JUD front intro xh5n 0 # Introduction to Jude<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of Jude<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Warning against false teachers (1:3-4)<br>1. Old Testament examples (1:5-16)<br>1. Proper response (1:17-23)<br>1. Praises to God (1:24-25)<br><br>#### Who wrote the Book of Jude?<br><br>The author identified himself as Jude the brother of James. Both Jude and James were half-brothers of Jesus. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church.<br><br>#### What is the Book of Jude about?<br><br>Jude wrote this letter to warn believers against false teachers. Jude often referred to the Old Testament. This may suggest that Jude was writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter and 2 Petter have similar content. They both speak about angels, Sodom and Gomorrah, and false teachers.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Jude." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Letter from Jude" or "The Letter Jude Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### Who were the people Jude spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.<br>
JUD 01 01 ek3q figs-you 0 General Information: Jude identifies himself as the writer of this letter and greets his readers. He was probably the half-brother of Jesus. There are two other Judes mentioned in the New Testament. The word "you" in this letter refers to the Christians to whom Jude was writing and is always plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JUD 01 01 npc3 translate-names 0 Jude, a servant of Jude is the brother of James. Alternate translation: "I am Jude, a servant of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JUD 01 01 m3v1 0 brother of James James and Jude were half brothers of Jesus.
JUD 01 02 r5ae figs-abstractnouns 0 May mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you "may mercy, peace, and love be increased many times for you." These ideas are spoken of as if they were objects that could grow in size or number. This can be restate to remove the abstract nouns "mercy," "peace," and "love." Alternate translation: "May God continue to be merciful to you so that you live peacefully and love one another more and more (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JUD 01 03 kjk6 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: The word "our" in this letter includes both Jude and believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
JUD 01 03 mi3w 0 our common salvation "the salvation we share"
JUD 01 03 si1u 0 I had to write "I felt a great need to write" or "I felt an urgent need to write"
JUD 01 03 yyf4 0 to exhort you to struggle earnestly for the faith "to encourage you to defend the true teaching"
JUD 01 03 j67u 0 once for all "finally and completely"
JUD 01 04 v94i 0 For certain men have slipped in secretly among you "For some men have come in among the believers without drawing attention to themselves"
JUD 01 04 wwz3 figs-activepassive 0 men who were marked out for condemnation This can also be put into the active voice. Alternate translation: "men whom God chose to condemn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JUD 01 04 c642 figs-metaphor 0 who have changed the grace of our God into sensuality God's grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. Alternate translation: "who teach that God's grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 04 ws1b 0 deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) they teach that he is not God or 2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ.
JUD 01 05 f4mm 0 the Lord saved a people out of the land of Egypt "the Lord rescued the Israelites long ago from Egypt"
JUD 01 05 xbq1 0 the Lord Some texts read "Jesus."
JUD 01 06 pt1k 0 their own position of authority "the responsibilities God entrusted to them"
JUD 01 06 s3cn 0 God has kept them in everlasting chains, in utter darkness "God has put these angels in a dark prison from which they will never escape"
JUD 01 06 s1j9 figs-metonymy 0 utter darkness Here "darkness" is a metonym which represents the place of the dead or hell. Alternate translation: "in utter darkness in hell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 01 06 ccz6 0 the great day the final day when God will judge everyone
JUD 01 07 yn36 figs-metonymy 0 the cities around them Here "cities" stands for the people who lived in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 01 07 r3e9 0 also indulged themselves The sexual sins of Sodom and Gomorrah were the result of the same kind of rebellion as the angels' evil ways.
JUD 01 07 pi4t 0 as examples of those who suffer the punishment The destruction of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah became an example of the fate of all who reject God.
JUD 01 08 ujs2 0 these dreamers the people who disobey God, probably because they claimed to see visions that gave them authority to do so
JUD 01 08 ez4l figs-metaphor 0 pollute their bodies This metaphor says that their sin makes their bodies—that is, their actions—unacceptable the way garbage in a stream makes the water undrinkable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 08 e73k 0 say slanderous things "speak insults"
JUD 01 08 pn3j 0 glorious ones This refers to spiritual beings, such as angels.
JUD 01 09 rmg9 0 General Information: Balaam was a prophet who refused to curse Israel for an enemy but then taught that enemy to get the people to marry unbelievers and become idol worshipers. Korah was a man of Israel who rebelled against Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood.
JUD 01 09 uzj1 0 did not dare to bring "controlled himself. He did not bring" or "was not willing to bring"
JUD 01 09 kib4 0 a slanderous judgment "an evil-speaking judgment" or "an evil judgment"
JUD 01 09 v9fh 0 bring a slanderous judgment against "say evil, untrue things about"
JUD 01 10 h6sq 0 these people the ungodly people
JUD 01 10 fjm5 0 whatever they do not understand "anything of which they do not know the meaning." Possible meanings are 1) "everything good that they do not understand" or 2) "the glorious ones, which they do not understand" ([Jude 1:8](../01/08.md)).
JUD 01 11 j3g9 figs-metaphor 0 walked in the way of Cain "Walked in the way" here is a metaphor for "lived in the same way as." Alternate translation: "lived the same way Cain lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 12 s4az 0 Connecting Statement: Jude uses a series of metaphors to describe the ungodly men. He tells the believers how to recognize these men when they are among them.
JUD 01 12 r875 0 These are the ones The word "These" refers to the "ungodly men" of [Jude 1:4](../01/04.md).
JUD 01 12 e25d figs-metaphor 0 hidden reefs Reefs are large rocks that are very close to the surface of water in the sea. Because sailors cannot see them, they are very dangerous. Ships can easily be destroyed if they hit these rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 12 zk57 figs-metaphor 0 twice dead, torn up by the roots A tree that someone has uprooted is a metaphor for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 12 t28p figs-metaphor 0 torn up by the roots Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God, who is the source of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 13 e4rm figs-metaphor 0 violent waves in the sea As the sea's waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people are easily moved in many directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 13 fgr9 figs-metaphor 0 foaming out their own shame As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam—so these men, through their false teaching and actions, shame themselves. Alternate translation: "and just as waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 13 r6rj figs-metaphor 0 They are wandering stars Those who studied the stars in ancient times noticed that what we call planets do not move the way that stars do. Alternate translation: "They are like moving stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 13 djm4 figs-metonymy 0 for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved forever Here "darkness" is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Here "thick darkness" is an idiom that means "very dark." The phrase "has been reserved" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and God will put them in the gloom and darkness of hell forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JUD 01 14 e5wv 0 the seventh from Adam If Adam is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam's son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line.
JUD 01 14 lu2y 0 Look "Listen" or "Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say"
JUD 01 15 bl4q 0 to execute judgment on "to make judgment on" or "to judge"
JUD 01 16 zs28 0 grumblers, complainers People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. "Grumblers" tend to speak quietly, while "complainers" speak openly.
JUD 01 16 eaf2 0 loud boasters People who praise themselves so that others can hear.
JUD 01 18 w1mx figs-metaphor 0 will follow their own ungodly desires These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. Alternate translation: "are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 18 j5m4 figs-metaphor 0 will follow their own ungodly desires Ungodly desires are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 19 r28j 0 It is these "It is these mockers" or "These mockers are the ones"
JUD 01 19 ba6u figs-metaphor 0 are worldly think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 19 qn4p 0 they do not have the Spirit The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. Alternate translation: "the Spirit is not within them"
JUD 01 20 xm93 0 But you, beloved "Do not be like them, beloved. Instead"
JUD 01 20 cc68 figs-metaphor 0 build yourselves up Becoming increasingly able to trust in God and obey him is spoken of as if it were the process of constructing a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 21 zd2c figs-metaphor 0 Keep yourselves in God's love Remaining able to receive God's love is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 21 p3bw figs-metonymy 0 the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal life Here "mercy" stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 01 22 wbr5 0 those who doubt "those who do not yet believe that Jesus is God"
JUD 01 23 wkj9 figs-metaphor 0 snatching them out of the fire The picture is that of pulling people from a fire before they start to burn. Alternate translation: "doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 23 ign7 0 To others be merciful with fear "Be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did"
JUD 01 23 u4px figs-hyperbole 0 Hate even the garment stained by the flesh Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. Alternate translation: "Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JUD 01 24 w1dc figs-metaphor 0 to cause you to stand before his glorious presence His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: "and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 24 gq9e figs-metaphor 0 glorious presence without blemish and with Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one's body or a flaw on one's body. Alternate translation: "glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 01 25 a3ua 0 to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord "to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did." This emphasizes that God the Father as well as the Son is the Savior.
JUD 01 25 kql5 0 be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all time, now, and forevermore God has always had, now has, and always will have glory, absolute leadership, and complete control of all things.
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