many more possessions”
8:14 rus3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse contains the first two of three items Moses warns the people to be careful of ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)): that “your heart becomes lifted up” and “you forget Yahweh your God.” It then lists the first of four characteristics of Yahweh that they need to remember, that Yahweh “brought you out of the land of Egypt.”
8:14 en28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart becomes lifted up 0 Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “you become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:14 a2g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish who brought you out 0 Moses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh.
8:14 k1uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor out of the house of bondage 0 This is a metaphor for the time they were slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves”
8:15 p6ka Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse gives the second and third items in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)). the second that he led them “through the … wilderness,” and the third that he “brought … water out of the rock.”
8:15 x3kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:15 c4zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish 0 Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)).
8:15 da8e who led … who brought 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who led … Yahweh, who brought”
8:15 nlk7 fiery serpents 0 Alternate translation: “poisonous snakes”
8:15 x91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification thirsty ground 0 This phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. Alternate translation: “dry ground”
8:16 uzq3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the fourth item in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)), the second that he led them “through the … wilderness” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)), and the third that he “brought … water out of the rock” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)).
8:16 crk4 He fed 0 Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). “Yahweh fed”
8:16 q464 to do you good 0 Alternate translation: “to help you” or “because it would be good for you”
8:17 uf8j Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the third item in the list of things that Yahweh warns the Israelites that they might do ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)), the first being “your heart becomes lifted up” and the second being “you forget Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)).
8:17 sd9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy but you may say in your heart 0 This is the third thing the people might do when their hearts “become lifted up” and they “forget Yahweh” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s innermost thoughts. Alternate translation: “but you may think to yourself”
8:17 g2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth 0 Here “hand” refers to a man’s power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability”
8:18 ftx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:18 nl2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom But you will call to mind 0 This idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember”
8:18 g9fc that he may establish 0 This could mean: (1) “in this way he establishes” or (2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.”
8:18 i5v9 that he may 0 Alternate translation: “so he can”
8:18 axw6 establish 0 cause to stand or to remain
8:18 in9j as it is today 0 Alternate translation: “as he is doing now” or “as he is establishing his covenant now”
8:19 sdv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walk after other gods 0 Walking is a metaphor for obeying. Alternate translation: “serve other gods”
8:19 u2bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you against you … you will 0 These instances of “you” are plural.
8:19 rd16 I testify against you 0 Alternate translation: “I warn you” or “I tell you in front of witnesses”
8:19 umv6 you will surely perish 0 Alternate translation: “you will certainly die”
8:20 d86j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you before you … you perish … you would not … your God 0 All these instances of “you” and “your” are plural.
8:20 a8kh before you 0 Alternate translation: “in front of you”
8:20 l83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy would not listen to the voice of Yahweh 0 Here “the voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh tells his people to do. Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s commandments”
8:intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes\n\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-10: Moses reminds the Israelites of Yahweh’s provision for them in the desert\n- vv. 11-20: Moses warns the Israelites to remember Yahweh\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Forgetting\n\nThis chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])\n\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\r\n\r\nEven though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, you and your are singular in this chapter unless otherwise noted. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
8:1 zvt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural תִּשְׁמְר֣וּ⁠ן & תִּֽחְי֜וּ⁠ן וּ⁠רְבִיתֶ֗ם וּ⁠בָאתֶם֙ וִֽ⁠ירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם & לַ⁠אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 The words **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
8:1 v0kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys תִּשְׁמְר֣וּ⁠ן לַ⁠עֲשׂ֑וֹת 1 The two words **keep** and **doing** express a single idea. The word **keep** describes the act of doing. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “You shall faithfully do”
8:1 rbf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תִּשְׁמְר֣וּ⁠ן 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Keep”
8:1 s002 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְמַ֨עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what follows as the goal or purpose of what comes before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:1 rje7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּֽחְי֜וּ⁠ן וּ⁠רְבִיתֶ֗ם 1 The implication is that the Israelites will continue to **live** in the land and **multiply** in number through births if they obey Yahweh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you may live in the land for the rest of your lives and multiply your population”
8:1 s775 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לַ⁠אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. The fact that Yahweh will give the land to the living Israelites is implied by what Moses said earlier in this speech. You could supply these words from earlier in the passage if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh swore to your fathers that he would give to you”
8:2 t2tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠זָכַרְתָּ֣ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And remember”
8:2 z13w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־הַ⁠דֶּ֗רֶךְ 1 Here, **all the way** represents everything that the Israelites saw, heard, and experienced during the time they were in the wilderness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everything that happened on the journey that”
8:2 mfgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְמַ֨עַן & לְ⁠נַסֹּֽתְ⁠ךָ֗ לָ⁠דַ֜עַת 1 Here, the words **so that** and **to** mark humbling, testing, and knowing as the goal or purpose of remembering Yahweh. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:2 ifes rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁ֧ר בִּֽ⁠לְבָבְ⁠ךָ֛ 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s inner being and will. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what you would do”
8:3 dd7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּֽאֲכִֽלְ⁠ךָ֤ אֶת הַ⁠מָּן֙ 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 16](Exo/16/01.md). The Israelites complained that there was no food in the wilderness, so Yahweh performed a miracle by sending them food from heaven. This food was called **manna**.
8:3 ygr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וַ⁠יַּֽאֲכִֽלְ⁠ךָ֤ אֶת הַ⁠מָּן֙ 1 This does not mean that Yahweh personally fed the Israelites like a mother would feed her infant. What Moses means is that Yahweh sent manna from heaven for the Israelites to eat. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “and gave you manna to eat”
8:3 qz4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo לֹא־יָדַ֔עְתָּ וְ⁠לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ⁠ן אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 The expression **you had not known and your fathers had not known** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “you and your fathers had not known”
8:3 mxq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יָדַ֔עְתָּ וְ⁠לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ⁠ן אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here **known** means “known about” or “heard of.” Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “you had not heard of and your fathers had not heard of”
8:3 drbh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹדִֽעֲ⁠ךָ֗ 1 Here **know** means “understand” or “learn.”Moses is speaking as if knowing something were the same as understanding it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he might make you understand”
8:3 mrld rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הָֽ⁠אָדָ֔ם & הָ⁠אָדָֽם 1 In this verse, the word **man** is singular in form, but it refers to all human beings as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “humankind … humankind”
8:3 t9be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠לֶּ֤חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “meals”
8:3 d9as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־מוֹצָ֥א פִֽי־יְהוָ֖ה 1 Here, **mouth** represents the act of speaking, and **everything coming out** represents the words of commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everything that Yahweh commands”
8:4 pr86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שִׂמְלָ֨תְ⁠ךָ֜ לֹ֤א בָֽלְתָה֙ מֵֽ⁠עָלֶ֔י⁠ךָ וְ⁠רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֖ לֹ֣א בָצֵ֑קָה זֶ֖ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה 1 The implication is that Yahweh protected and provided for the Israelites so that their **clothing did not wear out** and their **feet did not swell up**, even though they walked for **40 years** in the wilderness. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protected you and provided for you so that your clothing did not wear out from upon you, and your feet did not swell up these 40 years when you walked through the wilderness”
8:4 gmq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שִׂמְלָ֨תְ⁠ךָ֜ לֹ֤א בָֽלְתָה֙ מֵֽ⁠עָלֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 The expression **Your clothing did not wear out from upon you** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “Your clothing did not wear out”
8:5 fty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠יָדַעְתָּ֖ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And know”
8:5 cb6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יָדַעְתָּ֖ עִם־לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here the expression **know with your heart** means “think about” or “reflect on.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall reflect on”
8:5 feb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns יְיַסֵּ֥ר אִישׁ֙ אֶת־בְּנ֔⁠וֹ 1 In this verse, the words **man** and **son** are singular in form, but refer to all parents and children as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “a parent instructs a child”
8:6 j5yw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠שָׁ֣מַרְתָּ֔ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And keep”
8:6 agya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ⁠לֶ֥כֶת בִּ⁠דְרָכָ֖י⁠ו 1 Here, **walk in his ways** means “obey him.” Moses is speaking of Yahweh if people were physically walking in his footsteps. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to obey him”
8:7 ql1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go מְבִֽיאֲ⁠ךָ֖ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “taking” instead of **bringing**. Alternate translation: “is taking you”
8:7 jl8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶ֚רֶץ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **land** that has the features that follow. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable way of expressing landmarks. Alternate translation: “a land that has”
8:7 p6ox rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נַ֣חֲלֵי מָ֔יִם עֲיָנֹת֙ וּ⁠תְהֹמֹ֔ת יֹצְאִ֥ים בַּ⁠בִּקְעָ֖ה וּ⁠בָ⁠הָֽר 1 The implication is that water came up from under the ground in the mountains. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “brooks of water, fountains, and springs pouring out of the mountains”
8:7 yjhj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נַ֣חֲלֵי מָ֔יִם עֲיָנֹת֙ וּ⁠תְהֹמֹ֔ת 1 Here, **brooks of water, fountains, and springs** are all types of flowing bodies of water. If your language does not have this distinction between bodies of water, you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “rivers”
8:8 a63l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶ֤רֶץ & אֶֽרֶץ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **land** that produces certain types of crops. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable way of expressing the fertility of land. Alternate translation: “a land that can produce … a land that can produce”
8:9 gx2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹ֤א בְ⁠מִסְכֵּנֻת֙ תֹּֽאכַל־בָּ֣⁠הּ לֶ֔חֶם 1 The expression **where you will eat in it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “where you will eat bread with no scarcity”
8:9 ej64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶ֔חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
7:25 kbbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶ֔חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents _____. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “text”
8:9 s4ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֤א בְ⁠מִסְכֵּנֻת֙ 1 Moses is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **no**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “in abundance”
8:9 s966 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹֽא־תֶחְסַ֥ר כֹּ֖ל בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Moses is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “everything in it will be sufficient for you”
8:9 q74l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲבָנֶ֣י⁠הָ בַרְזֶ֔ל וּ⁠מֵ⁠הֲרָרֶ֖י⁠הָ תַּחְצֹ֥ב נְחֹֽשֶׁת 1 The implication is that one can **dig** (as in, mine) for **iron** and **copper** ore in the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “its stones are iron ore, and from the hills you may mine copper ore”
8:9 hcno rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נְחֹֽשֶׁת 1 Here, the word **copper** refers to a soft metal used for making tools and other utensils. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of metal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “soft metal”
8:11 i252 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן 1 Moses uses the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case”
8:12 eyd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases פֶּן 1 Moses uses the word **lest** to continue the hypothetical condition from the previous verse. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “especially when”
8:14 w1qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠רָ֖ם לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 In this verse, Moses gives the negative consequences that could happen as a result of the previous verses. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “so that your heart is lifted up”
8:14 ft1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠רָ֖ם לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **your heart is lifted up** is an idiom that means “you become proud.” The **heart** represents a person’s inner being. Height represents pride, so a **lifted up** heart is a proud heart. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you look down on everyone” or “and you become conceited”
8:14 k1uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים 1 Yahweh speaks of Egypt as if it were a **house** where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](Exo/13/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves”
8:14 rxto rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲבָדִֽים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you can express the idea behind slavery in another way. Alternative translation: “forced labor”
8:15 c4zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָ֗א 1 The implication is that the wilderness causes terror because it is dangerous. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. See how you translated this in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “and unsafe”
8:15 tvbq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ וְ⁠עַקְרָ֔ב 1 In this verse, the words **serpent** and **scorpion** are singular in form, but it refers to all serpents and scorpions in the wilderness as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “fiery serpents and scorpions”
8:15 anyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ 1 This phrase begins a list of the “great and terrible” things that the Israelites encountered in the wilderness. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “which had”
8:15 nlk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ 1 Here **fiery serpents** could mean that: (1) the venom from the bite of the serpents causes burning, **fiery** pain. Alternate translation: “poisonous snakes” (2) the serpents are some unknown creature who physically emit fire. Alternate translation: “burning serpents”
8:15 ulph rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠עַקְרָ֔ב 1 A **scorpion** is a poisonous creature that crawls on the ground, similar to a spider. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of poisonous creature, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and poisonous creature”
8:15 x91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠צִמָּא֖וֹן 1 The implication is that the **ground** was **thirsty** because the region was dry and there was very little rain there. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and waterless ground”
8:15 o73b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מּוֹצִ֤יא לְ⁠ךָ֙ מַ֔יִם מִ⁠צּ֖וּר הַֽ⁠חַלָּמִֽישׁ 1 This refers to the events of [Numbers 20:2-13](Num/20/02.md), when Yahweh broke open a rock and caused water to pour out of the rock. The Israelites complained that they had no water, so Yahweh performed this miracle for them.
8:15 u2yq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠צּ֖וּר הַֽ⁠חַלָּמִֽישׁ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **rock** that has the qualities of **flint**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe hard rock. Alternate translation: “from the flinty rock”
8:15 nfhg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִ⁠צּ֖וּר הַֽ⁠חַלָּמִֽישׁ 1 Here the word **flint** refers to a hard, solid type of rock that can be used to ignite fires. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of rock, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “from the rock that was firm”
8:16 yy96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ⁠ךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 16](Exo/16/01.md). The Israelites complained that there was no food in the wilderness to eat, so Yahweh performed a miracle by sending them food from heaven. This food was called **manna**.
8:16 v6au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish הַ⁠מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ⁠ךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר 1 This does not mean that Yahweh personally **fed** the Israelites like a mother would feed her infant. What Moses means is that Yahweh sent manna from heaven for the Israelites to eat. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “and gave you manna to eat”
8:16 bac9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ⁠ן אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here **known** means “known about” or “heard of.” Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “your fathers had not heard of”
8:16 sq5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֣עַן & וּ⁠לְמַ֨עַן֙ 1 Here, **so that** marks “he might humble you” and “he might test you, to do you good” as the goal or purpose of “He fed you manna”. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:16 obvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠אַחֲרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that Yahweh would “do good” to the Israelites at the **end** of all the testing and trials they experienced. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “at the end of all the testing”
8:17 nrx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֖ בִּ⁠לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ כֹּחִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠עֹ֣צֶם יָדִ֔⁠י עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖⁠י אֶת־הַ⁠חַ֥יִל הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “And you will say in your heart that your power and the might of your hand made for you this wealth.”
8:17 sd9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֖ בִּ⁠לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **say in your heart** is an idiom that means “think” or “say to yourself.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “And you think”
8:17 g2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יָדִ֔⁠י 1 Here “hand” represents someone’s power or ability. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my own ability”
8:17 jvrn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠חַ֥יִל הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 Here, **this wealth** refers to all the good things that Moses listed in [verses 7-10](../08/07.md) and [12-13](../08/12.md). You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this prosperity and all these possessions”
8:18 ftx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠זָֽכַרְתָּ֙ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And remember”
8:18 g9fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֨עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks “he may establish his covenant” as the goal or purpose of “gives you power to make wealth”. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:18 i5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָקִ֧ים אֶת־בְּרִית֛⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh will only **establish**, or fulfill, his promises to bless the Israelites if the Israelites fulfill their promises in the **covenant**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “he may fulfill his covenant”
8:18 y2wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your forefathers”
8:18 in9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 The implication is that, at the time that Moses is speaking to the Israelites, Yahweh is establishing his covenant. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as he is doing now”
8:19 w9hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication שָׁכֹ֤חַ תִּשְׁכַּח֙ & אָבֹ֖ד תֹּאבֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 Moses is repeating the verbs **forget** and **perish** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “you indeed forget … you will indeed perish”
8:19 sdv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הָֽלַכְתָּ֗ אַחֲרֵי֙ 1 Here, **walk after** means “worship.” Moses is speaking of worshipping idols as if people were physically walking behind idols to follow them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and worship”
8:19 aakp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural וַ⁠עֲבַדְתָּ֖⁠ם וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֣יתָ & בָ⁠כֶם֙ & תֹּאבֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 The words **you** here and in the verbs are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
8:19 rd16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas הַעִדֹ֤תִי בָ⁠כֶם֙ 1 The phrase **I testify against you** is an oath formula used as a strong warning. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong warning. Alternate translation: “I warn you”
8:20 d86j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם & תֹאבֵד֑וּ⁠ן & תִשְׁמְע֔וּ⁠ן & אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 The words **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
8:20 a8kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here, the word **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
8:20 l9hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֔וּ⁠ן בְּ⁠ק֖וֹל 1 Here the word **listen** means to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you would not obey the voice of”
8:20 l83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠ק֖וֹל 1 Here, **voice** represents the words that Yahweh spoke, which include his commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the words of”
9:intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThis chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Israel’s sin\nYahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.
9:1 iqh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
9:1 wy46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Hear, Israel 0 The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Listen, people of Israel”

Can't render this file because it is too large.