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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_definite_article.rst
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.. _particle_definite_article:
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Particle Definite Article
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=========================
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Summary
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-------
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In Biblical Hebrew, the definite article (the prefix הַ) is added to a
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word to make that word definite, i.e. in the *determined* state.
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Article
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-------
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The use of the definite article is one of the ways that a word can be
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made definite (i.e. in the :ref:`state_determined`)
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in Biblical Hebrew. The definite article is not an independent word but
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the prefix הַ (he with pathah), usually accompanied by a daghesh in the
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next consonant. The definite article normally takes the pathah vowel,
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but that vowel can shift (usually either lengthening to qamets or
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shortening to seghol) depending on the placement of the accent and/or
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gutteral consonants within the word.
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The definite article does not have any specific function other than to
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indicate that a particular word is in the determined state. The definite
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article is usually translated as "the" in English. However, the rules
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governing the "definiteness" of words vary in different languages, so
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this particle must always be translated in accordance with the
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convention(s) of each individual language.
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.. note:: The definite article is only rarely found in Hebrew poetry. This
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may have been done for the sake of rhythmic meter, since the article
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almost always adds a syllable to a word. In Hebrew poetry, words can be
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in the determined state even without the definite article. Therefore, in
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Hebrew poetry, often the state (construct, absolute, or determined) of a
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particular word must be determined by the context.
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Standard form
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-------------
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With pathah vowel, and daghesh in the following consonant
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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.. csv-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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noun,סוּס,sus,(a) horse
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noun + definite article,הַסּוּס,hassus,the horse
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Alternate forms
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---------------
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With pathah vowel, no daghesh in gutteral consonant
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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.. csv-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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noun,חֹשֶׁק,hosheq,darkness
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noun + definite article,הַחֹשֶׁק,hahosheq,the darkness
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Vowel lengthens to qamets, no daghesh in gutteral consonant
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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.. csv-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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noun,אִישׁ,'ish,(a) man
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noun + definite article,הָאִישׁ,ha'ish,the man
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Vowel shortens to seghol, no daghesh in gutteral consonant
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''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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.. csv-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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noun,עָפָר,'afar,dust
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noun + definite article,הֶעָפָר,he'afar,the dust
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