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@ -313,29 +313,25 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
9:15 fq6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy defeat the stones of the slings 0 Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones”
9:15 ure5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine 0 The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk”
9:15 t8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they will be filled with wine like bowls 0 This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar”
9:15 h8j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the corners of the altar 0 Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:16 t4gy 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 14–16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
9:15 h8j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the corners of the altar 0 Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood”
9:16 i4qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile God will rescue them … as the flock of his people 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God’s sheep that he cares for and protects.
9:16 kyv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They are the jewels of a crown 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: “They will be like beautiful stones in a crown”
9:17 udt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How good and how beautiful they will be! 0 This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “They will be very good and beautiful!”
9:17 rzm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! 0 This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: “All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!”
9:17 uf1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The young men … the virgins 0 These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
9:17 x8zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism grain … sweet wine 0 These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1–2.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Redemption\n\nThis book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
9:17 uf1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The young men … the virgins 0 These two phrases are parallel.
9:17 x8zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism grain … sweet wine 0 These two phrases are parallel.
10:intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1–2.
10:1 ybt5 vegetation in the field 0 Alternate translation: “causes plants to grow in the field”
10:2 wcl5 household idols speak falsely 0 “household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
10:2 tc8c diviners envision a lie 0 Alternate translation: “diviners see false visions”
10:2 e8gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they tell deceitful dreams 0 It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people”
10:2 xi1f empty comfort 0 This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.
10:2 nb46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they wander like sheep 0 The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go”
10:2 zr2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they … suffer because there is no shepherd 0 The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets … are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them”
10:3 e9x1 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3–5.
10:3 iq7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My wrath burns against the shepherds 0 Here “the shepherds” represent the leaders of God’s people. The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: “My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire” or “I am very angry with the leaders of my people”
10:3 ir6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish 0 Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here “male goats” represents the oppressive leaders of God’s people.
10:3 r33n Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah 0 Here Yahweh’s care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep”
10:3 t1tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the people of Judah”
10:3 dd5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor make them like his warhorse in battle 0 Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:4 l1sr 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3–5.
10:3 dd5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor make them like his warhorse in battle 0 Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle”
10:4 se8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor From Judah will come the cornerstone 0 “The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler”
10:4 xep2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage the cornerstone … the tent peg … the war bow 0 This could mean: (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah.
10:4 q653 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from him will come the tent peg 0 “the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah”
@ -348,9 +344,9 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
10:6 skk5 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 6–12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
10:6 tf8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah”
10:6 q4yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Joseph 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
10:6 b62v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I had not cast them off 0 This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
10:7 zfa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Ephraim will be like a warrior 0 “Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong”
10:7 pg8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their hearts will rejoice as with wine 0 Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:6 b62v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I had not cast them off 0 This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them”
10:7 zfa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Ephraim will be like a warrior 0 “Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong”
10:7 pg8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their hearts will rejoice as with wine 0 Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy”
10:7 u9gr their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me! 0 Alternate translation: “their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!”
10:8 rt4z 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 6–12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
10:8 h3zu I will whistle 0 To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.
@ -358,14 +354,13 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
10:10 qvy9 until there is no more room for them 0 The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and they will completely fill the land”
10:11 gh3n 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 6–12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
10:11 kec9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will pass through the sea of their affliction 0 Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: “I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions”
10:11 sq3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will strike the waves of that sea 0 Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:11 sq3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will strike the waves of that sea 0 Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop”
10:11 ve5n will dry up all the depths of the Nile 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water”
10:11 h8a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The majesty of Assyria will be brought down 0 Here “the majesty of Assyria” probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: “I will destroy Assyria’s proud army”
10:11 g3sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians 0 Here “the scepter of Egypt” refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end”
10:12 wnc7 I will strengthen them in myself 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me”
10:12 dh7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
11:intro up7e 0 # Zechariah 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 11:1–3, 17.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThis chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahweh’s dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Symbolism\n\nThe writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them “Unity” and “Favor.” He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
11:1 d6vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour 0 Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:1 d6vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour 0 Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour”
11:1 kmf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fire may devour your cedars 0 Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars”
11:2 fu2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen 0 Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen”
11:2 fq53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive What was majestic has been devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined”
@ -373,10 +368,8 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
11:3 pb1q The shepherds howl 0 Alternate translation: “The shepherds cry out loudly”
11:3 ji77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for their glory has been destroyed 0 Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined”
11:3 h9cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated 0 Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined”
11:4 zxx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 # General Information:\n\nIn 11:4–17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
11:4 u48q watch over the flock set aside for slaughter 0 Alternate translation: “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
11:5 ip1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive are not punished 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them”
11:6 ljs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
11:6 f3ps See! 0 Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
11:6 t499 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns I myself 0 The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things.
11:6 qz87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them”
@ -455,7 +448,7 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
13:5 ip2z the land became my work while I was still a young man 0 Some versions of the Bible translate this as “a man sold me as a slave when I was young.” Alternate translation: “I became a farmer when I was young”
13:6 q1gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit What are these wounds between your arms? 0 “How did you get those cuts on your chest?” This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies.
13:6 f1cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will answer 0 It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: “he will lie to him saying”
13:7 l7mc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nZechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
13:7 l7mc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry.
13:7 c9hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd 0 “You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd.” Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: “You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd”
13:7 z2t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my shepherd 0 This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “my servant who is like a shepherd”
13:7 r27c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
313 9:15 fq6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy defeat the stones of the slings 0 Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones”
314 9:15 ure5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine 0 The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk”
315 9:15 t8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they will be filled with wine like bowls 0 This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar”
316 9:15 h8j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the corners of the altar 0 Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood”
9:16 t4gy 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 14–16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
317 9:16 i4qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile God will rescue them … as the flock of his people 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God’s sheep that he cares for and protects.
318 9:16 kyv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They are the jewels of a crown 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: “They will be like beautiful stones in a crown”
319 9:17 udt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How good and how beautiful they will be! 0 This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “They will be very good and beautiful!”
320 9:17 rzm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! 0 This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: “All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!”
321 9:17 uf1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The young men … the virgins 0 These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) These two phrases are parallel.
322 9:17 x8zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism grain … sweet wine 0 These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) These two phrases are parallel.
323 10:intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1–2.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Redemption\n\nThis book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) # Zechariah 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1–2.
324 10:1 ybt5 vegetation in the field 0 Alternate translation: “causes plants to grow in the field”
10:2 wcl5 household idols speak falsely 0 “household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
325 10:2 tc8c diviners envision a lie 0 Alternate translation: “diviners see false visions”
326 10:2 e8gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they tell deceitful dreams 0 It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people”
327 10:2 xi1f empty comfort 0 This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.
328 10:2 nb46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they wander like sheep 0 The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go”
329 10:2 zr2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they … suffer because there is no shepherd 0 The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets … are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them”
10:3 e9x1 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3–5.
330 10:3 iq7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My wrath burns against the shepherds 0 Here “the shepherds” represent the leaders of God’s people. The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: “My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire” or “I am very angry with the leaders of my people”
331 10:3 ir6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish 0 Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here “male goats” represents the oppressive leaders of God’s people.
332 10:3 r33n Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah 0 Here Yahweh’s care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep”
333 10:3 t1tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the people of Judah”
334 10:3 dd5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor make them like his warhorse in battle 0 Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle”
10:4 l1sr 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3–5.
335 10:4 se8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor From Judah will come the cornerstone 0 “The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler”
336 10:4 xep2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage the cornerstone … the tent peg … the war bow 0 This could mean: (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah.
337 10:4 q653 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from him will come the tent peg 0 “the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah”
344 10:6 skk5 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 6–12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
345 10:6 tf8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah”
346 10:6 q4yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Joseph 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
347 10:6 b62v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I had not cast them off 0 This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them”
348 10:7 zfa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Ephraim will be like a warrior 0 “Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong” “Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong”
349 10:7 pg8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their hearts will rejoice as with wine 0 Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy”
350 10:7 u9gr their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me! 0 Alternate translation: “their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!”
351 10:8 rt4z 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 6–12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
352 10:8 h3zu I will whistle 0 To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.
354 10:10 qvy9 until there is no more room for them 0 The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and they will completely fill the land”
355 10:11 gh3n 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 6–12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
356 10:11 kec9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will pass through the sea of their affliction 0 Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: “I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions”
357 10:11 sq3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will strike the waves of that sea 0 Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop”
358 10:11 ve5n will dry up all the depths of the Nile 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water”
359 10:11 h8a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The majesty of Assyria will be brought down 0 Here “the majesty of Assyria” probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: “I will destroy Assyria’s proud army”
360 10:11 g3sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians 0 Here “the scepter of Egypt” refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end”
361 10:12 wnc7 I will strengthen them in myself 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me”
10:12 dh7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
362 11:intro up7e 0 # Zechariah 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 11:1–3, 17.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThis chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahweh’s dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Symbolism\n\nThe writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them “Unity” and “Favor.” He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
363 11:1 d6vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour 0 Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour”
364 11:1 kmf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fire may devour your cedars 0 Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars”
365 11:2 fu2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen 0 Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen”
366 11:2 fq53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive What was majestic has been devastated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined”
368 11:3 pb1q The shepherds howl 0 Alternate translation: “The shepherds cry out loudly”
369 11:3 ji77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for their glory has been destroyed 0 Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined”
370 11:3 h9cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated 0 Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined”
11:4 zxx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 # General Information:\n\nIn 11:4–17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
371 11:4 u48q watch over the flock set aside for slaughter 0 Alternate translation: “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
372 11:5 ip1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive are not punished 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them”
11:6 ljs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
373 11:6 f3ps See! 0 Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
374 11:6 t499 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns I myself 0 The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things.
375 11:6 qz87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them”
448 13:5 ip2z the land became my work while I was still a young man 0 Some versions of the Bible translate this as “a man sold me as a slave when I was young.” Alternate translation: “I became a farmer when I was young”
449 13:6 q1gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit What are these wounds between your arms? 0 “How did you get those cuts on your chest?” This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies.
450 13:6 f1cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will answer 0 It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: “he will lie to him saying”
451 13:7 l7mc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 # General Information:\n\nZechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry.
452 13:7 c9hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd 0 “You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd.” Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: “You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd”
453 13:7 z2t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my shepherd 0 This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “my servant who is like a shepherd”
454 13:7 r27c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared”