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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_feminine.rst
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.. _gender_feminine:
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Gender Feminine
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===============
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Summary
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-------
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Nouns, adjectives, finite verbs, participles, pronouns, pronominal suffixes, and some particles change their form is according to
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their grammatical gender, either masculine or feminine. The feminine gender is often marked by either a ה- (qamets-he) or וֹת-
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(holem-taw) suffix, but various other prefixes and suffixes can also indicate feminine gender.
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Article
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-------
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In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`nouns<noun>`, :ref:`adjectives<adjective>` and participles (both :ref:`active<participle_active>` and
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:ref:`passive<participle_active>`) are classified according to gender, either :ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>`, feminine, or
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sometimes :ref:`both<gender_both>`. Grammatical modifiers change endings in order to agree with the gender of the term they
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refer to. A :ref:`finite verb<verb-finite>` with feminine gender indicates a feminine subject. All references to female persons in Biblical
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Hebrew are grammatically feminine. However, other entities apart from people can also be classified as grammatically-feminine.
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For example, the :ref:`proper names <noun_proper_name>` of cities are often feminine in Biblical Hebrew, as well as body parts
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that exist as pairs (hand, foot, etc.).
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Form
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----
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Feminine :ref:`singular<number_singular>` :ref:`nouns<noun>` and :ref:`adjectives<adjective>` usually end in either ה- (qamets-he)
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or ת- (seghol-taw, for participles). Feminine :ref:`dual<number_dual>` terms end in יִם- (patach-yod-hireq-final mem), as in יָדַיִם (hands).
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Feminine :ref:`plural<number_plural>` terms usually end in וֹת- (holem-taw), as in תּוֹרוֹת (laws). There is a whole family of
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:ref:`verbal<verb>` prefixes and suffixes that indicate feminine gender for :ref:`finite<verb-finite>` verbs.
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.. note:: Some feminine nouns do NOT take feminine endings, even some common
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nouns such as אֵם (mother) and אֶרֶץ (earth). They appear to be
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masculine nouns, but they are actually feminine nouns. A dictionary or
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lexicon will indicate the proper gender for each word.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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A feminine term can be recognized by a variety of changes
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to the form. This paradigm shows a sample of the kinds of changes that
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signal a feminine form.
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.. csv-table:: Feminine Noun Paradigm
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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feminine singular absolute,סוּסָה,susah,mare
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feminine singular construct,סוּסַת,susat,mare of
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feminine plural absolute,סוּסוֹת,susoth,mares
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feminine plural construct,סוּסוֹת,susoth,mares of
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.. csv-table:: Qal Suffix Conjugation Feminine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person feminine singular,קָטַלְתְּ,qatalt,you killed
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second person feminine plural,קְטַלְתֶּן,qetalten,you killed
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third person feminine singular,קָטְלָה,qatlah,she killed
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.. csv-table:: Qal Prefix Conjugation Feminine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person feminine singular,תִּקְטְלִי,tiqteli,you will kill
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second person feminine plural,תִּקְטֹלְנָה,tiqtolenah,you will kill
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third person feminine singular,תִּקְטֹל,tiqtol,she will kill
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third person feminine plural,תִּקְטֹלְנָה,tiqtolenah,they will kill
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.. csv-table:: Independent Personal Pronoun Feminine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person feminine singular,אַתְּ,'at,you
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second person feminine plural,אַתֵּנָה,'attenah,you
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third person feminine singular,הִיא / הִוא,hi / hiw,she / it
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third person feminine plural,הֵן / הֵנָּה,hen / hennah,they
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.. csv-table:: Object Pronoun Feminine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person feminine singular,אֹתָךְ,'othakh,you
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second person feminine plural,אֹתְכֶֶן,'thekhem,you
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third person feminine singular,אֹתָהּ,'othah,her / it
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third person feminine plural,אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן,'ethhen / 'othan,them
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.. csv-table:: Pronominal Suffix Feminine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person feminine singular,לָךְ / - ָךְ,lakh / -akh,(to) you
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second person feminine plural,לָכֶן / -כֶן,lakhen / -khen,(to) you
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third person feminine singular,לָהּ / - ָהּ,lah / -ah,(to) her
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third person feminine plural,לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן,lahen / -hen / -an,(to) them
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