2071 lines
20 KiB
ReStructuredText
2071 lines
20 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/participle_passive.rst
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.. _participle_passive:
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Participle Passive
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==================
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Summary
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-------
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In Biblical Hebrew, a participle is a verbal noun that can function as a
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verb (or verbal complement), an adjective, or a noun. The passive
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participle most often functions as an attributive adjective or predicate
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adjective.
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Article
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-------
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Properly speaking, participles in Biblical Hebrew are :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns`.
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Like the infinitive forms, they conjugate in the passive
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:ref:`stem`
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(Niphal, Pual, Hophal, etc.). They also inflect for person and gender
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like both
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:ref:`adjective`
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and
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:ref:`noun`.
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Furthermore, they can also appear in either the :ref:`state_absolute`
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or the :ref:`state_construct`,
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like nouns. Thus, participles have potential to function as a verbal
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complement, a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs`,
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an adjective, or a noun. In most cases, the context will clearly show
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how the participle is being used in the sentence. Generally speaking,
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the meaning of the participle is clear even in cases where its specific
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grammatical function cannot be determined precisely.
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NOTE: Only the :ref:`stem_qal`
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has a distinct passive form for the participle; in all other cases, the
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passive (sometimes reflexive) meaning is determined by the stem
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formation and the specific verb.
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Form
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----
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**Qal passive**
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.. raw:: html
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd">
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.. raw:: html
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<th>
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||
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Parsing
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||
.. raw:: html
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||
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||
</th>
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||
.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Hebrew
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||
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||
.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
</th>
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||
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.. raw:: html
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||
|
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<th>
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Transliteration
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.. raw:: html
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</th>
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.. raw:: html
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<th>
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Gloss
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.. raw:: html
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</th>
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.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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masculine singular Absolute
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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קָטוּל
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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qatul
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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killer / killed
|
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.. raw:: html
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||
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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||
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feminine singular Absolute
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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קְטוּלָה
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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qetulah
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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||
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||
.. raw:: html
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|
||
<td>
|
||
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killer / killed
|
||
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||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
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|
||
.. raw:: html
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|
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<tr class="row-even" align="center">
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||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
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קְטוּלִים
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||
.. raw:: html
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||
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||
</td>
|
||
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||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
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qetulim
|
||
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||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
killers / killed
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
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קְטוּלוֹת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
</td>
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||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
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||
qetuloth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
killers / killed
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
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||
|
||
.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
</table>
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||
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**Niphal (usually passive or reflexive voice)**
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||
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||
.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Parsing
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Hebrew
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Transliteration
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Gloss
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
נִקְטָל
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
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||
|
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</td>
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||
.. raw:: html
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||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
niqtal
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being killed
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
נִקְטָלָה
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
niqtalah
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being killed
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
נִקְטָלִים
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
niqtalim
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being killed
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
נִקְטָלוֹת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
niqtaloth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being killed
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
**Hophal**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Parsing
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Hebrew
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Transliteration
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Gloss
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מָקְטָל
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
moqtal
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being caused to kill
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מָקְטֶלֶת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
moqteleth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being caused to kill
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מָקְטָלִים
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
moqtalim
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being caused to kill
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מָקְטָלוֹת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
moqtaloth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being caused to kill
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
**Pual**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Parsing
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Hebrew
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Transliteration
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Gloss
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מְקֻטַּל
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mequttal
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being slaughtered
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מְקֻטֶּלֶת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mequtteleth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being slaughtered
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מְקֻטְּלִים
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mequttelim
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being slaughtered
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מְקֻטְּלוֹת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mequtteloth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
being slaughtered
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
**Hithpael (usually reflexive voice)**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Parsing
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Hebrew
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Transliteration
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<th>
|
||
|
||
Gloss
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</th>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מִתְקַטֵּל
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mithqattel
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
killing oneself
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine singular Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מִתְקַטֶּלֶת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mithqatteleth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
killing oneself
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
masculine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מִתְקַטְּלִים
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mithqattelim
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
killing oneself
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
feminine plural Absolute
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מִתְקַטְּלוֹת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mithqatteloth
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
killing oneself
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
Function
|
||
--------
|
||
|
||
Participles in passive/reflexive voice are often used as an independent
|
||
grammatical entity, although it can introduce relative clauses, like
|
||
active participles. Passive participles are generally more limited in
|
||
meaning than :ref:`participle_active`,
|
||
usually functioning descriptively or expressing stative actions. Passive
|
||
participles are governed either by the main verb of a sentence or by the
|
||
context; thus, they can express action in past time, present time,
|
||
future time, or without any specified timeframe.
|
||
|
||
A passive participle can function in a sentence in any of the following
|
||
ways:
|
||
|
||
Functions as a verbal adjective
|
||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||
|
||
This is the most common use of the passive participle in Biblical
|
||
Hebrew. When a passive participle functions as an adjective, it is
|
||
usually either an :ref:`adjective-attributive`
|
||
or a :ref:`adjective-predicative-or-verbal-adjective`.
|
||
The context must determine whether a passive participle is functioning
|
||
as a predicate adjective or as a finite verb, because both appear the
|
||
same in many instances (compare EXO 5:16 and 1SA 19:11).
|
||
|
||
- PSA 149:9 –– functioning as an attributive adjective
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<col width="100%" />
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tbody valign="top">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת בָּהֶ֨ם׀ מִשְׁפָּ֬ט כָּת֗וּב
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
la'asoth bahem mishpat **kathuv**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
to-do to-them judgment **written**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
They will execute the judgment **that is written**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
- EXO 5:16 –– functioning as a predicate adjective
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<col width="100%" />
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tbody valign="top">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
wehinneh 'avadeykha **mukkim**\
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
and-behold your-servants **beaten**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
We, your servants, are even **beaten** now
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
- PSA 22:7 –– introducing clauses functioning as predicate adjectives
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<col width="100%" />
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tbody valign="top">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
וְאָנֹכִ֣י תוֹלַ֣עַת וְלֹא־אִ֑ישׁ **חֶרְפַּ֥ת** אָ֝דָ֗ם **וּבְז֥וּי**
|
||
עָֽם׃
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
we'anokhi thola'ath welo-'ish **herpath** 'adam **uvezuy** 'am
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
and-I worm and-not\_man **scorned-of** humanity **and-despised-of**
|
||
people
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
But I am a worm and not a man, a **disgrace** to humanity **and
|
||
despised** by the people.
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
Functions as a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs`
|
||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||
|
||
The context must determine whether a passive participle is functioning
|
||
as a finite verb or as a predicate adjective, because both appear the
|
||
same in many instances (compare 1SA 19:11 and EXO 5:16).
|
||
|
||
- ISA 17:2 –– NOTE: the participle is in the first position here, which
|
||
is the normal :ref:`word_order`
|
||
for finite verbs
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<col width="100%" />
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tbody valign="top">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
**'azuvoth** 'are 'aro'er
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
**being-forsaken** cities-of Aroer
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
The cities of Aroer **will be abandoned**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
- 1SA 19:11
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<col width="100%" />
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tbody valign="top">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
מָחָ֖ר אַתָּ֥ה מוּמָֽת
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
mahar 'attah **mumath**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
tomorrow you **being-made-dead**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
tomorrow you **will be killed**
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
Functions as a verbal complement
|
||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||
|
||
- GEN 38:25
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<col width="100%" />
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tbody valign="top">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
הִ֣וא **מוּצֵ֗את** וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
hiw **mutseth** wehi sholhah 'el-hamiha lemor
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
she **being-brought-out** and-she sent to\_her-father-in-law saying
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
When she **was brought out**, she sent to her father-in-law a message
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
Functions as a :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns`
|
||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||
|
||
- JOS 8:34
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<col width="100%" />
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tbody valign="top">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
כְּכָל־\ **הַכָּת֖וּב** בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
kekhol-\ **hakkathuv** besefer hattowrah
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-odd">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
like-all\_\ **the-written** in-book-of the-law
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<tr class="row-even">
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
<td>
|
||
|
||
just as **had been written** in the book of the law
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
|
||
.. raw:: html
|
||
|
||
</table>
|