:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_interrogative.rst .. _particle_interrogative: Particle Interrogative ====================== Summary ------- The interrogative particle shows that a sentence is a question. Article ------- The interrogative particle can be a ה-prefix, but also appears in the form of separate words such as מָה and מִי and לָמָה. The interrogative particle typically appears at the beginning of a clause in order to indicate that the following clause or sentence is a question. Form ---- The interrogative particle appearing as a ה-prefix can be differentiated from the :ref:`particle_definite_article` by checking the context and also the vowels under the ה, and the lack of a dagesh since the radical after the interrogative ה is not doubled. Also, the definite article can only occur before :ref:`adjective`, :ref:`pronoun`, and :ref:`participle_active`, while the interrogative particle can appear before other words as well. Paradigm ~~~~~~~~ .. csv-table:: Interrogative Particle With a standard noun :header-rows: 1 Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss noun,סוּס,sus,horse noun + definite article,הַסּוּס,hassus,the horse noun + interrogative particle,הֲסוּס,hasus,a horse? .. csv-table:: Interrogative Particle With a shewa under the first letter :header-rows: 1 Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss noun,מְרַגֵּל,meraggel,spy noun + definite article,הַמְּרַגֵּל,hammeraggel,the spy noun + interrogative particle,הַמְרַגֵּל,hamraggel,a spy? .. csv-table:: Interrogative Particle With a first guttural :header-rows: 1 Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss noun,אִישׁ,'ish,man noun + definite article,הָאִישׁ,ha'ish,the man noun + interrogative particle,הַאִישׁ,ha'ish,a man? .. csv-table:: Interrogative Particle With a first guttural that has a qamets :header-rows: 1 Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss noun,אָב,'av,father noun + definite article,הָאָב,ha'av,the father noun + interrogative particle,הֶאָב,he'av,a father? Examples -------- .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 43:7 הֲיֵ֣שׁ לָכֶ֣ם אָ֔ח **hayesh** lakhem 'ah **[quest.]-is-there** to-you brother **Do** you **have** a brother\ **?** .. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 20:17 הַאַתָּ֥ה יוֹאָ֖ב **ha'attah** yo'av **[quest.]-are-you** Joab **Are you** Joab\ **?** איך and איכה ~~~~~~~~~~~~ איך and איכה = how? why? how! .. csv-table:: Example: PSA 137:4 אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר **'ekh** nashir **How** will-we-sing **How** could we sing? אי and איה ~~~~~~~~~~ אי and איה = where? where is? .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 4:9 אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל **'e** hevel **Where** Abel **Where** is Abel? מָתַי ~~~~~ The major temporal adverb is מָתַי "when?" It is often in the combination עַד־מָתַי "how long?" .. csv-table:: Example: JOB 7:4 מָתַ֣י אָ֭קוּם **mathay** 'aqum **When** will-I-get-up **How long will it be** until I get up? .. csv-table:: Example: PSA 74:10 עַד־מָתַ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים יְחָ֣רֶף צָ֑ר **'ad-mathay** 'elohim yeharef tsar **How\_long** God will-throw-insults enemy "God, **how long** will our enemies make fun of you?" לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה‮‬ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה‮‬ "why?" .. csv-table:: Example: PSA 42:9 (PSA 42:10 in Hebrew) "לָמָ֪ה שְׁכַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי **לָֽמָּה**\ ־קֹדֵ֥ר אֵלֵ֗ךְ בְּלַ֣חַץ אוֹיֵֽב׃" **lamah** shekhahtani **lammah**-qoder 'elekh belahats 'oyev "**Why** have-you-forgotten-me **why** mourning I-will-go because-of-oppression-of enemy" "**Why** have you forgotten me? You know the hardships that my enemies bring on me." מַדּ֖וּעַ ~~~~~~~~~ מַדּ֖וּעַ why? .. csv-table:: Example: 2KI 8:12 מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה **maddua'** 'adoni vokheh **Why** my-master is-weeping "Sir, **why** are you crying?" עַד־אָן ~~~~~~~ עַד־אָן how long? .. csv-table:: Example: JOB 8:2 עַד־אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־אֵ֑לֶּה **'ad-'an** temallel-'elleh **How\_long** will-you-say\_these-things **How much longer** will you talk like this? אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה ~~~~~~~~~~~~ אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה from where? .. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 25:11 לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי **אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה** הֵֽמָּה׃ la'anashim 'asher lo yada'ti **'e mizzeh** hemmah to-men who not I-know **where from this** they. to men who come **from** I do not know **where**? ---------------------------------- Joel: the material below came from pronoun article and needs editing Asking for a person (מִי) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "who?" .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 24:65 מִֽי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַלָּזֶה֙ **mi**-ha'ish hallazeh **Who**\ \_the-man the-that **Who** is that man? .. csv-table:: Example: EXO 15:11 מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה **mi**-khamokhah ba'elim yehwah **Who**\ \_like-you among-the-gods Yahweh "**Who** is like you, Yahweh, among the gods?" With לְ preposition ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "to whom?" .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 32:18 לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙ **lemi**-'attoh **To-whom**\ \_you **To whom** do you belong? Wish or optative ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "I wish that someone" or "if only someone" .. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 15:4 מִי־יְשִׂמֵ֥נִי שֹׁפֵ֖ט בָּאָ֑רֶץ **mi**-yesimeni shofet ba'arets **Who**\ \_will-put-me judge in-the-land **I wish that** I were made judge in the land! .. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 23:15 מִ֚י יַשְׁקֵ֣נִי מַ֔יִם **mi** yashqeni mayim **Who** will-give-me water **If only someone** would give me water! :ref:`adverb` ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Functioning like an interrogative adverb of manner "how" .. csv-table:: Example: AMO 7:2 מִ֥י יָק֖וּם יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב **mi** yaqum ya'aqov **How** will-survive Jacob **How** will Jacob survive? Asking for a thing (מָה) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "what?" .. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 20:1 מַה־פִּשְׁעִי֙ **mah**-ppish'iy **What**\ \_my-iniquity **What** is my iniquity? .. csv-table:: Example: JDG 18:18 מָ֥ה אַתֶּ֖ם עֹשִֽׂים **mah** 'attem 'osim **What** you are-doing **What** are you doing? with prepositions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ by what / how (בַּמָּה) ''''''''''''''''''''''' .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 15:8 בַּמָּ֥ה אֵדַ֖ע **bammah** 'eda' **In-the-what** will-I-know **How** will I know? like what / how many, how much (כַּמָּה) '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 47:8 כַּמָּ֕ה יְמֵ֖י שְׁנֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ **kammah** yeme shene hayyeykha **Like-what** days-of years-of your-life **How long** have you lived? for what / why (לָמָּה) ''''''''''''''''''''''' .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 4:6 לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ **וְלָ֖מָּה** נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ **lommah** harah lakh **welammah** noflu faneykha **For-what** you-angry to-you **and-for-what** has-fallen your-face **Why** are you angry **and why** are you scowling? until what / how long (עַד־מָה) ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .. csv-table:: Example: PSA 79:5 עַד־מָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תֶּאֱנַ֣ף לָנֶ֑צַח **'ad-mah** yehwah te'enaf lanetsah **Until\_what** Yahweh will-you-be-angry forever "**How long**, Yahweh? Will you stay angry forever?" upon what / why (עַל־מָה) ''''''''''''''''''''''''' .. csv-table:: Example: NUM 22:32 עַל־מָ֗ה הִכִּ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־אֲתֹ֣נְךָ֔ **'al-mah** hikkitha 'eth-'athonekha **On\_what** did-you-strike [dir.obj]\_your-donkey **Why** have you struck your donkey? :ref:`adverb` ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Functioning like an interrogative adverb of manner "how" .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 44:16 וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק **wumah**-nnitstaddaq **and-what** we-will-justify-ourselves **or how** can we justify ourselves? why ^^^ .. csv-table:: Example: EXO 14:15 מַה־תִּצְעַ֖ק אֵלָ֑י **mah**-tits'aq 'ela **what**\ \_you-cry-out to-me **why** are you continuing to call out to me? :ref:`adverb` used to introduce a question ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Adverb of manner "how?" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ אֵיךְ .. csv-table:: Example: PSA 137:4 אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר **'ekh** nashir **How** can-we-sing **How** could we sing? .. csv-table:: Example: 1KI 12:6 אֵ֚יךְ אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים **'ekh** 'attem no'atsim **How** you advise **How** do you advise me Adverb of place "where?" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ אַיֵּה / אֵי .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 18:9 אַיֵּ֖ה שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ **'ayyeh** sarah 'ishtekha **Where** Sarah your-wife **Where** is Sarah your wife? .. csv-table:: Example: Gen 4:9 אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יךָ **'e** hevel 'ahikha **Where** Abel your-brother "**Where** is Abel, your brother?" .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 19:5 אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ **'ayyeh** ha'anashim 'asher-ba'u 'eleykha **Where** the-men that\_came-in to-you **Where** are the men that came in to you?