:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_demonstrative.rst

.. _particle_demonstrative:

Particle Demonstrative
======================

Summary
-------

Demonstrative particles function to direct the attention of a listener or reader.

Article
-------

Biblical Hebrew has only a few demonstrative particles, with the two most common ones being הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן. The specific function
of a demonstrative particle is to draw attention to whatever immediately follows the particle, either a single word or an entire
phrase. Similar to the :ref:`exhortation particle<particle_exhortation>`, demonstrative particles are sometimes left untranslated.
Demonstrative particles can stand alone or take a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>` and/or a prefixed
:ref:`conjunction<conjunction>`.  

Function
--------

Directs the attention of the listener
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When used in direct speech, the demonstrative particle functions to direct the attention of the person listening to the speech.
This function of the demonstrative particle also serves to make a presentation of a person/thing from one person to another
(see GEN 12:19 below).

.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 3:11

  הִנֵּה֙ אֲרֹ֣ון הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲדֹ֖ון כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֹבֵ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם
     בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
  "**hinneh** 'arown habberith 'adown kol-ha'arets 'over lifnekhem
     bayyarden"
  "**Look** ark-of the-covenant-of lord-of all\_the-earth is-crossing
     before-you into-the-Jordan."
  "**Look!** The ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth
     crosses over ahead of you into the Jordan."

.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 65:1

  אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ **הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי** אֶל־גֹּ֖וי לֹֽא־קֹרָ֥א
     בִשְׁמִֽי׃
  'amartiy **hinneni hinneni** 'el-gowy lo-qora vishmi
  I-said **look-me look-me** to\_nation not\_called by-my-name.
  I said ""**Here I am! Here I am!**"" to a nation that did not call on my name.

.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:19

  וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ׃
  insert transliteration
  and-now **behold** your-wife take and-go
  Now therefore **here is** your wife. Take her, and go your way.

Directs the attention of the reader
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When used in narrative or poetry (not in direct speech), the demonstrative particles functions to direct the attention of the
person reading the text. This function of the demonstrative particle often directs the attention of the reader to a scene that
a person within the narrative is observing at that moment (see GEN 1:31 and GEN 8:13 below).

.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 40:10

  הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרֹו֙ אִתֹּ֔ו
  **hinneh** sekharow 'ittow
  **Look** his-reward with-him
  "**See**, his reward is with him"

 .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:31

   וַיַּ֤רְא אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד 
  insert transliteration
  And-he-saw God [dir.obj]\_all\_that he-made **and-behold**\_good very
  God saw everything that he had made. **Behold,** it was very good.

.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 8:13

  וַיַּ֕רְא וְהִנֵּ֥ה חָֽרְב֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הָֽאֲדָמָֽה
  insert transliteration
  And-he-saw **and-behold** it-was-dry face-of [def.art]-ground
  looked out, and saw that **behold** the surface of the ground was dry