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Replace "you can" with "you could" in OT

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Larry Sallee 2022-09-28 15:05:49 -04:00
parent cbd2a13b17
commit 3a84ef858d
16 changed files with 288 additions and 288 deletions
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en_tn_27-DAN.tsv
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ DAN 1 4 im8m 0 king’s palace This is the large house or building where the k
DAN 1 4 gg5x 0 He was to teach them Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to teach them”
DAN 1 5 v9dg figs-metonymy 0 The king counted out for them The king’s officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The king’s officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 1 5 vq2i 0 his delicacies the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
DAN 1 5 ex12 figs-activepassive 0 These young men were to be trained If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 1 5 ex12 figs-activepassive 0 These young men were to be trained If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 1 5 bj35 0 trained Alternate translation: “taught skills”
DAN 1 6 ln29 0 Among these Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel”
DAN 1 7 k7uc 0 The chief official This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar’s highest official.
@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ DAN 2 4 k6f2 translate-names 0 Aramaic This is the language that people in Baby
DAN 2 4 b8zx 0 King, live forever! The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!”
DAN 2 4 n36i 0 us, your servants The men called themselves the king’s servants to show him respect.
DAN 2 4 cba4 figs-exclusive 0 we will reveal Here the word “we” refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DAN 2 5 mdp2 figs-activepassive 0 This matter has been settled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have already decided what to do about this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 5 nw8r figs-activepassive 0 your bodies will be torn apart and your houses made into rubbish heaps If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 6 xv1k figs-activepassive 0 you will receive gifts from me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 5 mdp2 figs-activepassive 0 This matter has been settled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have already decided what to do about this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 5 nw8r figs-activepassive 0 your bodies will be torn apart and your houses made into rubbish heaps If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 6 xv1k figs-activepassive 0 you will receive gifts from me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 7 ux2h figs-123person 0 Let the king tell us The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 2 8 h6gf figs-metaphor 0 you see how firm my decision is about this A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 2 9 ef89 0 there is only one sentence for you Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you”
@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ DAN 2 11 n99m figs-litotes 0 there is no one who can tell it to the king except
DAN 2 12 xu8y figs-doublet 0 angry and very furious These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 2 12 y1cf 0 all those in Babylon Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon”
DAN 2 13 w1hk figs-personification 0 So the decree went out The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 2 13 m5cr figs-activepassive 0 all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 13 d4wp figs-activepassive 0 so they could be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 13 m5cr figs-activepassive 0 all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 13 d4wp figs-activepassive 0 so they could be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 14 fm3n figs-doublet 0 prudence and discretion These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 2 14 cj8p translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 14 a4fa 0 bodyguard This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.
@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ DAN 2 16 jl4r 0 requested an appointment with the king Alternate translation:
DAN 2 17 bbc8 0 his house This is referring to Daniel’s house.
DAN 2 17 ijt3 0 what had happened Alternate translation: “about the king’s decree”
DAN 2 18 uh7c 0 He urged them to seek mercy Alternate translation: “He begged them to pray for mercy”
DAN 2 18 yhz1 figs-activepassive 0 so that he and they might not be killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the king’s bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 19 nq22 figs-activepassive 0 That night the mystery was revealed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 18 yhz1 figs-activepassive 0 so that he and they might not be killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the king’s bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 19 nq22 figs-activepassive 0 That night the mystery was revealed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 19 s94i 0 the mystery This is referring to the king’s dream and its meaning.
DAN 2 20 e8z9 figs-metonymy 0 Praise the name of God Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 2 21 p54i 0 General Information: These verses are also part of Daniel’s prayer.
@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ DAN 2 23 x268 0 made known to us the matter that concerns the king Alternate t
DAN 2 24 le8h translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 24 fs73 0 everyone who was wise Alternate translation: “the wise men”
DAN 2 26 z3qq translate-names 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 27 b59r figs-activepassive 0 The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 27 b59r figs-activepassive 0 The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 27 r8dh 0 The mystery that the king has asked about This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
DAN 2 29 as3u figs-explicit 0 the one who reveals mysteries This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: “God, who reveals mysteries” or “God, who makes mysteries known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 2 30 v6bt figs-activepassive 0 this mystery was not revealed to me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God did not reveal this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 30 qk3n figs-activepassive 0 This mystery was revealed to me so that you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 30 v6bt figs-activepassive 0 this mystery was not revealed to me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God did not reveal this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 30 qk3n figs-activepassive 0 This mystery was revealed to me so that you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 30 ca22 figs-synecdoche 0 know the thoughts deep within you This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the person’s mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”
DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”
@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ DAN 2 40 d7bf figs-simile 0 strong as iron The fourth kingdom is spoken of as b
DAN 2 40 rjj2 writing-symlanguage 0 It will shatter all these things and crush them This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
DAN 2 41 lp4z 0 Just as you saw Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
DAN 2 41 bc2q figs-activepassive 0 were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 41 bc2q figs-activepassive 0 were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together Alternate translation: “they will not remain united”
DAN 2 44 fan9 0 In the days of those kings Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
DAN 2 44 d96c figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 45 u69a figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 44 d96c figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 45 u69a figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 45 xc85 0 reliable trustworthy and correct
DAN 2 46 hb4s translate-symaction 0 fell on his face This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 2 46 xf46 figs-activepassive 0 an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 46 xf46 figs-activepassive 0 an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 47 jz9s 0 Truly your God Alternate translation: “It is true that your God”
DAN 2 47 q3ru 0 the God of gods, the Lord of kings Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”
DAN 2 47 ifr1 0 the one who reveals mysteries Translate “the one who reveals mysteries” as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md).
@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ DAN 3 2 yr48 0 treasurers These officials are in charge of money.
DAN 3 3 qh6f 0 the provincial governors, regional governors,…officials of the provinces See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
DAN 3 3 wy5b figs-metonymy 0 the statue that Nebuchadnezzar had set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that Nebuchadnezzar’s men had set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 4 huk2 0 herald This person is an official messenger for the king.
DAN 3 4 z125 figs-activepassive 0 You are commanded If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “The king commands you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 4 z125 figs-activepassive 0 You are commanded If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “The king commands you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 4 by5m figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 5 xs6t 0 zithers These are musical instruments similar to harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings.
DAN 3 5 c6tz 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
DAN 3 5 mml9 translate-symaction 0 prostrate yourselves to “stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 6 z9s5 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 6 z9s5 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 6 xue4 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
DAN 3 6 x9ik 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire.
DAN 3 7 x2pp 0 all the peoples, nations, and languages Here “all” that means all the people who were present.
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ DAN 3 9 hf48 0 King, live forever This was a common greeting to the king.
DAN 3 10 dzb5 0 the horns, flutes … and pipes These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
DAN 3 10 jiv5 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
DAN 3 10 h3iu translate-symaction 0 prostrate himself to The people would do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch himself out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 11 u6bm figs-activepassive 0 Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 11 u6bm figs-activepassive 0 Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 11 qdc6 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
DAN 3 11 p2l2 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
DAN 3 12 in2b 0 affairs matters having to do with government
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ DAN 3 15 l9el 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
DAN 3 15 ws27 translate-symaction 0 prostrate yourselves to stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 15 vth1 0 all will be well Alternate translation: “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go”
DAN 3 15 td6r figs-metonymy 0 the statue that I have made Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 15 gz3y figs-activepassive 0 you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 15 gz3y figs-activepassive 0 you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 15 sl8a 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
DAN 3 15 z8gt figs-rquestion 0 Who is the god … my hands? The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. Alternate translation: “No god is able to rescue you from my power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DAN 3 15 hw83 figs-metonymy 0 out of my hands Here “hands” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -189,22 +189,22 @@ DAN 3 18 mc1d 0 But if not, let it be known to you, king, that Alternate trans
DAN 3 18 p84a translate-symaction 0 prostrate ourselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 18 iq7t figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue you set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 19 bt7k figs-metaphor 0 Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 3 19 e99g figs-idiom 0 He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven times hotter than it was normally heated Here “seven times hotter” is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 19 e99g figs-idiom 0 He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven times hotter than it was normally heated Here “seven times hotter” is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 21 r7tt 0 turbans A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth.
DAN 3 21 xya5 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
DAN 3 22 v2v9 figs-activepassive 0 Because the king’s command was strictly followed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 22 v2v9 figs-activepassive 0 Because the king’s command was strictly followed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 24 kzd8 0 Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right”
DAN 3 25 gy5s translate-ordinal 0 The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 3 27 ru5i 0 The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
DAN 3 27 g7e8 figs-activepassive 0 the hair on their heads was not singed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 27 g7e8 figs-activepassive 0 the hair on their heads was not singed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 27 jr79 0 was not singed Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little”
DAN 3 27 nuu7 figs-activepassive 0 their robes were not harmed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 27 nuu7 figs-activepassive 0 their robes were not harmed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 27 hv4b 0 there was no smell of fire on them Alternate translation: “they did not smell like fire”
DAN 3 28 x5ha figs-metaphor 0 they set aside my command Not obeying the king’s command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 3 28 uld8 figs-idiom 0 they gave up their bodies This phrase refers to the three men’s willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 3 28 iz7q translate-symaction 0 prostrate themselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 28 s95d 0 any god except their God Alternate translation: “any other god except their God”
DAN 3 29 pnl6 figs-activepassive 0 any people, nation, or language … must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 29 pnl6 figs-activepassive 0 any people, nation, or language … must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 29 h7gq figs-metonymy 0 any people, nation, or language that speaks Here “nations” and “language” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 29 qb3c 0 speaks anything against the God Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God”
DAN 3 29 t5vb 0 must be torn apart Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart”
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ DAN 4 5 fmk5 figs-doublet 0 a dream … the images … the visions These phrase
DAN 4 5 u6n6 figs-parallelism 0 made me afraid … troubled me These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 4 6 ep7g 0 all the men of Babylon who had wisdom Alternate translation: “all the wise men of Babylon”
DAN 4 7 l5u7 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 8 aej3 figs-activepassive 0 who is named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 8 aej3 figs-activepassive 0 who is named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 8 dhx3 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
DAN 4 9 x1x7 0 no mystery is too difficult for you The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you understand the meaning of every mystery”
DAN 4 10 vz2b figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ DAN 4 15 eb7u 0 stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left a
DAN 4 15 e8lj 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
DAN 4 16 f3wx figs-pronouns 0 Let his mind be changed … seven years pass by Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns “his” and “him” in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun “it” in verse 15. Alternate translation: “The man’s mind will change from a man’s mind to an animal’s mind for a period of seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DAN 4 17 k6kq figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 17 j1fe figs-activepassive 0 It is a decision made by the holy ones If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 17 j1fe figs-activepassive 0 It is a decision made by the holy ones If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 17 m2np figs-explicit 0 the holy ones This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 4 17 y8ih 0 those who are alive Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone”
DAN 4 17 aas5 0 gives them Alternate translation: “gives the kingdoms”
@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ DAN 4 18 kjd4 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel.
DAN 4 18 jr6i 0 you are able to do so Alternate translation: “you are able to interpret it”
DAN 4 18 pl5q 0 the spirit of the holy gods Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
DAN 4 19 n8fk figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 19 u9rc figs-activepassive 0 who was also named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 19 u9rc figs-activepassive 0 who was also named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 19 a33v figs-explicit 0 was greatly upset for a while, and his thoughts alarmed him Daniel’s understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. Alternate translation: “did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 4 19 kf99 0 may the dream be for those who hate you; may its interpretation be for your enemies Daniel is expressing his wish that the dream was not about Nebuchadnezzar, even though he knew that it really was about the king.
DAN 4 20 vj36 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in [Daniel 4:11](../04/11.md). See how you translated that verse.
@ -265,14 +265,14 @@ DAN 4 23 c89t 0 the stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is le
DAN 4 23 i27p 0 in the middle of the tender grass of the field Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”
DAN 4 23 bx4z 0 dew the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings
DAN 4 24 f3tz 0 that has reached you Alternate translation: “that you have heard”
DAN 4 25 fd8s figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven from among men If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 25 gq52 figs-activepassive 0 You will be made to eat grass If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 25 fd8s figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven from among men If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 25 gq52 figs-activepassive 0 You will be made to eat grass If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 26 fgn1 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 26 tcg3 figs-metonymy 0 heaven rules Here “heaven” refers to God who lives in heaven. Alternate translation: “God in heaven is the ruler of all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 4 27 yna6 figs-activepassive 0 let my advice be acceptable to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please accept my advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 27 yna6 figs-activepassive 0 let my advice be acceptable to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please accept my advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 27 s3j8 figs-metaphor 0 Turn away from your iniquities Here rejecting iniquity is spoken of as turning away from it. Alternate translation: “Reject your iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 4 27 j7av figs-nominaladj 0 the oppressed This nominal adjective refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “people who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DAN 4 27 a7um figs-activepassive 0 it may be that your prosperity will be extended If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God may extend your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 27 a7um figs-activepassive 0 it may be that your prosperity will be extended If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God may extend your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 28 rq19 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 29 jn5h figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 29 ns6t translate-numbers 0 Twelve months “12 months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -281,20 +281,20 @@ DAN 4 30 csl9 0 for the glory of my majesty Alternate translation: “to show
DAN 4 31 g7xg figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 31 fjl7 figs-idiom 0 While the words were still on the lips of the king This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 4 31 cv67 0 a voice came from heaven Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven”
DAN 4 31 pt4u figs-activepassive 0 King Nebuchadnezzar … has been taken away from you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 32 f4us figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven away from people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 31 pt4u figs-activepassive 0 King Nebuchadnezzar … has been taken away from you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 32 f4us figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven away from people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 32 m551 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whoever he chooses”
DAN 4 33 ydj8 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 33 xpp3 figs-activepassive 0 This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 33 chd6 figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 33 xpp3 figs-activepassive 0 This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 33 chd6 figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 33 t4b6 0 his nails became like birds’ claws Alternate translation: “his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”
DAN 4 34 amm1 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 34 b17l 0 At the end of the days This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](../04/32.md).
DAN 4 34 ltf5 figs-activepassive 0 my sanity was given back to me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 34 ltf5 figs-activepassive 0 my sanity was given back to me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 34 ucj3 figs-parallelism 0 I praised … and I honored The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 4 34 nk8u figs-parallelism 0 For his reign is an everlasting reign … his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God’s reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 4 35 ce6u figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 35 dgr8 figs-activepassive 0 All the earth’s inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 35 dgr8 figs-activepassive 0 All the earth’s inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 35 cpy8 0 All the earth’s inhabitants Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth”
DAN 4 35 p415 0 the army of heaven Alternate translation: “the angel armies in heaven”
DAN 4 35 zpn8 0 whatever suits his will Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”
@ -305,17 +305,17 @@ DAN 4 36 rz1d figs-personification 0 my sanity returned to me Here his sanity i
DAN 4 36 pb8a figs-personification 0 my majesty and splendor returned to me Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 4 36 nq38 figs-doublet 0 majesty and splendor These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 4 36 c3xy 0 my noblemen sought my favor Alternate translation: “my noblemen requested my help again”
DAN 4 36 ks6b figs-metonymy 0 I was brought … greatness was given to me Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 36 ks6b figs-metonymy 0 I was brought … greatness was given to me Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 37 zgl2 figs-doublet 0 praise, extol, and honor All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 4 37 g1df figs-idiom 0 who walk in their own pride This phrase uses “walk” to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 5 intro e9pc 0 # Daniel 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The writing on the wall<br><br>God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin<br>These are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.
DAN 5 1 cc4z translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 5 1 ix8k translate-numbers 0 for a thousand “for 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 5 1 tre4 0 he drank wine in front of Alternate translation: “he drank wine in the presence of”
DAN 5 2 cz6e figs-activepassive 0 the containers made of gold or silver If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 2 cz6e figs-activepassive 0 the containers made of gold or silver If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 2 gsi3 0 containers These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them.
DAN 5 2 lad2 figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken Here “Nebuchadnezzar” refers to Nebuchadnezzar’s army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzar’s army” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 3 i1zm figs-activepassive 0 the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 3 i1zm figs-activepassive 0 the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 3 msp6 0 out of the temple, the house of God “out of God’s temple.” The phrase “the house of God” tells us something more about the temple.
DAN 5 5 lkd1 0 At that moment Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly”
DAN 5 5 cra1 0 plaster cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries
@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ DAN 5 6 jn25 0 the king’s face changed “his face became pale.” This was
DAN 5 6 gbd6 0 his limbs Alternate translation: “his legs”
DAN 5 6 iee9 0 his knees were knocking together This was the result of his extreme fear.
DAN 5 7 gz5c 0 those known for their wisdom in Babylon This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers.
DAN 5 7 ybp9 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 7 ybp9 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 7 ms1t figs-explicit 0 clothed with purple Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 5 7 x9vi translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 5 9 n4ln translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -334,17 +334,17 @@ DAN 5 10 x55i 0 King, live forever! This was a normal way to greet the king.
DAN 5 10 zq7c 0 Do not let the look on your face change Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale”
DAN 5 11 bql4 0 the spirit of the holy gods The queen believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
DAN 5 11 c4n6 0 In the days of your father Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling”
DAN 5 11 ss1z figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 11 ss1z figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 11 jg2l 0 King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king Alternate translation: “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar”
DAN 5 12 n7wa figs-activepassive 0 these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 12 b8d3 figs-activepassive 0 what has been written “what has been written on the wall.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 13 hn7g figs-activepassive 0 Then Daniel was brought before the king If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 12 n7wa figs-activepassive 0 these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 12 b8d3 figs-activepassive 0 what has been written “what has been written on the wall.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 13 hn7g figs-activepassive 0 Then Daniel was brought before the king If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 13 sd23 figs-metonymy 0 whom my father the king brought out of Judah In this phrase “father” is being used to represent all of the soldiers. Alternate translation: “whom my father’s soldiers brought out of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 14 yxu5 0 the spirit of the gods Belshazzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
DAN 5 14 y4ey figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 15 c33v figs-activepassive 0 Now the men known … have been brought in before me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 14 y4ey figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 15 c33v figs-activepassive 0 Now the men known … have been brought in before me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 15 u817 0 make known to me Alternate translation: “tell me”
DAN 5 16 u2ey figs-activepassive 0 you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 16 u2ey figs-activepassive 0 you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 16 iyy2 figs-explicit 0 clothed with purple Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 5 16 pud4 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 5 17 evt4 0 Let your gifts be for yourself, and Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts, so”
@ -358,8 +358,8 @@ DAN 5 19 db8z 0 he humbled those he wished Alternate translation: “he humble
DAN 5 20 zu9p figs-synecdoche 0 his heart was arrogant Here “heart” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 5 20 g3wq figs-synecdoche 0 his spirit was hardened Here “spirit” refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: “the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 5 20 w2tx 0 presumptuously rudely and overly confident
DAN 5 20 nl2n figs-metonymy 0 he was brought down from his kingly throne Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people took away his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 21 sl3g figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from humanity If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 20 nl2n figs-metonymy 0 he was brought down from his kingly throne Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people took away his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 21 sl3g figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from humanity If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 21 v3b5 figs-metonymy 0 he had the mind of an animal Here “mind” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 21 amq8 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
DAN 5 21 m4na 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses”
@ -369,17 +369,17 @@ DAN 5 23 fmz3 figs-metaphor 0 You have lifted yourself up against the Lord To r
DAN 5 23 qc6h figs-explicit 0 From his house What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “From his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 5 23 kj78 figs-metonymy 0 God who holds your breath in his hand Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God who gives you breath” or “God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 23 th44 0 all your ways Alternate translation: “everything you do”
DAN 5 24 i8fs figs-activepassive 0 this writing was done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 25 rcy6 figs-activepassive 0 This is the writing that was done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 24 i8fs figs-activepassive 0 this writing was done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 25 rcy6 figs-activepassive 0 This is the writing that was done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 25 ea1k translate-transliterate 0 Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
DAN 5 26 tg8v 0 ‘Mene,’ ‘God has numbered Alternate translation: “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”
DAN 5 27 q5iv 0 ‘Tekel,’ ‘you are weighed Alternate translation: “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”
DAN 5 27 sg5z figs-metaphor 0 you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 27 sg5z figs-metaphor 0 you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 28 b18p 0 ‘Peres,’ ‘your kingdom Alternate translation: “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.”
DAN 5 28 jb22 0 Peres This is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25.
DAN 5 28 j1p8 figs-activepassive 0 your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 28 j1p8 figs-activepassive 0 your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 29 j9jg translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 5 29 uvj8 figs-activepassive 0 A chain of gold was put around his neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 29 uvj8 figs-activepassive 0 A chain of gold was put around his neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 29 nfx6 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 5 31 c2bj 0 received the kingdom Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom”
DAN 5 31 y1si translate-numbers 0 when he was about sixty-two years old “when he was about 62 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -394,14 +394,14 @@ DAN 6 3 aig7 figs-synecdoche 0 he had an extraordinary spirit Here “spirit”
DAN 6 3 ef6f 0 extraordinary spirit spirit that made him do better than the others
DAN 6 3 ry6m 0 to put him over Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”
DAN 6 4 ex6l figs-explicit 0 Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors … for the kingdom The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 6 4 rl5p figs-activepassive 0 No mistakes or negligence was found in him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 4 rl5p figs-activepassive 0 No mistakes or negligence was found in him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 4 zn7x 0 negligence overly looking your responsibilities
DAN 6 5 ek64 0 to complain against this Daniel Alternate translation: “to complain about Daniel”
DAN 6 6 yf8j 0 brought a plan before the king Alternate translation: “presented a plan to the king”
DAN 6 6 ll7v 0 may you live forever! This was a normal way to greet a king.
DAN 6 7 x89h translate-numbers 0 for thirty days “for 30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 6 7 bw29 0 whoever makes a petition Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request”
DAN 6 7 l2iq figs-activepassive 0 that person must be thrown into the den of lions If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 7 l2iq figs-activepassive 0 that person must be thrown into the den of lions If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 7 h7ip 0 den of lions This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept.
DAN 6 8 nj57 0 Connecting Statement: In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king.
DAN 6 8 v5i8 0 as directed by the laws Alternate translation: “according to the laws”
@ -429,13 +429,13 @@ DAN 6 17 szf5 0 den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See
DAN 6 17 xjj7 figs-explicit 0 the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles … concerning Daniel The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 6 17 p5t2 0 nothing might be changed concerning Daniel Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel”
DAN 6 18 un1j translate-symaction 0 he went through the night fasting This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 6 18 a3xd figs-activepassive 0 No entertainment was brought before him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 18 a3xd figs-activepassive 0 No entertainment was brought before him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 18 sb8r figs-personification 0 sleep fled from him Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 6 19 e2wc 0 lions’ den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
DAN 6 22 qn4t figs-activepassive 0 For I was found blameless If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 22 qn4t figs-activepassive 0 For I was found blameless If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 22 ssq6 0 I have done you no harm Alternate translation: “I have not harmed you at all”
DAN 6 23 r1eg 0 den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
DAN 6 23 qf7q figs-activepassive 0 No harm was found on him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 23 qf7q figs-activepassive 0 No harm was found on him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 24 qwh3 0 Before they reached the floor Alternate translation: “Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”
DAN 6 24 r63c 0 broke all their bones to pieces Alternate translation: “crushed their bones”
DAN 6 25 ty2g figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ DAN 6 26 n6v5 figs-doublet 0 tremble and fear These two words are similar and c
DAN 6 26 s8va 0 the God of Daniel Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships”
DAN 6 26 ma86 figs-parallelism 0 he is the living God and lives forever The two phrases “the living God” and “lives forever” express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 6 26 xw4k figs-parallelism 0 his kingdom shall … his dominion shall These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God’s kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 6 26 s6yl figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom shall not be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 26 s6yl figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom shall not be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 26 fcy1 0 his dominion shall be to the end Alternate translation: “he will rule forever”
DAN 6 27 bld2 0 he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
DAN 6 28 a5br 0 during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius.
@ -457,22 +457,22 @@ DAN 7 1 xdv1 figs-doublet 0 a dream and visions The words “dream” and “vi
DAN 7 2 mjk7 0 the four winds of heaven Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
DAN 7 2 b48l 0 stirring up Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
DAN 7 4 z5hd writing-symlanguage 0 The first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 4 a7n9 figs-activepassive 0 its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 4 y6v7 figs-metonymy 0 The mind of a man was given to it Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 4 a7n9 figs-activepassive 0 its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 4 y6v7 figs-metonymy 0 The mind of a man was given to it Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 5 eqm9 writing-symlanguage 0 a second animal, like a bear This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 5 i32b 0 ribs large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine
DAN 7 5 c38p figs-activepassive 0 It was told If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 5 c38p figs-activepassive 0 It was told If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 6 fl2z writing-symlanguage 0 another animal, one that looked like a leopard This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 6 h4ia writing-symlanguage 0 four wings … four heads The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 6 y1jd 0 it had four heads Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads”
DAN 7 6 jpn1 figs-activepassive 0 It was given authority to rule If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 6 jpn1 figs-activepassive 0 It was given authority to rule If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 7 g1aj writing-symlanguage 0 a fourth animal … it had ten horns This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
DAN 7 8 j87p figs-metonymy 0 the horns Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 7 8 ga8d figs-activepassive 0 Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 8 ga8d figs-activepassive 0 Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 8 d113 figs-synecdoche 0 a mouth that was boasting about great things Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 7 9 dge1 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 9 hw4v figs-activepassive 0 thrones were set in place If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 9 hw4v figs-activepassive 0 thrones were set in place If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 9 xvt9 0 the Ancient of Days This is a title for God that means he is eternal. Alternate translation: “the One Who Has Lived Forever” or “the One Who Has Always Lived”
DAN 7 9 rc8y 0 took his seat … His clothing … the hair of his head This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision.
DAN 7 9 crh4 figs-idiom 0 took his seat This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -487,22 +487,22 @@ DAN 7 10 gka4 0 millions This probably refers to a large group rather than to
DAN 7 10 f9kw 0 one hundred million This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”
DAN 7 10 h5d3 0 The court was in session This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”
DAN 7 10 pyd5 0 the books were opened These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “the books of evidence were opened”
DAN 7 11 g8ls figs-activepassive 0 the animal was killed … to be burned up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 11 g8ls figs-activepassive 0 the animal was killed … to be burned up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 11 tqd6 figs-explicit 0 the animal was killed The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: “they executed the animal” or “the judge commanded and they killed the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 11 pms3 0 the animal This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: “the most frightening animal” or “the animal that had the boastful horn”
DAN 7 12 ayx9 0 the rest of the four animals It may be helpful to your readers to say, “the other three animals.”
DAN 7 12 dj5p figs-activepassive 0 their authority to rule was taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge took away their authority to rule” or “their authority to rule ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 12 ru76 figs-activepassive 0 their lives were prolonged for a period of time If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 12 dj5p figs-activepassive 0 their authority to rule was taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge took away their authority to rule” or “their authority to rule ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 12 ru76 figs-activepassive 0 their lives were prolonged for a period of time If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 13 lvf2 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 13 j5t6 figs-simile 0 I saw one coming … like a son of man The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. “I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 7 13 n5qi 0 with the clouds of heaven Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky”
DAN 7 13 ln6w 0 the Ancient of Days This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md)
DAN 7 13 pjn2 figs-activepassive 0 was presented before him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 14 ai49 figs-activepassive 0 Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 13 pjn2 figs-activepassive 0 was presented before him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 14 ai49 figs-activepassive 0 Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 14 yv4q 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.”
DAN 7 14 hc6k figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 7 14 z6xf figs-parallelism 0 will not pass away … will never be destroyed These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 15 xt3d figs-parallelism 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me … the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 15 g5s3 figs-synecdoche 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
@ -521,9 +521,9 @@ DAN 7 20 vjs9 figs-euphemism 0 before which the three horns fell down Here “f
DAN 7 20 frj1 0 the mouth that boasted Alternate translation: “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”
DAN 7 20 f425 0 that seemed greater than its companions the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns
DAN 7 21 xcl9 0 this horn “this fourth horn.” This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md).
DAN 7 22 pxx4 figs-activepassive 0 until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 22 pxx4 figs-activepassive 0 until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 22 dui7 0 Ancient of Days This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
DAN 7 22 em4n figs-activepassive 0 the holy people received the kingdom If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 22 em4n figs-activepassive 0 the holy people received the kingdom If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 23 ec9x writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 23 mv4h 0 This is what that person said This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md).
DAN 7 23 p7zf 0 that person said Alternate translation: “that person answered”
@ -538,15 +538,15 @@ DAN 7 25 xih7 figs-idiom 0 He will speak words against the Most High This means
DAN 7 25 ce61 0 He will try … into his hand The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people Alternate translation: “God’s holy people”
DAN 7 25 w16z 0 change the festivals and the law Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament.
DAN 7 25 hn8p figs-metonymy 0 These things will be given into his hand Here “his hand” refers to his control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 25 hn8p figs-metonymy 0 These things will be given into his hand Here “his hand” refers to his control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 25 dnu4 0 one year, two years, and half a year This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months”
DAN 7 26 is1x 0 the court will be in session This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down”
DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
DAN 7 26 j3ya 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md).
DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 7 27 ry7e figs-idiom 0 of the kingdoms under the whole heaven The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
@ -570,23 +570,23 @@ DAN 8 6 ith5 0 in a powerful rage Alternate translation: “and it was very an
DAN 8 7 u36k 0 trampled to crush something by stepping on it
DAN 8 7 hh82 0 the ram from his power Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power”
DAN 8 8 kr6f 0 the goat became very large Alternate translation: “the goat became very large and strong”
DAN 8 8 pt9j figs-activepassive 0 the large horn was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 8 pt9j figs-activepassive 0 the large horn was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 8 z9lm figs-idiom 0 toward the four winds of the heavens Here “the four winds of heaven” is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 8 9 ys25 0 but which became very large Alternate translation: “but it became very large”
DAN 8 9 i3jg 0 in the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel”
DAN 8 9 umn2 figs-idiom 0 the land of beauty This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 8 10 pkh2 figs-personification 0 It became so large as to engage in war Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 8 10 h6ex figs-activepassive 0 Some of that army … thrown down to the earth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 10 h6ex figs-activepassive 0 Some of that army … thrown down to the earth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 10 iq57 figs-personification 0 it trampled on them Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 8 11 akq6 figs-personification 0 General Information: The horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 8 11 x2bs 0 Connecting Statement: Daniel continues describing his vision of the horn ([Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md)).
DAN 8 11 r2zz figs-explicit 0 the commander of the army This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 8 11 i4px 0 It took away from him the regular burnt offering Here “took away” means the horn stopped the offering. Here “him” refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him”
DAN 8 11 c2s4 figs-activepassive 0 the place of his sanctuary was polluted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 11 c2s4 figs-activepassive 0 the place of his sanctuary was polluted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 12 y31h figs-metaphor 0 The horn will throw truth down to the ground The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 8 13 lj18 0 holy one Alternate translation: “angel”
DAN 8 13 b9yz 0 the handing over of the sanctuary Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary”
DAN 8 13 xj3i figs-activepassive 0 heaven’s army being trampled on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 13 xj3i figs-activepassive 0 heaven’s army being trampled on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 14 ed38 translate-numbers 0 2,300 evenings and mornings “Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings.” Here “evenings and mornings” is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DAN 8 14 j3q3 0 the sanctuary will be put right Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again”
DAN 8 16 h4dz figs-synecdoche 0 a man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ DAN 8 27 v7gd 0 I was appalled by the vision Alternate translation: “I was d
DAN 9 intro sz7n 0 # Daniel 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Daniel told the future<br>Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26<br><br>This passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers.
DAN 9 1 a2ic 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6.
DAN 9 1 lvl3 writing-background 0 It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DAN 9 1 y3g6 figs-activepassive 0 who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 1 y3g6 figs-activepassive 0 who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 1 m6bc 0 over the realm Alternate translation: “over the country” or “over the kingdom”
DAN 9 2 h1p2 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
DAN 9 2 y2g1 translate-numbers 0 there would be seventy years until Jerusalem’s abandonment would end “from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -638,20 +638,20 @@ DAN 9 5 fu8v figs-doublet 0 your commands and decrees The words “commands”
DAN 9 6 x5wh figs-metonymy 0 We have not listened to your servants Here “not listened” means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed the message of your prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 6 hp4w figs-metonymy 0 spoke in your name Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “spoke with your authority” or “spoke as your representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 6 et6z 0 the people of the land Here “land” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”
DAN 9 7 fy69 figs-metaphor 0 To you, Lord, belongs righteousness Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 9 7 x7i6 figs-metaphor 0 To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 9 7 fy69 figs-metaphor 0 To you, Lord, belongs righteousness Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 9 7 x7i6 figs-metaphor 0 To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 9 7 k8fa figs-exclusive 0 To us today The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DAN 9 7 kk5y figs-idiom 0 belongs shame on our faces This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
DAN 9 9 vqm3 figs-metaphor 0 To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 9 10 kf4g figs-metonymy 0 We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 11 b68w figs-idiom 0 turned aside The words “turned aside” mean that Israel stopped obeying God’s laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 11 qk6k figs-activepassive 0 that are written in the law of Moses If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 11 n3rz figs-metaphor 0 have been poured out on us The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 11 qk6k figs-activepassive 0 that are written in the law of Moses If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 11 n3rz figs-metaphor 0 have been poured out on us The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 12 n2ng figs-idiom 0 For under the whole of heaven This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “For in the whole world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 12 l46l figs-activepassive 0 there has not been done anything “nothing has been done.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 12 vbx2 figs-activepassive 0 what has been done to Jerusalem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 13 c1fb figs-activepassive 0 As it is written in the law of Moses If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 12 l46l figs-activepassive 0 there has not been done anything “nothing has been done.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 12 vbx2 figs-activepassive 0 what has been done to Jerusalem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 13 c1fb figs-activepassive 0 As it is written in the law of Moses If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 13 sk3z figs-idiom 0 turning away from our iniquities Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 14 dxb5 0 Yahweh has kept the disaster ready Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”
DAN 9 14 up2a figs-metonymy 0 we have not obeyed his voice Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ DAN 9 21 m9dw 0 in the vision at the first This may refer to the first vision
DAN 9 21 ud8s 0 flew down to me in rapid flight Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly”
DAN 9 21 i2as 0 at the time of the evening sacrifice The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down.
DAN 9 22 i4uk figs-doublet 0 insight and understanding The words “insight” and “understanding” mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 23 bj8w figs-activepassive 0 the order was given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 23 bj8w figs-activepassive 0 the order was given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 23 ke8t 0 consider this word Alternate translation: “think about this message”
DAN 9 23 dn8d 0 the revelation This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md).
DAN 9 24 tn7g 0 Seventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city.
@ -691,22 +691,22 @@ DAN 9 25 hg9s 0 and sixty-two sevens This is not the normal way the Israelites
DAN 9 25 z58t figs-doublet 0 Know and understand These words are used together to make the importance clear. Alternate translation: “You must clearly understand” or “You must know for sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 25 cc6s translate-symaction 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 9 25 mg6r 0 seven sevens … and sixty-two sevens These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24.
DAN 9 25 tg7z figs-activepassive 0 Jerusalem will be rebuilt If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 25 tg7z figs-activepassive 0 Jerusalem will be rebuilt If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 25 gs6w 0 moat a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it
DAN 9 25 q3nq 0 the times of distress Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble”
DAN 9 26 t9v5 0 sixty-two sevens This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven”
DAN 9 26 pru6 figs-activepassive 0 the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 26 pru6 figs-activepassive 0 the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 26 nzv4 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses”
DAN 9 26 bn3z 0 a coming ruler This is a foreign ruler, not “the anointed one.” Alternate translation: “a foreign ruler who will come” or “a powerful ruler who will come”
DAN 9 26 hpa8 figs-metaphor 0 Its end will come with a flood The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 9 26 ite5 figs-activepassive 0 Desolations have been decreed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 26 ite5 figs-activepassive 0 Desolations have been decreed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 27 a45k 0 He will … he will This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one.
DAN 9 27 zqk4 0 one seven … In the middle of the seven Here “seven” is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “seven years … Halfway through the seven years”
DAN 9 27 rr1b 0 put an end to Alternate translation: “stop” or “halt”
DAN 9 27 jsh2 figs-doublet 0 the sacrifice and the offering These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 27 e962 figs-metonymy 0 the wing of abominations This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called “abominations” because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 27 l267 0 someone who makes desolate Alternate translation: “a person who completely destroys”
DAN 9 27 i8lk figs-activepassive 0 A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 27 i8lk figs-activepassive 0 A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 27 x6c9 figs-doublet 0 A full end and destruction These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. Alternate translation: “Complete destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 27 t53m 0 the one who has made the desolation Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction”
DAN 10 intro rcw2 0 # Daniel 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
@ -724,8 +724,8 @@ DAN 10 6 e9xc figs-simile 0 his face was like lightning His face shone brightly
DAN 10 6 v1ew figs-simile 0 His eyes were like flaming torches His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. Alternate translation: “his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 10 6 ugr5 figs-simile 0 his arms and his feet were like polished bronze His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. Alternate translation: “his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 10 6 vkv7 figs-simile 0 The sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. Alternate translation: “his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 10 8 gpj1 figs-activepassive 0 So I was left alone and saw If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 8 tiw7 figs-activepassive 0 my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 8 gpj1 figs-activepassive 0 So I was left alone and saw If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 8 tiw7 figs-activepassive 0 my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 8 pp1z figs-idiom 0 my bright appearance This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: “my healthy-looking face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 10 8 fy67 figs-metaphor 0 a ruined look Someone’s unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: “pale” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 10 9 kc4l figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face in deep sleep Possible meanings are: (1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or (2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ DAN 10 19 w36n figs-activepassive 0 man greatly treasured This can also be stat
DAN 10 19 u5hy figs-activepassive 0 I was strengthened This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 20 tku1 0 the prince of Persia Here “prince” refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia”
DAN 10 21 k4rh figs-explicit 0 But I will tell you This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 10 21 gx6a figs-activepassive 0 what is written in the Book of Truth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 21 gx6a figs-activepassive 0 what is written in the Book of Truth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 21 f6mz 0 who shows himself to be strong Alternate translation: “who proves himself to be strong”
DAN 10 21 x9us 0 There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”
DAN 10 21 t5rl figs-you 0 Michael your prince The word “your” is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power.
DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 4 ewb2 0 the four winds of heaven See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
DAN 11 4 v3mc figs-ellipsis 0 but not to his own descendants The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DAN 11 4 a3z5 figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -810,8 +810,8 @@ DAN 11 20 j9ng figs-explicit 0 will make a tax collector pass through The tax c
DAN 11 20 c17c figs-metaphor 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 20 j9t5 figs-metaphor 0 but not in anger This could mean: (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 21 jzb9 figs-activepassive 0 a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 22 kdw5 0 the leader of the covenant “the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
DAN 11 23 ws3q figs-activepassive 0 From the time an alliance is made with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ DAN 11 42 w3i4 figs-activepassive 0 the land of Egypt will not be rescued This
DAN 11 43 n537 figs-idiom 0 the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 43 qp3z translate-names 0 the Libyans and the Cushites “the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 11 44 m79f 0 General Information: This is still about the king of the North.
DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 44 n5ju figs-metonymy 0 go out To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
DAN 11 45 cil2 0 the tent of his royal residence This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.
@ -895,8 +895,8 @@ DAN 11 45 k8sp figs-metonymy 0 the mountain of the beauty of holiness This refe
DAN 12 intro l8k2 0 # Daniel 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]])
DAN 12 1 c4hl 0 Michael, the great prince Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title “great prince.”
DAN 12 1 svv2 figs-idiom 0 Michael … will rise up Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: “Michael … will appear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 12 1 c1ic figs-activepassive 0 your people will be saved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 1 n3vd figs-activepassive 0 whose name is found written in the book If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: “whose name God has written in the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 1 c1ic figs-activepassive 0 your people will be saved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 1 n3vd figs-activepassive 0 whose name is found written in the book If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: “whose name God has written in the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 2 e327 figs-euphemism 0 those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up The phrase “sleep in the dust of the earth” is another way of referring to those who have died. Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to come back to life. Alternate translation: “those who have died will come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 12 3 yt7b figs-simile 0 Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above This refers to God’s people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 12 3 g6t2 figs-metaphor 0 those who turn many to righteousness This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. Alternate translation: “those who teach others to live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -906,15 +906,15 @@ DAN 12 4 mb3v 0 time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the worl
DAN 12 4 krj6 figs-explicit 0 Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 5 q8a8 0 General Information: Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md).
DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing”
DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
DAN 12 6 x2yz 0 How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
DAN 12 6 g6y7 0 these amazing events At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 7 s5j3 0 the one who lives forever Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever”
DAN 12 7 i56r 0 it would be for a time, times, and half a time It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md).
DAN 12 7 rue1 0 a time, times, and half a time “three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half.
DAN 12 7 fme6 figs-activepassive 0 all these things will be completed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 7 fme6 figs-activepassive 0 all these things will be completed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 7 ir93 0 all these things At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
DAN 12 8 as7u 0 My master Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as “My master” to show respect to the angel.
DAN 12 8 cd6n 0 of all these things At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
17 DAN 1 4 gg5x 0 He was to teach them Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to teach them”
18 DAN 1 5 v9dg figs-metonymy 0 The king counted out for them The king’s officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The king’s officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19 DAN 1 5 vq2i 0 his delicacies the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
20 DAN 1 5 ex12 figs-activepassive 0 These young men were to be trained If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21 DAN 1 5 bj35 0 trained Alternate translation: “taught skills”
22 DAN 1 6 ln29 0 Among these Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel”
23 DAN 1 7 k7uc 0 The chief official This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar’s highest official.
54 DAN 2 4 b8zx 0 King, live forever! The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!”
55 DAN 2 4 n36i 0 us, your servants The men called themselves the king’s servants to show him respect.
56 DAN 2 4 cba4 figs-exclusive 0 we will reveal Here the word “we” refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
57 DAN 2 5 mdp2 figs-activepassive 0 This matter has been settled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have already decided what to do about this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have already decided what to do about this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
58 DAN 2 5 nw8r figs-activepassive 0 your bodies will be torn apart and your houses made into rubbish heaps If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
59 DAN 2 6 xv1k figs-activepassive 0 you will receive gifts from me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
60 DAN 2 7 ux2h figs-123person 0 Let the king tell us The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
61 DAN 2 8 h6gf figs-metaphor 0 you see how firm my decision is about this A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62 DAN 2 9 ef89 0 there is only one sentence for you Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you”
66 DAN 2 12 xu8y figs-doublet 0 angry and very furious These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
67 DAN 2 12 y1cf 0 all those in Babylon Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon”
68 DAN 2 13 w1hk figs-personification 0 So the decree went out The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
69 DAN 2 13 m5cr figs-activepassive 0 all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
70 DAN 2 13 d4wp figs-activepassive 0 so they could be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
71 DAN 2 14 fm3n figs-doublet 0 prudence and discretion These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
72 DAN 2 14 cj8p translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73 DAN 2 14 a4fa 0 bodyguard This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.
77 DAN 2 17 bbc8 0 his house This is referring to Daniel’s house.
78 DAN 2 17 ijt3 0 what had happened Alternate translation: “about the king’s decree”
79 DAN 2 18 uh7c 0 He urged them to seek mercy Alternate translation: “He begged them to pray for mercy”
80 DAN 2 18 yhz1 figs-activepassive 0 so that he and they might not be killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the king’s bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the king’s bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
81 DAN 2 19 nq22 figs-activepassive 0 That night the mystery was revealed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
82 DAN 2 19 s94i 0 the mystery This is referring to the king’s dream and its meaning.
83 DAN 2 20 e8z9 figs-metonymy 0 Praise the name of God Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
84 DAN 2 21 p54i 0 General Information: These verses are also part of Daniel’s prayer.
91 DAN 2 24 le8h translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
92 DAN 2 24 fs73 0 everyone who was wise Alternate translation: “the wise men”
93 DAN 2 26 z3qq translate-names 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
94 DAN 2 27 b59r figs-activepassive 0 The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
95 DAN 2 27 r8dh 0 The mystery that the king has asked about This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
96 DAN 2 29 as3u figs-explicit 0 the one who reveals mysteries This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: “God, who reveals mysteries” or “God, who makes mysteries known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
97 DAN 2 30 v6bt figs-activepassive 0 this mystery was not revealed to me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God did not reveal this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God did not reveal this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
98 DAN 2 30 qk3n figs-activepassive 0 This mystery was revealed to me so that you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99 DAN 2 30 ca22 figs-synecdoche 0 know the thoughts deep within you This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the person’s mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
100 DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”
101 DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”
119 DAN 2 40 rjj2 writing-symlanguage 0 It will shatter all these things and crush them This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
120 DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
121 DAN 2 41 lp4z 0 Just as you saw Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
122 DAN 2 41 bc2q figs-activepassive 0 were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123 DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together Alternate translation: “they will not remain united”
124 DAN 2 44 fan9 0 In the days of those kings Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
125 DAN 2 44 d96c figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
126 DAN 2 45 u69a figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127 DAN 2 45 xc85 0 reliable trustworthy and correct
128 DAN 2 46 hb4s translate-symaction 0 fell on his face This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
129 DAN 2 46 xf46 figs-activepassive 0 an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
130 DAN 2 47 jz9s 0 Truly your God Alternate translation: “It is true that your God”
131 DAN 2 47 q3ru 0 the God of gods, the Lord of kings Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”
132 DAN 2 47 ifr1 0 the one who reveals mysteries Translate “the one who reveals mysteries” as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md).
142 DAN 3 3 qh6f 0 the provincial governors, regional governors,…officials of the provinces See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
143 DAN 3 3 wy5b figs-metonymy 0 the statue that Nebuchadnezzar had set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that Nebuchadnezzar’s men had set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144 DAN 3 4 huk2 0 herald This person is an official messenger for the king.
145 DAN 3 4 z125 figs-activepassive 0 You are commanded If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “The king commands you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “The king commands you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
146 DAN 3 4 by5m figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
147 DAN 3 5 xs6t 0 zithers These are musical instruments similar to harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings.
148 DAN 3 5 c6tz 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
149 DAN 3 5 mml9 translate-symaction 0 prostrate yourselves to “stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
150 DAN 3 6 z9s5 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
151 DAN 3 6 xue4 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
152 DAN 3 6 x9ik 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire.
153 DAN 3 7 x2pp 0 all the peoples, nations, and languages Here “all” that means all the people who were present.
161 DAN 3 10 dzb5 0 the horns, flutes … and pipes These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
162 DAN 3 10 jiv5 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
163 DAN 3 10 h3iu translate-symaction 0 prostrate himself to The people would do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch himself out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
164 DAN 3 11 u6bm figs-activepassive 0 Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
165 DAN 3 11 qdc6 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
166 DAN 3 11 p2l2 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
167 DAN 3 12 in2b 0 affairs matters having to do with government
179 DAN 3 15 ws27 translate-symaction 0 prostrate yourselves to stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
180 DAN 3 15 vth1 0 all will be well Alternate translation: “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go”
181 DAN 3 15 td6r figs-metonymy 0 the statue that I have made Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
182 DAN 3 15 gz3y figs-activepassive 0 you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
183 DAN 3 15 sl8a 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
184 DAN 3 15 z8gt figs-rquestion 0 Who is the god … my hands? The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. Alternate translation: “No god is able to rescue you from my power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
185 DAN 3 15 hw83 figs-metonymy 0 out of my hands Here “hands” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
189 DAN 3 18 p84a translate-symaction 0 prostrate ourselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
190 DAN 3 18 iq7t figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue you set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
191 DAN 3 19 bt7k figs-metaphor 0 Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
192 DAN 3 19 e99g figs-idiom 0 He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven times hotter than it was normally heated Here “seven times hotter” is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here “seven times hotter” is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
193 DAN 3 21 r7tt 0 turbans A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth.
194 DAN 3 21 xya5 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
195 DAN 3 22 v2v9 figs-activepassive 0 Because the king’s command was strictly followed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
196 DAN 3 24 kzd8 0 Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right”
197 DAN 3 25 gy5s translate-ordinal 0 The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
198 DAN 3 27 ru5i 0 The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
199 DAN 3 27 g7e8 figs-activepassive 0 the hair on their heads was not singed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
200 DAN 3 27 jr79 0 was not singed Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little”
201 DAN 3 27 nuu7 figs-activepassive 0 their robes were not harmed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
202 DAN 3 27 hv4b 0 there was no smell of fire on them Alternate translation: “they did not smell like fire”
203 DAN 3 28 x5ha figs-metaphor 0 they set aside my command Not obeying the king’s command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
204 DAN 3 28 uld8 figs-idiom 0 they gave up their bodies This phrase refers to the three men’s willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
205 DAN 3 28 iz7q translate-symaction 0 prostrate themselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
206 DAN 3 28 s95d 0 any god except their God Alternate translation: “any other god except their God”
207 DAN 3 29 pnl6 figs-activepassive 0 any people, nation, or language … must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
208 DAN 3 29 h7gq figs-metonymy 0 any people, nation, or language that speaks Here “nations” and “language” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
209 DAN 3 29 qb3c 0 speaks anything against the God Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God”
210 DAN 3 29 t5vb 0 must be torn apart Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart”
225 DAN 4 5 u6n6 figs-parallelism 0 made me afraid … troubled me These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
226 DAN 4 6 ep7g 0 all the men of Babylon who had wisdom Alternate translation: “all the wise men of Babylon”
227 DAN 4 7 l5u7 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
228 DAN 4 8 aej3 figs-activepassive 0 who is named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
229 DAN 4 8 dhx3 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
230 DAN 4 9 x1x7 0 no mystery is too difficult for you The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you understand the meaning of every mystery”
231 DAN 4 10 vz2b figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
242 DAN 4 15 e8lj 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
243 DAN 4 16 f3wx figs-pronouns 0 Let his mind be changed … seven years pass by Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns “his” and “him” in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun “it” in verse 15. Alternate translation: “The man’s mind will change from a man’s mind to an animal’s mind for a period of seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
244 DAN 4 17 k6kq figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
245 DAN 4 17 j1fe figs-activepassive 0 It is a decision made by the holy ones If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
246 DAN 4 17 m2np figs-explicit 0 the holy ones This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
247 DAN 4 17 y8ih 0 those who are alive Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone”
248 DAN 4 17 aas5 0 gives them Alternate translation: “gives the kingdoms”
250 DAN 4 18 jr6i 0 you are able to do so Alternate translation: “you are able to interpret it”
251 DAN 4 18 pl5q 0 the spirit of the holy gods Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
252 DAN 4 19 n8fk figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
253 DAN 4 19 u9rc figs-activepassive 0 who was also named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
254 DAN 4 19 a33v figs-explicit 0 was greatly upset for a while, and his thoughts alarmed him Daniel’s understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. Alternate translation: “did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
255 DAN 4 19 kf99 0 may the dream be for those who hate you; may its interpretation be for your enemies Daniel is expressing his wish that the dream was not about Nebuchadnezzar, even though he knew that it really was about the king.
256 DAN 4 20 vj36 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in [Daniel 4:11](../04/11.md). See how you translated that verse.
265 DAN 4 23 i27p 0 in the middle of the tender grass of the field Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”
266 DAN 4 23 bx4z 0 dew the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings
267 DAN 4 24 f3tz 0 that has reached you Alternate translation: “that you have heard”
268 DAN 4 25 fd8s figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven from among men If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
269 DAN 4 25 gq52 figs-activepassive 0 You will be made to eat grass If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
270 DAN 4 26 fgn1 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
271 DAN 4 26 tcg3 figs-metonymy 0 heaven rules Here “heaven” refers to God who lives in heaven. Alternate translation: “God in heaven is the ruler of all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
272 DAN 4 27 yna6 figs-activepassive 0 let my advice be acceptable to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please accept my advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please accept my advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
273 DAN 4 27 s3j8 figs-metaphor 0 Turn away from your iniquities Here rejecting iniquity is spoken of as turning away from it. Alternate translation: “Reject your iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
274 DAN 4 27 j7av figs-nominaladj 0 the oppressed This nominal adjective refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “people who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
275 DAN 4 27 a7um figs-activepassive 0 it may be that your prosperity will be extended If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God may extend your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God may extend your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
276 DAN 4 28 rq19 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
277 DAN 4 29 jn5h figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
278 DAN 4 29 ns6t translate-numbers 0 Twelve months “12 months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
281 DAN 4 31 g7xg figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
282 DAN 4 31 fjl7 figs-idiom 0 While the words were still on the lips of the king This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
283 DAN 4 31 cv67 0 a voice came from heaven Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven”
284 DAN 4 31 pt4u figs-activepassive 0 King Nebuchadnezzar … has been taken away from you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
285 DAN 4 32 f4us figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven away from people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
286 DAN 4 32 m551 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whoever he chooses”
287 DAN 4 33 ydj8 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
288 DAN 4 33 xpp3 figs-activepassive 0 This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
289 DAN 4 33 chd6 figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
290 DAN 4 33 t4b6 0 his nails became like birds’ claws Alternate translation: “his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”
291 DAN 4 34 amm1 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
292 DAN 4 34 b17l 0 At the end of the days This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](../04/32.md).
293 DAN 4 34 ltf5 figs-activepassive 0 my sanity was given back to me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
294 DAN 4 34 ucj3 figs-parallelism 0 I praised … and I honored The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
295 DAN 4 34 nk8u figs-parallelism 0 For his reign is an everlasting reign … his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God’s reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
296 DAN 4 35 ce6u figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
297 DAN 4 35 dgr8 figs-activepassive 0 All the earth’s inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
298 DAN 4 35 cpy8 0 All the earth’s inhabitants Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth”
299 DAN 4 35 p415 0 the army of heaven Alternate translation: “the angel armies in heaven”
300 DAN 4 35 zpn8 0 whatever suits his will Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”
305 DAN 4 36 pb8a figs-personification 0 my majesty and splendor returned to me Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
306 DAN 4 36 nq38 figs-doublet 0 majesty and splendor These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
307 DAN 4 36 c3xy 0 my noblemen sought my favor Alternate translation: “my noblemen requested my help again”
308 DAN 4 36 ks6b figs-metonymy 0 I was brought … greatness was given to me Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
309 DAN 4 37 zgl2 figs-doublet 0 praise, extol, and honor All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
310 DAN 4 37 g1df figs-idiom 0 who walk in their own pride This phrase uses “walk” to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
311 DAN 5 intro e9pc 0 # Daniel 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The writing on the wall<br><br>God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin<br>These are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.
312 DAN 5 1 cc4z translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
313 DAN 5 1 ix8k translate-numbers 0 for a thousand “for 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
314 DAN 5 1 tre4 0 he drank wine in front of Alternate translation: “he drank wine in the presence of”
315 DAN 5 2 cz6e figs-activepassive 0 the containers made of gold or silver If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
316 DAN 5 2 gsi3 0 containers These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them.
317 DAN 5 2 lad2 figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken Here “Nebuchadnezzar” refers to Nebuchadnezzar’s army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzar’s army” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318 DAN 5 3 i1zm figs-activepassive 0 the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
319 DAN 5 3 msp6 0 out of the temple, the house of God “out of God’s temple.” The phrase “the house of God” tells us something more about the temple.
320 DAN 5 5 lkd1 0 At that moment Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly”
321 DAN 5 5 cra1 0 plaster cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries
323 DAN 5 6 gbd6 0 his limbs Alternate translation: “his legs”
324 DAN 5 6 iee9 0 his knees were knocking together This was the result of his extreme fear.
325 DAN 5 7 gz5c 0 those known for their wisdom in Babylon This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers.
326 DAN 5 7 ybp9 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
327 DAN 5 7 ms1t figs-explicit 0 clothed with purple Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
328 DAN 5 7 x9vi translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
329 DAN 5 9 n4ln translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
334 DAN 5 10 zq7c 0 Do not let the look on your face change Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale”
335 DAN 5 11 bql4 0 the spirit of the holy gods The queen believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
336 DAN 5 11 c4n6 0 In the days of your father Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling”
337 DAN 5 11 ss1z figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
338 DAN 5 11 jg2l 0 King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king Alternate translation: “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar”
339 DAN 5 12 n7wa figs-activepassive 0 these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
340 DAN 5 12 b8d3 figs-activepassive 0 what has been written “what has been written on the wall.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) “what has been written on the wall.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
341 DAN 5 13 hn7g figs-activepassive 0 Then Daniel was brought before the king If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
342 DAN 5 13 sd23 figs-metonymy 0 whom my father the king brought out of Judah In this phrase “father” is being used to represent all of the soldiers. Alternate translation: “whom my father’s soldiers brought out of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
343 DAN 5 14 yxu5 0 the spirit of the gods Belshazzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
344 DAN 5 14 y4ey figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
345 DAN 5 15 c33v figs-activepassive 0 Now the men known … have been brought in before me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
346 DAN 5 15 u817 0 make known to me Alternate translation: “tell me”
347 DAN 5 16 u2ey figs-activepassive 0 you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
348 DAN 5 16 iyy2 figs-explicit 0 clothed with purple Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
349 DAN 5 16 pud4 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
350 DAN 5 17 evt4 0 Let your gifts be for yourself, and Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts, so”
358 DAN 5 20 zu9p figs-synecdoche 0 his heart was arrogant Here “heart” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
359 DAN 5 20 g3wq figs-synecdoche 0 his spirit was hardened Here “spirit” refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: “the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
360 DAN 5 20 w2tx 0 presumptuously rudely and overly confident
361 DAN 5 20 nl2n figs-metonymy 0 he was brought down from his kingly throne Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people took away his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people took away his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
362 DAN 5 21 sl3g figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from humanity If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
363 DAN 5 21 v3b5 figs-metonymy 0 he had the mind of an animal Here “mind” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
364 DAN 5 21 amq8 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
365 DAN 5 21 m4na 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses”
369 DAN 5 23 qc6h figs-explicit 0 From his house What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “From his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
370 DAN 5 23 kj78 figs-metonymy 0 God who holds your breath in his hand Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God who gives you breath” or “God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
371 DAN 5 23 th44 0 all your ways Alternate translation: “everything you do”
372 DAN 5 24 i8fs figs-activepassive 0 this writing was done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
373 DAN 5 25 rcy6 figs-activepassive 0 This is the writing that was done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
374 DAN 5 25 ea1k translate-transliterate 0 Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
375 DAN 5 26 tg8v 0 ‘Mene,’ ‘God has numbered Alternate translation: “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”
376 DAN 5 27 q5iv 0 ‘Tekel,’ ‘you are weighed Alternate translation: “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”
377 DAN 5 27 sg5z figs-metaphor 0 you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
378 DAN 5 28 b18p 0 ‘Peres,’ ‘your kingdom Alternate translation: “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.”
379 DAN 5 28 jb22 0 Peres This is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25.
380 DAN 5 28 j1p8 figs-activepassive 0 your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
381 DAN 5 29 j9jg translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
382 DAN 5 29 uvj8 figs-activepassive 0 A chain of gold was put around his neck If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
383 DAN 5 29 nfx6 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
384 DAN 5 31 c2bj 0 received the kingdom Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom”
385 DAN 5 31 y1si translate-numbers 0 when he was about sixty-two years old “when he was about 62 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
394 DAN 6 3 ef6f 0 extraordinary spirit spirit that made him do better than the others
395 DAN 6 3 ry6m 0 to put him over Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”
396 DAN 6 4 ex6l figs-explicit 0 Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors … for the kingdom The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
397 DAN 6 4 rl5p figs-activepassive 0 No mistakes or negligence was found in him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
398 DAN 6 4 zn7x 0 negligence overly looking your responsibilities
399 DAN 6 5 ek64 0 to complain against this Daniel Alternate translation: “to complain about Daniel”
400 DAN 6 6 yf8j 0 brought a plan before the king Alternate translation: “presented a plan to the king”
401 DAN 6 6 ll7v 0 may you live forever! This was a normal way to greet a king.
402 DAN 6 7 x89h translate-numbers 0 for thirty days “for 30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
403 DAN 6 7 bw29 0 whoever makes a petition Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request”
404 DAN 6 7 l2iq figs-activepassive 0 that person must be thrown into the den of lions If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
405 DAN 6 7 h7ip 0 den of lions This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept.
406 DAN 6 8 nj57 0 Connecting Statement: In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king.
407 DAN 6 8 v5i8 0 as directed by the laws Alternate translation: “according to the laws”
429 DAN 6 17 xjj7 figs-explicit 0 the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles … concerning Daniel The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
430 DAN 6 17 p5t2 0 nothing might be changed concerning Daniel Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel”
431 DAN 6 18 un1j translate-symaction 0 he went through the night fasting This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
432 DAN 6 18 a3xd figs-activepassive 0 No entertainment was brought before him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
433 DAN 6 18 sb8r figs-personification 0 sleep fled from him Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
434 DAN 6 19 e2wc 0 lions’ den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
435 DAN 6 22 qn4t figs-activepassive 0 For I was found blameless If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
436 DAN 6 22 ssq6 0 I have done you no harm Alternate translation: “I have not harmed you at all”
437 DAN 6 23 r1eg 0 den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
438 DAN 6 23 qf7q figs-activepassive 0 No harm was found on him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
439 DAN 6 24 qwh3 0 Before they reached the floor Alternate translation: “Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”
440 DAN 6 24 r63c 0 broke all their bones to pieces Alternate translation: “crushed their bones”
441 DAN 6 25 ty2g figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
446 DAN 6 26 s8va 0 the God of Daniel Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships”
447 DAN 6 26 ma86 figs-parallelism 0 he is the living God and lives forever The two phrases “the living God” and “lives forever” express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
448 DAN 6 26 xw4k figs-parallelism 0 his kingdom shall … his dominion shall These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God’s kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
449 DAN 6 26 s6yl figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom shall not be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
450 DAN 6 26 fcy1 0 his dominion shall be to the end Alternate translation: “he will rule forever”
451 DAN 6 27 bld2 0 he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
452 DAN 6 28 a5br 0 during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius.
457 DAN 7 2 mjk7 0 the four winds of heaven Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
458 DAN 7 2 b48l 0 stirring up Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
459 DAN 7 4 z5hd writing-symlanguage 0 The first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
460 DAN 7 4 a7n9 figs-activepassive 0 its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
461 DAN 7 4 y6v7 figs-metonymy 0 The mind of a man was given to it Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
462 DAN 7 5 eqm9 writing-symlanguage 0 a second animal, like a bear This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
463 DAN 7 5 i32b 0 ribs large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine
464 DAN 7 5 c38p figs-activepassive 0 It was told If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
465 DAN 7 6 fl2z writing-symlanguage 0 another animal, one that looked like a leopard This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
466 DAN 7 6 h4ia writing-symlanguage 0 four wings … four heads The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
467 DAN 7 6 y1jd 0 it had four heads Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads”
468 DAN 7 6 jpn1 figs-activepassive 0 It was given authority to rule If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
469 DAN 7 7 g1aj writing-symlanguage 0 a fourth animal … it had ten horns This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
470 DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
471 DAN 7 8 j87p figs-metonymy 0 the horns Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
472 DAN 7 8 ga8d figs-activepassive 0 Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
473 DAN 7 8 d113 figs-synecdoche 0 a mouth that was boasting about great things Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
474 DAN 7 9 dge1 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
475 DAN 7 9 hw4v figs-activepassive 0 thrones were set in place If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
476 DAN 7 9 xvt9 0 the Ancient of Days This is a title for God that means he is eternal. Alternate translation: “the One Who Has Lived Forever” or “the One Who Has Always Lived”
477 DAN 7 9 rc8y 0 took his seat … His clothing … the hair of his head This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision.
478 DAN 7 9 crh4 figs-idiom 0 took his seat This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
487 DAN 7 10 f9kw 0 one hundred million This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”
488 DAN 7 10 h5d3 0 The court was in session This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”
489 DAN 7 10 pyd5 0 the books were opened These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “the books of evidence were opened”
490 DAN 7 11 g8ls figs-activepassive 0 the animal was killed … to be burned up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
491 DAN 7 11 tqd6 figs-explicit 0 the animal was killed The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: “they executed the animal” or “the judge commanded and they killed the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
492 DAN 7 11 pms3 0 the animal This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: “the most frightening animal” or “the animal that had the boastful horn”
493 DAN 7 12 ayx9 0 the rest of the four animals It may be helpful to your readers to say, “the other three animals.”
494 DAN 7 12 dj5p figs-activepassive 0 their authority to rule was taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge took away their authority to rule” or “their authority to rule ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge took away their authority to rule” or “their authority to rule ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
495 DAN 7 12 ru76 figs-activepassive 0 their lives were prolonged for a period of time If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496 DAN 7 13 lvf2 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
497 DAN 7 13 j5t6 figs-simile 0 I saw one coming … like a son of man The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. “I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
498 DAN 7 13 n5qi 0 with the clouds of heaven Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky”
499 DAN 7 13 ln6w 0 the Ancient of Days This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md)
500 DAN 7 13 pjn2 figs-activepassive 0 was presented before him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
501 DAN 7 14 ai49 figs-activepassive 0 Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
502 DAN 7 14 yv4q 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.”
503 DAN 7 14 hc6k figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
504 DAN 7 14 z6xf figs-parallelism 0 will not pass away … will never be destroyed These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
505 DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
506 DAN 7 15 xt3d figs-parallelism 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me … the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
507 DAN 7 15 g5s3 figs-synecdoche 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
508 DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
521 DAN 7 20 frj1 0 the mouth that boasted Alternate translation: “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”
522 DAN 7 20 f425 0 that seemed greater than its companions the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns
523 DAN 7 21 xcl9 0 this horn “this fourth horn.” This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md).
524 DAN 7 22 pxx4 figs-activepassive 0 until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
525 DAN 7 22 dui7 0 Ancient of Days This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
526 DAN 7 22 em4n figs-activepassive 0 the holy people received the kingdom If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
527 DAN 7 23 ec9x writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
528 DAN 7 23 mv4h 0 This is what that person said This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md).
529 DAN 7 23 p7zf 0 that person said Alternate translation: “that person answered”
538 DAN 7 25 ce61 0 He will try … into his hand The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
539 DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people Alternate translation: “God’s holy people”
540 DAN 7 25 w16z 0 change the festivals and the law Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament.
541 DAN 7 25 hn8p figs-metonymy 0 These things will be given into his hand Here “his hand” refers to his control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here “his hand” refers to his control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
542 DAN 7 25 dnu4 0 one year, two years, and half a year This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months”
543 DAN 7 26 is1x 0 the court will be in session This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down”
544 DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
545 DAN 7 26 j3ya 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md).
546 DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
547 DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
548 DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
549 DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
550 DAN 7 27 ry7e figs-idiom 0 of the kingdoms under the whole heaven The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
551 DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
552 DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
570 DAN 8 7 u36k 0 trampled to crush something by stepping on it
571 DAN 8 7 hh82 0 the ram from his power Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power”
572 DAN 8 8 kr6f 0 the goat became very large Alternate translation: “the goat became very large and strong”
573 DAN 8 8 pt9j figs-activepassive 0 the large horn was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
574 DAN 8 8 z9lm figs-idiom 0 toward the four winds of the heavens Here “the four winds of heaven” is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
575 DAN 8 9 ys25 0 but which became very large Alternate translation: “but it became very large”
576 DAN 8 9 i3jg 0 in the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel”
577 DAN 8 9 umn2 figs-idiom 0 the land of beauty This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
578 DAN 8 10 pkh2 figs-personification 0 It became so large as to engage in war Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
579 DAN 8 10 h6ex figs-activepassive 0 Some of that army … thrown down to the earth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
580 DAN 8 10 iq57 figs-personification 0 it trampled on them Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
581 DAN 8 11 akq6 figs-personification 0 General Information: The horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
582 DAN 8 11 x2bs 0 Connecting Statement: Daniel continues describing his vision of the horn ([Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md)).
583 DAN 8 11 r2zz figs-explicit 0 the commander of the army This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
584 DAN 8 11 i4px 0 It took away from him the regular burnt offering Here “took away” means the horn stopped the offering. Here “him” refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him”
585 DAN 8 11 c2s4 figs-activepassive 0 the place of his sanctuary was polluted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
586 DAN 8 12 y31h figs-metaphor 0 The horn will throw truth down to the ground The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
587 DAN 8 13 lj18 0 holy one Alternate translation: “angel”
588 DAN 8 13 b9yz 0 the handing over of the sanctuary Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary”
589 DAN 8 13 xj3i figs-activepassive 0 heaven’s army being trampled on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590 DAN 8 14 ed38 translate-numbers 0 2,300 evenings and mornings “Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings.” Here “evenings and mornings” is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
591 DAN 8 14 j3q3 0 the sanctuary will be put right Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again”
592 DAN 8 16 h4dz figs-synecdoche 0 a man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
622 DAN 9 intro sz7n 0 # Daniel 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Daniel told the future<br>Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26<br><br>This passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers.
623 DAN 9 1 a2ic 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6.
624 DAN 9 1 lvl3 writing-background 0 It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
625 DAN 9 1 y3g6 figs-activepassive 0 who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
626 DAN 9 1 m6bc 0 over the realm Alternate translation: “over the country” or “over the kingdom”
627 DAN 9 2 h1p2 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
628 DAN 9 2 y2g1 translate-numbers 0 there would be seventy years until Jerusalem’s abandonment would end “from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
638 DAN 9 6 x5wh figs-metonymy 0 We have not listened to your servants Here “not listened” means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed the message of your prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
639 DAN 9 6 hp4w figs-metonymy 0 spoke in your name Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “spoke with your authority” or “spoke as your representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
640 DAN 9 6 et6z 0 the people of the land Here “land” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”
641 DAN 9 7 fy69 figs-metaphor 0 To you, Lord, belongs righteousness Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
642 DAN 9 7 x7i6 figs-metaphor 0 To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
643 DAN 9 7 k8fa figs-exclusive 0 To us today The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
644 DAN 9 7 kk5y figs-idiom 0 belongs shame on our faces This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
645 DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
646 DAN 9 9 vqm3 figs-metaphor 0 To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
647 DAN 9 10 kf4g figs-metonymy 0 We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
648 DAN 9 11 b68w figs-idiom 0 turned aside The words “turned aside” mean that Israel stopped obeying God’s laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
649 DAN 9 11 qk6k figs-activepassive 0 that are written in the law of Moses If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
650 DAN 9 11 n3rz figs-metaphor 0 have been poured out on us The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
651 DAN 9 12 n2ng figs-idiom 0 For under the whole of heaven This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “For in the whole world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
652 DAN 9 12 l46l figs-activepassive 0 there has not been done anything “nothing has been done.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) “nothing has been done.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
653 DAN 9 12 vbx2 figs-activepassive 0 what has been done to Jerusalem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
654 DAN 9 13 c1fb figs-activepassive 0 As it is written in the law of Moses If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
655 DAN 9 13 sk3z figs-idiom 0 turning away from our iniquities Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
656 DAN 9 14 dxb5 0 Yahweh has kept the disaster ready Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”
657 DAN 9 14 up2a figs-metonymy 0 we have not obeyed his voice Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
678 DAN 9 21 ud8s 0 flew down to me in rapid flight Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly”
679 DAN 9 21 i2as 0 at the time of the evening sacrifice The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down.
680 DAN 9 22 i4uk figs-doublet 0 insight and understanding The words “insight” and “understanding” mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
681 DAN 9 23 bj8w figs-activepassive 0 the order was given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
682 DAN 9 23 ke8t 0 consider this word Alternate translation: “think about this message”
683 DAN 9 23 dn8d 0 the revelation This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md).
684 DAN 9 24 tn7g 0 Seventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city.
691 DAN 9 25 z58t figs-doublet 0 Know and understand These words are used together to make the importance clear. Alternate translation: “You must clearly understand” or “You must know for sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
692 DAN 9 25 cc6s translate-symaction 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
693 DAN 9 25 mg6r 0 seven sevens … and sixty-two sevens These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24.
694 DAN 9 25 tg7z figs-activepassive 0 Jerusalem will be rebuilt If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
695 DAN 9 25 gs6w 0 moat a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it
696 DAN 9 25 q3nq 0 the times of distress Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble”
697 DAN 9 26 t9v5 0 sixty-two sevens This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven”
698 DAN 9 26 pru6 figs-activepassive 0 the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
699 DAN 9 26 nzv4 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses”
700 DAN 9 26 bn3z 0 a coming ruler This is a foreign ruler, not “the anointed one.” Alternate translation: “a foreign ruler who will come” or “a powerful ruler who will come”
701 DAN 9 26 hpa8 figs-metaphor 0 Its end will come with a flood The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
702 DAN 9 26 ite5 figs-activepassive 0 Desolations have been decreed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
703 DAN 9 27 a45k 0 He will … he will This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one.
704 DAN 9 27 zqk4 0 one seven … In the middle of the seven Here “seven” is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “seven years … Halfway through the seven years”
705 DAN 9 27 rr1b 0 put an end to Alternate translation: “stop” or “halt”
706 DAN 9 27 jsh2 figs-doublet 0 the sacrifice and the offering These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
707 DAN 9 27 e962 figs-metonymy 0 the wing of abominations This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called “abominations” because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
708 DAN 9 27 l267 0 someone who makes desolate Alternate translation: “a person who completely destroys”
709 DAN 9 27 i8lk figs-activepassive 0 A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
710 DAN 9 27 x6c9 figs-doublet 0 A full end and destruction These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. Alternate translation: “Complete destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
711 DAN 9 27 t53m 0 the one who has made the desolation Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction”
712 DAN 10 intro rcw2 0 # Daniel 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
724 DAN 10 6 v1ew figs-simile 0 His eyes were like flaming torches His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. Alternate translation: “his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
725 DAN 10 6 ugr5 figs-simile 0 his arms and his feet were like polished bronze His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. Alternate translation: “his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
726 DAN 10 6 vkv7 figs-simile 0 The sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. Alternate translation: “his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
727 DAN 10 8 gpj1 figs-activepassive 0 So I was left alone and saw If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
728 DAN 10 8 tiw7 figs-activepassive 0 my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
729 DAN 10 8 pp1z figs-idiom 0 my bright appearance This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: “my healthy-looking face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
730 DAN 10 8 fy67 figs-metaphor 0 a ruined look Someone’s unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: “pale” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
731 DAN 10 9 kc4l figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face in deep sleep Possible meanings are: (1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or (2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
749 DAN 10 19 u5hy figs-activepassive 0 I was strengthened This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
750 DAN 10 20 tku1 0 the prince of Persia Here “prince” refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia”
751 DAN 10 21 k4rh figs-explicit 0 But I will tell you This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
752 DAN 10 21 gx6a figs-activepassive 0 what is written in the Book of Truth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
753 DAN 10 21 f6mz 0 who shows himself to be strong Alternate translation: “who proves himself to be strong”
754 DAN 10 21 x9us 0 There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”
755 DAN 10 21 t5rl figs-you 0 Michael your prince The word “your” is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
763 DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
764 DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
765 DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
766 DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
767 DAN 11 4 ewb2 0 the four winds of heaven See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
768 DAN 11 4 v3mc figs-ellipsis 0 but not to his own descendants The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
769 DAN 11 4 a3z5 figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
810 DAN 11 20 c17c figs-metaphor 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
811 DAN 11 20 j9t5 figs-metaphor 0 but not in anger This could mean: (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
812 DAN 11 21 jzb9 figs-activepassive 0 a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
813 DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Being swept away represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
814 DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
815 DAN 11 22 kdw5 0 the leader of the covenant “the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
816 DAN 11 23 ws3q figs-activepassive 0 From the time an alliance is made with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
817 DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
886 DAN 11 43 n537 figs-idiom 0 the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
887 DAN 11 43 qp3z translate-names 0 the Libyans and the Cushites “the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888 DAN 11 44 m79f 0 General Information: This is still about the king of the North.
889 DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
890 DAN 11 44 n5ju figs-metonymy 0 go out To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
891 DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
892 DAN 11 45 cil2 0 the tent of his royal residence This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.
895 DAN 12 intro l8k2 0 # Daniel 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]])
896 DAN 12 1 c4hl 0 Michael, the great prince Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title “great prince.”
897 DAN 12 1 svv2 figs-idiom 0 Michael … will rise up Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: “Michael … will appear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
898 DAN 12 1 c1ic figs-activepassive 0 your people will be saved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
899 DAN 12 1 n3vd figs-activepassive 0 whose name is found written in the book If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: “whose name God has written in the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: “whose name God has written in the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
900 DAN 12 2 e327 figs-euphemism 0 those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up The phrase “sleep in the dust of the earth” is another way of referring to those who have died. Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to come back to life. Alternate translation: “those who have died will come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
901 DAN 12 3 yt7b figs-simile 0 Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above This refers to God’s people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
902 DAN 12 3 g6t2 figs-metaphor 0 those who turn many to righteousness This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. Alternate translation: “those who teach others to live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
906 DAN 12 4 krj6 figs-explicit 0 Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
907 DAN 12 5 q8a8 0 General Information: Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md).
908 DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing”
909 DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
910 DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
911 DAN 12 6 x2yz 0 How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
912 DAN 12 6 g6y7 0 these amazing events At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
913 DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
914 DAN 12 7 s5j3 0 the one who lives forever Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever”
915 DAN 12 7 i56r 0 it would be for a time, times, and half a time It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md).
916 DAN 12 7 rue1 0 a time, times, and half a time “three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half.
917 DAN 12 7 fme6 figs-activepassive 0 all these things will be completed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
918 DAN 12 7 ir93 0 all these things At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
919 DAN 12 8 as7u 0 My master Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as “My master” to show respect to the angel.
920 DAN 12 8 cd6n 0 of all these things At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.

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en_tn_28-HOS.tsv
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@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ HOS 1 8 r52q translate-names 0 Lo-Ruhamah This name means “no mercy.” The t
HOS 1 9 a6mv translate-names 0 Lo-Ammi This name means “not my people.” The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. Alternate translation: “Not My People” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
HOS 1 10 q3ve 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
HOS 1 10 mc4b figs-simile 0 like the sand of the seashore This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 1 10 tps4 figs-activepassive 0 which cannot be measured or counted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which no one can measure or count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 10 u2at figs-activepassive 0 It will be that where it was said to them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Where God said to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 10 tps4 figs-activepassive 0 which cannot be measured or counted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which no one can measure or count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 10 u2at figs-activepassive 0 It will be that where it was said to them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Where God said to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 10 zlv3 0 where it was said to them This expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been committed by kings of Israel, and which was a symbol of God’s punishment of them.
HOS 1 10 lb2w figs-activepassive 0 it will be said to them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will say to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 11 vlg4 figs-activepassive 0 will be gathered together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will gather them together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 10 lb2w figs-activepassive 0 it will be said to them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will say to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 11 vlg4 figs-activepassive 0 will be gathered together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will gather them together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 1 11 t1bm 0 go up from the land This expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity.
HOS 1 11 b5bz figs-explicit 0 the day of Jezreel This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 2 intro h75z 0 # Hosea 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is poetry, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
HOS 2 1 qq88 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
HOS 2 1 if49 figs-exclamations 0 My people! This exclamation may be presented as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
HOS 2 1 z5an figs-activepassive 0 You have been shown compassion If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has shown you compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 2 1 z5an figs-activepassive 0 You have been shown compassion If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has shown you compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 2 1 e5gw 0 compassion Alternate translation: “kindness” or “mercy”
HOS 2 2 d1d5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
HOS 2 2 t1g6 0 lawsuit This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law.
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ HOS 2 6 n4ve figs-metaphor 0 Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way
HOS 2 7 pk67 figs-metaphor 0 Then she will say, “I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now.” Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 2 8 i559 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
HOS 2 9 v55u figs-metonymy 0 I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness This probably means that Israel’s harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 2 9 rl9d figs-activepassive 0 were used to cover her nakedness If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the people used to clothe themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 2 9 rl9d figs-activepassive 0 were used to cover her nakedness If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the people used to clothe themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 2 10 fpp3 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
HOS 2 10 jfc9 figs-metaphor 0 Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers This means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 2 10 j4bh figs-metonymy 0 no one will rescue her out of my hand No one will try to help Israel. Here “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -99,14 +99,14 @@ HOS 4 2 a1s6 figs-metaphor 0 The people have broken all bounds Here “bounds
HOS 4 2 i3nt figs-abstractnouns 0 bloodshed comes after bloodshed Here “bloodshed” stands for “murder” which often involves making the victim bleed. Alternate translation: “you commit one murder after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 4 3 y9lx 0 So the land is drying up This expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time.
HOS 4 3 mp1u 0 wasting away becoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food
HOS 4 3 m1s9 figs-activepassive 0 are being taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “are dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 4 3 m1s9 figs-activepassive 0 are being taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “are dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 4 4 xl63 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
HOS 4 4 gz4e 0 lawsuit a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law
HOS 4 4 t69t 0 do not let anyone accuse anyone else No one should accuse another person of anything because everyone is guilty of something.
HOS 4 5 j4la figs-metaphor 0 You priests will stumble Here “stumble” means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 4 5 a2zy figs-metaphor 0 I will destroy your mother Here “mother” refers to the nation of Israel. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 4 6 qhc8 0 General Information: In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UST, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7.
HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 4 6 j1k4 figs-explicit 0 knowledge Here “knowledge” refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame This could mean: (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ HOS 5 9 n3pe 0 Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to h
HOS 5 10 x6j7 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
HOS 5 10 jdz8 figs-simile 0 The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone To “move a boundary stone” refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 5 10 wbd7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour my wrath on them like water Yahweh’s wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 5 11 x64t figs-parallelism 0 Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This statement is made twice for emphasis. Here “Ephraim” refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will punish the people of Israel severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 5 11 x64t figs-parallelism 0 Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This statement is made twice for emphasis. Here “Ephraim” refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will punish the people of Israel severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 5 11 f3tb figs-metaphor 0 walked after idols Here “walked” represents the idea of worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 5 11 ww39 0 idols The Hebrew word translated here as “idols” is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways.
HOS 5 12 jy1j 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ HOS 6 9 drp6 0 the priests band together to commit murder on the way to Sheche
HOS 6 10 k436 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 6 10 tac2 figs-metonymy 0 Ephraim’s prostitution Here “prostitution” refers to Ephraim’s worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 6 10 f2vh 0 Israel has become unclean Israel has become unacceptable to God because of her actions.
HOS 6 11 c9zv figs-activepassive 0 For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 6 11 c9zv figs-activepassive 0 For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 6 11 nid7 figs-metaphor 0 harvest Here “harvest” represents God’s final judgment on Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 6 11 hag4 0 fortunes prosperity and security
HOS 7 intro yc44 0 # Hosea 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh’s anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Baking<br><br>Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel and Ephraim<br>This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel.
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ HOS 7 2 t9av figs-metaphor 0 their deeds surround them The people’s evil deed
HOS 7 2 h9mh figs-synecdoche 0 they are before my face Here God is represented by his “face” which emphasizes his presence and awareness. Alternate translation: “and I see it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HOS 7 3 aq6w 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk.
HOS 7 4 ccn2 figs-metaphor 0 They are all adulterers The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 7 4 q95b figs-simile 0 like an oven heated by the baker If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. Alternate translation: “like an oven which the baker heats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 7 4 q95b figs-simile 0 like an oven heated by the baker If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. Alternate translation: “like an oven which the baker heats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 7 4 pvh6 0 kneading of the dough This is a part of the process of making bread.
HOS 7 5 h9ht 0 On the day of our king This is perhaps a festival held by the king.
HOS 7 5 zte7 figs-idiom 0 He reached out with his hand This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ HOS 7 7 b2nn figs-simile 0 They all are as hot as an oven This compares their a
HOS 7 7 z8ny figs-metaphor 0 they devour those who rule over them This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 7 8 a6qy 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 7 8 lqx6 0 Ephraim mixes himself among the peoples This is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom’s kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack.
HOS 7 8 q1ji figs-synecdoche 0 Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “Ephraim” refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate translation: “The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 7 8 q1ji figs-synecdoche 0 Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “Ephraim” refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate translation: “The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 7 9 qt4k figs-metonymy 0 Gray hairs are sprinkled on him Here “gray hairs” represent old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 7 9 qta1 figs-metaphor 0 but he does not know it However, this “old age” is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is “old.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 7 10 i323 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ HOS 7 15 kf6z figs-metaphor 0 Though I trained them and strengthened their arms
HOS 7 16 k39m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 7 16 r57a figs-simile 0 They are like a slack bow That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 7 16 q25q figs-metonymy 0 because of the insolence of their tongues Here “tongue” refers to what the officials say. Alternate translation: “because they insult me” or “because they curse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 7 16 r7lt figs-abstractnouns 0 This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mockery**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 7 16 r7lt figs-abstractnouns 0 This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mockery**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 8 intro sj97 0 # Hosea 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him.<br>Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>This chapter contains some references to the “calf of Samaria.” This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah.
HOS 8 1 iyy7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
HOS 8 1 rq62 figs-metaphor 0 An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 8 1 tc1q figs-metaphor 0 broken my covenant Here “broken” represents “disobeyed,” “violated.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you Alternate translation: “are faithful to you”
HOS 8 4 hqd2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected This could mean: (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
HOS 8 5 xu7a figs-metonymy 0 Your calf The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: “Because you worship your calf idol, your worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 8 5 k9n8 figs-metaphor 0 My anger is burning against these people Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ HOS 8 7 hpc6 figs-metaphor 0 For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind
HOS 8 7 ehs7 figs-idiom 0 The standing grain has no heads Here “head” refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel’s actions will result in nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HOS 8 7 m4n5 figs-metaphor 0 If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour it If any of Israel’s actions do happen to result in something good, Israel’s enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 8 8 vk5d 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 8 8 qfd6 figs-metaphor 0 Israel is swallowed up “swallowed” means to be defeated and taken into exile. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 8 8 qfd6 figs-metaphor 0 Israel is swallowed up “swallowed” means to be defeated and taken into exile. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 8 9 byr1 figs-simile 0 like a wild donkey all alone People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 8 9 s8b5 figs-metaphor 0 Ephraim has hired lovers for herself Ephraim’s alliances with other nations are spoken of as if they had paid them to become prostitutes for Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 8 10 inw9 0 because of the oppression of the king of princes That is, because the Assyrian king, also called “the Great King,” will make the people suffer.
@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ HOS 10 4 qxu4 figs-metaphor 0 So justice springs up like poisonous weeds in the
HOS 10 4 pk52 figs-simile 0 like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 10 5 yyw7 0 General Information: Hosea is speaking about Israel.
HOS 10 5 ete5 translate-names 0 Beth Aven This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
HOS 10 6 w5gu figs-activepassive 0 They will be carried to Assyria If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will carry them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 6 lfq9 figs-doublet 0 Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 6 w5gu figs-activepassive 0 They will be carried to Assyria If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will carry them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 6 lfq9 figs-doublet 0 Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 6 uvj4 0 its idol Many versions interpret the Hebrew word in this passage as “advice,” “plans,” or “intentions.”
HOS 10 7 a35s figs-activepassive 0 Samaria’s king will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 7 a35s figs-activepassive 0 Samaria’s king will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 7 ci5d figs-simile 0 like a chip of wood on the surface of the water This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 10 8 jvt8 figs-activepassive 0 The high places of wickedness will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy Israel’s high places, where the people acted very wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 8 jvt8 figs-activepassive 0 The high places of wickedness will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy Israel’s high places, where the people acted very wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 10 8 u7pp figs-apostrophe 0 The people will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” and to the hills, “Fall on us!” People do not normally speak to things that cannot think or hear them. Translators may choose to have a different format for this passage if their languages do not allow such speech. Alternate translation: “The people will say, ‘We wish the mountains would cover us!’ and ‘We wish the hills would fall on us!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
HOS 10 9 qgp5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 10 9 v7l6 0 days of Gibeah This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/09.md).
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ HOS 11 intro b7ac 0 # Hosea 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatti
HOS 11 1 h8vd 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child.
HOS 11 1 w4nm figs-metaphor 0 When Israel was a young man Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 11 1 y9f3 figs-metaphor 0 I called my son out of Egypt “son” refers to the people of God the Father. Alternate translation: “I led my son out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 11 2 imw3 figs-activepassive 0 The more they were called, the more they went away from me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 11 2 imw3 figs-activepassive 0 The more they were called, the more they went away from me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 11 3 w384 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel.
HOS 11 3 mgr5 figs-metaphor 0 it was I who taught Ephraim to walk Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 11 3 b3fi 0 lifted them up by their arms This expression continues the metaphor. Alternate translation: “took care of them”
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ HOS 11 8 nmr7 figs-rquestion 0 How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand y
HOS 11 8 nb87 figs-rquestion 0 How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HOS 11 8 s6u1 figs-metonymy 0 My heart has changed within me Here “heart” represents God’s will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 11 9 que5 0 For I am God and not a man God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge.
HOS 11 9 xmy1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not come in wrath If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 11 9 xmy1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not come in wrath If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 11 10 k7zh 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people.
HOS 11 10 ge5v figs-metaphor 0 They will follow Yahweh Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 11 10 ct2q figs-simile 0 he will roar like a lion Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ HOS 12 3 dr1v 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob
HOS 12 3 v8bh figs-explicit 0 In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel Jacob wanted to take his brother’s place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 12 4 s9n9 figs-explicit 0 He struggled with the angel and won Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 12 5 j2gg 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
HOS 12 5 cy44 figs-activepassive 0 is his name to be called on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “name” represents the entire character of God. Alternate translation: “is his name to which we pray” or “is his name by which we worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 12 5 cy44 figs-activepassive 0 is his name to be called on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “name” represents the entire character of God. Alternate translation: “is his name to which we pray” or “is his name by which we worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 12 6 guk8 0 Keep covenantal faithfulness and justice This refers to obeying God’s law and doing what is right.
HOS 12 7 h5jj 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel.
HOS 12 7 n12e 0 false scales The merchants use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling.
@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ HOS 13 1 nqg7 figs-metaphor 0 but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and
HOS 13 2 rtl5 0 Now they sin more and more Here “they” refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the entire nation of Israel, who followed Ephraim’s example.
HOS 13 2 q78p figs-explicit 0 These men who sacrifice kiss calves Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 13 3 jbj2 figs-simile 0 So they will be like the morning clouds … like the dew … like the chaff … like smoke out of a chimney These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 13 3 l2kj figs-activepassive 0 that is driven by the wind away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 13 3 l2kj figs-activepassive 0 that is driven by the wind away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 13 4 k7l1 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own.
HOS 13 5 gbf1 0 I knew you in the wilderness Yahweh claimed the Hebrew people as his own special people, and he took care of them there.
HOS 13 6 nkz8 0 When you had pasture, then you became full The image of sheep is continued with this expression.
@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ HOS 13 6 cq2p figs-metaphor 0 your heart became lifted up Becoming arrogant is
HOS 13 7 x7c5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 13 7 tq4b figs-simile 0 like a lion … like a leopard These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 13 8 y1e5 figs-simile 0 as a bear … as a lion … as a wild beast These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 13 8 ft6g figs-ellipsis 0 as a bear that is robbed of her cubs The words “would attack” are left out because they are understood. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 13 8 ft6g figs-ellipsis 0 as a bear that is robbed of her cubs The words “would attack” are left out because they are understood. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 13 8 bl6f figs-ellipsis 0 as a lion The words “would devour them” are left out because they are understood. Alternate translation: “as a lion would devour them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
HOS 13 9 jdv7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 13 9 k6kg figs-rquestion 0 who will be able to help you? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one will be able to help the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “there will be no on able to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ HOS 13 13 b6hn figs-metaphor 0 but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to
HOS 13 14 yv5m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 13 14 q1qb figs-rquestion 0 Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HOS 13 14 iq7j figs-personification 0 Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? Yahweh speaks to “death” and “Sheol” as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. Alternate translation: “Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HOS 13 14 zq3t figs-metaphor 0 Compassion is hidden from my eyes Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 13 14 zq3t figs-metaphor 0 Compassion is hidden from my eyes Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 13 15 w2sd 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
HOS 13 15 r777 figs-metaphor 0 his brothers This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 13 15 nj8n figs-metaphor 0 an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ HOS 14 2 xcc8 figs-metonymy 0 the fruit of our lips What a person says is calle
HOS 14 3 r5m5 0 General Information: Hosea is speaking
HOS 14 3 xvt4 figs-synecdoche 0 to the work of our hands Here people are represented by their “hands” to refer to the people making things. Alternate translation: “to the idols we made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HOS 14 3 y9ak 0 the fatherless person This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God’s enormous compassion for his people.
HOS 14 3 mh3w figs-abstractnouns 0 finds compassion Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 14 3 mh3w figs-abstractnouns 0 finds compassion Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 14 4 j8i4 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 14 4 x6kz figs-metaphor 0 I will heal their turning away Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 14 4 e5gg figs-metaphor 0 their turning away The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
15 HOS 1 9 a6mv translate-names 0 Lo-Ammi This name means “not my people.” The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. Alternate translation: “Not My People” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16 HOS 1 10 q3ve 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
17 HOS 1 10 mc4b figs-simile 0 like the sand of the seashore This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18 HOS 1 10 tps4 figs-activepassive 0 which cannot be measured or counted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which no one can measure or count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which no one can measure or count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19 HOS 1 10 u2at figs-activepassive 0 It will be that where it was said to them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Where God said to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Where God said to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20 HOS 1 10 zlv3 0 where it was said to them This expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been committed by kings of Israel, and which was a symbol of God’s punishment of them.
21 HOS 1 10 lb2w figs-activepassive 0 it will be said to them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will say to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will say to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22 HOS 1 11 vlg4 figs-activepassive 0 will be gathered together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will gather them together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will gather them together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23 HOS 1 11 t1bm 0 go up from the land This expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity.
24 HOS 1 11 b5bz figs-explicit 0 the day of Jezreel This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25 HOS 2 intro h75z 0 # Hosea 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is poetry, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
26 HOS 2 1 qq88 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
27 HOS 2 1 if49 figs-exclamations 0 My people! This exclamation may be presented as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
28 HOS 2 1 z5an figs-activepassive 0 You have been shown compassion If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has shown you compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has shown you compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29 HOS 2 1 e5gw 0 compassion Alternate translation: “kindness” or “mercy”
30 HOS 2 2 d1d5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
31 HOS 2 2 t1g6 0 lawsuit This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law.
46 HOS 2 7 pk67 figs-metaphor 0 Then she will say, “I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now.” Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47 HOS 2 8 i559 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
48 HOS 2 9 v55u figs-metonymy 0 I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness This probably means that Israel’s harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49 HOS 2 9 rl9d figs-activepassive 0 were used to cover her nakedness If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the people used to clothe themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the people used to clothe themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
50 HOS 2 10 fpp3 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
51 HOS 2 10 jfc9 figs-metaphor 0 Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers This means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52 HOS 2 10 j4bh figs-metonymy 0 no one will rescue her out of my hand No one will try to help Israel. Here “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
99 HOS 4 2 i3nt figs-abstractnouns 0 bloodshed comes after bloodshed Here “bloodshed” stands for “murder” which often involves making the victim bleed. Alternate translation: “you commit one murder after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100 HOS 4 3 y9lx 0 So the land is drying up This expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time.
101 HOS 4 3 mp1u 0 wasting away becoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food
102 HOS 4 3 m1s9 figs-activepassive 0 are being taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “are dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “are dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
103 HOS 4 4 xl63 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
104 HOS 4 4 gz4e 0 lawsuit a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law
105 HOS 4 4 t69t 0 do not let anyone accuse anyone else No one should accuse another person of anything because everyone is guilty of something.
106 HOS 4 5 j4la figs-metaphor 0 You priests will stumble Here “stumble” means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
107 HOS 4 5 a2zy figs-metaphor 0 I will destroy your mother Here “mother” refers to the nation of Israel. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108 HOS 4 6 qhc8 0 General Information: In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UST, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7.
109 HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110 HOS 4 6 j1k4 figs-explicit 0 knowledge Here “knowledge” refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111 HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame This could mean: (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112 HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163 HOS 5 10 x6j7 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
164 HOS 5 10 jdz8 figs-simile 0 The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone To “move a boundary stone” refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
165 HOS 5 10 wbd7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour my wrath on them like water Yahweh’s wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166 HOS 5 11 x64t figs-parallelism 0 Ephraim is crushed; he is crushed in judgment If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This statement is made twice for emphasis. Here “Ephraim” refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will punish the people of Israel severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This statement is made twice for emphasis. Here “Ephraim” refers to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will punish the people of Israel severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
167 HOS 5 11 f3tb figs-metaphor 0 walked after idols Here “walked” represents the idea of worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
168 HOS 5 11 ww39 0 idols The Hebrew word translated here as “idols” is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways.
169 HOS 5 12 jy1j 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
201 HOS 6 10 k436 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
202 HOS 6 10 tac2 figs-metonymy 0 Ephraim’s prostitution Here “prostitution” refers to Ephraim’s worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
203 HOS 6 10 f2vh 0 Israel has become unclean Israel has become unacceptable to God because of her actions.
204 HOS 6 11 c9zv figs-activepassive 0 For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
205 HOS 6 11 nid7 figs-metaphor 0 harvest Here “harvest” represents God’s final judgment on Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
206 HOS 6 11 hag4 0 fortunes prosperity and security
207 HOS 7 intro yc44 0 # Hosea 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh’s anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Baking<br><br>Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel and Ephraim<br>This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel.
213 HOS 7 2 h9mh figs-synecdoche 0 they are before my face Here God is represented by his “face” which emphasizes his presence and awareness. Alternate translation: “and I see it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
214 HOS 7 3 aq6w 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk.
215 HOS 7 4 ccn2 figs-metaphor 0 They are all adulterers The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216 HOS 7 4 q95b figs-simile 0 like an oven heated by the baker If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. Alternate translation: “like an oven which the baker heats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. Alternate translation: “like an oven which the baker heats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
217 HOS 7 4 pvh6 0 kneading of the dough This is a part of the process of making bread.
218 HOS 7 5 h9ht 0 On the day of our king This is perhaps a festival held by the king.
219 HOS 7 5 zte7 figs-idiom 0 He reached out with his hand This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
225 HOS 7 7 z8ny figs-metaphor 0 they devour those who rule over them This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
226 HOS 7 8 a6qy 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
227 HOS 7 8 lqx6 0 Ephraim mixes himself among the peoples This is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom’s kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack.
228 HOS 7 8 q1ji figs-synecdoche 0 Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “Ephraim” refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate translation: “The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “Ephraim” refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate translation: “The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
229 HOS 7 9 qt4k figs-metonymy 0 Gray hairs are sprinkled on him Here “gray hairs” represent old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
230 HOS 7 9 qta1 figs-metaphor 0 but he does not know it However, this “old age” is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is “old.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231 HOS 7 10 i323 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
245 HOS 7 16 k39m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
246 HOS 7 16 r57a figs-simile 0 They are like a slack bow That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
247 HOS 7 16 q25q figs-metonymy 0 because of the insolence of their tongues Here “tongue” refers to what the officials say. Alternate translation: “because they insult me” or “because they curse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
248 HOS 7 16 r7lt figs-abstractnouns 0 This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mockery**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mockery**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
249 HOS 8 intro sj97 0 # Hosea 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him.<br>Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>This chapter contains some references to the “calf of Samaria.” This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah.
250 HOS 8 1 iyy7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
251 HOS 8 1 rq62 figs-metaphor 0 An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 HOS 8 1 tc1q figs-metaphor 0 broken my covenant Here “broken” represents “disobeyed,” “violated.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253 HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you Alternate translation: “are faithful to you”
254 HOS 8 4 hqd2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
255 HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
256 HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected This could mean: (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
257 HOS 8 5 xu7a figs-metonymy 0 Your calf The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: “Because you worship your calf idol, your worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
258 HOS 8 5 k9n8 figs-metaphor 0 My anger is burning against these people Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
262 HOS 8 7 ehs7 figs-idiom 0 The standing grain has no heads Here “head” refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel’s actions will result in nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
263 HOS 8 7 m4n5 figs-metaphor 0 If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour it If any of Israel’s actions do happen to result in something good, Israel’s enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
264 HOS 8 8 vk5d 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
265 HOS 8 8 qfd6 figs-metaphor 0 Israel is swallowed up “swallowed” means to be defeated and taken into exile. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) “swallowed” means to be defeated and taken into exile. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
266 HOS 8 9 byr1 figs-simile 0 like a wild donkey all alone People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
267 HOS 8 9 s8b5 figs-metaphor 0 Ephraim has hired lovers for herself Ephraim’s alliances with other nations are spoken of as if they had paid them to become prostitutes for Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
268 HOS 8 10 inw9 0 because of the oppression of the king of princes That is, because the Assyrian king, also called “the Great King,” will make the people suffer.
333 HOS 10 4 pk52 figs-simile 0 like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
334 HOS 10 5 yyw7 0 General Information: Hosea is speaking about Israel.
335 HOS 10 5 ete5 translate-names 0 Beth Aven This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
336 HOS 10 6 w5gu figs-activepassive 0 They will be carried to Assyria If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will carry them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will carry them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
337 HOS 10 6 lfq9 figs-doublet 0 Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
338 HOS 10 6 uvj4 0 its idol Many versions interpret the Hebrew word in this passage as “advice,” “plans,” or “intentions.”
339 HOS 10 7 a35s figs-activepassive 0 Samaria’s king will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
340 HOS 10 7 ci5d figs-simile 0 like a chip of wood on the surface of the water This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
341 HOS 10 8 jvt8 figs-activepassive 0 The high places of wickedness will be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy Israel’s high places, where the people acted very wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will destroy Israel’s high places, where the people acted very wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
342 HOS 10 8 u7pp figs-apostrophe 0 The people will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” and to the hills, “Fall on us!” People do not normally speak to things that cannot think or hear them. Translators may choose to have a different format for this passage if their languages do not allow such speech. Alternate translation: “The people will say, ‘We wish the mountains would cover us!’ and ‘We wish the hills would fall on us!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
343 HOS 10 9 qgp5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
344 HOS 10 9 v7l6 0 days of Gibeah This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/09.md).
364 HOS 11 1 h8vd 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child.
365 HOS 11 1 w4nm figs-metaphor 0 When Israel was a young man Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
366 HOS 11 1 y9f3 figs-metaphor 0 I called my son out of Egypt “son” refers to the people of God the Father. Alternate translation: “I led my son out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
367 HOS 11 2 imw3 figs-activepassive 0 The more they were called, the more they went away from me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
368 HOS 11 3 w384 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel.
369 HOS 11 3 mgr5 figs-metaphor 0 it was I who taught Ephraim to walk Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
370 HOS 11 3 b3fi 0 lifted them up by their arms This expression continues the metaphor. Alternate translation: “took care of them”
383 HOS 11 8 nb87 figs-rquestion 0 How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
384 HOS 11 8 s6u1 figs-metonymy 0 My heart has changed within me Here “heart” represents God’s will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
385 HOS 11 9 que5 0 For I am God and not a man God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge.
386 HOS 11 9 xmy1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not come in wrath If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
387 HOS 11 10 k7zh 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people.
388 HOS 11 10 ge5v figs-metaphor 0 They will follow Yahweh Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
389 HOS 11 10 ct2q figs-simile 0 he will roar like a lion Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
404 HOS 12 3 v8bh figs-explicit 0 In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel Jacob wanted to take his brother’s place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
405 HOS 12 4 s9n9 figs-explicit 0 He struggled with the angel and won Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
406 HOS 12 5 j2gg 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
407 HOS 12 5 cy44 figs-activepassive 0 is his name to be called on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “name” represents the entire character of God. Alternate translation: “is his name to which we pray” or “is his name by which we worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Here “name” represents the entire character of God. Alternate translation: “is his name to which we pray” or “is his name by which we worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
408 HOS 12 6 guk8 0 Keep covenantal faithfulness and justice This refers to obeying God’s law and doing what is right.
409 HOS 12 7 h5jj 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel.
410 HOS 12 7 n12e 0 false scales The merchants use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling.
433 HOS 13 2 rtl5 0 Now they sin more and more Here “they” refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the entire nation of Israel, who followed Ephraim’s example.
434 HOS 13 2 q78p figs-explicit 0 These men who sacrifice kiss calves Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
435 HOS 13 3 jbj2 figs-simile 0 So they will be like the morning clouds … like the dew … like the chaff … like smoke out of a chimney These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
436 HOS 13 3 l2kj figs-activepassive 0 that is driven by the wind away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
437 HOS 13 4 k7l1 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own.
438 HOS 13 5 gbf1 0 I knew you in the wilderness Yahweh claimed the Hebrew people as his own special people, and he took care of them there.
439 HOS 13 6 nkz8 0 When you had pasture, then you became full The image of sheep is continued with this expression.
441 HOS 13 7 x7c5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
442 HOS 13 7 tq4b figs-simile 0 like a lion … like a leopard These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
443 HOS 13 8 y1e5 figs-simile 0 as a bear … as a lion … as a wild beast These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
444 HOS 13 8 ft6g figs-ellipsis 0 as a bear that is robbed of her cubs The words “would attack” are left out because they are understood. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The words “would attack” are left out because they are understood. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
445 HOS 13 8 bl6f figs-ellipsis 0 as a lion The words “would devour them” are left out because they are understood. Alternate translation: “as a lion would devour them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
446 HOS 13 9 jdv7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
447 HOS 13 9 k6kg figs-rquestion 0 who will be able to help you? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one will be able to help the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “there will be no on able to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
454 HOS 13 14 yv5m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
455 HOS 13 14 q1qb figs-rquestion 0 Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
456 HOS 13 14 iq7j figs-personification 0 Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? Yahweh speaks to “death” and “Sheol” as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. Alternate translation: “Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
457 HOS 13 14 zq3t figs-metaphor 0 Compassion is hidden from my eyes Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
458 HOS 13 15 w2sd 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
459 HOS 13 15 r777 figs-metaphor 0 his brothers This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
460 HOS 13 15 nj8n figs-metaphor 0 an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
473 HOS 14 3 r5m5 0 General Information: Hosea is speaking
474 HOS 14 3 xvt4 figs-synecdoche 0 to the work of our hands Here people are represented by their “hands” to refer to the people making things. Alternate translation: “to the idols we made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
475 HOS 14 3 y9ak 0 the fatherless person This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God’s enormous compassion for his people.
476 HOS 14 3 mh3w figs-abstractnouns 0 finds compassion Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
477 HOS 14 4 j8i4 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
478 HOS 14 4 x6kz figs-metaphor 0 I will heal their turning away Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
479 HOS 14 4 e5gg figs-metaphor 0 their turning away The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

10
en_tn_29-JOL.tsv
View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ JOL 1 13 uv6d 0 General Information: God speaks to the priests in Israel
JOL 1 13 w9cv מִנְחָ֥ה וָ⁠נָֽסֶךְ 1 the grain offering and the drink offering regular offerings in the temple
JOL 1 14 z8ne בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 the house of Yahweh your God the temple in Jerusalem
JOL 1 15 q895 0 General Information: This is what God is telling the priests to say.
JOL 1 15 u6hs figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 With it will come destruction from the Almighty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 1 15 u6hs figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 With it will come destruction from the Almighty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 1 16 yv6d figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 1 16 r8wr figs-synecdoche נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 from before our eyes “from us.” This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOL 1 16 f1eb figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness from the house of our God You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ JOL 2 11 tzv4 figs-hendiadys גָד֧וֹל…וְ⁠נוֹרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד
JOL 2 11 vht4 figs-rquestion וּ⁠מִ֥י יְכִילֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Who can survive it? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one will be strong enough to survive Yahweh’s judgment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 2 12 d1i9 figs-metonymy שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖⁠י בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Return to me with all your heart The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Alternate translation: “Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 13 d1sf figs-metonymy וְ⁠קִרְע֤וּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠אַל־בִּגְדֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Tear your heart and not only your garments The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Tearing one’s clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. Alternate translation: “Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 13 wfp5 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠רַב־חֶ֔סֶד 1 abundant in covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “always faithful to his covenant” or “always loves faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOL 2 13 wfp5 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠רַב־חֶ֔סֶד 1 abundant in covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “always faithful to his covenant” or “always loves faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOL 2 13 e3gw וְ⁠נִחָ֖ם עַל 1 turn from stop
JOL 2 14 a2av figs-rquestion יָשׁ֣וּב וְ⁠נִחָ֑ם וְ⁠הִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָי⁠ו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָ⁠נֶ֔סֶךְ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Will he perhaps turn … God? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger … God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 2 14 xys3 וְ⁠הִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָי⁠ו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָ⁠נֶ֔סֶךְ 1 leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering “leave behind him a blessing—that is, a grain offering and a drink offering.” The blessing is that plenty of grain and grapes will ripen, and so the people will be able to offer grain and drink offerings.
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ JOL 3 13 tz4a figs-metaphor בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְ
JOL 3 13 haw5 figs-metaphor הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽ⁠ם 1 The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous Yahweh speaks of the nations’ wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 14 y2ge הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים 1 a tumult, a tumult A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
JOL 3 14 r3ir בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ…בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶ⁠חָרֽוּץ 1 Valley of Judgment … Valley of Judgment This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -152,6 +152,6 @@ JOL 3 19 la92 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לִ⁠שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔
JOL 3 19 au36 וֶ⁠אֱד֕וֹם לְ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”
JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽ⁠חֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah Alternate translation: “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”
JOL 3 19 t6ay figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּ⁠אַרְצָֽ⁠ם 1 because they shed innocent blood in their land The word “they” refers to “Edom” and “Egypt” and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words “innocent blood” are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: “because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 3 20 gi4z figs-activepassive וִ⁠יהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠עוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב 1 Judah will be inhabited forever If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 3 20 f72t figs-activepassive וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְ⁠ד֥וֹר וָ⁠דֽוֹר 1 Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 3 20 gi4z figs-activepassive וִ⁠יהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠עוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב 1 Judah will be inhabited forever If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 3 20 f72t figs-activepassive וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְ⁠ד֥וֹר וָ⁠דֽוֹר 1 Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 3 21 dj9s figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִקֵּ֖יתִי דָּמָ֣⁠ם לֹֽא־נִקֵּ֑יתִי 1 I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged Blood is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: “I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
27 JOL 1 13 w9cv מִנְחָ֥ה וָ⁠נָֽסֶךְ 1 the grain offering and the drink offering regular offerings in the temple
28 JOL 1 14 z8ne בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 the house of Yahweh your God the temple in Jerusalem
29 JOL 1 15 q895 0 General Information: This is what God is telling the priests to say.
30 JOL 1 15 u6hs figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 With it will come destruction from the Almighty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
31 JOL 1 16 yv6d figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32 JOL 1 16 r8wr figs-synecdoche נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 from before our eyes “from us.” This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
33 JOL 1 16 f1eb figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness from the house of our God You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
60 JOL 2 11 vht4 figs-rquestion וּ⁠מִ֥י יְכִילֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Who can survive it? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one will be strong enough to survive Yahweh’s judgment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
61 JOL 2 12 d1i9 figs-metonymy שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖⁠י בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Return to me with all your heart The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Alternate translation: “Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
62 JOL 2 13 d1sf figs-metonymy וְ⁠קִרְע֤וּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠אַל־בִּגְדֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Tear your heart and not only your garments The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Tearing one’s clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. Alternate translation: “Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63 JOL 2 13 wfp5 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠רַב־חֶ֔סֶד 1 abundant in covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “always faithful to his covenant” or “always loves faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “always faithful to his covenant” or “always loves faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
64 JOL 2 13 e3gw וְ⁠נִחָ֖ם עַל 1 turn from stop
65 JOL 2 14 a2av figs-rquestion יָשׁ֣וּב וְ⁠נִחָ֑ם וְ⁠הִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָי⁠ו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָ⁠נֶ֔סֶךְ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Will he perhaps turn … God? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger … God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
66 JOL 2 14 xys3 וְ⁠הִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָי⁠ו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָ⁠נֶ֔סֶךְ 1 leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering “leave behind him a blessing—that is, a grain offering and a drink offering.” The blessing is that plenty of grain and grapes will ripen, and so the people will be able to offer grain and drink offerings.
134 JOL 3 13 haw5 figs-metaphor הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽ⁠ם 1 The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous Yahweh speaks of the nations’ wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135 JOL 3 14 y2ge הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים 1 a tumult, a tumult A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
136 JOL 3 14 r3ir בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ…בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶ⁠חָרֽוּץ 1 Valley of Judgment … Valley of Judgment This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
137 JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) There is no known place with this name. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
138 JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
139 JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
140 JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152 JOL 3 19 au36 וֶ⁠אֱד֕וֹם לְ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”
153 JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽ⁠חֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah Alternate translation: “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”
154 JOL 3 19 t6ay figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּ⁠אַרְצָֽ⁠ם 1 because they shed innocent blood in their land The word “they” refers to “Edom” and “Egypt” and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words “innocent blood” are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: “because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
155 JOL 3 20 gi4z figs-activepassive וִ⁠יהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠עוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב 1 Judah will be inhabited forever If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156 JOL 3 20 f72t figs-activepassive וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְ⁠ד֥וֹר וָ⁠דֽוֹר 1 Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
157 JOL 3 21 dj9s figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִקֵּ֖יתִי דָּמָ֣⁠ם לֹֽא־נִקֵּ֑יתִי 1 I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged Blood is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: “I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
AMO front intro ih42 0 # Introduction to Amos<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Amos<br><br>1. Amos introduced (1:1)<br>1. Yahweh judges the nations (1:2-2:16)<br> * The surrounding nations (1:2–2:3)<br> * The southern kingdom (2:4–5)<br> * The northern kingdom (2:6–16)<br>1. Amos prophesies against the people of Israel (3:1–6:14)<br>1. Yahweh shows Amos several visions (7:1-9:10)<br>1. Israel is to be restored (9:11–15)<br><br>### What is the Book of Amos about?<br><br>The Book of Amos contains the words of Amos, a shepherd of Tekoa. Amos began to prophesy about 760 BC. He spoke Yahweh’s messages against God’s people behaving wickedly. He spoke messages to both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>Yahweh gave Amos prophecies of judgment (Chapters 1-6) to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase “This is what Yahweh says” (ULT).<br><br>Three visions of Yahweh coming to judge the people are in the last part of the book (7:1-9:10). A final vision promises that Yahweh will restore Israel (9:11-15). He will restore the “tent of David.” This means a descendant of David would once again be king over Israel.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Amos” or just “Amos.” Translators may also call it the “The Book of the Sayings of Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Amos?<br><br>The prophet Amos probably wrote this book. He lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Amos came from a poor family. They grew sycamore trees (7:14, 15) and were shepherds ([Amos 1:1](../../amo/01/01.md)). Though Amos was not trained as a prophet, he knew and understood the law of Moses. Also, Amos skillfully used expressive and meaningful words.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How is justice described in Amos?<br><br>Justice is an important theme in the Book of Amos. Justice means people treating others fairly according to the law of Yahweh. People in Israel were oppressing and taking advantage of poor people, orphans, and widows. Amos explained that Yahweh would prefer that the people act justly rather than sacrifice to him. Truly obeying the law of Moses meant being just to other people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### What is a lawsuit?<br><br>Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. Amos uses various legal terms. Part of the book presents events in a courtroom. The people are introduced, the problem is explained, the people are examined, witnesses speak, and a verdict is given.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?<br><br>The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. In Amos, “Israel” almost always refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>### Where do the various narratives begin and end?<br><br>The structure of the Book of Amos may make it difficult to understand where Amos ends one thought and begins another. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs.
AMO 1 intro v72p 0 # Amos 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts.<br><br>### “For three sins of Judah, even for four”<br>The phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
AMO 1 1 zsg5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
AMO 1 1 e8f1 figs-activepassive 0 These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 1 e8f1 figs-activepassive 0 These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 1 qz81 0 These are the things Alternate translation: “This is the message”
AMO 1 1 a358 translate-names 0 in Tekoa “Tekoa” is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 1 1 t6dv figs-activepassive 0 He received these things If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave him these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 1 t6dv figs-activepassive 0 He received these things If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave him these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 1 ffc4 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel The words “in the days of” is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 1 1 vmr4 figs-explicit 0 two years before the earthquake The assumed knowledge is that the original hearers would be aware of when a large earthquake had affected the area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 1 2 x1sx figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh will roar from Zion; he will raise his voice from Jerusalem These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that Yahweh shouts loudly as he prepares to judge the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ AMO 1 14 i3cd figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces Here Yahweh’s judgme
AMO 1 14 hpu5 figs-metaphor 0 with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 1 14 xh9x 0 tempest … whirlwind These are two kinds of violent storms.
AMO 1 14 zf7h 0 whirlwind a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
AMO 1 15 s4xt figs-abstractnouns 0 Their king will go into captivity If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 15 s4xt figs-abstractnouns 0 Their king will go into captivity If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 2 intro ibd6 0 # Amos 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UST translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>You will notice that the phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
AMO 2 1 g1vl 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 2 1 uc48 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ AMO 2 7 fx7m figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people in general.
AMO 2 7 q5bc figs-idiom 0 they push the oppressed away This idiom means they refused to listen when the oppressed people said they were being treated unfairly (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 2 7 lck3 figs-nominaladj 0 the oppressed This refers to oppressed people in general. Alternate translation: “oppressed people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 2 7 jl29 figs-euphemism 0 go in to the same girl This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “hav sexual relations with the same girl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
AMO 2 8 r53c figs-activepassive 0 those who were fined If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who they made to pay a penalty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 2 8 r53c figs-activepassive 0 those who were fined If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who they made to pay a penalty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 2 9 m3ct 0 General Information: The words “them” and “you” in these verses both refer to the people of Israel.
AMO 2 9 b98b 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
AMO 2 9 f6cf figs-hyperbole 0 whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks This is an exaggeration. It describes how tall and strong the Amorite people were and compares them to the tallest and strongest trees in that region. Alternate translation: “who were tall and strong like great trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ AMO 2 9 b3lg figs-idiom 0 Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below H
AMO 2 11 xf7b 0 General Information: The words “your” and “you” in these verses refer to the people of Israel.
AMO 2 11 d8dg 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
AMO 2 11 yd3w 0 raised up Alternate translation: “appointed”
AMO 2 11 hfp4 figs-activepassive 0 Is it not so, people of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 2 11 hfp4 figs-activepassive 0 Is it not so, people of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 2 11 ar32 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 2 13 gch1 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Israel.
AMO 2 13 kk7s 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ AMO 3 8 ext3 figs-rquestion 0 The Lord Yahweh has spoken; who will not prophesy
AMO 3 9 lte7 0 Assemble yourselves This command is to Israel’s enemies in Ashdod and Egypt.
AMO 3 9 qpm1 figs-personification 0 see what great confusion is in her The word “her” refers to the city of Samaria. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
AMO 3 9 s3x8 figs-explicit 0 what great confusion is in her Here “great confusion is in her” refers to people’s fear because of the fighting and rioting there. The word “confusion” can be translated with a verbal phrase to make this meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “how the people in Samaria riot” or “how the people in Samaria fight against one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 3 9 w5vx figs-abstractnouns 0 what oppression is in her Here “oppression is in her” refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **oppress**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “oppress” or “cause to suffer.” Alternate translation: “how the leaders oppress people” or “and how they cause people to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 3 9 w5vx figs-abstractnouns 0 what oppression is in her Here “oppression is in her” refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **oppress**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “oppress” or “cause to suffer.” Alternate translation: “how the leaders oppress people” or “and how they cause people to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 3 10 qk73 0 For they do not know how to do right The word “they” refers to the people of Samaria.
AMO 3 10 v5xa figs-metonymy 0 They store up violence and destruction Here “violence and destruction” represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. Alternate translation: “They store up things that they have violently stolen from others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 3 11 zag9 figs-explicit 0 Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ AMO 3 13 u9dn figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a meto
AMO 3 13 tw5j figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 3 14 agr5 0 in the day that I punish the sins of Israel Alternate translation: “when I punish the sins of Israel”
AMO 3 14 z44y figs-metonymy 0 I will also punish the altars of Bethel People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here “punish the altars” represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. Alternate translation: “I will also destroy the altars at Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 3 14 cy5d figs-activepassive 0 The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 3 14 cy5d figs-activepassive 0 The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 3 14 gi8t 0 horns of the altar People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods.
AMO 3 15 r11p figs-genericnoun 0 the winter house with the summer house Some of the wealthy people had two houses: one that they lived in during the winter and one that they lived in during the summer. This refers to any winter and summer houses. Alternate translation: “the houses they live in during the winter and the houses they live in during the summer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
AMO 3 15 w3z9 figs-personification 0 The houses of ivory will perish God speaks of the houses being destroyed as if they were alive and would die. Alternate translation: “The houses of ivory will be destroyed” or “The houses of ivory will collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ AMO 4 2 d7kr figs-metaphor 0 the days will come on you when they will take you
AMO 4 2 xgg4 figs-parallelism 0 they will take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will capture the people like people catch fish. Alternate translation: “they will capture you as people capture animals, and they take you away” or “they will defeat you and cruelly force you to go away with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 4 3 knp3 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
AMO 4 3 yu6h 0 breaks in the city wall places where the enemy had broken down the city wall to enter
AMO 4 3 zrg7 figs-activepassive 0 you will be thrown out toward Harmon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will throw you out toward Harmon” or “your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 4 3 zrg7 figs-activepassive 0 you will be thrown out toward Harmon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will throw you out toward Harmon” or “your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 4 3 zu7p translate-names 0 Harmon This is either the name of a place that we do not know, or it refers to Mount Hermon. Some modern versions interpret it in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 4 3 th6y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 4 4 l9eu 0 General Information: God gives several commands in verse 4, but he does so to show that he is angry
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ AMO 4 6 j831 figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God repre
AMO 4 6 vsj8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 4 7 emt8 0 I also withheld rain from you Alternate translation: “I prevented the rain from falling on your crops”
AMO 4 7 zv4m figs-explicit 0 when there were still three months to the harvest It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate translation: “when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 4 7 nmf3 figs-activepassive 0 One piece of land was rained on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase “One piece of land” represents any piece of land.” Alternate translation: “It rained on one piece of land” or “It rained on some pieces of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 4 7 nmf3 figs-activepassive 0 One piece of land was rained on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase “One piece of land” represents any piece of land.” Alternate translation: “It rained on one piece of land” or “It rained on some pieces of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 4 7 uw18 figs-genericnoun 0 the piece of land where it did not rain This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. Alternate translation: “the pieces of land where it did not rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
AMO 4 8 sd8l figs-metonymy 0 Two or three cities staggered Here “cities” represents the people of those cities. Alternate translation: “The people of two or three cities staggered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 4 8 ly7z figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “you have not submitted again to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ AMO 4 13 sha6 0 Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name By declaring his full name,
AMO 5 intro w1eh 0 # Amos 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Place Names<br>This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### City gate<br>The “city gate” is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 5 1 u6w8 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. Alternate translation: “you people of Israel” or “you Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 5 2 cqa2 figs-metaphor 0 The virgin Israel has fallen … no one to raise her up The phrase “The virgin Israel” represents the nation of Israel. The nation of Israel being destroyed and having no other nation to help them become strong again is spoken of as if it were a young woman who has fallen and has no one to raise her up. Alternate translation: “The nation of Israel is like a woman who has fallen … no one to help her get up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 2 lta8 figs-activepassive 0 she is forsaken on her land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People have forsaken her” or “they have abandoned her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 5 2 lta8 figs-activepassive 0 she is forsaken on her land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People have forsaken her” or “they have abandoned her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 5 3 ecu7 figs-genericnoun 0 The city that went out with a thousand … the one that went out with a hundred These phrases refer to any cities that sent out large numbers of soldiers. Alternate translation: “Cities that went out with a thousand … cities that went out with a hundred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
AMO 5 3 z3m4 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred left The phrases “a thousand” and “a hundred” refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 5 3 m7h5 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand “The city that went out” represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. Alternate translation: “The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight” or “The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -240,8 +240,8 @@ AMO 5 8 uny6 translate-unknown 0 the Pleiades and Orion People saw patterns in
AMO 5 8 fkp9 0 he turns darkness into the morning … day dark with night “he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night.” This refers to causing the times of the day.
AMO 5 8 jzr4 figs-metaphor 0 calls for the waters … on the surface of the earth This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. Alternate translation: “he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 8 rb72 0 Yahweh is his name! By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone”
AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
AMO 5 11 sm1t figs-explicit 0 you will not drink their wine The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses Alternate translation: “bringing the de
AMO 6 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.” The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 6 11 bc74 0 look Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention”
AMO 6 11 q1t3 figs-parallelism 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between “the big house” and “the little house” means that this refers to all houses. Alternate translation: “all the houses will be smashed into small pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 6 11 j5da figs-activepassive 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy will smash the big house to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 6 11 j5da figs-activepassive 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy will smash the big house to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 6 11 dc2l 0 to pieces … to bits You can use the same word for both of these phrases.
AMO 6 11 q1uc figs-ellipsis 0 the little house to bits This can be stated with the understood information included. Alternate translation: “enemies will smash the little house to bits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 6 12 s3ja 0 General Information: Amos uses two rhetorical questions to draw attention to the rebuke that follows.
@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ AMO 7 5 l5ir figs-metonymy 0 how will Jacob survive? For he is so small. Here
AMO 7 7 s6wg 0 plumb line thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down
AMO 7 8 tbb9 figs-rquestion 0 what do you see? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “tell me what you see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 7 8 t5nq figs-metaphor 0 I will put a plumb line among my people Israel Judging the people and determining they are wicked is spoken of as if the Israelites were a wall, and Yahweh determines the wall is not straight by using a plumb line. Alternate translation: “my people Israel are wicked. They are like a wall that is not straight up and down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 7 9 j2t3 figs-metonymy 0 The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword Here “sword” represents an army. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 7 9 j2t3 figs-metonymy 0 The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword Here “sword” represents an army. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 7 9 u5md figs-metonymy 0 Isaac … Israel Both of these represent the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Isaac … the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 9 g5em figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jeroboam Here “house” represents “family.” Translate “Jeroboam” as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel This could mean: (1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or (2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel.
@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ AMO 7 14 geh3 translate-unknown 0 sycamore fig trees Sycamores are broad trees
AMO 7 16 k6j9 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
AMO 7 16 dz72 figs-metonymy 0 do not speak against the house of Isaac Here “house” represents the family or descendants of Isaac. Alternate translation: “do not speak against the descendants of Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 17 c3rd figs-metonymy 0 your sons and your daughters will fall by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill your sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 17 sqs6 figs-activepassive 0 your land will be measured and divided up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 7 17 sqs6 figs-activepassive 0 your land will be measured and divided up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 7 17 mr3m figs-metaphor 0 an unclean land A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. Alternate translation: “a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 8 intro h32s 0 # Amos 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh’s people are sinning and<br>how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “This is the declaration of Yahweh”<br><br>This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
AMO 8 1 m4g1 0 Look, a basket of summer fruit! The word “look” here shows that Amos saw something interesting. Alternate translation: “I saw a basket of summer fruit!”
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ AMO 9 2 gx89 figs-hyperbole 0 Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will ta
AMO 9 2 v2qa figs-metonymy 0 there my hand will take them Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “I will pull them up from there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 9 3 lgc3 figs-hyperbole 0 Though they hide on the top of Carmel … Though they are hidden from my sight in the bottom of the sea Yahweh gives an exaggerated image of the people fleeing to the top of mount Carmel or to the bottom of the sea to escape being killed. Here “top of Carmel” and “bottom of the sea” are a merism that represents all places. Alternate translation: “Even if they were to hide on the top of Carmel … Even if they tried to go the bottom sea, thinking that I could not see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 9 3 di6k 0 serpent an unknown fierce sea animal, not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake
AMO 9 4 z1fj figs-activepassive 0 Though they go into captivity, driven by their enemies before them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 9 4 z1fj figs-activepassive 0 Though they go into captivity, driven by their enemies before them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 9 4 rm94 figs-metonymy 0 there will I give orders to the sword, and it will kill them Here “sword” represents their enemies. Alternate translation: “there I will cause their enemies to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 9 4 p2p1 figs-metonymy 0 I will keep my eyes on them for harm and not for good Here “eyes” represents seeing. The phrase “keep my eyes on them” is an idiom that means to watch closely. Alternate translation: “I will watch closely and make sure only bad things happen to them and not good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 9 5 v6tg figs-simile 0 all of it will rise up like the River, and sink again like the river of Egypt Here “the River” and “river of Egypt” both refer to the Nile river. Yahweh causing the land to shake violently is compared to the waters of the Nile river rising and sinking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -426,5 +426,5 @@ AMO 9 13 yi58 0 when the plowman … him who plants seed These are two images
AMO 9 13 s1fu figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 9 13 i41r figs-parallelism 0 The mountains will drip sweet wine, and all the hills will flow with it These two lines mean basically the same thing. The huge amount of grapes and wine in Israel is spoken of as if wine flows down the hills and mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 9 15 cl8k figs-metaphor 0 I will plant them upon their land, and they will never again be uprooted from the land Bringing the people back to their land and keeping them safe from enemies is spoken of as if Israel were a plant that Yahweh would put in the ground and not let anyone pull the plant up from the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to live in the land forever like a plant that is never uprooted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 9 15 xry4 figs-activepassive 0 they will never again be uprooted from the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever again uproot them from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 9 15 xry4 figs-activepassive 0 they will never again be uprooted from the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever again uproot them from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 9 15 cqf7 0 uprooted for a plant and its roots to be pulled out of the ground

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2 AMO front intro ih42 0 # Introduction to Amos<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Amos<br><br>1. Amos introduced (1:1)<br>1. Yahweh judges the nations (1:2-2:16)<br> * The surrounding nations (1:2–2:3)<br> * The southern kingdom (2:4–5)<br> * The northern kingdom (2:6–16)<br>1. Amos prophesies against the people of Israel (3:1–6:14)<br>1. Yahweh shows Amos several visions (7:1-9:10)<br>1. Israel is to be restored (9:11–15)<br><br>### What is the Book of Amos about?<br><br>The Book of Amos contains the words of Amos, a shepherd of Tekoa. Amos began to prophesy about 760 BC. He spoke Yahweh’s messages against God’s people behaving wickedly. He spoke messages to both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>Yahweh gave Amos prophecies of judgment (Chapters 1-6) to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase “This is what Yahweh says” (ULT).<br><br>Three visions of Yahweh coming to judge the people are in the last part of the book (7:1-9:10). A final vision promises that Yahweh will restore Israel (9:11-15). He will restore the “tent of David.” This means a descendant of David would once again be king over Israel.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Amos” or just “Amos.” Translators may also call it the “The Book of the Sayings of Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Amos?<br><br>The prophet Amos probably wrote this book. He lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Amos came from a poor family. They grew sycamore trees (7:14, 15) and were shepherds ([Amos 1:1](../../amo/01/01.md)). Though Amos was not trained as a prophet, he knew and understood the law of Moses. Also, Amos skillfully used expressive and meaningful words.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How is justice described in Amos?<br><br>Justice is an important theme in the Book of Amos. Justice means people treating others fairly according to the law of Yahweh. People in Israel were oppressing and taking advantage of poor people, orphans, and widows. Amos explained that Yahweh would prefer that the people act justly rather than sacrifice to him. Truly obeying the law of Moses meant being just to other people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### What is a lawsuit?<br><br>Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. Amos uses various legal terms. Part of the book presents events in a courtroom. The people are introduced, the problem is explained, the people are examined, witnesses speak, and a verdict is given.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?<br><br>The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. In Amos, “Israel” almost always refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>### Where do the various narratives begin and end?<br><br>The structure of the Book of Amos may make it difficult to understand where Amos ends one thought and begins another. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs.
3 AMO 1 intro v72p 0 # Amos 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts.<br><br>### “For three sins of Judah, even for four”<br>The phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
4 AMO 1 1 zsg5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5 AMO 1 1 e8f1 figs-activepassive 0 These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6 AMO 1 1 qz81 0 These are the things Alternate translation: “This is the message”
7 AMO 1 1 a358 translate-names 0 in Tekoa “Tekoa” is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8 AMO 1 1 t6dv figs-activepassive 0 He received these things If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave him these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave him these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9 AMO 1 1 ffc4 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel The words “in the days of” is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
10 AMO 1 1 vmr4 figs-explicit 0 two years before the earthquake The assumed knowledge is that the original hearers would be aware of when a large earthquake had affected the area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11 AMO 1 2 x1sx figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh will roar from Zion; he will raise his voice from Jerusalem These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that Yahweh shouts loudly as he prepares to judge the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
59 AMO 1 14 hpu5 figs-metaphor 0 with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60 AMO 1 14 xh9x 0 tempest … whirlwind These are two kinds of violent storms.
61 AMO 1 14 zf7h 0 whirlwind a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
62 AMO 1 15 s4xt figs-abstractnouns 0 Their king will go into captivity If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
63 AMO 2 intro ibd6 0 # Amos 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UST translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>You will notice that the phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
64 AMO 2 1 g1vl 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
65 AMO 2 1 uc48 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91 AMO 2 7 q5bc figs-idiom 0 they push the oppressed away This idiom means they refused to listen when the oppressed people said they were being treated unfairly (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
92 AMO 2 7 lck3 figs-nominaladj 0 the oppressed This refers to oppressed people in general. Alternate translation: “oppressed people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
93 AMO 2 7 jl29 figs-euphemism 0 go in to the same girl This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “hav sexual relations with the same girl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
94 AMO 2 8 r53c figs-activepassive 0 those who were fined If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who they made to pay a penalty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who they made to pay a penalty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
95 AMO 2 9 m3ct 0 General Information: The words “them” and “you” in these verses both refer to the people of Israel.
96 AMO 2 9 b98b 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
97 AMO 2 9 f6cf figs-hyperbole 0 whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks This is an exaggeration. It describes how tall and strong the Amorite people were and compares them to the tallest and strongest trees in that region. Alternate translation: “who were tall and strong like great trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
101 AMO 2 11 xf7b 0 General Information: The words “your” and “you” in these verses refer to the people of Israel.
102 AMO 2 11 d8dg 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
103 AMO 2 11 yd3w 0 raised up Alternate translation: “appointed”
104 AMO 2 11 hfp4 figs-activepassive 0 Is it not so, people of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
105 AMO 2 11 ar32 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
106 AMO 2 13 gch1 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Israel.
107 AMO 2 13 kk7s 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
142 AMO 3 9 lte7 0 Assemble yourselves This command is to Israel’s enemies in Ashdod and Egypt.
143 AMO 3 9 qpm1 figs-personification 0 see what great confusion is in her The word “her” refers to the city of Samaria. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
144 AMO 3 9 s3x8 figs-explicit 0 what great confusion is in her Here “great confusion is in her” refers to people’s fear because of the fighting and rioting there. The word “confusion” can be translated with a verbal phrase to make this meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “how the people in Samaria riot” or “how the people in Samaria fight against one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
145 AMO 3 9 w5vx figs-abstractnouns 0 what oppression is in her Here “oppression is in her” refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **oppress**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “oppress” or “cause to suffer.” Alternate translation: “how the leaders oppress people” or “and how they cause people to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here “oppression is in her” refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **oppress**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “oppress” or “cause to suffer.” Alternate translation: “how the leaders oppress people” or “and how they cause people to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
146 AMO 3 10 qk73 0 For they do not know how to do right The word “they” refers to the people of Samaria.
147 AMO 3 10 v5xa figs-metonymy 0 They store up violence and destruction Here “violence and destruction” represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. Alternate translation: “They store up things that they have violently stolen from others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
148 AMO 3 11 zag9 figs-explicit 0 Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
157 AMO 3 13 tw5j figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
158 AMO 3 14 agr5 0 in the day that I punish the sins of Israel Alternate translation: “when I punish the sins of Israel”
159 AMO 3 14 z44y figs-metonymy 0 I will also punish the altars of Bethel People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here “punish the altars” represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. Alternate translation: “I will also destroy the altars at Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160 AMO 3 14 cy5d figs-activepassive 0 The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
161 AMO 3 14 gi8t 0 horns of the altar People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods.
162 AMO 3 15 r11p figs-genericnoun 0 the winter house with the summer house Some of the wealthy people had two houses: one that they lived in during the winter and one that they lived in during the summer. This refers to any winter and summer houses. Alternate translation: “the houses they live in during the winter and the houses they live in during the summer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
163 AMO 3 15 w3z9 figs-personification 0 The houses of ivory will perish God speaks of the houses being destroyed as if they were alive and would die. Alternate translation: “The houses of ivory will be destroyed” or “The houses of ivory will collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
175 AMO 4 2 xgg4 figs-parallelism 0 they will take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will capture the people like people catch fish. Alternate translation: “they will capture you as people capture animals, and they take you away” or “they will defeat you and cruelly force you to go away with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176 AMO 4 3 knp3 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
177 AMO 4 3 yu6h 0 breaks in the city wall places where the enemy had broken down the city wall to enter
178 AMO 4 3 zrg7 figs-activepassive 0 you will be thrown out toward Harmon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will throw you out toward Harmon” or “your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will throw you out toward Harmon” or “your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
179 AMO 4 3 zu7p translate-names 0 Harmon This is either the name of a place that we do not know, or it refers to Mount Hermon. Some modern versions interpret it in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
180 AMO 4 3 th6y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
181 AMO 4 4 l9eu 0 General Information: God gives several commands in verse 4, but he does so to show that he is angry
194 AMO 4 6 vsj8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
195 AMO 4 7 emt8 0 I also withheld rain from you Alternate translation: “I prevented the rain from falling on your crops”
196 AMO 4 7 zv4m figs-explicit 0 when there were still three months to the harvest It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate translation: “when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
197 AMO 4 7 nmf3 figs-activepassive 0 One piece of land was rained on If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase “One piece of land” represents any piece of land.” Alternate translation: “It rained on one piece of land” or “It rained on some pieces of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase “One piece of land” represents any piece of land.” Alternate translation: “It rained on one piece of land” or “It rained on some pieces of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
198 AMO 4 7 uw18 figs-genericnoun 0 the piece of land where it did not rain This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. Alternate translation: “the pieces of land where it did not rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
199 AMO 4 8 sd8l figs-metonymy 0 Two or three cities staggered Here “cities” represents the people of those cities. Alternate translation: “The people of two or three cities staggered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200 AMO 4 8 ly7z figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “you have not submitted again to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219 AMO 5 intro w1eh 0 # Amos 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Place Names<br>This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### City gate<br>The “city gate” is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
220 AMO 5 1 u6w8 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. Alternate translation: “you people of Israel” or “you Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
221 AMO 5 2 cqa2 figs-metaphor 0 The virgin Israel has fallen … no one to raise her up The phrase “The virgin Israel” represents the nation of Israel. The nation of Israel being destroyed and having no other nation to help them become strong again is spoken of as if it were a young woman who has fallen and has no one to raise her up. Alternate translation: “The nation of Israel is like a woman who has fallen … no one to help her get up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222 AMO 5 2 lta8 figs-activepassive 0 she is forsaken on her land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People have forsaken her” or “they have abandoned her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People have forsaken her” or “they have abandoned her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
223 AMO 5 3 ecu7 figs-genericnoun 0 The city that went out with a thousand … the one that went out with a hundred These phrases refer to any cities that sent out large numbers of soldiers. Alternate translation: “Cities that went out with a thousand … cities that went out with a hundred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
224 AMO 5 3 z3m4 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred left The phrases “a thousand” and “a hundred” refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225 AMO 5 3 m7h5 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand “The city that went out” represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. Alternate translation: “The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight” or “The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240 AMO 5 8 fkp9 0 he turns darkness into the morning … day dark with night “he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night.” This refers to causing the times of the day.
241 AMO 5 8 jzr4 figs-metaphor 0 calls for the waters … on the surface of the earth This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. Alternate translation: “he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
242 AMO 5 8 rb72 0 Yahweh is his name! By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
243 AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
244 AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
245 AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone”
246 AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
247 AMO 5 11 sm1t figs-explicit 0 you will not drink their wine The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
309 AMO 6 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.” The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
310 AMO 6 11 bc74 0 look Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention”
311 AMO 6 11 q1t3 figs-parallelism 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between “the big house” and “the little house” means that this refers to all houses. Alternate translation: “all the houses will be smashed into small pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
312 AMO 6 11 j5da figs-activepassive 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy will smash the big house to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy will smash the big house to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
313 AMO 6 11 dc2l 0 to pieces … to bits You can use the same word for both of these phrases.
314 AMO 6 11 q1uc figs-ellipsis 0 the little house to bits This can be stated with the understood information included. Alternate translation: “enemies will smash the little house to bits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
315 AMO 6 12 s3ja 0 General Information: Amos uses two rhetorical questions to draw attention to the rebuke that follows.
335 AMO 7 7 s6wg 0 plumb line thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down
336 AMO 7 8 tbb9 figs-rquestion 0 what do you see? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “tell me what you see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
337 AMO 7 8 t5nq figs-metaphor 0 I will put a plumb line among my people Israel Judging the people and determining they are wicked is spoken of as if the Israelites were a wall, and Yahweh determines the wall is not straight by using a plumb line. Alternate translation: “my people Israel are wicked. They are like a wall that is not straight up and down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
338 AMO 7 9 j2t3 figs-metonymy 0 The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword Here “sword” represents an army. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here “sword” represents an army. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
339 AMO 7 9 u5md figs-metonymy 0 Isaac … Israel Both of these represent the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Isaac … the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
340 AMO 7 9 g5em figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jeroboam Here “house” represents “family.” Translate “Jeroboam” as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341 AMO 7 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel This could mean: (1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or (2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel.
350 AMO 7 16 k6j9 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
351 AMO 7 16 dz72 figs-metonymy 0 do not speak against the house of Isaac Here “house” represents the family or descendants of Isaac. Alternate translation: “do not speak against the descendants of Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
352 AMO 7 17 c3rd figs-metonymy 0 your sons and your daughters will fall by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill your sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
353 AMO 7 17 sqs6 figs-activepassive 0 your land will be measured and divided up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
354 AMO 7 17 mr3m figs-metaphor 0 an unclean land A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. Alternate translation: “a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
355 AMO 8 intro h32s 0 # Amos 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh’s people are sinning and<br>how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “This is the declaration of Yahweh”<br><br>This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
356 AMO 8 1 m4g1 0 Look, a basket of summer fruit! The word “look” here shows that Amos saw something interesting. Alternate translation: “I saw a basket of summer fruit!”
394 AMO 9 2 v2qa figs-metonymy 0 there my hand will take them Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “I will pull them up from there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
395 AMO 9 3 lgc3 figs-hyperbole 0 Though they hide on the top of Carmel … Though they are hidden from my sight in the bottom of the sea Yahweh gives an exaggerated image of the people fleeing to the top of mount Carmel or to the bottom of the sea to escape being killed. Here “top of Carmel” and “bottom of the sea” are a merism that represents all places. Alternate translation: “Even if they were to hide on the top of Carmel … Even if they tried to go the bottom sea, thinking that I could not see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
396 AMO 9 3 di6k 0 serpent an unknown fierce sea animal, not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake
397 AMO 9 4 z1fj figs-activepassive 0 Though they go into captivity, driven by their enemies before them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
398 AMO 9 4 rm94 figs-metonymy 0 there will I give orders to the sword, and it will kill them Here “sword” represents their enemies. Alternate translation: “there I will cause their enemies to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
399 AMO 9 4 p2p1 figs-metonymy 0 I will keep my eyes on them for harm and not for good Here “eyes” represents seeing. The phrase “keep my eyes on them” is an idiom that means to watch closely. Alternate translation: “I will watch closely and make sure only bad things happen to them and not good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
400 AMO 9 5 v6tg figs-simile 0 all of it will rise up like the River, and sink again like the river of Egypt Here “the River” and “river of Egypt” both refer to the Nile river. Yahweh causing the land to shake violently is compared to the waters of the Nile river rising and sinking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
426 AMO 9 13 s1fu figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
427 AMO 9 13 i41r figs-parallelism 0 The mountains will drip sweet wine, and all the hills will flow with it These two lines mean basically the same thing. The huge amount of grapes and wine in Israel is spoken of as if wine flows down the hills and mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
428 AMO 9 15 cl8k figs-metaphor 0 I will plant them upon their land, and they will never again be uprooted from the land Bringing the people back to their land and keeping them safe from enemies is spoken of as if Israel were a plant that Yahweh would put in the ground and not let anyone pull the plant up from the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to live in the land forever like a plant that is never uprooted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
429 AMO 9 15 xry4 figs-activepassive 0 they will never again be uprooted from the land If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever again uproot them from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever again uproot them from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
430 AMO 9 15 cqf7 0 uprooted for a plant and its roots to be pulled out of the ground

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@ -13,27 +13,27 @@ OBA 1 1 jdr9 figs-quotations ק֛וּמוּ וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי
OBA 1 1 pez6 figs-idiom ק֛וּמוּ 1 Get up This phrase is used to tell people to get ready, in this case to attack Edom. Alternate translation: “Get ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 1 iaok figs-idiom וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 This is an idiom that means to violently oppose another person or nation. Alternate translation: “Let us gather our armies against Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 1 c9e2 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 and let us rise up against her Here, **her** refers to the land of Edom, which, again, stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Let us rise up against the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle If your readers would misunderstand this, If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **battle**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle If your readers would misunderstand this, If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **battle**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 2 cc3h writing-quotations הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Behold, I am making you small The addressee changes here. This is no longer Yahweh speaking to Judah or the messenger speaking to the other nations. Now Yahweh is speaking directly to the people of Edom. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add a quote introduction here, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
OBA 1 2 npn6 הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This alerts the people of Edom to pay special attention to what follows. Use a natural way of getting someone’s attention in your language. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. If it would be more natural in your language, you could combine them as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
OBA 1 2 ec8m figs-metaphor קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם 1 small among the nations Something insignificant is spoken of figuratively as if it were small in size and could easily be overlooked. Alternate translation: “insignificant among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 2 ch1u figs-activepassive בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 you are extremely despised You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 3 kjbt figs-personification זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **pride** is spoken of figuratively as though it were a person who could deceive someone. If this is not clear, you could say this with plain language. Alternate translation: “Because you are so proud, you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 3 hzdk figs-youcrowd זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **you** is singular, since it refers to the people of Edom as a single nation, but if this is confusing in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” here and throughout this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
OBA 1 3 kcc3 figs-abstractnouns זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 3 hzdk figs-youcrowd זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **you** is singular, since it refers to the people of Edom as a single nation, but if this is confusing in your language, you can use a plural form of “you” here and throughout this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
OBA 1 3 kcc3 figs-abstractnouns זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 3 qpw7 figs-metaphor זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here, **heart** is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 lofty in his dwelling Here, the pronoun switches from **you** to **he** even though Yahweh is still talking to the people of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you could continue to use **you**, since this is part of Yahweh’s continuing message to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 lofty in his dwelling Here, the pronoun switches from **you** to **he** even though Yahweh is still talking to the people of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you can continue to use **you**, since this is part of Yahweh’s continuing message to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
OBA 1 3 q6sz בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 in the clefts of the rock This means a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks.
OBA 1 3 r5zj figs-123person אֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 he who says in his heart This says **he** and **his,** as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with **you** as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who say in your heart” or “you who say to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
OBA 1 3 jd3r figs-metaphor אֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 in his heart Here, the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “he who says to himself” or “you who think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 3 i2hx figs-rquestion מִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖⁠נִי אָֽרֶץ 1 Who will bring me down to the ground? This rhetorical question expresses how proud the Edomites were and how safe they felt. Alternate translation: “no one can bring me down to the ground” or “I am safe from all attackers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
OBA 1 4 xn9f figs-parallelism אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 If you make yourself high like the eagle, even if your nest is set between the stars These two expressions have similar meanings. This is a way of showing that something is important by saying it more than once but in slightly different ways. If this is not clear in your language, use another way of showing that this is important. Alternate translation: “Even if you had wings and could live high up among the eagles, or even up among the stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
OBA 1 4 jd5r figs-hyperbole אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 If you make yourself high like the eagle, even if your nest is set between the stars The people of Edom think that they are safe because they live up high in the mountains. Yahweh is saying that even if they lived much higher than it is actually possible for humans to live, they would still not be safe. Alternate translation: “and I tell you that even if you had wings and could fly higher than eagles fly, and if you could make your homes among the stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
OBA 1 4 jd7r figs-activepassive שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 if your nest is set If your language does not use passive verb forms, you could use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “if you could make your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 4 jd7r figs-activepassive שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 if your nest is set If your language does not use passive verb forms, you can use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “if you can make your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 4 bbu3 figs-metaphor מִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְ⁠ךָ֖ 1 from there I will bring you down Here, **bring you down** means “humble you” or “defeat you.” This is a spatial metaphor. Yahweh’s response to the Edomites is that there is nowhere they would be safe from his judgment and punishment. Alternate translation: “you would still not be safe there from the attackers that I am sending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 4 ce6e writing-quotations נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 This phrase reminds the reader that this message, including the entire book, came directly from Yahweh. Use a form of quotation that would make this clear in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
OBA 1 4 fyco figs-abstractnouns נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 4 fyco figs-abstractnouns נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 5 w86v figs-doublet אִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְ⁠ךָ֙ אִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה 1 If thieves came to you, and plunderers by night These two phrases mean the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize the one idea that they are expressing. If this is not clear in your language, use another way of showing that this is important or you could combine them, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
OBA 1 5 b93f figs-activepassive אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! You could use the active form of the verb, and you could specify who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “how the attackers will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 5 jd9r figs-exclamations אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. Unlike thieves and grape-harvesters, those who attack Edom will leave nothing behind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could move the phrase to the end of the verse and make it its own sentence. Alternate translation: “But attackers will destroy you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ OBA 1 5 q1pg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא יִגְנְב֖וּ דַּיָּ
OBA 1 5 k12c figs-rquestion אִם־בֹּֽצְרִים֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָ֔⁠ךְ הֲ⁠ל֖וֹא יַשְׁאִ֥ירוּ עֹלֵלֽוֹת 1 If grape-cutters came to you, would not they leave behind gleanings? This is a rhetorical question. The question form is used to make a point strongly. If you do not use rhetorical questions in this way in your language, you could use a statement here. Alternate translation: “they would certainly leave some grapes behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
OBA 1 6 gpm5 figs-exclamations אֵ֚יךְ 1 Here, **How** introduces an exclamation to express amazement that the pillaging of Edom is so extreme. Use a natural way in your language to express this. Alternate translation: “In an extreme way” or “Completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
OBA 1 6 zsf7 figs-activepassive אֵ֚יךְ נֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ עֵשָׂ֔ו 1 How Esau is being ransacked, his hidden treasures being searched out If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the active form of this verb, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “How the attackers will ransack the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 6 m9p3 figs-personification עֵשָׂ֔ו 1 Esau Here, the name **Esau** refers to the people of Edom. They were the descendants of Esau, who was also known as Edom. All the people of Edom are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. If this is confusing in your language, you could refer to the people instead, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 6 m9p3 figs-personification עֵשָׂ֔ו 1 Esau Here, the name **Esau** refers to the people of Edom. They were the descendants of Esau, who was also known as Edom. All the people of Edom are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. If this is confusing in your language, you can refer to the people instead, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 6 lf9t נֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ 1 has been ransacked Here, **ransacked** means that the enemies have searched through the people’s things, taken everything valuable, and left everything else in a mess or damaged.
OBA 1 6 w96y figs-activepassive נִבְע֖וּ מַצְפֻּנָֽי⁠ו 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the active form of this verb, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “They will search out all of his hidden treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 7 yobe figs-explicit עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 If it does not make sense in your language to say that someone would be attacked by someone with whom they have a **covenant**, that is, an ally, then you could add in the missing step of their betrayal, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ OBA 1 7 cr88 עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ 1 ar
OBA 1 7 a612 figs-parallelism כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 All the men of your covenant … The men of your peace … They of your bread All three phrases refer to Edom’s allies. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in similar ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
OBA 1 7 jd15 figs-ellipsis לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזוֹר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔י⁠ךָ 1 They of your bread will set a trap under you Hebrew says simply **your bread**. In this poetic style, hearers and readers are expected to understand the meaning and supply the missing words **The men of** from the previous two lines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
OBA 1 7 rc1i figs-aside אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. This phrase could mean: (1) Yahweh could be saying this as an aside in order to express his evaluation of the people of Edom. If this would be confusing in your language, you could continue the address to Edom in the second person, as in the UST. (2) the former allies could be saying this about Edom. Alternate translation: “Then they will say to you, ‘you are not as clever as you thought you were’” (3) It could be referring to the trap just mentioned. Alternate translation: “and there is no perception of it” (4) It could be referring to the shocking situation of Edom being betrayed by its allies. Alternate translation: “There is no understanding of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 7 jd19 figs-personification בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 in him Here, **him** probably refers to Edom, which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא…וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 Will I not on that day (a declaration of Yahweh) destroy wise men from Edom, and understanding from the mountain of Esau? This is a rhetorical question. Yahweh uses the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “On that day … I will certainly destroy the wise men from Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
OBA 1 8 jd21 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 wise men The original audience would have known that Edom was famous for its wisdom. So this means that even their famous wisdom cannot save them from Yahweh’s destruction. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could indicate this information as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
OBA 1 8 i6ry figs-rquestion וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the second part of the rhetorical question. You could also start a new sentence here. Yahweh continues the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “and I will certainly destroy their understanding” or “On that day I will certainly remove understanding from the mountain of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
OBA 1 8 mupa figs-explicit וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the reader is expected to use the words **will I not on that day destroy** from the first rhetorical question in order to understand this second one. If that is not clear in your language, you could repeat those words here. Alternate translation: “and will I not on that day destroy understanding from the mountain of Esau?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
OBA 1 8 g6se figs-parallelism חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the same meaning is expressed twice but in different words in order to emphasize what is being said. Here, **wise men** and **understanding** both refer to people who are wise, and **Edom** and **the mountain of Esau** are both ways of referring to the country of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you could say this only once, or emphasize the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “all people who are wise from the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 8 g6se figs-parallelism חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the same meaning is expressed twice but in different words in order to emphasize what is being said. Here, **wise men** and **understanding** both refer to people who are wise, and **Edom** and **the mountain of Esau** are both ways of referring to the country of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you can say this only once, or emphasize the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “all people who are wise from the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 8 z8tf figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 from the mountain of Esau Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by using the name of one prominent part of it. The **mountain of Esau** may be the one now called Mount Bozrah. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
OBA 1 8 gn3t translate-names עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the name of the man who was the ancestor of the people of Edom. See how you translated this in [verse 6](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
OBA 1 9 jd25 figs-synecdoche וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ תֵּימָ֑ן 1 And your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom, but now he addresses them as **Teman**, which was the name of the region around their capital city. This part of Edom is now being used to represent the whole people. Alternate translation: “People of Edom, your strong soldiers will become terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ OBA 1 9 jd27 figs-metaphor יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man will be cut
OBA 1 9 q6s7 figs-activepassive יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 will be cut off You could use an active verb form, and you could specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 9 jd31 figs-idiom אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Here, **a man** is an idiom that means “each person.” Alternate translation: “all you people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 9 jd35 figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 from the mountain of Esau As in v. 8, Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of this one part of it. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 9 hsy2 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 Some Bible translations put this phrase with verse 10, rather than with verse 9. If you choose to do that, verse 9 would end, “…from the mountain of Esau.” Verse 10 would begin, “Because of slaughter, because of violence …” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 10 jd39 figs-metonymy אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ 1 your brother The term **brother** is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Use the term that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
OBA 1 10 ui6g figs-personification יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 Jacob Here the name **Jacob** refers to the people of Judah, who were his descendants. All the people are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 10 f8g6 figs-idiom תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you To be **covered** with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 10 a113 figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off to eternity If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 10 jd43 figs-explicit וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off You can specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -110,11 +110,11 @@ OBA 1 16 cr9s writing-pronouns כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1
OBA 1 16 cr7s figs-metaphor שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk The image of drinking something is often used in the Bible as a metaphor for suffering or for being punished by God. Alternate translation: “you suffered” or “I punished you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 16 ujj9 figs-metonymy עַל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 the mountain of my holiness The **mountain of my holiness** refers to Mount Zion and therefore to the city of Jerusalem. So here Jerusalem is being referred to by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. Alternate translation: “in my holy city, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
OBA 1 16 qz7p figs-metaphor יִשְׁתּ֥וּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם תָּמִ֑יד 1 all the nations shall drink continually Here the metaphor continues, using **drink** to mean “suffer” or “be punished.” Alternate translation: “I will punish all of the nations continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 16 a8v3 figs-doublet וְ⁠שָׁת֣וּ וְ⁠לָע֔וּ 1 And they will drink, and they will swallow, and they will become like they never existed The words translated **drink** and **swallow** mean very similar things and are used together to intensify the one meaning. If your language does not have two such similar words, you could use one of the words and intensify the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “They will drink all of it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
OBA 1 16 a8v3 figs-doublet וְ⁠שָׁת֣וּ וְ⁠לָע֔וּ 1 And they will drink, and they will swallow, and they will become like they never existed The words translated **drink** and **swallow** mean very similar things and are used together to intensify the one meaning. If your language does not have two such similar words, you can use one of the words and intensify the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “They will drink all of it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
OBA 1 16 vcve figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁת֣וּ וְ⁠לָע֔וּ 1 Here the metaphor continues, using **drink** and **swallow** as images for suffering or being punished. Alternate translation: “I will make them suffer a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 17 cc36 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְ⁠הַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן תִּהְיֶ֥ה פְלֵיטָ֖ה 1 But in the mountain of Zion there will be a remnant The abstract noun **escape** refers to the people of Israel who will still be alive in Jerusalem after Yahweh has finished punishing the other nations. As [1:16](../01/16.md) says, those other nations will disappear completely, but the descendants of Jacob will continue as a people. Alternate translation: “But in Jerusalem some people will remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 17 y9pz figs-metonymy וּ⁠בְ⁠הַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן 1 But in the mountain of Zion This is a figure of speech that refers to Jerusalem by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. Alternate translation: “But in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
OBA 1 17 b4sh figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 and there will be holiness If your language does not use abstract nouns, you could translate the word **holiness** by using an adjective. Alternate translation: “and it will be a holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 17 b4sh figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 and there will be holiness If your language does not use abstract nouns, you can translate the word **holiness** by using an adjective. Alternate translation: “and it will be a holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 17 cr13 figs-idiom בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב 1 and the house of Jacob will possess their own possessions Here, **the house of Jacob** is an idiom that means “the descendants of Jacob” and by extension, all of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 17 f4ur אֵ֖ת מוֹרָֽשֵׁי⁠הֶם 1 Here, **possessions** refers to the land that was supposed to be passed down from generation to generation to each of the Israelite families and clans. If using a plural term is confusing, you could translate it with a singular word. Alternate translation: “the land that belongs to each of them”
OBA 1 18 rm2e figs-parallelism וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב אֵ֜שׁ וּ⁠בֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף לֶהָבָ֗ה 1 And the house of Jacob will be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame These two expressions have similar meanings. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once. Both **house of Jacob** and **house of Joseph** stand for all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The Israelites will be like a fire. Yes, they will be like a flame” If saying this twice is confusing, you could combine them into one expression, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
13 OBA 1 1 pez6 figs-idiom ק֛וּמוּ 1 Get up This phrase is used to tell people to get ready, in this case to attack Edom. Alternate translation: “Get ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14 OBA 1 1 iaok figs-idiom וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 This is an idiom that means to violently oppose another person or nation. Alternate translation: “Let us gather our armies against Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15 OBA 1 1 c9e2 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 and let us rise up against her Here, **her** refers to the land of Edom, which, again, stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Let us rise up against the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16 OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle If your readers would misunderstand this, If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **battle**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **battle**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17 OBA 1 2 cc3h writing-quotations הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Behold, I am making you small The addressee changes here. This is no longer Yahweh speaking to Judah or the messenger speaking to the other nations. Now Yahweh is speaking directly to the people of Edom. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add a quote introduction here, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
18 OBA 1 2 npn6 הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This alerts the people of Edom to pay special attention to what follows. Use a natural way of getting someone’s attention in your language. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
19 OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. If it would be more natural in your language, you could combine them as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
20 OBA 1 2 ec8m figs-metaphor קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם 1 small among the nations Something insignificant is spoken of figuratively as if it were small in size and could easily be overlooked. Alternate translation: “insignificant among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21 OBA 1 2 ch1u figs-activepassive בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 you are extremely despised You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22 OBA 1 3 kjbt figs-personification זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **pride** is spoken of figuratively as though it were a person who could deceive someone. If this is not clear, you could say this with plain language. Alternate translation: “Because you are so proud, you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23 OBA 1 3 hzdk figs-youcrowd זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **you** is singular, since it refers to the people of Edom as a single nation, but if this is confusing in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” here and throughout this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]]) Here, **you** is singular, since it refers to the people of Edom as a single nation, but if this is confusing in your language, you can use a plural form of “you” here and throughout this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
24 OBA 1 3 kcc3 figs-abstractnouns זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
25 OBA 1 3 qpw7 figs-metaphor זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here, **heart** is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26 OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 lofty in his dwelling Here, the pronoun switches from **you** to **he** even though Yahweh is still talking to the people of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you could continue to use **you**, since this is part of Yahweh’s continuing message to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) Here, the pronoun switches from **you** to **he** even though Yahweh is still talking to the people of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you can continue to use **you**, since this is part of Yahweh’s continuing message to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
27 OBA 1 3 q6sz בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 in the clefts of the rock This means a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks.
28 OBA 1 3 r5zj figs-123person אֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 he who says in his heart This says **he** and **his,** as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with **you** as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who say in your heart” or “you who say to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
29 OBA 1 3 jd3r figs-metaphor אֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 in his heart Here, the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “he who says to himself” or “you who think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30 OBA 1 3 i2hx figs-rquestion מִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖⁠נִי אָֽרֶץ 1 Who will bring me down to the ground? This rhetorical question expresses how proud the Edomites were and how safe they felt. Alternate translation: “no one can bring me down to the ground” or “I am safe from all attackers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
31 OBA 1 4 xn9f figs-parallelism אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 If you make yourself high like the eagle, even if your nest is set between the stars These two expressions have similar meanings. This is a way of showing that something is important by saying it more than once but in slightly different ways. If this is not clear in your language, use another way of showing that this is important. Alternate translation: “Even if you had wings and could live high up among the eagles, or even up among the stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
32 OBA 1 4 jd5r figs-hyperbole אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 If you make yourself high like the eagle, even if your nest is set between the stars The people of Edom think that they are safe because they live up high in the mountains. Yahweh is saying that even if they lived much higher than it is actually possible for humans to live, they would still not be safe. Alternate translation: “and I tell you that even if you had wings and could fly higher than eagles fly, and if you could make your homes among the stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
33 OBA 1 4 jd7r figs-activepassive שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 if your nest is set If your language does not use passive verb forms, you could use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “if you could make your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use passive verb forms, you can use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “if you can make your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
34 OBA 1 4 bbu3 figs-metaphor מִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְ⁠ךָ֖ 1 from there I will bring you down Here, **bring you down** means “humble you” or “defeat you.” This is a spatial metaphor. Yahweh’s response to the Edomites is that there is nowhere they would be safe from his judgment and punishment. Alternate translation: “you would still not be safe there from the attackers that I am sending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35 OBA 1 4 ce6e writing-quotations נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 This phrase reminds the reader that this message, including the entire book, came directly from Yahweh. Use a form of quotation that would make this clear in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
36 OBA 1 4 fyco figs-abstractnouns נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
37 OBA 1 5 w86v figs-doublet אִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְ⁠ךָ֙ אִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה 1 If thieves came to you, and plunderers by night These two phrases mean the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize the one idea that they are expressing. If this is not clear in your language, use another way of showing that this is important or you could combine them, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
38 OBA 1 5 b93f figs-activepassive אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! You could use the active form of the verb, and you could specify who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “how the attackers will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
39 OBA 1 5 jd9r figs-exclamations אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. Unlike thieves and grape-harvesters, those who attack Edom will leave nothing behind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could move the phrase to the end of the verse and make it its own sentence. Alternate translation: “But attackers will destroy you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
41 OBA 1 5 k12c figs-rquestion אִם־בֹּֽצְרִים֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָ֔⁠ךְ הֲ⁠ל֖וֹא יַשְׁאִ֥ירוּ עֹלֵלֽוֹת 1 If grape-cutters came to you, would not they leave behind gleanings? This is a rhetorical question. The question form is used to make a point strongly. If you do not use rhetorical questions in this way in your language, you could use a statement here. Alternate translation: “they would certainly leave some grapes behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
42 OBA 1 6 gpm5 figs-exclamations אֵ֚יךְ 1 Here, **How** introduces an exclamation to express amazement that the pillaging of Edom is so extreme. Use a natural way in your language to express this. Alternate translation: “In an extreme way” or “Completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
43 OBA 1 6 zsf7 figs-activepassive אֵ֚יךְ נֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ עֵשָׂ֔ו 1 How Esau is being ransacked, his hidden treasures being searched out If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the active form of this verb, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “How the attackers will ransack the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
44 OBA 1 6 m9p3 figs-personification עֵשָׂ֔ו 1 Esau Here, the name **Esau** refers to the people of Edom. They were the descendants of Esau, who was also known as Edom. All the people of Edom are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. If this is confusing in your language, you could refer to the people instead, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) Here, the name **Esau** refers to the people of Edom. They were the descendants of Esau, who was also known as Edom. All the people of Edom are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. If this is confusing in your language, you can refer to the people instead, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
45 OBA 1 6 lf9t נֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ 1 has been ransacked Here, **ransacked** means that the enemies have searched through the people’s things, taken everything valuable, and left everything else in a mess or damaged.
46 OBA 1 6 w96y figs-activepassive נִבְע֖וּ מַצְפֻּנָֽי⁠ו 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the active form of this verb, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “They will search out all of his hidden treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
47 OBA 1 7 yobe figs-explicit עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 If it does not make sense in your language to say that someone would be attacked by someone with whom they have a **covenant**, that is, an ally, then you could add in the missing step of their betrayal, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
50 OBA 1 7 a612 figs-parallelism כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 All the men of your covenant … The men of your peace … They of your bread All three phrases refer to Edom’s allies. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in similar ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
51 OBA 1 7 jd15 figs-ellipsis לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזוֹר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔י⁠ךָ 1 They of your bread will set a trap under you Hebrew says simply **your bread**. In this poetic style, hearers and readers are expected to understand the meaning and supply the missing words **The men of** from the previous two lines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
52 OBA 1 7 rc1i figs-aside אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. This phrase could mean: (1) Yahweh could be saying this as an aside in order to express his evaluation of the people of Edom. If this would be confusing in your language, you could continue the address to Edom in the second person, as in the UST. (2) the former allies could be saying this about Edom. Alternate translation: “Then they will say to you, ‘you are not as clever as you thought you were’” (3) It could be referring to the trap just mentioned. Alternate translation: “and there is no perception of it” (4) It could be referring to the shocking situation of Edom being betrayed by its allies. Alternate translation: “There is no understanding of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
53 OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
54 OBA 1 7 jd19 figs-personification בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 in him Here, **him** probably refers to Edom, which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
55 OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא…וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 Will I not on that day (a declaration of Yahweh) destroy wise men from Edom, and understanding from the mountain of Esau? This is a rhetorical question. Yahweh uses the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “On that day … I will certainly destroy the wise men from Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
56 OBA 1 8 jd21 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 wise men The original audience would have known that Edom was famous for its wisdom. So this means that even their famous wisdom cannot save them from Yahweh’s destruction. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could indicate this information as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
57 OBA 1 8 i6ry figs-rquestion וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the second part of the rhetorical question. You could also start a new sentence here. Yahweh continues the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “and I will certainly destroy their understanding” or “On that day I will certainly remove understanding from the mountain of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
58 OBA 1 8 mupa figs-explicit וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the reader is expected to use the words **will I not on that day destroy** from the first rhetorical question in order to understand this second one. If that is not clear in your language, you could repeat those words here. Alternate translation: “and will I not on that day destroy understanding from the mountain of Esau?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59 OBA 1 8 g6se figs-parallelism חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the same meaning is expressed twice but in different words in order to emphasize what is being said. Here, **wise men** and **understanding** both refer to people who are wise, and **Edom** and **the mountain of Esau** are both ways of referring to the country of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you could say this only once, or emphasize the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “all people who are wise from the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) In this poetic style, the same meaning is expressed twice but in different words in order to emphasize what is being said. Here, **wise men** and **understanding** both refer to people who are wise, and **Edom** and **the mountain of Esau** are both ways of referring to the country of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you can say this only once, or emphasize the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “all people who are wise from the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
60 OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61 OBA 1 8 z8tf figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 from the mountain of Esau Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by using the name of one prominent part of it. The **mountain of Esau** may be the one now called Mount Bozrah. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
62 OBA 1 8 gn3t translate-names עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the name of the man who was the ancestor of the people of Edom. See how you translated this in [verse 6](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63 OBA 1 9 jd25 figs-synecdoche וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ תֵּימָ֑ן 1 And your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom, but now he addresses them as **Teman**, which was the name of the region around their capital city. This part of Edom is now being used to represent the whole people. Alternate translation: “People of Edom, your strong soldiers will become terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
67 OBA 1 9 q6s7 figs-activepassive יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 will be cut off You could use an active verb form, and you could specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68 OBA 1 9 jd31 figs-idiom אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Here, **a man** is an idiom that means “each person.” Alternate translation: “all you people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69 OBA 1 9 jd35 figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 from the mountain of Esau As in v. 8, Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of this one part of it. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
70 OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
71 OBA 1 9 hsy2 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 Some Bible translations put this phrase with verse 10, rather than with verse 9. If you choose to do that, verse 9 would end, “…from the mountain of Esau.” Verse 10 would begin, “Because of slaughter, because of violence …” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
72 OBA 1 10 jd39 figs-metonymy אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ 1 your brother The term **brother** is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Use the term that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73 OBA 1 10 ui6g figs-personification יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 Jacob Here the name **Jacob** refers to the people of Judah, who were his descendants. All the people are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
74 OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75 OBA 1 10 f8g6 figs-idiom תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you To be **covered** with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
76 OBA 1 10 a113 figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off to eternity If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
77 OBA 1 10 jd43 figs-explicit וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off You can specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
110 OBA 1 16 cr7s figs-metaphor שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk The image of drinking something is often used in the Bible as a metaphor for suffering or for being punished by God. Alternate translation: “you suffered” or “I punished you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111 OBA 1 16 ujj9 figs-metonymy עַל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 the mountain of my holiness The **mountain of my holiness** refers to Mount Zion and therefore to the city of Jerusalem. So here Jerusalem is being referred to by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. Alternate translation: “in my holy city, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112 OBA 1 16 qz7p figs-metaphor יִשְׁתּ֥וּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם תָּמִ֑יד 1 all the nations shall drink continually Here the metaphor continues, using **drink** to mean “suffer” or “be punished.” Alternate translation: “I will punish all of the nations continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113 OBA 1 16 a8v3 figs-doublet וְ⁠שָׁת֣וּ וְ⁠לָע֔וּ 1 And they will drink, and they will swallow, and they will become like they never existed The words translated **drink** and **swallow** mean very similar things and are used together to intensify the one meaning. If your language does not have two such similar words, you could use one of the words and intensify the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “They will drink all of it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) The words translated **drink** and **swallow** mean very similar things and are used together to intensify the one meaning. If your language does not have two such similar words, you can use one of the words and intensify the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “They will drink all of it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
114 OBA 1 16 vcve figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁת֣וּ וְ⁠לָע֔וּ 1 Here the metaphor continues, using **drink** and **swallow** as images for suffering or being punished. Alternate translation: “I will make them suffer a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
115 OBA 1 17 cc36 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְ⁠הַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן תִּהְיֶ֥ה פְלֵיטָ֖ה 1 But in the mountain of Zion there will be a remnant The abstract noun **escape** refers to the people of Israel who will still be alive in Jerusalem after Yahweh has finished punishing the other nations. As [1:16](../01/16.md) says, those other nations will disappear completely, but the descendants of Jacob will continue as a people. Alternate translation: “But in Jerusalem some people will remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
116 OBA 1 17 y9pz figs-metonymy וּ⁠בְ⁠הַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן 1 But in the mountain of Zion This is a figure of speech that refers to Jerusalem by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. Alternate translation: “But in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
117 OBA 1 17 b4sh figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 and there will be holiness If your language does not use abstract nouns, you could translate the word **holiness** by using an adjective. Alternate translation: “and it will be a holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use abstract nouns, you can translate the word **holiness** by using an adjective. Alternate translation: “and it will be a holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
118 OBA 1 17 cr13 figs-idiom בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב 1 and the house of Jacob will possess their own possessions Here, **the house of Jacob** is an idiom that means “the descendants of Jacob” and by extension, all of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
119 OBA 1 17 f4ur אֵ֖ת מוֹרָֽשֵׁי⁠הֶם 1 Here, **possessions** refers to the land that was supposed to be passed down from generation to generation to each of the Israelite families and clans. If using a plural term is confusing, you could translate it with a singular word. Alternate translation: “the land that belongs to each of them”
120 OBA 1 18 rm2e figs-parallelism וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב אֵ֜שׁ וּ⁠בֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף לֶהָבָ֗ה 1 And the house of Jacob will be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame These two expressions have similar meanings. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once. Both **house of Jacob** and **house of Joseph** stand for all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The Israelites will be like a fire. Yes, they will be like a flame” If saying this twice is confusing, you could combine them into one expression, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

6
en_tn_32-JON.tsv
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ JON 1 3 i6bi עִמָּ⁠הֶם֙ 1 with them The word **them** refers to the
JON 1 3 sw66 figs-metaphor מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה 1 from before the face of Yahweh This is an expression that refers to the face of Yahweh to represent his presence. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: “from the presence of Yahweh” or “from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 1 4 jdr2 writing-newevent וַֽ⁠יהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַ⁠יָּ֔ם 1 But Yahweh sent out a great wind on the sea This clause introduces the new event of Yahweh’s response to Jonah running away. Translate this so that your readers know that this event brings a change in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JON 1 4 jdra figs-personification וְ⁠הָ֣⁠אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְ⁠הִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 so that the ship was thinking to be broken apart Here the term **thinking** describes the ship as if it were a person. This means that the storm was so severe that the ship was close to breaking apart. Alternate translation: “so that the ship was almost breaking apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JON 1 4 jl77 figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 to be broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JON 1 4 jl77 figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 to be broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JON 1 5 d13r הַ⁠מַּלָּחִ֗ים 1 the sailors Alternate translation: “the men who worked on the ship”
JON 1 5 u2bj אֱלֹהָי⁠ו֒ 1 his own god Here, **god** refers to false gods and idols that people worship.
JON 1 5 sh1b וַ⁠יָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַ⁠כֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽ⁠אֳנִיָּה֙ 1 And they threw the things that were in the ship “the men threw the heavy things off the ship” By doing this, they hoped to keep the ship from sinking.
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ JON 2 3 glp2 בִּ⁠לְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים 1 into the heart of the sea
JON 2 3 p8fd וְ⁠נָהָ֖ר יְסֹבְבֵ֑⁠נִי 1 a current surrounded me Alternate translation: “the sea water closed in around me”
JON 2 3 c6jx figs-doublet מִשְׁבָּרֶ֥י⁠ךָ וְ⁠גַלֶּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 your billows and your waves Both of these are disturbances on the surface of the ocean. They could be combined into one term, such as “waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JON 2 4 jdr5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֣י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the actions of Yahweh, which Jonah had just talked about, and his own response. Alternate translation: “then I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
JON 2 4 x1w9 figs-activepassive נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי 1 I have been driven out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you drove me out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JON 2 4 x1w9 figs-activepassive נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי 1 I have been driven out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you drove me out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JON 2 4 z1yx figs-metonymy מִ⁠נֶּ֣גֶד עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 from before your eyes Here, **eyes** is a metonym meaning seeing, and seeing is a metonym for the knowledge, notice, and attention of God. Alternate translation: “from before you” or “from your presence” or “where you do not notice me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JON 2 4 b8vk אַ֚ךְ אוֹסִ֣יף לְ⁠הַבִּ֔יט אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 yet I might again look toward your holy temple Jonah still has hope that, in spite of all that he is going through, God will allow him to see the temple in Jerusalem again.
JON 2 5 abc2 figs-parallelism אֲפָפ֤וּ⁠נִי מַ֨יִם֙ עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑⁠נִי 1 Water had closed around me even as far as life; the deep was surrounding me; Jonah uses two similar phrases to express the severity and hopelessness of his situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ JON 2 8 fac9 חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 forsake their covenan
JON 2 9 q3yb grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “but I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
JON 2 9 nfd2 בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.
JON 2 9 jdrh יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrc).
JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JON 2 10 dz3j אֶל־הַ⁠יַּבָּשָֽׁה 1 onto the dry land Alternate translation: “upon the ground” or “onto the shore”
JON 3 intro z3ut 0 # Jonah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah’s life.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>According to the king’s proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Size of Nineveh<br><br>When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase “three days’ journey” is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah’s day, cities were not as big as they are today. So, although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.<br><br>### God repenting or relenting<br><br>The last verse of this chapter says, “So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it.” This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that God’s character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint, and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin.<br><br>Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was God’s plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JON 3 1 jdr7 writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה 1 The word of Yahweh came This phrase introduces the second half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the first half of the story [1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
22 JON 1 3 sw66 figs-metaphor מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה 1 from before the face of Yahweh This is an expression that refers to the face of Yahweh to represent his presence. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: “from the presence of Yahweh” or “from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23 JON 1 4 jdr2 writing-newevent וַֽ⁠יהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַ⁠יָּ֔ם 1 But Yahweh sent out a great wind on the sea This clause introduces the new event of Yahweh’s response to Jonah running away. Translate this so that your readers know that this event brings a change in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
24 JON 1 4 jdra figs-personification וְ⁠הָ֣⁠אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְ⁠הִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 so that the ship was thinking to be broken apart Here the term **thinking** describes the ship as if it were a person. This means that the storm was so severe that the ship was close to breaking apart. Alternate translation: “so that the ship was almost breaking apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
25 JON 1 4 jl77 figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 to be broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
26 JON 1 5 d13r הַ⁠מַּלָּחִ֗ים 1 the sailors Alternate translation: “the men who worked on the ship”
27 JON 1 5 u2bj אֱלֹהָי⁠ו֒ 1 his own god Here, **god** refers to false gods and idols that people worship.
28 JON 1 5 sh1b וַ⁠יָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַ⁠כֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽ⁠אֳנִיָּה֙ 1 And they threw the things that were in the ship “the men threw the heavy things off the ship” By doing this, they hoped to keep the ship from sinking.
80 JON 2 3 p8fd וְ⁠נָהָ֖ר יְסֹבְבֵ֑⁠נִי 1 a current surrounded me Alternate translation: “the sea water closed in around me”
81 JON 2 3 c6jx figs-doublet מִשְׁבָּרֶ֥י⁠ךָ וְ⁠גַלֶּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 your billows and your waves Both of these are disturbances on the surface of the ocean. They could be combined into one term, such as “waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
82 JON 2 4 jdr5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֣י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the actions of Yahweh, which Jonah had just talked about, and his own response. Alternate translation: “then I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
83 JON 2 4 x1w9 figs-activepassive נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי 1 I have been driven out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you drove me out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you drove me out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
84 JON 2 4 z1yx figs-metonymy מִ⁠נֶּ֣גֶד עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 from before your eyes Here, **eyes** is a metonym meaning seeing, and seeing is a metonym for the knowledge, notice, and attention of God. Alternate translation: “from before you” or “from your presence” or “where you do not notice me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85 JON 2 4 b8vk אַ֚ךְ אוֹסִ֣יף לְ⁠הַבִּ֔יט אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 yet I might again look toward your holy temple Jonah still has hope that, in spite of all that he is going through, God will allow him to see the temple in Jerusalem again.
86 JON 2 5 abc2 figs-parallelism אֲפָפ֤וּ⁠נִי מַ֨יִם֙ עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑⁠נִי 1 Water had closed around me even as far as life; the deep was surrounding me; Jonah uses two similar phrases to express the severity and hopelessness of his situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
101 JON 2 9 q3yb grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “but I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
102 JON 2 9 nfd2 בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.
103 JON 2 9 jdrh יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrc).
104 JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
105 JON 2 10 dz3j אֶל־הַ⁠יַּבָּשָֽׁה 1 onto the dry land Alternate translation: “upon the ground” or “onto the shore”
106 JON 3 intro z3ut 0 # Jonah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah’s life.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>According to the king’s proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Size of Nineveh<br><br>When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase “three days’ journey” is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah’s day, cities were not as big as they are today. So, although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.<br><br>### God repenting or relenting<br><br>The last verse of this chapter says, “So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it.” This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that God’s character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint, and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin.<br><br>Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was God’s plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
107 JON 3 1 jdr7 writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה 1 The word of Yahweh came This phrase introduces the second half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the first half of the story [1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

20
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ MIC 1 11 r6st 0 Zaanan The name of this city means “go out.” They are too
MIC 1 11 m77i 0 Beth Ezel The name of this city means “house of taking away.”
MIC 1 11 ad97 figs-activepassive 0 for their protection is taken away This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for I have taken away everything that might protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 1 12 c45f 0 Maroth The name of this city means “bitterness.”
MIC 1 12 wuv4 figs-abstractnouns 0 disaster has come down from Yahweh The abstract noun **disaster** is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 1 12 wuv4 figs-abstractnouns 0 disaster has come down from Yahweh The abstract noun **disaster** is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 1 13 qn9h translate-names 0 Lachish The name “Lachish” sounds like “to the chariots” in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC 1 13 t76u figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of Zion The word “daughter” is a metonym for the people of the city. Alternate translation: “the people of Zion” or “the people who live in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 1 13 b2dc figs-activepassive 0 for the transgressions of Israel were found in you This idiom can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ MIC 4 8 c64g figs-apostrophe 0 As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of th
MIC 4 8 y9gn figs-metaphor 0 watchtower for the flock The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 4 8 p2dj figs-metaphor 0 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. Alternate translation: “people who live in Zion … people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 4 8 tc2d 0 hill Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean “fortress” or “stronghold” here.
MIC 4 8 ccs1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to you it will come, your former dominion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dominion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 4 8 ccs1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to you it will come, your former dominion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dominion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 4 9 g6px figs-rquestion 0 Now, why do you shout so loudly? Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at how you are shouting loudly.” or “Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 4 9 b1zk figs-rquestion 0 Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? Micah continues to mock the people. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you could express them as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 4 10 qn9l figs-simile 0 Be in pain … like a woman in labor Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ MIC 4 13 mm6h figs-you 0 Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion … your horn … y
MIC 4 13 m3uk figs-metaphor 0 Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
MIC 4 13 tq8x figs-metaphor 0 I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you could remove the metaphor. Alternate translation: “for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
MIC 4 13 igd2 0 their unjust wealth Alternate translation: “the wealth they got by acting unjustly” or “the things they stole from other people”
MIC 4 13 c3rt figs-abstractnouns 0 their wealth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wealth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 4 13 c3rt figs-abstractnouns 0 their wealth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wealth**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 5 intro y1t7 0 # Micah 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](../../mic/05/02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Change in Personal Pronouns<br>Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes “I” is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as “you” and begins speaking about them as “we” or “us.”
MIC 5 1 f536 figs-metaphor 0 daughter of soldiers The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. Alternate translation: “people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 5 1 yp7t figs-metonymy 0 With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ MIC 5 11 p7xv figs-you 0 your land … your strongholds Yahweh is speaking to t
MIC 5 12 w5rn figs-metonymy 0 the witchcraft in your hand Being in the “hand” represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: “the witchcraft that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 5 12 b4vf figs-you 0 your hand … you will Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 13 udr6 figs-you 0 your carved … your stone … among you. You will … your hands Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 13 s47c figs-abstractnouns 0 the workmanship of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **workmanship**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 5 13 s47c figs-abstractnouns 0 the workmanship of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **workmanship**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 5 14 dd8m figs-you 0 your Asherah … among you … your cities Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 14 p6df figs-metaphor 0 will uproot your Asherah poles Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. Alternate translation: “will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 intro k235 0 # Micah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Names in Lawsuit<br>Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel.<br>Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ MIC 6 2 pbw6 figs-personification 0 you mountains … you enduring foundations
MIC 6 3 smg8 figs-rquestion 0 My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 6 3 h6ec figs-you 0 to you … wearied you? Testify Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you … rescued you … Miriam to you Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bondage**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bondage**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 5 q1ew figs-you 0 remember … you went … you may know Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 5 ddx5 0 what Balak … devised “the plans Balak … made to harm you
MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam … answered him This could mean: (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam … did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ MIC 6 7 yc7f figs-rquestion 0 Will Yahweh be pleased … oil? Should I give …
MIC 6 7 mxx1 figs-rquestion 0 thousands of rams … ten thousand rivers of oil “rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MIC 6 8 y8pq 0 He has told you Alternate translation: “Yahweh has told you”
MIC 6 8 xd8t 0 good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act … God Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act … God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act … God?”
MIC 6 8 qii1 figs-abstractnouns 0 love kindness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 6 8 qii1 figs-abstractnouns 0 love kindness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 6 9 jf56 figs-metonymy 0 even now wisdom acknowledges your name Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word “name” here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: “and the wise person will fear you” or “and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC 6 9 mll1 figs-metaphor 0 Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place Here “rod” refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who “has put it in place,” will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 10 va73 figs-metonymy 0 There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words “the wicked” refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. Alternate translation: “Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -249,14 +249,14 @@ MIC 7 3 m27f figs-synecdoche 0 Their hands are very good The hand is a synecdoc
MIC 7 4 nz3f figs-simile 0 The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 7 4 kin3 0 the most upright Alternate translation: “those of them who try hardest to do what is good”
MIC 7 4 qfc3 figs-activepassive 0 It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of “your” are plural. The word “watchmen” is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: “Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confusion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confusion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 5 cvb4 0 Do not trust any neighbor Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC 7 6 y6bb 0 people of his own house Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC 7 6 by7f figs-ellipsis 0 a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law The words “rises up” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MIC 7 6 z99g figs-metonymy 0 his own house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “his own family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 7 7 pvd9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of “you” are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 7 7 z1eq 0 But as for me Here “me” refers to Micah.
MIC 7 7 p8kj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will wait for the God of my salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 7 p8kj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will wait for the God of my salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 7 wd6x figs-metonymy 0 will hear me The word “hear” represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: “will act to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 7 8 yb44 figs-metaphor 0 fall … rise These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 8 ln69 figs-metaphor 0 sit in darkness These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ MIC 7 9 t4wh 0 rescue me in his justice Alternate translation: “bring justic
MIC 7 10 wv5q 0 my enemy … the one who said … your God … My eyes The words “enemy,” “one,” “your,” and “my” here refer to the women in the poem and so are feminine singular.
MIC 7 10 ize3 figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh your God? The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 7 10 fx2c figs-synecdoche 0 My eyes This phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I” or “We” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC 7 10 d12h figs-activepassive 0 she will be trampled down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “her enemies will trample her down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 7 10 d12h figs-activepassive 0 she will be trampled down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “her enemies will trample her down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 7 10 j5qh figs-simile 0 like the mud in the streets People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel’s enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 7 11 x4rg figs-you 0 General Information: Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 7 11 y6xz 0 A day to build your walls will come Here “walls” refers to the walls around their cities, which provided safety and security from their enemies.
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ MIC 7 17 zg31 figs-metaphor 0 their dens The people are spoken of as if they we
MIC 7 18 g3i6 figs-rquestion 0 Who is a God like you—who takes … inheritance? Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that there is no God like you, who takes … inheritance.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 7 18 kr7v 0 the remnant of his inheritance Alternate translation: “those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment”
MIC 7 18 a8d2 figs-123person 0 you … of the remnant of his inheritance? He does not keep his anger forever, because he delights in his covenant faithfulness. Here the words “his” and “he” can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you … of the remnant of your inheritance, who do not keep your anger forever, because you delight in your covenant faithfulness?” or “you … of the remnant of your inheritance? You do not keep your anger forever, because you delights in your covenant faithfulness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MIC 7 18 f1lp figs-abstractnouns 0 he delights in his covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “he delights in being faithful to his covenant” or “he delights in being faithful to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 18 f1lp figs-abstractnouns 0 he delights in his covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “he delights in being faithful to his covenant” or “he delights in being faithful to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 18 ups5 0 passes over ignores
MIC 7 18 mcd3 0 does not keep his anger Alternate translation: “does not stay angry”
MIC 7 19 i7z3 figs-you 0 You will Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
44 MIC 1 11 m77i 0 Beth Ezel The name of this city means “house of taking away.”
45 MIC 1 11 ad97 figs-activepassive 0 for their protection is taken away This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for I have taken away everything that might protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46 MIC 1 12 c45f 0 Maroth The name of this city means “bitterness.”
47 MIC 1 12 wuv4 figs-abstractnouns 0 disaster has come down from Yahweh The abstract noun **disaster** is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The abstract noun **disaster** is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48 MIC 1 13 qn9h translate-names 0 Lachish The name “Lachish” sounds like “to the chariots” in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
49 MIC 1 13 t76u figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of Zion The word “daughter” is a metonym for the people of the city. Alternate translation: “the people of Zion” or “the people who live in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
50 MIC 1 13 b2dc figs-activepassive 0 for the transgressions of Israel were found in you This idiom can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
142 MIC 4 8 y9gn figs-metaphor 0 watchtower for the flock The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143 MIC 4 8 p2dj figs-metaphor 0 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. Alternate translation: “people who live in Zion … people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
144 MIC 4 8 tc2d 0 hill Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean “fortress” or “stronghold” here.
145 MIC 4 8 ccs1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to you it will come, your former dominion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dominion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dominion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
146 MIC 4 9 g6px figs-rquestion 0 Now, why do you shout so loudly? Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at how you are shouting loudly.” or “Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
147 MIC 4 9 b1zk figs-rquestion 0 Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? Micah continues to mock the people. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you could express them as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
148 MIC 4 10 qn9l figs-simile 0 Be in pain … like a woman in labor Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157 MIC 4 13 m3uk figs-metaphor 0 Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
158 MIC 4 13 tq8x figs-metaphor 0 I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you could remove the metaphor. Alternate translation: “for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
159 MIC 4 13 igd2 0 their unjust wealth Alternate translation: “the wealth they got by acting unjustly” or “the things they stole from other people”
160 MIC 4 13 c3rt figs-abstractnouns 0 their wealth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wealth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wealth**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
161 MIC 5 intro y1t7 0 # Micah 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](../../mic/05/02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Change in Personal Pronouns<br>Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes “I” is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as “you” and begins speaking about them as “we” or “us.”
162 MIC 5 1 f536 figs-metaphor 0 daughter of soldiers The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. Alternate translation: “people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163 MIC 5 1 yp7t figs-metonymy 0 With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
199 MIC 5 12 w5rn figs-metonymy 0 the witchcraft in your hand Being in the “hand” represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: “the witchcraft that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200 MIC 5 12 b4vf figs-you 0 your hand … you will Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
201 MIC 5 13 udr6 figs-you 0 your carved … your stone … among you. You will … your hands Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
202 MIC 5 13 s47c figs-abstractnouns 0 the workmanship of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **workmanship**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **workmanship**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
203 MIC 5 14 dd8m figs-you 0 your Asherah … among you … your cities Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
204 MIC 5 14 p6df figs-metaphor 0 will uproot your Asherah poles Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. Alternate translation: “will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205 MIC 6 intro k235 0 # Micah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Names in Lawsuit<br>Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel.<br>Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
211 MIC 6 3 smg8 figs-rquestion 0 My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
212 MIC 6 3 h6ec figs-you 0 to you … wearied you? Testify Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
213 MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you … rescued you … Miriam to you Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
214 MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bondage**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bondage**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215 MIC 6 5 q1ew figs-you 0 remember … you went … you may know Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
216 MIC 6 5 ddx5 0 what Balak … devised “the plans Balak … made to harm you
217 MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam … answered him This could mean: (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam … did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
223 MIC 6 7 mxx1 figs-rquestion 0 thousands of rams … ten thousand rivers of oil “rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
224 MIC 6 8 y8pq 0 He has told you Alternate translation: “Yahweh has told you”
225 MIC 6 8 xd8t 0 good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act … God Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act … God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act … God?”
226 MIC 6 8 qii1 figs-abstractnouns 0 love kindness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
227 MIC 6 9 jf56 figs-metonymy 0 even now wisdom acknowledges your name Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word “name” here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: “and the wise person will fear you” or “and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
228 MIC 6 9 mll1 figs-metaphor 0 Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place Here “rod” refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who “has put it in place,” will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229 MIC 6 10 va73 figs-metonymy 0 There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words “the wicked” refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. Alternate translation: “Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
249 MIC 7 4 nz3f figs-simile 0 The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
250 MIC 7 4 kin3 0 the most upright Alternate translation: “those of them who try hardest to do what is good”
251 MIC 7 4 qfc3 figs-activepassive 0 It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of “your” are plural. The word “watchmen” is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: “Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confusion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confusion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
253 MIC 7 5 cvb4 0 Do not trust any neighbor Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
254 MIC 7 6 y6bb 0 people of his own house Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
255 MIC 7 6 by7f figs-ellipsis 0 a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law The words “rises up” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
256 MIC 7 6 z99g figs-metonymy 0 his own house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “his own family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
257 MIC 7 7 pvd9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of “you” are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
258 MIC 7 7 z1eq 0 But as for me Here “me” refers to Micah.
259 MIC 7 7 p8kj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will wait for the God of my salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
260 MIC 7 7 wd6x figs-metonymy 0 will hear me The word “hear” represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: “will act to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
261 MIC 7 8 yb44 figs-metaphor 0 fall … rise These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
262 MIC 7 8 ln69 figs-metaphor 0 sit in darkness These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
269 MIC 7 10 wv5q 0 my enemy … the one who said … your God … My eyes The words “enemy,” “one,” “your,” and “my” here refer to the women in the poem and so are feminine singular.
270 MIC 7 10 ize3 figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh your God? The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
271 MIC 7 10 fx2c figs-synecdoche 0 My eyes This phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I” or “We” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
272 MIC 7 10 d12h figs-activepassive 0 she will be trampled down If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “her enemies will trample her down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “her enemies will trample her down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
273 MIC 7 10 j5qh figs-simile 0 like the mud in the streets People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel’s enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
274 MIC 7 11 x4rg figs-you 0 General Information: Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
275 MIC 7 11 y6xz 0 A day to build your walls will come Here “walls” refers to the walls around their cities, which provided safety and security from their enemies.
293 MIC 7 18 g3i6 figs-rquestion 0 Who is a God like you—who takes … inheritance? Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that there is no God like you, who takes … inheritance.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
294 MIC 7 18 kr7v 0 the remnant of his inheritance Alternate translation: “those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment”
295 MIC 7 18 a8d2 figs-123person 0 you … of the remnant of his inheritance? He does not keep his anger forever, because he delights in his covenant faithfulness. Here the words “his” and “he” can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you … of the remnant of your inheritance, who do not keep your anger forever, because you delight in your covenant faithfulness?” or “you … of the remnant of your inheritance? You do not keep your anger forever, because you delights in your covenant faithfulness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
296 MIC 7 18 f1lp figs-abstractnouns 0 he delights in his covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “he delights in being faithful to his covenant” or “he delights in being faithful to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “he delights in being faithful to his covenant” or “he delights in being faithful to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
297 MIC 7 18 ups5 0 passes over ignores
298 MIC 7 18 mcd3 0 does not keep his anger Alternate translation: “does not stay angry”
299 MIC 7 19 i7z3 figs-you 0 You will Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

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@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses This could mean: (1) the mountains and hill
NAM 1 5 w6mf figs-ellipsis 0 the world and all people who live in it Here the word “world” refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NAM 1 6 pb6q figs-parallelism 0 Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: “No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NAM 1 6 s5dd 0 fierceness of his anger Alternate translation: “intensity of his anger” or “amount of his anger”
NAM 1 6 b6tk figs-metaphor 0 His wrath is poured out like fire Nahum speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He pours out his wrath like fire” or “He expresses his fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 6 s5l3 figs-activepassive 0 the rocks are broken apart by him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he breaks apart the rocks” or “he causes the rocks to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 6 b6tk figs-metaphor 0 His wrath is poured out like fire Nahum speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He pours out his wrath like fire” or “He expresses his fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 6 s5l3 figs-activepassive 0 the rocks are broken apart by him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he breaks apart the rocks” or “he causes the rocks to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 7 vrf3 figs-metaphor 0 a stronghold … those who take refuge in him Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 7 z4wh 0 in the day of trouble “in times of trouble” or “when troubles happen.” The word “day” here refers to a general period of time.
NAM 1 8 uz38 figs-idiom 0 he will make a full end to his enemies The idiom “make a full end” refers to causing his enemies to die. Alternate translation: “he will completely destroy his enemies” or “he will kill all his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ NAM 1 9 v6h3 figs-idiom 0 He will make a full end to it The idiom “make a ful
NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time This could mean: (1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or (2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes This metaphor could mean: (1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or (2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 10 ip7l figs-metaphor 0 they will be saturated in their own drink Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 10 x8il figs-metaphor 0 they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 10 x8il figs-metaphor 0 they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 10 tg7c figs-metaphor 0 devoured by fire Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. Alternate translation: “burned up by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 11 ee38 0 promoted wickedness encouraged people to do wicked things
NAM 1 12 p1bp 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh.
NAM 1 12 uyz9 0 Even if they are at their full strength and full numbers This refers to the Assyrians or to the people of Nineveh.
NAM 1 12 p6cc figs-metaphor 0 they will nevertheless be sheared Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if the were sheep that he will shear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will nevertheless shear them” or “I will nevertheless destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 12 p6cc figs-metaphor 0 they will nevertheless be sheared Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if the were sheep that he will shear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will nevertheless shear them” or “I will nevertheless destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 13 qfl7 figs-metaphor 0 Now will I break that people’s yoke from off you; I will break your chains Yahweh speaks of freeing Judah from Assyrian oppression as if he were breaking the yoke and chains that the Assyrians had placed on them. Alternate translation: “Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 14 en7t figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off the carved figures and the cast metal figures from the houses of your gods Yahweh speaks of destroying the Assyrian idols as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word “house” is a metonym for the temples in which the people worshiped these idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy the carved figures and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 1 14 s2bh figs-explicit 0 I will dig your graves It is implied that Yahweh will also bury them in the graves that he digs for them. Alternate translation: “I will dig your graves and bury you in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 1 15 n617 figs-synecdoche 0 on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good news Here the word “feet” represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. Alternate translation: “on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NAM 1 15 l31d 0 wicked one … he Nahum refers to the people of Nineveh as though they were one person.
NAM 1 15 ink2 figs-metaphor 0 he is completely cut off Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he is completely destroyed” or “Yahweh has completely destroyed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 15 ink2 figs-metaphor 0 he is completely cut off Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he is completely destroyed” or “Yahweh has completely destroyed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 intro m3yl 0 # Nahum 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, this book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Complete destruction<br>At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true and did so very suddenly. At times, this chapter is very violent in describing the destruction of Assyria, and this violence should not be toned down through the use of euphemism.
NAM 2 1 c5dg writing-poetry 0 General Information: Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he begins to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NAM 2 1 xj69 figs-metaphor 0 The one who will dash you to pieces The word “you” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. Alternate translation: “The one who will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ NAM 2 2 i6w3 figs-metaphor 0 destroyed their vine branches This could mean: (1)
NAM 2 3 sal2 0 The shields of his mighty men are red This could mean: (1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or (2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red.
NAM 2 3 tt35 0 his mighty men the soldiers of the one “who will dash” Nineveh “to pieces” ([Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md)).
NAM 2 3 shs8 0 the chariots flash with their metal This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots.
NAM 2 3 i6a3 figs-activepassive 0 on the day that they are made ready If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the soldiers have made them ready” or “when the soldiers have prepared them to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 3 jtg2 figs-activepassive 0 the cypress spears are waved in the air If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 3 i6a3 figs-activepassive 0 on the day that they are made ready If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the soldiers have made them ready” or “when the soldiers have prepared them to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 3 jtg2 figs-activepassive 0 the cypress spears are waved in the air If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 3 b24s translate-unknown 0 cypress a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NAM 2 4 l7yi 0 The chariots speed through the streets Alternate translation: “The soldiers drive the chariots wildly through the streets”
NAM 2 4 m4y1 figs-simile 0 They look like torches Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NAM 2 4 vee1 figs-simile 0 they run like lightning Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots, and the quickness with which the chariots move, with lightning that flashes quickly in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NAM 2 5 c6g1 figs-metaphor 0 The one who will dash you to pieces The word “you” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. See how you translated this in [Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “The one who will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 2 5 frd3 figs-abstractnouns 0 in their march The word “march” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as they march” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NAM 2 5 s3zw figs-activepassive 0 The large shield is made ready to protect these attackers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 5 s3zw figs-activepassive 0 The large shield is made ready to protect these attackers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 5 t834 0 The large shield This refers to a large cover that those who besieged a city would set up over themselves and their battering rams to protect themselves against the arrows and other projectiles with which the people in the city would attack them.
NAM 2 6 l4xl figs-activepassive 0 The gates at the rivers are forced open If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 6 l4xl figs-activepassive 0 The gates at the rivers are forced open If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 6 bi3c 0 The gates at the rivers This refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river.
NAM 2 7 v7es figs-activepassive 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 7 v7es figs-activepassive 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 7 x5zy translate-unknown 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two This could mean: (1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or (2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 2 7 wzf8 0 her female servants moan like doves The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make.
NAM 2 7 c3va 0 her female servants If the word “Huzzab” refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word “Huzzab” refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes.
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ NAM 2 12 f3cw figs-parallelism 0 filled his cave with victims, his dens with to
NAM 2 13 hg33 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
NAM 2 13 mzs1 figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour your young lions Here the word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “attackers will kill your people with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. This could mean: (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 intro k8ee 0 # Nahum 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
NAM 3 1 ki6n figs-metonymy 0 the city full of blood Here the word “blood” represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. Alternate translation: “the city full of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 1 b6sa figs-metonymy 0 It is all full of lies Here the word “lies” is a metonym for those who tell lies. Alternate translation: “It is full of liars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -114,19 +114,19 @@ NAM 3 8 a2y2 figs-metaphor 0 whose defense was the ocean, whose wall was the se
NAM 3 9 ega5 0 Cush and Egypt were her strength Alternate translation: “Ethiopia and Egypt strengthened her” or “Cush and Egypt were her allies”
NAM 3 9 knv4 figs-hyperbole 0 there was no end to it The word “it” refers to the “strength” that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. Alternate translation: “their strength was very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NAM 3 9 c9nd translate-names 0 Put and Libya These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NAM 3 10 jt2a figs-metonymy 0 Yet Thebes was carried away The word “Thebes” represents the people who lived in Thebes. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 10 jt2a figs-metonymy 0 Yet Thebes was carried away The word “Thebes” represents the people who lived in Thebes. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 10 h6s7 figs-metonymy 0 she went into captivity The word “she” refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “they went into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 10 jht3 figs-activepassive 0 her young children were dashed in pieces This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces” or “enemy soldiers beat her young children to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 10 jht3 figs-activepassive 0 her young children were dashed in pieces This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces” or “enemy soldiers beat her young children to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 10 h7t9 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, “every” is a generalization that means many places all over the city. Alternate translation: “on every street corner” or “in the streets all over the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 11 esd7 figs-metaphor 0 You also will become drunk Here the word “You” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Here, the word **fortresses** could mean: (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 3 12 uf4q figs-simile 0 All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NAM 3 12 c8tt figs-explicit 0 the earliest ripe figs This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 3 12 w2un figs-activepassive 0 if they are shaken “if the trees are shaken.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if a person shakes the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 12 w2un figs-activepassive 0 if they are shaken “if the trees are shaken.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if a person shakes the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 12 k7ym figs-hyperbole 0 they fall into the mouth of the eater “the figs fall into the mouth of the eater.” This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. Alternate translation: “a person can eat the fig immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NAM 3 13 le29 figs-metaphor 0 the people among you are women In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh’s warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. Alternate translation: “your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 cv1a figs-activepassive 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies” or “someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 13 cv1a figs-activepassive 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies” or “someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 i4p2 figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed” or “fire has burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
18 NAM 1 5 w6mf figs-ellipsis 0 the world and all people who live in it Here the word “world” refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19 NAM 1 6 pb6q figs-parallelism 0 Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: “No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20 NAM 1 6 s5dd 0 fierceness of his anger Alternate translation: “intensity of his anger” or “amount of his anger”
21 NAM 1 6 b6tk figs-metaphor 0 His wrath is poured out like fire Nahum speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He pours out his wrath like fire” or “He expresses his fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Nahum speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He pours out his wrath like fire” or “He expresses his fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22 NAM 1 6 s5l3 figs-activepassive 0 the rocks are broken apart by him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he breaks apart the rocks” or “he causes the rocks to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he breaks apart the rocks” or “he causes the rocks to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23 NAM 1 7 vrf3 figs-metaphor 0 a stronghold … those who take refuge in him Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24 NAM 1 7 z4wh 0 in the day of trouble “in times of trouble” or “when troubles happen.” The word “day” here refers to a general period of time.
25 NAM 1 8 uz38 figs-idiom 0 he will make a full end to his enemies The idiom “make a full end” refers to causing his enemies to die. Alternate translation: “he will completely destroy his enemies” or “he will kill all his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
31 NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time This could mean: (1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or (2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32 NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes This metaphor could mean: (1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or (2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33 NAM 1 10 ip7l figs-metaphor 0 they will be saturated in their own drink Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34 NAM 1 10 x8il figs-metaphor 0 they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
35 NAM 1 10 tg7c figs-metaphor 0 devoured by fire Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. Alternate translation: “burned up by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36 NAM 1 11 ee38 0 promoted wickedness encouraged people to do wicked things
37 NAM 1 12 p1bp 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh.
38 NAM 1 12 uyz9 0 Even if they are at their full strength and full numbers This refers to the Assyrians or to the people of Nineveh.
39 NAM 1 12 p6cc figs-metaphor 0 they will nevertheless be sheared Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if the were sheep that he will shear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will nevertheless shear them” or “I will nevertheless destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if the were sheep that he will shear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will nevertheless shear them” or “I will nevertheless destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40 NAM 1 13 qfl7 figs-metaphor 0 Now will I break that people’s yoke from off you; I will break your chains Yahweh speaks of freeing Judah from Assyrian oppression as if he were breaking the yoke and chains that the Assyrians had placed on them. Alternate translation: “Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41 NAM 1 14 en7t figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off the carved figures and the cast metal figures from the houses of your gods Yahweh speaks of destroying the Assyrian idols as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word “house” is a metonym for the temples in which the people worshiped these idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy the carved figures and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42 NAM 1 14 s2bh figs-explicit 0 I will dig your graves It is implied that Yahweh will also bury them in the graves that he digs for them. Alternate translation: “I will dig your graves and bury you in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
43 NAM 1 15 n617 figs-synecdoche 0 on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good news Here the word “feet” represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. Alternate translation: “on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
44 NAM 1 15 l31d 0 wicked one … he Nahum refers to the people of Nineveh as though they were one person.
45 NAM 1 15 ink2 figs-metaphor 0 he is completely cut off Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he is completely destroyed” or “Yahweh has completely destroyed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he is completely destroyed” or “Yahweh has completely destroyed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46 NAM 2 intro m3yl 0 # Nahum 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, this book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Complete destruction<br>At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true and did so very suddenly. At times, this chapter is very violent in describing the destruction of Assyria, and this violence should not be toned down through the use of euphemism.
47 NAM 2 1 c5dg writing-poetry 0 General Information: Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he begins to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
48 NAM 2 1 xj69 figs-metaphor 0 The one who will dash you to pieces The word “you” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. Alternate translation: “The one who will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58 NAM 2 3 sal2 0 The shields of his mighty men are red This could mean: (1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or (2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red.
59 NAM 2 3 tt35 0 his mighty men the soldiers of the one “who will dash” Nineveh “to pieces” ([Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md)).
60 NAM 2 3 shs8 0 the chariots flash with their metal This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots.
61 NAM 2 3 i6a3 figs-activepassive 0 on the day that they are made ready If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the soldiers have made them ready” or “when the soldiers have prepared them to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the soldiers have made them ready” or “when the soldiers have prepared them to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
62 NAM 2 3 jtg2 figs-activepassive 0 the cypress spears are waved in the air If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
63 NAM 2 3 b24s translate-unknown 0 cypress a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
64 NAM 2 4 l7yi 0 The chariots speed through the streets Alternate translation: “The soldiers drive the chariots wildly through the streets”
65 NAM 2 4 m4y1 figs-simile 0 They look like torches Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
66 NAM 2 4 vee1 figs-simile 0 they run like lightning Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots, and the quickness with which the chariots move, with lightning that flashes quickly in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
67 NAM 2 5 c6g1 figs-metaphor 0 The one who will dash you to pieces The word “you” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to shatter Nineveh like one would shatter a clay pot. See how you translated this in [Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “The one who will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68 NAM 2 5 frd3 figs-abstractnouns 0 in their march The word “march” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as they march” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
69 NAM 2 5 s3zw figs-activepassive 0 The large shield is made ready to protect these attackers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
70 NAM 2 5 t834 0 The large shield This refers to a large cover that those who besieged a city would set up over themselves and their battering rams to protect themselves against the arrows and other projectiles with which the people in the city would attack them.
71 NAM 2 6 l4xl figs-activepassive 0 The gates at the rivers are forced open If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
72 NAM 2 6 bi3c 0 The gates at the rivers This refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river.
73 NAM 2 7 v7es figs-activepassive 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74 NAM 2 7 x5zy translate-unknown 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two This could mean: (1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or (2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75 NAM 2 7 wzf8 0 her female servants moan like doves The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make.
76 NAM 2 7 c3va 0 her female servants If the word “Huzzab” refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word “Huzzab” refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes.
89 NAM 2 13 hg33 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
90 NAM 2 13 mzs1 figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour your young lions Here the word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “attackers will kill your people with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91 NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. This could mean: (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92 NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93 NAM 3 intro k8ee 0 # Nahum 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
94 NAM 3 1 ki6n figs-metonymy 0 the city full of blood Here the word “blood” represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. Alternate translation: “the city full of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
95 NAM 3 1 b6sa figs-metonymy 0 It is all full of lies Here the word “lies” is a metonym for those who tell lies. Alternate translation: “It is full of liars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
114 NAM 3 9 ega5 0 Cush and Egypt were her strength Alternate translation: “Ethiopia and Egypt strengthened her” or “Cush and Egypt were her allies”
115 NAM 3 9 knv4 figs-hyperbole 0 there was no end to it The word “it” refers to the “strength” that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. Alternate translation: “their strength was very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
116 NAM 3 9 c9nd translate-names 0 Put and Libya These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
117 NAM 3 10 jt2a figs-metonymy 0 Yet Thebes was carried away The word “Thebes” represents the people who lived in Thebes. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The word “Thebes” represents the people who lived in Thebes. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
118 NAM 3 10 h6s7 figs-metonymy 0 she went into captivity The word “she” refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “they went into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
119 NAM 3 10 jht3 figs-activepassive 0 her young children were dashed in pieces This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces” or “enemy soldiers beat her young children to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces” or “enemy soldiers beat her young children to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
120 NAM 3 10 h7t9 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, “every” is a generalization that means many places all over the city. Alternate translation: “on every street corner” or “in the streets all over the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
121 NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
122 NAM 3 11 esd7 figs-metaphor 0 You also will become drunk Here the word “You” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123 NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Here, the word **fortresses** could mean: (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
124 NAM 3 12 uf4q figs-simile 0 All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
125 NAM 3 12 c8tt figs-explicit 0 the earliest ripe figs This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
126 NAM 3 12 w2un figs-activepassive 0 if they are shaken “if the trees are shaken.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if a person shakes the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) “if the trees are shaken.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if a person shakes the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127 NAM 3 12 k7ym figs-hyperbole 0 they fall into the mouth of the eater “the figs fall into the mouth of the eater.” This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. Alternate translation: “a person can eat the fig immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
128 NAM 3 13 le29 figs-metaphor 0 the people among you are women In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh’s warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. Alternate translation: “your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
129 NAM 3 13 cv1a figs-activepassive 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies” or “someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies” or “someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
130 NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131 NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132 NAM 3 13 i4p2 figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed” or “fire has burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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en_tn_35-HAB.tsv
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ HAB 1 4 sqe3 figs-metaphor 0 false justice goes out Habakkuk speaks of judges g
HAB 1 5 b6nu 0 General Information: Yahweh responds to Habakkuk.
HAB 1 5 xx8m figs-doublet 0 be amazed and astonished The words “amazed” and “astonished” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the strength of the emotion. Alternate translation: “be very amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HAB 1 5 j1ay figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to Habakkuk’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 1 5 ubc3 figs-activepassive 0 when it is reported to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 1 5 ubc3 figs-activepassive 0 when it is reported to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 1 6 hw6s 0 look! The word “look!” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous This could mean: (1) “violent” or (2) “hasty.”
HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This could mean: (1) everywhere in Judah or (2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ HAB 2 12 zan9 figs-explicit 0 who establishes a town in iniquity It is implicit
HAB 2 13 gru9 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not from Yahweh of hosts that peoples labor for fire and all the other nations weary themselves for nothing? This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. The two clauses share similar meanings that the work that people do will not last. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HAB 2 13 s42e figs-explicit 0 peoples labor for fire This means that the things that people labor to build are ultimately destined to be fuel for fire. Alternate translation: “peoples labor to build things that will be used as fuel for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 2 14 j8ng figs-simile 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh’s glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 2 14 y4eq figs-abstractnouns 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 2 14 y4eq figs-abstractnouns 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 2 15 xbs7 figs-metaphor 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink … you make them drunk The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 15 k19h figs-explicit 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. Alternate translation: “the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 2 15 tyu9 figs-explicit 0 in order to look at their nakedness “so you can look at them when they are naked.” This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. Alternate translation: “so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ HAB 2 18 hdm4 0 a teacher of lies This phrase refers to the one who carved or
HAB 2 19 nlw7 figs-ellipsis 0 Or to the silent stone The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Woe to the one saying to the silent stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
HAB 2 19 a365 figs-rquestion 0 Do these things teach? This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things cannot teach.” or “Wood and stone cannot teach.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HAB 2 19 u5fx 0 See, it is overlaid Alternate translation: “Look at it. You can see for yourself that it is overlaid”
HAB 2 19 xks1 figs-activepassive 0 it is overlaid with gold and silver If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 2 19 xks1 figs-activepassive 0 it is overlaid with gold and silver If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 2 19 uq17 figs-idiom 0 there is no breath at all within it The idiom “no breath … within it” means that it is not alive, but dead. Alternate translation: “it is not alive” or “it is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 2 20 qts3 figs-metonymy 0 all the land Here the word “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “everyone in the land” or “everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 3 intro i7n7 0 # Habakkuk 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-19.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poetry<br>Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’
HAB 3 6 gh3f 0 He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position.
HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth This could mean: (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors.
HAB 3 6 id6p 0 eternal mountains … everlasting hills “mountains that have existed since the beginning of time … hills that will exist until the end of time.” If your language has no different words for “hills” and “mountains” or for “eternal” and “everlasting,” you can combine them as the UST has done.
HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the everlasting hills collapsed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting This could mean: (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling This could mean: (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
12 HAB 1 5 b6nu 0 General Information: Yahweh responds to Habakkuk.
13 HAB 1 5 xx8m figs-doublet 0 be amazed and astonished The words “amazed” and “astonished” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the strength of the emotion. Alternate translation: “be very amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
14 HAB 1 5 j1ay figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to Habakkuk’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15 HAB 1 5 ubc3 figs-activepassive 0 when it is reported to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16 HAB 1 6 hw6s 0 look! The word “look!” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
17 HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous This could mean: (1) “violent” or (2) “hasty.”
18 HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This could mean: (1) everywhere in Judah or (2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
90 HAB 2 13 gru9 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not from Yahweh of hosts that peoples labor for fire and all the other nations weary themselves for nothing? This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. The two clauses share similar meanings that the work that people do will not last. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
91 HAB 2 13 s42e figs-explicit 0 peoples labor for fire This means that the things that people labor to build are ultimately destined to be fuel for fire. Alternate translation: “peoples labor to build things that will be used as fuel for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92 HAB 2 14 j8ng figs-simile 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh’s glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
93 HAB 2 14 y4eq figs-abstractnouns 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
94 HAB 2 15 xbs7 figs-metaphor 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink … you make them drunk The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95 HAB 2 15 k19h figs-explicit 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. Alternate translation: “the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
96 HAB 2 15 tyu9 figs-explicit 0 in order to look at their nakedness “so you can look at them when they are naked.” This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. Alternate translation: “so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113 HAB 2 19 nlw7 figs-ellipsis 0 Or to the silent stone The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Woe to the one saying to the silent stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
114 HAB 2 19 a365 figs-rquestion 0 Do these things teach? This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things cannot teach.” or “Wood and stone cannot teach.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
115 HAB 2 19 u5fx 0 See, it is overlaid Alternate translation: “Look at it. You can see for yourself that it is overlaid”
116 HAB 2 19 xks1 figs-activepassive 0 it is overlaid with gold and silver If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
117 HAB 2 19 uq17 figs-idiom 0 there is no breath at all within it The idiom “no breath … within it” means that it is not alive, but dead. Alternate translation: “it is not alive” or “it is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
118 HAB 2 20 qts3 figs-metonymy 0 all the land Here the word “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “everyone in the land” or “everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
119 HAB 3 intro i7n7 0 # Habakkuk 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-19.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poetry<br>Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
131 HAB 3 6 gh3f 0 He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position.
132 HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth This could mean: (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors.
133 HAB 3 6 id6p 0 eternal mountains … everlasting hills “mountains that have existed since the beginning of time … hills that will exist until the end of time.” If your language has no different words for “hills” and “mountains” or for “eternal” and “everlasting,” you can combine them as the UST has done.
134 HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
135 HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the everlasting hills collapsed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
136 HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting This could mean: (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137 HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling This could mean: (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ ZEP 1 16 deb6 figs-doublet 0 a day of trumpets and alarms The words “trumpets
ZEP 1 16 da9h figs-doublet 0 fortified cities and the high battlements These two phrases both refer to military strongholds. Alternate translation: “well fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEP 1 17 w66r 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:17-18 describe Yahweh’s final judgment of every sinner in the future.
ZEP 1 17 krq4 figs-simile 0 they will walk about like blind men The result of Yahweh’s judgment is that people will be so confused and dazed when they walk about that people will think they are blind. Alternate translation: “they will walk around as confused and dazed as blind men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 1 17 cq1r figs-simile 0 Their blood will be poured out like dust Their blood that is shed will be as worthless as dust. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 1 17 jrq1 figs-simile 0 their inner parts like dung The verb “poured out” is understood here. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 1 17 cq1r figs-simile 0 Their blood will be poured out like dust Their blood that is shed will be as worthless as dust. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 1 17 jrq1 figs-simile 0 their inner parts like dung The verb “poured out” is understood here. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 1 18 ai7h figs-metaphor 0 the fire of his jealousy Here “fire” refers to the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “his jealousy is as intense as a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 1 18 ij81 figs-explicit 0 all the inhabitants of the earth It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the wicked people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEP 2 intro t1it 0 # Zephaniah 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 2:1-9, 12-15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br>In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ ZEP 2 2 xg13 figs-parallelism 0 before the fierce anger of Yahweh’s wrath com
ZEP 2 2 c8mp figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s wrath This stands for God’s intent to punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 2 3 rm7u figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Seeking **Yahweh** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 2 3 rg17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Seek righteousness. Seek humility The abstract nouns “righteousness” and “humility” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Try to do what is right and to be humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 2 3 s75g figs-activepassive 0 you will be protected in the day of Yahweh’s wrath If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 2 3 s75g figs-activepassive 0 you will be protected in the day of Yahweh’s wrath If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 2 4 r1bq 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
ZEP 2 4 dth6 0 Gaza … Ashkelon … Ashdod … Ekron These were the four major Philistine cities of that day.
ZEP 2 4 f893 figs-parallelism 0 will be abandoned … will turn into a devastation These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ ZEP 2 9 dr9e figs-parallelism 0 the remnant of my people … the remainder of m
ZEP 2 12 ai2t 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
ZEP 2 12 dr9y figs-metonymy 0 You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword Here “pieced by my sword” is a metonym for being killed in battle. Alternate translation: “I will kill you people of Cush in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 2 13 rqc2 figs-metonymy 0 God’s hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “God’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 2 13 vj6j figs-abstractnouns 0 an abandoned devastation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 2 13 vj6j figs-abstractnouns 0 an abandoned devastation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 2 13 ra14 figs-simile 0 as dry as the desert This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 2 14 fgc1 0 every animal of the nations Alternate translation: “every kind of animal”
ZEP 2 14 rq3s 0 the screech owl This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as “hedgehog.”
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ ZEP 3 6 ie5c figs-parallelism 0 I have made their streets ruins, so that no one
ZEP 3 6 y9qd 0 no one passes over them Alternate translation: “no one walks on them”
ZEP 3 6 asi4 0 there is no man inhabiting them This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “all the people are dead”
ZEP 3 7 mvv5 figs-quotations 0 I said, ‘Surely you will fear me … I have planned to do to you.’ This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I thought they would surely fear me and accept correction so that they would not be cut off from their homes by all that I have planned to do to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ZEP 3 7 g15j figs-idiom 0 and do not be cut off from your homes Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to be removed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that I will not remove you from your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 3 7 g15j figs-idiom 0 and do not be cut off from your homes Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to be removed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that I will not remove you from your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 3 7 u1c9 0 by corrupting all their deeds Alternate translation: “by doing deeds that were corrupt”
ZEP 3 8 lfl4 0 General Information: In verse 3:8, Yahweh warns that he will judge all nations.
ZEP 3 8 my26 0 wait for me … until the day This phrase implies that they are waiting for judgment.
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ ZEP 3 9 f339 figs-idiom 0 serve him shoulder to shoulder Here “shoulder to sh
ZEP 3 10 zs4q 0 beyond the river of Cush This may refer to the area where Sudan is located today.
ZEP 3 11 hvk2 0 General Information: In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment.
ZEP 3 11 ryq3 0 In that day … at that time “When that happens … at that time.” These phrases here refer to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh.
ZEP 3 11 xcx2 figs-activepassive 0 will not be put to shame for all your deeds If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 3 11 xcx2 figs-activepassive 0 will not be put to shame for all your deeds If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 3 11 y6pj 0 those who celebrated your pride Alternate translation: “all the people who are very proud”
ZEP 3 12 q74i 0 General Information: In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment.
ZEP 3 12 c1gc figs-metaphor 0 they will find refuge in the name of Yahweh Yahweh’s protection of this remnant is spoke of as if he was a refuge or a fortress. Here “name of Yahweh” refers to his person. Alternate translation: “they will come to Yahweh and he will help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ ZEP 3 14 d6q3 figs-idiom 0 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem Here “d
ZEP 3 14 x7wg figs-doublet 0 Be glad and rejoice These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. Alternate translation: “Be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEP 3 14 qj83 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “with all your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 3 15 lb51 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh has taken away your punishment Here to “take away” punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has stopped punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEP 3 15 t4fy figs-abstractnouns 0 You will never again fear evil If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **evil**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 3 15 t4fy figs-abstractnouns 0 You will never again fear evil If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **evil**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 3 16 v9ia 0 In that day “At that time” or “When this happens.” This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh.
ZEP 3 16 eh5e figs-metonymy 0 say to Jerusalem … Zion The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Jerusalem … people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 3 16 pc5c figs-metaphor 0 Do not let your hands falter To feel weak or helpless is spoken of as if their hands became physically weak. Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
59 ZEP 1 16 da9h figs-doublet 0 fortified cities and the high battlements These two phrases both refer to military strongholds. Alternate translation: “well fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
60 ZEP 1 17 w66r 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:17-18 describe Yahweh’s final judgment of every sinner in the future.
61 ZEP 1 17 krq4 figs-simile 0 they will walk about like blind men The result of Yahweh’s judgment is that people will be so confused and dazed when they walk about that people will think they are blind. Alternate translation: “they will walk around as confused and dazed as blind men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
62 ZEP 1 17 cq1r figs-simile 0 Their blood will be poured out like dust Their blood that is shed will be as worthless as dust. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Their blood that is shed will be as worthless as dust. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
63 ZEP 1 17 jrq1 figs-simile 0 their inner parts like dung The verb “poured out” is understood here. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) The verb “poured out” is understood here. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
64 ZEP 1 18 ai7h figs-metaphor 0 the fire of his jealousy Here “fire” refers to the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “his jealousy is as intense as a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
65 ZEP 1 18 ij81 figs-explicit 0 all the inhabitants of the earth It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the wicked people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
66 ZEP 2 intro t1it 0 # Zephaniah 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 2:1-9, 12-15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br>In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
72 ZEP 2 2 c8mp figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s wrath This stands for God’s intent to punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73 ZEP 2 3 rm7u figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Seeking **Yahweh** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74 ZEP 2 3 rg17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Seek righteousness. Seek humility The abstract nouns “righteousness” and “humility” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Try to do what is right and to be humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75 ZEP 2 3 s75g figs-activepassive 0 you will be protected in the day of Yahweh’s wrath If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76 ZEP 2 4 r1bq 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
77 ZEP 2 4 dth6 0 Gaza … Ashkelon … Ashdod … Ekron These were the four major Philistine cities of that day.
78 ZEP 2 4 f893 figs-parallelism 0 will be abandoned … will turn into a devastation These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
97 ZEP 2 12 ai2t 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
98 ZEP 2 12 dr9y figs-metonymy 0 You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword Here “pieced by my sword” is a metonym for being killed in battle. Alternate translation: “I will kill you people of Cush in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99 ZEP 2 13 rqc2 figs-metonymy 0 God’s hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “God’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100 ZEP 2 13 vj6j figs-abstractnouns 0 an abandoned devastation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
101 ZEP 2 13 ra14 figs-simile 0 as dry as the desert This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
102 ZEP 2 14 fgc1 0 every animal of the nations Alternate translation: “every kind of animal”
103 ZEP 2 14 rq3s 0 the screech owl This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as “hedgehog.”
133 ZEP 3 6 y9qd 0 no one passes over them Alternate translation: “no one walks on them”
134 ZEP 3 6 asi4 0 there is no man inhabiting them This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “all the people are dead”
135 ZEP 3 7 mvv5 figs-quotations 0 I said, ‘Surely you will fear me … I have planned to do to you.’ This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I thought they would surely fear me and accept correction so that they would not be cut off from their homes by all that I have planned to do to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
136 ZEP 3 7 g15j figs-idiom 0 and do not be cut off from your homes Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to be removed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that I will not remove you from your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to be removed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that I will not remove you from your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
137 ZEP 3 7 u1c9 0 by corrupting all their deeds Alternate translation: “by doing deeds that were corrupt”
138 ZEP 3 8 lfl4 0 General Information: In verse 3:8, Yahweh warns that he will judge all nations.
139 ZEP 3 8 my26 0 wait for me … until the day This phrase implies that they are waiting for judgment.
150 ZEP 3 10 zs4q 0 beyond the river of Cush This may refer to the area where Sudan is located today.
151 ZEP 3 11 hvk2 0 General Information: In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment.
152 ZEP 3 11 ryq3 0 In that day … at that time “When that happens … at that time.” These phrases here refer to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh.
153 ZEP 3 11 xcx2 figs-activepassive 0 will not be put to shame for all your deeds If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
154 ZEP 3 11 y6pj 0 those who celebrated your pride Alternate translation: “all the people who are very proud”
155 ZEP 3 12 q74i 0 General Information: In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment.
156 ZEP 3 12 c1gc figs-metaphor 0 they will find refuge in the name of Yahweh Yahweh’s protection of this remnant is spoke of as if he was a refuge or a fortress. Here “name of Yahweh” refers to his person. Alternate translation: “they will come to Yahweh and he will help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
163 ZEP 3 14 x7wg figs-doublet 0 Be glad and rejoice These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. Alternate translation: “Be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
164 ZEP 3 14 qj83 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “with all your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165 ZEP 3 15 lb51 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh has taken away your punishment Here to “take away” punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has stopped punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
166 ZEP 3 15 t4fy figs-abstractnouns 0 You will never again fear evil If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **evil**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **evil**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
167 ZEP 3 16 v9ia 0 In that day “At that time” or “When this happens.” This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh.
168 ZEP 3 16 eh5e figs-metonymy 0 say to Jerusalem … Zion The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Jerusalem … people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169 ZEP 3 16 pc5c figs-metaphor 0 Do not let your hands falter To feel weak or helpless is spoken of as if their hands became physically weak. Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

2
en_tn_37-HAG.tsv
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ HAG 1 9 g652 figs-123person 0 declares Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself
HAG 1 10 suc8 figs-metaphor 0 the heavens withhold the dew from you The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: “the sky does not allow the dew to fall” or “no dew forms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAG 1 11 a7ds figs-personification 0 I have summoned a drought upon the land Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. Alternate translation: “I have kept the rain from falling on the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAG 1 11 v7pk figs-metonymy 0 upon the new wine, upon the oil “Wine” and “oil” are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 12 n5g8 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel … Shealtiel … Joshua … Jehozadak … Haggai See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
HAG 1 12 c4he figs-metonymy 0 obeyed the voice of Yahweh … the words of Haggai The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
21 HAG 1 10 suc8 figs-metaphor 0 the heavens withhold the dew from you The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: “the sky does not allow the dew to fall” or “no dew forms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22 HAG 1 11 a7ds figs-personification 0 I have summoned a drought upon the land Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. Alternate translation: “I have kept the rain from falling on the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23 HAG 1 11 v7pk figs-metonymy 0 upon the new wine, upon the oil “Wine” and “oil” are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24 HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25 HAG 1 12 n5g8 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel … Shealtiel … Joshua … Jehozadak … Haggai See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
26 HAG 1 12 c4he figs-metonymy 0 obeyed the voice of Yahweh … the words of Haggai The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27 HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

42
en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv
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@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ ZEC 1 15 z4b6 figs-idiom 0 I am very angry with the nations that are at ease Th
ZEC 1 15 vt8i 0 I was only a little angry with them Alternate translation: “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
ZEC 1 15 ml6d figs-explicit 0 they made the disaster worse “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 16 mlv6 figs-metonymy 0 My house will be built within her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 16 qz6g figs-explicit 0 the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 16 mlv6 figs-metonymy 0 My house will be built within her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 16 qz6g figs-explicit 0 the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 17 xwc5 0 Again call out, saying The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
ZEC 1 17 c5zg figs-metonymy 0 My cities will once again overflow with goodness The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 17 e1cn figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh will again comfort Zion Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ ZEC 5 1 ynu9 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surp
ZEC 5 2 gh1w translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
ZEC 5 3 lv5p figs-metonymy 0 This is the curse The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 5 3 mys3 figs-idiom 0 that goes out over the surface of the whole land The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 5 3 iha6 figs-metaphor 0 every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 3 iha6 figs-metaphor 0 every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 3 pu8h 0 what it says on the one side … what it says on the other side Alternate translation: “what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
ZEC 5 4 jt2j 0 I will send it out Alternate translation: “I will send out the curse”
ZEC 5 4 alf7 figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ ZEC 5 4 y2v5 figs-metaphor 0 consume its timber and stones The curse destroying
ZEC 5 5 j4s3 figs-synecdoche 0 Raise your eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 5 6 mb23 translate-bvolume 0 This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 5 6 bcy6 writing-symlanguage 0 This is their iniquity in the whole land The basket symbolizes the people’s iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 5 7 un6a figs-activepassive 0 a lead covering was lifted off the basket If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 7 un6a figs-activepassive 0 a lead covering was lifted off the basket If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 7 nn4h 0 there was a woman under it sitting in it Alternate translation: “there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
ZEC 5 8 xg5w writing-symlanguage 0 This is Wickedness The woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: “This woman represents wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 5 8 glc2 0 He threw her … he threw the lead cover “He thrust her … he forced the lead cover.” The word “threw” indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover.
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ ZEC 5 9 mt2r figs-idiom 0 wind was in their wings This idiom means that they we
ZEC 5 9 gde6 0 they had wings like a stork’s wings A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women’s wings with the size of the stork’s wings.
ZEC 5 9 xf59 figs-merism 0 They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 5 11 dyi3 figs-ellipsis 0 To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ZEC 5 11 un6q figs-activepassive 0 the basket will be set there If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 11 un6q figs-activepassive 0 the basket will be set there If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 11 gtm8 0 on its prepared base The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
ZEC 6 intro z96r 0 # Zechariah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Crown<br>The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Meaning of the visions<br>The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
ZEC 6 1 wvi1 figs-synecdoche 0 lifted my eyes Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ ZEC 6 12 ihw2 figs-metaphor 0 his name is Branch The word “Branch” refers t
ZEC 6 12 w53q figs-metaphor 0 He will grow up where he is The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
ZEC 6 14 ea75 figs-activepassive 0 The crown will given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 6 14 ea75 figs-activepassive 0 The crown will given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 6 14 xn98 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah … Hen These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 6 14 f3px 0 for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
ZEC 6 15 e6jp figs-explicit 0 those who are far off This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ ZEC 8 14 ry4z 0 provoked my anger Alternate translation: “angered me”
ZEC 8 14 pw4j 0 did not relent Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
ZEC 8 15 tg1a figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 16 r54n 0 that you must do “You” refers to the people of Judah.
ZEC 8 16 iy65 figs-abstractnouns 0 Speak truth, every person with his neighbor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 iy65 figs-abstractnouns 0 Speak truth, every person with his neighbor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 m4ld 0 his neighbor Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
ZEC 8 16 u5kf figs-abstractnouns 0 Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 k4ez figs-explicit 0 in your gates The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ ZEC 9 3 vi9s figs-personification 0 built herself a stronghold Here the city of
ZEC 9 3 p2xv figs-hyperbole 0 heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ZEC 9 4 ps4e 0 Look! The Lord will dispossess her Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions”
ZEC 9 4 nf2a figs-metonymy 0 destroy her strength on the sea Tyre’s “strength on the sea” refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: “destroy Tyre’s ships in which men fight on the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 4 rk76 figs-activepassive 0 so she will be devoured by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 9 4 rk76 figs-activepassive 0 so she will be devoured by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 9 5 zx4k figs-metonymy 0 Ashkelon … Gaza … Ekron, her hopes These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people of Ashkelon … the people of Gaza … the hopes of the people of Ekron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 5 ae33 0 will see Alternate translation: “will see Tyre be destroyed”
ZEC 9 6 fmu2 0 Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod Alternate translation: “Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there”
@ -389,14 +389,14 @@ ZEC 11 intro up7e 0 # Zechariah 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and form
ZEC 11 1 d6vm figs-metaphor 0 Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 1 kmf3 figs-metaphor 0 fire may devour your cedars Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 11 2 fu2k figs-personification 0 Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 11 2 fq53 figs-activepassive 0 What was majestic has been devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 2 fq53 figs-activepassive 0 What was majestic has been devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 2 gbt2 figs-personification 0 Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down. The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 11 3 pb1q 0 The shepherds howl Alternate translation: “The shepherds cry out loudly”
ZEC 11 3 ji77 figs-metonymy 0 for their glory has been destroyed Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 3 h9cl figs-metonymy 0 for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ZEC 11 4 u48q 0 watch over the flock set aside for slaughter Alternate translation: “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
ZEC 11 5 ip1w figs-activepassive 0 are not punished If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 5 ip1w figs-activepassive 0 are not punished If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 6 ljs6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 11 6 f3ps 0 See! Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
ZEC 11 6 t499 figs-rpronouns 0 I myself The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@ -405,8 +405,8 @@ ZEC 11 6 sr77 figs-metonymy 0 none of them will I deliver them from their hand
ZEC 11 7 jsk4 0 for those who dealt in sheep Alternate translation: “for those who bought and sold sheep”
ZEC 11 7 gy5l 0 Favor Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, This could mean: (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
ZEC 11 9 cnt4 figs-activepassive 0 the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 9 cnt4 figs-activepassive 0 the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 12 x7fr figs-explicit 0 thirty pieces of silver It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 12 zf3a translate-numbers 0 thirty pieces “30 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ ZEC 12 4 h97f 0 General Information: These verses continue telling about the c
ZEC 12 4 w42z figs-metaphor 0 Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: “I will do good things for the house of Judah” or “I will protect the house of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 4 jgj7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 5 g3n8 figs-metonymy 0 say in their hearts Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 5 w95z figs-abstractnouns 0 are our strength If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 12 5 w95z figs-abstractnouns 0 are our strength If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 12 5 u38m 0 Yahweh of hosts, their God Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
ZEC 12 6 zv3y figs-simile 0 like firepots among wood … standing grain This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 12 6 cjb8 0 firepots clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
@ -458,12 +458,12 @@ ZEC 12 12 jj6q figs-metonymy 0 The land will mourn This represents all the peop
ZEC 12 12 qth7 figs-metonymy 0 The clan of the house of David … The clan of the house of Nathan Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of David … The descendants of Nathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 13 r6fc figs-metonymy 0 The clan of the house of Levi Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 13 intro jz2l 0 # Zechariah 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
ZEC 13 1 f2a5 figs-metaphor 0 a spring will be opened … for their sin and impurity Forgiving the people’s sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 13 1 f2a5 figs-metaphor 0 a spring will be opened … for their sin and impurity Forgiving the people’s sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 13 1 f3zc 0 a spring a place where water flows naturally out of the ground
ZEC 13 1 s36v figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 13 2 x2wt figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 13 2 v452 figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off the names of the idols from the land Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would “cut off the names of the idols from the land.” Alternate translation: “I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 2 u9ue figs-idiom 0 they will no longer be remembered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 13 2 u9ue figs-idiom 0 they will no longer be remembered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 13 2 mck6 figs-metaphor 0 I will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land The prophets may refer to “false prophets.” The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 3 l7gb figs-explicit 0 to prophesy It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: “to prophesy falsely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 13 3 rx4l figs-distinguish 0 his father and mother who bore him The phrase “who bore him” describes “his father and mother” in order to express surprise that someone’s own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: “his own father and mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
@ -491,14 +491,14 @@ ZEC 14 intro ljq3 0 # Zechariah 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and form
ZEC 14 1 zs1r 0 General Information: This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.
ZEC 14 1 a7h2 figs-metaphor 0 A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst A future time is spoken of as if “a day is coming.” The phrase “will be divided” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 q4hu figs-hyperbole 0 I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle Here “every nation” is a generalization that means “many nations.” Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ZEC 14 2 qi2n figs-activepassive 0 the city will be captured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 lk8a figs-activepassive 0 The houses will be plundered and the women raped If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 cej1 figs-activepassive 0 the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 qi2n figs-activepassive 0 the city will be captured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 lk8a figs-activepassive 0 The houses will be plundered and the women raped If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 cej1 figs-activepassive 0 the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 3 l9z1 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.
ZEC 14 3 m5ez 0 as when he wages war on the day of battle Alternate translation: “just as he fought battles in the past”
ZEC 14 4 v1g4 0 On that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
ZEC 14 4 ak3r figs-synecdoche 0 his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives Here “feet” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he will stand on the Mount of Olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 14 4 kpm4 figs-activepassive 0 The Mount of Olives will be split … by a very great valley If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 4 kpm4 figs-activepassive 0 The Mount of Olives will be split … by a very great valley If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 5 x9i7 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 5 u952 figs-you 0 you will flee Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ZEC 14 5 n974 0 between Yahweh’s mountains This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ ZEC 14 5 mw1g 0 the holy ones This probably refers to God’s angels.
ZEC 14 6 g29k 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 6 qjd1 0 On that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
ZEC 14 6 z2kn figs-explicit 0 there will be no light It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: “there will be no light from the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 7 yli2 figs-activepassive 0 a day known only to Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 7 yli2 figs-activepassive 0 a day known only to Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 8 v254 figs-idiom 0 living waters This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 14 8 wpw5 0 the eastern sea This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.
ZEC 14 8 uks5 0 the western sea This refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ ZEC 14 10 rki8 figs-explicit 0 the king’s winepresses This probably refers to
ZEC 14 11 gbk1 figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will live in safety Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 14 12 qiz5 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 12 wg9q 0 even as they are standing on their feet “while they are still standing up.” This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down.
ZEC 14 13 w6fr figs-abstractnouns 0 that great fear from Yahweh will come among them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 14 13 w6fr figs-abstractnouns 0 that great fear from Yahweh will come among them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 14 13 yl73 figs-idiom 0 Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: “Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 14 14 jps4 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 14 n8dy figs-metonymy 0 Judah will also fight against Jerusalem Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: “Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
36 ZEC 1 15 vt8i 0 I was only a little angry with them Alternate translation: “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
37 ZEC 1 15 ml6d figs-explicit 0 they made the disaster worse “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
38 ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39 ZEC 1 16 mlv6 figs-metonymy 0 My house will be built within her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40 ZEC 1 16 qz6g figs-explicit 0 the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
41 ZEC 1 17 xwc5 0 Again call out, saying The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
42 ZEC 1 17 c5zg figs-metonymy 0 My cities will once again overflow with goodness The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43 ZEC 1 17 e1cn figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh will again comfort Zion Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132 ZEC 5 2 gh1w translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
133 ZEC 5 3 lv5p figs-metonymy 0 This is the curse The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
134 ZEC 5 3 mys3 figs-idiom 0 that goes out over the surface of the whole land The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
135 ZEC 5 3 iha6 figs-metaphor 0 every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
136 ZEC 5 3 pu8h 0 what it says on the one side … what it says on the other side Alternate translation: “what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
137 ZEC 5 4 jt2j 0 I will send it out Alternate translation: “I will send out the curse”
138 ZEC 5 4 alf7 figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
140 ZEC 5 5 j4s3 figs-synecdoche 0 Raise your eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
141 ZEC 5 6 mb23 translate-bvolume 0 This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
142 ZEC 5 6 bcy6 writing-symlanguage 0 This is their iniquity in the whole land The basket symbolizes the people’s iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
143 ZEC 5 7 un6a figs-activepassive 0 a lead covering was lifted off the basket If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
144 ZEC 5 7 nn4h 0 there was a woman under it sitting in it Alternate translation: “there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
145 ZEC 5 8 xg5w writing-symlanguage 0 This is Wickedness The woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: “This woman represents wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
146 ZEC 5 8 glc2 0 He threw her … he threw the lead cover “He thrust her … he forced the lead cover.” The word “threw” indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover.
149 ZEC 5 9 gde6 0 they had wings like a stork’s wings A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women’s wings with the size of the stork’s wings.
150 ZEC 5 9 xf59 figs-merism 0 They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
151 ZEC 5 11 dyi3 figs-ellipsis 0 To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
152 ZEC 5 11 un6q figs-activepassive 0 the basket will be set there If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
153 ZEC 5 11 gtm8 0 on its prepared base The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
154 ZEC 6 intro z96r 0 # Zechariah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Crown<br>The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Meaning of the visions<br>The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
155 ZEC 6 1 wvi1 figs-synecdoche 0 lifted my eyes Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
173 ZEC 6 12 w53q figs-metaphor 0 He will grow up where he is The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174 ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
175 ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
176 ZEC 6 14 ea75 figs-activepassive 0 The crown will given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177 ZEC 6 14 xn98 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah … Hen These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
178 ZEC 6 14 f3px 0 for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
179 ZEC 6 15 e6jp figs-explicit 0 those who are far off This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
255 ZEC 8 14 pw4j 0 did not relent Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
256 ZEC 8 15 tg1a figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
257 ZEC 8 16 r54n 0 that you must do “You” refers to the people of Judah.
258 ZEC 8 16 iy65 figs-abstractnouns 0 Speak truth, every person with his neighbor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
259 ZEC 8 16 m4ld 0 his neighbor Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
260 ZEC 8 16 u5kf figs-abstractnouns 0 Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
261 ZEC 8 16 k4ez figs-explicit 0 in your gates The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
293 ZEC 9 3 p2xv figs-hyperbole 0 heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
294 ZEC 9 4 ps4e 0 Look! The Lord will dispossess her Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions”
295 ZEC 9 4 nf2a figs-metonymy 0 destroy her strength on the sea Tyre’s “strength on the sea” refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: “destroy Tyre’s ships in which men fight on the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
296 ZEC 9 4 rk76 figs-activepassive 0 so she will be devoured by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
297 ZEC 9 5 zx4k figs-metonymy 0 Ashkelon … Gaza … Ekron, her hopes These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people of Ashkelon … the people of Gaza … the hopes of the people of Ekron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
298 ZEC 9 5 ae33 0 will see Alternate translation: “will see Tyre be destroyed”
299 ZEC 9 6 fmu2 0 Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod Alternate translation: “Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there”
389 ZEC 11 1 d6vm figs-metaphor 0 Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
390 ZEC 11 1 kmf3 figs-metaphor 0 fire may devour your cedars Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391 ZEC 11 2 fu2k figs-personification 0 Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
392 ZEC 11 2 fq53 figs-activepassive 0 What was majestic has been devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
393 ZEC 11 2 gbt2 figs-personification 0 Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down. The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
394 ZEC 11 3 pb1q 0 The shepherds howl Alternate translation: “The shepherds cry out loudly”
395 ZEC 11 3 ji77 figs-metonymy 0 for their glory has been destroyed Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
396 ZEC 11 3 h9cl figs-metonymy 0 for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
397 ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
398 ZEC 11 4 u48q 0 watch over the flock set aside for slaughter Alternate translation: “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
399 ZEC 11 5 ip1w figs-activepassive 0 are not punished If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
400 ZEC 11 6 ljs6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
401 ZEC 11 6 f3ps 0 See! Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
402 ZEC 11 6 t499 figs-rpronouns 0 I myself The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
405 ZEC 11 7 jsk4 0 for those who dealt in sheep Alternate translation: “for those who bought and sold sheep”
406 ZEC 11 7 gy5l 0 Favor Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
407 ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, This could mean: (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
408 ZEC 11 9 cnt4 figs-activepassive 0 the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
409 ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
410 ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
411 ZEC 11 12 x7fr figs-explicit 0 thirty pieces of silver It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
412 ZEC 11 12 zf3a translate-numbers 0 thirty pieces “30 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
434 ZEC 12 4 w42z figs-metaphor 0 Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: “I will do good things for the house of Judah” or “I will protect the house of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
435 ZEC 12 4 jgj7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
436 ZEC 12 5 g3n8 figs-metonymy 0 say in their hearts Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
437 ZEC 12 5 w95z figs-abstractnouns 0 are our strength If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
438 ZEC 12 5 u38m 0 Yahweh of hosts, their God Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
439 ZEC 12 6 zv3y figs-simile 0 like firepots among wood … standing grain This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
440 ZEC 12 6 cjb8 0 firepots clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
458 ZEC 12 12 qth7 figs-metonymy 0 The clan of the house of David … The clan of the house of Nathan Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of David … The descendants of Nathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
459 ZEC 12 13 r6fc figs-metonymy 0 The clan of the house of Levi Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
460 ZEC 13 intro jz2l 0 # Zechariah 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
461 ZEC 13 1 f2a5 figs-metaphor 0 a spring will be opened … for their sin and impurity Forgiving the people’s sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Forgiving the people’s sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
462 ZEC 13 1 f3zc 0 a spring a place where water flows naturally out of the ground
463 ZEC 13 1 s36v figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
464 ZEC 13 2 x2wt figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
465 ZEC 13 2 v452 figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off the names of the idols from the land Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would “cut off the names of the idols from the land.” Alternate translation: “I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
466 ZEC 13 2 u9ue figs-idiom 0 they will no longer be remembered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
467 ZEC 13 2 mck6 figs-metaphor 0 I will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land The prophets may refer to “false prophets.” The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
468 ZEC 13 3 l7gb figs-explicit 0 to prophesy It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: “to prophesy falsely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
469 ZEC 13 3 rx4l figs-distinguish 0 his father and mother who bore him The phrase “who bore him” describes “his father and mother” in order to express surprise that someone’s own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: “his own father and mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
491 ZEC 14 1 zs1r 0 General Information: This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.
492 ZEC 14 1 a7h2 figs-metaphor 0 A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst A future time is spoken of as if “a day is coming.” The phrase “will be divided” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
493 ZEC 14 2 q4hu figs-hyperbole 0 I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle Here “every nation” is a generalization that means “many nations.” Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
494 ZEC 14 2 qi2n figs-activepassive 0 the city will be captured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
495 ZEC 14 2 lk8a figs-activepassive 0 The houses will be plundered and the women raped If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496 ZEC 14 2 cej1 figs-activepassive 0 the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
497 ZEC 14 3 l9z1 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.
498 ZEC 14 3 m5ez 0 as when he wages war on the day of battle Alternate translation: “just as he fought battles in the past”
499 ZEC 14 4 v1g4 0 On that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
500 ZEC 14 4 ak3r figs-synecdoche 0 his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives Here “feet” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he will stand on the Mount of Olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
501 ZEC 14 4 kpm4 figs-activepassive 0 The Mount of Olives will be split … by a very great valley If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
502 ZEC 14 5 x9i7 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
503 ZEC 14 5 u952 figs-you 0 you will flee Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
504 ZEC 14 5 n974 0 between Yahweh’s mountains This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.
509 ZEC 14 6 g29k 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
510 ZEC 14 6 qjd1 0 On that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
511 ZEC 14 6 z2kn figs-explicit 0 there will be no light It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: “there will be no light from the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
512 ZEC 14 7 yli2 figs-activepassive 0 a day known only to Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
513 ZEC 14 8 v254 figs-idiom 0 living waters This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
514 ZEC 14 8 wpw5 0 the eastern sea This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.
515 ZEC 14 8 uks5 0 the western sea This refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
526 ZEC 14 11 gbk1 figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will live in safety Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
527 ZEC 14 12 qiz5 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
528 ZEC 14 12 wg9q 0 even as they are standing on their feet “while they are still standing up.” This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down.
529 ZEC 14 13 w6fr figs-abstractnouns 0 that great fear from Yahweh will come among them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
530 ZEC 14 13 yl73 figs-idiom 0 Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: “Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
531 ZEC 14 14 jps4 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
532 ZEC 14 14 n8dy figs-metonymy 0 Judah will also fight against Jerusalem Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: “Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

10
en_tn_39-MAL.tsv
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@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ MAL 1 14 v5fd figs-activepassive 0 my name will be honored among the nations Th
MAL 1 14 z5ra figs-metonymy 0 my name will be honored Here “my name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 intro jc2b 0 # Malachi 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levites<br>The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Marital unfaithfulness<br>Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person’s unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 2 y1il figs-idiom 0 lay it on your heart This refers to considering something to be very important. Alternate translation: “consider it to be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 2 w6cs figs-abstractnouns 0 give honor to my name If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “honor my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 2 w6cs figs-abstractnouns 0 give honor to my name If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “honor my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 2 e4vh figs-metonymy 0 my name Here this expression refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 2 k5md figs-abstractnouns 0 I will send a curse on you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **curse**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 2 k5md figs-abstractnouns 0 I will send a curse on you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **curse**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 2 b7vl figs-idiom 0 you are not laying my command on your heart This refers to considering God’s command to be very important. Alternate translation: “you are not considering my command to be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 3 vsb2 figs-metaphor 0 I will spread dung on your faces Here “dung on your faces” stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 3 skc9 figs-metonymy 0 the dung from your festivals Here “festivals” stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ MAL 2 6 ws89 figs-metaphor 0 in peace and uprightness Here the idea of location
MAL 2 6 p1lh figs-metaphor 0 he turned many away from sin Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 6 fxl1 figs-metaphor 0 lips Here “lips” stands for a person’s ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 7 kp5v figs-metaphor 0 For a priest’s lips should keep knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 7 d2la figs-abstractnouns 0 seek instruction Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 7 d2la figs-abstractnouns 0 seek instruction Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 7 sp8u figs-metonymy 0 from his mouth Here “mouth” stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 8 si1s figs-metaphor 0 you have turned away from the true path The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 8 um6v figs-metaphor 0 You have caused many to stumble Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ MAL 3 7 l1ir figs-rquestion 0 How will we return? The people ask this question
MAL 3 8 dn4i figs-rquestion 0 Would a person rob God? This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: “A man should certainly not rob God.” or “No one should ever rob me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAL 3 8 ijc5 figs-rquestion 0 How have we robbed you? This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not robbed you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 8 cy6m figs-explicit 0 In tithes and offerings This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 3 9 grs1 figs-activepassive 0 You are cursed with a curse If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 3 9 grs1 figs-activepassive 0 You are cursed with a curse If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 3 9 mr47 0 you are robbing me, the whole nation Here “nation” stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “all of you in the whole nation are robbing me”
MAL 3 10 n4ch 0 the full tithe Alternate translation: “all the tithes”
MAL 3 10 dmr8 figs-metaphor 0 my house Here “house” stands for the temple. Alternate translation: “my temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor 0 wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to sp
MAL 4 2 is44 figs-simile 0 You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAL 4 3 cn2r figs-metaphor 0 you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 3 f8ct 0 they will be ashes The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).
MAL 4 4 if2v figs-abstractnouns 0 Remember the teaching of my servant Moses that I gave him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **teaching**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “taught.” Alternate translation: “Remember what I taught my servant Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 4 4 if2v figs-abstractnouns 0 Remember the teaching of my servant Moses that I gave him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **teaching**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “taught.” Alternate translation: “Remember what I taught my servant Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 4 4 td5c 0 Remember Here “Remember” stands for “Think about” and, at the same time, “Obey.”
MAL 4 4 n5dr 0 Horeb This is another name for Sinai.
MAL 4 4 r85g figs-metonymy 0 all Israel Here “all Israel” is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
54 MAL 1 14 z5ra figs-metonymy 0 my name will be honored Here “my name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
55 MAL 2 intro jc2b 0 # Malachi 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levites<br>The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Marital unfaithfulness<br>Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person’s unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56 MAL 2 2 y1il figs-idiom 0 lay it on your heart This refers to considering something to be very important. Alternate translation: “consider it to be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
57 MAL 2 2 w6cs figs-abstractnouns 0 give honor to my name If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “honor my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “honor my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
58 MAL 2 2 e4vh figs-metonymy 0 my name Here this expression refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59 MAL 2 2 k5md figs-abstractnouns 0 I will send a curse on you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **curse**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **curse**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
60 MAL 2 2 b7vl figs-idiom 0 you are not laying my command on your heart This refers to considering God’s command to be very important. Alternate translation: “you are not considering my command to be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
61 MAL 2 3 vsb2 figs-metaphor 0 I will spread dung on your faces Here “dung on your faces” stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62 MAL 2 3 skc9 figs-metonymy 0 the dung from your festivals Here “festivals” stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74 MAL 2 6 p1lh figs-metaphor 0 he turned many away from sin Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 MAL 2 6 fxl1 figs-metaphor 0 lips Here “lips” stands for a person’s ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76 MAL 2 7 kp5v figs-metaphor 0 For a priest’s lips should keep knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77 MAL 2 7 d2la figs-abstractnouns 0 seek instruction Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
78 MAL 2 7 sp8u figs-metonymy 0 from his mouth Here “mouth” stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79 MAL 2 8 si1s figs-metaphor 0 you have turned away from the true path The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80 MAL 2 8 um6v figs-metaphor 0 You have caused many to stumble Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
146 MAL 3 8 dn4i figs-rquestion 0 Would a person rob God? This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: “A man should certainly not rob God.” or “No one should ever rob me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
147 MAL 3 8 ijc5 figs-rquestion 0 How have we robbed you? This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not robbed you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
148 MAL 3 8 cy6m figs-explicit 0 In tithes and offerings This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
149 MAL 3 9 grs1 figs-activepassive 0 You are cursed with a curse If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
150 MAL 3 9 mr47 0 you are robbing me, the whole nation Here “nation” stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “all of you in the whole nation are robbing me”
151 MAL 3 10 n4ch 0 the full tithe Alternate translation: “all the tithes”
152 MAL 3 10 dmr8 figs-metaphor 0 my house Here “house” stands for the temple. Alternate translation: “my temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
185 MAL 4 2 is44 figs-simile 0 You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
186 MAL 4 3 cn2r figs-metaphor 0 you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
187 MAL 4 3 f8ct 0 they will be ashes The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).
188 MAL 4 4 if2v figs-abstractnouns 0 Remember the teaching of my servant Moses that I gave him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **teaching**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “taught.” Alternate translation: “Remember what I taught my servant Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **teaching**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “taught.” Alternate translation: “Remember what I taught my servant Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
189 MAL 4 4 td5c 0 Remember Here “Remember” stands for “Think about” and, at the same time, “Obey.”
190 MAL 4 4 n5dr 0 Horeb This is another name for Sinai.
191 MAL 4 4 r85g figs-metonymy 0 all Israel Here “all Israel” is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -2155,7 +2155,7 @@ LUK 12 26 hl4d figs-rquestion εἰ οὖν οὐδὲ ἐλάχιστον δύ
LUK 12 26 l779 figs-nominaladj ἐλάχιστον 1 the least Jesus is using the adjective **least** as a noun. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “such a very little thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 12 26 l780 figs-explicit τῶν λοιπῶν 1 the rest The implication in context is that Jesus is referring to having food to eat and clothes to wear. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “having food and clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 27 h293 κατανοήσατε τὰ κρίνα πῶς αὐξάνει 1 Consider the lilies—how they grow Alternate translation: “Think about how the lilies grow”
LUK 12 27 s8d3 translate-unknown τὰ κρίνα 1 the lilies The word **lilies** describes beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for this flower, you could use the name of a similar flower that your readers would recognize, or you can use a general term. Alternate translation: “the flowers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 27 s8d3 translate-unknown τὰ κρίνα 1 the lilies The word **lilies** describes beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for this flower, you can use the name of a similar flower that your readers would recognize, or you can use a general term. Alternate translation: “the flowers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 27 u3mf translate-unknown οὐδὲ νήθει 1 neither do they spin In this context, to **spin** means to make thread or yarn for cloth. It does not mean to turn in a circle while standing in one place. If your readers might be confused by the term, you could explain the meaning with a phrase. Alternate translation: “and they do not make thread for cloth” or “and they do not make yarn for cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 27 l781 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, οὐδὲ Σολομὼν 1 But I say to you, not even Solomon Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “I can assure you that not even Solomon”
LUK 12 27 nug5 figs-abstractnouns Σολομὼν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ 1 Solomon in all his glory The abstract noun **glory** could mean: (1) “Solomon, who had great wealth.” (2) “Solomon, who wore beautiful clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

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@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 8 13 smk2 figs-activepassive ἵνα ἄλλοις ἄνεσις, ὑμῖν θλῖψις 1 for the ease of others, and your affliction If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you may relieve others and burden yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 8 13 ktd1 ἐξ ἰσότητος 1 for the sake of equality Alternate translation: “so that there would be equality”
2CO 8 14 v7aj ἵνα καὶ τὸ ἐκείνων περίσσευμα γένηται εἰς τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα 1 This is also so that their abundance may supply your need Since the Corinthians are acting in the present time, it is implied that the believers in Jerusalem will also help them at some time in the future. Alternate translation: “this is also so that in the future their abundance may supply your need”
2CO 8 15 ue8w figs-activepassive καθὼς γέγραπται 1 as it is written Here Paul quotes from Exodus. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language.If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 8 15 ue8w figs-activepassive καθὼς γέγραπται 1 as it is written Here Paul quotes from Exodus. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language.If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 8 15 u28y figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἠλαττόνησεν 1 did not have too little If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **not … too little**, you could express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “had all he needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2CO 8 16 cr18 figs-synecdoche τῷ διδόντι τὴν αὐτὴν σπουδὴν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Τίτου 1 who put into Titus’ heart the same earnest care that I have for you Here, **heart** refers to the emotions. This means that God caused Titus to love them. Alternate translation: “the one who made Titus care for you as much as I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CO 8 16 vsm3 τὴν αὐτὴν σπουδὴν 1 same earnest care Alternate translation: “the same enthusiasm” or “same deep concern”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
376 2CO 8 13 smk2 figs-activepassive ἵνα ἄλλοις ἄνεσις, ὑμῖν θλῖψις 1 for the ease of others, and your affliction If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you may relieve others and burden yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
377 2CO 8 13 ktd1 ἐξ ἰσότητος 1 for the sake of equality Alternate translation: “so that there would be equality”
378 2CO 8 14 v7aj ἵνα καὶ τὸ ἐκείνων περίσσευμα γένηται εἰς τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα 1 This is also so that their abundance may supply your need Since the Corinthians are acting in the present time, it is implied that the believers in Jerusalem will also help them at some time in the future. Alternate translation: “this is also so that in the future their abundance may supply your need”
379 2CO 8 15 ue8w figs-activepassive καθὼς γέγραπται 1 as it is written Here Paul quotes from Exodus. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language.If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here Paul quotes from Exodus. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language.If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
380 2CO 8 15 u28y figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἠλαττόνησεν 1 did not have too little If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **not … too little**, you could express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “had all he needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
381 2CO 8 16 cr18 figs-synecdoche τῷ διδόντι τὴν αὐτὴν σπουδὴν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Τίτου 1 who put into Titus’ heart the same earnest care that I have for you Here, **heart** refers to the emotions. This means that God caused Titus to love them. Alternate translation: “the one who made Titus care for you as much as I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
382 2CO 8 16 vsm3 τὴν αὐτὴν σπουδὴν 1 same earnest care Alternate translation: “the same enthusiasm” or “same deep concern”