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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_cohortative.rst
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.. _verb_cohortative:
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Verb Cohortative
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================
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Summary
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-------
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The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other
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similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by
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the context.
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Article
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-------
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The Cohortative form looks very similar to the :ref:`Imperfect<verb_imperfect>`
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but functions in a sentence more like an
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:ref:`Imperative<verb_imperative>`.
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Cohortative verbs appear only in :ref:`first person<person_first>`
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forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in :ref:`second person<person_second>`
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forms, and
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:ref:`Jussive<verb_jussive>`
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usually appear in :ref:`third person<person_third>`
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forms.) A Cohortative
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:ref:`verb<verb>`
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does not carry the full force of a command ("We *must* do this!"), but
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it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of
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possibilty ("We *could* do this."). The meaning is somewhere in the
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middle. In English, a Cohortative is often translated with a helping
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verb such as "let" or "want" or "will," depending on the context (*"Let
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us do this!"* or *"I want to do this!"*). Thus, the Cohortative verb
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functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to
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determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific
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instance.
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Form
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----
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.. csv-table:: Cohortative Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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Qal singular,אֶקְטֹלָה,'eqtolah,let me kill
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Qal plural,נִקְטֹהלָה,niqtohlah,let us kill
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Niphal singular,אֶקָּטֵלָה,'eqqatelah,let me be killed
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Niphal plural,נִקָּטֵלָה,niqqatelah,let us be killed
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Hiphil singular,אַקְטִילָה,'aqtilah,let me cause to kill
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Hiphil plural,נַקְטִילָה,naqtilah,let us cause to kill
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Piel singular,אֲקַטֵּלָה,'eqattelah,let me slaughter
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Piel plural,נְקַטֵּלָה,niqattelah,let us slaughter
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Hithpael singular,אֶתְקַטֵּלָה,'ethqattelah,let me kill myself
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Hithpael plural,נִתְקַטֵּלָה,nithqattelah,let us kill ourselves
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Function
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--------
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The Cohortative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions:
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Indirect commands
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 2:5
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בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ **וְנֵלְכָ֖ה** בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה
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beth ya'aqov lekhu **wenelekhah** be'or yehwah
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House-of Jacob come **and-let-us-walk** in-light-of Yahweh.
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"House of Jacob, come, **and let us walk** in the light of Yahweh."
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Actions of greater or lesser desirability
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations,
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assurances, wishes, etc.
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.. csv-table:: Example: JER 40:15
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אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה
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**'elekhah** na' we'akkeh 'eth-yishma'el ben-nethanyah
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**Let-me-go** oh and-I-will-kill [dir.obj]\_Ishmael son-of\_Nethaniah
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**Allow me to go** kill Ishmael son of Nethaniah.
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.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 3:3
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וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה **אָסֻֽרָה**\ ־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה
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wayyomer mosheh **'asurah**-nna **we'er'eh**
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And-he-said Moses **let-me-turn-aside**\ \_oh **and-let-me-see**
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"Moses said, ""**I will turn aside and see**"""
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.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 25:2
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אֱלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה
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'elohay bekha vatahti 'al-**'evoshah**
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My-God in-you I-trust not\_\ **let-me-be-ashamed**
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"My God, I trust in you. **Do not let me be humiliated**"
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