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Update 'content/adjective/02.md'
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Joel D. Ruark
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# adjective Article
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Adjectives always match the noun they describe in gender ([masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md)) and number ([singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) or [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md)). Because the gender of some nouns does not match their form, the adjective matches the gender of the noun, not its form. If the noun is [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md), the adjective will be [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md). If a noun is collective or if a plural noun refers to one person, the adjective may match the implied number rather than the form.
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[Cardinal numbers](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md) and [ordinal numbers](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_ordinal_number/02.md) are also adjectives, see their respective articles.
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## Form
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@ -39,10 +43,9 @@ The forms of the adjective closely resemble the forms of the [noun](https://git.
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## Function
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### Attributive
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It describes an attribute of a noun.
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An attributive adjective is an adjective that describes a noun. This is the most common use of adjectives in Biblical Hebrew. In almost all instances, attributive adjectives immediately follow the noun that they describe and have the same form. Thus, if the noun is masculine, the adjective is also masculine; if the noun is singular, the adjective is also singular; if the noun is [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md), the adjective is also definite; and so on.
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- If the adjective and the noun are both [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md) or both indefinite.
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- And the adjective comes after the noun.
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NOTE: When cardinal and ordinal numbers are used as attributive adjectives, they sometimes come *before* the noun they describe instead of *after* the noun.
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* 1SA 18:17
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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@ -78,10 +81,10 @@ It describes an attribute of a noun.
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### Predicative (or: Verbal adjective)
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The adjective is connected to the noun with a [linking verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#linking-verbs) (often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew, and has to be supplied in English).
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### Predicative
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A predicative adjective is an adjective that describes a noun using a [linking verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#linking-verbs). Often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew text and must be supplied when translating into English. Like attributive adjectives, predicative adjectives usually have the same form as the noun they describe in both gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural). Unlike attributive adjectives, however, a predicative adjective can be indefinite even if it describes a definite noun.
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- If the adjective is indefinite.
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NOTE: Sometimes, predicative adjectives and attributive adjectives look identical and must be distinguished based only on the context.
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* 2SA 14:20
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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@ -100,7 +103,6 @@ The adjective is connected to the noun with a [linking verb](https://git.door43.
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</tbody>
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</table>
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Note: If the adjective is indefinite and comes after the noun, it can either be attributive or be predicative with a [linking verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#linking-verbs).
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* 2KI 20:19
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ Note: If the adjective is indefinite and comes after the noun, it can either be
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</table>
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### Substantive
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The adjective functions like a noun.
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A substantive adjective is an adjective that functions like a noun. This is a common occurrence in Biblical Hebrew.
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* PSA 3:2
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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@ -139,7 +141,64 @@ The adjective functions like a noun.
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### Compares two nouns (comparative)
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* ISA 30:12
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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<colgroup>
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<col width="100%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody valign="top">
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<tr class="row-odd" align="right"><td>לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ **קְד֣וֹשׁ** יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td>Therefore thus he-says **holy-of** Israel</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td>Therefore the **Holy One** of Israel says,</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### Adverbial
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An adverbial adjective is an adjective that functions as an adverb, meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun.
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* JOS 21:10
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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<colgroup>
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<col width="100%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody valign="top">
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<tr class="row-odd" align="right"><td>כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל <b>רִיאשֹׁנָֽה</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td>for to-them it-was the-lot **first**</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td>For the **first** casting of lots had fallen to them.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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* EXAMPLE
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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<colgroup>
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<col width="100%" />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody valign="top">
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<tr class="row-odd" align="right"><td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### Other Uses
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#### Comparative
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To compare two nouns, מִן "min" (meaning "from" or "more") is used. (מִן often occurs as a prefix מִ).
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* JDG 14:18
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@ -159,7 +218,7 @@ To compare two nouns, מִן "min" (meaning "from" or "more") is used. (מִן o
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### Compares three or more items (superlative)
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#### Superlative (compares three or more items)
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#### With the [definite article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/preposition_definite_article/02.md)
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@ -326,7 +385,4 @@ The noun functions like an adjective, but is still officially a noun.
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</tbody>
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</table>
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Adjectives always match the noun they describe in gender and number. Because the gender of some nouns does not match their form, the adjective matches the gender of the noun, not its form. If the noun is [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md), the adjective will be [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md). If a noun is collective or if a plural noun refers to one person, the adjective may match the implied number rather than the form.
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[Cardinal numbers](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md) and [ordinal numbers](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_ordinal_number/02.md) are also adjectives, see their respective articles.
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