From 45c43e9edcd8d86c256ae287a7049aba9e35155a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Grant_Ailie Date: Thu, 10 Dec 2020 22:17:52 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Grant_Ailie-tc-create-1 (#1574) Edit 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Created 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1574 --- en_tn_31-OBA.tsv | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv b/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv index 9d2f1734e2..004215cc4c 100644 --- a/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote OBA front intro jrz8 0 # Introduction to Obadiah
## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of the Book of Obadiah

1. Yahweh will judge Edom (1:1-16)
- Yahweh will destroy Edom (1:1–9)
- Why Yahweh will destroy Edom (1:10–14)
1. Yahweh will judge the nations (1:15–16)
1. Yahweh will deliver his people (1:17–21)

### What is the Book of Obadiah about?

After Babylon destroyed Jerusalem, the Edomites captured fleeing Jews. Then they gave these Jews over to Babylon. The Book of Obadiah is about Yahweh judging the Edomites for harming his people. This book would be comforting to the exiled people of Judah.

### How should the title of this book be translated?

This book is traditionally titled “The Book of Obadiah” or just “Obadiah.” Translators may decide to use a clearer title such as “The Sayings of Obadiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

### Who wrote the Book of Obadiah?

The prophet Obadiah probably wrote this book. We know nothing more about Obadiah. His name in Hebrew means “Servant of Yahweh.”

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### What was Edom’s relationship to Israel?

Obadiah referred to Edom as Israel’s brother. This is because the Edomites descended from Esau, and the Israelites descended from Jacob. Jacob and Esau were brothers. This made Edom's betrayal of Israel much worse.

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### How do I translate the concept of “pride”?

The Book of Obadiah speaks of the pride of Edom. This meant that the Edomites thought their enemies or Yahweh could not defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proud]]) -OBA 1 1 xm1w figs-metaphor חֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 The vision of Obadiah This is the title of the book. Here “vision” is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received that message. “Vision” here is a metaphor for a way of getting knowledge from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternate translation: “The message that God gave to Obadiah” or “The prophecy of Obadiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +OBA 1 1 xm1w figs-metaphor חֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 The vision of Obadiah This is the title of the book. Here **vision** is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received that message. **Vision** here is a metaphor for a way of getting knowledge from God. Alternate translation: “The message that God gave to Obadiah” or “The prophecy of Obadiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 1 jdr1 translate-names עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 Obadiah Some English translations call the prophet Abdias, but Obadiah is the form of his name most commonly used in English. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) OBA 1 1 sv9x כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨⁠י יְהוִ֜ה לֶ⁠אֱד֗וֹם 1 thus says my Lord Yahweh concerning Edom This tells the reader that the entire book is a message about Edom. OBA 1 1 s7if translate-names יְהוִ֜ה 1 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) OBA 1 1 jdr3 figs-metonymy לֶ⁠אֱד֗וֹם 1 concerning Edom The people are being described by the name of something closely associated with them, the land they live in. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -OBA 1 1 jdr5 figs-pronouns שְׁמוּעָ֨ה שָׁמַ֜עְנוּ 1 We have heard a report You could translate this “I have heard” to show that Obadiah is speaking as one person among the many in the nations around Edom who have heard Yahweh’s message. Another alternative: “Yahweh our God has told me this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -OBA 1 1 jdr7 figs-activepassive וְ⁠צִיר֙…שֻׁלָּ֔ח 1 and a messenger has been sent off You can use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have sent a messenger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -OBA 1 1 r27r figs-explicit וְ⁠צִיר֙…שֻׁלָּ֔ח 1 and a messenger has been sent off You could specify who sent the messenger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent a messenger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +OBA 1 1 jdr5 figs-pronouns שְׁמוּעָ֨ה שָׁמַ֜עְנוּ 1 We have heard a report You could translate this “I have heard” to show that Obadiah is speaking as one person among the many in the nations around Edom who have heard Yahweh’s message. Another alternative: “Yahweh our God has told me this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +OBA 1 1 jdr7 figs-activepassive וְ⁠צִיר֙…שֻׁלָּ֔ח 1 and a messenger has been sent off You can use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +OBA 1 1 r27r figs-explicit וְ⁠צִיר֙…שֻׁלָּ֔ח 1 and a messenger has been sent off You could specify who sent the messenger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 1 jdr9 figs-quotations ק֛וּמוּ וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 Get up! And let us rise up against her for battle! The end of the verse is not spoken by Obadiah himself. Rather, those are the words of Yahweh’s messenger. They can be presented as a quotation with an introductory formula such as “saying,” or as indirect quotation as in UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) OBA 1 1 pez6 figs-idiom ק֛וּמוּ 1 Get up This phrase is used to tell people to get ready, in this case to attack Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -OBA 1 1 c9e2 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 and let us rise up against her “Her” refers to the people of Edom. They are being described again by reference to something closely associated with them, their land. Alternate translation: “against the people of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle You could translate the abstract noun “battle” with a verb. Alternate translation: “to attack her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +OBA 1 1 c9e2 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 and let us rise up against her “Her” refers to the people of Edom. They are being described again by reference to something closely associated with them, their land. Alternate translation: “against the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle You could translate the abstract noun **battle** with a verb. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) OBA 1 2 cc3h הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Behold, I am making you small The addressee changes here. This is no longer the messenger speaking to the other nations. Yahweh is now speaking directly to Edom. To indicate this, you could add a phrase such as “Yahweh says this to the people of Edom” OBA 1 2 npn6 הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This alerts the people of Edom to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ OBA 1 2 ec8m figs-metaphor קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּ OBA 1 2 ch1u figs-activepassive בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 you are extremely despised You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) OBA 1 3 qpw7 figs-metaphor לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here, the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 3 q6sz בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 in the clefts of the rock This means a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks. -OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person מְר֣וֹם שִׁבְתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 lofty in his dwelling This says “his” as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with “you” as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -OBA 1 3 r5zj figs-123person אֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 he who says in his heart This says “he” and “his,” as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with “you” as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who say in your heart” or “you who say to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person מְר֣וֹם שִׁבְתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 lofty in his dwelling This says **his** as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with **you** as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +OBA 1 3 r5zj figs-123person אֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 he who says in his heart This says **he** and **his,** as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with **you** as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who say in your heart” or “you who say to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) OBA 1 3 jd3r figs-metaphor בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 in his heart Here, the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “say to yourselves” or “think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 3 i2hx figs-rquestion מִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖⁠נִי אָֽרֶץ 1 Who will bring me down to the ground? The question form shows how proud the Edomites were and how safe they felt. Alternate translation: “no one can bring me down to the ground” or “I am safe from all attackers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) OBA 1 4 xn9f figs-parallelism אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 If you make yourself high like the eagle, even if your nest is set between the stars The two expressions have similar meanings. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in slightly different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ OBA 1 8 jd21 figs-explicit חֲכָמִים֙ 1 wise men The original audience w OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding You could translate this abstract noun with a verb by saying, for example, “no one will know what to do any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) OBA 1 8 z8tf figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 from the mountain of Esau Most of the land of Esau was mountainous, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom. This was one of the mountains in Edom. It is sometimes identified with Mount Bozrah. Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of one prominent part of it. Alternate translation: “the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) OBA 1 9 jd25 figs-apostrophe וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ תֵּימָ֑ן 1 And your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman Yahweh stops speaking to the people of Edom and addresses a region of the country, even though it cannot understand him. This shows that Yahweh feels very strongly about what he is saying. (See Apostrophe) Alternate translation: “the soldiers in the army of Edom will become terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -OBA 1 9 qvg3 translate-names תֵּימָ֑ן 1 Teman Teman is the name of a region in the land of Edom. Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by the name of one part of it. (See Synecdoche) Alternate translation: “the soldiers in the army of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/names]]) +OBA 1 9 qvg3 translate-names תֵּימָ֑ן 1 Teman Teman is the name of a region in the land of Edom. Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by the name of one part of it. (See Synecdoche) Alternate translation: “the soldiers in the army of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate-names]]) OBA 1 9 ljv4 grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֧עַן 1 so that There is a cause-and-effect relationship here. The soldiers in the army of Edom will become “dismayed,” that is, they will give up and stop fighting. This will leave everyone else defenseless, and so they will all be destroyed. Alternate translation: “when your army stops fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) OBA 1 9 jd27 figs-metaphor יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man will be cut off **Cut off** here is a metaphor for being killed. The Edomites aren’t actually part of the mountain, but they live there, so it’s as if something is being cut off or taken away from the mountain. Alternate translation: “your enemies will completely destroy all you people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 9 q6s7 figs-activepassive יִכָּֽרֶת 1 will be cut off You could use an active verb form, and you could specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will … destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -59,15 +59,15 @@ OBA 1 9 jd35 figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 from the mountain OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being “cut off” or killed. You could use an adverb to translate it. Alternate translation: “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) OBA 1 10 jd39 figs-metonymy אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ 1 your brother The term **brother** is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 10 ui6g figs-personification יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 Jacob Here the name **Jacob** refers to the people of Judah, who were his descendants. All the people are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you You could use a verb to translate the abstract noun “shame,” and “you” could do the action instead of receiving it. Alternate translation: “you will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you You could use a verb to translate the abstract noun **shame**” and **you** could do the action instead of receiving it. Alternate translation: “you will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) OBA 1 10 f8g6 figs-idiom תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you To be **covered** with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) OBA 1 10 a113 figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ לְ⁠עוֹלָֽם 1 you will be cut off to eternity You could use an active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) OBA 1 10 jd43 figs-explicit וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off You can specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 10 jd45 figs-idiom וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off As in v. 5, this is an idiom for being destroyed. Alternate translation: “destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) OBA 1 11 w6hj figs-metaphor עֲמָֽדְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠נֶּ֔גֶד 1 stood opposite This is a metaphor that gives the picture of a person just standing around and not helping. It figuratively means “did not help him.” You could say that as an Alternate Translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 11 s38y figs-parallelism שְׁב֥וֹת זָרִ֖ים חֵיל֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠נָכְרִ֞ים בָּ֣אוּ שְׁעָרָ֗יו 1 strangers took captive his wealth, and foreigners entered his gates These two phrases mean similar things. They are used together to emphasize that Judah was in a desperate situation. Invading armies were plundering Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -OBA 1 11 rtj8 figs-personification חֵיל֑⁠וֹ…שְׁעָרָ֗יו 1 his wealth...his gates **His** refers to "your brother Jacob” (v. 10), meaning the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -OBA 1 11 jd46 חֵיל֑⁠וֹ 1 his wealth In this context, this Hebrew term could either mean “wealth” or “army” +OBA 1 11 rtj8 figs-personification חֵיל֑⁠וֹ…שְׁעָרָ֗יו 1 his wealth...his gates **His** refers to **your brother Jacob** in verse 10, meaning the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +OBA 1 11 jd46 חֵיל֑⁠וֹ 1 his wealth In this context, this Hebrew term could either mean **wealth** or **army** OBA 1 11 jd47 figs-synecdoche שְׁעָרָ֗יו 1 his gates **Gates** means “city.” The gates, the first part of a city that you would come to, are being used to represent the whole city. Alternate translation: “all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) OBA 1 11 i8sr figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל 1 and cast lots for Jerusalem This is a figurative way of saying that when all the cities of Judah were conquered, Jerusalem was the big prize. If something is so special that everybody wants to have it and you can't divide it up, you cast lots for it. Alternate translation: “they even plundered Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 11 s4y1 figs-explicit גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה כְּ⁠אַחַ֥ד מֵ⁠הֶֽם 1 you also were like one of them Alternate translation: “you were just as bad as those foreigners, because you did nothing to help.” The people of Edom did not do exactly the same things as the “strangers” and “foreigners” did. You could use the alternate translation to explain how the people of Edom were still “like” them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ OBA 1 12 b6h1 figs-personification בְּ⁠י֣וֹם נָכְר֔⁠וֹ 1 on OBA 1 12 f7lt figs-gendernotations לִ⁠בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה 1 over the sons of Judah Here, the word **sons** does not refer only to men. It means all the descendants of Jacob’s son Judah, and more broadly all the Israelites from a number of different tribes who had come to live in the kingdom of Judah at this time. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) OBA 1 12 lxg7 figs-idiom וְ⁠אַל־תַּגְדֵּ֥ל פִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 And you should not have made your mouth great This is an idiom for bragging. Alternate translation: “you should not have boasted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) OBA 1 13 wg54 figs-123person אֵידָ֔⁠ם…אֵיד֑⁠וֹ…אֵידֽ⁠וֹ 1 their calamity…his calamity…his calamity The Hebrew text says **their** in the first case, meaning the Judeans, and **his** in the second and third cases, meaning “your brother Judah.” But since that is a personification of the Judeans (see v. 10), you can say “their” in every case. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -OBA 1 13 crs5 figs-idiom אַל־תֵּ֧רֶא 1 you should not have looked The Hebrew expression "see" is an idiom here for “enjoy looking at.” Alternate translation: “you should not have gloated over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -OBA 1 13 f9q3 figs-exclamations גַם־אַתָּ֛ה 1 Yes, you! Yahweh accuses the people of Edom emphatically, likely in anger, and perhaps also to warn them not to claim to be innocent. You could make this a separate short sentence ending in an exclamation mark. Alternate translation: “Yes, you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +OBA 1 13 crs5 figs-idiom אַל־תֵּ֧רֶא 1 you should not have looked The Hebrew expression **see** is an idiom here for **enjoy looking at.** Alternate translation: “you should not have gloated over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +OBA 1 13 f9q3 figs-exclamations גַם־אַתָּ֛ה 1 Yes, you! Yahweh accuses the people of Edom emphatically, likely in anger, and perhaps also to warn them not to claim to be innocent. You could make this a separate short sentence ending in an exclamation mark. Alternate translation: “Yes, you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) OBA 1 13 jz38 figs-you וְ⁠אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֥חְנָה בְ⁠חֵיל֖⁠וֹ 1 And you women should not have looted their wealth Here, the Hebrew has only the word **you,** but it is feminine and plural. So you should add something to show that it means “you women,” unless your language already marks the word “you” for gender and number. Alternate translation: “You women should not have taken away their valuable possessions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) OBA 1 14 ixs7 translate-unknown הַ⁠פֶּ֔רֶק 1 crossroads This means a place where two roads come together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) OBA 1 14 p7i1 figs-metaphor לְ⁠הַכְרִ֖ית אֶת־פְּלִיטָ֑י⁠ו 1 to cut down his fugitives This is a metaphor that means **killed.** It is likely a comparison to the way grain is cut down at harvest time. Alternate translation: “killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ OBA 1 20 r8cn translate-names עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת 1 as far as Zarephath Z OBA 1 20 u5t1 figs-metonymy וְ⁠גָלֻ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם 1 and the exile of Jerusalem This means **the people of Israel who were captured and taken away from Jerusalem.** You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 20 x6yt translate-names בִּ⁠סְפָרַ֑ד 1 Sepharad This is the name of a place whose location is unknown. Some experts suggest that it refers to the city of Sardis in the region of Lydia. Alternate translation: “They now live in Sepharad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/names]]) OBA 1 20 cr39 figs-explicit יִֽרְשׁ֕וּ 1 they will possess Yahweh is saying that these people will also return and conquer territories. You could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “return and occupy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -OBA 1 20 cr41 translate-names הַ⁠נֶּֽגֶב 1 the Negev This means **the southern Judean wilderness.** You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/names]]) +OBA 1 20 cr41 translate-names הַ⁠נֶּֽגֶב 1 the Negev This means **the southern Judean wilderness.** You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate-names]]) OBA 1 21 j7nf וְ⁠עָל֤וּ מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ בְּ⁠הַ֣ר צִיּ֔וֹן לִ⁠שְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת־הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֑ו 1 And saviors will go up to the mountain of Zion to judge the mountain of Esau This means, **After Israel’s military leaders conquer the land of Edom, they will rule over it from high up in Jerusalem.** You could say that as an alternate translation. Even though the mountain of Zion is a figurative name for Jerusalem, it would be good to say something like “high” here, reflecting the imagery of “mountain.” Edom boasted that it was up high and no one could bring it down, but Yahweh is saying that he will bring it down and place his own people up high instead. OBA 1 21 hyg2 מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ 1 saviors This means Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom. Alternate translation: “military leaders” OBA 1 21 cr43 figs-metonymy בְּ⁠הַ֣ר צִיּ֔וֹן 1 the mountain of Zion Yahweh is referring to Jerusalem figuratively by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])