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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_both.rst
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.. _gender_both:
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Gender Both
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===========
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Summary
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-------
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A word is classified as "both gender" if it contains both a masculine
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and a feminine form, or if a single form is masculine in
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some contexts and feminine in other contexts.
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Article
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-------
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Some words appear in both a
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:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>`
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and a
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:ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`
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form. Other words have only one form, but that single form can be either
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grammatically-masculine or grammatically-feminine. These kinds of words
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are classified as "gender both", and they are usually nouns or
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adjectives. Sometimes the context can determine the gender of a
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particular instance of a "gender both" noun (see examples below for
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שֶׁמֶשׁ), but sometimes the context is inconclusive (see example below for
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נֹגַהּ).
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Examples
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--------
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A single word with both masculine and feminine forms
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In the following example, the noun אוֹר (light) is masculine in form and
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takes grammatically-masculine verbs (יְהִ֣י and וַֽיְהִי).
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:3
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וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י **אֹ֑ור** וַֽיְהִי־\ **אֹֽור**\ ׃
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wayyomer 'elohim yehi **'owr** wayehi-\ **'owr**
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And-he-said God there-will-be **light** and-there-was\_\ **light**.
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"God said, ""Let there be **light**,"" and there was **light**."
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In the following example, the noun אוֹרָה (light) is feminine in form and
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takes a grammatically-feminine verb (הָֽיְתָ֥ה).
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.. csv-table:: Example: EST 8:16
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לַיְּהוּדִ֕ים הָֽיְתָ֥ה אֹורָ֖ה
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layyehudim hayethah **'owrah**
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To-the-Jews there-was **light**
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The Jews had **light**
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A single form that can be either masculine or feminine
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In the following example, the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) is grammatically
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feminine.
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 15:17
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וַיְהִ֤י **הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙** בָּ֔אָה
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wayhi **hashemesh** ba'ah
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And-it-happened **the-sun** it-went
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When **the sun** had gone down
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In the following example, the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) is grammatically
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masculine.
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 19:23
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הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ יָצָ֣א עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ
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**hashemesh** yatsa 'al-ha'arets
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**The-sun** it-went-out over\_the-earth
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**The sun** had risen upon the earth
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In the following example, the noun נֹגַהּ (brightness) could be either masculine or
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feminine.
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.. csv-table:: Example: JOL 4:15
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וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם
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And-stars they-withdraw their-\ **brightness**
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the stars keep back their **brightness**
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