:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_demonstrative.rst

.. _particle_demonstrative:

Particle Demonstrative
======================

Summary
-------

Demonstrative particles are used to draw attention to the reader or the
listener.

Article
-------

Hebrew only has a few demonstrative particles, the two most common ones
are הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן. This particle can be preceded by a conjunction.
While הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן are often translated, the function of a
demonstrative particle is to draw attention to what comes immediately
after it. Because the purpose of this particle is often to draw the
attention of the reader to the following word, the particle itself can
often be left untranslated. This is similar to the :ref:`particle_direct_object_marker`
in the sense that the point of a demonstrative particle is often its
function and not necessarily its translation value.

Function
--------

Independently
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The demonstrative particle occurs at the beginning of a clause

.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 3:11 - in front of a verbal clause

  "הִנֵּה֙ אֲרֹ֣ון הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲדֹ֖ון כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֹבֵ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם
     בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃"
  "**hinneh** 'arown habberith 'adown kol-ha'arets 'over lifnekhem
     bayyarden"
  "**Look** ark-of the-covenant-of lord-of all\_the-earth is-crossing
     before-you into-the-Jordan."
  "**Look!** The ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth
     crosses over ahead of you into the Jordan."

.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 40:10 - in front of a verbless clause

  הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרֹו֙ אִתֹּ֔ו
  **hinneh** sekharow 'ittow
  **Look** his-reward with-him
  "**See**, his reward is with him"

With a :ref:`suffix_pronominal`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 65:1

  "אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ **הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי** אֶל־גֹּ֖וי לֹֽא־קֹרָ֥א
     בִשְׁמִֽי׃"
  'amartiy **hinneni hinneni** 'el-gowy lo-qora vishmi
  I-said **look-me look-me** to\_nation not\_called by-my-name.
  "I said, ""**Here I am! Here I am!**"" to a nation that did not call on
     my name."