Samuel_Kim_en_uhg/content/gender_both.rst

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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_both.rst
.. _gender_both:
Gender Both
===========
Summary
-------
A word is classified as "both gender" if it contains both a masculine
and a feminine form, or if a single form is masculine in
some contexts and feminine in other contexts.
Article
-------
Some words appear in both a
:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>`
and a
:ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`
form. Other words have only one form, but that single form can be either
grammatically-masculine or grammatically-feminine. These kinds of words
are classified as "gender both", and they are usually nouns or
adjectives. Sometimes the context can determine the gender of a
particular instance of a "gender both" noun (see examples below for
שֶׁמֶשׁ), but sometimes the context is inconclusive (see example below for
נֹגַהּ).
Examples
--------
A single word with both masculine and feminine forms
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In the following example, the noun אוֹר (light) is masculine in form and
takes grammatically-masculine verbs (יְהִ֣י and וַֽיְהִי).
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:3
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י **אֹ֑ור** וַֽיְהִי־\ **אֹֽור**\ ׃
wayyomer 'elohim yehi **'owr** wayehi-\ **'owr**
And-he-said God there-will-be **light** and-there-was\_\ **light**.
"God said, ""Let there be **light**,"" and there was **light**."
In the following example, the noun אוֹרָה (light) is feminine in form and
takes a grammatically-feminine verb (הָֽיְתָ֥ה).
.. csv-table:: Example: EST 8:16
לַיְּהוּדִ֕ים הָֽיְתָ֥ה אֹורָ֖ה
layyehudim hayethah **'owrah**
To-the-Jews there-was **light**
The Jews had **light**
A single form that can be either masculine or feminine
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In the following example, the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) is grammatically
feminine.
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 15:17
וַיְהִ֤י **הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙** בָּ֔אָה
wayhi **hashemesh** ba'ah
And-it-happened **the-sun** it-went
When **the sun** had gone down
In the following example, the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) is grammatically
masculine.
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 19:23
הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ יָצָ֣א עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ
**hashemesh** yatsa 'al-ha'arets
**The-sun** it-went-out over\_the-earth
**The sun** had risen upon the earth
In the following example, the noun נֹגַהּ (brightness) could be either masculine or
feminine.
.. csv-table:: Example: JOL 4:15
וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם
And-stars they-withdraw their-\ **brightness**
the stars keep back their **brightness**