:github_url: https://git.door43.org/User./uk_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_direct_object_marker.rst

.. _particle_direct_object_marker:

Particle Direct Object Marker
=============================

Висновок
--------

This particle immediately precedes the term that functions as the direct object of a verb.

Визначення
----------

As the name suggests, the direct object marker indicates the direct object of some verb. It does this by directly preceding
the :ref:`noun<noun>` or phrase that functions as the direct object of a :ref:`verb<verb>` (either :ref:`finite<verb-finite>` or
:ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>`). The direct object marker does not occur before *every* direct object, but it usually appears
in places where there might be confusion. Thus, the direct object marker is not strictly necessary in Biblical Hebrew. Many
languages, including English, do not have any specific word or symbol that serves a similar function; instead, those languages
use other means of indicating the direct object of a verb (such as word order). Therefore, in many translations this particle
is never translated.

The standard form of the direct object marker is אֵת. It can take both the prefixed :ref:`conjunction<conjunction>`
and/or a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`.

.. note:: The direct object marker is easily confused with the preposition
          אֵת ("with") which has an identical standard form. When taking a
          pronominal suffix, however, the two words can be distinguished by the
          vowel they each select. The direct object marker takes a holem or holem-waw
          vowel with an attached suffix (אוֹתִי or אֹתִי), whereas the preposition
          takes a hireq vowel (אִתִּי) with an attached suffix.

.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 1:1 –– marking indiviподвійне nouns as direct objects

  בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים **אֵ֥ת** הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם **וְאֵ֥ת** הָאָֽרֶץ׃
  ara 'elohim **'eth** hashamayim **we'eth** ha'arets
  he-created God **[dir.obj]** the-heavens **and-[dir.obj]** the-earth
  God created the heavens and the earth

.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 1:29 –– marking an entire phrase as the direct object

  נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם **אֶת**\ ־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב׀ זֹרֵ֣עַ זֶ֗רַע
  nathatti lakhem **'eth**-kol-'esev zorea' zera'
  I-have-given to-you **[dir.obj]**\ \_every\_plant seeding seed
  I have given you every plant yielding seed

.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 2:10 –– marking the direct object of a non-finite verb

  וְנָהָרּ֙ יֹצֵ֣א מֵעֵ֔דֶן לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת **אֶת**\ ־הַגָּ֑ן
  wenahar yotse me'eden lehashqoth **'eth**-haggan
  "And-a-river going-out from-Eden to-irrigate
     **[dir.obj]**\ \_the-garden"
  A river went out of Eden to water the garden.

.. csv-table:: Приклад: JDG 10:13 –– with 1st common однина pronominal suffix

  וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י
  we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi**
  And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me**
  Yet you abandoned me