Samuel_Kim_en_uhg/content/gender_feminine.rst

:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_feminine.rst

.. _gender_feminine:

Gender Feminine
===============

Summary
-------

In Biblical Hebrew, all
:ref:`noun`,
finite
:ref:`adjective`,
`pronouns <https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/01.md>`__,
:ref:`suffix_pronominal`,
and some
`particles <https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/01.md>`__
are grammatically marked for gender. This gender marking can be
:ref:`gender_feminine`,
:ref:`gender_common`,
or
:ref:`gender_both`.

Article
-------

In Biblical Hebrew, every
:ref:`noun`
is classified according to gender, either
:ref:`gender_masculine`
or feminine or
:ref:`gender_both`.
Adjectives and other descriptors change endings when they refer to a
noun. This is because
:ref:`adjective`
agree with the gender of the noun they refer to. The gender of a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs`
agrees with its subject. All references to female persons in Biblical
Hebrew are grammatically masculine. However, other entities apart from
people can also be classified as grammatically-masculine. For example,
the `propernames <https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/01.md>`__
of places are often feminine in Biblical Hebrew, as well as body parts
that exist as pairs (hand, foot, etc.).

Form
----

Feminine
:ref:`number_singular``nouns <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md)>`__
and
`adjectives <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md)>`__
usually end in either ה or ת. Feminine
:ref:`number_dual`
nouns end in patach-yod-hireq-final mem, as in יָדַיִם (hands). Feminine
:ref:`number_plural`
nouns and adjectives usually end in וֹת, as in תּוֹרוֹת (laws).

NOTE: Some feminine nouns do NOT take feminine endings, even some common
nouns such as אֵם (mother) and אֶרֶץ (earth). They appear to be
masculine nouns, but they are actually feminine nouns. A dictionary or
lexicon will indicate the proper gender for each word.

Paradigm
~~~~~~~~

Besides nouns, a feminine word can be recognized by a variety of changes
to the form. This paradigm shows a sample of the kinds of changes that
signal a feminine form.

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   <tr class="row-odd">

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   <th>

Word

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Hebrew

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   <th>

Transliteration

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   <th>

Gloss

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   <td>

Noun, feminine singular absolute

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   </td>

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   <td>

סוּסָה

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   </td>

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   <td>

susah

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   </td>

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   <td>

mare

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   </td>

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   </tr>

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   <tr class="row-even" align="center">

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   <td>

Noun, feminine singular construct

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   </td>

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   <td>

סוּסַת

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   </td>

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   <td>

susat

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   </td>

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   <td>

mare of

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Noun, feminine plural absolute

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   </td>

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   <td>

סוּסוֹת

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susoth

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   </td>

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mares

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Noun, feminine plural construct

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סוּסוֹת

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susoth

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mares of

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   <td>

Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine singular

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   </td>

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קָטַלְתְּ

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   </td>

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qatalt

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   </td>

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   <td>

you killed

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Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine plural

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   </td>

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קְטַלְתֶּן

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qetalten

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   </td>

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you killed

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   <td>

Qal suffix conjugation, third person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

קָטְלָה

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   </td>

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qatlah

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   </td>

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she killed

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   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

תִּקְטְלִי

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   <td>

tiqteli

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   </td>

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   <td>

you will kill

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   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

תִּקְטֹלְנָה

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   <td>

tiqtolenah

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   </td>

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   <td>

you will kill

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   </td>

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   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

תִּקְטֹל

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   </td>

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   <td>

tiqtol

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   </td>

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   <td>

she will kill

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   <td>

Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

תִּקְטֹלְנָה

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   </td>

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   <td>

tiqtolenah

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   </td>

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   <td>

they will kill

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   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

אַתְּ

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   <td>

'at

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you

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   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

אַתֵּנָה

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'attenah

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you

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   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

הִיא / הִוא

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hi / hiw

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she / it

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   <td>

Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

הֵן / הֵנָּה

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hen / hennah

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   </td>

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they

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   <td>

Object pronoun, second person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

אֹתָךְ

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   </td>

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   <td>

'othakh

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   </td>

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   <td>

you

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   <td>

Object pronoun, second person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

אֹתְכֶֶן

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'thekhem

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   </td>

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you

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   <td>

Object pronoun, third person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

אֹתָהּ

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   </td>

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'othah

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   </td>

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her / it

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Object pronoun, third person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן

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'ethhen / 'othan

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them

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Pronomial suffix, second person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

לָךְ / - ָךְ

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   </td>

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lakh / -akh

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   </td>

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(to) you

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   </td>

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   </tr>

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Pronomial suffix, second person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

לָכֶן / -כֶן

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   </td>

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   <td>

lakhen / -khen

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   <td>

(to) you

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   </td>

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   <td>

Pronomial suffix, third person feminine singular

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   </td>

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   <td>

לָהּ / - ָהּ

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   </td>

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   <td>

lah / -ah

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   </td>

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   <td>

(to) her

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   </td>

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   </tr>

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   <td>

Pronomial suffix, third person feminine plural

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   </td>

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   <td>

לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן

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   </td>

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   <td>

lahen / -hen / -an

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   </td>

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   <td>

(to) them

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   </td>

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   </tr>

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   </tbody>

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   </table>