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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/User./uk_uhg/src/branch/master/content/state_construct.rst
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.. _state_construct:
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State Construct
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===============
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Висновок
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--------
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The contruct state is a modified form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to the standard form
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called the absolute state. The construct state is used when a word takes a suffix or is connected to another term in a
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construct chain.
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Визначення
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----------
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:ref:`Nouns<noun>`, :ref:`adjectives<adjective>`, :ref:`participles<participle_active>` and
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:ref:`infinitives<infinitive_construct>` can appear in either the :ref:`absolute state<state_absolute>` or the construct state.
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The construct state ending is shorter than the absolute state ending and can take an attached :ref:`suffix<suffix>`.
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Nouns, adjectives and participles can appear in either the absolute state or the construct state for both
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:ref:`чоловічий<gender_чоловічий>` and :ref:`жіночий<gender_жіночий>` terms in both :ref:`однина<number_однина>`
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and :ref:`множина<number_множина>` forms. Because infinitives do not change form for either gender or number, there is
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usually only one :ref:`infinitive construct<infinitive_construct>` form and one :ref:`infinitive absolute<infinitive_absolute>`
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form of a verb in Biblical Hebrew.
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.. note:: Many чоловічий однина nouns appear exactly alike in both the absolute state and the construct state.
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The construct state serves a unique function in Biblical Hebrew to grammatically link a word to the following word(s),making
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a single grammatical unit called a :ref:`construct chain<state_construct-construct-chain>`. Words in a construct chain are often
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translated into English with the word "of" between them. Construct chains can consist of two words (for example, "the *king* of
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*Israel*") or more than two words (for example, "the *son* of the *king* of *Israel*").
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Форма
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-----
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For most nouns, the чоловічий однина form is identical to the absolute state. The чоловічий множина construct ending drops the
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final ם and changes the final hireq to a segol (i-sound to e-sound).
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Usually, the жіночий однина construct ending changes from a final ה to a final ת. The жіночий множина construct ending is
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identical to the absolute state.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Construct State Examples
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Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
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"Noun, чоловічий однина construct",סוּס,sus,stallion of
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"Noun, чоловічий множина construct",סוּסֵי,suse,stallions of
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"Noun, жіночий однина construct",סוּסַת,susat,mare of
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"Noun, жіночий множина construct",סוּסוֹת,susoth,mares of
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Функція
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-------
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Appearing with a suffix
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: 2SA 17:23
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וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
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wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
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And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city**
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He went **home** to **his own city**
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.. _state_construct-construct-chain:
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Forming a construct chain
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Two or more terms that are gramatically linked together to form a construct chain can express a wide range of meanings.
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The initial term(s) in a construct chain always appears in the construct state and is called the "construct noun(s)."
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The final term in a construct chain always appears in the absolute state and is called the
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:ref:`"absolute noun"<state_absolute-absolute-noun>`. The absolute noun always determines whether a construct chain is
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:ref:`definite<state_absolute-definite-chain>` or :ref:`indefinite<state_absolute-indefinite-chain>`.
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Possessive
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^^^^^^^^^^
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A construct noun can indicate a person/thing possessed by the absolute noun.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: 1KI 9:10
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בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
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**beth** hammelekh
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**house-of** the-king
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the king\ **'s palace**
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Relational
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^^^^^^^^^^
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A construct noun can indicate a kind of personal relationship with reference to the absolute noun.
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EXAMPLE
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Material
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^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the substance or material of the construct noun.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: 1KI 10:25
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כְּלֵ֣י כֶסֶף֩
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**kele** khesef
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**vessels-of** silver
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**vessels** of silver
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Attributive
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can describe the construct noun, similar to an :ref:`attributive adjective<adjective-attributive>`.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: ISA 6:13
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זֶ֥רַע קֹ֖דֶשׁ
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**zera'** qodesh
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**seed-of** holiness
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a holy **seed**
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Indicative
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^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the specific item described by the construct noun.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: EXO 7:19
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אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם
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**'erets** mitsrayim
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**land-of** Egypt
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**the land** of Egypt
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Purpose/Result
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate an intended purpose/result for the construct noun.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: PSA 44:22 (PSA 44:23 in Hebrew)
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כְּצֹ֣אן טִבְחָֽה
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**ketson** tivhah
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**like-sheep-of** slaughter
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**as sheep for** the slaughter
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Agent/Instrument
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the person/thing by which the construct noun is performed.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: ISA 53:4
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מֻכֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים
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**mukkeh** 'elohim
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**struck-of** God
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**struck by** God
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Subject/object of an action
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the person/thing that either performs or receives the action described by the construct noun.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: EXO 3:8
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אֶ֛רֶץ \ **זָבַ֥ת** חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ
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'erets **zavath** halav udevash
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land **flowing-with** milk and-honey
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a land **flowing with** milk and honey
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Superlative
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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A construct noun can indicate a unique item among a series described by the absolute noun.
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: SNG 1:1
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שִׁ֥יר הַשִּׁירִ֖ים
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**shir** hashirim
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**Song-of** the-songs
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The greatest **song**
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