@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ JON 1 5 d13r הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים 1 the sailors the men who worked on
JON 1 5 u2bj אֱלֹהָיו֒ 1 his own god Here **god** refers to false gods and idols that people worship.
JON 1 5 sh1b וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ 1 They threw the cargo that was in the ship ***The men threw the heavy things off the ship***. This was done to keep the ship from sinking.
JON 1 5 tg27 לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם 1 to lighten it Making the ship lighter would make if float better. Alternate translation: “to help the ship float better”
JON 1 5 uzt4 writing-background וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה 1 But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship Jonah did this before the storm started. (See: [[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JON 1 5 uzt4 writing-background וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה 1 But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship Jonah did this before the storm started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JON 1 5 f63r יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה 1 the innermost parts of the ship ***inside the ship***
JON 1 5 g4y4 וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם 1 and had lain down and was deeply asleep ***and was lying there fast asleep*** or ***and was lying there and sleeping deeply***. For this reason, the storm did not wake him up.
JON 1 6 laa3 וַיִּקְרַ֤ב אֵלָיו֙ רַ֣ב הַחֹבֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ 1 So the captain came to him and said to him ***The man in charge of the ship went to Jonah and said***
JON 1 15 l9cf וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד הַיָּ֖ם מִזַּעְפּֽוֹ 1 the sea stopped raging ***the sea stopped moving violently*** or ***the sea became calm***
JON 1 16 r3gs וַיִּֽירְא֧וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים יִרְאָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה 1 Then the men feared Yahweh with a great fear ***Then the men became greatly awed at Yahweh’s power***
JON 1 17 q87y 0 General Information: Some versions number this verse as the first verse of chapter 2. You may want to number the verses according to the main version that your language group uses.
JON 1 17 jdr4 writing-newevent וַיְמַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ דָּ֣ג גָּד֔וֹל לִבְלֹ֖עַ אֶת־יוֹנָ֑ה 1 Now Yahweh had prepared a great fish to swallow Jonah, This clause introduces the next part of the story, where Yahweh saves Jonah from the sea, and Jonah prays. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JON 1 17 jdr4 writing-newevent וַיְמַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ דָּ֣ג גָּד֔וֹל לִבְלֹ֖עַ אֶת־יוֹנָ֑ה 1 Now Yahweh had prepared a great fish to swallow Jonah, This clause introduces the next part of the story, where Yahweh saves Jonah from the sea, and Jonah prays. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JON 1 17 fle4 writing-newevent וַיְמַ֤ן 1 Now…had prepared The word **Now** is used in English to introduce a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JON 1 17 cjb6 שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת 1 three days and three nights ***three days and nights***
JON 2 intro ae4k 0 # Jonah 02 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins with a prayer by Jonah, and many translators have chosen to set it apart by setting its lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Translators can follow this practice, but they are not obligated to.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sea<br><br>This chapter contains many terms from the sea.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Poetry<br><br>Prayers in Scripture often contain a poetic form. Poetry frequently uses metaphors to communicate something with a special meaning. For example, since Jonah was in a fish in the sea, being trapped is compared to a prison. Jonah is overwhelmed by the depth of the sea and expresses this by speaking about at the **base of the mountains** and in the **belly of Sheol**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br><br>Scholars are divided over whether Jonah’s repentance was genuine or whether he was trying to save his life. In light of his attitude in chapter 4, it is uncertain if he was genuinely repentant. If possible, it is best for translators to avoid making a definitive stance on whether Jonah’s repentance was genuine. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br>
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ JON 2 5 p1fw ס֖וּף 1 seaweed grass that grows in the sea
JON 2 6 z36i figs-metaphor הָאָ֛רֶץ בְּרִחֶ֥יהָ בַעֲדִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם 1 the earth with its bars closed upon me forever Jonah used a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. Alternate translation: “the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 2 6 dc3r figs-metaphor וַתַּ֧עַל מִשַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖י 1 Yet you brought up my life from the pit Jonah speaks of the place of the dead as if it were a pit. Alternate translation: “But you saved my life from the place of the dead” or “But you saved me from the place where the dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 2 6 i3mx יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי 1 Yahweh, my God! In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word **you**.
JON 2 7 jdr6 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בְּהִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַי֙ נַפְשִׁ֔י 1 When my soul fainted within me, Jonahs says that he remembered Yahweh when he had lost hope of being rescued from the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
JON 2 7 jdr6 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בְּהִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַי֙ נַפְשִׁ֔י 1 When my soul fainted within me, Jonahs says that he remembered Yahweh when he had lost hope of being rescued from the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
JON 2 7 l2b6 אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה זָכָ֑רְתִּי 1 I remembered Yahweh Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say “I thought about you, Yahweh” or “Yahweh, I thought about you.”
JON 2 7 ue9g figs-metaphor וַתָּב֤וֹא אֵלֶ֨יךָ֙ תְּפִלָּתִ֔י אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁךָ 1 then my prayer came to you, to your holy temple Jonah speaks as if his prayers could travel to God and his temple. Alternate translation: “then you in your holy temple heard my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 2 8 u1l9 מְשַׁמְּרִ֖ים הַבְלֵי־שָׁ֑וְא 1 Those who give attention to useless idols ***People who pay attention to useless gods***
JON 3 3 k7k9 וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹנָ֗ה וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֶ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh, according to the word of Yahweh ***This time Jonah obeyed Yahweh and went to Nineveh***
JON 3 3 g4nk figs-metonymy כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 the word of Yahweh Here **word** represents Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “the message of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JON 3 3 j8x1 figs-idiom וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹנָ֗ה 1 So Jonah got up ***So Jonah left the beach***. The words **got up** refer to preparing to go somewhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JON 3 3 dt1b writing-background וְנִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ 1 Now Nineveh was a very large city, a journey of three days. This sentence gives background information about the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JON 3 3 dt1b writing-background וְנִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 Now Nineveh was a very large city, a journey of three days. This sentence gives background information about the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JON 3 3 ye82 figs-idiom עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 a very large city, a journey of three days ***a very large city that was three days across***. A person had to walk for three days to completely go through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JON 3 4 r2al מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ 1 after a journey of one day, and he cried out Possible meanings are 1) ***after Jonah walked a day’s journey he called out*** or 2) ***while Jonah walked on the first day, he called out***.
JON 3 4 e1b9 מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד 1 after a journey of one day ***after a day’s walk***. A day’s journey is the distance that people would normally travel in one day. Alternate translation: “after Jonah walked for one day”
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
25
JON
1
5
u2bj
אֱלֹהָיו֒
1
his own god
Here **god** refers to false gods and idols that people worship.
***The men threw the heavy things off the ship***. This was done to keep the ship from sinking.
27
JON
1
5
tg27
לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם
1
to lighten it
Making the ship lighter would make if float better. Alternate translation: “to help the ship float better”
28
JON
1
5
uzt4
writing-background
וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה
1
But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship
Jonah did this before the storm started. (See: [[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])Jonah did this before the storm started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
29
JON
1
5
f63r
יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה
1
the innermost parts of the ship
***inside the ship***
30
JON
1
5
g4y4
וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם
1
and had lain down and was deeply asleep
***and was lying there fast asleep*** or ***and was lying there and sleeping deeply***. For this reason, the storm did not wake him up.
***Then the men became greatly awed at Yahweh’s power***
59
JON
1
17
q87y
0
General Information:
Some versions number this verse as the first verse of chapter 2. You may want to number the verses according to the main version that your language group uses.
Now Yahweh had prepared a great fish to swallow Jonah,
This clause introduces the next part of the story, where Yahweh saves Jonah from the sea, and Jonah prays. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
61
JON
1
17
fle4
writing-newevent
וַיְמַ֤ן
1
Now…had prepared
The word **Now** is used in English to introduce a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
62
JON
1
17
cjb6
שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת
1
three days and three nights
***three days and nights***
63
JON
2
intro
ae4k
0
# Jonah 02 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins with a prayer by Jonah, and many translators have chosen to set it apart by setting its lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Translators can follow this practice, but they are not obligated to.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sea<br><br>This chapter contains many terms from the sea.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Poetry<br><br>Prayers in Scripture often contain a poetic form. Poetry frequently uses metaphors to communicate something with a special meaning. For example, since Jonah was in a fish in the sea, being trapped is compared to a prison. Jonah is overwhelmed by the depth of the sea and expresses this by speaking about at the **base of the mountains** and in the **belly of Sheol**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br><br>Scholars are divided over whether Jonah’s repentance was genuine or whether he was trying to save his life. In light of his attitude in chapter 4, it is uncertain if he was genuinely repentant. If possible, it is best for translators to avoid making a definitive stance on whether Jonah’s repentance was genuine. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br>
83
JON
2
6
z36i
figs-metaphor
הָאָ֛רֶץ בְּרִחֶ֥יהָ בַעֲדִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם
1
the earth with its bars closed upon me forever
Jonah used a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. Alternate translation: “the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84
JON
2
6
dc3r
figs-metaphor
וַתַּ֧עַל מִשַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖י
1
Yet you brought up my life from the pit
Jonah speaks of the place of the dead as if it were a pit. Alternate translation: “But you saved my life from the place of the dead” or “But you saved me from the place where the dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85
JON
2
6
i3mx
יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי
1
Yahweh, my God!
In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word **you**.
Jonahs says that he remembered Yahweh when he had lost hope of being rescued from the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
87
JON
2
7
l2b6
אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה זָכָ֑רְתִּי
1
I remembered Yahweh
Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say “I thought about you, Yahweh” or “Yahweh, I thought about you.”
Jonah speaks as if his prayers could travel to God and his temple. Alternate translation: “then you in your holy temple heard my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
***a very large city that was three days across***. A person had to walk for three days to completely go through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
106
JON
3
4
r2al
מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּקְרָא֙
1
after a journey of one day, and he cried out
Possible meanings are 1) ***after Jonah walked a day’s journey he called out*** or 2) ***while Jonah walked on the first day, he called out***.
107
JON
3
4
e1b9
מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד
1
after a journey of one day
***after a day’s walk***. A day’s journey is the distance that people would normally travel in one day. Alternate translation: “after Jonah walked for one day”
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ TIT 1 intro c7me 0 # Titus 01 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formattin
TIT 1 1 rtc9 κατὰ πίστιν 1 for the faith ***to strengthen the faith***
TIT 1 1 xyz8 figs-abstractnouns ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 knowledge of the truth **knowledge** and **truth** are abstract nouns. See the UST for other ways to express these. Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can belong to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
TIT 1 1 fyf8 τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν 1 that agrees with godliness ***that is suitable for honoring God***
TIT 1 2 xyz9 ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 withthecertainhopeof everlastinglife ***that gives us the certain hope of everlasting life*** or ***based on our certain hope for everlasting life***
TIT 1 2 xyz9 ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 withthecertainhopeof everlastinglife ***that gives us the certain hope of everlasting life*** or ***based on our certain hope for everlasting life***
TIT 1 2 r2gj πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων 1 before all the ages of time ***before time began***
TIT 1 3 b22h καιροῖς ἰδίοις 1 at the right time ***at the proper time***
TIT 1 3 swi9 figs-metaphor ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ 1 he revealed his word Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “He caused me to understand his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ TIT 1 11 at7c αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν 1 for the sake of sham
TIT 1 12 tr1j τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης 1 One of their own prophets ***A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet***
TIT 1 12 y3zb figs-hyperbole Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται 1 Cretans are always liars ***Cretans lie all the time.*** This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
TIT 1 12 h3jb figs-metaphor κακὰ θηρία 1 evil beasts This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT 1 12 xyz1 figs-synecdoche γαστέρεςἀργαί 1 lazy bellies The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
TIT 1 12 xyz1 figs-synecdoche γαστέρεςἀργαί 1 lazy bellies The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
TIT 1 13 fif8 δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως 1 Therefore, rebuke them severely ***For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them***
TIT 1 13 je3r ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 so that they may be sound in the faith See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
TIT 1 13 xyz2 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 in the faith Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
TIT 2 6 i3hv ὡσαύτως 1 In the same way Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people.
TIT 2 7 x73u σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος 1 present yourself ***show yourself to be*** or ***you yourself must be***
TIT 2 7 ym6x τύπον καλῶν ἔργων 1 as an example of good works ***as an example of one who does right and proper things***
TIT 2 8 xy14 figs-doublet ἀφθορίαν…ὑγιῆ 1 uncorrupted…sound These two words have the same basic meaning. The first (in 2:7) states the meaning negatively: **uncorrupted**, meaning, **without error**, and the second states the meaning positively: **sound, whole**, meaning **correct**. Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning if it is difficult to use two terms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
TIT 2 8 xy14 figs-doublet ὑγιῆ 1 uncorrupted…sound This word ** has the same basic meaning as **uncorrupted** in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: **uncorrupted**, meaning, **without error**, and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: **sound, whole**, meaning **correct**. Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning if it is difficult to use two terms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
TIT 2 8 xt6v figs-hypo ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ 1 so that the opponent may be ashamed This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
TIT 2 8 xy15 figs-inclusive ἡμῶν 1 us This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
TIT 2 9 xyz5 figs-ellipsis δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι 1 Slaves are to be subject to their masters The Greek does not have **are**, but only **slaves to be subject to their masters**. We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is **urge** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
4
TIT
1
1
rtc9
κατὰ πίστιν
1
for the faith
***to strengthen the faith***
5
TIT
1
1
xyz8
figs-abstractnouns
ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας
1
knowledge of the truth
**knowledge** and **truth** are abstract nouns. See the UST for other ways to express these. Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can belong to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6
TIT
1
1
fyf8
τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν
1
that agrees with godliness
***that is suitable for honoring God***
7
TIT
1
2
xyz9
ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίουἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου
1
with the certain hope of everlasting life
***that gives us the certain hope of everlasting life*** or ***based on our certain hope for everlasting life***
8
TIT
1
2
r2gj
πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων
1
before all the ages of time
***before time began***
9
TIT
1
3
b22h
καιροῖς ἰδίοις
1
at the right time
***at the proper time***
10
TIT
1
3
swi9
figs-metaphor
ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ
1
he revealed his word
Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “He caused me to understand his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49
TIT
1
12
tr1j
τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης
1
One of their own prophets
***A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet***
50
TIT
1
12
y3zb
figs-hyperbole
Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται
1
Cretans are always liars
***Cretans lie all the time.*** This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
51
TIT
1
12
h3jb
figs-metaphor
κακὰ θηρία
1
evil beasts
This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52
TIT
1
12
xyz1
figs-synecdoche
γαστέρες ἀργαίγαστέρες ἀργαί
1
lazy bellies
The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
53
TIT
1
13
fif8
δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως
1
Therefore, rebuke them severely
***For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them***
54
TIT
1
13
je3r
ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει
1
so that they may be sound in the faith
See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
55
TIT
1
13
xyz2
figs-abstractnouns
ἐν τῇ πίστει
1
in the faith
Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
83
TIT
2
6
i3hv
ὡσαύτως
1
In the same way
Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people.
84
TIT
2
7
x73u
σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος
1
present yourself
***show yourself to be*** or ***you yourself must be***
85
TIT
2
7
ym6x
τύπον καλῶν ἔργων
1
as an example of good works
***as an example of one who does right and proper things***
86
TIT
2
8
xy14
figs-doublet
ἀφθορίαν…ὑγιῆὑγιῆ
1
uncorrupted…sound
These two words have the same basic meaning. The first (in 2:7) states the meaning negatively: **uncorrupted**, meaning, **without error**, and the second states the meaning positively: **sound, whole**, meaning **correct**. Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning if it is difficult to use two terms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])This word ** has the same basic meaning as **uncorrupted** in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: **uncorrupted**, meaning, **without error**, and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: **sound, whole**, meaning **correct**. Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning if it is difficult to use two terms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
87
TIT
2
8
xt6v
figs-hypo
ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ
1
so that the opponent may be ashamed
This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
88
TIT
2
8
xy15
figs-inclusive
ἡμῶν
1
us
This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
89
TIT
2
9
xyz5
figs-ellipsis
δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι
1
Slaves are to be subject to their masters
The Greek does not have **are**, but only **slaves to be subject to their masters**. We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is **urge** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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Larry Sallee
Gogs