diff --git a/content/suffix_pronominal.rst b/content/suffix_pronominal.rst index 4c481af..c7d4141 100644 --- a/content/suffix_pronominal.rst +++ b/content/suffix_pronominal.rst @@ -8,17 +8,13 @@ Suffix Pronominal Summary ------- -Pronominal Suffixes are suffixes that refer to a person or an object at -the end of a noun, a particle, a verb, or a direct object marker. This -suffix can have the meaning of a genitive (such as possession), a direct -object, or an indirect object. +Pronominal suffixes refer to a person(s) or thing(s) and can be attached to nouns, verbs, prepositions, participles, +infinitives, even some particles. A pronominal suffix nearly always functions as either a personal pronoun (for example, +"I" or "me" in English) or a possessive pronoun (for example, "my" or "mine" in English). Article ------- -Form ----- - Pronominal :ref:`suffix` refer to a person or an object and can therefore be @@ -39,16 +35,10 @@ The person or object to which the suffix refers can indicate possession (as with nouns), or be a direct or indirect object (as with prepositions and verbs), depending on the context. -.. _suffix_pronominal-nouns: +Form +---- -:ref:`noun` ------------ -Nouns must be in the -:ref:`state_construct` -form before a pronominal suffix can be added, and having a pronominal -suffix automatically makes the noun -:ref:`state_determined-pronominal-suffix`. Paradigm ~~~~~~~~ @@ -83,8 +73,19 @@ Paradigm masculine plural third person,סוּסֵיהֶם,susehem,their horses feminine plural third person,סוּסֵיהֶן,susehen,their horses -Examples -~~~~~~~~ +Function +----------- + +.. _suffix_pronominal-nouns: + +Attached to a :ref:`noun` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Nouns must be in the +:ref:`state_construct` +form before a pronominal suffix can be added, and having a pronominal +suffix automatically makes the noun +:ref:`state_determined-pronominal-suffix`. .. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 17:23 @@ -113,224 +114,8 @@ Examples .. _suffix_pronominal-prepositions: -Prepositions ------------- - -Form -~~~~ - -The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a preposition can differ -slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the -:ref:`noun_common-paradigm` -above. - -ב -^ - -In, into - -.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 25:28 - - וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א **בְךָ֖** מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃ - wera'ah lo-thimmatse **vekha** miyyameykha - and-evil not\_will-be-found **in-you** from-your-days - and evil will not be found **in you** so long as you live. - -.. csv-table:: Example: JOB 39:12 - - הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו - hatha'amin **bow** - Do-you-believe **in-him** - Will you depend **on him**? - -כ -^ - -Like, just as - -.. csv-table:: Example: 2KI 17:15 - - אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃ - 'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth **kahem** - "whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing - **like-them**" - those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**. - -.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 46:9 - - וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃ - we'efes **kamowni** - and no-one **like-me** - and there is no one **like me**. - -ל and אֶל -^^^^^^^^^ - -To, toward - -Possession -'''''''''' - -.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 19:5 - - כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ - ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets - for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth - for all the earth is **mine**. - -Indirect Object -''''''''''''''' - -.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 9:13 - - וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו - we'amarta **'elayw** - and-say **to-him** - and say **to him** - -.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 11:36 - - וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו - wattomer **'elayw** - And-she-said **to-him** - She said **to him** - -עַל -^^^ - -On, upon, over - -.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 17:14 - - אָשִׂ֤ימָה **עָלַי֙** מֶ֔לֶךְ - 'asimah **'alay** melekh - I-will-set **over-me** king - I will set a king **over myself** - -.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 62:5 - - יָשִׂ֥ישׂ **עָלַ֖יִךְ** אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ - yasis **'alayikh** 'elohayikh - he-will-rejoice **over-you** your-God. - your God will rejoice **over you**. - -אַחַר -^^^^^ - -After, behind - -.. csv-table:: Example: 2CH 8:8 - - אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹותְר֤וּ **אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙** בָּאָ֔רֶץ - 'asher nowthru **'aharehem** ba'arets - who were-left **after-them** in-the-land - who were left **after them** in the land - -.. csv-table:: Example: JER 9:16 (JER 9:15 in Hebrew) - - וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י **אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙** אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב - weshillahti **'aharehem** 'eth-haherev - and-I-will-send-out **after-them** [dir.obj]\_the-sword - I will send out a sword **after them** - -תַּחַת -^^^^^^ - -Beneath, under, in place of - -.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 28:23 - - וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־\ **תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ** בַּרְזֶֽל׃ - weha'arets 'asher-**tahteykha** barzel - and-the-earth which\_\ **under-you** will-be-iron. - and the earth that is **under you** will be iron. - -.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 47:3 (PSA 47:4 in Hebrew) - - יַדְבֵּ֣ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ - yadber 'ammim **tahtenu** - He-will-drive-back peoples **beneath-us** - He subdues peoples **under us** - -עַד -^^^ - -Unto, until, as far as - -.. csv-table:: Example: NUM 23:18 - - הַאֲזִ֥ינָה **עָדַ֖י** בְּנֹ֥ו צִפֹּֽר׃ - ha'azinah **'aday** benow tsippor - Listen **unto-me** son-of Zippor. - "Listen **to me**, you son of Zippor." - -.. csv-table:: Example: AMO 4:10 - - וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י - welo-shavtem **'aday** - And-not you-have-returned **unto-me** - Yet you have not returned **to me** - -מִן -^^^ - -From - -.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 22:12 - - וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ **מִמֶּֽנִּי**\ ׃ - welo hasakhta 'eth-binkha 'eth-yehidekha **mimmenni** - "and-not you-witheld [dir.obj]\_your-son [dir.obj]\_your-only - **from-me**." - "you have not withheld your son, your only son, **from me**." - -.. csv-table:: Example: 1CH 29:14 - - כִּֽי־\ **מִמְּךָ֣** הַכֹּ֔ל - ki-\ **mimmekha** hakkol - for\_\ **from-you** the-all - all things come **from you** - -עִם -^^^ - -With - -.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 50:18 - - וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמֹּ֑ו - wattirets **'immow** - and-you-are-pleased **with-him** - you agree **with him** - -.. csv-table:: Example: ZEC 14:5 - - כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים **עִמָּֽךְ**\ ׃ - kol-qedoshim **'immakh** - all\_holy-ones **with-him** - all the holy ones will be **with him** - -אֵת -^^^ - -With - -.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 12:4 - - שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ - sefathenu **'ittanu** - our-lips **with-us**. - our lips speak and they **make us prevail**. - -.. csv-table:: Example: PRO 1:11 - - לְכָ֪ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ - lekhah **'ittanu** - walk **with-us** - come **with us** - -:ref:`verb` ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Attached to a finite :ref:`verb` +-------------------------------- Form ~~~~ @@ -372,8 +157,231 @@ for the :ref:`infinitive_absolute`. .. _suffix_pronominal-with-a-direct-object-marker: -With a :ref:`particle_direct_object_marker` (אֵת) -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +Attached to a :ref:`preposition` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + +Form +~~~~ + +The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a preposition can differ +slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the +:ref:`noun_common-paradigm` +above. + +בְּ +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 25:28 + + וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א **בְךָ֖** מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃ + wera'ah lo-thimmatse **vekha** miyyameykha + and-evil not\_will-be-found **in-you** from-your-days + and evil will not be found **in you** so long as you live. + +.. csv-table:: Example: JOB 39:12 + + הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו + hatha'amin **bow** + Do-you-believe **in-him** + Will you depend **on him**? + +כְּ +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: 2KI 17:15 + + אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃ + 'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth **kahem** + "whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing + **like-them**" + those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**. + +.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 46:9 + + וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃ + we'efes **kamowni** + and no-one **like-me** + and there is no one **like me**. + +לְ and אֶל +^^^^^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 19:5 + + כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ + ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets + for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth + for all the earth is **mine**. + +.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 9:13 + + וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו + we'amarta **'elayw** + and-say **to-him** + and say **to him** + +.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 11:36 + + וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו + wattomer **'elayw** + And-she-said **to-him** + She said **to him** + +עַל +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 17:14 + + אָשִׂ֤ימָה **עָלַי֙** מֶ֔לֶךְ + 'asimah **'alay** melekh + I-will-set **over-me** king + I will set a king **over myself** + +.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 62:5 + + יָשִׂ֥ישׂ **עָלַ֖יִךְ** אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ + yasis **'alayikh** 'elohayikh + he-will-rejoice **over-you** your-God. + your God will rejoice **over you**. + +אַחַר +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: 2CH 8:8 + + אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹותְר֤וּ **אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙** בָּאָ֔רֶץ + 'asher nowthru **'aharehem** ba'arets + who were-left **after-them** in-the-land + who were left **after them** in the land + +.. csv-table:: Example: JER 9:16 (JER 9:15 in Hebrew) + + וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י **אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙** אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב + weshillahti **'aharehem** 'eth-haherev + and-I-will-send-out **after-them** [dir.obj]\_the-sword + I will send out a sword **after them** + +תַּחַת +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 28:23 + + וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־\ **תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ** בַּרְזֶֽל׃ + weha'arets 'asher-**tahteykha** barzel + and-the-earth which\_\ **under-you** will-be-iron. + and the earth that is **under you** will be iron. + +.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 47:3 (PSA 47:4 in Hebrew) + + יַדְבֵּ֣ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ + yadber 'ammim **tahtenu** + He-will-drive-back peoples **beneath-us** + He subdues peoples **under us** + +עַד +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: NUM 23:18 + + הַאֲזִ֥ינָה **עָדַ֖י** בְּנֹ֥ו צִפֹּֽר׃ + ha'azinah **'aday** benow tsippor + Listen **unto-me** son-of Zippor. + "Listen **to me**, you son of Zippor." + +.. csv-table:: Example: AMO 4:10 + + וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י + welo-shavtem **'aday** + And-not you-have-returned **unto-me** + Yet you have not returned **to me** + +מִן +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 22:12 + + וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ **מִמֶּֽנִּי**\ ׃ + welo hasakhta 'eth-binkha 'eth-yehidekha **mimmenni** + "and-not you-witheld [dir.obj]\_your-son [dir.obj]\_your-only + **from-me**." + "you have not withheld your son, your only son, **from me**." + +.. csv-table:: Example: 1CH 29:14 + + כִּֽי־\ **מִמְּךָ֣** הַכֹּ֔ל + ki-\ **mimmekha** hakkol + for\_\ **from-you** the-all + all things come **from you** + +עִם +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 50:18 + + וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמֹּ֑ו + wattirets **'immow** + and-you-are-pleased **with-him** + you agree **with him** + +.. csv-table:: Example: ZEC 14:5 + + כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים **עִמָּֽךְ**\ ׃ + kol-qedoshim **'immakh** + all\_holy-ones **with-him** + all the holy ones will be **with him** + +אֵת +^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 12:4 + + שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ + sefathenu **'ittanu** + our-lips **with-us**. + our lips speak and they **make us prevail**. + +.. csv-table:: Example: PRO 1:11 + + לְכָ֪ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ + lekhah **'ittanu** + walk **with-us** + come **with us** + +Attached to a participle +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +SENTENCE/PARAGRAPH + +Attached to an infinitive construct +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +SENTENCE/PARAGRAPH + +as object of the infinitive +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When attached to an infinitive construct, the pronominal suffix can function as the object of the verbal action. + +EXAMPLE + +as subject of the infinitive +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When attached to an infinitive construct, the pronominal suffix can function as the subject of the verbal action described by +the infinitive. In these cases, often the object of the infinitive will appear immediately after with the direct object marker. + +EXAMPLE + +Attached to a particle +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +SENTENCE/PARAGRAPH + +the :ref:`direct object marker` (אֵת) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + .. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 17:9 @@ -388,3 +396,15 @@ With a :ref:`particle_direct_object_marker` (אֵת) we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi** And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me** Yet you abandoned **me** + + +the particle הִנֵּה +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + +as object of the particle + + +as subject of a following participle + +