See in Reader
228 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
228 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/User./uk_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_sequential_imperfect.rst
|
||
|
||
.. _verb_sequential_imperfect:
|
||
|
||
Verb Sequential Imperfect
|
||
=========================
|
||
|
||
Висновок
|
||
--------
|
||
|
||
A Sequential Imperfect verb functions generally like a
|
||
verb with *Perfect conjugation*, but it also connects to an earlier verb
|
||
to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought.
|
||
|
||
Визначення
|
||
----------
|
||
|
||
The Sequential Imperfect conjugation of a
|
||
:ref:`verb<verb>`
|
||
looks similar to the normal :ref:`Imperfect<verb_imperfect>` verb,
|
||
but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. A
|
||
Sequential Imperfect verb does not function like a normal
|
||
Imperfect verb, but it functions similar to a :ref:`Perfect<verb_perfect>`
|
||
verb. The difference is an added sense of being connected to an earlier
|
||
verb to form a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. In Hebrew
|
||
narratives, the Sequential Imperfect conjugation also serves the function
|
||
of controlling the flow of a story and often occurs at the beginning of a
|
||
sentence.
|
||
|
||
The endings of the Sequential Imperfect conjugation are the same as the
|
||
normal Imperfect conjugation but the sequential form also has an extra
|
||
prefix, which is a *specialized* form of the
|
||
:ref:`conjunction<conjunction>`.
|
||
The difference between the Sequential Imperfect and the normal
|
||
Imperfect conjugation with the conjunction is in the vowel pattern. The
|
||
normal Imperfect conjugation with the conjunction looks exactly like what
|
||
one would expect: a normal conjunction (וְ) is added to the beginning of
|
||
a normal Imperfect verb (יִקְטֹל) to make a single word
|
||
(וְיִקְטֹל). However, the Sequential Imperfect conjugation looks different
|
||
(וַיִּקְטֹל). In contrast to the normal Imperfect conjugation with the
|
||
conjunction, the Sequential Imperfect conjugation usually contains (1) a
|
||
vowel (usually pathach) under the conjunction instead of the shewa, and
|
||
(2) a daghesh in the prefix consonant of the verbal form (see table
|
||
below).
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: Imperfect conjugation + conjunction (וְ) vs. Sequential Imperfect conjugation
|
||
|
||
Verbal root,Imperfect conjugation + conjunction (וְ),Sequential Imperfect conjugation
|
||
כתב,וְיִכְתֹּב,וַיִּכְתֹּב
|
||
פעל,וְיִפְעַל,וַיִּפְעַל
|
||
קרא,וְיִקְרָא,וַיִּקְרָא
|
||
|
||
Форма
|
||
-----
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Qal Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
|
||
:header-rows: 1
|
||
|
||
Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
|
||
чоловічий однина третя особа,וַיִּקְטֹל,wayyiqtol,(and) he killed
|
||
жіночий однина третя особа,וַתִּקְטֹל,wattiqtol,(and) she killed
|
||
чоловічий однина друга особа,וַתִּקְטֹל,wattiqtol,(and) you killed
|
||
жіночий однина друга особа,וַתִּקְטְלִי,wattiqteli,(and) you killed
|
||
common однина перша особа,וָאֶקְטֹל,wa'eqtol,(and) I killed
|
||
чоловічий множина третя особа,וַיִקְטְלוּ,wayiqtelu,(and) they killed
|
||
жіночий множина третя особа,וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה,wattiqtolenah,(and) they killed
|
||
чоловічий множина друга особа,וַתִּקְטְלוּ,wattiqtelu,(and) you killed
|
||
жіночий множина друга особа,וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה,wattiqtolenah,(and) you killed
|
||
common множина перша особа,וַנִּקְטֹל,wanniqtol,(and) we killed
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Niphal Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
|
||
:header-rows: 1
|
||
|
||
Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
|
||
чоловічий однина третя особа,וַיִּקָּטֵל,wayyiqqatel,(and) he was killed
|
||
жіночий однина третя особа,וַתִּקָּטֵל,wattiqqatel,(and) she was killed
|
||
чоловічий однина друга особа,וַתִּקָּטֵל,wattiqqatel,(and) you were killed
|
||
жіночий однина друга особа,וַתִּקָּטְלִי,wattiqqatli,(and) you were killed
|
||
common однина перша особа,וָאֶקָּטֵל,wa'eqqatel,(and) I was killed
|
||
чоловічий множина третя особа,וַיִּקָּטְלוּ,wayyiqqatlu,(and) they were killed
|
||
жіночий множина третя особа,וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה,wattiqqatalnah,(and) they were killed
|
||
чоловічий множина друга особа,וַתִּקָּטְלוּ,wattiqqatlu,(and) you were killed
|
||
жіночий множина друга особа,וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה,wattiqqatalnah,(and) you were killed
|
||
common множина перша особа,וַנִּקָּטֵל,wanniqqatel,(and) we were killed
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Hiphil Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
|
||
:header-rows: 1
|
||
|
||
Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
|
||
чоловічий однина третя особа,וַיַּקְטֵל,wayyaqtil,(and) he caused to kill
|
||
жіночий однина третя особа,וַתַּקְטֵל,wattaqtil,(and) she caused to kill
|
||
чоловічий однина друга особа,וַתַּקְטֵל,wattaqtil,(and) you caused to kill
|
||
жіночий однина друга особа,וַתַּקְטִילִי,wattaqtili,(and) you caused to kill
|
||
common однина перша особа,וָאַקְטֵל,wa'aqtil,(and) I caused to kill
|
||
чоловічий множина третя особа,וַיַּקְטִילוּ,wayyaqtilu,(and) they caused to kill
|
||
жіночий множина третя особа,וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה,wattaqtelenah,(and) they caused to kill
|
||
чоловічий множина друга особа,וַתַּקְטִילוּ,wattaqtilu,(and) you caused to kill
|
||
жіночий множина друга особа,וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה,wattaqtelenah,(and) you caused to kill
|
||
common множина перша особа,וַנַּקְטֵל,wannaqtil,(and) we caused to kill
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Hophal Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
|
||
:header-rows: 1
|
||
|
||
Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
|
||
чоловічий однина третя особа,וַיָּקְטַל,wayyoqtal,(and) he was caused to kill
|
||
жіночий однина третя особа,וַתָּקְטַל,wattoqtal,(and) whe was caused to kill
|
||
чоловічий однина друга особа,וַתָּקְטַל,wattoqtal,(and) you were caused to kill
|
||
жіночий однина друга особа,וַתָּקְטְלִי,wattoqteli,(and) you were caused to kill
|
||
common однина перша особа,וָאָקְטַל,wa'oqtal,(and) I was caused to kill
|
||
чоловічий множина третя особа,וַיָּקְטְלוּ,wayyoqtelu,(and) they were caused to kill
|
||
жіночий множина третя особа,וַתָּקְטַלְנָה,wattoqtalnah,(and) they were caused to kill
|
||
чоловічий множина друга особа,וַתָּקְטְלוּ,wattoqtelu,(and) you were caused to kill
|
||
жіночий множина друга особа,וַתָּקְטַלְנָה,wattoqtalnah,(and) you were caused to kill
|
||
common множина перша особа,וַנָּקְטַל,wannoqtal,(and) we were caused to kill
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Piel Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
|
||
:header-rows: 1
|
||
|
||
Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
|
||
чоловічий однина третя особа,וַיְּקַטֵּל,wayyeqattel,(and) he slaughtered
|
||
жіночий однина третя особа,וַתְּקַטֵּל,watteqattel,(and) she slaughtered
|
||
чоловічий однина друга особа,וַתְּקַטֵּל,watteqattel,(and) you slaughtered
|
||
жіночий однина друга особа,וַתְּקַטְּלִי,watteqatteli,(and) you slaughtered
|
||
common однина перша особа,וָאֲקַטֵּל,wa'eqattel,(and) I slaughtered
|
||
чоловічий множина третя особа,וַיְּקַטְּלוּ,wayyeqattelu,(and) they slaughtered
|
||
жіночий множина третя особа,וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה,watteqattelnah,(and) they slaughtered
|
||
чоловічий множина друга особа,וַתְּקַטְּלוּ,watteqattelu,(and) you slaughtered
|
||
жіночий множина друга особа,וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה,watteqattelnah,(and) you slaughtered
|
||
common множина перша особа,וַנְּקַטֵּל,wanneqattel,(and) we slaughtered
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Pual Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
|
||
:header-rows: 1
|
||
|
||
Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
|
||
чоловічий однина третя особа,וַיְּקֻטַּל,wayyequttal,(and) he was slaughtered
|
||
жіночий однина третя особа,וַתְּקֻטַּל,wattequttal,(and) she was slaughtered
|
||
чоловічий однина друга особа,וַתְּקֻטַּל,wattequttal,(and) you were slaughtered
|
||
жіночий однина друга особа,וַתְּקֻטְּלִי,wattequtteli,(and) you were slaughtered
|
||
common однина перша особа,וָאֲקֻטַּל,wa'aquttal,(and) I was slaughtered
|
||
чоловічий множина третя особа,וַיְּקֻטְּלוּ,wayyequttelu,(and) they were slaughtered
|
||
жіночий множина третя особа,וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה,wattequttalnah,(and) they were slaughtered
|
||
чоловічий множина друга особа,וַתְּקֻטְּלוּ,wattequttelu,(and) you were slaughtered
|
||
жіночий множина друга особа,וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה,wattequttalnah,(and) you were slaughtered
|
||
common множина перша особа,וַנְּקֻטַּל,wannequttal,(and) we were slaughtered
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Hithpael Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
|
||
:header-rows: 1
|
||
|
||
Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
|
||
чоловічий однина третя особа,וַיְּתְקַטֵּל,wayyithqattel,(and) he killed himself
|
||
жіночий однина третя особа,וַתִּתְקַטֵּל,wattithqattel,(and) she killed herself
|
||
чоловічий однина друга особа,וַתִּתְקַטֵּל,wattithqattel,(and) you killed yourself
|
||
жіночий однина друга особа,וַתִּתְקַטְּלִי,wattithqatteli,(and) you killed yourself
|
||
common однина перша особа,וָאֶתְקַטֵּל,wa'ethqattel,(and) I killed myself
|
||
чоловічий множина третя особа,וַיְּתְקַטְּלוּ,wayyithqattelu,(and) they killed themselves
|
||
жіночий множина третя особа,וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה,wattithqattelnah,(and) they killed themselves
|
||
чоловічий множина друга особа,וַתִּתְקַטְּלוּ,wattithqattelu,(and) you killed yourselves
|
||
жіночий множина друга особа,וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה,wattithqattelnah,(and) you killed yourselves
|
||
common множина перша особа,וַנְּתְקַטֵּל,wannithqattel,(and) we killed ourselves
|
||
|
||
Функція
|
||
-------
|
||
|
||
The Sequential Imperfect conjugation indicates any one of these kinds of
|
||
verbal actions:
|
||
|
||
Completed actions, or actions in the past
|
||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 12:1
|
||
|
||
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם
|
||
**wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram
|
||
**and-he-said** Йагве to\_Abram
|
||
**Now** Йагве **said** to Abram
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 13:1
|
||
|
||
וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם
|
||
**wayya'al** 'avram mimmitsrayim
|
||
**and-he-went-up** Abram from-Egypt
|
||
**So** Abram **went up** from Egypt
|
||
|
||
:ref:`Stative<verb-stative>` actions
|
||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||
|
||
This kind of action describes a state or condition, often (but not always) with a passive :ref:`stem formation<stem>`.
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 22:19
|
||
|
||
וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְרָהָ֖ם בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע
|
||
**wayyeshev** 'avraham biv'er shava'
|
||
**and-he-remained** Abraham in-Beer Sheba
|
||
**and** Abraham **lived** at Beersheba.
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 21:8
|
||
|
||
וַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל
|
||
**wayyigdal** hayyeled **wayyiggamal**
|
||
**And-he-grew** the-child **and-he-was-weaned**
|
||
The child **grew and was weaned**
|
||
|
||
Actions that are paired together in a sentence (often with the verb היה)
|
||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: JOB 1:6
|
||
|
||
וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם **וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙** בְּנֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים
|
||
**wayhi** hayyom **wayyavo'u** bene ha'elohim
|
||
**and-it-came** the-day **and-they-went** sons-of the-God
|
||
**And then came** the day **when** the sons of God **came**
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: JUD 19:27
|
||
|
||
וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר **וַיִּפְתַּח֙** דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת
|
||
**wayyaqom** 'adoneyha babboqer **wayyiftah** dalthoth habbayith
|
||
"**and-he-rose-up** her-lord in-the-morning **and-he-opened** doors-of
|
||
the-house"
|
||
"Her master **rose up** in the morning **and opened** the doors of the
|
||
house"
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 1:28
|
||
|
||
וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹהִים֒ **וַיֹּ֨אמֶר** לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים
|
||
wayvarekh 'otham 'elohim wayyomer lahem 'elohim
|
||
**And-he-blessed** them God **and-he-said** to-them God
|
||
God **blessed** them **and** God **said** to them
|