Samuel_Kim_en_uhg/content/gender_masculine.rst

:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_masculine.rst

.. _gender_masculine:

Gender Masculine
================

Summary
-------

In Biblical Hebrew, all
:ref:`noun`,
finite
:ref:`adjective`,
`pronouns <https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/01.md>`__,
:ref:`suffix_pronominal`,
and some
`particles <https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/01.md>`__
are grammatically marked for gender. This gender marking can be
:ref:`gender_feminine`,
:ref:`gender_common`,
or
:ref:`gender_both`.

Article
-------

In Biblical Hebrew, every
:ref:`noun`
is classified according to gender, either masculine or
:ref:`gender_feminine`
or
:ref:`gender_both`.
Many other words change the way they look when they refer to that noun.
:ref:`adjective`
agree with the gender of the noun they refer to. The gender of a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs`
agrees with its subject. All references to male persons in Biblical
Hebrew are grammatically marked as masculine. However, other things
besides people can also be classified as grammatically-masculine. For
example, abstract ideas are often expressed with a masculine
:ref:`number_plural`
form.

Form
----

Masculine
:ref:`number_singular``nouns <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md)>`__
and
`adjectives <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md)>`__
have no special endings; they are the standard dictionary form.
Masculine
:ref:`number_dual`
nouns end in pataq-yod-hireq-final mem, as in צָהֳרַיִם (noon).
Masculine
:ref:`number_plural`
nouns and adjectives usually end in hireq-yod-final mem, as in אֲנָשִׁים
(men).

Paradigm
~~~~~~~~

Besides nouns, a masculine word can be recognized by a variety of
changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and
are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a
sample of the kinds of changes that signal a masculine form.

.. raw:: html

   <table border="1" class="docutils">

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd">

.. raw:: html

   <th>

Word

.. raw:: html

   </th>

.. raw:: html

   <th>

Hebrew

.. raw:: html

   </th>

.. raw:: html

   <th>

Transliteration

.. raw:: html

   </th>

.. raw:: html

   <th>

Gloss

.. raw:: html

   </th>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Noun, masculine singular absolute

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

סוּס

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

sus

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

stallion

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Noun, masculine singular construct

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

סוּס

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

sus

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

stallion of

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Noun, masculine plural absolute

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

סוּסִים

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

susim

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

stallions

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Noun, masculine plural construct

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

סוּסֵי

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

suse

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

stallions of

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

קָטַלְתָּ

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

qatalta

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you killed

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

קְטַלְתֶּם

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

qetaltem

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you killed

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Qal suffix conjugation, third person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

קָטַל

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

qatal

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

he killed

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

תִּקְטֹל

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

tiqtol

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you will kill

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

תִּקְטְל

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

tiqtelu

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you will kill

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

יִקְטֹל

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

yiqtol

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

he will kill

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

יִקְטְלוּ

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

yiqtelu

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

they will kill

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

אַתָּה

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

'attah

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

אַתֶּם

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

'attem

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

הוּא

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

hu

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

he / it

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

הֵם / הֵמָּה

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

hem / hemmah

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

they

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Object pronoun, second person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

אֹתְךָ

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

'othekha

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Object pronoun, second person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

אֹתְכֶֶם

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

'othekhem

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

you

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Object pronoun, third person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

אֹתוֹ

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

'otho

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

him / it

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Object pronoun, third person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

'ethhem / 'otham

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

them

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Pronomial suffix, second person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

לְךָ / - ְךָ

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

lekha / -ekha

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

(to) you

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Pronomial suffix, second person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

לָכֶם / -כֶם

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

lakhem / -khem

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

(to) you

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-odd" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Pronomial suffix, third person masculine singular

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

לוֹ / -וֹ

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

lo / -o

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

(to) him

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

.. raw:: html

   <td>

Pronomial suffix, third person masculine plural

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

lahem / -hem / -am

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   <td>

(to) them

.. raw:: html

   </td>

.. raw:: html

   </tr>

.. raw:: html

   </tbody>

.. raw:: html

   </table>