Joel's edits to UHG v.1 (#455)

content/stem.rst

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ group.
   **they-have-killed-each-other** the-kings
   the kings **have killed each other**
 
-.. _rare-stems:
+.. _stem-uncommon:
 
 Rare stem formations
 --------------------

content/stem_hiphil.rst

@@ -15,18 +15,15 @@ context and the specific verb.
 Article
 -------
 
-The Hiphil form is a verbal
-:ref:`stem`
-formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a הִ prefix before
+The Hiphil form is a verbal :ref:`stem formation<stem>` in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a הִ prefix before
 the 1st radical and a hireq-yod (or sometimes tsere) vowel under the 2nd
 radical of the
-:ref:`verb`.
+:ref:`verb<verb>`.
 (This ה changes in the
-:ref:`participle_active`
-and :ref:`verb_imperfect`
+:ref:`participle<participle_active>` and :ref:`Imperfect<verb_imperfect>`
 forms.) The Hiphil stem is generally used to express causative action in
 active voice. In many cases the
-:ref:`noun`
+:ref:`noun<noun>`
 derived from the same root is the object or result of the hiphil verb
 associated with that root. For example, the Hiphil verb הִמְטִיר means
 "to cause to rain down"; the noun מָטָר means "rain".
@@ -151,11 +148,11 @@ Expresses causative action
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Causative action means that the subject of the verb is causing the
-object of the verb either to perform the verbal action (:ref:`verb-dynamic-or-action-verbs`)
-or to be in the state described by the verb (:ref:`verb-stative-or-non-action-verbs`).
+object of the verb either to perform the verbal action (for :ref:`dynamic<verb-dynamic>` verb)
+or to be in the state described by the verb (for :ref:`stative<verb-stative>` verbs).
 The Hiphil stem usually serves this causative function with dynamic
 verbs (and sometimes with stative verbs also). A good example is the
-verb בּוֹא. In the Qal stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses the simple action
+verb בּוֹא. In the :ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses the simple action
 "to come" or "to go". But in the Hiphil stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses
 the causative action "to bring" (meaning, *to cause something to
 come/go*). In English, causative action is expressed using the main verb
@@ -197,7 +194,7 @@ well as the appropriate meaning(s).
   For Baruch son of Neriah **is inciting** you against us
 
 Some verbs express *different* meanings in *different* stem formations.
-A good example is the verb גָּלָה. In the :ref:`stem_qal`,
+A good example is the verb גָּלָה. In the :ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem,
 the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action "to uncover" or "to reveal".
 But in the Hiphil stem, the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action "to
 exile". Again, this will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon.
@@ -211,7 +208,7 @@ exile". Again, this will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon.
 
 Some verbs express the *same* meaning in *multiple* stem formations. A
 good example is the verb יָדַע, which expresses the causative action "to
-make known" (meaning, *to cause to know*) in both the :ref:`stem_piel`
+make known" (meaning, *to cause to know*) in both the :ref:`Piel<stem_piel>` stem
 and the Hiphil stem. This also will be indicated by a dictionary or
 lexicon.
 

content/stem_hishtaphel.rst

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ the Hiphil and expresses causative action in active voice.
 Article
 -------
 
-The Hishtaphel is a :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon-stems>`
+The Hishtaphel is a :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>`
 that is unrelated to any other :ref:`stem<stem>`. Similar to the :ref:`Hiphil<stem_hiphil>`, it
 expresses :ref:`causative<stem-action-causative>` action in :ref:`active<stem-voice-active>` voice. In Biblical Hebrew, this
 stem is used almost exclusively with the common verb חוי / חוה, meaning

content/stem_hithpael.rst

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ Piel stem.
 Article
 -------
 
-The Hithpael stem is formed from the :ref:`stem_piel`
+The Hithpael stem is formed from the :ref:`Piel<stem_piel>` stem
 by adding the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) and changing the vowel under the
-1st radical. Like the Piel and Pual
-:ref:`stem`,
+1st radical. Like the Piel and :ref:`Pual<stem_pual>`
+:ref:`stems<stem>`,
 it usually has a daghesh in the 2nd radical of the
-:ref:`verb`.
-Generally speaking, the Hithpael stem expresses the reflexive voice of
+:ref:`verb<verb>`.
+Generally speaking, the Hithpael stem expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of
 the meaning of a verb in the Piel stem. However, the Hithpael stem is
 quite flexible in its use and can express other kinds of verbal action,
 depending on the context and the specific verb.
@@ -148,16 +148,15 @@ Function
 The Hithpael stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal
 action:
 
-Expresses the reflexive voice of the Piel stem
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the Piel stem
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Hithpael stems in
-Biblical Hebrew, the Hithpael stem expresses the same kind of action as
-the Piel stem (simple, intensive, resultative, causative, etc.) but in
-reflexive voice. (See the article on the :ref:`stem_niphal`
-for the definition of reflexive voice.) A good example is the verb
-יָדַע. In the Qal stem, the verb יָדַע means "to know" (simple action,
-active voice). But in the Piel stem, the verb יָדַע means "to make
+For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Hithpael stems in Biblical Hebrew, the Hithpael stem expresses the same kind of
+action as the Piel stem (:ref:`simple<stem-action-simple>`, :ref:`intensive<stem-action-intensive>`,
+:ref:`resultative<stem-action-resultative>`, :ref:`causative<stem-action-causative>`, etc.) but in
+reflexive voice. A good example is the verb
+יָדַע. In the :ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem, the verb יָדַע means "to know" (simple action,
+active voice). But in the :ref:`Piel<stem_piel>` stem, the verb יָדַע means "to make
 known" (causative action, active voice). Thus, in the Hithpael stem, the
 verb יָדַע means "to make oneself known" (causative action, reflexive
 voice).
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ Expresses simple reflexive action
 The Hithpael stem can be used to express simple reflexive action in two
 ways. First, the Hithpael stem can express a simple action in reflexive
 voice. In these cases, usually the Hithpael stem functions as the
-reflexive voice of the *Qal* (or perhaps Niphal) stem rather than the
+reflexive voice of the *Qal* (or perhaps :ref:`Niphal<stem_niphal>`) stem rather than the
 *Piel* stem. This is the case with the verb אָבַל ("to mourn"), as shown
 in the example below. Secondly, the Hithpael stem can also express
 simple action of a verb that is reflexive by its very nature. In these
@@ -219,10 +218,9 @@ Expresses various other kinds of verbal action
 
 Sometimes the Hithpael form functions in ways that do not follow the
 strictly the reflexive conventions of the Hithpael stem as listed above.
-Some verbs use the Hithpael stem to describe reciprocal action, middle
-action, passive action, and/or perhaps even stative or other kinds of
-verbal action. (See the article on the :ref:`stem_niphal`
-for the definitions of these kinds of verbal action.) A dictionary or
+Some verbs use the Hithpael stem to describe :ref:`reciprocal<stem-voice-reciprocal>` voice, :ref:`middle<stem-voice-middle>`
+voice, :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passive>` voice, as well as :ref:`stative<verb-stative>` or other kinds of
+verbal action. A dictionary or
 lexicon will indicate the correct meaning in these instances of the
 Hithpael stem.
 

content/stem_hithpalpel.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The Hithpalpel :ref:`stem<stem>` is a variation of the :ref:`Hithpael<stem_hithp
 and expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Pilpel<stem_pilpel>` stem.
 The Hithpalpel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd
 radical and repeating the 1st and 3rd radicals, thus making a form that
-appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in
+appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>` in
 Biblical Hebrew. Many of the verbs in the the Hithpalpel stem in the
 Hebrew Bible are from the root מָהַהּ ("to linger, delay"). It is
 recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise

content/stem_hithpoel.rst

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Article
 The Hithpoel :ref:`stem<stem>` is a variation of the :ref:`Hithpael<stem_hithpael>` stem
 and expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Poel<stem_poel>` stem.
 The Hithpoel stem is formed from the Hithpael stem by a vowel change. It
-is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended
+is an extremely :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>` in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended
 to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of
 any verb in the Hithpoel stem.
 

content/stem_hithpolel.rst

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ It expresses the reflexive voice of the Polel stem.
 Article
 -------
 
-The Hithpolel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_hithpael`
-and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_polel`.
+The Hithpolel stem is a variation of the :ref:`Hithpael<stem_hithpael>`
+and expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Polel<stem_polel>` stem.
 The Hithpolel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd
 radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a
-rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always*
+:ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>` in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always*
 consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in
 the Hithpolel stem.
 

content/stem_hophal.rst

@@ -15,21 +15,21 @@ Article
 -------
 
 The Hophal
-:ref:`stem`
+:ref:`stem<stem>`
 is the passive form of the
-:ref:`stem_hiphil`
+:ref:`Hiphil<stem_hiphil>`
 stem formation in Biblical Hebrew. The Hophal stem is usually indicated
 by either a הָ or הֻ prefix to the
 :ref:`verb`.
 (The ה changes in the
-:ref:`participle_active`
-and :ref:`verb_imperfect`
-forms.) The Hophal stem usually expresses the passive voice of the
+:ref:`participle<participle_active>`
+and :ref:`Imperfect<verb_imperfect>`
+forms.) The Hophal stem usually expresses the :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passive>` voice of the
 meaning of a verb in the Hiphil stem. Scholars sometimes disagree
 whether certain verb forms should be classified as belonging to the
 Hophal, the
-:ref:`stem_pual`
-or even the :ref:`stem_qal_passive`
+:ref:`Pual<stem_pual>`
+or even the :ref:`Qal Passive<stem_qal_passive>`
 stem. In English, passive voice is expressed using the helping verb "to
 be." In Biblical Hebrew, the passive nature of the verbal action is
 expressed by the Hophal form of the verb itself without any helping
@@ -128,15 +128,15 @@ Function
 
 The Hophal stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action:
 
-Expresses the passive voice of the Hiphil stem
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Expresses the :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passive>` voice of the Hiphil stem
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 For most verbs that appear in Hiphil stem in Biblical Hebrew, the Hophal
 stem expresses the same kind of simple or causative action as the Hiphil
 stem, but in passive voice. A good example is the verb בּוֹא. In the
-:ref:`stem_qal`,
-the verb בּוֹא means "to come" or "to go" (simple action, active voice).
-But in the Hiphil stem, the verb בּוֹא means "to bring" (causative
+:ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem,
+the verb בּוֹא means "to come" or "to go" (:ref:simple<stem-action-simple>` action, :ref:`active<stem-voice-active>` voice).
+But in the :ref:`Hiphil<stem_hiphil>` stem, the verb בּוֹא means "to bring" (:ref:`causative<stem-action-causative>`
 action, active voice). Thus, in the Hophal stem, the verb בּוֹא means
 "to be brought" (causative action, passive voice).
 
@@ -163,15 +163,15 @@ Hiphil stem, means "to declare", for example:
 Expresses simple action in passive voice
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Some verbs use the Hophal stem to express simple passive action. (This
+Some verbs use the Hophal stem to express simple :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passive>` action. (This
 can be true even if the verb also appears in the Hiphil stem in Biblical
 Hebrew; in such cases, the Hophal form does NOT function strictly as a
 passive of the Hiphil stem.) A good example is the verb יָצַק. In the
-Qal stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the simple action "to pour" or "to
-pour out". In the Hiphil stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the same simple
+:ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the simple action "to pour" or "to
+pour out". In the :ref:`Hiphil<stem_Hiphil>` stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the same simple
 action "to pour". In the Hophal stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the
 simple passive "to be poured" (that is, the passive of both the *Qal*
-stem and the *Hiphil* stem). For some verbs, the Hophal and/or Pual
+stem and the *Hiphil* stem). For some verbs, the Hophal and/or :ref:`Pual<stem_pual>`
 forms can both function as a passive of the Qal stem. In all these
 cases, a dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning.
 
@@ -182,15 +182,15 @@ cases, a dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning.
   **it-is-poured-out** grace by-your-lips
   grace **is poured** onto your lips
 
-Expresses various kinds of passive or stative action
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Expresses various kinds of passive or :ref:`stative<verb-stative>` action
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Sometimes the Pual form is used with specific verbs or in specific
+Sometimes the Hophal form is used with specific verbs or in specific
 contexts to express a specialized meaning for the verbal action. A
 dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning.
 
-The Hophal stem of the verb יָלַד ("to give birth")
-refers to someone's birthday, for example:
+For example, the Hophal stem of the verb יָלַד ("to give birth")
+refers to someone's birthday:
 
 .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 40:20
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ refers to someone's birthday, for example:
   It came about on the third day that it was Pharaoh's **birth**\ day.
 
 The Hophal stem of the verb יָסַד ("to found, establish")
-refers to the foundation of a building, for example:
+refers to the foundation of a building:
 
 .. csv-table:: Example: 2CH 3:3