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@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
16:11 mm84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְדֵ֖י 1 Here, **hands** represents the power and control that people have over something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the power of”
16:11 j505 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 Job is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
16:11 zm7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְטֵֽ⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if God were literally throwing him **into the hands of the wicked**. He means that God is abandoning him to whatever it is that wicked people would want to do to him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he abandons me”
16:12 t8kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְפַרְפְּרֵ֗⁠נִי וְ⁠אָחַ֣ז בְּ֭⁠עָרְפִּ⁠י וַֽ⁠יְפַצְפְּצֵ֑⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if God has literally **shattered** him, breaking him into many parts, and **seized** his neck and **shaken** him **to pieces**. He means that God has destroyed everything important in his life—his family, his health, and his possessions. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison, as the UST does, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he has destroyed my family, my health and my possessions”
16:12 t8kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְפַרְפְּרֵ֗⁠נִי וְ⁠אָחַ֣ז בְּ֭⁠עָרְפִּ⁠י וַֽ⁠יְפַצְפְּצֵ֑⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if God has literally **shattered** him, breaking him into many parts, and **seized** his neck and **shaken** him **to pieces**. He means that God has destroyed everything important in his life—his family, his health, and his possessions. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison, as the UST does, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he has destroyed my family, my health, and my possessions”
16:12 nt7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְקִימֵ֥⁠נִי ל֝֗⁠וֹ לְ⁠מַטָּרָֽה 1 Job is speaking as if God has literally **set** him **up as a target**. (He continues this image in the first line of the next verse.) He means that it seems as if God has harmed him very intentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison, as the UST does, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yes, it seems as if he has harmed me very intentionally”
16:13 kx4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָ֘סֹ֤בּוּ עָלַ֨⁠י ׀ רַבָּ֗י⁠ו 1 Job is speaking as if **archers** whom God commands have literally **surrounded** him. He means that God has caused him to experience many different troubles. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, as long as you also used plain language in the last sentence of the previous verse. Alternate translation: “he has caused me to experience many troubles”
16:13 j507 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְפַלַּ֣ח כִּ֭לְיוֹתַ⁠י וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַחְמ֑וֹל יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ לָ֝⁠אָ֗רֶץ מְרֵרָֽתִ⁠י 1 Job means implicitly that these archers are seeking mercilessly to kill him by shooting their arrows into his vital organs. (By saying that God **pours** his **bile** on the **ground**, Job means that God’s archers have pierced his liver as well as his **kidneys**, since the liver produces bile and that fluid would spill out of the body if the liver were pierced.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “They are seeking mercilessly to kill me by shooting their arrows into my vital organs”
@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
25:6 l7b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֱנ֣וֹשׁ & וּ⁠בֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם 1 Although the terms **man** and **son** are masculine, here both words have a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use terms in your language that are clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a human … or a human child”
25:6 h6x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֱנ֣וֹשׁ רִמָּ֑ה 1 Bildad is speaking as if a human were literally a **worm**. He probably means that humans are lowly, just as worms are lowly, living in the dirt. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that lowly creature”
25:6 j795 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם תּוֹלֵעָֽה 1 Bildad is similarly speaking as if a human were literally a **grub**. Once again the basis of the comparison seems to be that just as grubs live in the earth, God originally formed humans from the earth. So this is a parallel poetic reference to human mortality. Rather than repeat the image, it may be more natural in your language to translate this as an explanatory phrase. Alternate translation, not preceded by a comma: “whom God formed from the earth”
26:intro f665 0 # Job 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a long response by Job first to Bildad’s last speech and then to the friends in general. Bildad had spoken briefly of the greatness of God. Job shows that he is a truly godly man who appreciates God’s greatness by describing it in this chapter at greater length and in more eloquent language. Job told the friends in 12:3 that he had just as much wisdom as they did, and he demonstrates that in this chapter.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Litany\n\nIn verses 7–9, Job makes a series of statements about God that have a similar form. A series of statements such as this is known as a litany. If your readers would recognize what Job is doing, you can translate and format this litany the way the ULT does. If the litany form would not be familiar to your readers, you could help them appreciate it by putting each sentence of the litany on a separate line. See what you did with the similar litany in chapter 12. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make each verse in the litany a separate sentence. For example, you could begin verse 7, “God stretches out.” Notes to verses 7–9 offer further suggestions.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Reference of “he,” “him,” and “his”\n\nThe pronouns “he,” “him,” and “his” all refer to God throughout this chapter. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could specify the referent and say “God” or “God’s” at regular intervals for clarity.
26:intro f665 0 # Job 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a long response by Job first to Bildad’s last speech and then to the friends in general. Bildad had spoken briefly of the greatness of God. Job shows that he is a truly godly man who appreciates God’s greatness by describing it in this chapter at greater length and in more eloquent language. Job told the friends in 12:3 that he had just as much wisdom as they did, and he demonstrates that in this chapter.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Litany\n\nIn verses 7–9, Job makes a series of statements about God that have a similar form. A series of statements such as this is known as a litany. If your readers would recognize what Job is doing, you can translate and format this litany the way the ULT does. If the litany form would not be familiar to your readers, you could help them appreciate it by putting each sentence of the litany on a separate line. See what you did with the similar litany in chapter 12. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make each verse in the litany a separate sentence. For example, you could begin verse 7, “God stretches out.” Notes to verses 7–9 offer further suggestions.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Reference of “he,” “him,” and “his”\n\nThe pronouns “he,” “him,” and “his” all refer to God throughout this chapter. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could specify the referent and say “God” or “God’s” at regular intervals for clarity.
26:2 lud4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony מֶה־עָזַ֥רְתָּ לְ⁠לֹא־כֹ֑חַ ה֝וֹשַׁ֗עְתָּ זְר֣וֹעַ לֹא־עֹֽז 1 For emphasis, Job is saying the opposite of what he means. If a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could indicate what Job actually means. Alternate translation: “You have not helped the one without power! You have not saved the arm of no strength”
26:2 j798 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person מֶה־עָזַ֥רְתָּ לְ⁠לֹא־כֹ֑חַ ה֝וֹשַׁ֗עְתָּ זְר֣וֹעַ לֹא־עֹֽז 1 Job is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “You have not helped me, even though I was without power! You have not saved me, even though my arm had no strength”
26:2 j799 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עָזַ֥רְתָּ & ה֝וֹשַׁ֗עְתָּ 1 In this verse, as well as in verses 3 and 4, the word **you** is singular because Job is addressing Bildad directly. So use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
@ -1951,9 +1951,9 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
26:4 j802 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony אֶת־מִ֭י הִגַּ֣דְתָּ מִלִּ֑ין וְ⁠נִשְׁמַת־מִ֝י יָצְאָ֥ה מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 For emphasis, Job is continuing to say the opposite of what he means. If a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could indicate what Job actually means. Alternate translation: “You are merely sharing human opinions! You have no divinely granted insights!”
26:4 j803 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־מִ֭י הִגַּ֣דְתָּ מִלִּ֑ין 1 Job is using the term **words** to mean what Bildad has just said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God must have helped you say what you did!” or, showing that Job is saying the opposite of what he means, “What you said was merely your own human opinion”
26:4 j804 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִשְׁמַת־מִ֝י יָצְאָ֥ה מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 The word translated **breath** can also mean “spirit,” so this could mean: (1) that Job is making a parallel statement to the first part of the verse, using the **breath** that comes out of a person’s mouth while he is speaking to mean the act of speaking itself. Alternate translation: “And who was speaking with you as you spoke” or “And who enabled you to speak so well” or “It is certainly not as if God was helping you speak!” (2) that Job is suggesting (while meaning the opposite of what he is saying) that an angel or God’s Spirit must have inspired Bildad to say what he did. Alternate translation: “And what spirit inspired you to speak so well” or “And was it not God’s Spirit who inspired you to speak so well”
26:5 xqx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠רְפָאִ֥ים יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point in this speech, Job begins a description of the greatness of God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “But as for the greatness of God, the rephaites tremble”
26:5 xqx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠רְפָאִ֥ים יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point in this speech, Job begins a description of the greatness of God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “But as for the greatness of God, the Raphaites tremble”
26:5 c81a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠תַּ֥חַת מַ֝֗יִם וְ⁠שֹׁכְנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 Job implicitly means that the spirits of dead people **tremble** from their abode in Sheol, which he names specifically in the next verse but which he identifies by its location in this verse. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from their abode deep below the sea, deep below the creatures that live in the sea”
26:6 j805 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָר֣וֹם שְׁא֣וֹל נֶגְדּ֑⁠וֹ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the pronoun **him** in this verse refers to God, as do the pronouns “he,” “him,” and “his” throughout the chapter. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, here and at selected other places in the chapter. Alternate translation: “Sheol {is} naked before God”
26:6 j805 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָר֣וֹם שְׁא֣וֹל נֶגְדּ֑⁠וֹ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the pronoun **him** in this verse refers to God, as do the pronouns “he,” “him,” and “his” throughout the chapter. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, here and at selected other places in the chapter. Alternate translation: “Sheol is naked before God”
26:6 c8rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עָר֣וֹם שְׁא֣וֹל נֶגְדּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Job is speaking of **Sheol** as if it were literally not wearing any clothing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Sheol is open before God” or “God can look right into Sheol”
26:6 v85x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠אֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָֽ⁠אֲבַדּֽוֹן 1 The word **Abaddon**, which means “destruction,” is another name for Sheol.
26:6 j806 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָֽ⁠אֲבַדּֽוֹן 1 Job is speaking as if it might be possible to put an actual **covering** over **Abaddon** to keep God from seeing into it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and nothing keeps God from seeing into Abaddon”
@ -1969,7 +1969,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
26:9 j812 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֲנָנֽ⁠וֹ 1 Job is not referring to a specific **cloud**. He means all the clouds that God would use to cover the moon. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “his clouds”
26:10 l8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֹֽק־חָ֭ג עַל־פְּנֵי־מָ֑יִם 1 Job is speaking as if the surface of the **waters** or oceans were literally their **face**. He is describing the horizon, which, to a land-bound observer, seems to be a limit on how far the oceans extend. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God has placed a circular limit on the surface of the oceans”
26:10 j813 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַד־תַּכְלִ֖ית א֣וֹר עִם־חֹֽשֶׁךְ 1 Job implicitly means that the **limit** that God has placed on the extent of the oceans coincides with the bottom of the dome of the sky, which people in this culture considered to be a solid object. Beneath the dome, in which the sun, moon, and stars shone, there was light. Beyond the dome was darkness. So Job is using **the boundary of light with darkness** to refer by association to the sky. You could indicate this in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “at the bottom of the dome of the sky”
26:11 n3vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification עַמּוּדֵ֣י שָׁמַ֣יִם יְרוֹפָ֑פוּ וְ֝⁠יִתְמְה֗וּ מִ⁠גַּעֲרָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Many interpreters believe that here Job is speaking of high mountains as if they were the **pillars of the heavens**, since they appear to hold up the sky. Job would also be speaking as if God were literally issuing a **rebuke** to the mountains and that in response, they **tremble and marvel**. The reference may be to an earthquake, which causes the mountains to shake, or to appear to shake from the perspective of someone in a lowland earthquake. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God sends earthquakes that make even the high mountains shake”
26:11 n3vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification עַמּוּדֵ֣י שָׁמַ֣יִם יְרוֹפָ֑פוּ וְ֝⁠יִתְמְה֗וּ מִ⁠גַּעֲרָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Many interpreters believe that here Job is speaking of high mountains as if they were the **pillars of the heavens**, since they appear to hold up the sky. Job would also be speaking as if God were literally issuing a **rebuke** to the mountains and that in response, they **tremble and marvel**. The reference may be to an earthquake, which causes mountains to shake. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God sends earthquakes that make even the high mountains shake”
26:11 f7hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys יְרוֹפָ֑פוּ וְ֝⁠יִתְמְה֗וּ 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **marvel**, a reference to being astonished by the power of God, tells why the pillars of the heavens **tremble**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “shake with fear”
26:12 x7ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מָ֣חַץ רָֽהַב 1 See how you translated the name Rahab in [9:13](../09/13.md). Alternate translation: "he defeated the sea monster that is associated with chaos"
26:13 c72v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ֭⁠רוּח⁠וֹ שָׁמַ֣יִם שִׁפְרָ֑ה 1 Job is probably speaking as if strong winds, which clear the clouds from the sky after a storm, are the **breath** of God. Even though the word translated **breath** can also mean “wind” or “Spirit,” Job is probably using a poetic image rather than a literal statement to describe the power of God. If it would be more natural in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God sends strong winds to clear the sky of clouds after a storm”
@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
27:11 re4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives לֹ֣א אֲכַחֵֽד 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **conceal**. Alternate translation: “I will reveal”
27:12 j828 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתֶּ֣ם כֻּלְּ⁠כֶ֣ם חֲזִיתֶ֑ם 1 For emphasis, Job is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **know**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **yourselves**. Alternate translation: “all of you have seen this quite clearly”
27:12 j830 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַתֶּ֣ם כֻּלְּ⁠כֶ֣ם חֲזִיתֶ֑ם 1 In this context, to **see** means to “experience.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of you have experienced this quite consistently”
27:12 pnx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠לָ⁠מָּה־זֶּ֝֗ה הֶ֣בֶל תֶּהְבָּֽלוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you should therefore not vainly speak this vanity”
27:12 pnx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠לָ⁠מָּה־זֶּ֝֗ה הֶ֣בֶל תֶּהְבָּֽלוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “therefore you should not vainly speak this vanity”
27:12 j831 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠לָ⁠מָּה־זֶּ֝֗ה הֶ֣בֶל תֶּהְבָּֽלוּ 1 For emphasis, Job is using a construction in which a subject and its verb come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “why then do you speak this utter vanity” or, as a statement, “you should therefore not speak this utter vanity”
27:13 g6qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֶ֤ה ׀ חֵֽלֶק־אָדָ֖ם רָשָׁ֥ע ׀ עִם־אֵ֑ל 1 Job is speaking as if the punishment that God assigns to a **wicked man** were literally a **portion** or share of goods that God allotted to that person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the punishment that God assigns to a wicked man”
27:13 j832 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֖ם רָשָׁ֥ע 1 Here the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a wicked person”
@ -2029,9 +2029,9 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
27:16 nm9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile יִצְבֹּ֣ר כֶּ⁠עָפָ֣ר כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝⁠כַ⁠חֹ֗מֶר יָכִ֥ין מַלְבּֽוּשׁ 1 The point of this comparison is that just as **dust** is abundant and **clay mounds** contain great quantities of clay, so a wicked person might acquire **silver** in abundance and **clothing** in great quantities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “a wicked person acquires an abundant amount of silver and great quantities of clothing”
27:16 j834 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּ֑סֶף 1 Job is using one valuable commodity, **silver**, to represent wealth in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wealth”
27:17 bh15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וְ⁠צַדִּ֣יק & נָקִ֥י 1 Job is using the adjectives **righteous** and **innocent** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “but a righteous person … an innocent person”
27:18 q8ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile בָּנָ֣ה כָ⁠עָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠כְ⁠סֻכָּ֗ה עָשָׂ֥ה נֹצֵֽר 1 The point of these comparisons is that the **house** of a **moth**, that is, its cocoon, is very fragile, as is a **hut** that a **guard** would build in a field out of branches to watch over crops during harvest time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “The house that he builds is as fragile as a moth’s cocoon, as rickety as a hut that a harvest guard builds from branches”
27:18 inb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָּנָ֣ה כָ⁠עָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠כְ⁠סֻכָּ֗ה עָשָׂ֥ה נֹצֵֽר 1 While the actual house of a wicked person might become abandoned and collapse from neglect, Job could be using the term **house** to represent the life of that person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The life that he creates for himself is as fragile as a moth’s cocoon, as rickety as a hut that a harvest guard would build from branches”
27:18 j835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בָּנָ֣ה כָ⁠עָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑⁠וֹ 1 A **moth** is a flying insect that typically is active at night. It begins life as a wingless larva. The larva eventually spins a silk cocoon around itself, and inside that cocoon, it changes into a flying moth. If your readers would not be familiar with what a moth is, in your translation, you could use the name of a comparable creature that your readers would recognize and that similarly builds a fragile structure. The UST models one way to do this.
27:18 q8ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile בָּנָ֣ה כָ⁠עָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠כְ⁠סֻכָּ֗ה עָשָׂ֥ה נֹצֵֽר 1 The point of these comparisons is that the **house** of a **moth**, that is, its cocoon, is very fragile, as is a **hut** that a **guard** would build in a field out of branches to watch over crops during harvest time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “The house that he builds is as fragile as a moth’s cocoon, as rickety as a hut that a guard would build out of branches”
27:18 inb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָּנָ֣ה כָ⁠עָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑⁠וֹ וּ֝⁠כְ⁠סֻכָּ֗ה עָשָׂ֥ה נֹצֵֽר 1 While the actual house of a wicked person might become abandoned and collapse from neglect, Job could be using the term **house** to represent the life of that person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The life that he creates for himself is as fragile as a moth’s cocoon, as rickety as a hut that a guard would build from branches”
27:18 j835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בָּנָ֣ה כָ⁠עָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑⁠וֹ 1 A **moth** is a flying insect that is typically active at night. It begins life as a wingless larva. The larva eventually spins a silk cocoon around itself, and inside that cocoon, it changes into a flying moth. If your readers would not be familiar with what a moth is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable creature that your readers would recognize and that similarly builds a fragile structure. The UST models one way to do this.
27:19 la2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עָשִׁ֣יר יִ֭שְׁכַּב & עֵינָ֖י⁠ו פָּקַ֣ח 1 Job is speaking of going to sleep and waking up by association with things that people do when they go to sleep (lie down in bed) and wake up (open their eyes). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He goes to sleep rich … he wakes up”
27:19 b9sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole עָשִׁ֣יר יִ֭שְׁכַּב & עֵינָ֖י⁠ו פָּקַ֣ח 1 Job is making an overstatement to emphasize how quickly a wicked person loses his wealth. He is speaking as if that person would go to sleep rich and wake up with nothing, that is, as if he would lose all of his riches in a single night. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “He may be rich … only a short time passes”
27:19 i6ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠לֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑ף 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but he does not continue to be rich”
@ -2039,13 +2039,13 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
27:20 zw56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ֝֗יְלָה גְּנָבַ֥תּ⁠וּ סוּפָֽה 1 Job is speaking as if a **storm** would literally carry a wicked person away. He means that that person perishes as quickly and unexpectedly as he would if a storm carried him away. It may be more natural in your language to represent this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “he perishes quickly and unexpectedly, as if a storm had carried him away in the night”
27:21 l4at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשָּׂאֵ֣⁠הוּ קָדִ֣ים וְ⁠יֵלַ֑ךְ וִֽ֝⁠ישָׂעֲרֵ֗⁠הוּ מִ⁠מְּקֹמֽ⁠וֹ 1 Job is continuing to speak as if a **wind** would literally pick up a wicked person and carry him away. If you decided to represent this image as a comparison in the previous verse, you can continue to do that in this verse. Alternate translation: “Yes, it is as if the east wind takes him away, blowing him right out of his home, so that he is gone”
27:21 j836 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קָדִ֣ים 1 Job lived in a place where there was desert to the **east**, so he is referring implicitly to a strong, hot wind coming from the desert. In your translation, you could refer to the direction from which the strongest and stormiest winds come in your area.
27:22 wmn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠יַשְׁלֵ֣ךְ עָ֭לָי⁠ו וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַחְמֹ֑ל 1 Job is speaking of this wind as if it were a living thing that could hurl itself upon a wicked person and not **pity** him, that is, not show him any mercy. If you decided to represent this image as a comparison in the previous two verses, you can continue to do that in this verse. Alternate translation: “It is as if a wind is blowing violently against him relentlessly”
27:22 wmn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠יַשְׁלֵ֣ךְ עָ֭לָי⁠ו וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַחְמֹ֑ל 1 Job is speaking of this wind as if it were a living thing that could hurl itself upon a wicked person and not **pity** him, that is, not show him any mercy. If you decided to represent this image as a comparison in the previous two verses, you can continue to do that in this verse. Alternate translation: “It is as if a violent wind is blowing against him relentlessly”
27:22 xs2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication בָּר֥וֹחַ יִבְרָֽח 1 Job is repeating the verb “flee” in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. The specific sense here is that the wicked person is trying desperately to flee from this strong wind. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “he tries desperately to escape” or “it is as if he is trying desperately to escape”
27:22 fa8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ֝⁠יָּד֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **hand** represents power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from its power”
27:23 kvs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction יִשְׂפֹּ֣ק עָלֵ֣י⁠מוֹ כַפֵּ֑י⁠מוֹ 1 In this culture, people would clap their hands together as a symbolic action to express negative emotions such as grief, indignation, or derision. In this context, Job is speaking as if the wind were expressing derision at the wicked person. If it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if people in your culture clap their hands together to express positive emotions such as approval and admiration, you could explain the significance of this action in your translation. You could also name a gesture that people in your culture use to express derision. Alternate translation: “It is as if such a wind claps its hands at him in derision” or “It is as if such a wind points its finger derisively at him”
27:23 r28v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠יִשְׁרֹ֥ק עָ֝לָ֗י⁠ו 1 In this culture, people would make a hissing sound in order to express derision. Job is speaking as if the wind were also expressing derision at the wicked person by making such a sound. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in your translation. You could also name a sound that people in your culture make in order to express derision. Alternate translation: “and makes a derisive hissing sound” or “and laughs derisively at him”
27:23 j837 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠מְּקֹמֽ⁠וֹ 1 This could mean: (1) that the wind Job is describing **hisses** at the wicked person from within the home that it has forced him to abandon. (Job says of the wind in verse 21, “it blasts him from his place.”) Alternate translation: “from within his former home, which this wind now occupies” (2) that the wind **hisses** at the wicked person now that he is out of **his place**. Alternate translation: “because he has had to abandon his home”
28:intro i55c 0 # Job 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad and the other two friends. In this part of his speech, Job discusses how people can obtain wisdom. Both he and his friends have stressed the importance of wisdom (for example, in 12:2, 15:8, and 26:3). Job says at the end of this eloquent discussion that “the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom, and to turn from evil is understanding.” The implication is that Job, who prizes wisdom so much, would not have disrespected God, committed evil, and thus missed out on having wisdom. So in this chapter, Job gives another important defense of his innocence.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Reference of “it” in verses 13–18\n\nJob introduces the subject of “wisdom” in verse 12. Then, from verse 14 through to the end of the chapter, he refers to wisdom most of the time with the pronouns “it” and “its.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could specify the referent and say “wisdom” at regular intervals for clarity. Notes suggest how you might do this at various places.
28:intro i55c 0 # Job 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad and the other two friends. In this part of his speech, Job discusses how people can obtain wisdom. Both he and his friends have stressed the importance of wisdom (for example, in 12:2, 15:8, and 26:3). Job says at the end of this eloquent discussion, “Behold, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom, and to turn from evil is understanding.” The implication is that Job, who prizes wisdom so much, would not have disrespected God, committed evil, and thus missed out on having wisdom. So in this chapter, Job gives another important defense of his innocence.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Reference of “it” in verses 13–18\n\nJob introduces the subject of “wisdom” in verse 12. Then, from verse 14 through to the end of the chapter, he refers to wisdom most of the time with the pronouns “it” and “its.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could specify the referent and say “wisdom” at regular intervals for clarity. Notes suggest how you might do this at various places.
28:1 fb4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מָק֗וֹם 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and surely there is a place”
28:1 zr9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לַ⁠זָּהָ֥ב יָזֹֽקּוּ 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with an equivalent expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “where gold is refined” or “where people refine gold”
28:2 j838 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֭רְזֶל מֵ⁠עָפָ֣ר יֻקָּ֑ח 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People take iron from the dust”
@ -2056,13 +2056,13 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
28:3 j839 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּֽ⁠לְ⁠כָל־תַּ֭כְלִית ה֣וּא חוֹקֵ֑ר אֶ֖בֶן 1 The pronoun **he** refers to a person who is mining for precious metals. It does not refer back to anyone whom Job has mentioned previously. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “a miner searches, to every extremity, for a stone of”
28:3 l74r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וּֽ⁠לְ⁠כָל־תַּ֭כְלִית ה֣וּא חוֹקֵ֑ר אֶ֖בֶן 1 Job says **every** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “a miner searches everywhere he can to try to find a stone of”
28:3 j840 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶ֖בֶן אֹ֣פֶל וְ⁠צַלְמָֽוֶת 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe a **stone** that can only be found in **gloom and deep darkness**. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “a stone that can only be found in gloom and deep darkness”
28:3 j841 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶ֖בֶן אֹ֣פֶל וְ⁠צַלְמָֽוֶת 1 Job is not referring to a specific **stone**. He means stone that contains precious metal, that is, ore, in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “ore that can only be found in gloom and deep darkness”
28:3 j841 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶ֖בֶן אֹ֣פֶל וְ⁠צַלְמָֽוֶת 1 Job is not referring to a specific **stone**. He means in general stone that contains precious metal, that is, ore. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “ore that can only be found in gloom and deep darkness”
28:3 sce6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אֶ֖בֶן אֹ֣פֶל וְ⁠צַלְמָֽוֶת 1 The terms **gloom** and **deep darkness** mean similar things. Job is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “ore that can only be found where it is very dark”
28:3 j842 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶ֖בֶן אֹ֣פֶל וְ⁠צַלְמָֽוֶת 1 Job is using the phrase **gloom and deep darkness** by association to deep underground, where it is very dark. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ore that can only be found deep underground”
28:3 j842 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶ֖בֶן אֹ֣פֶל וְ⁠צַלְמָֽוֶת 1 Job is using the phrase **gloom and deep darkness** by association to mean deep underground, where it is very dark. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ore that can only be found deep underground”
28:4 kp1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פָּ֤רַץ נַ֨חַל ׀ מֵֽ⁠עִם־גָּ֗ר 1 The pronoun **He** refers once again to a person who is mining for precious metals. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Since Job uses plural forms in the rest of this verse, you may wish to use a plural form here. Alternate translation: “Miners open shafts”
28:4 j843 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵֽ⁠עִם־גָּ֗ר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **habitation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “far from where people live”
28:4 j844 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַֽ⁠נִּשְׁכָּחִ֥ים מִנִּי־רָ֑גֶל 1 Job is not referring to a specific **foot**. He means feet in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the ones forgotten by feet”
28:4 hz3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הַֽ⁠נִּשְׁכָּחִ֥ים מִנִּי־רָ֑גֶל 1 Job is speaking of a **foot** as if it were a living thing that could forget something. Here the term **forgotten** has the sense of being oblivious to something, not the sense of once having known something but no longer remembering it. This could be describing: (1) the way that people walk on the ground above mines without realizing that miners are at work deep below them. In that case the word **foot**, meaning the feet of these people, would represent them walking. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “The people walking on the ground high above miners do not realize that they are there” (2) the location of the mines that Job is describing. He would be saying that they are in remote places where people do not go. In that case the word **foot**, meaning the feet of these people, would represent them traveling. Alternate translation: “in places where people do not go”
28:4 hz3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הַֽ⁠נִּשְׁכָּחִ֥ים מִנִּי־רָ֑גֶל 1 Job is speaking of a **foot** as if it were a living thing that could be unaware of something. (That is what the term **forgotten** indicates here.) This could be describing: (1) the location of the mines. Job would be saying that they are in remote places where people do not go. In that case the word **foot** would represent people traveling. Alternate translation: “in places where people do not go”(2) the way that people walk on the ground above mines without realizing that miners are at work deep below them. Alternate translation, beginning a new sentence: “The people walking on the ground high above miners do not realize that they are there”
28:4 j845 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מֵ⁠אֱנ֣וֹשׁ 1 Here the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “Away from other people”
28:4 yed2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דַּ֖לּוּ & נָֽעוּ 1 Job means implicitly that these miners **dangle and swing** from ropes in order to get down into the mines. He is emphasizing the risks that people will take in order to find precious metals. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “they dangle and swing dangerously from ropes in order to get down into their mines”
28:5 j846 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶ֗רֶץ מִמֶּ֥⁠נָּה יֵֽצֵא־לָ֑חֶם וְ֝⁠תַחְתֶּ֗י⁠הָ נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ כְּמוֹ־אֵֽשׁ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. In this verse, Job is drawing a contrast between the ordinary activities that take place on the surface of the earth and the extraordinary, dangerous activities that take place in mines below the earth. Alternate translation: “People grow food on the surface of the earth, but below the surface, people transform the earth by means such as fire”
@ -2079,8 +2079,8 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
28:8 j848 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹֽא־הִדְרִיכֻ֥⁠הוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the “path” that Job described in the previous verse, that is, the route that miners take into the earth. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “have not walked on that path”
28:8 ad94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֹֽא־עָדָ֖ה עָלָ֣י⁠ו שָֽׁחַל 1 Job is not referring to a specific **lion**. He means lions in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “and lions have not passed over it”
28:9 d3ss rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בַּֽ֭⁠חַלָּמִישׁ שָׁלַ֣ח יָד֑⁠וֹ 1 The pronouns **He** and **his** refer to a miner. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be more natural in your language to use plural forms. Alternate translation: “Miners stretch out their hands against flinty rock”
28:9 nh4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּֽ֭⁠חַלָּמִישׁ שָׁלַ֣ח יָד֑⁠וֹ 1 The expression “stretch out one’s hand against” means to attack something. Job is saying that miners will attack, that is, break up, even the hardest kinds of rock in search of valuable materials. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Miners break up even the hardest kinds of rock in search of valuable materials”
28:9 j849 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָפַ֖ךְ מִ⁠שֹּׁ֣רֶשׁ הָרִֽים 1 Job is speaking of the ground below mountains as if it were the **roots** of those mountains. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he overturns mountains, digging deep below them”
28:9 nh4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּֽ֭⁠חַלָּמִישׁ שָׁלַ֣ח יָד֑⁠וֹ הָפַ֖ךְ 1 The expression “stretch out one’s hand against” means to attack something. Job is saying that miners will attack, that is, break up even the hardest kinds of rock in search of valuable materials. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Miners break up even the hardest kinds of rock in search of valuable materials; they overturn”
28:9 j849 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָפַ֖ךְ מִ⁠שֹּׁ֣רֶשׁ הָרִֽים 1 Job is speaking of the ground below mountains as if it were the **roots** of those mountains. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, using a plural form: “they overturn mountains, digging deep below them”
28:9 ng34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole הָפַ֖ךְ מִ⁠שֹּׁ֣רֶשׁ הָרִֽים 1 Job is speaking as if miners literally turn entire **mountains** upside down. He may be using the term **mountains** to represent great quantities of material. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, and once again it may be more natural in your language to use a plural form. Alternate translation: “miners dislodge great quantities of material from the depths of the earth”
28:10 j850 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בַּ֭⁠צּוּרוֹת יְאֹרִ֣ים בִּקֵּ֑עַ וְ⁠כָל־יְ֝קָ֗ר רָאֲתָ֥ה עֵינֽ⁠וֹ 1 The pronouns **He** and **his** refer to a miner. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be more natural in your language to use plural forms. Alternate translation: “Miners cut out channels among the rocks, and their eyes see every valuable thing”
28:10 h31b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רָאֲתָ֥ה עֵינֽ⁠וֹ 1 Job is using one part of a miner, his **eye**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he sees” or “they see”
@ -2145,7 +2145,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
29:4 j876 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠ס֥וֹד אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ עֲלֵ֣י אָהֳלִֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if God’s **friendship** were literally an object that had rested **upon** his tent. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when God in friendship blessed my tent”
29:4 d6y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אָהֳלִֽ⁠י 1 As the next two verses indicate, Job is referring to his family by association with the **tent** in which they lived and to his possessions by association with the same **tent**, in which he kept them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my family and my possessions”
29:5 j877 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis סְבִ֖יבוֹתַ֣⁠י נְעָרָֽ⁠י 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “when my children were still around me”
29:6 xbc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠רְחֹ֣ץ הֲלִיכַ֣⁠י בְּ⁠חֵמָ֑ה וְ⁠צ֥וּר יָצ֥וּק עִ֝מָּדִ֗⁠י פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן 1 Job is speaking as if his herds produced so much milk during the time he is remembering that there was **butter** everywhere he went, so that when he walked anywhere, it was as if his feet were literally being **bathed** in butter. He is also speaking as if his olive trees produced so many olives during that time that it was as if there were literally **streams** of oil coming to him out of the rocks. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when my herds produced milk in great abundance and my olive trees yielded great quantities of oil for me”
29:6 xbc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠רְחֹ֣ץ הֲלִיכַ֣⁠י בְּ⁠חֵמָ֑ה וְ⁠צ֥וּר יָצ֥וּק עִ֝מָּדִ֗⁠י פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן 1 Job is speaking as if his herds used to produce so much milk that there was **butter** everywhere he went, so that when he walked anywhere, it was as if his feet were literally being **bathed** in butter. He is also speaking as if his olive trees used to produce so many olives that it was as if there were literally **streams** of oil coming to him out of the rocks. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when my herds produced milk in great abundance and my olive trees yielded great quantities of oil for me”
29:6 j878 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בִּ⁠רְחֹ֣ץ הֲלִיכַ֣⁠י בְּ⁠חֵמָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when butter bathed my steps”
29:6 bt34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠צ֥וּר 1 Job is not referring to a specific **rock**. He means rocks in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “and the rocks”
29:7 tvt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction בָּ֝⁠רְח֗וֹב אָכִ֥ין מוֹשָׁבִֽ⁠י 1 Taking a **seat** in the public **square** by the city **gate** was a symbolic action by which Job showed that he was a recognized community leader, a member of the council that settled legal matters for the city residents. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “when I took my seat in the square as a recognized community leader”
@ -2172,20 +2172,20 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
29:14 j888 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication צֶ֣דֶק לָ֭בַשְׁתִּי וַ⁠יִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑⁠נִי 1 Job is repeating the verb **clothed** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “I wrapped righteousness all around me”
29:14 r9i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor צֶ֣דֶק לָ֭בַשְׁתִּי וַ⁠יִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if he literally **clothed** himself with **righteousness** during the time that he is describing. In this context, the image of clothing represents the character of a person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was very careful to practice righteousness”
29:14 j889 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צֶ֣דֶק לָ֭בַשְׁתִּי וַ⁠יִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑⁠נִי 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I was very careful to be righteous in my dealings with people”
29:14 rc4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּֽ⁠מְעִ֥יל וְ֝⁠צָנִ֗יף מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 In this comparison, clothing once again represents the character of a person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I was equally careful to make sure that people received justice”
29:14 rc4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּֽ⁠מְעִ֥יל וְ֝⁠צָנִ֗יף מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 In this comparison, clothing once again represents the character of a person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I was also careful to make sure that people received justice”
29:14 qe3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe not **justice** that he received but just decisions that he helped the city leaders make. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the just decisions that I helped the city leaders make were”
29:15 z9qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵינַ֣יִם הָ֭יִיתִי לַֽ⁠עִוֵּ֑ר וְ⁠רַגְלַ֖יִם לַ⁠פִּסֵּ֣חַ אָֽנִי 1 Job is speaking as if he had literally been **eyes** and **feet** that other people needed. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I saw and read things to help people who could not see, and I went places on behalf of people who could not go to those places themselves”
29:15 qwg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj לַֽ⁠עִוֵּ֑ר & לַ⁠פִּסֵּ֣חַ 1 Job is using the adjectives **blind** and **lame** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “for blind people … for lame people”
29:16 dv24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָ֣ב & לָֽ⁠אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים 1 Job is speaking as if he had literally been a **father** to **needy** people. He means that he fulfilled the role of a father by being a protector and advocate. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a protector of the needy” or “an advocate for the needy”
29:16 j890 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj לָֽ⁠אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים 1 Job is using the adjective **needy** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to needy people”
29:16 j891 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠רִ֖ב לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶחְקְרֵֽ⁠הוּ 1 Job is referring implicitly to a **case** whose details he did not **know** before someone brought it to the city gate for adjudication. Job did not know these details because he was not personally acquainted with the person bringing the case. So he was not motivated by friendship or family loyalty, but simply by the interests of justice. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I made sure that each person got justice even if he was not a friend or relative of mine”
29:17 rxh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָֽ֭⁠אֲשַׁבְּרָ⁠ה מְתַלְּע֣וֹת עַוָּ֑ל וּ֝⁠מִ⁠שִּׁנָּ֗י⁠ו אַשְׁלִ֥יךְ טָֽרֶף 1 Job is speaking as if an **unrighteous** person had been a wild animal that was holding a vulnerable person like captured **prey** in its **teeth** and as if he had broken the **jaws** of this animal so that they could no longer hold the vulnerable person, and he would **drop** out to safety. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And when an unrighteous person had coerced a vulnerable person into an oppressive arrangement, I made the unrighteous person release the vulnerable person from that arrangement”
29:17 rxh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָֽ֭⁠אֲשַׁבְּרָ⁠ה מְתַלְּע֣וֹת עַוָּ֑ל וּ֝⁠מִ⁠שִּׁנָּ֗י⁠ו אַשְׁלִ֥יךְ טָֽרֶף 1 Job is speaking as if an **unrighteous** person had been a wild animal that was holding a vulnerable person like captured **prey** in its **teeth** and as if he had broken the **jaws** of this animal so that they could no longer hold the vulnerable person, who would **drop** out to safety. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And when an unrighteous person had coerced a vulnerable person into an oppressive arrangement, I made the unrighteous person release the vulnerable person from that arrangement”
29:17 h48z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj עַוָּ֑ל & וּ֝⁠מִ⁠שִּׁנָּ֗י⁠ו 1 Job is using the adjective **unrighteous** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “unrighteous people, and … from their teeth”
29:18 j892 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וָ֭⁠אֹמַר עִם־קִנִּ֣⁠י אֶגְוָ֑ע וְ֝⁠כַ⁠ח֗וֹל אַרְבֶּ֥ה יָמִֽים 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And I said that I would expire in my nest and that I would multiply days like sand”
29:18 j893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וָ֭⁠אֹמַר עִם־קִנִּ֣⁠י אֶגְוָ֑ע וְ֝⁠כַ⁠ח֗וֹל אַרְבֶּ֥ה יָמִֽים 1 Since Job would live a long life before expiring, it might be more natural to put the second phrase before the first one. Alternate translation: “I will multiply days like sand, and then I will expire in my nest”
29:18 j894 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism אֶגְוָ֑ע 1 See how you translated the term **expire** in [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “I will pass away”
29:18 mx7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִם־קִנִּ֣⁠י 1 Job is speaking of his home as if it were literally a **nest** such as a bird would live in. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in my own home”
29:18 ree7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ֝⁠כַ⁠ח֗וֹל אַרְבֶּ֥ה יָמִֽים 1 The point of this comparison is that just as **sand** has a very large number of grains, so Job expected to live for a very great number of days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “after I have lived for very many days” or “after I have lived for a long time”
29:18 ree7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ֝⁠כַ⁠ח֗וֹל אַרְבֶּ֥ה יָמִֽים 1 The point of this comparison is that just as **sand** consists of a very large number of grains, so Job expected to live for a very large number of days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “after I have lived for very many days” or “after I have lived for a long time”
29:19 j895 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes שָׁרְשִׁ֣⁠י פָת֣וּחַ אֱלֵי־מָ֑יִם וְ֝⁠טַ֗ל יָלִ֥ין בִּ⁠קְצִירִֽ⁠י 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in a such way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “I said that my root was spread out to the waters and that the dew lodged on my branch”
29:19 f52q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁרְשִׁ֣⁠י פָת֣וּחַ אֱלֵי־מָ֑יִם וְ֝⁠טַ֗ל יָלִ֥ין בִּ⁠קְצִירִֽ⁠י 1 Job spoke of himself in those days as if he were literally a tree that was healthy and flourishing because it was getting all the moisture that it required. Since Job is describing what he used to say, it may be good to retain this image in your translation, but if it would be more natural in your language, you could express it as a comparison. Alternate translation: “I said that I was like a tree that was healthy and flourishing because it was getting all the moisture that it required through roots that reached down to ground water and through dew that formed at night on its branches”
29:19 j896 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns שָׁרְשִׁ֣⁠י פָת֣וּחַ & בִּ⁠קְצִירִֽ⁠י 1 Since Job was speaking of many roots and branches, it may be more natural in your language to use plural forms here. Alternate translation: “My roots are spread out … on my branches”
@ -2209,7 +2209,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
29:25 dv86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ֭⁠אֶשְׁכּוֹן כְּ⁠מֶ֣לֶךְ בַּ⁠גְּד֑וּד 1 In this culture, kings would accompany their armies into the field as their commanders. The point of this comparison is probably that just as the authority of a **king** would be unquestioned within his **army**, so people did not question Job’s directions as their leader. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and everyone respected my authority”
29:25 nmq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲבֵלִ֣ים יְנַחֵֽם 1 Job makes this further comparison to specify that he led the community gently and in its own best interests. He did not exercise his authority in an arbitrary, despotic way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I was gentle and encouraging as a leader”
30:intro u96h 0 # Job 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Job’s final response to his three friends.\n- Verses 1–14: Job describes the disrespect he now experiences because he has suffered so many misfortunes\n- Verses 15–19: Job describes his sufferings\n- Verses 20–23: Job addresses God directly to complain that God has not helped him\n- Verses 34–31: Job describes how he is suffering even though he helped others when they suffered\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Reference of “they” in verses 2–10\n\nIn verses 2–10, Job uses the pronouns “they,” “them,” and “their” to mean the young men who now treat him disrespectfully. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could specify this reference at regular intervals for clarity. Various notes suggest ways to do that. (In verse 5, as a note will clarify, one instance of “they” refers to other people.)
30:1 bw8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj צְעִירִ֥ים מִמֶּ֗⁠נִּי לְ⁠יָ֫מִ֥ים 1 Job is using the adjective phrase **fewer in days** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. (He is contrasting his present situation, in which younger people now disrespect him, with the way that, formerly, “young men” withdrew respectfully from his presence and “old men” stood up out of respect for him, as he described in [29:8](../29/08.md).) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are much younger than I am”
30:1 bw8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj צְעִירִ֥ים מִמֶּ֗⁠נִּי לְ⁠יָ֫מִ֥ים 1 Job is using the adjective phrase **fewer in days** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. (He is contrasting his present situation, in which younger people now disrespect him, with the way that “young men” formerly withdrew respectfully from his presence and “old men” stood up out of respect for him, as he described in [29:8](../29/08.md).) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are much younger than I am”
30:1 ghr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־מָאַ֥סְתִּי אֲבוֹתָ֑⁠ם לָ֝⁠שִׁ֗ית עִם־כַּלְבֵ֥י צֹאנִֽ⁠י 1 The implications of this statement is that the **fathers** of the young men who now **laugh at** Job were shiftless and incompetent. This could mean: (1) that Job would not employ these men to do even such menial tasks as shepherd **dogs** do. Alternate translation: “whose fathers I could not even employ to do menial tasks” (2) that Job would not specifically employ these men as shepherds for his flocks, working with his sheepdogs. Alternate translation: “whose fathers I would not even employ as shepherds”
30:2 dkd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כֹּ֣חַ יְ֭דֵי⁠הֶם לָ֣⁠מָּה לִּ֑⁠י 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I have no use for the strength of their hands!” or “the strength of their hands is useless to me!”
30:2 j904 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כֹּ֣חַ יְ֭דֵי⁠הֶם לָ֣⁠מָּה לִּ֑⁠י 1 Job is using one part of these young men, their **hands**, to mean all of them in the act of using **strength** to work. As the rest of the verse indicates, these young men have only feeble strength. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have no use for their feeble strength!” or “their feeble strength is useless to me!”
@ -2268,25 +2268,25 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
30:17 j921 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לַ֗יְלָה עֲ֭צָמַ⁠י נִקַּ֣ר 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **bones**, to mean all of him in the act of feeling pain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At night, pain pierces my body”
30:17 s5h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ֗יְלָה עֲ֭צָמַ⁠י נִקַּ֣ר 1 Job is speaking as if pain were literally piercing his body or putting holes in it. He means that he gets a stabbing sensation of pain as if he were actually being stabbed. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At night, I have stabbing sensations of pain”
30:17 j922 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מֵ⁠עָלָ֑⁠י 1 It is not entirely clear what Job means by this expression. He uses the same expression in [30:30](../30/30.md) to describe how his skin, darkened by disease, is peeling off. So this could be a reference to the pain from his sores radiating deep into his body. Alternate translation: “from the sores on my skin”
30:17 q849 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠עֹרְקַ֗⁠י לֹ֣א יִשְׁכָּבֽוּ⁠ן 1 Job is speaking of the pains he is suffering as if they were living things that could be **gnawing** him and could **rest** (although they do not). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the pain is like someone biting me, and it never stops”
30:17 q849 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠עֹרְקַ֗⁠י לֹ֣א יִשְׁכָּבֽוּ⁠ן 1 Job is speaking of the pains he is suffering as if they were living things that could be **gnawing** him and could **rest** (although they do not). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the pain is like someone chewing on me, and it never stops”
30:18 x296 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠רָב־כֹּ֭חַ 1 Job is referring implicitly to the **great force** of his skin disease, its power to do so much damage. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Because of my serious disease,”
30:18 wpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתְחַפֵּ֣שׂ לְבוּשִׁ֑⁠י 1 Job is probably speaking of his skin as if it were his **clothing**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my skin is changed” or “my skin is disfigured”
30:18 j923 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כְּ⁠פִ֖י כֻתָּנְתִּ֣⁠י יַֽאַזְרֵֽ⁠נִי 1 The pronoun **it** refers to Job’s skin disease. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “my skin disease binds me like the collar of my tunic”
30:18 tm94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כְּ⁠פִ֖י כֻתָּנְתִּ֣⁠י יַֽאַזְרֵֽ⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if his disease were literally binding him, or wrapping him up tightly, the way a person in his culture would put on a **tunic** and then wrap its **collar** tightly around his neck. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my skin disease afflicts me continually without subsiding”
30:18 tm94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כְּ⁠פִ֖י כֻתָּנְתִּ֣⁠י יַֽאַזְרֵֽ⁠נִי 1 Job is speaking as if his disease were literally binding him, or wrapping him up tightly, the way a person in his culture would put on a **tunic** and then wrap its **collar** tightly around his neck. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my skin disease afflicts me continually”
30:19 j924 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֹרָ֥⁠נִי לַ⁠חֹ֑מֶר 1 The pronoun **He** refers to text. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God has thrown me into the mud”
30:19 aa4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֹרָ֥⁠נִי לַ⁠חֹ֑מֶר 1 Job is speaking as if God had literally **thrown** him into **mud**. This could mean: (1) that Job is referring to the way he has been demonstrating his distress by sitting in the midst of the ash pile outside the city, as [2:8](../02/08.md) describes. Alternate translation: “God has caused me such distress that I have been sitting in this ash heap” (2) that Job is using the image of being **thrown** into **mud** to represent his loss of position and status. Alternate translation: “God has reduced me to meager circumstances”
30:19 aa4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֹרָ֥⁠נִי לַ⁠חֹ֑מֶר 1 Job is speaking as if God had literally **thrown** him into **mud**. This could mean: (1) that Job is using the image of being **thrown** into **mud** to represent his loss of position and status. Alternate translation: “God has reduced me to meager circumstances” (2) that Job is referring to the way he has been demonstrating his distress by sitting in the midst of the ash pile outside the city, as [2:8](../02/08.md) describes. Alternate translation: “God has caused me such distress that I have been sitting in this ash heap”
30:19 m43k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וָ֝⁠אֶתְמַשֵּׁ֗ל כֶּ⁠עָפָ֥ר וָ⁠אֵֽפֶר 1 Job is speaking as if he had literally become like **dust** and **ashes**. This could be: (1) a physical description. Job may mean that the dust and ashes from the pile where he is sitting have stuck to his skin because of his oozing sores and so now he physically resembles dust and ashes himself. Job describes the appearance of his body in the previous verse, and this could be a continuation of that description. Alternate translation: “and I now appear to have become dust and ashes” (2) a comparison. Job may be saying that in some way his situation resembles some characteristic of **dust and ashes**, perhaps their lowliness of being on the ground. Alternate translation: “and I am greatly humiliated”
30:20 j925 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction עָ֝מַ֗דְתִּי 1 Standing up was a symbolic action by which someone in this community would call attention to the fact that they needed help. Job may mean that he does this literally as an appeal to God for help, or he may be speaking as if he does it when actually he appeals for help in some other way, such as by praying, as he describes in the first part of the verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “I stand to get your attention and appeal for help”
30:20 k1ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּתְבֹּ֥נֶן בִּֽ⁠י 1 Job means implicitly that God does nothing but **gaze** at him without helping him. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “but you only look at me and do not help me”
30:21 xk2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠עֹ֖צֶם יָדְ⁠ךָ֣ 1 Here, God’s **hand** represents his power. Job is using this possessive form to describe how God’s **strength** is characterized by power, that is, God’s strength is very great. Alternate translation: “with your great strength”
30:22 zy94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּשָּׂאֵ֣⁠נִי אֶל־ר֭וּחַ תַּרְכִּיבֵ֑⁠נִי וּ֝⁠תְמֹגְגֵ֗⁠נִי תּוּשִׁיָּֽה 1 Job is speaking as if God uses the wind to **lift** him off the ground and as if the wind carries him away as though he were riding on it the way a person would **ride** a horse. He is also speaking as if God uses a **storm** to **toss** him about. He means that God is causing him such great distress that he feels as if these things are happening to him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are causing me such great distress that it feels as if a storm wind is picking me up, carrying me away, and tossing me about”
30:22 zy94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּשָּׂאֵ֣⁠נִי אֶל־ר֭וּחַ תַּרְכִּיבֵ֑⁠נִי וּ֝⁠תְמֹגְגֵ֗⁠נִי תּוּשִׁיָּֽה 1 Job is speaking as if God uses the wind to **lift** him off the ground and as if the wind carries him away as if he were riding on it the way a person would **ride** a horse. He is also speaking as if God uses a **storm** to **toss** him about. He means that God is causing him such great distress that he feels as if these things are happening to him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are causing me such great distress that it feels as if a storm wind is picking me up, carrying me away, and tossing me about”
30:23 j926 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מָ֣וֶת & וּ⁠בֵ֖ית מוֹעֵ֣ד לְ⁠כָל־חָֽי 1 These two phrases mean similar things. Job is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that by using a word other than “and” in your translation. Alternate translation: “to death, yes, to the house of appointment to all the living”
30:23 py4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מָ֣וֶת 1 As the rest of the verse shows, Job is using the term **death** by association to mean Sheol, the abode of the dead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to Sheol”
30:23 a3ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בֵ֖ית מוֹעֵ֣ד לְ⁠כָל־חָֽי 1 Job is speaking as if Sheol were a **house** in which dead people lived. He means that it is the place to which people go when they die. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to the place of appointment to all the living”
30:23 j927 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠בֵ֖ית מוֹעֵ֣ד לְ⁠כָל־חָֽי 1 Job is using this possessive form to indicate that God has appointed Sheol as the place where living people are to go when they die. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and to the place God has appointed for living people to go when they die”
30:23 nf6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָֽי 1 Job is using the adjective **living** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “living people”
30:24 s7pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד אִם־בְּ֝⁠פִיד֗⁠וֹ לָהֶ֥ן שֽׁוּעַ\n\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “one in a heap certainly stretches out a hand! He certainly cries out because he is in trouble!”
30:24 j928 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד 1 Job is using a hypothetical situation as an example and applying it by implication to his own situation. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if someone is in a heap of ruins, then he certainly stretches out a hand, and in the same way I am calling to you for help even though I expect to die.”
30:24 j928 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד 1 Job is using a hypothetical situation as an example and applying it by implication to his own situation. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if someone is in a heap of ruins, then he certainly stretches out a hand, and in the same way I am calling to you for help.”
30:24 giv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד 1 Reaching out with one’s **hand** when in a desperate situation is a symbolic action that constitutes an appeal for help. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “does not one in a heap of ruins appeal for help”
30:24 ly2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־בְּ֝⁠פִיד֗⁠וֹ לָהֶ֥ן שֽׁוּעַ 1 Job is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a contrary answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “He cries out because he is in trouble, does he not”
30:25 j929 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־לֹ֣א בָ֭כִיתִי לִ⁠קְשֵׁה־י֑וֹם 1 Job is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a contrary answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “I wept for the difficult of day, did I not?”
@ -2303,7 +2303,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
30:28 fj2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קֹדֵ֣ר הִ֭לַּכְתִּי בְּ⁠לֹ֣א חַמָּ֑ה 1 Job means that his skin disease, **not** the **sun**, has darkened his skin, as he says explicitly in verse 30. The implication is that this darkened skin makes him appear as if he is a manual laborer who works out in the sun. [Song of Songs 1:6](../sng/01/06.md) suggests that in this culture, a person in that situation would be less respected than someone who could employ others to do outdoor work and so did not have sun-darkened skin. You could indicate this in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “My disease-darkened skin makes me appear to be a manual laborer”
30:28 i5gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַ֖מְתִּי בַ⁠קָּהָ֣ל אֲשַׁוֵּֽעַ 1 Job may be implicitly indicating a further loss of dignity here. He has had to appeal for help in a public place where people gather. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have had to humiliate myself by appealing for help in public”
30:29 f66b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָ֭ח הָיִ֣יתִי לְ⁠תַנִּ֑ים וְ֝⁠רֵ֗עַ לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה 1 Job is speaking as if he had literally become a **brother** to **jackals** and a **companion** to ostriches. These wild dogs and wild birds live in deserted areas, and Job is suggesting that they are now his only relatives and friends, since he has become an outcast. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have become such an outcast that it is as if I live far away from other people”
30:29 j935 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה 1 In this context, the expression **daughters of** describes creatures that share the qualities of something. The word **clamor** is one possible meaning of an uncertain term that interpreters suggest could also mean “greed” or “the desert.” Whatever the meaning of that term, interpreters agree that the reference is to ostriches, either because they are voracious eaters or because they can make bellowing sounds or because they live in desert areas. Job would be referring to the now-extinct Arabian ostrich, which lived in his area at this time. While the term **daughters** specifically describes female ostriches, it seems that Job has in mind ostriches in general. If your language can refer to this bird or to this kind of bird with a descriptive phrase rather than with a name, you could use that phrase in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “to ostriches”
30:29 j935 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה 1 In this context, the expression **daughters of** describes creatures that share the qualities of something. The word **clamor** is one possible meaning of an uncertain term that interpreters suggest could also mean “greed” or “the desert.” Whatever the meaning of that term, interpreters agree that the reference is to ostriches. If your language can refer to this kind of bird with a descriptive phrase rather than with a name, you could use that phrase in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “to ostriches”
30:29 jsv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה 1 An ostrich is a large, heavy bird that cannot fly but can run very fast. If your readers would not be familiar with ostriches, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “to large, flightless, desert birds”
30:30 j936 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ע֭וֹרִ⁠י שָׁחַ֣ר מֵ⁠עָלָ֑⁠י 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “My skin has turned black and it is falling off from upon me”
30:30 udu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠עַצְמִ⁠י־חָ֝֗רָה מִנִּי־חֹֽרֶב 1 Job is using one part of himself, a **bone**, to mean all of him in the act of feeling hot. He is likely referring to the **heat** of fever. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my body is hot with fever”
@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
31:13 j957 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִם־אֶמְאַ֗ס מִשְׁפַּ֣ט עַ֭בְדִּ⁠י וַ⁠אֲמָתִ֑⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “If I did not consider it important to treat my male servant or my female servant justly”
31:14 s3xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מָ֣ה אֶֽ֭עֱשֶׂה כִּֽי־יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל וְ⁠כִֽי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “then I would not be able to do anything if God arose, or if he visited, I would not be able to answer him”
31:14 j958 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל 1 Job is asking implicitly what he would do if God **arose** or stood up to bring charges against him. As a note to [20:27](../20/27.md) explains, in order to begin a case against someone, people in this culture would stand up among those who had gathered in the public square. See how you translated the similar expression in [20:27](../20/27.md). Alternate translation: “God stood up to bring charges against me”
31:14 j959 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠כִֽי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד 1 Job is using the term **visited** in a particular sense. When applied to God, the term often indicates that God takes action in the life of a person or group, whether to help needy people or to punish guilty people. Here the sense is that God would “visit” Job to help Job’s servants and to punish him for mistreating them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Or if he came to help my servants”
31:14 j959 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠כִֽי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד 1 Job is using the term **visited** in a particular sense. When applied to God, the term often indicates that God takes action in the life of a person or group, whether to help needy people or to punish guilty people. For example, [Ruth 1:6](../01/06.md) says that Naomi, who had left Israel because of a famine, returned there after she heard that “Yahweh had visited his people, giving them bread.” Here the sense is that God would “visit” Job to help Job’s servants and to punish him for mistreating them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Or if he came to help my servants”
31:15 jl2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽ֝⁠לֹא־בַ֭⁠בֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂ֣⁠נִי עָשָׂ֑⁠הוּ וַ֝⁠יְכֻנֶ֗⁠נּוּ בָּ⁠רֶ֥חֶם אֶחָֽד 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “After all, the one who made me in the belly also made him. Indeed, the same person fashioned us both in the womb.”
31:15 j960 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations עָשָׂ֑⁠הוּ 1 Although the pronoun **him** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that refers both to the “male servant” and “female servant” whom he describes in verse 13. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an expression in your language that would indicate this. Alternate translation: “Did … make my male servant and my female servant” or “Did … make them”
31:15 j961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive וַ֝⁠יְכֻנֶ֗⁠נּוּ & אֶחָֽד 1 By **us**, Job means himself and his servants but not the friends to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
@ -2381,7 +2381,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
31:24 j970 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and I have told fine gold that it was my confidence”
31:24 s4sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If Job had spoken to **fine gold** in this way, he would have been speaking to something that he knew could not hear him in order to show in a strong way how he felt about it. If a speaker in your language would not do that, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I have said that fine gold was my confidence”
31:24 r6lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I have said that I was confiding in fine gold”
31:25 sk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas וְ⁠כִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing. In this culture, people would often swear an oath by stating the first part of a condition but not the second part. As the General Notes to this chapter explain, in most instances Job does state the second part of conditions in the oaths that he swears in that chapter. But in this instance, he does not. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of this condition. You could use the same language that Job uses in verses 11 and 28, or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “and because my hand had acquired much, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “and because my hand had acquired much, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:25 sk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas וְ⁠כִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 In this instance, Job is swearing an oath by stating the first part of a condition (“if”) but not the second part (“then”). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of this condition. You could use the same language that Job uses in verses 11 and 28, or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “and because my hand had acquired much, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “and because my hand had acquired much, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:25 bt3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of acquiring wealth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I had acquired much”
31:25 j971 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כַ֝בִּ֗יר 1 Job is using the adjective **much** as a noun to mean wealth in quantity. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a fortune”
31:26 j972 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy א֖וֹר 1 Job is using the term **light** by association to mean the sun. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sun”
@ -2459,8 +2459,8 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
32:14 q8fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹא־עָרַ֣ךְ אֵלַ֣⁠י מִלִּ֑ין 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job and his friends have been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now Job has said nothing to provoke me, so I can speak reasonably to him, unlike you”
32:15 j999 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-aside חַ֭תּוּ לֹא־עָ֣נוּ ע֑וֹד הֶעְתִּ֖יקוּ מֵ⁠הֶ֣ם מִלִּֽים 1 Elihu has been speaking directly to Job’s friends in the second person, but in this verse he starts speaking about them in the third person. This could mean: (1) that Elihu is now speaking to himself, but out loud, about the people to whom he had been speaking. He would be doing that to indicate in a strong way how he feels about those people. Alternate translation: “I am indignant that Job’s friends are dismayed and are no longer answering him and have nothing further to say to him” (2) that Elihu is now speaking about Job’s friends to others who are present. (It is unlikely that Elihu is turning to address Job himself here; Elihu begins addressing Job directly by name in [33:1](../33/01.md).) Alternate translation: “Look, all the rest of you, at how Job’s friends are dismayed and are no longer answering him and have nothing further to say to him!” Since Job’s friends can hear what Elihu is saying, and since he is saying it partly for their benefit, you could also continue to use the second person in your translation, as the UST does.
32:15 gi7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הֶעְתִּ֖יקוּ מֵ⁠הֶ֣ם מִלִּֽים 1 Elihu is speaking of **words** as if they were living things that could have **gone** away from Job’s friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they have nothing further to say”
32:16 k7n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ֭⁠הוֹחַלְתִּי 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I shall not wait …!”
32:16 k000 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ֭⁠הוֹחַלְתִּי 1 Elihu is using a future statement to give himself an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Should I wait …?” or, as an exclamation, “I should not wait …!”
32:16 k7n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ֭⁠הוֹחַלְתִּי כִּי־לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ כִּ֥י עָ֝מְד֗וּ לֹא־עָ֥נוּ עֽוֹד 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I shall not wait because they are not speaking, because they stand, they answer no more!”
32:16 k000 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ֭⁠הוֹחַלְתִּי כִּי־לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ כִּ֥י עָ֝מְד֗וּ לֹא־עָ֥נוּ עֽוֹד 1 Elihu is using a future statement to give himself an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “I should not wait because they they are not speaking, because they stand, they answer no more!”
32:16 k001 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys עָ֝מְד֗וּ לֹא־עָ֥נוּ עֽוֹד 1 Elihu is expressing a single idea by using the two verbs **stand** and **answer**. In this context, the word **stand** means to stop doing something. He does not mean that Job’s friends have stood to their feet. Alternate translation: “they have ceased to answer any more”
32:17 ii5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דֵעִ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the similar expression in verse 10. Alternate translation: “what I know”
32:18 j46i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מָלֵ֣תִי מִלִּ֑ים 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he wants to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am full of things to say”
@ -2539,7 +2539,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
33:24 k026 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יְחֻנֶּ֗⁠נּוּ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God and the pronoun **him** refers to the person whom Elihu has been describing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and God is gracious to that person”
33:24 a1rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר פְּ֭דָעֵ⁠הוּ מֵ⁠רֶ֥דֶת שָׁ֗חַת מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and tells the angels of death to spare him from going down to the pit because he has found a ransom”
33:24 es6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **ransom**, you could express the same idea in another way. See the discussion of this idea in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “I have found a good reason to spare him”
33:24 k027 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר 1 The word **found** does not mean that God was not aware of where this **ransom** was and had to look for it and finally found it. Rather, it means that when the suffering person repented, this was a consideration that helped provide grounds for sparing him. (See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have recognized a good reason to spare him”
33:24 k027 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר 1 The word **found** does not mean that God did not know where this **ransom** was and had to look for it and finally found it. Rather, it means that when the suffering person repented, this was a consideration that helped provide grounds for sparing him. (See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have recognized a good reason to spare him”
33:25 mu51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּשָׂר֣⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using one part of this person’s body, his **flesh**, to mean his whole body in the act of being rejuvenated. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his body”
33:25 k7le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָ֝שׁ֗וּב לִ⁠ימֵ֥י עֲלוּמָֽי⁠ו 1 Elihu is speaking of this person’s **flesh** as if it were a living thing that could go back in time to his **youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it becomes as it was in the days of his youth”
33:25 n9hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠ימֵ֥י עֲלוּמָֽי⁠ו 1 Elihu is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the time of his youth”
@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
34:3 k044 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶ⁠אֱכֹֽל 1 Elihu is speaking of the **palate** or mouth as if it could **taste** by itself. He means that with their mouths, people discern the taste of the food that they eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
34:4 v6hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive מִשְׁפָּ֥ט נִבְחֲרָה־לָּ֑⁠נוּ נֵדְעָ֖ה בֵינֵ֣י⁠נוּ מַה־טּֽוֹב 1 Elihu is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and to the “wise ones” whom he is addressing, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (Even though Job is present and listening, Elihu is not addressing him, so Elihu is still saying **us** to include everyone whom he actually is addressing.)
34:4 k045 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפָּ֥ט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is just”
34:5 k046 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כִּֽי־אָ֭מַר אִיּ֣וֹב צָדַ֑קְתִּי וְ֝⁠אֵ֗ל הֵסִ֥יר מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For Job has said that he is righteous, but God has taken away his justice”
34:5 k046 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כִּֽי־אָ֭מַר אִיּ֣וֹב צָדַ֑קְתִּי וְ֝⁠אֵ֗ל הֵסִ֥יר מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For Job has said that he is righteous but that God has taken away his justice”
34:5 k2e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠אֵ֗ל הֵסִ֥יר מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is saying that Job has spoken of **justice** as if it were an object that God had **taken away** from him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but God has not been just in the way that he has treated me”
34:6 k047 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥⁠י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב אָנ֖וּשׁ חִצִּ֣⁠י בְלִי־פָֽשַׁע 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “Job has said that he would not lie about his justice and that his arrow is incurable, without transgression”
34:6 k523 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥⁠י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I would not lie about my justice!”
@ -2621,7 +2621,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
34:20 nq3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ⁠יַעֲבֹ֑רוּ 1 Elihu is using the word **pass** to mean “die.” This is a mild or poetic way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and they depart” or “and they die”
34:20 k060 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠יָסִ֥ירוּ אַ֝בִּ֗יר 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and the mighty are taken away”
34:20 k061 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אַ֝בִּ֗יר 1 Elihu is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “even the person who is mighty”
34:20 dsu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹ֣א בְ⁠יָֽד 1 Elihu is using one part of a human being, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of potentially taking away a mighty person (although Elihu says that no person actually does this). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their life ended not by a human being”
34:20 dsu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹ֣א בְ⁠יָֽד 1 Elihu is using one part of a human being, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of potentially taking away a mighty person (although Elihu says that no person actually does this). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not by a human being”
34:21 k062 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עֵ֭ינָי⁠ו & יִרְאֶֽה 1 The first instance of the pronoun **his** and the pronoun **he** refer to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God’s eyes … God sees”
34:21 syl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵ֭ינָי⁠ו עַל 1 Elihu is using one part of God, his **eyes**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he looks upon”
34:21 wn28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽ⁠כָל־צְעָדָ֥י⁠ו 1 Elihu is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person was taking **steps** along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how a person lives, and … everything that he does”
@ -2665,7 +2665,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
34:35 k078 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝⁠דְבָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א בְ⁠הַשְׂכֵּֽיל 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what he says is not with understanding”
34:35 k079 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠דְבָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א בְ⁠הַשְׂכֵּֽיל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **understanding**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he does not really understand what he is talking about”
34:36 znm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִבָּחֵ֣ן אִיּ֣וֹב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God would test Job” or “God would put Job on trial”
34:36 w7eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַל־תְּ֝שֻׁבֹ֗ת בְּ⁠אַנְשֵׁי־אָֽוֶן 1 Elihu is using the word **among** in a sense that suggests that one thing is associated with another. He means that Job responds in a way associated with **men of iniquity** as if he were such a person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because he answers as men of iniquity would”
34:36 w7eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַל־תְּ֝שֻׁבֹ֗ת בְּ⁠אַנְשֵׁי־אָֽוֶן 1 Elihu is using the word **among** in a sense that suggests that one thing is associated with another. He means that Job responds in a way associated with **men of iniquity**, as if Job were such a person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because he answers as men of iniquity would”
34:37 fm5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction יִסְפּ֑וֹק 1 As in [27:23](../27/23.md), here clapping one’s hands is a symbolic action that expresses derision. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “he claps his hands derisively”
34:37 g7nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠יֶ֖רֶב אֲמָרָ֣י⁠ו לָ⁠אֵֽל 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he says more and more things against God”
35:intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Elihu’s speech. In this chapter, Elihu speaks primarily to Job, although in the last verse he speaks about Job to the others who are present.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Does God not benefit when humans do what is right?\n\nIn verses 6–8, Elihu tells Job that whether he is good or bad has no effect on God; that only affects other people. Elihu probably means that God does not owe Job anything for being good and that God does not have to defend himself against Job being bad. But if what Elihu says is taken in a general sense, then it does not express the full teaching of the Bible. Elsewhere the Bible says that God is delighted when people obey him and that God grieves when people sin, knowing the destructive effects that this will have. God is glorified when people acknowledge that humans flourish when they obey his commandments. Elihu, like Job’s friends, says things that are true to a certain extent but that do not fully express the counsel of God as found in the Bible as a whole.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### reference of “you” and “your”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Elihu uses the pronouns “you” and “your” to address Job individually, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. In verse 3, in the quotation by Elihu, the pronoun “you” is also singular because Job is using it to address God.
@ -2701,7 +2701,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
35:11 k095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מַ֭לְּפֵ⁠נוּ מִ⁠בַּהֲמ֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ וּ⁠מֵ⁠ע֖וֹף הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם יְחַכְּמֵֽ⁠נוּ 1 In this quotation, the speaker describes **beasts** and **birds** as if they were living things that God could teach and make wise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who gave us more understanding than the beasts of the earth and the birds of the heavens”
35:11 k096 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive מַ֭לְּפֵ⁠נוּ & יְחַכְּמֵֽ⁠נוּ 1 The speaker is using the pronoun **us** to mean people and thus to refer to himself and his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction.
35:12 xj4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁ֣ם 1 Elihu is speaking as if the troubles that people experience were a place that they were in. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In their troubles,”
35:12 k097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ֝⁠פְּנֵ֗י 1 In this context, this expression means “because of.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of”
35:12 k097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַעֲנֶ֑ה מִ֝⁠פְּנֵ֗י גְּא֣וֹן רָעִֽים 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of something by association with the way that people can see the face of someone who is present.If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he does not answer, since pride is present in those evil ones” or “but he does not answer, since those evil ones are so proud”
35:12 k098 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רָעִֽים 1 Elihu is using the adjective **evil** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. The ULT adds the word **ones** to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “evil people”
35:13 k099 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שָׁ֭וְא לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע ׀ אֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **vanity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Here the word **vanity** describes a cry to God for help that is insincere. The person asking for God’s help has not repented of the sins that have gotten him into trouble; he is still doing “evil,” as verse 12 indicates. Alternate translation: “God does not hear an insincere prayer for help”
35:13 k100 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שָׁ֭וְא לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע ׀ אֵ֑ל 1 Elihu is using the term **hear** in a specific sense to mean “answer.” Alternate translation: “God will not answer an insincere prayer for help”
@ -2745,7 +2745,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
36:8 a6cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲסוּרִ֥ים בַּ⁠זִּקִּ֑ים יִ֝לָּכְד֗וּ⁠ן בְּ⁠חַבְלֵי־עֹֽנִי 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “chains are binding them and cords of affliction have caught them”
36:9 qj2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys פָּעֳלָ֑⁠ם וּ֝⁠פִשְׁעֵי⁠הֶ֗ם 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **transgressions** tells what kind of **deeds** these people did. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “their evil deeds”
36:9 k121 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּ֣י יִתְגַּבָּֽרוּ 1 Elihu is using the word **for** to introduce the reason why these people committed **deeds** that were **transgressions**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “which they did because they became proud”
36:10 i8aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יִּ֣גֶל אָ֭זְנָ⁠ם לַ⁠מּוּסָ֑ר 1 Elihu is using one part of these, their **ear**, to mean all of them in the act of hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he enables them to hear correction”
36:10 i8aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יִּ֣גֶל אָ֭זְנָ⁠ם לַ⁠מּוּסָ֑ר 1 Elihu is using one part of these righteous people who unfortunately have sinned, their **ear**, to mean all of them in the act of hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he enables them to hear correction”
36:10 k123 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּ֣גֶל אָ֭זְנָ⁠ם לַ⁠מּוּסָ֑ר 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, in this context, to hear means to obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he enables them to obey correction”
36:10 gn8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וַ⁠יִּ֣גֶל אָ֭זְנָ⁠ם לַ⁠מּוּסָ֑ר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **correction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he enables them to obey him when he corrects them”
36:10 k122 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אָ֭זְנָ⁠ם 1 If you retain the use of the term **ear** for the whole person in your translation, since Elihu is speaking of many people, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **ear**. Alternate translation: “their ears”
@ -2789,7 +2789,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
36:18 k148 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠רָב־כֹּ֝֗פֶר אַל־יַטֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 It may be more natural in your language to express the meaning here by using a form other than a possessive form. Alternate translation: “and no ransom, no matter how great, will deliver you”
36:19 m4pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יַעֲרֹ֣ךְ שׁ֭וּעֲ⁠ךָ 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “God would not esteem your riches!” or “God would not want your money so much that he will accept a bribe and not punish you.”
36:19 k149 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹ֣א בְ⁠צָ֑ר וְ֝⁠כֹ֗ל מַאֲמַצֵּי־כֹֽחַ 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “No, God would not esteem gold or all of the strengths of wealth!”
36:19 z8pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠כֹ֗ל מַאֲמַצֵּי־כֹֽחַ 1 Elihu is speaking of **wealth** as if it were a living thing that had **strengths**. He is using the idea of strength to refer to an amount or quantity of wealth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or any other kind of wealth, no matter how much of it there were”
36:19 z8pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠כֹ֗ל מַאֲמַצֵּי־כֹֽחַ 1 Elihu is speaking of **wealth** as if it were a living thing that had **strengths**. He is using the idea of strength to refer to an amount or quantity of wealth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or any other kind of wealth, no matter how much of it there might be”
36:20 k150 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠לָּ֑יְלָה 1 Elihu is probably using the image of **night** to mean death, similarly to the way Bildad used “darkness” to mean death in [18:18](../18/18.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “death” or “to die”
36:20 q5v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַ⁠עֲל֖וֹת עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽ⁠ם 1 By **their place**, Elihu seems to mean this earth. This may be an implicit warning to Job that once he dies, he will no longer have the opportunity that people on this earth have to repent and be reconciled to God. Alternate translation: “because when people die, they leave this earth and they have no further opportunity to repent”
36:21 k151 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תֵּ֣פֶן אֶל־אָ֑וֶן 1 Elihu is speaking as if **sin** were in a particular direction and Job might literally **turn** towards that direction. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not commit sin”
@ -2816,7 +2816,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
36:29 q3k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־יָ֭בִין מִפְרְשֵׂי־עָ֑ב תְּ֝שֻׁא֗וֹת סֻכָּתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “no one can understand how God makes clouds spread or how he makes thunder come from his hut!”
36:29 wh4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סֻכָּתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally lived in a **hut** in the sky. (He is using the same term that Job used in [27:18](../27/18.md) to describe a guard booth.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from his dwelling place in the sky”
36:30 k163 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֵן 1 In this instance, Elihu seems to be using the term **Behold** literally. Alternate translation: “Look!”
36:30 k164 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פָּרַ֣שׂ עָלָ֣י⁠ו אוֹר֑⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to God’s “hut,” that is, his dwelling in the sky, which Elihu described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “he spreads his lightning upon the sky”
36:30 k164 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פָּרַ֣שׂ עָלָ֣י⁠ו אוֹר֑⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to God’s “hut,” that is, his dwelling in the sky, which Elihu described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “he spreads his lightning upon his dwelling place in the sky”
36:30 ip5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פָּרַ֣שׂ עָלָ֣י⁠ו אוֹר֑⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally **spreads** lightning upon the sky. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his lightning lights up the whole sky”
36:30 e9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁרְשֵׁ֖י הַ⁠יָּ֣ם כִּסָּֽה 1 Elihu is speaking of the depths of the sea as if they were the **roots** of the **sea**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he covers the depths of the sea”
36:30 k165 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שָׁרְשֵׁ֖י הַ⁠יָּ֣ם כִּסָּֽה 1 This could mean: (1) that God **covers** the depths of the sea with light. Alternate translation: “and the lightning is so bright that it even lights up the sea down to its depths” (2) that God **covers** the depths of the sea with water by refilling the sea with rainwater. Alternate translation: “and he refills the whole sea with rainwater”
@ -2840,11 +2840,11 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
37:2 ilg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠רֹ֣גֶז קֹל֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠הֶ֗גֶה מִ⁠פִּ֥י⁠ו יֵצֵֽא 1 Elihu is speaking as if thunder were literally God’s **voice**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “this loud thunder! It is as if God is roaring”
37:3 k178 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּֽחַת־כָּל־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֥יִם יִשְׁרֵ֑⁠הוּ וְ֝⁠אוֹר֗⁠וֹ עַל־כַּנְפ֥וֹת הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 Elihu is speaking as if thunder and lightning were captive or restrained and God let them **loose** or released them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God makes it thunder so loudly that it can be heard under the whole sky, and he makes the lightning flash so brightly that it can be seen everywhere on earth”
37:3 k179 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole תַּֽחַת־כָּל־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֥יִם יִשְׁרֵ֑⁠הוּ וְ֝⁠אוֹר֗⁠וֹ עַל־כַּנְפ֥וֹת הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 Elihu says that thunder can be heard everywhere under the sky and that lightning can be seen in the most distant places on earth as overstatements for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “God makes it thunder so loudly in the sky that people who are far away can hear it, and he makes the lightning flash so brightly that even people who are distant from where it strikes can see it”
37:3 k180 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִשְׁרֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the thunder that Elihu described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God lets loose the thunder”
37:3 k181 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝⁠אוֹר֗⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he lets loose his lightning”
37:3 k180 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִשְׁרֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the thunder that Elihu described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God lets the thunder loose”
37:3 k181 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝⁠אוֹר֗⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he lets his lightning loose”
37:3 q5ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־כַּנְפ֥וֹת הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 People in this culture believed that the **earth** was a flat surface that had **edges**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning here in terms of your own culture. Alternate translation: “all around the world”
37:4 l4nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשְׁאַג־ק֗וֹל 1 Elihu is speaking as if thunder were a **voice**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Thunder sounds loudly”
37:4 x26r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַחֲרָ֤י⁠ו 1 The pronoun **it** refers to a flash of lightning. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “after lightning flashes”
37:4 x26r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַחֲרָ֤י⁠ו 1 The pronoun **it** refers to a flash of lightning. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “after there is a flash of lightning”
37:4 nei1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַ֭רְעֵם בְּ⁠ק֣וֹל גְּאוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is speaking as if thunder were God speaking. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “when we hear thunder, it sounds as if God is speaking in his majesty”
37:4 k182 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ⁠לֹ֥א יְ֝עַקְּבֵ֗⁠ם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **restrain**. (The pronoun **them** refers to bolts of lightning.) Alternate translation: “and he releases the lightning bolts”
37:4 k183 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּֽי־יִשָּׁמַ֥ע קוֹלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is once again speaking as if thunder were God speaking. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “after thunder is heard”
@ -2905,7 +2905,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
37:19 q3st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ 1 Elihu is referring to the limitations of human understanding. He is speaking as if people were in **darkness** and so could not see or distinguish very much. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of the limitations of our human understanding”
37:20 z1tr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַֽ⁠יְסֻפַּר־ל֭⁠וֹ כִּ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It should not be recounted to him that I would speak!”
37:20 fp7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַֽ⁠יְסֻפַּר־ל֭⁠וֹ כִּ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Should someone recount to him that I would speak?” or “No one should recount to him that I would speak!”
37:20 b2q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִֽם־אָ֥מַר אִ֝֗ישׁ כִּ֣י יְבֻלָּֽ 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “If a man spoke, surely he would be swallowed up!”
37:20 b2q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִֽם־אָ֥מַר אִ֝֗ישׁ כִּ֣י יְבֻלָּֽע 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “If a man spoke, surely he would be swallowed up!”
37:20 k217 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֝֗ישׁ 1 Here the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a person”
37:20 k218 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְבֻלָּֽע 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God would swallow him up”
37:20 x2hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְבֻלָּֽע 1 Elihu is speaking as if God would literally **swallow** an insolent person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he would be destroyed” or “God would destroy him”
@ -2923,7 +2923,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
37:24 k228 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֲנָשִׁ֑ים 1 Here the masculine term **men** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “all people”
37:24 k229 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה כָּל־חַכְמֵי־לֵֽב 1 Elihu does not mean that God is not pleased when people become **wise**. He means that God would not show favoritism to a person who was particularly wise compared with other people, because compared with God’s infinite wisdom, all people have only a little wisdom You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He does not respect any person more than he respects other people, no matter how wise that person might be by human standards”
37:24 n2pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חַכְמֵי־לֵֽב 1 As in [34:10](../34/10.md), here the **heart** represents the understanding. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the wise in understanding”
37:24 k230 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חַכְמֵי־לֵֽב 1 Elihu is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the people who are wise of heart” or “the people who are able to understand things wisely”
37:24 k230 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כָּל־חַכְמֵי־לֵֽב 1 Elihu is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “any people who are wise of heart” or “any people who are able to understand things wisely”
38:intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of Yahweh’s response to Job. His response continues through chapter 41.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\nIn this chapter, Yahweh begins asking Job a series of questions in order to show that Job does not understand the workings of the created world. Yahweh asks questions about the earth in verses 4–20, with a summary challenge to Job in verse 21. Yahweh then asks questions about the sky in verses 22–38. He starts asking questions about animals and birds in verse 39; this part of his speech continues into the next chapter.\n\nThe implication is that if Job does not understand and cannot explain how God makes things work in the visible creation, he certainly does not understand and cannot explain what God is doing as he works in unseen, mysterious ways to accomplish his purposes in the lives of people and over the course of human history.\n\nWhen God comes to Job in the storm and responds to his questions, it becomes obvious that Elihu was wrong to say that God would not meet with Job. This shows God’s generosity to Job in granting him an interview as he requested, even though in the interview, God has to humble Job by demonstrating how little he actually knows.\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s description of the creation\n\nIn this chapter, Yahweh describes the earth, sea, and sky according to the way the people of Job’s culture understood them. For example, in verse 16 Yahweh speaks of “springs” at the bottom of the sea that provide it with water. In verse 22, he speaks of “storehouses” in the sky where snow and hail are kept. In some parts of the chapter, these references occur within poetic images, such as the image in verses 4–6 of the earth as a building with “foundations” or the image in verses 12–13 of the dawn grasping the “edges” of the earth and shaking it. But in other places, the references do not occur within poetic images. In such places, Yahweh’s questions to Job, which demonstrate the limits of Job’s knowledge, depend for their force on these features being real, even though they do not correspond to the creation as we would describe it today. We may consider that Yahweh is using terminology that Job and the others who are listening would understand in order to communicate moral and spiritual insights to them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate these descriptions of the natural world from an ancient perspective with equivalent expressions that use terms that reflect your own culture’s perspective. Notes suggest how you might do this in various places. For example, a note to verse 16 suggests speaking of the “bottom of the sea” rather than of the “springs of the sea.”\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### The nature of the questions in verses 4–41\n\nYawheh asks Job a series of questions in verses 4–41. He may want Job to try to answer these questions so that Job will have to admit that he does not know the answers. So these could be actual questions that Yahweh is using to get information, specifically, the information from Job that he does not know the answers. Alternatively, Yahweh may be using the question form for emphasis. A note to verse 4 suggests two possible ways in which you could translate the question there. Consider the most appropriate way to translate each of the questions in this chapter.
38:1 b53y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַ⁠יַּֽעַן־יְהוָ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב מנ ה⁠סערה וַ⁠יֹּאמַֽר 1 The narrator is using the word translated **And** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for making a transition from what has already been happening in a story and introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And when the storm that Elihu had been watching and describing finally arrived where he and the others were, Yahweh answered Job from the storm and said”
38:1 zh2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּֽעַן־יְהוָ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב מנ ה⁠סערה וַ⁠יֹּאמַֽר 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose a person **said** something. Specifically, the person said it in order to answer or respond to what someone else said. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “And from the storm Yahweh responded to Job”
@ -2933,7 +2933,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
38:2 k231 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּֽלִי־דָֽעַת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “without knowing what he is talking about”
38:3 ur9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֱזָר & חֲלָצֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he literally wanted Job to **gird up** his **loins**, that is, to tuck the bottom of his robe into a belt so that he could move freely, as a soldier would do before going into battle. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “get ready for a difficult contest”
38:3 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְ⁠גֶ֣בֶר 1 Yahweh is using a particular word for **man** that can, in contexts such as this one, emphasize the strength and valor of a warrior. The point of this comparison is that Job should be brave, as a solider must be when going into battle. Yahweh is not using the term **man** to suggest that men are strong and that women are weak. Alternate translation: “like a brave person” or “as a soldier would do when going into battle”
38:3 k38w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony וְ֝⁠אֶשְׁאָלְ⁠ךָ֗ וְ⁠הוֹדִיעֵֽ⁠נִי 1 Yahweh is answering Job with his own words. In [13:22](../13/22.md), Job said to God (who was not visibly present at the time), “And call, and I will answer, or I will speak, and answer me.” Yahweh is telling Job that he will take the first option: God will “call” (ask questions) and Job can respond. However, Yahweh says something slightly different than Job did. He says that Job can **inform** him. For emphasis, Yahweh is actually saying the opposite of what he means. He already knows everything, so he does not need Job to provide him with information that he lacks. If a speaker of your language would not say the opposite of what he means for emphasis, in your translation you could indicate what Yahweh actually means. Alternate translation: “and I will question you and you can tell me what you think I do not already know”
38:3 k38w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony וְ֝⁠אֶשְׁאָלְ⁠ךָ֗ וְ⁠הוֹדִיעֵֽ⁠נִי 1 Yahweh is answering Job with his own words. In [13:22](../13/22.md), Job said to God (who was not visibly present at the time), “And call, and I will answer, or I will speak, and answer me.” Yahweh is telling Job that he will take the first option: He, Yahweh, will “call” (ask questions) and Job can respond. However, Yahweh says something slightly different than Job did. He says that Job can **inform** him. For emphasis, Yahweh is actually saying the opposite of what he means. He already knows everything, so he does not need Job to provide him with information that he lacks. If a speaker of your language would not say the opposite of what he means for emphasis, in your translation you could indicate what Yahweh actually means. Alternate translation: “and I will question you and you can tell me what you think I do not already know”
38:4 xgy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אֵיפֹ֣ה הָ֭יִיתָ בְּ⁠יָסְדִ⁠י־אָ֑רֶץ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, this could mean: (1) that Yahweh wants Job to try to answer this question and the questions in the rest of the chapter so that Job will have to admit that he does not know the answers. Alternate translation: “You were not there when I founded the earth, were you?” (2) that Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You were not there when I founded the earth!”
38:4 e2l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠יָסְדִ⁠י־אָ֑רֶץ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the earth were literally a building and he had **founded** it, that is, laid a foundation for it (made a solid base on which to build it). Since this is poetry, you may wish to retain the image in your translation, using construction terms from your own culture, even if a speaker of your language would not ordinarily describe the creation of the world in this way. Alternatively, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when I cleared a space on which to build the earth” or “when I first started to create the earth”
38:4 k232 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ֝גֵּ֗ד 1 Yahweh assumes that Job will understand that by **Declare** he means that he wants Job to declare how the foundations of the earth were laid. You could indicate that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Explain how the foundations of the earth were laid” or “Explain how I first started to create the earth”
@ -2952,7 +2952,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
38:9 n9tt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠שׂוּמִ֣⁠י עָנָ֣ן לְבֻשׁ֑⁠וֹ וַ֝⁠עֲרָפֶ֗ל חֲתֻלָּתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Continuing the image of the sea being born when it was created, Yahweh is speaking as if he literally provided clouds as its **clothing** and **thick darkness** as its **swaddling bands** when it was first born. Within the context of this speech, this may be a reference to the way Yahweh has complete knowledge of and control over every element of creation. People in this culture regarded the sea as the realm of watery chaos; these images may be an assertion that God has always had the sea under his control and care. Alternate translation: “when I sheltered it and protected it as a mother would do for her newborn child”
38:9 k235 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠שׂוּמִ֣⁠י עָנָ֣ן לְבֻשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **cloud**. He means clouds in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “when I made the clouds its clothing”
38:9 zkz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ֝⁠עֲרָפֶ֗ל חֲתֻלָּתֽ⁠וֹ 1 The term **swaddling bands** describes the strips of cloth in which mothers in some cultures wrap their newborn babies to help them feel secure. If your readers would not be familiar with what swaddling bands are, if you wish to retain the poetic image in your translation, you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture. Alternate translation: “and thick darkness its baby blanket”
38:10 iq3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠אֶשְׁבֹּ֣ר עָלָ֣י⁠ו חֻקִּ֑⁠י 1 Yahweh may be referring implicitly to the way he **broke** off the edge of the land to make a **boundary** for the sea. This could be a description of the cliffs that serve as the boundary between the land and the sea in many places. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And I broke off the land to make a boundary for the sea” or “And at the edge of the land I made cliffs over which the sea cannot flow”
38:10 iq3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠אֶשְׁבֹּ֣ר עָלָ֣י⁠ו חֻקִּ֑⁠י 1 Yahweh may be referring implicitly to the way he **broke** off the edge of the land to make a **boundary** for the sea. This could be a description of the cliffs that serve as the boundary between the land and the sea in many places. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And I broke off the land to make a boundary for the sea” or “And at the edge of the land I made cliffs that the sea cannot flow over”
38:10 b38y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וָֽ֝⁠אָשִׂ֗ים בְּרִ֣יחַ וּ⁠דְלָתָֽיִם 1 Since Yahweh would first have made **doors** and then a **bar** to put across them to keep them shut, it may be more natural to mention the doors first. Alternate translation: “and I set doors and a bar”
38:10 hyj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָֽ֝⁠אָשִׂ֗ים בְּרִ֣יחַ וּ⁠דְלָתָֽיִם 1 As in verse 8, Yahweh is speaking as if he had literally set up **doors** to keep the sea from flowing onto the land. See how you translated the similar expression there. Alternate translation: “and I set up floodgates to hold the sea back” or “and I restrained the sea from flowing onto the land”
38:11 ixn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וָ⁠אֹמַ֗ר עַד־פֹּ֣ה תָ֭בוֹא וְ⁠לֹ֣א תֹסִ֑יף וּ⁠פֹ֥א־יָ֝שִׁ֗ית בִּ⁠גְא֥וֹן גַּלֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And I told the sea that it could come up to that point but not go any farther, yes, that I had established that boundary for its proud waves”
@ -3044,13 +3044,13 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
38:41 hc2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לָ⁠עֹרֵ֗ב צֵ֫יד֥⁠וֹ 1 A **raven** is a large bird with shiny black feathers that feeds on dead animals. If your readers would not be familiar with what a raven is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable bird in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “food for the birds”
38:41 y9ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־יְ֭לָדָיו אֶל־אֵ֣ל יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ\n \n 1 Yahweh is referring to how baby birds chirp loudly and continually when they need food. He is saying that he hears this as a prayer, as if the baby birds were crying out to him for what they needed. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when its offspring chirp loudly for food as if they were crying out to God for it”
38:41 k263 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אֶל־אֵ֣ל 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “to me”
38:41 nde9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִ֝תְע֗וּ לִ⁠בְלִי־אֹֽכֶל 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the baby ravens would literally **stagger**, that is, walk in a way as if they could barely stand up. He means that they would act in a way that showed they were weak with hunger. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when they are weak with hunger”
38:41 nde9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִ֝תְע֗וּ לִ⁠בְלִי־אֹֽכֶל 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the baby ravens would literally **stagger**, that is, walk as if they could barely stand up. He means that they would act in a way that showed they were weak with hunger. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when they are weak with hunger”
39:intro l9e1 0 # Job 39 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Yahweh’s response to Job.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\nIn this chapter, Yahweh continues to ask Job questions that show that Job does not understand the workings of the created world. Yahweh began to ask Job questions about animals and birds in [38:39](../38/39.md); he continues to do that in this chapter.\n\nThe implication continues to be that if Job does not understand and cannot explain how God makes things work in the visible creation, he certainly does not understand and cannot explain what God is doing as he works in unseen, mysterious ways to accomplish his purposes in the lives of people and over the course of human history.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### The nature of Yahweh’s questions to Job\n\nAs in the previous chapter, Yahweh may want Job to try to answer the questions he is asking so that Job will have to admit that he does not know the answers. Alternatively, Yahweh may be using the question form for emphasis. Consider the most appropriate way to translate each of the questions in this chapter.
39:1 m8kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יָדַ֗עְתָּ עֵ֭ת לֶ֣דֶת יַעֲלֵי־סָ֑לַע 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, this could mean: (1) that Yahweh wants Job to try to answer this question and the questions in the rest of the chapter so that Job will have to admit that he does not know the answers. Alternate translation: “You do not know the time of the bearing of the goats of the rock, do you?” (2) that Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not know the time of the bearing of the goats of the rock!”
39:1 k264 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַעֲלֵי־סָ֑לַע 1 Yahweh is using the term **rock** by association to identify these goats by where they live. Your language may have its own name for goats of this type that identifies them by where they live. If not, you could identify them with a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “mountain goats” or “wild goats” or “goats that live among the rocks”
39:1 j6ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֹלֵ֖ל אַיָּל֣וֹת תִּשְׁמֹֽר 1 The implication of this question is that Job would have to know when female deer were going to bear their fawns in order to be there to **watch** them give birth. So this question means basically the same thing as the first question in the verse. You could indicate this meaning in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Would you know when the does were going to give birth to their fawns so that you could be there to watch”
39:2 nrm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּמַלֶּ֑אנָה 1 Yahweh is referring implicitly to the **number** of **months** that the does will **fulfill** or complete before they give birth to their fawns. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “they will fulfill before giving birth”
39:3 n62w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֶבְלֵי⁠הֶ֥ם תְּשַׁלַּֽחְנָה 1 Yahweh is using the expression **labor pains** by association to mean the fawns that the does deliver after going into labor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they cast forth their children”
39:3 n62w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֶבְלֵי⁠הֶ֥ם תְּשַׁלַּֽחְנָה 1 Yahweh is using the expression **labor pains** by association to mean the fawns that the does deliver after going into labor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they deliver their children”
39:4 v8ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְ֭נֵי⁠הֶם & לָֽ⁠מוֹ 1 The pronouns **Their** and **them** are masculine, meaning that they refer to the fathers and mothers of these young deer. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Your language may similarly use masculine plural pronouns for a group of two or more subjects that includes both male and female individuals. If not, you could show the meaning by using an explanatory phrase. Alternate translation: “The sons of does and bucks … to their parents”
39:4 k265 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְ֭נֵי⁠הֶם 1 Here the masculine term **sons** has a generic sense that would include both male and female young deer. Some languages may have a general term for the offspring of deer that would convey this sense. Other languages may use both the masculine and feminine forms of such a term. Alternate translation: “their fawns”
39:4 wey9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַ⁠בָּ֑ר 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **field**. He means fields in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “in the fields”
@ -3076,36 +3076,37 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
39:13 k698 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּנַף־רְנָנִ֥ים נֶעֱלָ֑סָה 1 Ostriches cannot fly; this is a reference to the way they flap their wings vigorously when they run. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The wings of ostriches flap vigorously when they run”
39:13 c9hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown רְנָנִ֥ים 1 See how you translated the expression “daughters of clamor” in [30:29](../30/29.md). Here Yahweh uses a different term for the same kind of bird.
39:13 b62x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אִם־אֶ֝בְרָ֗ה חֲסִידָ֥ה וְ⁠נֹצָֽה 1 The terms **feather** and **plumage** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “If they are kind feathers”
39:13 y8q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אִם־אֶ֝בְרָ֗ה חֲסִידָ֥ה וְ⁠נֹצָֽה 1 Yahweh is using one part of an ostrich, its feathers, to mean all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If {it is} a kind bird”
39:13 y8q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אִם־אֶ֝בְרָ֗ה חֲסִידָ֥ה וְ⁠נֹצָֽה 1 Yahweh is using one part of an ostrich, its feathers, to mean all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If it is a kind bird”
39:13 k271 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־אֶ֝בְרָ֗ה חֲסִידָ֥ה וְ⁠נֹצָֽה 1 Yahweh is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “But it is not a kind bird, is it”
39:13 a7t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִם־אֶ֝בְרָ֗ה חֲסִידָ֥ה וְ⁠נֹצָֽה 1 The word translated **kind** was also the word for another type of bird called a “stork.” The stork was given that name because it was kind to its young. So it is possible that Yahweh is comparing the ostrich directly to the stork here. Many versions of the Bible translate this verse that way. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. Alternate translation: “But it is not a bird like the stork, is it”
39:13 a7t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִם־אֶ֝בְרָ֗ה חֲסִידָ֥ה וְ⁠נֹצָֽה 1 The word translated **kind** is also the word for another type of bird called a “stork.” The stork was given that name because it was kind to its young. So it is possible that Yahweh is comparing the ostrich directly to the stork here. Many versions of the Bible translate this verse that way. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. Alternate translation: “But it is not a bird like the stork, is it”
39:15 k272 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וַ֭⁠תִּשְׁכַּח כִּי 1 Yahweh is speaking of an ostrich as if it could consciously **forget** than an animal might crush her eggs if she left them on the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it does this even though”
39:15 eg2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תְּזוּרֶ֑⁠הָ & תְּדוּשֶֽׁ⁠הָ 1 The pronoun **it** refers in both of these instances to the ostrich’s eggs, which Yahweh described in the previous verse. It may be more natural in your language to use plural pronouns for the eggs. Alternate translation: “might crush them … might trample them”
39:15 p8ek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רֶ֣גֶל תְּזוּרֶ֑⁠הָ 1 Yahweh is using one part of an animal, its **foot**, to mean all of it in the act of stepping on the eggs of an ostrich. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an animal might step on them”
39:16 u9gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בָּנֶ֣י⁠הָ 1 Here the masculine term **sons** has a generic sense that would include both male and female young ostriches. Some languages may have a general term for the offspring of birds that would convey this sense. Other languages may use both the masculine and feminine forms of such a term. Alternate translation: “its chicks”
39:16 uqn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לְ⁠רִ֖יק יְגִיעָ֣⁠הּ בְּלִי־פָֽחַד 1 Yahweh is speaking of an ostrich as if it could consciously feel **fear** that the **labor** it had expended to have offspring might be in **vain**, that is, the offspring might die, if it did not take better care of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it does not carefully protect their lives”
39:17 jm95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הִשָּׁ֣⁠הּ אֱל֣וֹהַּ חָכְמָ֑ה וְ⁠לֹא־חָ֥לַק לָ֝֗⁠הּ בַּ⁠בִּינָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking of an ostrich as if it could consciously **forget** any **wisdom** it might have acquired and as if it might possess **understanding**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God has not given it the instincts to take better care of its young”
39:17 c8hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הִשָּׁ֣⁠הּ אֱל֣וֹהַּ 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I have caused it to forget”
39:17 c8hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הִשָּׁ֣⁠הּ אֱל֣וֹהַּ חָכְמָ֑ה וְ⁠לֹא־חָ֥לַק 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I have caused it to forget wisdom, and I have not given”
39:18 bd6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כָּ֭⁠עֵת בַּ⁠מָּר֣וֹם תַּמְרִ֑יא 1 Yahweh is implicitly drawing a contrast between the apparently foolish behavior of the ostrich as a mother and its impressive physical capabilities, specifically how fast and powerfully it can run. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless, when it lifts itself on high”
39:18 k273 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּ֭⁠עֵת בַּ⁠מָּר֣וֹם תַּמְרִ֑יא 1 This expression does not refer to the ostrich flying, since ostriches cannot fly. Rather, it is a reference to what an ostrich does in order to run. It stretches to its full height and spreads and flaps its wings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless, when it runs”
39:18 y8sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּֽשְׂחַ֥ק לַ֝⁠סּ֗וּס וּ⁠לְ⁠רֹֽכְבֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking of the ostrich as if it could consciously express by laughing what it was thinking and feeling. Here the term **laughs** implicitly means laughing scornfully. The ostrich would express scorn towards a **horse** and its **rider** because it could run faster than the horse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it can run even faster than a horse”
39:19 jg2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַ⁠סּ֣וּס & צַוָּאר֣⁠וֹ רַעְמָֽה 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **horse**. He means horses in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “to horses … their necks with manes”
39:19 z5th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֲ⁠תַלְבִּ֖ישׁ צַוָּאר֣⁠וֹ רַעְמָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the **mane** of a **horse** were clothing that it wore. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Were you the one who gave horses such splendid manes”
39:20 lpb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הְֽ֭⁠תַרְעִישֶׁ⁠נּוּ כָּ⁠אַרְבֶּ֑ה 1 The point of this comparison is that horses can **jump** high and gracefully, just as a **locust** can easily jump high for its size. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “Are you the one who gave horses such graceful and powerful jumping ability”
39:20 lpb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הְֽ֭⁠תַרְעִישֶׁ⁠נּוּ כָּ⁠אַרְבֶּ֑ה 1 The point of this comparison is that a horse can **jump** high and gracefully, just as a **locust** can easily jump high for its size. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “Are you the one who gave horses such graceful and powerful jumping ability”
39:21 gcq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַחְפְּר֣וּ בָ֭⁠עֵמֶק 1 The pronoun **They** refers to horses. Since Yahweh uses singular pronouns in the rest of this section, it may be natural in your language to use a singular form here as well. Alternate translation: “It paws in the valley” or “A horse paws in the valley”
39:21 nvw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַחְפְּר֣וּ בָ֭⁠עֵמֶק 1 Yahweh is using the term **valley** by association to mean a battleground, since at this time armies would fight against each other in valleys. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Before a battle, a horse paws the ground”
39:21 k6rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠יָשִׂ֣ישׂ בְּ⁠כֹ֑חַ 1 Yahweh is speaking of a horse as if it could consciously **rejoice** over the **strength** that it had. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it prances mightily”
39:22 juq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִשְׂחַ֣ק לְ֭⁠פַחַד וְ⁠לֹ֣א יֵחָ֑ת 1 Yahweh is speaking of the horse as if it could consciously express by laughing what it was thinking and feeling. Here the term **laughs** implicitly means laughing scornfully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It does not feel fear; no, it is not frightened”
39:22 vse1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet יִשְׂחַ֣ק לְ֭⁠פַחַד וְ⁠לֹ֣א יֵחָ֑ת 1 These two expressions mean similar things. Yahweh is using them terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “It is not afraid at all”
39:22 uk9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ⁠לֹֽא־יָ֝שׁ֗וּב מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חָֽרֶב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **turn back**. Alternate translation: and it charges forward to the face of the sword”
39:22 uk9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ⁠לֹֽא־יָ֝שׁ֗וּב מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חָֽרֶב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **turn back**. Alternate translation: “and it charges forward to the face of the sword”
39:22 k274 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חָֽרֶב 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person or thing by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “from the presence of the sword”
39:22 k275 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִ⁠פְּנֵי־חָֽרֶב 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **sword**. He means swords in general and, by extension, all the weapons of an enemy army. Alternate translation: “from the weapons it encounters”
39:23 cvi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עָ֭לָי⁠ו תִּרְנֶ֣ה אַשְׁפָּ֑ה 1 A **quiver** is a container that holds arrows. At this time, quivers were typically made of leather. If your readers would not be familiar with what a quiver is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “The container for its rider’s arrows bounces against its side”
39:23 qlj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לַ֖הַב חֲנִ֣ית וְ⁠כִידֽוֹן 1 Yahweh is leaving some words that in many languages this sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “as does the flashing of the spear and the javelin”
39:23 q76b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לַ֖הַב חֲנִ֣ית וְ⁠כִידֽוֹן 1 Yahweh is using this possessive form to describe a **spear** and **javelin** that are characterized by **flashing**. These may have been made of wood, but they would have had metal points that gleamed in the sunlight. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “as do the spear and javelin whose points glisten in the sunlight”
39:24 sh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְגַמֶּא־אָ֑רֶץ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if a horse literally **swallows** the **ground** when it runs fast over it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It runs quickly over the ground”
39:24 sh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְגַמֶּא־אָ֑רֶץ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if a horse literally **swallows** the **ground** when it runs fast over it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it races over the ground” or “it gallops across the ground”
39:24 bkv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys בְּ⁠רַ֣עַשׁ וְ֭⁠רֹגֶז 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **rage** tells why the horse is **shaking**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation, preceded by a comma: “shaking with rage”
39:24 kx1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּי־ק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר 1 Yahweh is referring implicitly to when someone would blow a **horn** to signal that the army should advance into battle. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when it hears a horn sound the battle call”
39:24 yf1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝אֲמִ֗ין 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the verb **stand still**, which would be negative in this context. Alternate translation: “and it charges into battle”
39:24 yf1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝אֲמִ֗ין 1 Yahweh is expressing a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of his intended meaning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it charges forward”
39:25 k276 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠דֵ֤י שֹׁפָ֨ר 1 This expression means “as often as the horn sounds.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As often as the horn sounds”
39:25 q35d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יֹ֘אמַ֤ר הֶאָ֗ח 1 Yahweh is speaking of a horse as if it could speak and use this expression to show its delight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it snorts enthusiastically.”
39:25 k277 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יָרִ֣יחַ מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **battle** by association to mean the enemy army that is approaching to fight a battle with the army to which the horse belongs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it smells the enemy army approaching ”
@ -3119,9 +3120,9 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
39:27 cz3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־עַל־פִּ֭י⁠ךָ יַגְבִּ֣יהַּ נָ֑שֶׁר וְ֝⁠כִ֗י יָרִ֥ים קִנּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “It is not at your mouth that the eagle mounts up and that its nest is high, is it”
39:27 cd7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פִּ֭י⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh is using the term **mouth** to mean by association what Job may have said with his mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at your instruction”
39:28 k281 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet יִ֭שְׁכֹּן וְ⁠יִתְלֹנָ֑ן 1 The terms **dwells** and **lodges** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “It lives all the time” or “It makes its home”
39:28 u8qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys שֶׁן־סֶ֝֗לַע וּ⁠מְצוּדָֽה 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two expressions connected with **and**. The word **stronghold** describes the character of a **peak of a crag** something. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “on the inaccessible peak of a crag”
39:28 u8qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys שֶׁן־סֶ֝֗לַע וּ⁠מְצוּדָֽה 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two expressions connected with **and**. The word **stronghold** describes the character of a **peak of a crag**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “on the inaccessible peak of a crag”
39:29 ak87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְ֝⁠מֵ⁠רָח֗וֹק עֵינָ֥י⁠ו יַבִּֽיטוּ 1 See how you translated the expression “to from afar” in [36:3](../36/03.md). Alternate translation: “its eyes look to distant places”
39:29 t32l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ֝⁠מֵ⁠רָח֗וֹק עֵינָ֥י⁠ו יַבִּֽיטוּ 1 Yahweh is using one part of an eagle, its **eyes**, to mean all of it in the act of looking for food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is able to see things that are far away”
39:29 t32l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ֝⁠מֵ⁠רָח֗וֹק עֵינָ֥י⁠ו יַבִּֽיטוּ 1 Yahweh is using one part of an eagle, its **eyes**, to mean all of it in the act of looking for food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: "it can spot its prey far in the distance"
39:30 s29l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְאֶפְרֹחָ֥יו יְעַלְעוּ־דָ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using one thing that **eaglets** do when they consume freshly killed prey, **suck up blood**, to mean the entire act of eating such prey, which would include smaller birds and small mammals. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And it brings fresh prey for its eaglets to eat”
39:30 iv5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וּ⁠בַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֲ֝לָלִ֗ים שָׁ֣ם הֽוּא 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **slain** as a noun to mean people and animals in a certain condition. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “but it also feeds on the flesh of people and animals that others have killed”
40:intro k9mj 0 # Job 40 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of verses 1–2, 4–5, and 7–24 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are poetry.\n\n- Verses 1–2: Yahweh challenges Job to respond to what he has said so far.\n- Verses 3–5: Job replies that he has nothing to say in response.\n- Verses 6–14 Yahweh tells Job that if he wishes to judge the world as he would do, he must display power and justice in subduing wicked people.\n- Verses 15–24 Yahweh tells Job to consider a great creature named Behemoth. \n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Behemoth\n\nTo help Job continue to recognize that he occupies a small and insignificant place within creation, Yahweh describes the strength and power of one of his great creatures, Behemoth. While this animal was known in the time of Job, its exact identity is now uncertain. You may therefore wish to use the name Behemoth in your translation, spelling it the way it sounds in your language, rather than trying to specify a particular animal that Yahweh is describing. The UST models this approach.\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Justice\n\nIn verse 8, Yahweh asks Job whether he wishes to decide what is right. and then in the next verse, Yahweh asks Job whether he has great power. However, Yahweh is not suggesting that might makes right. Rather, he is asking Job whether he has the might to make things right, as he then describes in verses 10–14. In verse 10, the terms "majesty," "greatness," "glory," and "splendor" describe moral qualities, not simply power. See if you have terms available in your language that can convey this meaning in your translation.
@ -3166,7 +3167,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
40:15 t3an rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְ֭הֵמוֹת 1 See the discussion of the name **Behemoth** in the General Notes to this chapter to decide how to represent this name in your translation.
40:15 k307 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתִי עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ 1 Yahweh means that he made Behemoth just as he made Job, not that he made Behemoth at the same time when he made Job. Alternate translation: “which I myself created, just as I created you”
40:15 h3k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast חָ֝צִ֗יר כַּ⁠בָּקָ֥ר יֹאכֵֽל 1 There is an implied contrast here. This great beast has the size and strength to hunt and kill other animals; nevertheless, it lives on plants. (This may be an implicit indication that such great wild beasts remain under the restraint of Yahweh.) You may wish to indicate this contrast in your translation, in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “despite its great size and strength, it eats grass like an ox”
40:15 k308 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche חָ֝צִ֗יר 1 While it is true that a hippopotamus will sometimes leave its river habitat to eat plants that grow in the ground, as verse 20 indicates, it generally feeds on plants that grow in the water, as verse 21 suggests. So Yahweh is probably using one kind of plant, **grass**, to mean all kinds of green plants that such animals eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “green plants”
40:15 k308 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche חָ֝צִ֗יר 1 Yahweh is probably using one kind of plant, **grass**, to mean all kinds of green plants that animals eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “green plants”
40:16 utj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs- exclamations הִנֵּה־נָ֣א כֹח֣⁠וֹ בְ⁠מָתְנָ֑י⁠ו וְ֝⁠אֹנ֗⁠וֹ בִּ⁠שְׁרִירֵ֥י בִטְנֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is once again using the term **behold** to mean “consider.” In this instance, it may be natural in your language to translate these statements as exclamations that are calling for Job’s attention. Alternate translation: “What strength it has in its loins! What power it has in the muscles of its belly!”
40:17 t5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile יַחְפֹּ֣ץ זְנָב֣⁠וֹ כְמוֹ־אָ֑רֶז 1 The point of this comparison is that just as the branch of a **cedar** tree is flexible but strong, so this beast can raise its tail and hold it flexibly in the air. The ability to hold a tail upright, which older animals can no longer do, is a sign of youthful strength. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “It shows its vigor by holding up its tail as if that were a cedar branch”
40:17 k309 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גִּידֵ֖י פַחֲדָ֣יו יְשֹׂרָֽגוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sinews of its thighs hold tightly to one another”
@ -3180,7 +3181,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
40:19 k313 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָ֝⁠עֹשׂ⁠וֹ יַגֵּ֥שׁ חַרְבּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking of Behemoth as if it literally had a **sword**. The following verse suggests that he is most likely referring to the long, sharp tusks that it used to shear the plants that it ate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When I made it, I provided it with long, sharp tusks”
40:20 k314 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּֽי 1 Yahweh is using the word **For** to introduce the reason why he created Behemoth with long, sharp tusks. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “I gave it tusks because”
40:20 f3ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ב֭וּל הָרִ֣ים יִשְׂאוּ־ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking of these **hills** as if they were living things that could **provide food** for Behemoth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it eats the plants that grow on the hills”
40:20 k315 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָרִ֣ים יִשְׂאוּ 1 The term **hills** likely refers in this context to the higher ground on both sides of the Nile River. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the higher ground on the sides of the river provides”
40:20 k315 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָרִ֣ים יִשְׂאוּ 1 The term **hills** likely refers in this context to the higher ground on both sides of the river in which Behemoth lives. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the higher ground on the sides of the river provides”
40:20 k316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽ⁠כָל־חַיַּ֥ת הַ֝⁠שָּׂדֶ֗ה יְשַֽׂחֲקוּ־שָֽׁם 1 Yahweh means implicitly that the **beasts of the field** can **play** where Behemoth is feeding because it eats plants and so it will not harm them. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and so it leaves the nearby beasts of the field peacefully alone” or “and so it does not harm any of the nearby beasts of the field”
40:21 h567 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צֶאֱלִ֥ים 1 It is uncertain exactly what kind of **trees** Yahweh is describing here, although it is clear that they are a type that grows on riverbanks. You may wish to use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “shade trees”
40:21 uth5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys קָנֶ֣ה וּ⁠בִצָּֽה 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **marsh** tells what kind of **reed** is in view. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “marsh reeds” or “the reeds of the marsh”
@ -3204,7 +3205,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
41:3 d9dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הֲ⁠יַרְבֶּ֣ה אֵ֭לֶי⁠ךָ תַּחֲנוּנִ֑ים אִם־יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֵלֶ֣י⁠ךָ רַכּֽוֹת 1 Yahweh is speaking as if Leviathan could talk intelligently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If it could speak, it would not multiply supplications to you! If it could talk, it would not say tender things to you!”
41:3 k324 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הֲ⁠יַרְבֶּ֣ה אֵ֭לֶי⁠ךָ תַּחֲנוּנִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **supplications**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “It would not keep begging you to release it!”
41:3 k325 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֵלֶ֣י⁠ךָ רַכּֽוֹת 1 Yahweh is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “It would not speak tender things to you, would it?”
41:3 k326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אִם־יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֵלֶ֣י⁠ךָ רַכּֽוֹת 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **tender** as a noun to mean a certain kind of saying. The ULT adds the word **things** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “It would not speak courteously to you, would it”
41:3 k326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אִם־יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֵלֶ֣י⁠ךָ רַכּֽוֹת 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **tender** as a noun to mean a certain kind of saying. The ULT adds the word **things** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “It would not speak politely to you, would it”
41:4 lt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יִכְרֹ֣ת בְּרִ֣ית עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ תִּ֝קָּחֶ֗⁠נּוּ לְ⁠עֶ֣בֶד עוֹלָֽם 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “It would not cut a covenant with you! You could not take it for a servant forever!”
41:4 k4da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הֲ⁠יִכְרֹ֣ת בְּרִ֣ית עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if Leviathan could intelligently make legal arrangements. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If it could cut covenants, it would not cut one with you!”
41:4 k327 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֲ⁠יִכְרֹ֣ת בְּרִ֣ית 1 See how you translated the expression “cut a covenant” in [31:1](../31/01.md). Alternate translation: “Will it make a covenant”
@ -3222,7 +3223,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
41:9 s2he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִכְזָ֑בָה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is deceptive” or “is false”
41:9 k333 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠גַ֖ם אֶל־מַרְאָ֣י⁠ו יֻטָֽל 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “one is cast down even at its appearance!”
41:9 k334 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֲ⁠גַ֖ם אֶל־מַרְאָ֣י⁠ו יֻטָֽל 1 This question anticipates a positive answer. If you decide to retain the question form in your translation, you may need to make the question negative, as the ULT does, in order to indicate that.
41:9 k335 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הֲ⁠גַ֖ם אֶל־מַרְאָ֣י⁠ו יֻטָֽל 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “does one not fall over even at its appearance”
41:9 k335 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הֲ⁠גַ֖ם אֶל־מַרְאָ֣י⁠ו יֻטָֽל 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “does not one fall over even at its appearance”
41:9 x9zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole הֲ⁠גַ֖ם אֶל־מַרְאָ֣י⁠ו יֻטָֽל 1 When Yahweh says that the mere **appearance** of Leviathan is enough to knock a person over, this is an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “is not its mere appearance overwhelmingly terrifying”
41:10 k336 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְעוּרֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if Leviathan were literally asleep and someone might **awaken** it. He is referring to disturbing or attacking Leviathan when it is not acting hostilely. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will disturb it” or “he will attack it”
41:10 wj5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מִ֥י ה֝֗וּא לְ⁠פָנַ֥⁠י יִתְיַצָּֽב 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Then surely no one will stand to my face!”
@ -3245,7 +3246,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
41:15 k346 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification גַּ֭אֲוָה 1 Yahweh is speaking of Leviathan as if it were a living thing that could take **pride** in its scales. He means that it could be confident in their protection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are its protection”
41:15 k347 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סָ֝ג֗וּר חוֹתָ֥ם צָֽר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “A tight seal shuts them together”
41:15 s54h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סָ֝ג֗וּר חוֹתָ֥ם צָֽר 1 Yahweh is speaking as if a **tight seal** literally held the scales of Leviathan closely to one another. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison. Alternate translation: “They overlap closely, as if a seal held them together”
41:16 cs18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ֝⁠ר֗וּחַ לֹא־יָב֥וֹא בֵֽינֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 As an overstatement for emphasis, Yahweh says that not even **air** comes **between** the scales of Leviathan. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “and there is no space between them”
41:16 cs18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ֝⁠ר֗וּחַ לֹא־יָב֥וֹא בֵֽינֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 As an overstatement for emphasis, Yahweh says that not even **air** comes **between** the scales of Leviathan. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “and there is no space at all between them”
41:17 z5wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִישׁ־בְּ⁠אָחִ֥י⁠הוּ יְדֻבָּ֑קוּ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if a scale were literally a **man** and the scale next to it were literally his **brother**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each scale is joined together with the scale next to it”
41:17 x9sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אִישׁ־בְּ⁠אָחִ֥י⁠הוּ יְדֻבָּ֑קוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Each scale closely adjoins the scale next to it”
41:17 k348 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִ֝תְלַכְּד֗וּ וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ 1 Yahweh is speaking of the scales of Leviathan as if they were living things that could **clasp themselves** together and potentially **separate themselves** (although they do not). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they overlap, with no separation between them”
@ -3274,7 +3275,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
41:28 jl4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ֝⁠קַ֗שׁ נֶהְפְּכוּ־ל֥⁠וֹ אַבְנֵי־קָֽלַע 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **stones** slung at Leviathan from a sling would literally become **chaff**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “stones slung at it do not hurt it any more than chaff would”
41:29 zzu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כְּ֭⁠קַשׁ נֶחְשְׁב֣וּ תוֹתָ֑ח 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It regards clubs as chaff”
41:29 k361 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כְּ֭⁠קַשׁ נֶחְשְׁב֣וּ תוֹתָ֑ח 1 Yahweh is speaking as if Leviathan could intelligently make judgments about the strength of weapons that people might use against it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It senses no more danger from a club than it would from chaff”
41:29 yn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠יִשְׂחַ֗ק לְ⁠רַ֣עַשׁ כִּידֽוֹן 1 Yahweh is speaking of Leviathan as if it would laugh in derision if someone threatened it by shaking a spear at it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a spear could not harm it”
41:29 yn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠יִשְׂחַ֗ק לְ⁠רַ֣עַשׁ כִּידֽוֹן 1 Yahweh is speaking of Leviathan as if it would laugh in derision if someone threatened it by shaking a spear at it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it scorns the threat of a spear”
41:30 k362 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּ֭חְתָּי⁠ו חַדּ֣וּדֵי חָ֑רֶשׂ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if Leviathan literally had **points of a shard** underneath it, sharp pieces of broken pottery. This is a poetic reference to the sharp scales that are on its underbelly. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison. Alternate translation: “It has pointed scales on its underbelly that are as sharp as pieces of broken pottery”
41:30 sy31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile יִרְפַּ֖ד חָר֣וּץ עֲלֵי־טִֽיט 1 The point of this comparison could be that: (1) Leviathan spreads a trail through the mud the way a threshing sledge would leave a trail of separated grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “it tears up the mud as it moves along, leaving a distinct trail as a threshing sledge does” (2) that Leviathan spreads itself out heavily in the mud. Alternate translation: “it spreads itself heavily, like a threshing sledge, upon the mud”
41:31 p2f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַרְתִּ֣יחַ כַּ⁠סִּ֣יר מְצוּלָ֑ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **pot** by association to mean the water in a pot that someone was heating to make the water boil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It makes the deep boil like the water in a pot that someone is heating”

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