See in Reader
131 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
131 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/User./uk_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_negative.rst
|
||
|
||
.. _particle_negative:
|
||
|
||
Particle Negative
|
||
=================
|
||
|
||
Висновок
|
||
--------
|
||
|
||
Negative particles are terms that negate some aspect of a sentence, either an indiviподвійне word or an entire phrase.
|
||
|
||
Визначення
|
||
----------
|
||
|
||
אַיִן or אֵין
|
||
-------------
|
||
|
||
This term is used in verbless clauses to negate an entire clause or
|
||
sentence. It is sometimes classified as a :ref:`noun<noun_common>`
|
||
but usually appears in the verbal position of normal :ref:`word order<word_order>`.
|
||
Literally, the term is translated in English as "there is no" or "there
|
||
is not"; but the English translation is often simplified to "is not"
|
||
(see example below).
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: ISA 45:5
|
||
|
||
אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ **וְאֵ֣ין** עֹ֔וד זוּלָתִ֖י **אֵ֣ין** אֱלֹהִ֑ים
|
||
'ani yehwah **we'en** 'owd zulathi **'en** 'elohim
|
||
"I Йагве **and-there-is-no** beside apart-from-me **there-is-no**
|
||
God."
|
||
"I am Йагве, **and there is no** other; **there is no** God but me."
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: 2KI 1:3
|
||
|
||
הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
|
||
**hamibbeli 'en**-'elohim beyisra'el
|
||
**For-nothing is-there-no**\ \_God in-Israel?
|
||
Is it because **there is no** God in Israel?
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 37:29
|
||
|
||
וְהִנֵּ֥ה \ **אֵין**\ ־יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבּ֑וֹר
|
||
wehinneh **'en**-yosef babbor
|
||
and-behold **there-is-no**\ \_Joseph in-the-pit
|
||
"and, behold, Joseph **was not** in the pit"
|
||
|
||
.. _particle_negative-lo:
|
||
|
||
לֹא
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
The word לֹא is the standard negative particle in Biblical Hebrew. This
|
||
term often negates verbs, but it has potential to negate other kinds of
|
||
words as well. In English, it is usually translated as "no" or "not".
|
||
When used with :ref:`2nd person<person_second>`
|
||
:ref:`imperfect<verb_imperfect-negative-directive>`
|
||
verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a more
|
||
emphatic command than the use of the negative particle אַל (with an imperfect verb).
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 2:17
|
||
|
||
לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ
|
||
**lo** thokhal mimmennu
|
||
**not** you-eat from-it
|
||
you may **not** eat from it
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: JER 43:2
|
||
|
||
לֹֽא־\ **תָבֹ֥אוּ** מִצְרַ֖יִם לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם
|
||
lo-\ **thavo'u** mitsrayim lagur sham
|
||
not\_\ **you-go** Egypt to-sojourn there
|
||
Do not **go** to Egypt to live there.
|
||
|
||
.. _particle_negative-al:
|
||
|
||
אַל
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
The term אַַל is almost exclusively used to negate verbs; it is also the
|
||
standard particle used to negate :ref:`jussive<verb_jussive>` and :ref:`cohortative<verb_cohortative>` verbs. When
|
||
used with :ref:`2nd person<person_second>`
|
||
:ref:`imperfect<verb_imperfect>`
|
||
verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a less
|
||
emphatic command than the use of the negative particle לֹא.
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 21:16
|
||
|
||
אַל־אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּמ֣וֹת הַיָּ֑לֶד
|
||
**'al**-'er'eh bemoth hayyaled
|
||
**Not**\ \_I-will-look in-death-of the-child.
|
||
Let me **not** look upon the death of the child.
|
||
|
||
בִּלְתִּי
|
||
---------
|
||
|
||
This term is sometimes used (especially with לְ) to negate :ref:`infinitive construct<infinitive_construct>`
|
||
verbs, and is usually translated in English as "no" or "not".
|
||
|
||
.. note:: This term is most often used as a concessive :ref:`conjunction<conjunction>`;
|
||
a dictionary or lexicon will indicate the specific use of
|
||
this particle in each indiviподвійне context.
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 3:11
|
||
|
||
צִוִּיתִ֛יךָ \ **לְבִלְתִּ֥י** אֲכָל־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ
|
||
tsiwwithikha **leviltiy** 'akhol-mimmennu
|
||
I-commanded-you **to-not** eat\_from-it
|
||
I commanded you **to not** eat from it
|
||
|
||
בַּל or בְּלִי (sometimes בְּלֹא)
|
||
---------------------------------
|
||
|
||
These particles are usually used in poetry and carry no special meaning
|
||
other than to negate a word or concept within a sentence. In English,
|
||
they are usually translated as "no" or "not".
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: PSA 19:3 (PSA 19:4 in Hebrew)
|
||
|
||
בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם
|
||
**beli** nishma' qolam
|
||
**not** is-heard their-voice
|
||
their voice is **not** heard
|
||
|
||
.. csv-table:: Приклад: NUM 35:23
|
||
|
||
בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת
|
||
**belo** re'oth
|
||
**without** seeing
|
||
**without** seeing
|