From 2c0403e533edd989aeec949b7eb1be304293df3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Wunrow Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2023 03:25:37 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3312) --- tn_MAT.tsv | 305 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 228 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index 133b3a5004..2cdb876026 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -592,7 +592,6 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:31 evxt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δέ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,” 5:31 dh23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐρρέθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through Moses. Alternate translation: “God commanded” or “Moses said” 5:31 dy9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations ἐρρέθη 1 Here Jesus summarizes a command from the Old Testament scriptures, which can be found in [Deuteronomy 24:1](../deu/24/01.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “it was commanded in the law” -5:31 h5nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **sends his wife away** refers to a man divorcing his wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “separates from his wife” 5:31 mibe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p δότω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he needs to give” 5:31 gagq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀποστάσιον 1 A **certificate of divorce** is a written document that makes the divorce official. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of document, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a written paper that testifies to the divorce” 5:32 nodq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse ([5:31](../05/31.md)). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is making it stronger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Even more,” @@ -2574,7 +2573,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:15 cbzk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” 15:15 omu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative φράσον 1 This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you explain” 15:15 c6r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular φράσον 1 Here, the command is singular because the Peter is speaking to Jesus. -15:15 yqqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν παραβολήν 1 Here Peter could be referring to: (1) the **parable** about blind people guiding other blind people (see [15:14](../15/14.md)). Alternate translation: “the parable about the blind guides” (2) the **parable** about things that go into and out of a person (see [15:11](../15/11.md). Alternate translation: “the parable about what goes into a person” +15:15 yqqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν παραβολήν 1 Here Peter could be referring to: (1) the **parable** about blind people guiding other blind people (see [15:14](../15/14.md)). Alternate translation: “the parable about the blind guides” (2) the **parable** about things that go into and out of a person (see [15:11](../15/11.md)). Alternate translation: “the parable about what goes into a person” 15:15 shg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 By **us**, Peter means himself and the other disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 15:16 txes rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” 15:16 al9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀκμὴν καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples for how they still do not understand what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You are still without understanding.” or “I am amazed that you still do not understand!” @@ -2593,7 +2592,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:19 cv09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τῆς καρδίας 1 The phrase **the heart** represents hearts in general, not one particular heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people’s hearts” 15:19 ekbq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῆς καρδίας 1 See how you translated **heart** in [15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “the mind” or “the thoughts” 15:19 qeit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξέρχονται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go” -15:19 ccfm διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, ψευδομαρτυρίαι, βλασφημίαι 1 Each of the items in this list translates a plural term that refers to specific actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to specific actions. Alternate translation: “acts of evil thinking, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, and blasphemy” +15:19 ccfm διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, ψευδομαρτυρίαι, βλασφημίαι 1 Each of the items in this list translates a plural term that refers to specific actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to specific actions. Alternate translation: “acts of evil thinking, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and blasphemy” 15:19 xjbx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, ψευδομαρτυρίαι, βλασφημίαι 1 If your language does not use nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “evil things that people do, including evil thinking, murdering, acting in adulterous and sexually immoral ways, stealing things, claiming that something false is true, and blaspheming” 15:20 q94l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τὸν ἄνθρωπον & τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 The phrase **the man** represents men in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “someone … someone” 15:20 bme7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπον & ἄνθρωπον 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “person … person” @@ -2686,13 +2685,23 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:39 j06u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐνέβη 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples got” 15:39 eku7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came” 15:39 m8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Μαγαδάν 1 The word **Magadan** could be the name of: (1) a small village. Alternate translation: “of the village of Magadan” (2) a district or area. Alternate translation: “of the district of Magadan” -16:intro za2k 0 # Matthew 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:27)\n * The Pharisees and Sadducees test Jesus (16:1–4)\n * The yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees (16:5–12)\n * Who Jesus really is (16:13–20)\n * What Jesus and his disciples must do (16:21–28)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The sign of Jonah\n\nIn [16:4](../16/04.md), Jesus briefly refers to “the sign of Jonah.” He has already discussed this sign in more detail in [12:39–41](../12/39.md). See the introduction to chapter 12 for more information. Express the idea here as you did there. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/names/jonah]])\n\n### Peter, “this rock,” and the keys of the kingdom\n\nIn [16:18–19](../16/18.md), Jesus tells Peter that he is a rock on which the church will be built and that he has been given the keys to the kingdom of the heavens. It is clear is that Peter is very important for God’s kingdom. However, Christians debate in what way Peter is important. Some think that Peter is primarily important because of what he confessed about Jesus. Others think that Peter and his successors have authority over the church. Others think that Peter himself had authority over the early church but that he did not have any successors. If possible, express the idea in a general way but so that it is clear that Peter supports the church and has some kind of authority.\n\n### The coming of the Son of Man\n\nIn [16:27–28](../16/27.md), Jesus twice refers to how he, the Son of Man, will “come.” The first time (in [16:27](../16/27.md)), Jesus speaks about coming in glory with his angels. In this case, he is almost certainly referring to his second coming, when he will punish or reward everyone for what they have done.\n\nThe second time he refers to his “coming” (in [16:28](../16/28.md)), Jesus speaks about coming “in his kingdom.” Christians debate what he could be referring to. It could be:\n\n1. Jesus’ transfiguration, which Matthew narrates in [17:1–8](../17/01.md)\n2. Jesus’ resurrection and enthronement in heaven\n3. the empowerment and growth of the church\n4. the destruction of Jerusalem\n5. Jesus’ second coming\n6. several of these options together\n\nSince Christians have understood this verse in at least these different ways, if possible your translation should allow for all these options. See the notes on [16:28](../16/28.md) for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees\n\nIn [16:5–12](../16/05.md), Jesus tells his disciples to guard themselves from the “yeast” of the Pharisees and Sadducees. The disciples misunderstand him and think that he is saying something about bread, which they forgot to bring with them. Jesus reminds them that he is not talking about lack of bread, since he has proved twice that he can multiply food. When he repeats that they should guard themselves from the “yeast” of the Pharisees and Sadducees, the disciples realize that Jesus is speaking figuratively about what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. Since the disciples misunderstanding “yeast” is an important part of this passage, you should not explain what “yeast” means when Jesus uses the word. However, make sure that it is clear that “yeast” refers to teachings when Matthew explains the metaphor in [16:12](../16/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### “This rock” and the name Peter\n\nIn [16:18](../16/18.md), Jesus tells Peter that his name is “Peter.” Jesus does this because he wants to comment on what the name “Peter” means, which is “rock.” After saying the name “Peter,” Jesus says that he will build his church “on this rock,” which refers back to the name “Peter.” Consider how you might naturally explain what the name “Peter” means so that your readers understand what Jesus means when he speaks about “this rock.” You could consider using a footnote or explaining the name in the translation itself.\n\n### The keys of the kingdom\n\nIn [16:19](../16/19.md), Jesus promises that he will give “the keys of the kingdom of the heavens” to Peter. This could mean that Peter will control who enters the kingdom and who does not enter the kingdom. Or, it could mean that Peter has a position of authority within the kingdom. Since Christians debate exactly what the “keys” mean, if possible you should preserve the metaphor or express the idea in a general way. See the notes on the verse for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to the disciples. Because of this, the majority of forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Verses 2b–3\n\nSome of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [16:2b–3](../16/02.md). Some early manuscripts and many later manuscripts include the following words: “[2b] When it is evening, you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red.’ [3] And in early morning, ‘It will be stormy, for the sky is red, being overcast.’ You know to interpret the face of the sky, but the signs of the times you are not able.” Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT includes them in a footnote, and the UST does not include them at all. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote. +16:intro za2k 0 # Matthew 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:27)\n * The Pharisees and Sadducees test Jesus (16:1–4)\n * The yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees (16:5–12)\n * Who Jesus really is (16:13–20)\n * What Jesus and his disciples must do (16:21–28)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The sign of Jonah\n\nIn [16:4](../16/04.md), Jesus briefly refers to “the sign of Jonah.” He has already discussed this sign in more detail in [12:39–41](../12/39.md). See the introduction to chapter 12 for more information. Express the idea here as you did there. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/names/jonah]])\n\n### Peter, “this rock,” and the keys of the kingdom\n\nIn [16:18–19](../16/18.md), Jesus tells Peter that he is a rock on which the church will be built and that he has been given the keys to the kingdom of the heavens. It is clear is that Peter is very important for God’s kingdom. However, Christians debate in what way Peter is important. Some think that Peter is primarily important because of what he confessed about Jesus. Others think that Peter and his successors have authority over the church. Others think that Peter himself had authority over the early church but that he did not have any successors. If possible, express the idea in a general way but so that it is clear that Peter supports the church and has some kind of authority.\n\n### The coming of the Son of Man\n\nIn [16:27–28](../16/27.md), Jesus twice refers to how he, the Son of Man, will “come.” The first time (in [16:27](../16/27.md)), Jesus speaks about coming in glory with his angels. In this case, he is almost certainly referring to his second coming, when he will punish or reward everyone for what they have done.\n\nThe second time he refers to his “coming” (in [16:28](../16/28.md)), Jesus speaks about coming “in his kingdom.” Christians debate what he could be referring to. It could be:\n\n1. Jesus’ transfiguration, which Matthew narrates in [17:1–8](../17/01.md)\n2. Jesus’ resurrection and enthronement in heaven\n3. the empowerment and growth of the church\n4. the destruction of Jerusalem\n5. Jesus’ second coming\n6. several of these options together\n\nSince Christians have understood this verse in at least these different ways, if possible your translation should allow for all these options. See the notes on [16:28](../16/28.md) for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees\n\nIn [16:5–12](../16/05.md), Jesus tells his disciples to guard themselves from the “yeast” of the Pharisees and Sadducees. The disciples misunderstand him and think that he is saying something about bread, which they forgot to bring with them. Jesus reminds them that he is not talking about lack of bread, since he has proved twice that he can multiply food. When he repeats that they should guard themselves from the “yeast” of the Pharisees and Sadducees, the disciples realize that Jesus is speaking figuratively about what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. Since the disciples misunderstanding “yeast” is an important part of this passage, you should not explain what “yeast” means when Jesus uses the word. However, make sure that it is clear that “yeast” refers to teachings when Matthew explains the metaphor in [16:12](../16/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### “This rock” and the name Peter\n\nIn [16:18](../16/18.md), Jesus tells Peter that his name is “Peter.” Jesus does this because he wants to comment on what the name “Peter” means, which is “rock.” After saying the name “Peter,” Jesus says that he will build his church “on this rock,” which refers back to the name “Peter.” Consider how you might naturally explain what the name “Peter” means so that your readers understand what Jesus means when he speaks about “this rock.” You could consider using a footnote or explaining the name in the translation itself.\n\n### The keys of the kingdom\n\nIn [16:19](../16/19.md), Jesus promises that he will give “the keys of the kingdom of the heavens” to Peter. This could mean that Peter will control who enters the kingdom and who does not enter the kingdom. Or, it could mean that Peter has a position of authority within the kingdom. Since Christians debate exactly what the “keys” mean, if possible you should preserve the metaphor or express the idea in a general way. See the notes on the verse for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to the disciples. Because of this, the majority of forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Verses 2b–3\n\nSome of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [16:2b–3](../16/02.md). Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT and UST put them in brackets. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT and omit these words. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote. 16:1 l9h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” 16:1 syka rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal προσελθόντες & πειράζοντες 1 Here, the word **testing** introduces the purpose for which the Pharisees and Sadducees **approached** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “having approached with the goal of testing him” 16:1 t7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπιδεῖξαι αὐτοῖς 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “asked him, ‘Show us a sign from heaven!’” 16:1 vs9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 The implication is that the Pharisees and Sadducees wanted Jesus to do a miracle to prove that his authority came from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a sign from heaven that proved that his authority was from God” 16:1 eukn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **from heaven** indicates that the **sign** originates in **heaven**, where God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from heaven, where God rules” or “that comes from the place where God is” -16:2-3 ubk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants 0 See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include [16:2b–3](../16/02.md) in your translation. +16:2-3 ubk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ὀψίας γενομένης λέγετε, εὐδία; πυρράζει γὰρ ὁ οὐρανός. & καὶ πρωΐ, σήμερον χειμών; πυρράζει γὰρ στυγνάζων ὁ οὐρανός. τὸ μὲν πρόσωπον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ γινώσκετε διακρίνειν τὰ δὲ σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν οὐ δύνασθε? 1 See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include [16:2b–3](../16/02.md) in your translation. The notes below discuss translation issues in these verses, for those who decide to include them. +16:2 e057 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε, εὐδία; πυρράζει γὰρ ὁ οὐρανός 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that it will be fair weather, for the sky is red.” +16:2 tda2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result εὐδία; πυρράζει γὰρ ὁ οὐρανός 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The sky is red, so it will be fair weather” +16:2 lp67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐδία 1 Here the people speaking are implying that the **fair weather** will take place on the next day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “fair weather tomorrow” +16:3 rl8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes πρωΐ, σήμερον χειμών; πυρράζει γὰρ στυγνάζων ὁ οὐρανός 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “in early morning you say that today will be stormy, for the sky is red, being overcast.” +16:3 r5tb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πρωΐ, σήμερον 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “in early morning, you say, ‘Today” +16:3 f2eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result σήμερον χειμών; πυρράζει γὰρ στυγνάζων ὁ οὐρανός 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The sky is red, being overcast, so today will be stormy” +16:3 k6w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸ & πρόσωπον 1 Here Jesus speaks as if the **sky** had a **face**. He is referring to how the sky looks from the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the appearance” or “the look” +16:3 kd67 τὰ δὲ σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν οὐ δύνασθε 1 This clause could be: (1) a statement that rebukes the Pharisees and Sadducees. Alternate translation: “but you are not able to interpret the signs of the time.” (2) a rhetorical question that rebukes the Pharisees and the Sadducees. Alternate translation: “but are you not able to interpret the signs of the times?” +16:3 e5yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὰ & σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν 1 Here, Jesus could be using the possessive form to describe **signs** that: (1) happen during the **times**. Alternate translation: “the signs that are happening during these times” (2) indicate that specific **times** have arrived. Alternate translation: “the signs that show that the times are here” +16:3 hu1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐ δύνασθε 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you are not able to interpret” 16:4 jl3e γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ, καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ 1 What Jesus says here is identical to what he said in [12:39](../12/39.md) except for the phrase “the prophet” before the name **Jonah**. Translate this sentence as you did in [12:39](../12/39.md). 16:4 fhx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the Pharisees and Sadducees who had asked for a sign (see [16:1](../16/01.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people who asked him for a sign” or “those Pharisees and Sadducees” 16:4 d9eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went away” @@ -3026,6 +3035,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 18:8 qxou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σου & σου & σε & σοῦ & σοί 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. If you do so, you may also need to make some other words plural. 18:8 rios rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were stumbling. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes you to sin” 18:8 gqi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἔκκοψον αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ 1 Here Jesus provides the most extreme response to sinning. He does not mean that this should be the normal way to deal with sin. You should preserve the extreme language Jesus uses, but use a form that indicates that this is the most extreme example. See how you translated the similar constructions in [5:29–30](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “if necessary you should even cut it off and throw it away from you!” +18:8 bozd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **life** were a house into which someone could **enter**. He is referring to experiencing or receiving **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to experience life” or “to receive life” 18:8 g9rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be able to live” 18:8 pc4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν ζωὴν 1 Here Jesus implies that this **life** is everlasting or undying life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “true life” or “everlasting life” 18:8 lhk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive βληθῆναι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you” @@ -3035,6 +3045,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 18:9 l4qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σου & σε & σοῦ & σοί 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. If you do so, you may also need to make some other words plural. 18:9 q7tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were stumbling. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “causes you to sin” 18:9 xad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἔξελε αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ 1 Here Jesus provides the most extreme response to sinning. He does not mean that this should be the normal way to deal with sin. You should preserve the extreme language Jesus uses, but use a form that indicates that this is the most extreme example. See how you translated the similar construction in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “if necessary you should even pluck it out and throw it away from you!” +18:9 u4id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **life** were a house into which someone could **enter**. He is referring to experiencing or receiving **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “to experience life” or “to receive life” 18:9 eii2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be able to live” 18:9 m8as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν ζωὴν 1 Here Jesus implies that this **life** is everlasting or undying life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. See how you translated the idea in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “true life” or “everlasting life” 18:9 r1ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive βληθῆναι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you” @@ -3194,79 +3205,219 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 18:35 z6im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brother or sister” to indicate this. 18:35 q8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person αὐτοῦ 1 Since Jesus has already referred to **each of you**, if it would be helpful in your language you could continue to refer to these people in the second person. Alternate translation: “your” 18:35 mzn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπὸ τῶν καρδιῶν ὑμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **out of your heart** indicates that the person has done something sincerely or completely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wholeheartedly” or “sincerely” -19:intro ewl5 0 # Matthew 19 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Divorce\n\nJesus taught about divorce because the Pharisees wanted people to think Jesus’ teachings about divorce were wrong ([19:3-12](./03.md)). Jesus talked about what God had first said about marriage when he created it.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Metonymy\n\nJesus often says the word “heaven” when he wants his hearers to think of God, who lives in heaven ([1:12](../mat/01/12.md)). -19:1 nj6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 Matthew uses this verse to introduce a new event in the story. -19:1 bw17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 The phrase translated **when Jesus had finished these words** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “after Jesus said all of these things” -19:1 c5j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐτέλεσεν & τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 Here, **these words** refers to what Jesus taught starting in [18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “had finished teaching these things” -19:4 ncb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ὁ ποιήσας ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the Pharisees. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have certainly read that the one having made them from the beginning made them male and female” -19:5 n8zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations καὶ εἶπεν 1 Here, Jesus quotes a quotation from [Genesis 2:23](../gen/02/23.md). Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and Moses wrote what he said, saying” -19:5 xc7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion καὶ εἶπεν, ἕνεκα τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν? 1 This verse is the second part of the rhetorical question that Jesus began in the previous verse. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. -19:5 q71w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes καὶ εἶπεν, ἕνεκα τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν? 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and said that on account of this, a man will leave his father and mother and will be joined to his wife, and the two will be one flesh” -19:5 af1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will come together with his wife” -19:5 a45k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **he will be joined to his wife** is an idiom that could mean (1) a sexual union. Alternate translation: “he will have sexual union with his wife” (2) he will be associated closely with his wife. Alternate translation: “he will live with his wife” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. -19:5 m83j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν 1 Here, two people, a man and woman, are spoken of as if they can become one person. They do not actually become one person, but are so close to each other that it Is as if they are one person. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the two will become like one flesh” -19:5 vs06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy σάρκα 1 Jesus is using the term **flesh** to mean body. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “body” -19:6 m4b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο, ἀλλὰ σὰρξ μία 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in the previous verse. -19:6 gex5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy σὰρξ 1 See how you translated **flesh** in the previous verse. -19:6 ahoc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπος 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “a person” to indicate this. -19:7 tv3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τί οὖν Μωϋσῆς ἐνετείλατο δοῦναι βιβλίον ἀποστασίου 1 Moses did not tell the people to divorce their wives, but he gave the men a way to do it if they insisted. This might be confusing to your readers, as it might sound like Moses is telling the people to divorce their wives. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Why did Moses permit us to give a certificate of divorce” -19:7 xml9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown βιβλίον ἀποστασίου 1 A **certificate of divorce** is a document that legally ends a marriage. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. -19:8 j6tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι Μωϋσῆς πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν, ἐπέτρεψεν ὑμῖν ἀπολῦσαι τὰς γυναῖκας ὑμῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Moses permitted you to send away your wives because of your hardness of heart” -19:8 zu87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν 1 The phrase **hardness of heart** is a metaphor that means stubbornness. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Because you are so stubborn” -19:8 mgx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς 1 Jesus is using the phrase **from the beginning** to mean when God created man and woman. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when God created man and woman,” -19:9 eq8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ὃς 1 The word **whoever** represents people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a person who” -19:9 i1u0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ μὴ ἐπὶ πορνείᾳ, καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται; καὶ ὁ ἀπολελυμένην γαμήσας μοιχᾶται 1 If it would in appear your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only if someone divorces his wife because she was sexually immoral does he not commit adultery when he marries another woman” -19:9 yl3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis γαμήσῃ ἄλλην 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “marries another woman” -19:9 ps45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants καὶ ὁ ἀπολελυμένην γαμήσας μοιχᾶται 1 Many early texts do not include these words. -19:11 h3a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἷς δέδοται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “the ones to whom God has given it” -19:12 m1r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εἰσὶν εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνουχίσθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “there are eunuchs whom men made eunuchs” -19:12 g4bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς 1 This could mean: (1) Jesus is referring to men who have **made themselves eunuchs** by removing their sexual organs, as represented in the UST. (2) Jesus is referring to men who choose to remain unmarried and sexually pure. Alternate translation: “eunuchs who remain unmarried” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. -19:12 r78n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “in order to serve God, who rules as king from heaven” -19:13 wjb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent τότε 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nMatthew is using the word translated **Then** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. -19:13 wu52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive προσηνέχθησαν αὐτῷ παιδία 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “some people brought little children to him” -19:14 m219 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ κωλύετε 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate the double negative **do not forbid**. Alternate translation: “allow them” -19:14 kifm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἄφετε τὰ παιδία καὶ μὴ κωλύετε αὐτὰ ἐλθεῖν πρός με 1 The phrases **Permit the little children** and **do not forbid** mean the same thing. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “You should allow the little children to come to me” -19:14 l1bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [19:12](../19/12.md). -19:17 sce3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί με ἐρωτᾷς περὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the young man. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me about what is good!” -19:17 d4sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς ἐστιν ὁ ἀγαθός 1 When Jesus says **One is good**, he is referring to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God alone is good” -19:17 d7fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν 1 Here, **to enter into life** is an idiom that means to gain eternal life. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to gain eternal life” +19:intro ewl5 0 # Matthew 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n * Jesus goes to Judea (19:1–2)\n * Jesus teaches about marriage and divorce (19:3–12)\n * Jesus blesses little children (19:13–15)\n * Jesus talks with a young man (19:16–22)\n * Jesus teaches about wealth, possessions, and the kingdom (19:23–30)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Divorce\n\nIn [19:3](../19/03.md), the Pharisees test Jesus by asking him about an issue that was controversial among Jewish religious leaders: divorce. More specifically, the religious leaders argued about what were acceptable grounds for a divorce. So, they ask Jesus about this. Jesus responds that divorce is never what God wants, and he quotes from Genesis 1 and 2 to prove this. In response, the Pharisees refer to [Deuteronomy 24:1–4](../deu/24/01.md), which assumes that men do divorce their wives. Jesus replies that this section of the Law exists only because the Israelites were stubborn. He means that God knew that the Israelite men would sometimes divorce their wives, so he included a law about how to do it. Jesus then states that the only acceptable ground for a divorce is sexual immorality. He further says that any divorced person who marries again is involved in adultery. Make sure that it is clear that both Jesus and the Pharisees are making arguments based on the Scriptures.\n\n### Eunuchs\n\nThe word “eunuch” refers to a man who is unable to reproduce. People in Jesus’ culture knew about two types of eunuchs:\n\n\n1. some eunuchs were men who underwent a surgery in which parts of their genitals were removed. This kept them from being able to reproduce. These eunuchs were often important servants of kings and rulers, often serving in the harem.\n2. some eunuchs were men who were born with genitals that were already unable to reproduce.\n\nIn [19:12](../19/12.md), Jesus refers to both of these kinds of eunuchs. Then he refers to “eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs because of the kingdom of the heavens.” Here he is referring to people who live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom. Consider how you might naturally refer to “eunuchs” in your language.\n\n### Rich people and the kingdom of the heavens\n\nIn Jesus’ culture, many people thought that rich people had been specifically blessed by God. When Jesus said that it was extremely difficult for rich people to enter God’s kingdom (see [19:23–24](../19/23.md)), the disciples were shocked. They thought that if it was hard for rich people to enter the kingdom, it would be impossible for everyone else. That is why they ask the question, “Who then is able to be saved?” ([19:25](../19/25.md)). If your readers might not understand why the disciples respond in this way, you may need to include a footnote that explains some of this information.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees or to his disciples. This means that Jesus frequently uses plural forms of “you.” In this chapter, you should assume that forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n +19:1 nj6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory καὶ ἐγένετο, ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς λόγους τούτους, μετῆρεν 1 These clauses mark the end of Jesus’ teaching by stating that Jesus finished speaking to his disciples and then describing what he did next. Use a natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. Alternate translation: “At that time, Jesus finished speaking these words. Then, he departed”\n +19:1 c5j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 The disciples is using the term **words** to refer to what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaking these words” +19:1 b7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετῆρεν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he and his disciples departed” +19:1 bw17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went” +19:1 ixko rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου 1 Here, the phrase **beyond the Jordan** could refer to: (1) areas to the west of the Jordan River. In this case, Matthew means that Jesus traveled on the eastern side of the Jordan River and then went back across it to reach **Judea**. Alternate translation: “on the western side of the Jordan” (2) areas to the east of the Jordan River. In this case, Matthew means that some areas on the eastern side of the Jordan River could be called **Judea**. Alternate translation: “on the eastern side of the Jordan” +19:2 uqqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐτοὺς 1 Here Matthew implies that Jesus **healed** the people who were sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “those who had diseases” +19:3 o7dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal προσῆλθον αὐτῷ & πειράζοντες αὐτὸν καὶ λέγοντες 1 Here, the word **testing** introduces the purpose for which some **Pharisees approached** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “approached him with the goal of testing him, saying” +19:3 h7ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγοντες, εἰ ἔξεστιν ἀνθρώπῳ ἀπολῦσαι τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ κατὰ πᾶσαν αἰτίαν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?’” +19:4-5 ncb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ὁ ποιήσας ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς & καὶ εἶπεν, ἕνεκα τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke and teach the Pharisees. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you have read that the one having made them from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ and said, ‘Because of this, a man will leave his father and mother and will be joined to his wife, and the two will be one flesh.’” or “Surely you have read that the one having made them from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ and said, ‘Because of this, a man will leave his father and mother and will be joined to his wife, and the two will be one flesh’!” +19:4 g7sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε 1 Here Jesus refers to reading something in the Scriptures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Have you not read in the Scriptures” +19:4 k2l0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ ποιήσας ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς 1 Here, the phrase **the one having made** refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the one having made them from the beginning, God,” +19:4 yjd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς 1 Here, the phrase **from the beginning** refers to when God created everything that exists. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of the world” or “at the beginning of creation” +19:4 h71a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς 1 Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Genesis 1:27](../gen/01/27.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “from the beginning, in the words of the Scriptures, ‘made them male and female’” +19:5 n8zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations καὶ εἶπεν 1 Here Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Genesis (see [Genesis 2:24](../gen/02/24.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “and said, as you can read in the book of Genesis,” or “and said in the Scriptures” +19:5 xc7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἕνεκα τούτου 1 The pronoun **this** refers to what the previous verse includes about how God created people male and female (see [19:4](../19/04.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those ideas more directly. Alternate translation: “Because God created people that way” +19:5 kwz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος 1 Here the author of the quotation implies that this happens when the **man** gets married. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when he gets married, a man will leave” +19:5 qsh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense καταλείψει & κολληθήσεται & ἔσονται 1 Here Jesus uses the future tense to speak about something that is generally true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is most naturally for expressing a general truth. Alternate translation: “leaves … is joined … are” +19:5 af1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will join himself to his wife” or “will unite with his wife” +19:5 m83j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν 1 Here the author of the quotation speaks as if **the two** are **one flesh**. He means that a husband and wife are so closely **joined** that it is as if they had one **flesh** or one body between them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the two will be like one flesh” or “the two will be as closely united as possible”\n +19:5 vs06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ δύο 1 Jesus is using the number **two** as a noun to refer to a husband and a wife together. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the two of them” or “the two spouses” +19:6 khz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὥστε 1 Here, the phrase **So then** introduces a conclusion or inference based on the words Jesus has just quoted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a conclusion or inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that” or “As you can see” +19:6 m4b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο, ἀλλὰ σὰρξ μία 1 Here Jesus repeats in different form the words from the figure of speech at the end of the previous verse (see [19:5](../19/05.md)). He means that a husband and wife are so closely **joined** that it is as if they had one **flesh** or one body between them. Express the idea as you did in [19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “it is as if they are no longer two, but they are like one flesh” or “they are no longer two separate people, but are as closely united as possible” +19:6 gex5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a conclusion or inference based on what Jesus has said about marriage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a conclusion or inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that” or “So then” +19:6 ieh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “man should not separate” +19:6 ahoc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπος 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person” or “humans” +19:7 enjl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said” +19:7 w93e rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result τί οὖν 1 Here, the phrase **Why then** indicates that the Pharisees are asking a question based on what Jesus has just said. This question suggests that there is evidence against what Jesus has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of question. Alternate translation: “If you are correct, why” +19:7 tv3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τί οὖν Μωϋσῆς ἐνετείλατο δοῦναι βιβλίον ἀποστασίου καὶ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν 1 Here the Pharisees are referring to a specific section in the law that God gave to Moses (see [Deuteronomy 24:1–4](../deu/24/01.md)). This passage discusses divorce and remarriage, and it mentions the use of **a certificate of divorce**. The Pharisees interpreted this passage to mean that men could divorce their wives, but they had to use **a certificate of divorce**. They did not think that **Moses commanded** that men must divorce their wives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some of this information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Why then has Moses commanded in the Law that a man who wants to divorce his wife must give her a certificate of divorce and then can divorce her” +19:7 xml9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown βιβλίον ἀποστασίου 1 A **certificate of divorce** is a written document that makes the divorce official. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of document, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated this phrase in [5:31](../05/31.md). Alternate translation: “a written paper that testifies to the divorce” +19:8 j6tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said” +19:8 zu87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **your hardness of heart** refers to obstinacy or unwillingness to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Because you are hardheaded” or “Because you are so stubborn” +19:8 mgx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς 1 Here, the phrase **from the beginning** refers to when God created everything that exists. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated this phrase in [19:4](../19/04.md). Alternate translation: “at the beginning of the world” or “at the beginning of creation” +19:9 xu7v 0 This verse is similar to [5:32](../05/32.md), although there are some significant differences. See how you translated that verse for help with this verse. +19:9 t7q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus wishes to say about divorce in contrast to what Moses permitted (see [19:8](../19/08.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” +19:9 ikim λέγω & ὑμῖν 1 Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** this to emphasize what he is telling the Pharisees. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know” +19:9 i1u0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ μὴ ἐπὶ πορνείᾳ, καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται 1 If it would appear in your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only time a man is allowed to divorce his wife is when there is sexual immorality. Otherwise, when he divorces her and marries another, he commits adultery” +19:9 eq8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πορνείᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **immorality**, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is sexually immoral” or “sexually immoral behavior” +19:9 yl3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἄλλην 1 Jesus is using the adjective **another** as a noun to mean another woman. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “another person” +19:9 e2q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μοιχᾶται -1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “becomes an adulterer … becomes an adulterer” or “does what is adulterous … does what is adulterous” +19:9 ps45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants καὶ ὁ ἀπολελυμένην γαμήσας μοιχᾶται 1 Many ancient manuscripts include the words “and the one having married one that has been divorced commits adultery.” The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts do not include these words. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +19:9 ga4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀπολελυμένην 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the woman’s husband. Alternate translation: “one whom her husband has divorced” +19:10 nkab rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +19:10 augz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὕτως 1 Here, the word **thus** refers to what Jesus has said about divorce and remarriage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what you have described” or “what you have commanded” +19:10 ys0h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ αἰτία τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός 1 Here, the word **reason** could refer to: (1) the basis on which a **man** can divorce **his wife**. Alternate translation: “the only reason for a man to divorce his wife” (2) the accusation against a **man** who divorces **his wife**. Alternate translation: “the charge against a man who divorces his wife” (3) the situation or relationship between a **man** and **his wife**. Alternate translation: “the situation of a man with his wife” +19:10 f527 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός 1 The words **the man** and **his wife** represents men and their wives in general, not one particular man and his wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “of any man with his wife” +19:11 o403 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +19:11 p6v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πάντες 1 Jesus is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all people” +19:11 xrdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν λόγον τοῦτον 1 Here, the phrase **this word** could refer to: (1) what the disciples just said. Alternate translation: “the word you have just said” (2) what Jesus previously said about divorce and remarriage. Alternate translation: “the word I have taught” or “this word about divorce” +19:11 tilc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον τοῦτον 1 Jesus is using the term **word** to refer to what someone said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Make sure your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “what has just been said” or “what you spoke” +19:11 hzw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ οἷς δέδοται 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but those to whom it has been given receive it” +19:11 h3a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δέδοται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God has given it” +19:12 vy4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of what Jesus said about how only some people can “receive” what the disciples said (see [19:11](../19/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “More specifically,” or “Indeed,” +19:12 juc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἵτινες ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς ἐγεννήθησαν οὕτως 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose mothers gave birth to them thus” +19:12 pxsj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς 1 Here, the phrase **from their mother’s womb** indicates that these people were **eunuchs** already when they **were born**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from their birth” or “from the beginning of their lives” +19:12 m1r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἵτινες εὐνουχίσθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom men made eunuchs” +19:12 z7t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humans” +19:12 g4bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς 1 Here Jesus speaks as if people physically **made themselves eunuchs** in order to describe people who live like eunuchs, that is, they do not marry or have children. Since this is an important metaphor in the context, if possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “people like eunuchs who made themselves that way” or “people who made themselves like eunuchs” +19:12 p6c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ 1 Here, the phrase **because of** could mean that: (1) they are making themselves eunuchs in order to act for or in service of **the kingdom of the heavens**. Alternate translation: “for the sake of” or “in order to work for” (2) they are making themselves eunuchs in order to enter **the kingdom of the heavens**. Alternate translation: “to participate in” or “in order to enter” +19:12 r78n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ὁ δυνάμενος χωρεῖν, χωρείτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one being to accept this must accept it” +19:12 n3ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations χωρείτω 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “let that person accept it” +19:13 wjb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent τότε 1 Here, the word **Then** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Then** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Sometime later,” +19:13 wu52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive προσηνέχθησαν & παιδία 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “they brought little children to” +19:13 a3wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιθῇ αὐτοῖς 1 In Matthew’s culture, when Jesus **would lay his hands** on the little children, that would express God’s love for them and convey God’s blessing to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what laying **his hands on them** means. Alternate translation: “he would stretch out his hands toward them” or “he would lay his hands on them to bless them” +19:13 hjw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσεύξηται 1 Here the people who brought the little children want Jesus to **pray** that God would bless the children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “would pray for God to bless them” +19:13 dm6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 2 The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were bringing the little children. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people who were bringing the little children” +19:14 l7op rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus said in contrast to what the disciples were doing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” +19:14 kifm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἄφετε τὰ παιδία καὶ μὴ κωλύετε αὐτὰ ἐλθεῖν πρός με 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two clauses. Alternate translation: “Permit the little children; yes, do not forbid them to come to me” or “Permit the little children to come to me”\n +19:14 m219 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθεῖν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “to go” +19:14 l1bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the little children should be permitted to come to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “which I command because” +19:14 ukdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῶν & τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe people who belong in **the kingdom of the heavens**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. See how you translated the similar construction in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens belongs to the ones such as these” or “the ones such as these belong in the kingdom of the heavens” +19:14 wf1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τῶν & τοιούτων 1 The pronoun **these** refers to the little children. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the little children more directly. Alternate translation: “of the ones such as these little children” +19:14 iizn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile τῶν & τοιούτων 1 Jesus is referring to **the little children** and to people who are like them. He does not indicate exactly how these people are like **the little children**, so if possible express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “of people who are like these” +19:15 tbgb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῖς 1 In Matthew’s culture, when Jesus **laid his hands** on the little children, that expressed God’s love for them and conveyed God’s blessing to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what **having laid his hands on them** means. See how you translated the similar phrase in [19:13](../19/13.md). Alternate translation: “having stretched out his hands toward them” or “having laid his hands on them to bless them” +19:15 iod4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκεῖθεν 1 Here, the word **there** refers to the place where Jesus **laid his hands** on the little children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from where he did that” +19:16 deyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly” +19:16 w4nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς 1 Matthew is using the number **one** as a noun to mean one person. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “one man” +19:16 uxhv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σχῶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I might live eternally” +19:17 ffgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +19:17 nt0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ὁ & εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus, and the pronoun **him** refers to the man who asked Jesus the question. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to the man” +19:17 sce3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί με ἐρωτᾷς περὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the man. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Do not ask me about what is good.” or “You should not ask me about what is good!” +19:17 pxak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἐρωτᾷς & θέλεις & τήρησον 1 Throughout this verse, the word **you** and the command are singular because Jesus is speaking to the young man. +19:17 d4sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς ἐστιν ὁ ἀγαθός 1 When Jesus says **One is good**, he is referring to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “One is good, that is, God” or “God alone is good” +19:17 o0ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 2 Here, the word **But** indicates that Jesus is about to stop analyzing what the man said and will go on to answer the man’s question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that signals this kind of transition, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “but about what you asked,” or “but as for your question,” +19:17 pkif rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ 1 Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it is true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “because” +19:17 j9z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **life** were a house into which someone could **enter**. He is referring to experiencing or receiving **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to experience life” or “to receive life” +19:17 d7fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be able to live” +19:18-19 c3dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations τὸ οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις, & τίμα τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ, ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 Here Jesus quotes commands from the law that God gave to Moses. The first five commands come from either [Exodus 20:12–16](../exo/20/12.md) or [Deuteronomy 5:16–20](../deu/05/16.md). The last command comes from [Leviticus 19:18](../lev/19/18.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “These are the ones: ‘Do not kill, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not testify falsely, honor your father and your mother, and love your neighbor as yourself’” +19:18 esoj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns λέγει αὐτῷ 1 The pronoun **He** refers to the man, and the pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “The man says to Jesus” +19:18 a5yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said” +19:18 ogqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις 1 Since in these commands God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the commands are singular. +19:18 zl5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns οὐ μοιχεύσεις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “do not be an adulterer or adulteress” or “do not do what is adulterous” +19:19 szjo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular τίμα τὸν & τὴν & ἀγαπήσεις & σου 1 Since in these commands God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the word **your** and the commands are singular throughout this verse. +19:19 ggpw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὡς σεαυτόν 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “as you love yourself” +19:19 d5vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὡς σεαυτόν 1 Jesus assumes that people love themselves, so he wants these people to love their neighbors just as much. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as deeply as yourself” +19:20 oqol rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +19:20 fxyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τί ἔτι ὑστερῶ 1 Here, the man is asking about what he lacks in order to gain what he wants, which is eternal life (see [19:16](../19/16.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “What do I still lack before receiving eternal life” +19:21 e4vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ 1 Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that he knows it is true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Because” +19:21 gunb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular θέλεις & ὕπαγε πώλησόν σου & δὸς & ἕξεις & δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει 1 Throughout this verse, the word **you**, the word **your**, and the commands are singular because Jesus is speaking to the young man. 19:21 zic9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πτωχοῖς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **poor** as a noun to mean poor people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to people who are poor” -19:21 e4vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἕξεις θησαυρὸν ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 The phrase **treasure in the heavens** is a metaphor that refers to the reward of living with God forever. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly, as in the UST. -19:21 ndjb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Jesus is using the term **follow me** to mean “be one of my disciples.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be one of my disciples” -19:22 ql5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὁ νεανίσκος τὸν λόγον, ἀπῆλθεν λυπούμενος, ἦν γὰρ ἔχων κτήματα πολλά 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “the young man … had many possessions, so he went away being grieved” -19:23 vh98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πλούσιος 1 Jesus is using the adjective **rich** as a noun to mean rich people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are rich” -19:23 ean2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy δυσκόλως εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [19:12](../19/12.md). -19:24 c8l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole εὐκοπώτερόν ἐστιν κάμηλον διὰ τρήματος ῥαφίδος διελθεῖν ἢ πλούσιον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ 1 Jesus says **it is easier for a camel to pass through an eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “it would be easier for a large object to pass through a very small hole than for a rich person to enter into the kingdom of God” -19:24 dip3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τρήματος ῥαφίδος 1 Here, **eye of a needle** is referring to the small hole in a needle used for sewing fabric. Your language and culture may have a term for this which you could use in your translation. Or, you can use a general statement. Alternate translation: “a tiny hole” -19:25 x1at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τίς ἄρα δύναται σωθῆναι? 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “Who then will God save” -19:26 s7ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But on the other hand,” -19:26 zsp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “people” to indicate this. -19:27 yp3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν πάντα 1 Peter is using the adjective **everything** as a noun to mean all of their possessions. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “everything which belongs to us” -19:28 j89c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ 1 Jesus is using the phrase **in the renewal** to mean the time when God will recreate the world without any sin in it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the time when God recreates the world with no sin in it,” -19:28 gey2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὅταν καθίσῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form as in the UST. -19:28 sx2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy καθίσῃ & ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is using the term **throne** to mean when he is going to rule as king. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “rules over the world as king” -19:28 rx2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy καθήσεσθε καὶ & ἐπὶ δώδεκα θρόνους 1 See how you translated “throne” in the previous note. -19:28 ci3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὰς δώδεκα φυλὰς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 Jesus is using the term **tribes** to mean the people who belong to those tribes. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people who belong to each of the 12 tribes of Israel” -19:29 gq8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀνόματός 1 Jesus is using the term **name** to mean his entire person. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for my sake” -19:29 z8wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει 1 Here, to **inherit eternal life** is an idiom that means that God will allow them to live forever with him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God will allow them to live forever with him” -19:30 u8p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι & ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι 1 Jesus is using the terms **first** and **last** to mean people’s importance in the world. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. -19:30 hnm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πολλοὶ δὲ ἔσονται πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι, καὶ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “But many whom the world considers most important will be last, and many whom the world considers least important will be first” -20:intro z39h 0 # Matthew 20 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The parable of the landowner and his vineyard\n\nJesus tells this parable ([20:1-16](./01.md)) to teach his disciples that what God says is right is different from what people say is right. -20:1 q9qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὁμοία γάρ ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 This is the beginning of a parable. See how you translated a similar introduction to a parable in [13:24](../13/24.md). -20:2 iwk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηναρίου τὴν ἡμέραν 1 A **denarius** was a coin equal to a day’s wage for a laborer. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “a day’s wage” -20:3 s8ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περὶ τρίτην ὥραν 1 Here, **the third hour** is about 9 o’clock in the morning. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “about 9 o'clock in the morning” -20:3 bki1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τρίτην ὥραν 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “at hour three” -20:3 q3b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἀγορᾷ 1 A **marketplace** is an outdoor area were people buy and sell food and other goods. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the place where people go to buy food” -20:5 j3zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οἱ δὲ ἀπῆλθον 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the people standing in the marketplace. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “The people who were standing in the marketplace went to the vineyard” -20:5 pip4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περὶ ἕκτην καὶ ἐνάτην ὥραν 1 The **sixth** hour is around noon. The **ninth** hour is around three in the afternoon. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “about noon and three in the afternoon” -20:8 wq8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ ἐπιτρόπῳ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **manager** is referring to a worker who told the other workers what to do. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “his manager, who was in charge of the workers” -20:8 x6iv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων 1 Here, **last** and **first** are referring to the **workers**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “having begun from the workers who came last and then paying the workers who came first” -20:9 gpkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 See how you translated **denarius** in [20:2](../20/02.md). -20:10 d2bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 See how you translated **denarius** in the previous verse. -20:12 vy87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τοῖς βαστάσασι τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν καύσωνα 1 Here, **the ones having borne the burden** is an idiom that means those who did the most work. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones having done the most work for the day in the intense heat” -20:13 qbu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχὶ δηναρίου συνεφώνησάς μοι 1 The landowner is using the question form to challenge the workers who are grumbling against him. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You certainly agreed with me for a denarius!” -20:15 h3uh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ ἔξεστίν μοι, ὃ θέλω ποιῆσαι ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς? 1 The landowner is using the question form to challenge the workers. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is surely lawful for me to do what I desire with my money!” -20:15 dus3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἢ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἀγαθός εἰμι? 1 The landowner is using the question form to challenge the workers. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your eye is certainly evil because I am good!” +19:21 hsmw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2 Here, the word **and** introduces the result that will follow if the man does sell his possessions and **give to the poor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “and as a result” +19:21 ndjb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Here, the phrase **come, follow me** is a command to travel with Jesus and be his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be my disciple” or “come with me as my student”\n +19:22 ufnr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +19:22 ql5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 Here, **word** represents what Jesus just said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Jesus’ statement” or “the words that Jesus said” +19:22 gi9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive λυπούμενος 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “being very sorrowful” +19:22 c8l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the young man was **being grieved**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “since” +19:22 aqqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἦν & ἔχων κτήματα πολλά 1 Here Matthew implies that the young man did not want to sell these possessions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he was having many possessions that he did not want to sell” +19:23 a7z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +19:23 sy5z ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +19:23 ean2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense εἰσελεύσεται 1 Here Jesus uses the future tense to speak about something that is generally true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is most naturally for expressing a general truth. Alternate translation: “enters” +19:24 uect rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases πάλιν δὲ 1 Here, the phrase **And again** introduces a restatement of what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a restatement, or you could leave **And again** untranslated. Alternate translation: “To repeat:” or “Indeed” +19:24 ss0g λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +19:24 c8l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole εὐκοπώτερόν ἐστιν κάμηλον διὰ τρήματος ῥαφίδος διελθεῖν ἢ πλούσιον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ 1 Here Jesus compares **a rich {person}** entering **the kingdom of the heavens** with something that is impossible: **a camel** passing through **an eye of a needle**. Jesus does this to emphasize how hard it is for **a rich {person} to enter into the kingdom of God**. As [19:26](../19/26.md) shows, Jesus does not think that this is completely impossible, however. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea here in such a way that it does not sound as if it is totally impossible for **a rich {person} to enter into the kingdom of God**. Alternate translation: “consider how difficult it is for a camel to pass through an eye of a needle. That illustrates how difficult it is for a rich person to enter into the kingdom of God” +19:24 dip3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τρήματος ῥαφίδος 1 The phrase **an eye of a needle** refers to the small hole at the end of a sewing needle through which the thread passes. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tool or the hole in it, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term for a small opening. Alternate translation: “the small hole at the end of a needle” or “a very small hole” +19:25 s2cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +19:25 oo3o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀκούσαντες & οἱ μαθηταὶ ἐξεπλήσσοντο σφόδρα λέγοντες 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what Jesus said. Alternate translation: “what the disciples heard astonished them greatly, and they said” +19:25 e9ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +19:25 ejs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίς ἄρα δύναται σωθῆναι? 1 The disciples are using the question form to express their astonishment. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It seems then that no one is able to be saved.” or “No one then is able to be saved!” +19:25 x1at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τίς ἄρα δύναται σωθῆναι? 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be God. Alternate translation: “Who then can receive salvation” or “Whom then will God save” +19:25 kvrw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result τίς ἄρα 1 Here, the word **then** indicates that the disciples ask this question in response to what Jesus just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “If that is true, who” or “Given that, who”\n +19:26 s7ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +19:26 nbaa παρὰ ἀνθρώποις & παρὰ & Θεῷ 1 Alternate translation: “For men … for God” +19:26 zsp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humans” +19:26 flun rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτο 1 The pronoun **this** refers to being able to be saved (see [19:25](../19/25.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to that idea more directly. Alternate translation: “being saved” +19:27 ui8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** is intended to draw the attention of Jesus and to ask him to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express behold with a word or phrase that asks someone to listen or pay attention. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Excuse me” +19:27 yp3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῖν 1 By **we** and **us**, Peter means himself and the disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive forms of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +19:27 pdse rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠκολουθήσαμέν σοι 1 Here, the phrase **followed you** indicates that the disciples traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “become your disciples” or “traveled with you as your students” +19:27 zpd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοι 1 Here, the word **you** is singular because Peter is speaking to Jesus. +19:27 em4o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τί ἄρα ἔσται ἡμῖν 1 Here Peter is asking what he and his fellow disciples will receive because they **left everything**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “What then will we receive” or “What reward then will there be for us” +19:27 ho5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result τί ἄρα 1 Here, the word **then** indicates that Peter is asking this question in response to what he just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Since we did that, what” or “Given what we did, what” +19:28 ww4m ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +19:28 j89c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ 1 Here, the phrase **in the renewal** refers to the time when God will renew or recreate everything that he has made. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “at the time when things are recreated,” or “when God makes everything new,” +19:28 gey2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person καθίσῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ & αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, sit on my” +19:28 xuam rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” +19:28 sx2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction καθίσῃ & ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 When someone **sits** on a **throne**, it indicates that this person is ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of this action. Alternate translation: “sits on his glorious throne as king” or “rules from his glorious throne” +19:28 l4t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 Here, Jesus could using the possessive form to describe a **throne** that: (1) belongs to **the Son of Man** and that is characterized by **glory**. Alternate translation: “his throne that is glorious” (2) shows or illustrates the **glory** that **the Son of Man** has. Alternate translation: “the throne that displays his glory” +19:28 qxd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οἱ ἀκολουθήσαντές μοι 1 Here, the phrase **followed με** indicates that the disciples traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones having become my disciples” or “the ones having traveled with me as my students”\n +19:28 rx2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction καθήσεσθε & ἐπὶ δώδεκα θρόνους 1 When someone **sits** on a **throne**, it indicates that this person is ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of this action. See how you translated the similar phrase earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “will sit on 12 thrones as kings” or “will rule from 12 thrones” +19:28 iz0s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κρίνοντες 1 Here, the word **judging** could mean that the disciples are acting: (1) as judges. Alternate translation: “acting as judges for” (2) as rulers. Alternate translation: “ruling” or “acting as rulers for” +19:29 gq8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀνόματός 1 Here, **name** represents the person whose name it is. Jesus means that they have **left** all these things because of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for my sake” +19:29 nucq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ἑκατονταπλασίονα 1 Here Jesus is using a round number (**100**) indicates a large number of **times**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an expression for a large number or state more explicitly that **100** is a round number. Alternate translation: “very many times as much” or “something like 100 times as much” +19:29 z8wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει 1 Here the author speaks as if these people were children who would receive property from a relative. He speaks in this way to indicate that these people will receive **eternal life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive eternal life” or “will be given eternal life” +19:29 do2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of life, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “will be able to live eternally” +19:30 j7pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next thing, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Yes,” or “Indeed,” +19:30 gyde rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πολλοὶ & ἔσονται πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι, καὶ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι 1 Here, Jesus is speaking of important or respected people as if they were **first** and of unimportant or non-respected people as if they were **last**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many respected will be non-respected, and non-respected, respected” or “many significant will be insignificant, and insignificant, significant” +19:30 u8p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πρῶτοι & καὶ ἔσχατοι 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **first** and **last** as nouns to mean first and last people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “first people … and last people” or “people who are first … and people who are last” +19:30 hnm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and many last will be first” +20:intro z39h 0 # Matthew 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n * The parable of the denarius wage (20:1–16)\n * Jesus predicts his death and resurrection (20:17–19)\n * Jesus and the disciples speak about who will be great (20:20–28)\n * Jesus heals two blind men (20:29–34)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The parable of the landowner and his vineyard\n\nJesus tells this parable ([20:1-16](./01.md)) to teach his disciples that what God says is right is different from what people say is right. +20:1 q9qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὁμοία γάρ ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ 1 To teach the disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a man” +20:1 jybx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γάρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of what Jesus said about how the first will be last and the last first ([19:30](../19/30.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is what I mean:” or “Let me explain:” +20:1 udmx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came out” +20:1 dzid rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἅμα πρωῒ 1 Here, the phrase **with the morning** means that the **master of the house** left as soon as it was morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as soon as the sun rose” or “as soon as it was morning” +20:2 kkv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +20:2 rsbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit συμφωνήσας & μετὰ τῶν ἐργατῶν ἐκ δηναρίου τὴν ἡμέραν 1 Here Jesus implies that the master of the house found some **workers**, told them what he wanted them to do, and then **agreed** with them on how much he would pay them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of that information more explicit. Alternate translation: “having located some workers and having agreed to pay them a denarius for the day” +20:2 iwk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηναρίου 1 A **denarius** was a silver coin equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “one silver coin” or “an average wage” +20:3 jpwu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out” +20:3 s8ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περὶ τρίτην ὥραν 1 In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, the **third hour** would be around nine o’clock in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “about 9:00 AM” +20:3 bki1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τρίτην ὥραν 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hour three” +20:3 gj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἑστῶτας ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἀργούς 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would wait **in the marketplace** when they wanted to find work. If they had not yet found work, they would be **standing idle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “standing in the marketplace still looking for work” +20:3 q3b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἀγορᾷ 1 A **marketplace** is a large, open-air area where people buy and sell goods. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of area, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated this word in [11:16](../11/16.md). Alternate translation: “the town square” or “the park” +20:4 tchs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν, ὑπάγετε καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ ὃ ἐὰν ᾖ δίκαιον, δώσω ὑμῖν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he said that they too should go into the vineyard and that he would give them whatever is right.” +20:4 lzmj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπάγετε & εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα 1 Here the master of the house implies that he wants these people to work in **the vineyard** along with the other people he already hired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “go into the vineyard and work there” +20:5 j3zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ & ἀπῆλθον 1 Here Jesus implies that the people **went** to the vineyard and began to work there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they went to the vineyard and worked there” +20:5 iebk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπῆλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came out” +20:5 iyzf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “Having come out” +20:5 pip4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περὶ ἕκτην καὶ ἐνάτην ὥραν 1 In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, the **sixth hour** would be around noon, and the **ninth hour** would be around three o’clock in the afternoon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. See how you translated the similar time reference in [20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “about 12:00 PM and 3:00 PM” +20:5 lv4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ἕκτην καὶ ἐνάτην ὥραν 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hours six and nine” +20:5 rfzx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐποίησεν ὡσαύτως 1 Here Jesus means that the master of the house did and said the same things that he said and did at “the third hour” (see [20:3–4](../20/03–4.md)). He also implies that there were people in the marketplace who agreed to work in his vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of that information more explicit. Alternate translation: “he told even more people that he would pay them whatever was right, and they too agreed to work in his vineyard” +20:6 rfz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +20:6 qvkv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out” +20:6 htkf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περὶ & τὴν ἑνδεκάτην 1 In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, **the eleventh {hour}** would be around five o’clock in the afternoon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. See how you translated the similar time reference in [20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “about 5:00 PM” +20:6 bzdg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τὴν ἑνδεκάτην 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hour eleven” +20:6 twdt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄλλους ἑστῶτας & ὧδε ἑστήκατε & ἀργοί 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would wait in the marketplace when they wanted to find work. If they had not yet found work, they would be **standing idle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “others still looking for work … have you been standing here looking for work” +20:6 y4cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said” +20:6 r3cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγει αὐτοῖς, τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἀργοί 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he asks them why they had stood there idle the whole day.” +20:7 s9i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν & λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said … He said” +20:7 yhgt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes αὐτῷ, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς ἐμισθώσατο λέγει αὐτοῖς, ὑπάγετε καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “to him that it was because no one hired them. He says to them that they too should go into the vineyard.” +20:7 me25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπάγετε & εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα 1 Here the master of the house implies that he wants these people to work in **the vineyard** along with the other people he already hired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “go into the vineyard and work there”\n +20:8 bgde rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 Here, **the owner of the vineyard** is the same person whom Jesus previously called “the master of the house” (see [20:1](../20/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is the same person. Alternate translation: “the master of the house, who owned the vineyard,” or “the master of the house, who was in charge of the vineyard,” +20:8 niz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +20:8 wq8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ ἐπιτρόπῳ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the word **manager** is referring to a worker who supervised or managed the other workers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to his manager, who was in charge of the workers” +20:8 x6iv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων 1 Here the owner of the vineyard means that he wants his manager to pay the workers in the reverse order in which they were hired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “beginning with the last and ending with the first” or “beginning from the last and going backwards to the first” +20:8 z3jz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν ἐσχάτων & τῶν πρώτων 1 The owner of the vineyard is using the adjectives **first** and **last** as nouns to mean the workers who were hired **last** and the workers who were hired **first**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “the last workers … the first workers” or “the workers hired last … the workers hired first” +20:9 oy9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +20:9 znkj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones who were hired at about the eleventh hour” +20:9 o4xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν 1 See how you translated the phrase **the eleventh hour** in [20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “about 5:00 PM” +20:9 af8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hour eleven” +20:9 gpkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 See how you translated the word **denarius** in [20:2](../20/02.md). Alternate translation: “one silver coin” or “an average wage” +20:10 akoq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +20:10 rhds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ πρῶτοι 1 Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun to mean the workers who were hired first. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the ones who were hired first” +20:10 pvu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἐνόμισαν ὅτι πλεῖον λήμψονται, καὶ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “thought, ‘We will receive more.’ But” +20:10 o0nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πλεῖον 1 Here Jesus implies that **the first** workers thought that they would receive **more** than one denarius, since that is what the workers who started at the end of the day received. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “more than one denarius” or “more than the workers who started latest received” +20:10 vaqs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 See how you translated the word **denarius** in [20:2](../20/02.md). Alternate translation: “one silver coin” or “an average wage” +20:11 jpxd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +20:12 z05n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγοντες, οὗτοι οἱ ἔσχατοι μίαν ὥραν ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἴσους ἡμῖν αὐτοὺς ἐποίησας, τοῖς βαστάσασι τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν καύσωνα 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that the last ones had done one hour, but the master of the house made them equal to themselves, the ones having borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat.” +20:12 a2n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +20:12 pglj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὗτοι οἱ ἔσχατοι 1 Here the workers are referring to the other workers who were hired **last**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “These ones who were hired last” +20:12 fiap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 By **us**, the workers mean themselves who were hired first but not any of the other workers, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +20:12 vy87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς βαστάσασι τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν καύσωνα 1 Here, the workers are speaking of their hard work as if it were **burden** that they had **borne**. They also speak as if the **scorching heat** were also an object that they had **borne**. They mean that they had to work hard and experience the hot sun during the middle of the day. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ones having worked hard the whole day and having experienced the scorching heat” +20:12 tpss rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας 1 Here, the workers are using the possessive form to describe a **burden** that they had to bear during **the day**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another. Alternate translation: “the burden during the day” +20:13 z5rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the master of the house said in contrast with what the workers were saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response,” or “In contrast,” +20:13 b3fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἑνὶ αὐτῶν εἶπεν, ἑταῖρε, οὐκ ἀδικῶ σε. οὐχὶ δηναρίου συνεφώνησάς μοι? 1 Alternate translation: “called one of them friend and said to him that he was not wronging him and that he agreed with him for a denarius.” +20:13 qbu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχὶ δηναρίου συνεφώνησάς μοι 1 The master of the house is using the question form to remind the worker what he agreed to do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You remember that you agreed with me for a denarius” or “You certainly agreed with me for a denarius!” +20:13 x7rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δηναρίου & μοι 1 Here the master of the house implies that the worker **agreed** to work **for a denarius**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “me to work for a denarius” +20:14 nedg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the master of the house is going to do in contrast to what the worker wishes he would do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Despite what you want,” +20:14 hv8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τούτῳ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ 1 The master of the house is using the adjective **last** as a noun to mean workers who were hired last. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to this worker who was hired last” +20:14 h8w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τούτῳ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ 1 The phrase **this last** represents the **last** ones in general, not one particular last one. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to these last” +20:14 rt0p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὡς καὶ σοί 1 The master of the house is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “as I give also to you” +20:15 m2o9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ἢ 1 Here, the word **Or** introduces a contrasting alternative to what the master of the house has said about what he wants to do. He then uses the question form to show that this alternate is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a false alternative, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “As a matter of fact,” +20:15 h3uh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ ἔξεστίν μοι, ὃ θέλω ποιῆσαι ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς? 1 The master of the house is using the question form to remind the worker that can do what he wants with his own things. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Remember that it is lawful for me to do what I desire with what is mine.” or “It is certainly lawful for me to do what I desire with what is mine!” +20:15 thk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ἢ 2 Here, the word **Or** introduces a second question that again shows that the worker should not complain about how the master of the house is behaving. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a similar idea, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Again,” or “Even further,” +20:15 dus3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἢ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἀγαθός εἰμι? 1 The master of the house is using the question form to rebuke the worker. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your eye should not be evil because I am good.” or “Do not let your eye be evil because I am good!” +20:15 uc7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν 1 Here, when the master of the house speaks of a person’s **eye** as **evil**, he means that the person is jealous or envious. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do you feel jealousy” or “are you envious” 20:16 k5fe οὕτως ἔσονται οἱ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι, καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι 1 See how you translated a similar verse in [19:30](../19/30.md). 20:16 bhr5 οὕτως ἔσονται οἱ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι 1 Here the parable has ended and Jesus is speaking. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus said, ‘In the same way, the last will be first’” 20:17 b6ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀναβαίνων & εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 **Jerusalem** is on top of a hill, so people had to travel **up** to get there. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “going up the hill to Jerusalem”