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+
diff --git a/content/adjective.rst b/content/adjective.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d0298c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/adjective.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2183 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective.rst + +.. _adjective: + +Adjective +========= + +Summary +------- + +An adjective is a word that describes another word in the sentence, +usually a noun. In Biblical Hebrew, an adjective can sometimes function +as an adverb or even as a noun. + +Article +------- + +In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives always match the noun they describe in +gender +(:ref:`gender_masculine` +or +:ref:`gender_feminine`) +and number +(:ref:`number_singular` +or +:ref:`number_plural`). +However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If a noun is +:ref:`number_dual`, +its accompanying adjective will be plural. Also, the gender of some +nouns does not match their apparent form (as in נָשִׁים "women", which is +grammatically-feminine although it appears grammatically-masculine); in +these cases, an accompanying adjective will match the gender of the noun +itself rather than the apparent form. Similarly, if a noun is collective +(as in עַם, meaning "people") or if a plural noun refers to one person +(as in אֱלֹהִים, meaning "God"), the accompanying adjective may match +the implied number rather than the apparent form. + +Form +---- + +The forms of the adjective closely resemble the forms of the +:ref:`noun_common`. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹב + +.. raw:: html + + + +tov + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹב + +.. raw:: html + + + +tov + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular determined + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַטּוֹב + +.. raw:: html + + + +hattov + +.. raw:: html + + + +the good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovah + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovath + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular determined + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַטּוֹבָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hattovah + +.. raw:: html + + + +the good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovim + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural contruct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tove + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +mascuuline plural determined + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַטּוֹבִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +hattovim + +.. raw:: html + + + +the good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural determined + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַטּוֹבוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +hattovoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +the good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +.. _adjective-attributive: + +Attributive +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +An attributive adjective is an adjective that describes a noun. This is +the most common use of adjectives in Biblical Hebrew. In almost all +instances, attributive adjectives immediately follow the noun that they +describe and have the same form. Thus, if the noun is masculine, the +adjective is also masculine; if the noun is singular, the adjective is +also singular; if the noun is +:ref:`state_determined`, +the adjective is also definite; and so on. + +NOTE: When +:ref:`adjective_cardinal_number` +and +:ref:`adjective_ordinal_number` +numbers are used as attributive adjectives, they sometimes come *before* +the noun they describe instead of *after* the noun. + +- 1SA 18:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + vitti **haggedolah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + my-daughter **the-old** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + my **older** daughter + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOS 10:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֣י עִ֤יר **גְּדוֹלָה֙** גִּבְע֔וֹן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for city **great** Gibeon + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + because Gibeon was a **large** city + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Predicative +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A predicative adjective is an adjective that describes a noun using a +:ref:`verb-linking-verbs`. +Often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew text and must be +supplied when translating into English. Like attributive adjectives, +predicative adjectives usually have the same form as the noun they +describe in both gender (masculine/feminine) and number +(singular/plural). Unlike attributive adjectives, however, a predicative +adjective can be indefinite even if it describes a definite noun. + +NOTE: Sometimes, predicative adjectives and attributive adjectives look +identical and must be distinguished based only on the context. + +- 2SA 14:20 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַאדֹנִ֣י חָכָ֗ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wadoni **hakham** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-my-lord **wise** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + My master is **wise** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2KI 20:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + טֹ֥וב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **towv** devar-yehwah 'asher dibbarta + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Good** word-of\_Yahweh that you-spoke. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The word of Yahweh that you have spoken is **good**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _adjective-substantive: + +Substantive +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A substantive adjective is an adjective that functions as a noun in the +sentence. This is a common occurrence in Biblical Hebrew. + +- PSA 3:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **rabbim** qamim 'alay + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **many** are-rising-up against-me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **many people** are rising up against me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 30:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ **קְד֣וֹשׁ** יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Therefore thus he-says **holy-of** Israel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Therefore the **Holy One** of Israel says, + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adverbial +~~~~~~~~~ + +An adverbial adjective is an adjective that functions as an adverb, +meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun. This is a rare +occurrence in Biblical Hebrew. + +- JOS 21:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for to-them it-was the-lot **first** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + For the **first** casting of lots had fallen to them. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Other Uses +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Comparative +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In Biblical Hebrew, adjectives are often used with either the +preposition מִן ("from") or the phrase מִכֹּל ("from all") to express a +comparison between two or more items. + +- JDG 14:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַה־\ **מָּת֣וֹק** מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה **עַ֖ז** מֵאֲרִ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mah-\ **mmathoq** middevash umeh **'az** me'ari + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + What\_\ **sweet** than-honey and-what **strong** from-lion + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + What is **sweeter** than honey, and what is **stronger** than a lion + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 3:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהַנָּחָשׁ֙ הָיָ֣ה **עָר֔וּם מִכֹּל֙** חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehannahash hayah **'arum mikkol** hayyath hassadeh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-the-serpent was **shrewd from-all** beings-of the-field + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Now the serpent was **more shrewd than any other** beast of the field + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Intensive +^^^^^^^^^ + +In Biblical Hebrew, the meaning of an adjective can be strengthened by +pairing it either with the word מְאֹד ("very") or with the phrase +לֵאלֹהִים ("to God"). + +- GEN 1:31 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehinneh-\ **tov me'od** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-behold\_\ **good very** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Behold, it was **very good** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JON 3:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ir-**gedolah lelohim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + city\_\ **great to-God** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + a **very large** city + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _adjective-superlative: + +Superlative +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Biblical Hebrew utilizes different ways to strengthen an adjective to +its greatest degree ("the smallest", "the greatest", etc.). Usually, the +superlative meaning of an adjective must be determined from the context. + +- 1SA 16:11 –– adjective with the :ref:`preposition_definite_article` + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עֹ֚וד שָׁאַ֣ר הַקָּטָ֔ן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'owd sha'ar **haqqatan** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Still remains **the-young** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + There remains yet **the youngest** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- MIC 7:4 –– adjective with a :ref:`suffix_pronominal` + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **tovam** kehedeq + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **good-their** like-brier + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the best of them** is like a brier + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- SNG 1:8 –– adjective with a prepositional phrase + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hayyafah** bannashim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the-fair** among-women + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the fairest** among women + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/adjective/01.md b/content/adjective/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 879f1b9..0000000 --- a/content/adjective/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -An adjective is a word that describes another word in the sentence, usually a noun. In Biblical Hebrew, an adjective can sometimes function as an adverb or even as a noun. diff --git a/content/adjective/02.md b/content/adjective/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6f179bd..0000000 --- a/content/adjective/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,309 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives always match the noun they describe in gender ([masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md)) and number ([singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) or [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md)). However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If a noun is [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md), its accompanying adjective will be plural. Also, the gender of some nouns does not match their apparent form (as in נָשִׁים "women", which is grammatically-feminine although it appears grammatically-masculine); in these cases, an accompanying adjective will match the gender of the noun itself rather than the apparent form. Similarly, if a noun is collective (as in עַם, meaning "people") or if a plural noun refers to one person (as in אֱלֹהִים, meaning "God"), the accompanying adjective may match the implied number rather than the apparent form. - -## Form - -The forms of the adjective closely resemble the forms of the [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md). - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
wordHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteטוֹבtovgood
masculine singular constructטוֹבtovgood
masculine singular determinedהַטּוֹבhattovthe good
feminine singular absoluteטוֹבָהtovahgood
feminine singular constructטוֹבַתtovathgood
feminine singular determinedהַטּוֹבָהhattovahthe good
masculine plural absoluteטוֹבִיםtovimgood
masculine plural contructטוֹבֵיtovegood
mascuuline plural determinedהַטּוֹבִיםhattovimthe good
feminine plural absoluteטוֹבוֹתtovothgood
feminine plural constructטוֹבוֹתtovothgood
feminine plural determinedהַטּוֹבוֹתhattovoththe good
- -## Function - -### Attributive -An attributive adjective is an adjective that describes a noun. This is the most common use of adjectives in Biblical Hebrew. In almost all instances, attributive adjectives immediately follow the noun that they describe and have the same form. Thus, if the noun is masculine, the adjective is also masculine; if the noun is singular, the adjective is also singular; if the noun is [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md), the adjective is also definite; and so on. - -NOTE: When [cardinal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md) and [ordinal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_ordinal_number/02.md) numbers are used as attributive adjectives, they sometimes come *before* the noun they describe instead of *after* the noun. - -* 1SA 18:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה
vitti **haggedolah**
my-daughter **the-old**
my **older** daughter
- -* JOS 10:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֣י עִ֤יר **גְּדוֹלָה֙** גִּבְע֔וֹן
for city **great** Gibeon
because Gibeon was a **large** city
- -### Predicative -A predicative adjective is an adjective that describes a noun using a [linking verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#linking-verbs). Often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew text and must be supplied when translating into English. Like attributive adjectives, predicative adjectives usually have the same form as the noun they describe in both gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural). Unlike attributive adjectives, however, a predicative adjective can be indefinite even if it describes a definite noun. - -NOTE: Sometimes, predicative adjectives and attributive adjectives look identical and must be distinguished based only on the context. - -* 2SA 14:20 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַאדֹנִ֣י חָכָ֗ם
wadoni **hakham**
And-my-lord **wise**
My master is **wise**
- - -* 2KI 20:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
טֹ֥וב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ
**towv** devar-yehwah 'asher dibbarta
**Good** word-of_Yahweh that you-spoke.
The word of Yahweh that you have spoken is **good**.
- -### Substantive -A substantive adjective is an adjective that functions as a noun in the sentence. This is a common occurrence in Biblical Hebrew. - -* PSA 3:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי
**rabbim** qamim 'alay
**many** are-rising-up against-me
**many people** are rising up against me
- -* ISA 30:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ **קְד֣וֹשׁ** יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
Therefore thus he-says **holy-of** Israel
Therefore the **Holy One** of Israel says,
- -### Adverbial - -An adverbial adjective is an adjective that functions as an adverb, meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun. This is a rare occurrence in Biblical Hebrew. - -* JOS 21:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה
for to-them it-was the-lot **first**
For the **first** casting of lots had fallen to them.
- -### Other Uses - -#### Comparative -In Biblical Hebrew, adjectives are often used with either the preposition מִן ("from") or the phrase מִכֹּל ("from all") to express a comparison between two or more items. - -* JDG 14:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַה־**מָּת֣וֹק** מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה **עַ֖ז** מֵאֲרִ֑י
mah-**mmathoq** middevash umeh **'az** me'ari
What_**sweet** than-honey and-what **strong** from-lion
What is **sweeter** than honey, and what is **stronger** than a lion
- -* GEN 3:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהַנָּחָשׁ֙ הָיָ֣ה **עָר֔וּם מִכֹּל֙** חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה
wehannahash hayah **'arum mikkol** hayyath hassadeh
And-the-serpent was **shrewd from-all** beings-of the-field
Now the serpent was **more shrewd than any other** beast of the field
- -#### Intensive - -In Biblical Hebrew, the meaning of an adjective can be strengthened by pairing it either with the word מְאֹד ("very") or with the phrase לֵאלֹהִים ("to God"). - -* GEN 1:31 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד
wehinneh-**tov me'od**
And-behold_**good very**
Behold, it was **very good**
- -* JON 3:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים
'ir-**gedolah lelohim**
city_**great to-God**
a **very large** city
- -#### Superlative - -Biblical Hebrew utilizes different ways to strengthen an adjective to its greatest degree ("the smallest", "the greatest", etc.). Usually, the superlative meaning of an adjective must be determined from the context. - -* 1SA 16:11 –– adjective with the [definite article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/preposition_definite_article/02.md) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עֹ֚וד שָׁאַ֣ר הַקָּטָ֔ן
'owd sha'ar **haqqatan**
Still remains **the-young**
There remains yet **the youngest**
- -* MIC 7:4 –– adjective with a [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק
**tovam** kehedeq
**good-their** like-brier
**the best of them** is like a brier
- -* SNG 1:8 –– adjective with a prepositional phrase - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים
**hayyafah** bannashim
**the-fair** among-women
**the fairest** among women
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adjective/title.md b/content/adjective/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8ab42f6..0000000 --- a/content/adjective/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Adjective \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adjective_cardinal_number.rst b/content/adjective_cardinal_number.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..454d878 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/adjective_cardinal_number.rst @@ -0,0 +1,6346 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective_cardinal_number.rst + +.. _adjective_cardinal_number: + +Adjective Cardinal Number +========================= + +Summary +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, cardinal numbers are used to describe quantity or to +express the name of a number itself ("one", "two", "three", etc.). + +Article +------- + +Biblical Hebrew does not contain numerals ("1", "2", "3", etc.) but +rather uses words to express numbers ("one", "two", "three", etc.). +There are two different kinds of numbers: cardinal numbers and :ref:`adjective_ordinal_number`. +Cardinal numbers are used either to express the name of a number itself +or to express the quantity of a thing ("one", "two", "three", etc.). + +Cardinal numbers function as :ref:`adjective-attributive`, +but they do not always follow the same grammatical rules. They may +appear either before or after the noun they describe, and they may not +always have the same grammatical form (gender, number, definiteness) as +the noun they describe. As with other adjectives in Biblical Hebrew, a +cardinal number can function as a noun and can appear in the :ref:`state_absolute`, +the :ref:`state_construct`, +and/or the :ref:`state_determined`. + +NOTE: Sometimes a cardinal form ("one", "two", "three", etc.) is used, +but an ordinal meaning ("first", "second", "third", etc.) is clearly +indicated from the context. + +"One" +----- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Form + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶחָד + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ehad + +.. raw:: html + + + +one + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַחַד + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ahad + +.. raw:: html + + + +one of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַחַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ahath + +.. raw:: html + + + +one + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַחַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ahath + +.. raw:: html + + + +one of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 18:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ish **'ehad** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + man **one** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **one** man + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 13:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הָרֹ֨אשׁ אֶחָ֥ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + harosh **'ehad** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The-group **one** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **One** group + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 19:9 –– cardinal number "one" functioning as a noun + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ha'ehad** ba-lagur + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **The-one** came-in\_to-live-as-a-foreigner + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **This one** came here to live as a foreigner + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +"Two" +----- + +As would be expected, the number “two” in Biblical Hebrew always takes +the +:ref:`number_dual` +form. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Form + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine dual absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁנַיִם + +.. raw:: html + + + +shenayim + +.. raw:: html + + + +two + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine dual construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁנֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +shene + +.. raw:: html + + + +two of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine dual absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁתַּיִם + +.. raw:: html + + + +shetayim + +.. raw:: html + + + +two + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine dual construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁתֵּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +shete + +.. raw:: html + + + +two of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1CH 4:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shete** nashim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **two** women + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **two** women + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2CH 3:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַמּוּדִ֣ים שְׁנַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ammudim **shenayim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + pillars **two** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **two** pillars + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 3:7 –– a cardinal number with a :ref:`suffix_pronominal` + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shenehem** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **two of them** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **both of them** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +3-10 +---- + +NOTE: These numbers have specialized uses when they take either a +:ref:`number_dual` +ending or a +:ref:`number_plural` +ending. When these numbers take a dual ending, they become simple +multiples ("three-fold", "four-fold", "five-fold", etc.); but when they +take a plural ending, they become multiples of ten ("thirty", "forty", +"fifty", etc.). + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Form + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שָׁלֹשׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +shalosh + +.. raw:: html + + + +three + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁלֹשׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +shelosh + +.. raw:: html + + + +three of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁלֹשָׁה + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheloshah + +.. raw:: html + + + +three + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁלֹשֶׁת + +.. raw:: html + + + +shelosheth + +.. raw:: html + + + +three of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַרְבַּע + +.. raw:: html + + + +'arba' + +.. raw:: html + + + +four + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַרְבַּע + +.. raw:: html + + + +'arba' + +.. raw:: html + + + +four of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַרְבָּעָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'arba'ah + +.. raw:: html + + + +four + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַרְבַּעַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +'arba'ath + +.. raw:: html + + + +four of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +חָמֵשׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamesh + +.. raw:: html + + + +five + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +חֲמֵשׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamesh + +.. raw:: html + + + +five of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +חֲמִשָּׁה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamishah + +.. raw:: html + + + +five + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +חֲמֵשֶׁת + +.. raw:: html + + + +hameshet + +.. raw:: html + + + +five of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שֵׁשׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +shesh + +.. raw:: html + + + +six + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שֵׁשׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +shesh + +.. raw:: html + + + +six of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁשָּׁה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shishah + +.. raw:: html + + + +six + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שֵׁשֶׁת + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheshet + +.. raw:: html + + + +six of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שֶׁבַע + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheva' + +.. raw:: html + + + +seven + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שֶׁבַע + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheva' + +.. raw:: html + + + +seven of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁבְעָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shiv'ah + +.. raw:: html + + + +seven + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁבְעַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +shiv'at + +.. raw:: html + + + +seven of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁמֹנֶה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shemoneh + +.. raw:: html + + + +eight + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁמֹנֶה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shemoneh + +.. raw:: html + + + +eight of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁמֹנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shemonah + +.. raw:: html + + + +eight + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁמֹנַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +shimonath + +.. raw:: html + + + +eight of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +תֵּשַׁע + +.. raw:: html + + + +tesha' + +.. raw:: html + + + +nine + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +תֵּשַׁע + +.. raw:: html + + + +tesha' + +.. raw:: html + + + +nine of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּשְׁעָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tish'ah + +.. raw:: html + + + +nine + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּשְׁעַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +tish'ath + +.. raw:: html + + + +nine of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +עֶשֶׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eser + +.. raw:: html + + + +ten + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +עֶשֶׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eser + +.. raw:: html + + + +ten of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +עֲשָׂרָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'asarah + +.. raw:: html + + + +ten + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +עֲשֶׂרֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +'asereth + +.. raw:: html + + + +ten of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOS 21:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'arim **'arba'** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + cities **four** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **four** cities + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 1:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שִׁבְעָ֥ה בָנִ֖ים **וְשָׁל֥וֹשׁ** בָּנֽוֹת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shiv'ah** vanim **weshalosh** banoth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **seven** sons **and-three** daughters + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **seven** sons **and three** daughters + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 4:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן **שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם** יֻקָּ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + kol-horeg qayin **shiv'athayim** yuqqam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + all\_he-who-kills Cain **sevenfold** he-will-be-avenged + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If anyone kills Cain, vengeance will be taken on him **sevenfold**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 12:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֶת־הַכִּבְשָׂ֖ה יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'eth-hakkivsah yeshallem **'arba'tayim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-[dir.obj]-the-lamb he-will-restore **fourfold** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He must pay back the lamb **four times over** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +11-19 +----- + +The numbers 11-19 are formed by writing the number 1-9 followed by the +number 10. Thus, in Biblical Hebrew the number "eleven" is written as +"one ten"; the number "seventeen" is written as "seven ten", etc. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Form + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַחַד עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ahad 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +eleven + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ahath 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +eleven + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +shenem 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +twelve + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shetem 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +twelve + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheloshah 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +thirteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שָׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shalosh 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +thirteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +'arba'ah 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +fourteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'arba' 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +fourteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamishah 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +fifteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +חָמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamesh 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +fifteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +shishah 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +sixteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shesh 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +sixteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +shiv'ah 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +seventeen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheva' 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +seventeen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +shemonah 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +eighteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +shemoneh 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +eighteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר + +.. raw:: html + + + +tish'ah 'asar + +.. raw:: html + + + +nineteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tesha' 'esreh + +.. raw:: html + + + +nineteen + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOS 15:41 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'arim **shesh-'esreh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + cities **six\_ten** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **sixteen** cities + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 9:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר בָּנִ֖ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hamishah 'asar** banim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **five ten** sons + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **fifteen** sons + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOS 4:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקְרָ֣א יְהֹושֻׁ֗עַ אֶל־\ **שְׁנֵ֤ים הֶֽעָשָׂר֙** אִ֔ישׁ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyiqra yehowshua' 'el-**shenem he'asar** 'ish + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-called Joshua to\_\ **two ten** man + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then Joshua called the **twelve** men + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +20-99 +----- + +Multiples of ten (20, 30, 40, etc.) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Form + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +עֶשְׂרִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +'esrim + +.. raw:: html + + + +twenty + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁלֹשִׁים + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheloshim + +.. raw:: html + + + +thirty + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַרְבָּעִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +'arba'im + +.. raw:: html + + + +forty + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +חֲמִשִּׁים + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamishim + +.. raw:: html + + + +fifty + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁשִּׁים + +.. raw:: html + + + +shishim + +.. raw:: html + + + +sixty + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁבְעִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +shiv'im + +.. raw:: html + + + +seventy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁמֹנִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +shemonim + +.. raw:: html + + + +eighty + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּשְׁעִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +tish'im + +.. raw:: html + + + +ninety + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 18:31 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lo 'ashhith ba'avur **ha'esrim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + not I-will-destroy for-sake-of **the-twenty**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I will not destroy it for **the twenty**'s sake + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 7:4 –– the nouns "day" and "night" are singular in form but + plural in meaning + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יֹ֔ום **וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים** לָ֑יְלָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'arba'im** yowm **we'arba'im** laylah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **forty** day **and-forty** night + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **forty** days **and forty** nights + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Multiples of ten plus units (21, 32, 43, etc.) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These numbers are written following the same rules as the numbers 11-19. +Thus, the number "twenty-one" is written as "one twenty"; the number +"thirty-two" is written as "two thirty"; the number "forty-three" is +writen as "three forty", etc. + +- GEN 5:20 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׁתַּ֤יִם וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shetayim weshishim** shanah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **two and-sixty** year + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **sixty-two** years + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DAN 9:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַשָּׁבֻעִים֙ שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁנַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'ahare hashavu'im **shishim ushenayim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-after the-weeks **sixty and-two** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + After the **sixty-two** weeks + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Multiples of 100, 1000, 10000, etc. +----------------------------------- + +The nouns "hundred" (100) and "thousand" (1000) function the same as any +other common noun with singular, dual, and plural forms. Although the +number for "hundred" uses feminine endings and the number for "thousand" +uses masculine endings, both numbers should be classified as "gender +both" because the same form can be both grammatically-masculine and +grammatically-feminine. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Form + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מֵאָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +me'ah + +.. raw:: html + + + +hundred + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְאַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +me'ath + +.. raw:: html + + + +hundred of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both dual absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָאתַיִם + +.. raw:: html + + + +mathayim + +.. raw:: html + + + +two hundred + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מֵאוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +me'oth + +.. raw:: html + + + +hundreds + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +מֵאוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +me'oth + +.. raw:: html + + + +hundreds of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶלֶף + +.. raw:: html + + + +'elef + +.. raw:: html + + + +thousand + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶלֶף + +.. raw:: html + + + +'elef + +.. raw:: html + + + +thousand of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both dual absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַלְפַּיִם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'alpayim + +.. raw:: html + + + +two thousand + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲלָפַיִם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'alafayim + +.. raw:: html + + + +thousands + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +gender both plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַלְפֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +'alfe + +.. raw:: html + + + +thousands of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 5:5 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +וַיִּֽהְי֞וּ כָּל־יְמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁר־חַ֔י תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה +וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +wayyiheyu kol-yeme 'adam 'asher-hay tesha' me'oth shanah usheloshim +shanah wayyamoth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +And-it-was all\_days-of Adam which\_he-lived nine hundred year +and-thirty year and-he-died. + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adam lived 930 years altogether, and then he died. + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 11:17 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +וַֽיְחִי־עֵ֗בֶר ... שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +wayehi-'ever ... sheloshim shanah we'arba' me'oth shanah + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +And-he-lived Eber ... thirty year and-four hundred year + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Eber ... lived 430 more years + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 20:16 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +נָתַ֜תִּי אֶ֤לֶף כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לְאָחִ֔יךְ + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +nathatti 'elef kesef le'ahikh + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +I-have-given thousand-of silver to-your-brother + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver. + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 29:2 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִ֑ים + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +wesarne felishtim 'overim leme'oth wela'alafim + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +And-the-lords-of the-Philistines were-passing-over by-hundreds +and-by-thousands + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +The princes of the Philistines passed on by hundreds and by thousands + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 1:4 –– multiples of 1,000 are expressed by numbers in a construct + phrase + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +וַיַּכּ֣וּם בְּבֶ֔זֶק עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃ + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +wayyakkum bevezeq 'asereth 'alafim 'ish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +And-they-defeated in-Bezek ten-of thousands man + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +They killed ten thousand of them at Bezek. + +.. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/adjective_cardinal_number/01.md b/content/adjective_cardinal_number/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2ac1656..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_cardinal_number/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Biblical Hebrew, cardinal numbers are used to describe quantity or to express the name of a number itself ("one", "two", "three", etc.). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md b/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index f1795cb..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,598 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -Biblical Hebrew does not contain numerals ("1", "2", "3", etc.) but rather uses words to express numbers ("one", "two", "three", etc.). There are two different kinds of numbers: cardinal numbers and [ordinal numbers](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_ordinal_number/02.md). Cardinal numbers are used either to express the name of a number itself or to express the quantity of a thing ("one", "two", "three", etc.). - -Cardinal numbers function as [attributive adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_attributive/02.md), but they do not always follow the same grammatical rules. They may appear either before or after the noun they describe, and they may not always have the same grammatical form (gender, number, definiteness) as the noun they describe. As with other adjectives in Biblical Hebrew, a cardinal number can function as a noun and can appear in the [absolute state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md), the [construct state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md), and/or the [determined state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md). - -NOTE: Sometimes a cardinal form ("one", "two", "three", etc.) is used, but an ordinal meaning ("first", "second", "third", etc.) is clearly indicated from the context. - -## "One" - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FormHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteאֶחָד'ehadone
masculine singular constructאַחַד'ahadone of
feminine singular absoluteאַחַת'ahathone
feminine singular constructאַחַת'ahathone of
- -* JDG 18:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד
'ish **'ehad**
man **one**
**one** man
- -* 1SA 13:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הָרֹ֨אשׁ אֶחָ֥ד
harosh **'ehad**
The-group **one**
**One** group
- -* GEN 19:9 –– cardinal number "one" functioning as a noun - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙
**ha'ehad** ba-lagur
**The-one** came-in_to-live-as-a-foreigner
**This one** came here to live as a foreigner
- -## "Two" - -As would be expected, the number “two” in Biblical Hebrew always takes the [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md) form. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FormHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine dual absoluteשְׁנַיִםshenayimtwo
masculine dual constructשְׁנֵיshenetwo of
feminine dual absoluteשְׁתַּיִםshetayimtwo
feminine dual constructשְׁתֵּיshetetwo of
- -* 1CH 4:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֑ים
**shete** nashim
**two** women
**two** women
- -* 2CH 3:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַמּוּדִ֣ים שְׁנַ֔יִם
'ammudim **shenayim**
pillars **two**
**two** pillars
- -* GEN 3:7 –– a cardinal number with a [pronoun suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם
**shenehem**
**two of them**
**both of them**
- -## 3-10 - -NOTE: These numbers have specialized uses when they take either a [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md) ending or a [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md) ending. When these numbers take a dual ending, they become simple multiples ("three-fold", "four-fold", "five-fold", etc.); but when they take a plural ending, they become multiples of ten ("thirty", "forty", "fifty", etc.). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FormHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteשָׁלֹשׁshaloshthree
masculine singular constructשְׁלֹשׁsheloshthree of
feminine singular absoluteשְׁלֹשָׁהsheloshahthree
feminine singular constructשְׁלֹשֶׁתshelosheththree of
masculine singular absoluteאַרְבַּע'arba'four
masculine singular constructאַרְבַּע'arba'four of
feminine singular absoluteאַרְבָּעָה'arba'ahfour
feminine singular constructאַרְבַּעַת'arba'athfour of
masculine singular absoluteחָמֵשׁhameshfive
masculine singular constructחֲמֵשׁhameshfive of
feminine singular absoluteחֲמִשָּׁהhamishahfive
feminine singular constructחֲמֵשֶׁתhameshetfive of
masculine singular absoluteשֵׁשׁsheshsix
masculine singular constructשֵׁשׁsheshsix of
feminine singular absoluteשִׁשָּׁהshishahsix
feminine singular constructשֵׁשֶׁתsheshetsix of
masculine singular absoluteשֶׁבַעsheva'seven
masculine singular constructשֶׁבַעsheva'seven of
feminine singular absoluteשִׁבְעָהshiv'ahseven
feminine singular constructשִׁבְעַתshiv'atseven of
masculine singular absoluteשְׁמֹנֶהshemoneheight
masculine singular constructשְׁמֹנֶהshemoneheight of
feminine singular absoluteשְׁמֹנָהshemonaheight
feminine singular constructשִׁמֹנַתshimonatheight of
masculine singular absoluteתֵּשַׁעtesha'nine
masculine singular constructתֵּשַׁעtesha'nine of
feminine singular absoluteתִּשְׁעָהtish'ahnine
feminine singular constructתִּשְׁעַתtish'athnine of
masculine singular absoluteעֶשֶׂר'eserten
masculine singular constructעֶשֶׂר'eserten of
feminine singular absoluteעֲשָׂרָה'asarahten
feminine singular constructעֲשֶׂרֶת'aserethten of
- -* JOS 21:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃
'arim **'arba'**
cities **four**
**four** cities
- -* JOB 1:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שִׁבְעָ֥ה בָנִ֖ים **וְשָׁל֥וֹשׁ** בָּנֽוֹת
**shiv'ah** vanim **weshalosh** banoth
**seven** sons **and-three** daughters
**seven** sons **and three** daughters
- -* GEN 4:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן **שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם** יֻקָּ֑ם
kol-horeg qayin **shiv'athayim** yuqqam
all_he-who-kills Cain **sevenfold** he-will-be-avenged
If anyone kills Cain, vengeance will be taken on him **sevenfold**.
- -* 2SA 12:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֶת־הַכִּבְשָׂ֖ה יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִם
we'eth-hakkivsah yeshallem **'arba'tayim**
and-[dir.obj]-the-lamb he-will-restore **fourfold**
He must pay back the lamb **four times over**
- -## 11-19 -The numbers 11-19 are formed by writing the number 1-9 followed by the number 10. Thus, in Biblical Hebrew the number "eleven" is written as "one ten"; the number "seventeen" is written as "seven ten", etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FormHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculineאַחַד עָשָׂר'ahad 'asareleven
feminineאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה'ahath 'esreheleven
masculineשְׁנֵים עָשָׂרshenem 'asartwelve
feminineשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵהshetem 'esrehtwelve
masculineשְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂרsheloshah 'asarthirteen
feminineשָׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵהshalosh 'esrehthirteen
masculineאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר'arba'ah 'asarfourteen
feminineאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה'arba' 'esrehfourteen
masculineחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂרhamishah 'asarfifteen
feminineחָמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵהhamesh 'esrehfifteen
masculineשִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂרshishah 'asarsixteen
feminineשֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵהshesh 'esrehsixteen
masculineשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂרshiv'ah 'asarseventeen
feminineשְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵהsheva' 'esrehseventeen
masculineשְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂרshemonah 'asareighteen
feminineשְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵהshemoneh 'esreheighteen
masculineתִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂרtish'ah 'asarnineteen
feminineתְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵהtesha' 'esrehnineteen
- -* JOS 15:41 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה
'arim **shesh-'esreh**
cities **six_ten**
**sixteen** cities
- -* 2SA 9:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר בָּנִ֖ים
**hamishah 'asar** banim
**five ten** sons
**fifteen** sons
- -* JOS 4:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקְרָ֣א יְהֹושֻׁ֗עַ אֶל־**שְׁנֵ֤ים הֶֽעָשָׂר֙** אִ֔ישׁ
wayyiqra yehowshua' 'el-**shenem he'asar** 'ish
And-he-called Joshua to_**two ten** man
Then Joshua called the **twelve** men
- -## 20-99 - -### Multiples of ten (20, 30, 40, etc.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FormHebrewTransliterationGloss
gender bothעֶשְׂרִים'esrimtwenty
gender bothשְׁלֹשִׁיםsheloshimthirty
gender bothאַרְבָּעִים'arba'imforty
gender bothחֲמִשִּׁיםhamishimfifty
gender bothשִׁשִּׁיםshishimsixty
gender bothשִׁבְעִיםshiv'imseventy
gender bothשְׁמֹנִיםshemonimeighty
gender bothתִּשְׁעִיםtish'imninety
- -* GEN 18:31 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽים׃
lo 'ashhith ba'avur **ha'esrim**
not I-will-destroy for-sake-of **the-twenty**.
I will not destroy it for **the twenty**'s sake
- -* GEN 7:4 –– the nouns "day" and "night" are singular in form but plural in meaning - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יֹ֔ום **וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים** לָ֑יְלָה
**'arba'im** yowm **we'arba'im** laylah
**forty** day **and-forty** night
**forty** days **and forty** nights
- -### Multiples of ten plus units (21, 32, 43, etc.) - -These numbers are written following the same rules as the numbers 11-19. Thus, the number "twenty-one" is written as "one twenty"; the number "thirty-two" is written as "two thirty"; the number "forty-three" is writen as "three forty", etc. - -* GEN 5:20 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׁתַּ֤יִם וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה
**shetayim weshishim** shanah
**two and-sixty** year
**sixty-two** years
- -* DAN 9:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַשָּׁבֻעִים֙ שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁנַ֔יִם
we'ahare hashavu'im **shishim ushenayim**
And-after the-weeks **sixty and-two**
After the **sixty-two** weeks
- -## Multiples of 100, 1000, 10000, etc. -The nouns "hundred" (100) and "thousand" (1000) function the same as any other common noun with singular, dual, and plural forms. Although the number for "hundred" uses feminine endings and the number for "thousand" uses masculine endings, both numbers should be classified as "gender both" because the same form can be both grammatically-masculine and grammatically-feminine. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FormHebrewTransliterationGloss
gender both singular absoluteמֵאָהme'ahhundred
gender both singular constructמְאַתme'athhundred of
gender both dual absoluteמָאתַיִםmathayimtwo hundred
gender both plural absoluteמֵאוֹתme'othhundreds
gender both plural constructמֵאוֹתme'othhundreds of
gender both singular absoluteאֶלֶף'elefthousand
gender both singular constructאֶלֶף'elefthousand of
gender both dual absoluteאַלְפַּיִם'alpayimtwo thousand
gender both plural absolute אֲלָפַיִם'alafayimthousands
gender both plural constructאַלְפֵי'alfethousands of
- -* GEN 5:5 - - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּֽהְי֞וּ כָּל־יְמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁר־חַ֔י תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
wayyiheyu kol-yeme 'adam 'asher-hay tesha' me'oth shanah usheloshim shanah wayyamoth
And-it-was all_days-of Adam which_he-lived nine hundred year and-thirty year and-he-died.
Adam lived 930 years altogether, and then he died.
- -* GEN 11:17 - - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַֽיְחִי־עֵ֗בֶר ... שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה
wayehi-'ever ... sheloshim shanah we'arba' me'oth shanah
And-he-lived Eber ... thirty year and-four hundred year
Eber ... lived 430 more years
- -* GEN 20:16 - - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
נָתַ֜תִּי אֶ֤לֶף כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לְאָחִ֔יךְ
nathatti 'elef kesef le'ahikh
I-have-given thousand-of silver to-your-brother
I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver.
- -* 1SA 29:2 - - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִ֑ים
wesarne felishtim 'overim leme'oth wela'alafim
And-the-lords-of the-Philistines were-passing-over by-hundreds and-by-thousands
The princes of the Philistines passed on by hundreds and by thousands
- -* JDG 1:4 –– multiples of 1,000 are expressed by numbers in a construct phrase - - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּכּ֣וּם בְּבֶ֔זֶק עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃
wayyakkum bevezeq 'asereth 'alafim 'ish
And-they-defeated in-Bezek ten-of thousands man
They killed ten thousand of them at Bezek.
diff --git a/content/adjective_cardinal_number/title.md b/content/adjective_cardinal_number/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index da4fa47..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_cardinal_number/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Adjective Cardinal Number \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adjective_gentilic.rst b/content/adjective_gentilic.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2c5052 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/adjective_gentilic.rst @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective_gentilic.rst + +.. _adjective_gentilic: + +Adjective Gentilic +================== + +Summary +------- + +A gentilic adjective is another name for a gentilic noun that functions +like an attributive adjective. + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, some gentilic nouns that follow nouns in the +absolute state function like attributive +:ref:`adjective`. +Some scholars call these "gentilic adjectives" instead of gentilic +nouns, and either term is grammatically correct. + +- GEN 16:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלָ֛הּ שִׁפְחָ֥ה מִצְרִ֖ית + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-to-her slave-girl **Egyptian** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + but she had a female servant, **an Egyptian,** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- LEV 24:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֵּצֵא֙ בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֣ה **יִשְׂרְאֵלִ֔ית** וְהוּא֙ בֶּן־אִ֣ישׁ + מִצְרִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-went-out son-of\_woman **Israelite** and-he son-of\_man + **Egyptian** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Now it happened that the son of an Israelite woman, whose father was + an Egyptian, went + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/adjective_gentilic/01.md b/content/adjective_gentilic/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f59b68..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_gentilic/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A gentilic adjective is another name for a gentilic noun that functions like an attributive adjective. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adjective_gentilic/02.md b/content/adjective_gentilic/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c083899..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_gentilic/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Biblical Hebrew, some gentilic nouns that follow nouns in the absolute state function like attributive [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md). Some scholars call these "gentilic adjectives" instead of gentilic nouns, and either term is grammatically correct. - -* GEN 16:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלָ֛הּ שִׁפְחָ֥ה מִצְרִ֖ית
And-to-her slave-girl **Egyptian**
but she had a female servant, **an Egyptian,**
- -* LEV 24:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֵּצֵא֙ בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֣ה **יִשְׂרְאֵלִ֔ית** וְהוּא֙ בֶּן־אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י
And-he-went-out son-of_woman **Israelite** and-he son-of_man **Egyptian**
Now it happened that the son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian, went
diff --git a/content/adjective_gentilic/title.md b/content/adjective_gentilic/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5b9ed7c..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_gentilic/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Adjective Gentilic \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adjective_ordinal_number.rst b/content/adjective_ordinal_number.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..485a377 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/adjective_ordinal_number.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1297 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective_ordinal_number.rst + +.. _adjective_ordinal_number: + +Adjective Ordinal Number +======================== + +Summary +------- + +In Bibliel Hebrew, ordinal numbers are used to express a rank or order +of items in a series (first, second, third, etc.) or to express a part +of a whole (a third, a fourth, a fifth, etc.). + +Article +------- + +Biblical Hebrew contains two sets of numbers: :ref:`adjective_cardinal_number` +and ordinal numbers. Ordinal numbers describe either a numeric +rank/order or a portion of a whole. "First" through "tenth" have unique +ordinal forms, but the cardinal forms are used from "eleventh" and +higher. Ordinal numbers function as :ref:`adjective_attributive`, +but they may not always have the same grammatical form (gender, number, +definiteness) as the noun they describe. + +NOTE: Sometimes a cardinal form is used, but an ordinal meaning is +clearly indicated from the context (see examples below). + +"First" through "Tenth" +----------------------- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +רִאֹשׁוֹן + +.. raw:: html + + + +ri'oshon + +.. raw:: html + + + +first + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שֵׁנִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +sheni + +.. raw:: html + + + +second + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁלִישִׁי + +.. raw:: html + + + +shelishi + +.. raw:: html + + + +third + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +רְבִיעִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +rebi'i + +.. raw:: html + + + +fourth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +חֲמִישִׁי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamishi + +.. raw:: html + + + +fifth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שִׁשִּׁי + +.. raw:: html + + + +shishi + +.. raw:: html + + + +sixth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁבִיעִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +shevi'i + +.. raw:: html + + + +seventh + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁמִינִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +shemini + +.. raw:: html + + + +eighth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּשִׁיעִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +teshi'i + +.. raw:: html + + + +ninth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine + +.. raw:: html + + + +עֲשִׂירִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +'asiri + +.. raw:: html + + + +tenth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 47:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + bashanah **hashenith** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in-the-year **the-second** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in **the second** year + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DEU 5:14 –– a + :ref:`state_determined` + ordinal number describing an indefinite noun + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְי֙וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weyom **hashevi'i** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-day **the-seventh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and **the seventh** day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2KI 15:32 –– a cardinal number functioning as an ordinal number + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + bishnath **shetayim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in-year two + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in **the second** year + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 4:2 –– cardinal numbers functioning as ordinal numbers + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שֵׁם֩ **הָאֶחָ֨ד** ... וְשֵׁ֧ם הַשֵּׁנִ֣י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ushene **'anashim** ... weshem **hasheni** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + name-of **the-one** ... and-name-of **the-two** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the name of **the first** ... and the name of **the second** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +"Eleventh" and higher +--------------------- + +The +:ref:`adjective_cardinal_number` +forms are used for ordinal numbers higher than ten ("eleventh", +"twelfth", etc.). + +- GEN 7:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּשִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר יֹ֖ום + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **beshiv'ah-'asar** yowm + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **in seven\_ten** day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **on the seventeenth** day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 19:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְה֖וּא בִּשְׁנֵ֣ים הֶעָשָׂ֑ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehu **bishnem he'asar** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he **in-two the-ten** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and he was **with the twelfth** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Part of a whole +--------------- + +- GEN 47:24 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם **חֲמִישִׁ֖ית** לְפַרְעֹ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + unethattem **hamishith** lefar'oh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-you-must-give **a-fifth** to-Pharaoh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you must give **one fifth** of the crop to the king + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/adjective_ordinal_number/01.md b/content/adjective_ordinal_number/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 63155bf..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_ordinal_number/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Bibliel Hebrew, ordinal numbers are used to express a rank or order of items in a series (first, second, third, etc.) or to express a part of a whole (a third, a fourth, a fifth, etc.). diff --git a/content/adjective_ordinal_number/02.md b/content/adjective_ordinal_number/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 39bb076..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_ordinal_number/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,158 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Biblical Hebrew contains two sets of numbers: [cardinal numbers](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md) and ordinal numbers. Ordinal numbers describe either a numeric rank/order or a portion of a whole. "First" through "tenth" have unique ordinal forms, but the cardinal forms are used from "eleventh" and higher. Ordinal numbers function as [attributive adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_attributive/02.md), but they may not always have the same grammatical form (gender, number, definiteness) as the noun they describe. - -NOTE: Sometimes a cardinal form is used, but an ordinal meaning is clearly indicated from the context (see examples below). - -## "First" through "Tenth" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
wordHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculineרִאֹשׁוֹןri'oshonfirst
masculineשֵׁנִיshenisecond
masculineשְׁלִישִׁיshelishithird
masculineרְבִיעִיrebi'ifourth
masculineחֲמִישִׁיhamishififth
masculineשִׁשִּׁיshishisixth
masculineשְׁבִיעִיshevi'iseventh
masculineשְׁמִינִיsheminieighth
masculineתְּשִׁיעִיteshi'ininth
masculineעֲשִׂירִי'asiritenth
- -* GEN 47:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית
bashanah **hashenith**
in-the-year **the-second**
in **the second** year
- -* DEU 5:14 –– a [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md) ordinal number describing an indefinite noun - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְי֙וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י
weyom **hashevi'i**
and-day **the-seventh**
and **the seventh** day
- - - -* 2KI 15:32 –– a cardinal number functioning as an ordinal number - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם
bishnath **shetayim**
in-year two
in **the second** year
- -* 2SA 4:2 –– cardinal numbers functioning as ordinal numbers - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שֵׁם֩ **הָאֶחָ֨ד** ... וְשֵׁ֧ם הַשֵּׁנִ֣י
ushene **'anashim** ... weshem **hasheni**
name-of **the-one** ... and-name-of **the-two**
the name of **the first** ... and the name of **the second**
- -## "Eleventh" and higher -The [cardinal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_cardinal_number/02.md) forms are used for ordinal numbers higher than ten ("eleventh", "twelfth", etc.). - -* GEN 7:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּשִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר יֹ֖ום
**beshiv'ah-'asar** yowm
**in seven_ten** day
**on the seventeenth** day
- -* 1KI 19:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְה֖וּא בִּשְׁנֵ֣ים הֶעָשָׂ֑ר
wehu **bishnem he'asar**
and-he **in-two the-ten**
and he was **with the twelfth**
- -## Part of a whole - -* GEN 47:24 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם **חֲמִישִׁ֖ית** לְפַרְעֹ֑ה
unethattem **hamishith** lefar'oh
and-you-must-give **a-fifth** to-Pharaoh
you must give **one fifth** of the crop to the king
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adjective_ordinal_number/title.md b/content/adjective_ordinal_number/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48020c5..0000000 --- a/content/adjective_ordinal_number/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Adjective Ordinal Number \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/adverb.rst b/content/adverb.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4a8df0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/adverb.rst @@ -0,0 +1,3829 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adverb.rst + +.. _adverb: + +Adverb +====== + +Summary +------- + +An adverb is a word that describes the verb, or sometimes describes the +sentence as a whole. Particles in Biblical Hebrew are closely related to +adverbs. + +Article +------- + +Biblical Hebrew does not contain many words that are classified directly +as adverbs. However, many different kinds of words have potential to +function as adverbs, including +:ref:`infinitive_absolute`, +:ref:`adjective`, +and even +:ref:`noun`. +Many adverbs in Biblical Hebrew have the potential to serve multiple +functions. For example, כֹּה can function as an adverb of place, an +adverb of time, or an adverb of manner; פֹּה can function as an adverb +of time or an adverb of place, etc. + +Many particles are closely related to adverbs in Biblical Hebrew. A +general rule is that when a particle occurs after the verb, it functions +as an adverb; but when a particle appears before the verb, then it +functions in some other way (usually as a particle or conjunction). But +this rule is not universal; both adverbs and adverbial particles +sometimes appear before the verb rather than after the verb, as in the +example below (GEN 32:11). + +Adverbs of place +---------------- + +- GEN 22:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׁבוּ־לָכֶ֥ם **פֹּה֙** עִֽם־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַאֲנִ֣י וְהַנַּ֔עַר נֵלְכָ֖ה + עַד־כֹּ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + shevu-lakhem **poh** 'im-hahamor wa'ani wehanna'ar nelekhah + 'ad-**koh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Stay\_to-you **here** with\_the-donkey and-I and-the-lad will-go + to\_\ **there**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You two stay **here** with the donkey while the boy and I go over + **there**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DEU 31:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָֽיָה־\ **שָׁ֥ם** בְּךָ֖ לְעֵֽד׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehayah-\ **sham** bekha le'ed + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + it-may-be **there** as-a-witness against-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + it may remain **there** to testify about what Yahweh will do to the + people if they disobey him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZE 40:30 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֵֽלַמּ֖וֹת **סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב** אֹ֗רֶךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'elammoth **saviv saviv** 'orekh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-porticos **surrounding surrounding** length + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + There were also porticos **all around** the inner wall + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adverbs of time +--------------- + +- GEN 32:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְעַתָּ֥ה הָיִ֖יתִי לִשְׁנֵ֥י מַחֲנֽוֹת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-now** I-have-become to-two companies + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and now** I have become two camps + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 4:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָ֣ז הוּחַ֔ל לִקְרֹ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Then** he-began to-call-out in-name-of Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **At that time** people began to call on the name of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adverbs of quantity +------------------- + +- GEN 31:41 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּ֤חַר לְקַ֙יִן֙ מְאֹ֔ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-burned for-Cain **greatly** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So Cain was **very** angry + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 22:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקְרָ֛א מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם **שֵׁנִ֖ית** + מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-called-out angel-of Yahweh to\_Abraham **second** + from\_the-heavens + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The angel of Yahweh called to Abraham **a second time** from heaven + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adverbs of manner +----------------- + +- JDG 21:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹֽא־מָצְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + but-not they-found for-them **thus** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + but there were not **enough** women for all of them. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ZEP 1:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַ֥ר צֹרֵ֖חַ שָׁ֥ם גִּבּֽוֹר׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mar** tsoreah sham gibbor + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **bitterly** cries there hero. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + even brave soldiers will cry **loudly**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Substantive adverbs +------------------- + +Because there are not many direct adverbs in Biblical Hebrew, other +kinds of words often function as adverbs. + +Particles +~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 3:22 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלָקַ֕חַת **גַּ֥ם** אֶת־דּוּדָאֵ֖י בְּנִ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-to-take **also** [dir.obj]\_mandrakes-of my-son + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Do you now want to take away my son's mandrakes, **too**? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 6:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְכָל־יֵ֙צֶר֙ מַחְשְׁבֹ֣ת לִבּ֔וֹ **רַ֥ק** רַ֖ע כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-all-of\_intentions-of thoughts-of his-heart **only** evil + all-of\_the-day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts was **only** evil + continually + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitives (absolute state) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 2:16 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן **אָכֹ֥ל** תֹּאכֵֽל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mikkol 'ets-haggan **'akhol** tokhel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + from-every tree-of\_the-garden **eating** you-may-eat + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + From every tree in the garden you may **freely** eat. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 3:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָקִ֣ים אֶל־עֵלִ֔י אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֑ו + **הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'aqim 'el-'eli 'eth kol-'asher dibbarti 'el-bethow **hahel + wekhalleh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-will-fulfill to\_Eli [dir.obj] all\_that I-have-spoken + to\_his-house **beginning and-ending**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I will fulfill against Eli everything that I have spoken concerning + his house, **from beginning to end**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjectives +~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JOS 21:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for to-them it-was the-lot **first** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + For the **first** casting of lots had fallen to them. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOS 1:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֥אמֶר עֵשָׂ֖ו יֶשׁ־לִ֣י **רָ֑ב** אָחִ֕י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-said Esau 'There-is\_for-me **enough** my-brother' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Esau said, "I have **enough**, my brother." + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Nouns +~~~~~ + +- 1SA 12:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ **בֶּֽטַח**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + watteshevu **betah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-you-lived **safety** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and you lived **safely** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- HOS 14:4 (in Hebrew: HOS 14:5) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֹהֲבֵ֖ם נְדָבָ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ohavem **nedavah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-will-love **free** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I will love them **freely** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +***Editor's note (Joel): this material is for deletion.*** + +לֹא +~~~ + +לֹא is for general negation, especially in a verbal clause. + +- EXO 6:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **welo** shame'u 'el-mosheh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-not** they-listened to\_Moses + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **but** they **did not** believe what Moses said + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PRO 1:29 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה **לֹ֣א** בָחָֽרוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weyir'ath yehowah **lo** vaharu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-fear Yahweh **not** they-chose + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and **did not** choose the fear of Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אַל +~~~ + +אַל is used for negative +:ref:`verb_imperative`. + +- GEN 35:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֤הּ הַמְיַלֶּ֙דֶת֙ **אַל**\ ־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattomer lah hamyalledeth **'al**-tire'i + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-she-said to-her the midwife **not** you-will-fear + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the midwife said to Rachel, "**Do not** be afraid" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NEH 4:5 (NEH 3:37 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאַל־תְּכַס֙ עַל־עֲוֺנָ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **we'al**-tekhas 'al-'awonam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-not**\ \_you-will-cover over\_their-iniquity + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Do not** take away their guilt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אֵין/אַיִן +~~~~~~~~~~ + +אֵין/אַיִן for "there is not". + +- DEU 28:29 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֵ֥ין מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **we'en** moshia' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-not** to-save-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and there will not be anyone** to help you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOS 6:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֥ין יוֹצֵ֖א וְאֵ֥ין בָּֽא׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'en** yotse we'en ba + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **No-one** going-out and-no-one coming-in. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **No one** could go enter or leave the city. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +בַּל +~~~~ + +- בַּל is a negative adverb used in poetry. + +- PSA 10:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ **בַּל**\ ־אֶמּ֑וֹט + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'amar belibbo **bal**-'emmot + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He-says in-his-heart **not** I-will-fail" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In his mind he thinks, "**Nothing** bad can happen to me!" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +בְּלִי֙ +~~~~~~~ + +- בְּלִי֙ is a negative adverb usually used in poetry. + +- PSA 19:3 (PSA 19:4 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **beli** nishma' qolam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **not** it-is-heard their-voice. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + There is **no** sound from them for anyone to hear. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +בִּלְתִּ֣י +~~~~~~~~~~ + +- בִּלְתִּ֣י can mean "not," "except," or "unless" + +- GEN 43:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י **בִּלְתִּ֖י** אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lo-thir'u fanay **bilti** 'ahikhem 'ittekhem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Not\_you-will-see my-face **unless** your-brother with-you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I will not let you see me again **if** you come and your younger + brother is **not** with you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +emphasis +~~~~~~~~ + +In Hebrew, adverbs of negation can combine with another negative word to +add emphasis. + +- 2KI 1:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י **אֵין**\ ־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hamibbeli **'en**-'elohim beyisra'el + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Because **there-is-no**\ \_God in-Israel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Is it because **there is no** God in Israel? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 3:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתִּתֵּ֧ן **גַּם**\ ־לְאִישָׁ֛הּ עִמָּ֖הּ וַיֹּאכַֽל׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattitten **gam**-le'ishah 'immah wayyokhal + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-she-gave **also** to-her-husband with-her and-he-ate. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then she gave some to her husband, and he ate it. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. + +גַּם ... גַּם can mean "both... and" + +- GEN 44:16 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + גַּם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ **גַּ֛ם** אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֥א הַגָּבִ֖יעַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **gam**-'anahnu **gam** 'asher-nimtsa haggavia' beyado + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **both**\ \_we **and** who it-was-found the-cup in-his-hand + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **both** we **and** the one in whose sack the cup was found. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Emphatic +'''''''' + +- גַּם can mean "even" + +- EXO 4:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָיָ֡ה אִם־לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ **גַּם֩** לִשְׁנֵ֨י הָאֹת֜וֹת הָאֵ֗לֶּה + וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁמְעוּן֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehayah 'im-lo ya'aminu **gam** lishne ha'othoth ha'elleh welo + yishme'un + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-is if\_not they-believe **even** in-two-of the-signs the-these + and-not they-listen + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But if they do not believe you or listen to what you say even after + you show them these two miracles + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. + +Rhetorical +'''''''''' + +- GEN 27:33 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ **גַּם**\ ־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'avarakhehu **gam**-barukh yihyeh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-I-will-bless-him **indeed** being-blessed he-will-be. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I cannot take back that blessing. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. + +Correlative +''''''''''' + +- גַּם can mean "on one's part" + +- 2SA 12:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + גַּם־יְהוָ֛ה הֶעֱבִ֥יר חַטָּאתְךָ֖ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **gam**-yehwah he'evir hattathekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **on his part** Yahweh has-passed-over your-sin + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh has overlooked your sin. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. + +Concessive +'''''''''' + +- גַּם can show contrast + +- ISA 1:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **gam** ki-tharbu thefillah 'enenni shomea' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Even** though\_you-make-many prayer not-I I-will-listen + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Even** though you offer many prayers, I will not listen. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אַךְ +^^^^ + +Restrictive +''''''''''' + +- אַךְ can mean "only" or "however" + +- GEN 9:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַךְ־בָּשָׂ֕ר בְּנַפְשׁ֥וֹ דָמ֖וֹ לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'akh**-basar benafsho damo lo thokhelu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **However**\ \_meat in-its-life its-blood not you-shall-eat + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **But** you must not eat meat with its life—that is its blood—in it. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +רַ֥ק +^^^^ + +Restrictive +''''''''''' + +- רַ֥ק can mean "only" + +- NUM 12:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲרַ֤ק אַךְ־בְּמֹשֶׁה֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **haraq** 'akh-bemosheh dibber yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **only** really\_with-Moses spoken Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Is Moses the **only** one to whom Yahweh has spoken messages to tell + to us? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Emphatic +'''''''' + +- רַ֥ק can mean "if only" + +- DEU 15:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + רַ֚ק אִם־שָׁמ֣וֹעַ תִּשְׁמַ֔ע בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **raq** 'im-shamoa' tishma' beqol yehwah 'eloheykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **only** if\_listening you-will-listen to-voice-of Yahweh your-God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + if **only** you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/adverb/01.md b/content/adverb/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 33a6be1..0000000 --- a/content/adverb/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -An adverb is a word that describes the verb, or sometimes describes the sentence as a whole. Particles in Biblical Hebrew are closely related to adverbs. diff --git a/content/adverb/02.md b/content/adverb/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3b941e3..0000000 --- a/content/adverb/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,709 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -Biblical Hebrew does not contain many words that are classified directly as adverbs. However, many different kinds of words have potential to function as adverbs, including [particles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/02.md), [infinitives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md), [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), and even [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md). Many adverbs in Biblical Hebrew have the potential to serve multiple functions. For example, כֹּה can function as an adverb of place, an adverb of time, or an adverb of manner; פֹּה can function as an adverb of time or an adverb of place, etc. - -Many particles are closely related to adverbs in Biblical Hebrew. A general rule is that when a particle occurs after the verb, it functions as an adverb; but when a particle appears before the verb, then it functions in some other way (usually as a particle or conjunction). But this rule is not universal; both adverbs and adverbial particles sometimes appear before the verb rather than after the verb, as in the example below (GEN 32:11). - -## Adverbs of place - -* GEN 22:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׁבוּ־לָכֶ֥ם **פֹּה֙** עִֽם־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַאֲנִ֣י וְהַנַּ֔עַר נֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־כֹּ֑ה
shevu-lakhem **poh** 'im-hahamor wa'ani wehanna'ar nelekhah 'ad-**koh**
Stay\_to-you **here** with\_the-donkey and-I and-the-lad will-go to\_**there**.
You two stay **here** with the donkey while the boy and I go over **there**.
- -* DEU 31:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָֽיָה־**שָׁ֥ם** בְּךָ֖ לְעֵֽד׃
wehayah-**sham** bekha le'ed
it-may-be **there** as-a-witness against-you
it may remain **there** to testify about what Yahweh will do to the people if they disobey him
- -* EZE 40:30 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֵֽלַמּ֖וֹת **סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב** אֹ֗רֶךְ
we'elammoth **saviv saviv** 'orekh
And-porticos **surrounding surrounding** length
There were also porticos **all around** the inner wall
- -## Adverbs of time - -* GEN 32:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְעַתָּ֥ה הָיִ֖יתִי לִשְׁנֵ֥י מַחֲנֽוֹת
**and-now** I-have-become to-two companies
**and now** I have become two camps
- -* GEN 4:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָ֣ז הוּחַ֔ל לִקְרֹ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה
**Then** he-began to-call-out in-name-of Yahweh
**At that time** people began to call on the name of Yahweh.
- -## Adverbs of quantity - -* GEN 31:41 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּ֤חַר לְקַ֙יִן֙ מְאֹ֔ד
And-it-burned for-Cain **greatly**
So Cain was **very** angry
- -* GEN 22:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקְרָ֛א מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם **שֵׁנִ֖ית** מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
And-he-called-out angel-of Yahweh to_Abraham **second** from_the-heavens
The angel of Yahweh called to Abraham **a second time** from heaven
- -## Adverbs of manner - -* JDG 21:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹֽא־מָצְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃
but-not they-found for-them **thus**
but there were not **enough** women for all of them.
- -* ZEP 1:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַ֥ר צֹרֵ֖חַ שָׁ֥ם גִּבּֽוֹר׃
**mar** tsoreah sham gibbor
**bitterly** cries there hero.
even brave soldiers will cry **loudly**.
- - -## Substantive adverbs - -Because there are not many direct adverbs in Biblical Hebrew, other kinds of words often function as adverbs. - -### Particles - -* GEN 3:22 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלָקַ֕חַת **גַּ֥ם** אֶת־דּוּדָאֵ֖י בְּנִ֑י
and-to-take **also** [dir.obj]_mandrakes-of my-son
Do you now want to take away my son's mandrakes, **too**?
- -* GEN 6:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְכָל־יֵ֙צֶר֙ מַחְשְׁבֹ֣ת לִבּ֔וֹ **רַ֥ק** רַ֖ע כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם
and-all-of_intentions-of thoughts-of his-heart **only** evil all-of_the-day
every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts was **only** evil continually
- -### Infinitives (absolute state) - -* GEN 2:16 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן **אָכֹ֥ל** תֹּאכֵֽל
mikkol 'ets-haggan **'akhol** tokhel
from-every tree-of_the-garden **eating** you-may-eat
From every tree in the garden you may **freely** eat.
- -* 1SA 3:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָקִ֣ים אֶל־עֵלִ֔י אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֑ו **הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה**׃
'aqim 'el-'eli 'eth kol-'asher dibbarti 'el-bethow **hahel wekhalleh**
I-will-fulfill to\_Eli [dir.obj] all\_that I-have-spoken to\_his-house **beginning and-ending**.
I will fulfill against Eli everything that I have spoken concerning his house, **from beginning to end**.
- - -### Adjectives - -* JOS 21:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה
for to-them it-was the-lot **first**
For the **first** casting of lots had fallen to them.
- -* JOS 1:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר עֵשָׂ֖ו יֶשׁ־לִ֣י **רָ֑ב** אָחִ֕י
And-he-said Esau 'There-is_for-me **enough** my-brother'
Esau said, "I have **enough**, my brother."
- -### Nouns - -* 1SA 12:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ **בֶּֽטַח**׃
watteshevu **betah**
and-you-lived **safety**
and you lived **safely**
- -* HOS 14:4 (in Hebrew: HOS 14:5) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֹהֲבֵ֖ם נְדָבָ֑ה
'ohavem **nedavah**
I-will-love **free**
I will love them **freely**
- ---------------------------------------------- -***Editor's note (Joel): this material is for deletion.*** - - -### לֹא - -לֹא is for general negation, especially in a verbal clause. - -* EXO 6:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה
**welo** shame'u 'el-mosheh
**and-not** they-listened to\_Moses
**but** they **did not** believe what Moses said
- -* PRO 1:29 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה **לֹ֣א** בָחָֽרוּ
weyir'ath yehowah **lo** vaharu
and-fear Yahweh **not** they-chose
and **did not** choose the fear of Yahweh
- -### אַל - -אַל is used for negative [imperatives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md). - -* GEN 35:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֤הּ הַמְיַלֶּ֙דֶת֙ **אַל**־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י
wattomer lah hamyalledeth **'al**-tire'i
and-she-said to-her the midwife **not** you-will-fear
the midwife said to Rachel, "**Do not** be afraid"
- -* NEH 4:5 (NEH 3:37 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאַל־תְּכַס֙ עַל־עֲוֺנָ֔ם
**we'al**-tekhas 'al-'awonam
**And-not**\_you-will-cover over\_their-iniquity
**Do not** take away their guilt
- -### אֵין/אַיִן - -אֵין/אַיִן for "there is not". - -* DEU 28:29 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֵ֥ין מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃
**we'en** moshia'
**and-not** to-save-you
**and there will not be anyone** to help you.
- -* JOS 6:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֥ין יוֹצֵ֖א וְאֵ֥ין בָּֽא׃
**'en** yotse we'en ba
**No-one** going-out and-no-one coming-in.
**No one** could go enter or leave the city.
- - -### בַּל - -* בַּל is a negative adverb used in poetry. - -* PSA 10:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ **בַּל**־אֶמּ֑וֹט
'amar belibbo **bal**-'emmot
He-says in-his-heart **not** I-will-fail"
In his mind he thinks, "**Nothing** bad can happen to me!"
- -### בְּלִי֙ - -* בְּלִי֙ is a negative adverb usually used in poetry. - -* PSA 19:3 (PSA 19:4 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם׃
**beli** nishma' qolam
**not** it-is-heard their-voice.
There is **no** sound from them for anyone to hear.
- -### בִּלְתִּ֣י - -* בִּלְתִּ֣י can mean "not," "except," or "unless" - -* GEN 43:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י **בִּלְתִּ֖י** אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃
lo-thir'u fanay **bilti** 'ahikhem 'ittekhem
Not\_you-will-see my-face **unless** your-brother with-you.
I will not let you see me again **if** you come and your younger brother is **not** with you.
- -### emphasis - -In Hebrew, adverbs of negation can combine with another negative word to add emphasis. - -* 2KI 1:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י **אֵין**־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
hamibbeli **'en**-'elohim beyisra'el
Because **there-is-no**\_God in-Israel
Is it because **there is no** God in Israel?
- -* GEN 3:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתִּתֵּ֧ן **גַּם**־לְאִישָׁ֛הּ עִמָּ֖הּ וַיֹּאכַֽל׃
wattitten **gam**-le'ishah 'immah wayyokhal
And-she-gave **also** to-her-husband with-her and-he-ate.
Then she gave some to her husband, and he ate it.
-Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. - -גַּם ... גַּם can mean "both... and" - -* GEN 44:16 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
גַּם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ **גַּ֛ם** אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֥א הַגָּבִ֖יעַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
**gam**-'anahnu **gam** 'asher-nimtsa haggavia' beyado
**both**_we **and** who it-was-found the-cup in-his-hand
**both** we **and** the one in whose sack the cup was found.
- -##### Emphatic - -* גַּם can mean "even" - -* EXO 4:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָיָ֡ה אִם־לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ **גַּם֩** לִשְׁנֵ֨י הָאֹת֜וֹת הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁמְעוּן֙
wehayah 'im-lo ya'aminu **gam** lishne ha'othoth ha'elleh welo yishme'un
And-it-is if\_not they-believe **even** in-two-of the-signs the-these and-not they-listen
But if they do not believe you or listen to what you say even after you show them these two miracles
-Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. - -##### Rhetorical - -* GEN 27:33 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ **גַּם**־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה׃
wa'avarakhehu **gam**-barukh yihyeh
And-I-will-bless-him **indeed** being-blessed he-will-be.
I cannot take back that blessing.
-Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. - -##### Correlative - -* גַּם can mean "on one's part" - -* 2SA 12:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
גַּם־יְהוָ֛ה הֶעֱבִ֥יר חַטָּאתְךָ֖
**gam**-yehwah he'evir hattathekha
**on his part** Yahweh has-passed-over your-sin
Yahweh has overlooked your sin.
-Here the smooth translation does not represent the word גַּם. - -##### Concessive - -* גַּם can show contrast - -* ISA 1:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ
**gam** ki-tharbu thefillah 'enenni shomea'
**Even** though\_you-make-many prayer not-I I-will-listen
**Even** though you offer many prayers, I will not listen.
- - -#### אַךְ - -##### Restrictive - -* אַךְ can mean "only" or "however" - -* GEN 9:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַךְ־בָּשָׂ֕ר בְּנַפְשׁ֥וֹ דָמ֖וֹ לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃
**'akh**-basar benafsho damo lo thokhelu
**However**\_meat in-its-life its-blood not you-shall-eat
**But** you must not eat meat with its life—that is its blood—in it.
- -#### רַ֥ק - -##### Restrictive - -* רַ֥ק can mean "only" - -* NUM 12:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲרַ֤ק אַךְ־בְּמֹשֶׁה֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה
**haraq** 'akh-bemosheh dibber yehwah
**only** really\_with-Moses spoken Yahweh
Is Moses the **only** one to whom Yahweh has spoken messages to tell to us?
- -##### Emphatic - -* רַ֥ק can mean "if only" - -* DEU 15:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
רַ֚ק אִם־שָׁמ֣וֹעַ תִּשְׁמַ֔ע בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ
**raq** 'im-shamoa' tishma' beqol yehwah 'eloheykha
**only** if\_listening you-will-listen to-voice-of Yahweh your-God
if **only** you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God
diff --git a/content/adverb/title.md b/content/adverb/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index eec81f4..0000000 --- a/content/adverb/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Adverb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/back/reference.md b/content/back.rst similarity index 52% rename from content/back/reference.md rename to content/back.rst index 12d7ea1..1778d31 100644 --- a/content/back/reference.md +++ b/content/back.rst @@ -1,26 +1,40 @@ -## Bibliography +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/back.rst +.. _back: +Bibliography +------------ -The following resources were consulted in the creation and revision of the Unlocked Hebrew Grammar. +The following resources were consulted in the creation and revision of +the Unlocked Hebrew Grammar. -Arnold, B.T., and J. H. Choi. *A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax.* Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2003. +Arnold, B.T., and J. H. Choi. *A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax.* +Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2003. -*Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics.* G. Khan, general editor. Leiden: Brill, 2013. +*Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics.* G. Khan, general +editor. Leiden: Brill, 2013. -Gesenius, W., E. Kautzsch, and A. E. Cowley. *Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar.* Dover ed. Dover Books on Language. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2006. +Gesenius, W., E. Kautzsch, and A. E. Cowley. *Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar.* +Dover ed. Dover Books on Language. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, +2006. -Joüon, P. and T. Muraoka. *A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew.* Rome: Pontifical Bible Institute, 1996. +Joüon, P. and T. Muraoka. *A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew.* Rome: +Pontifical Bible Institute, 1996. -Pratico, G. D., and M. V. Van Pelt. *Basics of Biblical Hebrew Grammar.* Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007. +Pratico, G. D., and M. V. Van Pelt. *Basics of Biblical Hebrew Grammar.* +Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007. -Ross, A. P. *Introducing Biblical Hebrew.* Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001. +Ross, A. P. *Introducing Biblical Hebrew.* Grand Rapids, MI: Baker +Academic, 2001. -Seow, C. L. *Grammar for Biblical Hebrew,* Revised Edition. Place of publication not identified: Abingdon Press, 2013. +Seow, C. L. *Grammar for Biblical Hebrew,* Revised Edition. Place of +publication not identified: Abingdon Press, 2013. -Van der Merwe, C.H.J., J.A. Naudé, and J.H. Kroeze. *Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar.* Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic, 1999. +Van der Merwe, C.H.J., J.A. Naudé, and J.H. Kroeze. *Biblical Hebrew +Reference Grammar.* Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic, 1999. -Waltke, B. K., and M. P. O’Connor. *An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax.* Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990. - -Williams, R. J., and J. C. Beckman. *Williams’ Hebrew Syntax.* 3rd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. +Waltke, B. K., and M. P. O’Connor. *An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew +Syntax.* Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990. +Williams, R. J., and J. C. Beckman. *Williams’ Hebrew Syntax.* 3rd ed. +Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. diff --git a/content/conf.py b/content/conf.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..359c512 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/conf.py @@ -0,0 +1,338 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# +# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its +# containing dir. +# +# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this +# autogenerated file. +# +# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out +# serve to show the default. + +# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, +# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the +# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. +# +# import os +# import sys +# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.')) + +# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------ + +# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here. +# +# needs_sphinx = '1.0' + +# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be +# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom +# ones. +extensions = [] + +# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. +templates_path = ['_templates'] + +# The suffix(es) of source filenames. +# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string: +# +# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md'] +source_suffix = '.rst' + +# The encoding of source files. +# +# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig' + +# The master toctree document. +master_doc = 'index' + +# General information about the project. +project = u'unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar' +copyright = u'2018, unfoldingWord' +author = u'unfoldingWord' + +# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for +# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the +# built documents. +# +# The short X.Y version. +# version = u'0.1' +# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags. +# release = u'1-alpha' + +# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation +# for a list of supported languages. +# +# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs. +# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases. +language = None + +# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some +# non-false value, then it is used: +# +# today = '' +# +# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call. +# +# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y' + +# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and +# directories to ignore when looking for source files. +# This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path +exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store'] + +# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all +# documents. +# +# default_role = None + +# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text. +# +# add_function_parentheses = True + +# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description +# unit titles (such as .. function::). +# +# add_module_names = True + +# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the +# output. They are ignored by default. +# +# show_authors = False + +# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. +pygments_style = 'sphinx' + +# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting. +# modindex_common_prefix = [] + +# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents. +# keep_warnings = False + +# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing. +todo_include_todos = False + + +# -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------- + +# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for +# a list of builtin themes. +# +#html_theme = 'alabaster' +import sphinx_rtd_theme +html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme" +html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()] + +# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme +# further. 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Default is True. +# +# html_show_sphinx = True + +# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. +# +# html_show_copyright = True + +# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will +# contain a tag referring to it. The value of this option must be the +# base URL from which the finished HTML is served. +# +# html_use_opensearch = '' + +# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml"). +# html_file_suffix = None + +# Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index. +# Sphinx supports the following languages: +# 'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja' +# 'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr', 'zh' +# +# html_search_language = 'en' + +# A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default. +# 'ja' uses this config value. +# 'zh' user can custom change `jieba` dictionary path. +# +# html_search_options = {'type': 'default'} + +# The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that +# implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used. +# +# html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js' + +# Output file base name for HTML help builder. +htmlhelp_basename = 'GLManual' + +# -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------- + +latex_elements = { + # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper'). + # + # 'papersize': 'letterpaper', + + # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt'). + # + # 'pointsize': '10pt', + + # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble. + # + # 'preamble': '', + + # Latex figure (float) alignment + # + # 'figure_align': 'htbp', +} + +# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples +# (source start file, target name, title, +# author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]). +latex_documents = [ + (master_doc, 'GLManual.tex', u'unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar', + u'unfoldingWord', 'manual'), +] + +# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of +# the title page. +# +# latex_logo = None + +# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts, +# not chapters. +# +# latex_use_parts = False + +# If true, show page references after internal links. +# +# latex_show_pagerefs = False + +# If true, show URL addresses after external links. +# +# latex_show_urls = False + +# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. +# +# latex_appendices = [] + +# It false, will not define \strong, \code, itleref, \crossref ... but only +# \sphinxstrong, ..., \sphinxtitleref, ... To help avoid clash with user added +# packages. +# +# latex_keep_old_macro_names = True + +# If false, no module index is generated. +# +# latex_domain_indices = True + + +# -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------- + +# One entry per manual page. List of tuples +# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section). +man_pages = [ + (master_doc, 'unfoldingWordHebrewGrammar', u'unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar', + [author], 1) +] + +# If true, show URL addresses after external links. +# +# man_show_urls = False + + +# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------- + +# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples +# (source start file, target name, title, author, +# dir menu entry, description, category) +texinfo_documents = [ + (master_doc, 'unfoldingWordHebrewGrammar', u'unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar', + author, 'unfoldingWordHebrewGrammar', 'One line description of project.', + 'Miscellaneous'), +] + +# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. +# +# texinfo_appendices = [] + +# If false, no module index is generated. +# +# texinfo_domain_indices = True + +# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'. +# +# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote' + +# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu. +# +# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False diff --git a/content/conjunction.rst b/content/conjunction.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41eb10e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/conjunction.rst @@ -0,0 +1,3391 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/conjunction.rst + +.. _conjunction: + +Conjunction +=========== + +Summary +------- + +Conjunctions connect words, clauses, or phrases. Common conjunctions are +"and," "but," "or." + +Article +------- + +Biblical Hebrew contains only one primary conjunction (the prefix וְ), +but a whole family of other words also function as conjunctions. A +conjunction is a word that shows a relationship between two different +things within a text; these "things" can be individual words or phrases, +or even entire sentences or paragraphs. In Biblical Hebrew, particles +are often combined with each other to form compound conjunctions. +Compound conjunctions should not be considered merely as the sum of the +components, but rather as a single grammatical entity with its own range +of meanings which may or may not be different than the individual +component words. + +-וְ +--- + +Sentences in Biblical Hebrew often begin with the conjunction ו (as +either a consonant or a shureq vowel). This conjunction וְ ("and") +cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be connected to +another word as a prefix. This can be added to a +:ref:`noun`, +a +:ref:`verb`, +a +:ref:`pronoun`, +or a +:ref:`particle`. +The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired +with the definite article) or qamets (when paired with both the article +and a ה prefix), but others are also possible. + +NOTE: This conjunction is often left untranslated when it begins a +sentence or clause, or when it appears within the sequential verbal +forms (:ref:`verb_sequential_perfect` +and :ref:`verb_sequential_imperfect`). +Also, the conjunction is often added between every item of a list in +Biblical Hebrew; but in English the וְ is not translated for each item. + +Form +~~~~ + +The conjunction וְ can appear either as a prefix to a word or particle, +or as part of a sequential verbal form. + +- ZEC 3:3 –– as a prefix to a separate word + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְעֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י הַמַּלְאָֽךְ‬ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **we'omed** lifne hammal'akh‬ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-was-standing** to-face-of the-angel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and he was standing** in front of the angel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:13 –– as part of a sequential verbal form + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב **וַֽיְהִי**\ ־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שְׁלִישִֽׁי׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayehi**-'erev **wayehi**\ voqer yom shelishi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-there-was**\ \_evening, **and-there-was**\ \_morning, day + third. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **This was** evening and morning, the third day. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +~~~~~~~~ + +The conjunction וְ can express any of the following connective +relationships: + +Copulative +^^^^^^^^^^ + +This connects two similar ideas and is usually translated as "and" in +English. + +- GEN 1:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם **וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ** קָ֣רָא + לָ֑יְלָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyiqra 'elohim la'or yom **welahoshekh** qara laylah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-called God to-the-light day **and-to-the-darkness** he-called + night + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He named the light "day," **and** he named **the darkness** "night." + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Disjunctive +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This connects two opposite ideas and is usually translated as "and" in +English. + +- GEN 2:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּמֵעֵ֗ץ הַדַּ֙עַת֙ ט֣וֹב **וָרָ֔ע** לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ume'ets hadda'ath tov **wara'** lo thokhal mimmennu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But-from-tree-of the-knowledge-of good **and-evil** not you-shall-eat + from-it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But from the tree of the knowledge of good **and evil** you may not + eat + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adversative +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This contrasts two different ideas and is usually translated as “but” in +English. + +- GEN 6:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְנֹ֕חַ מָ֥צָא חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wenoah** matsa hen be'ene yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **But-Noah** found favor in-eyes-of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **But Noah** found favor in the eyes of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Alternative +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This compares two ideas as potentially equivalent and is usually +translated as “or” in English. + +- EXO 20:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ **וּבִנְךָֽ֣־וּבִתֶּ֗ךָ** + עַבְדְּךָ֤ **וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖** אֲשֶׁ֥ר + בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lo-tha'aseh khol-melakhah 'attah **uvinkha-wwvittekha** 'avdekha + **wa'amathekha uvehemtekha wegerekha** 'asher bish'areykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Not\_you-shall-do any\_work you **nor-your-son\_nor-your-daughter** + your-male-servant **nor-your-female-servant nor-your-cattle + nor-foreigner** who in-your-gates. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + On it you must not do any work, you, **or your son, or your daughter, + or your male servant, or your female servant, or your cattle, or the + foreigner** who is within your gates. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Explicative +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This provides additional information about one idea and is translated +“even” (or is sometimes left untranslated) in English. + +- GEN 4:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהֶ֨בֶל הֵבִ֥יא גַם־ה֛וּא מִבְּכֹר֥וֹת צֹאנ֖וֹ וּמֵֽחֶלְבֵהֶ֑ן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehevel hevi gam-hu mibbekhoroth tsono **umehelvehen** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-Abel brought also\_he from-firstborn-of his-flock + **even-from-fat** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + As for Abel, he brought some of the firstborn of his flock **and some + of the fat** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Circumstantial +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This connects clauses/phrases that happen at the same time; it is +usually translated as “while” or “when” in English. + +- GEN 45:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּפֹּ֛ל עַל־צַוְּארֵ֥י בִנְיָמִֽן־אָחִ֖יו וַיֵּ֑בְךְּ + **וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן** בָּכָ֖ה עַל־צַוָּארָֽיו׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyippol 'al-tsawwere vinyamin-'ahiw wayyevk **uvinyamin** bakhah + 'al-tsawwarayw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-fell on\_neck-of Benjamin\_his-brother and-he-wept + **and-Benjamin** wept on\_his-neck. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He hugged his brother Benjamin's neck and wept, **while Benjamin** + wept on his neck. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +ֹאו +--- + +The word אוֹ is the standard alternative conjunction in Biblical Hebrew, +usually translated as "or" in English. + +- EXO 21:32 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִם־עֶ֛בֶד יִגַּ֥ח הַשּׁ֖וֹר **א֣וֹ** אָמָ֑ה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'im-'eved yiggah hashor **'o** 'amah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If\_male-servant gores the-ox **or** female-servant + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If a bull attacks and gores a male **or** female slave + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +כִּי +---- + +[NOTE: כִּי is one of the most flexible words in Biblical Hebrew in +terms of its meaning. It can function either as a conjunction or as a +particle, with many different potential meanings. If in doubt, it is +recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon to confirm how +the word is being used in any specific instance.] + +The word כִּי is the standard causal conjunction in Biblical Hebrew, and +is usually translated as "for" in English. However, it is also commonly +used as a conditional conjunction (usually translated, "if"). Often, +כִּי is conditional when it occurs at the beginning of a sentence and +causal when it occurs in the middle (or toward the end) of a sentence, +but there are notable exceptions to this general rule. + +Causal +~~~~~~ + +This is the most common use of the word כִּי. However, sometimes it is +extremely difficult to distinguish between a causal conjunction that +expresses purpose and one that expresses result. When כִּי functions as +a causal conjunction, it is often translated into English simply as +"for", which can express either purpose or result. + +Expresses purpose +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This means to express the purpose, reason, or cause for an action/event. +In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as +"for" or "because". + +- GEN 3:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ אֶֽל־הַנָּחָשׁ֮ **כִּ֣י** עָשִׂ֣יתָ + זֹּאת֒ אָר֤וּר אַתָּה֙׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer yehowah 'elohim 'el-hannahash **ki** 'asitha zoth 'arur + 'attah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-said Yahweh God to\_the-serpent **because** you-have-done this + cursed you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then Yahweh God said to the snake, "**Because** you did this, I will + curse you." + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses result +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This means to express the result or intended outcome of an action/event. +In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as +"for" or “so that”. + +- GEN 20:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מָ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ **כִּ֥י** עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mah ra'itha **ki** 'asitha 'eth-haddavar hazzeh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + What did-you-see **so-that** you-did [dir.obj]\_the-thing the-this? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + What prompted you **to** do this thing? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Conditional +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Hebrew. This +conjunction can describe either a hypothetical condition or an actual +condition, as determined by the context. + +Expresses a hypothetical condition +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has +not actually happened in reality. This kind of conditional conjunction +is usually translated as "if" in English. Hypothetical conditions have +potential to convey many different nuances of possibility and/or +desirability. + +- 2KI 4:29 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּֽי־תִמְצָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א תְבָרְכֶ֔נּוּ **וְכִֽי**\ ־יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ + אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א תַעֲנֶנּ֑וּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ki**-thimtsa 'ish lo thevorkhennu **wekhi**-yevarekhkha 'ish lo + tha'anennu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If**\ \_you-meet man not\_greet-him **and-if**\ \_greets-you man + not answer-him. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If** you meet any man, do not greet him, and **if** anyone greets + you, do not answer him. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses an actual condition +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually +happened in reality, and is usually translated as "when" or "while" in +English. Usually, this kind of condition indicates something that is +happening concurrently with the main action/event being described, or +something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances. + +- GEN 27:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְהִי֙ **כִּֽי**\ ־זָקֵ֣ן יִצְחָ֔ק וַתִּכְהֶ֥יןָ עֵינָ֖יו מֵרְאֹ֑ת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayhiy **ki**-zaqen yitshaq wattikhheyna 'enayw mere'oth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-happened **when**\ \_old Isaac and-were-dim his-eyes + from-seeing + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **When** Isaac was old and his eyes were dim so that he could not see + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Other uses +~~~~~~~~~~ + +The word כִּי can also express other conjunctive meanings, often as an +adversative following a negated statement. If in doubt, it is +recommended to always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact +meaning of the word in any specific instance. + +- GEN 17:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתְּךָ֔ לֹא־תִקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמָ֖הּ שָׂרָ֑י **כִּ֥י** + שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמָֽהּ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + saray 'ishtekha lo-thiqra 'eth-shemah saray **ki** sarah shemah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Sarai your-wife not\_call [dir.obj]\_her-name Sarai **but** Sarah + her-name. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + As for Sarai your wife, do not call her Sarai any more. **Instead**, + her name will be Sarah. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אִם +--- + +NOTE: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Hebrew is also +extremely flexible in its meaning. If in doubt, it is recommended to +always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of the word +in any specific instance. + +Conditional +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The word אִם is the standard conditional conjunction in Biblical Hebrew. +It is most often used to describe a hypothetical condition and +translated as "if" in English. However, this term can can be nuanced and +translated in a variety of specific ways, and it can be joined with +various other particles to form different compound conjunctions. +Therefore, this word must be translated always with senstivity to the +context to express the correct nuance. + +Expresses a hypothetical condition +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has +not actually happened in reality. This kind of conditional conjunction +is usually translated as "if" in English. Hypothetical conditions have +potential to convey many different nuances of possibility and/or +desirability. + +- GEN 18:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִם־אֶמְצָ֥א בִסְדֹ֛ם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים צַדִּיקִ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'im**-'emtsa visdom hamishim tsaddiqim bethokh ha'ir + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If**\ \_I-find in-Sodom fifty righteous in-place the-city + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If** I find fifty people in Sodom who have done nothing wrong + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JER 15:1 –– hypothetical condition as affirmation of an actual + condition + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִם־יַעֲמֹ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֤ה וּשְׁמוּאֵל֙ לְפָנַ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'im**-ya'amod mosheh ushemu'el lefanay + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Though**\ \_stood Moses and-Samuel before-me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Even if** Moses or Samuel were standing in front of me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses an actual condition +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually +happened in reality, and is usually translated as "when" or "while" in +English. Usually, this kind of condition indicates something that is +happening concurrently with the main action/event being described, or +something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances. + +- NUM 21:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָיָ֗ה **אִם**\ ־נָשַׁ֤ךְ הַנָּחָשׁ֙ אֶת־אִ֔ישׁ וְהִבִּ֛יט + אֶל־נְחַ֥שׁ הַנְּחֹ֖שֶׁת וָחָֽי׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehayah **'im**-nashakh hannahash 'eth-'ish wehibbit 'el-nehash + hannehosheth wahay + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-happened **when**\ \_he-had-bitten the-serpent [dir.obj]\_man + and-he-looked to\_serpent-of the-bronze and-he-lived + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **When** a snake bit any person, if he looked at the bronze snake, he + survived. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 31:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִם־כֹּ֣ה יֹאמַ֗ר נְקֻדִּים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׂכָרֶ֔ךָ וְיָלְד֥וּ + כָל־הַצֹּ֖אן נְקֻדִּ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'im**-koh yomar nequddim yihyeh sekharekha weyoldu khol-hatson + nequddim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **When**\ \_thus he-said speckled-ones it-will-be your-wages + and-they-bore all\_the-flock speckled-ones + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If** he said, 'The speckled animals will be your wages,' then all + the flock bore speckled young. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Alternative +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This use of the conjunction אִם is often found in a question and is +usually translated as "or" in English. + +- JOS 5:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה **אִם**\ ־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + halanu 'attah **'im**-letsarenu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Are-for-us you **or**\ \_for-our-enemies? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Are you for us **or** for our enemies? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +וְעַתָּה +-------- + +The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Hebrew often functions as an adverb +in a sentence. However, when עַתָּה appears at the beginning of a +sentence or clause, it usually functions not as an adverb but as a +conjunction, either standing alone or as a compound conjunction (when +paired with the prefix וְ or with particles such as גַּם or כִּי). In +either case, the term functions as a causal conjunction, indicating that +what follows is based upon what has come before. This conjunction must +be translated always with great sensitivity to the context to express +the correct nuance; in English, this conjunction can be translated as +"now", "so", "so now", "and now", "therefore", and others. A dictionary +or lexicon will indicate the specific nuance of this term in individual +contexts. + +- GEN 31:13 –– as a stand-alone conjunction + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַתָּ֗ה ק֥וּם צֵא֙ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'attah** qum tse' min-ha'arets hazzoth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now** rise-up go-out from\_the-land the-this + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now** rise up and leave this land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 8:26 –– with prefix וְ + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְעַתָּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יֵאָ֤מֶן נָא֙ דְּבָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר + דִּבַּ֔רְתָּ לְעַבְדְּךָ֖ דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **we'attah** 'elohe yisra'el ye'amen na' devareykha 'asher dibbarta + le'avdekha dawid 'avi  + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-now** God-of Israel let-it-be-true [exh.prtc] your-words that + you-spoke to-your-servant David my-father + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now then**, God of Israel, I pray that the promise you made to your + servant David my father, will come true. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 44:10 –– in compound conjunction with גַּם + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֕אמֶר **גַּם־עַתָּ֥ה** כְדִבְרֵיכֶ֖ם כֶּן־ה֑וּא + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer **gam-'attah** khedivrekhem ken-hu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-said **also\_now** as-your-words thus\_it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now also** let it be according to your words. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 13:13 –– in compound conjunction with כִּי + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֣י עַתָּ֗ה הֵכִ֨ין יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ki 'attah** hekhin yehwah 'eth-mamelakhtekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **For now** he-established Yahweh [dir.obj]\_your-reign + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **For then** Yahweh would have established your rule + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +לֽוּ +---- + +This term is a conditional conjunction, similar to אִם but used only to +express hypothetical conditions. The word can also appear in the +alternate forms לוּא and לֻא. This conjunction either: 1) expresses a +condition that cannot (or probably will not) happen, usually translated +"if" in English; or 2) conveys a strong desire for something to happen +that cannot (or probably will not) be realized, usually translated "if +only" in English. + +- JDG 13:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לוּ֩ חָפֵ֨ץ יְהוָ֤ה לַהֲמִיתֵ֙נוּ֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **lu** hafets yehwah lahamithenu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If** he-wanted Yahweh to-kill-us + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If** Yahweh intended to kill us + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NUM 14:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לוּ֩־מַ֙תְנוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **lu**-mathnu be'erets mitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If-only** we-had-died in-the-land-of Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **We wish** we had died in the land of Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +פֶּן +---- + +This term is also a conditional conjunction, and it expresses a certain +kind of hypothetical condition. The word can be used in two different +ways: either 1) in warnings to express a potential condition that will +take place if the warning is not heeded, usually translated "lest" in +English; or 2) to express the reason for a certain action to prevent a +possible condition from taking place, usually translated as "so +that...not" (or similar phrasing) in English. + +- GEN 3:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹ֥א תִגְּע֖וּ בּ֑וֹ **פֶּן**\ ־תְּמֻתֽוּן׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + welo thigge'u bo **pen**-temuthun + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-not you-will-touch in-it **so-that-not**\ \_you-will-die + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + nor may you touch it, **or** you will die. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 31:24 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִשָּׁ֧מֶר לְךָ֛ **פֶּן**\ ־תְּדַבֵּ֥ר עִֽם־יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִטּ֥וֹב + עַד־רָֽע + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hishamer lekha **pen**-tedabber 'im-ya'aqov mittov 'ad-ra' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Be-guarded to-you **so-that-not**\ \_you-speak with\_Jacob from-good + until\_bad. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Be careful **that** you speak to Jacob **neither** good **nor** bad. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Compound conjunctions +--------------------- + +כִּי אִם +~~~~~~~~ + +This compound conjunction functions most often as a strong adversative +or a strong concessive. In English, it is usually translated as "but", +"but if", or "except". It is recommended to always consult a dictionary +or lexicon for the exact meaning of any specific occurrence of this +compound conjunction. + +- 2KI 23:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֛י אִם־אָכְל֥וּ מַצֹּ֖ות בְּתֹ֥וךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ki 'im**-'okhlu matsowth bethowkh 'ahehem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **but if**\ \_they-ate unleavened-bread in-midst-of their-brothers. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **but** they ate unleavened bread among their brothers. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אַף כִּי +~~~~~~~~ + +Sometimes the words אַף and כִּי are paired together to form a compound +conjunction that functions much like an :ref:`particle_affirmation`, +conveying a strong sense of affirmation or addition. This compound +conjunction can appear with or without the prefix conjunction וְ +("and"). + +NOTE: Like other particles, the words אַף and כִּי sometimes appear +together but do NOT form a compound conjunction; in such cases, each +word retains its individual meaning, usually as an affirmation particle +(אַף) and a conditional conjunction (כִּי). These instances must be +determined from the context. If in doubt, consult a dictionary or +lexicon for the exact meaning of any specific occurrence. + +- GEN 3:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַ֚ף כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'af ki**-'amar 'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **indeed** he-has-said God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Has God **really** said + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZK 23:40 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאַ֗ף כִּ֤י־אַחֲרֵ֥י מוֹתִֽי׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **we'af ki**-'ahare mothi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-more** after my-death + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **how much more** after my death? + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/conjunction/01.md b/content/conjunction/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0432393..0000000 --- a/content/conjunction/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Conjunctions connect words, clauses, or phrases. Common conjunctions are "and," "but," "or." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/conjunction/02.md b/content/conjunction/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1d42926..0000000 --- a/content/conjunction/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Biblical Hebrew contains only one primary conjunction (the prefix וְ), but a whole family of other words also function as conjunctions. A conjunction is a word that shows a relationship between two different things within a text; these "things" can be individual words or phrases, or even entire sentences or paragraphs. In Biblical Hebrew, particles are often combined with each other to form compound conjunctions. Compound conjunctions should not be considered merely as the sum of the components, but rather as a single grammatical entity with its own range of meanings which may or may not be different than the individual component words. - -## -וְ - -Sentences in Biblical Hebrew often begin with the conjunction ו (as either a consonant or a shureq vowel). This conjunction וְ ("and") cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be connected to another word as a prefix. This can be added to a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), a [pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/02.md), or a [particle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/02.md). The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired with the definite article) or qamets (when paired with both the article and a ה prefix), but others are also possible. - -NOTE: This conjunction is often left untranslated when it begins a sentence or clause, or when it appears within the sequential verbal forms ([Sequential Suffix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_sequential_perfect/02.md) and [Sequential Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/02.md)). Also, the conjunction is often added between every item of a list in Biblical Hebrew; but in English the וְ is not translated for each item. - -### Form - -The conjunction וְ can appear either as a prefix to a word or particle, or as part of a sequential verbal form. - -* ZEC 3:3 –– as a prefix to a separate word - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְעֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י הַמַּלְאָֽךְ‬
**we'omed** lifne hammal'akh‬
**and-he-was-standing** to-face-of the-angel
**and he was standing** in front of the angel
- -* GEN 1:13 –– as part of a sequential verbal form - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב **וַֽיְהִי**־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שְׁלִישִֽׁי׃
**wayehi**-'erev **wayehi**voqer yom shelishi
**And-there-was**_evening, **and-there-was**_morning, day third.
**This was** evening and morning, the third day.
- -### Function -The conjunction וְ can express any of the following connective relationships: - -#### Copulative -This connects two similar ideas and is usually translated as "and" in English. - -* GEN 1:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם **וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ** קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה
wayyiqra 'elohim la'or yom **welahoshekh** qara laylah
And-he-called God to-the-light day **and-to-the-darkness** he-called night
He named the light "day," **and** he named **the darkness** "night."
- -#### Disjunctive -This connects two opposite ideas and is usually translated as "and" in English. - -* GEN 2:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּמֵעֵ֗ץ הַדַּ֙עַת֙ ט֣וֹב **וָרָ֔ע** לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ
ume'ets hadda'ath tov **wara'** lo thokhal mimmennu
But-from-tree-of the-knowledge-of good **and-evil** not you-shall-eat from-it
But from the tree of the knowledge of good **and evil** you may not eat
- -#### Adversative -This contrasts two different ideas and is usually translated as “but” in English. - -* GEN 6:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְנֹ֕חַ מָ֥צָא חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
**wenoah** matsa hen be'ene yehwah
**But-Noah** found favor in-eyes-of Yahweh.
**But Noah** found favor in the eyes of Yahweh.
- -#### Alternative -This compares two ideas as potentially equivalent and is usually translated as “or” in English. - -* EXO 20:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ **וּבִנְךָֽ֣־וּבִתֶּ֗ךָ** עַבְדְּךָ֤ **וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖** אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃
lo-tha'aseh khol-melakhah 'attah **uvinkha-wwvittekha** 'avdekha **wa'amathekha uvehemtekha wegerekha** 'asher bish'areykha
Not_you-shall-do any_work you **nor-your-son_nor-your-daughter** your-male-servant **nor-your-female-servant nor-your-cattle nor-foreigner** who in-your-gates.
On it you must not do any work, you, **or your son, or your daughter, or your male servant, or your female servant, or your cattle, or the foreigner** who is within your gates.
- -#### Explicative -This provides additional information about one idea and is translated “even” (or is sometimes left untranslated) in English. - -* GEN 4:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהֶ֨בֶל הֵבִ֥יא גַם־ה֛וּא מִבְּכֹר֥וֹת צֹאנ֖וֹ וּמֵֽחֶלְבֵהֶ֑ן
wehevel hevi gam-hu mibbekhoroth tsono **umehelvehen**
And-Abel brought also_he from-firstborn-of his-flock **even-from-fat**
As for Abel, he brought some of the firstborn of his flock **and some of the fat**
- -#### Circumstantial -This connects clauses/phrases that happen at the same time; it is usually translated as “while” or “when” in English. - -* GEN 45:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּפֹּ֛ל עַל־צַוְּארֵ֥י בִנְיָמִֽן־אָחִ֖יו וַיֵּ֑בְךְּ **וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן** בָּכָ֖ה עַל־צַוָּארָֽיו׃
wayyippol 'al-tsawwere vinyamin-'ahiw wayyevk **uvinyamin** bakhah 'al-tsawwarayw
And-he-fell on\_neck-of Benjamin\_his-brother and-he-wept **and-Benjamin** wept on\_his-neck.
He hugged his brother Benjamin's neck and wept, **while Benjamin** wept on his neck.
- - - -## ֹאו -The word אוֹ is the standard alternative conjunction in Biblical Hebrew, usually translated as "or" in English. - -* EXO 21:32 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִם־עֶ֛בֶד יִגַּ֥ח הַשּׁ֖וֹר **א֣וֹ** אָמָ֑ה׃
'im-'eved yiggah hashor **'o** 'amah
If_male-servant gores the-ox **or** female-servant
If a bull attacks and gores a male **or** female slave
- - -## כִּי -[NOTE: כִּי is one of the most flexible words in Biblical Hebrew in terms of its meaning. It can function either as a conjunction or as a particle, with many different potential meanings. If in doubt, it is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon to confirm how the word is being used in any specific instance.] - -The word כִּי is the standard causal conjunction in Biblical Hebrew, and is usually translated as "for" in English. However, it is also commonly used as a conditional conjunction (usually translated, "if"). Often, כִּי is conditional when it occurs at the beginning of a sentence and causal when it occurs in the middle (or toward the end) of a sentence, but there are notable exceptions to this general rule. - -### Causal - -This is the most common use of the word כִּי. However, sometimes it is extremely difficult to distinguish between a causal conjunction that expresses purpose and one that expresses result. When כִּי functions as a causal conjunction, it is often translated into English simply as "for", which can express either purpose or result. - -#### Expresses purpose -This means to express the purpose, reason, or cause for an action/event. In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as "for" or "because". - -* GEN 3:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ אֶֽל־הַנָּחָשׁ֮ **כִּ֣י** עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּאת֒ אָר֤וּר אַתָּה֙׃
wayyomer yehowah 'elohim 'el-hannahash **ki** 'asitha zoth 'arur 'attah
And-he-said Yahweh God to_the-serpent **because** you-have-done this cursed you
Then Yahweh God said to the snake, "**Because** you did this, I will curse you."
- -#### Expresses result -This means to express the result or intended outcome of an action/event. In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as "for" or “so that”. - -* GEN 20:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מָ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ **כִּ֥י** עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃
mah ra'itha **ki** 'asitha 'eth-haddavar hazzeh
What did-you-see **so-that** you-did [dir.obj]_the-thing the-this?
What prompted you **to** do this thing?
- -### Conditional - -This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Hebrew. This conjunction can describe either a hypothetical condition or an actual condition, as determined by the context. - -#### Expresses a hypothetical condition -A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has not actually happened in reality. This kind of conditional conjunction is usually translated as "if" in English. Hypothetical conditions have potential to convey many different nuances of possibility and/or desirability. - -* 2KI 4:29 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּֽי־תִמְצָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א תְבָרְכֶ֔נּוּ **וְכִֽי**־יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א תַעֲנֶנּ֑וּ
**ki**-thimtsa 'ish lo thevorkhennu **wekhi**-yevarekhkha 'ish lo tha'anennu
**If**_you-meet man not_greet-him **and-if**_greets-you man not answer-him.
**If** you meet any man, do not greet him, and **if** anyone greets you, do not answer him.
- -#### Expresses an actual condition -An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually happened in reality, and is usually translated as "when" or "while" in English. Usually, this kind of condition indicates something that is happening concurrently with the main action/event being described, or something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances. - -* GEN 27:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְהִי֙ **כִּֽי**־זָקֵ֣ן יִצְחָ֔ק וַתִּכְהֶ֥יןָ עֵינָ֖יו מֵרְאֹ֑ת
wayhiy **ki**-zaqen yitshaq wattikhheyna 'enayw mere'oth
And-it-happened **when**_old Isaac and-were-dim his-eyes from-seeing
**When** Isaac was old and his eyes were dim so that he could not see
- -### Other uses -The word כִּי can also express other conjunctive meanings, often as an adversative following a negated statement. If in doubt, it is recommended to always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of the word in any specific instance. - -* GEN 17:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתְּךָ֔ לֹא־תִקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמָ֖הּ שָׂרָ֑י **כִּ֥י** שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמָֽהּ׃
saray 'ishtekha lo-thiqra 'eth-shemah saray **ki** sarah shemah
Sarai your-wife not_call [dir.obj]_her-name Sarai **but** Sarah her-name.
As for Sarai your wife, do not call her Sarai any more. **Instead**, her name will be Sarah.
- -## אִם - -NOTE: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Hebrew is also extremely flexible in its meaning. If in doubt, it is recommended to always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of the word in any specific instance. - -### Conditional - -The word אִם is the standard conditional conjunction in Biblical Hebrew. It is most often used to describe a hypothetical condition and translated as "if" in English. However, this term can can be nuanced and translated in a variety of specific ways, and it can be joined with various other particles to form different compound conjunctions. Therefore, this word must be translated always with senstivity to the context to express the correct nuance. - -#### Expresses a hypothetical condition -A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has not actually happened in reality. This kind of conditional conjunction is usually translated as "if" in English. Hypothetical conditions have potential to convey many different nuances of possibility and/or desirability. - -* GEN 18:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִם־אֶמְצָ֥א בִסְדֹ֛ם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים צַדִּיקִ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר
**'im**-'emtsa visdom hamishim tsaddiqim bethokh ha'ir
**If**_I-find in-Sodom fifty righteous in-place the-city
**If** I find fifty people in Sodom who have done nothing wrong
- -* JER 15:1 –– hypothetical condition as affirmation of an actual condition - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִם־יַעֲמֹ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֤ה וּשְׁמוּאֵל֙ לְפָנַ֔י
**'im**-ya'amod mosheh ushemu'el lefanay
**Though**_stood Moses and-Samuel before-me
**Even if** Moses or Samuel were standing in front of me
- -#### Expresses an actual condition -An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually happened in reality, and is usually translated as "when" or "while" in English. Usually, this kind of condition indicates something that is happening concurrently with the main action/event being described, or something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances. - -* NUM 21:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָיָ֗ה **אִם**־נָשַׁ֤ךְ הַנָּחָשׁ֙ אֶת־אִ֔ישׁ וְהִבִּ֛יט אֶל־נְחַ֥שׁ הַנְּחֹ֖שֶׁת וָחָֽי׃
wehayah **'im**-nashakh hannahash 'eth-'ish wehibbit 'el-nehash hannehosheth wahay
And-it-happened **when**_he-had-bitten the-serpent [dir.obj]_man and-he-looked to_serpent-of the-bronze and-he-lived
**When** a snake bit any person, if he looked at the bronze snake, he survived.
- - -* GEN 31:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִם־כֹּ֣ה יֹאמַ֗ר נְקֻדִּים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׂכָרֶ֔ךָ וְיָלְד֥וּ כָל־הַצֹּ֖אן נְקֻדִּ֑ים
**'im**-koh yomar nequddim yihyeh sekharekha weyoldu khol-hatson nequddim
**When**_thus he-said speckled-ones it-will-be your-wages and-they-bore all_the-flock speckled-ones
**If** he said, 'The speckled animals will be your wages,' then all the flock bore speckled young.
- -### Alternative -This use of the conjunction אִם is often found in a question and is usually translated as "or" in English. - -* JOS 5:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה **אִם**־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃
halanu 'attah **'im**-letsarenu
Are-for-us you **or**_for-our-enemies?
Are you for us **or** for our enemies?
- -## וְעַתָּה - -The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Hebrew often functions as an adverb in a sentence. However, when עַתָּה appears at the beginning of a sentence or clause, it usually functions not as an adverb but as a conjunction, either standing alone or as a compound conjunction (when paired with the prefix וְ or with particles such as גַּם or כִּי). In either case, the term functions as a causal conjunction, indicating that what follows is based upon what has come before. This conjunction must be translated always with great sensitivity to the context to express the correct nuance; in English, this conjunction can be translated as "now", "so", "so now", "and now", "therefore", and others. A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the specific nuance of this term in individual contexts. - -* GEN 31:13 –– as a stand-alone conjunction - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַתָּ֗ה ק֥וּם צֵא֙ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את
**'attah** qum tse' min-ha'arets hazzoth
**Now** rise-up go-out from_the-land the-this
**Now** rise up and leave this land
- -* 1KI 8:26 –– with prefix וְ - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְעַתָּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יֵאָ֤מֶן נָא֙ דְּבָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֔רְתָּ לְעַבְדְּךָ֖ דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽי
**we'attah** 'elohe yisra'el ye'amen na' devareykha 'asher dibbarta le'avdekha dawid 'avi 
**And-now** God-of Israel let-it-be-true [exh.prtc] your-words that you-spoke to-your-servant David my-father
**Now then**, God of Israel, I pray that the promise you made to your servant David my father, will come true.
- -* GEN 44:10 –– in compound conjunction with גַּם - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר **גַּם־עַתָּ֥ה** כְדִבְרֵיכֶ֖ם כֶּן־ה֑וּא
wayyomer **gam-'attah** khedivrekhem ken-hu
And-he-said **also_now** as-your-words thus_it
**Now also** let it be according to your words.
- -* 1SA 13:13 –– in compound conjunction with כִּי - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֣י עַתָּ֗ה הֵכִ֨ין יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛
**ki 'attah** hekhin yehwah 'eth-mamelakhtekha
**For now** he-established Yahweh [dir.obj]_your-reign
**For then** Yahweh would have established your rule
- -## לֽוּ -This term is a conditional conjunction, similar to אִם but used only to express hypothetical conditions. The word can also appear in the alternate forms לוּא and לֻא. This conjunction either: 1) expresses a condition that cannot (or probably will not) happen, usually translated "if" in English; or 2) conveys a strong desire for something to happen that cannot (or probably will not) be realized, usually translated "if only" in English. - -* JDG 13:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לוּ֩ חָפֵ֨ץ יְהוָ֤ה לַהֲמִיתֵ֙נוּ֙
**lu** hafets yehwah lahamithenu
**If** he-wanted Yahweh to-kill-us
**If** Yahweh intended to kill us
- -* NUM 14:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לוּ֩־מַ֙תְנוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם
**lu**-mathnu be'erets mitsrayim
**If-only** we-had-died in-the-land-of Egypt
**We wish** we had died in the land of Egypt
- -## פֶּן -This term is also a conditional conjunction, and it expresses a certain kind of hypothetical condition. The word can be used in two different ways: either 1) in warnings to express a potential condition that will take place if the warning is not heeded, usually translated "lest" in English; or 2) to express the reason for a certain action to prevent a possible condition from taking place, usually translated as "so that...not" (or similar phrasing) in English. - -* GEN 3:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹ֥א תִגְּע֖וּ בּ֑וֹ **פֶּן**־תְּמֻתֽוּן׃
welo thigge'u bo **pen**-temuthun
and-not you-will-touch in-it **so-that-not**_you-will-die
nor may you touch it, **or** you will die.
- -* GEN 31:24 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִשָּׁ֧מֶר לְךָ֛ **פֶּן**־תְּדַבֵּ֥ר עִֽם־יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִטּ֥וֹב עַד־רָֽע
hishamer lekha **pen**-tedabber 'im-ya'aqov mittov 'ad-ra'
Be-guarded to-you **so-that-not**_you-speak with_Jacob from-good until_bad.
Be careful **that** you speak to Jacob **neither** good **nor** bad.
- -## Compound conjunctions - -### כִּי אִם - -This compound conjunction functions most often as a strong adversative or a strong concessive. In English, it is usually translated as "but", "but if", or "except". It is recommended to always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of any specific occurrence of this compound conjunction. - -* 2KI 23:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֛י אִם־אָכְל֥וּ מַצֹּ֖ות בְּתֹ֥וךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃
**ki 'im**-'okhlu matsowth bethowkh 'ahehem
**but if**_they-ate unleavened-bread in-midst-of their-brothers.
**but** they ate unleavened bread among their brothers.
- -### אַף כִּי - -Sometimes the words אַף and כִּי are paired together to form a compound conjunction that functions much like an [ַaffirmation particle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_affirmation/02.md), conveying a strong sense of affirmation or addition. This compound conjunction can appear with or without the prefix conjunction וְ ("and"). - -NOTE: Like other particles, the words אַף and כִּי sometimes appear together but do NOT form a compound conjunction; in such cases, each word retains its individual meaning, usually as an affirmation particle (אַף) and a conditional conjunction (כִּי). These instances must be determined from the context. If in doubt, consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of any specific occurrence. - -* GEN 3:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַ֚ף כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים
**'af ki**-'amar 'elohim
**indeed** he-has-said God
Has God **really** said
- -* EZK 23:40 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאַ֗ף כִּ֤י־אַחֲרֵ֥י מוֹתִֽי׃
**we'af ki**-'ahare mothi
**and-more** after my-death
**how much more** after my death?
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/conjunction/title.md b/content/conjunction/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5352386..0000000 --- a/content/conjunction/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Conjunction \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/front.rst b/content/front.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac27475 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/front.rst @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/front.rst + +.. _front: + +Unlocked Hebrew Grammar +======================= + +Introduction +------------ + +The Unlocked Hebrew Grammar (UHG) is a biblical Hebrew reference grammar +based on the `morphologycodes `__ +that appear in the `Open Scriptures HebrewBible `__. It enables the +global Church to gain the best possible understanding of the Hebrew +grammar of the Old Testament. + +Rationale +--------- + +The rationale behind creating the first version of the UHG was to +provide an openly licensed and up to date reference grammar for direct +use with the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible. Such a grammar may be used in +software to provide students and translators of Scripture with up to +date and accurate descriptions of Hebrew grammar on an as needed basis. +Because the articles are directly patterned after the morphological +categories of the OSHB, it is easy for software to link directly to +them. + +Methodology +----------- + +A team of scholars and technicians worked together to create and revise +each of the articles in the UHG over the course of a year and a half. +The creation process included individuals drafting glossary and article +entries for each grammatical topic and then a series of peer reviews of +each. Several meetings were held to help standardize the format of the +articles and to discuss difficult issues as they arose. + +The differentiation between the glossary entries and the articles is +similar to the approach of many Wikipedia articles. The glossary entry +is a one or two sentence summary of the grammatical topic, while the +article goes into much more detail and includes several examples. This +has the effect of being useful in a pop up or tooltip in software +applications, which may provide immediate access to the glossary in the +pop up and then link to the full article. + +A unique design goal was to make the language of the grammar as simple +as possible so that the resource can more easily be translated into the +`Gateway Languages `__ of the world. +This should also have the effect of rendering the grammar accessible to +people of varied educational backgrounds and varied proficiency in the +English language. + +The work was completed using an online content creation and translation +platform, the `Door43 Content Service `__. +Because of this, all the work is under revision control, you can go back +and see the `commithistory `__ +if you'd like (it totals over 2500 commits at the time of writing). + +Future +------ + +We plan to extend the UHG, in conjunction with the Unlocked Hebrew +Bible, to cover higher level syntactic and semantic information. Rather +than replacing the existing form-centric morphology of the OSHB, we +would add another parsing layer on top of it that focuses on the +function of the words and phrases. This will generate a new list of +categories that will need explanations in the UHG. Some examples of new +categories are discourse markers, specific uses of imperfect forms, +context sensitive gender identification and the like. + +A further extension may be to take the raw material from this work and +augment and format it to be useful as a teaching grammar. Again, the +idea here would be to provide a resource that could easily be translated +and adapted into other Gateway Languages. + +If either of these ideas intrigue you, let us know at +https://unfoldingword.org/contact/, we'd love to have your involvement! + +Contributors +------------ + +This resource was designed by the `unfoldingWordProject `__ and built by the `Door43 WorldMissions Community `__. At least the following +people were instrumental in the creation of the UHG: + +- Bram van den Heuvel (BA Theology, Utrecht University; MA Biblical + Studies, Utrecht University / University of Amsterdam; Ph.D. + Candidate Old Testament, Evangelische Theologische Faculteit) +- Chapel Presson (BA Pre-Seminary Studies/Bible, Central Bible College; + MDiv, Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary) +- Daniel Bowman (BA Ancient Languages, Cornerstone University; MDiv, + Grand Rapids Theological Seminary) +- Ethan Knapp +- Joel D. Ruark (M.A.Th. Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary; Th.M. + Stellenbosch University; Ph.D. Candidate in Old Testament Studies, + Stellenbosch University) +- Jesse Griffin (BA Biblical Studies, Liberty University; MA Biblical + Languages, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary) +- Kenny E. Hilliard III (BA Christian Studies, North Greenville + University; MDiv Christian Ministry: Biblical Languages, Southeastern + Baptist Theological Seminary; PHD Candidate Biblical Studies: Old + Testament, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary) +- Perry Oakes (BA Biblical Studies, Taylor University; MA Theology, + Fuller Seminary; MA Linguistics, University of Texas at Arlington; + PhD Old Testament, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) +- Stephen J. Andrews (BA Carson-Newman; M.Div. Eastern Baptist + Theological Seminary; Th.M. Southeastern Baptist Theological + Seminary; Ph.D. Hebrew Union College) diff --git a/content/front/intro.md b/content/front/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 417ade8..0000000 --- a/content/front/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -## Introduction - -The Unlocked Hebrew Grammar (UHG) is a biblical Hebrew reference grammar based on the [morphology codes](http://openscriptures.github.io/morphhb/parsing/HebrewMorphologyCodes.html) that appear in the [Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible](https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb). It enables the global Church to gain the best possible understanding of the Hebrew grammar of the Old Testament. - -## Rationale - -The rationale behind creating the first version of the UHG was to provide an openly licensed and up to date reference grammar for direct use with the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible. Such a grammar may be used in software to provide students and translators of Scripture with up to date and accurate descriptions of Hebrew grammar on an as needed basis. Because the articles are directly patterned after the morphological categories of the OSHB, it is easy for software to link directly to them. - -## Methodology - -A team of scholars and technicians worked together to create and revise each of the articles in the UHG over the course of a year and a half. The creation process included individuals drafting glossary and article entries for each grammatical topic and then a series of peer reviews of each. Several meetings were held to help standardize the format of the articles and to discuss difficult issues as they arose. - -The differentiation between the glossary entries and the articles is similar to the approach of many Wikipedia articles. The glossary entry is a one or two sentence summary of the grammatical topic, while the article goes into much more detail and includes several examples. This has the effect of being useful in a pop up or tooltip in software applications, which may provide immediate access to the glossary in the pop up and then link to the full article. - -A unique design goal was to make the language of the grammar as simple as possible so that the resource can more easily be translated into the [Gateway Languages](https://unfoldingword.org/gateway/) of the world. This should also have the effect of rendering the grammar accessible to people of varied educational backgrounds and varied proficiency in the English language. - -The work was completed using an online content creation and translation platform, the [Door43 Content Service](https://git.door43.org). Because of this, all the work is under revision control, you can go back and see the [commit history](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/commits/branch/master) if you'd like (it totals over 2500 commits at the time of writing). - -## Future - -We plan to extend the UHG, in conjunction with the Unlocked Hebrew Bible, to cover higher level syntactic and semantic information. Rather than replacing the existing form-centric morphology of the OSHB, we would add another parsing layer on top of it that focuses on the function of the words and phrases. This will generate a new list of categories that will need explanations in the UHG. Some examples of new categories are discourse markers, specific uses of imperfect forms, context sensitive gender identification and the like. - -A further extension may be to take the raw material from this work and augment and format it to be useful as a teaching grammar. Again, the idea here would be to provide a resource that could easily be translated and adapted into other Gateway Languages. - -If either of these ideas intrigue you, let us know at [https://unfoldingword.org/contact/](https://unfoldingword.org/contact/), we'd love to have your involvement! diff --git a/content/front/reference.md b/content/front/reference.md deleted file mode 100644 index 00148fb..0000000 --- a/content/front/reference.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -## Contributors - -This resource was designed by the [unfoldingWord Project](https://unfoldingword.org/) and built by the [Door43 World Missions Community](https://door43.org/). At least the following people were instrumental in the creation of the UHG: - -* Bram van den Heuvel (BA Theology, Utrecht University; MA Biblical Studies, Utrecht University / University of Amsterdam; Ph.D. Candidate Old Testament, Evangelische Theologische Faculteit) -* Chapel Presson (BA Pre-Seminary Studies/Bible, Central Bible College; MDiv, Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary) -* Daniel Bowman (BA Ancient Languages, Cornerstone University; MDiv, Grand Rapids Theological Seminary) -* Ethan Knapp -* Joel D. Ruark (M.A.Th. Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary; Th.M. Stellenbosch University; Ph.D. Candidate in Old Testament Studies, Stellenbosch University) -* Jesse Griffin (BA Biblical Studies, Liberty University; MA Biblical Languages, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary) -* Kenny E. Hilliard III (BA Christian Studies, North Greenville University; MDiv Christian Ministry: Biblical Languages, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary; PHD Candidate Biblical Studies: Old Testament, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary) -* Perry Oakes (BA Biblical Studies, Taylor University; MA Theology, Fuller Seminary; MA Linguistics, University of Texas at Arlington; PhD Old Testament, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) -* Stephen J. Andrews (BA Carson-Newman; M.Div. Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary; Th.M. Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary; Ph.D. Hebrew Union College) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/front/title.md b/content/front/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b1e096..0000000 --- a/content/front/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -# Unlocked Hebrew Grammar \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_both.rst b/content/gender_both.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fddc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/gender_both.rst @@ -0,0 +1,548 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_both.rst + +.. _gender_both: + +Gender Both +=========== + +Summary +------- + +A word is classified as "both gender" if it contains both a masculine +and a feminine form, or if a single form is grammatically-masculine in +some contexts and grammatically-feminine in other contexts. + +Article +------- + +Some words appear in both a +:ref:`gender_masculine` +and a +:ref:`gender_feminine` +form. Other words have only one form, but that single form can be either +grammatically-masculine or grammatically-feminine. These kinds of words +are classified as "gender both", and they are usually nouns or +adjectives. Sometimes the context can determine the gender of a +particular instance of a "gender both" noun (see examples below for +שֶׁמֶשׁ), but sometimes the context is inconclusive (see example below for +נֹגַהּ). + +Examples +-------- + +A single word with both masculine and feminine forms +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 1:3 –– the noun אוֹר (light) is masculine in form and takes + grammatically-masculine verbs (יְהִ֣י and וַֽיְהִי). + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י **אֹ֑ור** וַֽיְהִי־\ **אֹֽור**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer 'elohim yehi **'owr** wayehi-\ **'owr** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-said God there-will-be **light** and-there-was\_\ **light**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God said, "Let there be **light**," and there was **light**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EST 8:16 –– the noun אוֹרָה (light) is feminine in form and takes a + grammatically-feminine verb (הָֽיְתָ֥ה). + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לַיְּהוּדִ֕ים הָֽיְתָ֥ה אֹורָ֖ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + layyehudim hayethah **'owrah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + To-the-Jews there-was **light** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The Jews had **light** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +A single form that can be either masculine or feminine +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 15:17 –– the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) can be grammatically feminine + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְהִ֤י **הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙** בָּ֔אָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayhi **hashemesh** ba'ah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-happened **the-sun** it-went + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + When **the sun** had gone down + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 19:23 –– the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) can be grammatically masculine + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ יָצָ֣א עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hashemesh** yatsa 'al-ha'arets  + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **The-sun** it-went-out over\_the-earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **The sun** had risen upon the earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOL 4:15 –– the noun נֹגַהּ (brightness) could be either masculine or + feminine + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-stars they-withdraw their-\ **brightness** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the stars keep back their **brightness** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/gender_both/01.md b/content/gender_both/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 15096a5..0000000 --- a/content/gender_both/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A word is classified as "both gender" if it contains both a masculine and a feminine form, or if a single form is grammatically-masculine in some contexts and grammatically-feminine in other contexts. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_both/02.md b/content/gender_both/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index ccf348e..0000000 --- a/content/gender_both/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,93 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Some words appear in both a [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) and a [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) form. Other words have only one form, but that single form can be either grammatically-masculine or grammatically-feminine. These kinds of words are classified as "gender both", and they are usually nouns or adjectives. Sometimes the context can determine the gender of a particular instance of a "gender both" noun (see examples below for שֶׁמֶשׁ), but sometimes the context is inconclusive (see example below for נֹגַהּ). - -## Examples - -#### A single word with both masculine and feminine forms - -* GEN 1:3 –– the noun אוֹר (light) is masculine in form and takes grammatically-masculine verbs (יְהִ֣י and וַֽיְהִי). - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י **אֹ֑ור** וַֽיְהִי־**אֹֽור**׃
wayyomer 'elohim yehi **'owr** wayehi-**'owr**
And-he-said God there-will-be **light** and-there-was_**light**.
God said, "Let there be **light**," and there was **light**.
- -* EST 8:16 –– the noun אוֹרָה (light) is feminine in form and takes a grammatically-feminine verb (הָֽיְתָ֥ה). - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לַיְּהוּדִ֕ים הָֽיְתָ֥ה אֹורָ֖ה
layyehudim hayethah **'owrah**
To-the-Jews there-was **light**
The Jews had **light**
- -#### A single form that can be either masculine or feminine - -* GEN 15:17 –– the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) can be grammatically feminine - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְהִ֤י **הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙** בָּ֔אָה
wayhi **hashemesh** ba'ah
And-it-happened **the-sun** it-went
When **the sun** had gone down
- -* GEN 19:23 –– the noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (sun) can be grammatically masculine - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ יָצָ֣א עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ
**hashemesh** yatsa 'al-ha'arets 
**The-sun** it-went-out over_the-earth
**The sun** had risen upon the earth
- -* JOL 4:15 –– the noun נֹגַהּ (brightness) could be either masculine or feminine - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם
And-stars they-withdraw their-**brightness**
the stars keep back their **brightness**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_both/title.md b/content/gender_both/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3b229b3..0000000 --- a/content/gender_both/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Gender Both \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_common.rst b/content/gender_common.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80ea896 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/gender_common.rst @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_common.rst + +.. _gender_common: + +Gender Common +============= + +Summary +------- + +A word is classified as "common gender" if it can refer to either a +grammatically-masculine or a grammatically-feminine person/thing. + +Article +------- + +A word is parsed as "common" (in other systems sometimes "unmarked"), +when it has potential to refer to either a +:ref:`gender_masculine` +or a +:ref:`gender_feminine` +person or thing. Words classified as "common gender" are usually +pronouns or verbs. + +Examples +-------- + +- 1KI 18:22 - with a :ref:`pronoun_personal` + :ref:`person_fist` + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲנִ֞י נֹותַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ani** nowtharti navi layhwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** I-am-left prophet for-Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I, **I alone**, am left as a prophet of Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 2:5 - with a + :ref:`verb` + first person + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ **וְנֵלְכָ֖ה** בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + beth ya'aqov lekhu **wenelekhah** be'or yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + House-of Jacob come **and-let-us-walk** in-light-of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + House of Jacob, come, **and let us walk** in the light of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 28:7 - with the plural "near" form of the :ref:`pronoun_demonstrative` + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְגַם־\ **אֵ֨לֶּה֙** בַּיַּ֣יִן שָׁג֔וּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wegam-\ **'elleh** bayyayin shagu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-also\_\ **these** in-the-wine reel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But even **these** reel with wine + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/gender_common/01.md b/content/gender_common/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5494d3d..0000000 --- a/content/gender_common/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A word is classified as "common gender" if it can refer to either a grammatically-masculine or a grammatically-feminine person/thing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_common/02.md b/content/gender_common/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3ee8eb7..0000000 --- a/content/gender_common/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -## Article -A word is parsed as "common" (in other systems sometimes "unmarked"), when it has potential to refer to either a [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or a [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) person or thing. Words classified as "common gender" are usually pronouns or verbs. - -## Examples - -* 1KI 18:22 - with a [personal pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md) [first person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_fist/02.md) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲנִ֞י נֹותַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה
**'ani** nowtharti navi layhwah
**I** I-am-left prophet for-Yahweh
I, **I alone**, am left as a prophet of Yahweh
- -* ISA 2:5 - with a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) first person - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ **וְנֵלְכָ֖ה** בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה
beth ya'aqov lekhu **wenelekhah** be'or yehwah
House-of Jacob come **and-let-us-walk** in-light-of Yahweh.
House of Jacob, come, **and let us walk** in the light of Yahweh.
- -* ISA 28:7 - with the plural "near" form of the [demonstrative pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְגַם־**אֵ֨לֶּה֙** בַּיַּ֣יִן שָׁג֔וּ
wegam-**'elleh** bayyayin shagu
And-also_**these** in-the-wine reel
But even **these** reel with wine
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_common/title.md b/content/gender_common/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index e45be49..0000000 --- a/content/gender_common/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Gender Common \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_feminine.rst b/content/gender_feminine.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..013e314 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/gender_feminine.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1232 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_feminine.rst + +.. _gender_feminine: + +Gender Feminine +=============== + +Summary +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, all +:ref:`noun`, +finite +:ref:`adjective`, +`pronouns `__, +:ref:`suffix_pronominal`, +and some +`particles `__ +are grammatically marked for gender. This gender marking can be +:ref:`gender_feminine`, +:ref:`gender_common`, +or +:ref:`gender_both`. + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, every +:ref:`noun` +is classified according to gender, either +:ref:`gender_masculine` +or feminine or +:ref:`gender_both`. +Adjectives and other descriptors change endings when they refer to a +noun. This is because +:ref:`adjective` +agree with the gender of the noun they refer to. The gender of a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +agrees with its subject. All references to female persons in Biblical +Hebrew are grammatically masculine. However, other entities apart from +people can also be classified as grammatically-masculine. For example, +the `propernames `__ +of places are often feminine in Biblical Hebrew, as well as body parts +that exist as pairs (hand, foot, etc.). + +Form +---- + +Feminine +:ref:`number_singular``nouns <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md)>`__ +and +`adjectives <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md)>`__ +usually end in either ה or ת. Feminine +:ref:`number_dual` +nouns end in patach-yod-hireq-final mem, as in יָדַיִם (hands). Feminine +:ref:`number_plural` +nouns and adjectives usually end in וֹת, as in תּוֹרוֹת (laws). + +NOTE: Some feminine nouns do NOT take feminine endings, even some common +nouns such as אֵם (mother) and אֶרֶץ (earth). They appear to be +masculine nouns, but they are actually feminine nouns. A dictionary or +lexicon will indicate the proper gender for each word. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +Besides nouns, a feminine word can be recognized by a variety of changes +to the form. This paradigm shows a sample of the kinds of changes that +signal a feminine form. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +susah + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susat + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'at + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֵּנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִיא / הִוא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hi / hiw + +.. raw:: html + + + +she / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵן / הֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hen / hennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתָךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othakh + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְכֶֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'thekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתָהּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othah + +.. raw:: html + + + +her / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethhen / 'othan + +.. raw:: html + + + +them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָךְ / - ָךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakh / -akh + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָכֶן / -כֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakhen / -khen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהּ / - ָהּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lah / -ah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) her + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +lahen / -hen / -an + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) them + +.. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/gender_feminine/01.md b/content/gender_feminine/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f80fe58..0000000 --- a/content/gender_feminine/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Biblical Hebrew, all [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), finite [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), [pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/01.md), [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md), and some [particles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/01.md) are grammatically marked for gender. This gender marking can be [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md), [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md), [common](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_common/02.md), or [both](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_both/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_feminine/02.md b/content/gender_feminine/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d034ec7..0000000 --- a/content/gender_feminine/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Biblical Hebrew, every [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) is classified according to gender, either [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or feminine or [both](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_both/02.md). Adjectives and other descriptors change endings when they refer to a noun. This is because [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md) agree with the gender of the noun they refer to. The gender of a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) agrees with its subject. All references to female persons in Biblical Hebrew are grammatically masculine. However, other entities apart from people can also be classified as grammatically-masculine. For example, the [proper names](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/01.md) of places are often feminine in Biblical Hebrew, as well as body parts that exist as pairs (hand, foot, etc.). - -## Form - -Feminine [singular](https://via.hypothes.is/https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) [nouns]((https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md)) and [adjectives]((https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md)) usually end in either ה or ת. Feminine [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md) nouns end in patach-yod-hireq-final mem, as in יָדַיִם (hands). Feminine [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md) nouns and adjectives usually end in וֹת, as in תּוֹרוֹת (laws). - -NOTE: Some feminine nouns do NOT take feminine endings, even some common nouns such as אֵם (mother) and אֶרֶץ (earth). They appear to be masculine nouns, but they are actually feminine nouns. A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the proper gender for each word. - -### Paradigm -Besides nouns, a feminine word can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. This paradigm shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a feminine form. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Noun, feminine singular absoluteסוּסָהsusahmare
Noun, feminine singular constructסוּסַתsusatmare of
Noun, feminine plural absoluteסוּסוֹתsusothmares
Noun, feminine plural constructסוּסוֹתsusothmares of
Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine singularקָטַלְתְּqataltyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine pluralקְטַלְתֶּןqetaltenyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, third person feminine singularקָטְלָהqatlahshe killed
Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine singularתִּקְטְלִיtiqteliyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine pluralתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine singularתִּקְטֹלtiqtolshe will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine pluralתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahthey will kill
Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine singularאַתְּ'atyou
Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine pluralאַתֵּנָה'attenahyou
Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine singularהִיא / הִואhi / hiwshe / it
Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine pluralהֵן / הֵנָּהhen / hennahthey
Object pronoun, second person feminine singularאֹתָךְ'othakhyou
Object pronoun, second person feminine pluralאֹתְכֶֶן'thekhemyou
Object pronoun, third person feminine singularאֹתָהּ'othahher / it
Object pronoun, third person feminine pluralאֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן'ethhen / 'othanthem
Pronomial suffix, second person feminine singularלָךְ / - ָךְ lakh / -akh(to) you
Pronomial suffix, second person feminine pluralלָכֶן / -כֶןlakhen / -khen(to) you
Pronomial suffix, third person feminine singularלָהּ / - ָהּlah / -ah(to) her
Pronomial suffix, third person feminine pluralלָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָןlahen / -hen / -an(to) them
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_feminine/title.md b/content/gender_feminine/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 23bba42..0000000 --- a/content/gender_feminine/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Gender Feminine \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_masculine.rst b/content/gender_masculine.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc058a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/gender_masculine.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1230 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_masculine.rst + +.. _gender_masculine: + +Gender Masculine +================ + +Summary +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, all +:ref:`noun`, +finite +:ref:`adjective`, +`pronouns `__, +:ref:`suffix_pronominal`, +and some +`particles `__ +are grammatically marked for gender. This gender marking can be +:ref:`gender_feminine`, +:ref:`gender_common`, +or +:ref:`gender_both`. + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, every +:ref:`noun` +is classified according to gender, either masculine or +:ref:`gender_feminine` +or +:ref:`gender_both`. +Many other words change the way they look when they refer to that noun. +:ref:`adjective` +agree with the gender of the noun they refer to. The gender of a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +agrees with its subject. All references to male persons in Biblical +Hebrew are grammatically marked as masculine. However, other things +besides people can also be classified as grammatically-masculine. For +example, abstract ideas are often expressed with a masculine +:ref:`number_plural` +form. + +Form +---- + +Masculine +:ref:`number_singular``nouns <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md)>`__ +and +`adjectives <(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md)>`__ +have no special endings; they are the standard dictionary form. +Masculine +:ref:`number_dual` +nouns end in pataq-yod-hireq-final mem, as in צָהֳרַיִם (noon). +Masculine +:ref:`number_plural` +nouns and adjectives usually end in hireq-yod-final mem, as in אֲנָשִׁים +(men). + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +Besides nouns, a masculine word can be recognized by a variety of +changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and +are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a +sample of the kinds of changes that signal a masculine form. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +susim + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +suse + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוּא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hu + +.. raw:: html + + + +he / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵם / הֵמָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hem / hemmah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othekha + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְכֶֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתוֹ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'otho + +.. raw:: html + + + +him / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethhem / 'otham + +.. raw:: html + + + +them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לְךָ / - ְךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lekha / -ekha + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָכֶם / -כֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakhem / -khem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לוֹ / -וֹ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lo / -o + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) him + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +lahem / -hem / -am + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) them + +.. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/gender_masculine/01.md b/content/gender_masculine/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f80fe58..0000000 --- a/content/gender_masculine/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Biblical Hebrew, all [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), finite [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), [pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/01.md), [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md), and some [particles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/01.md) are grammatically marked for gender. This gender marking can be [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md), [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md), [common](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_common/02.md), or [both](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_both/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_masculine/02.md b/content/gender_masculine/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 93f59bb..0000000 --- a/content/gender_masculine/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Biblical Hebrew, every [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) is classified according to gender, either masculine or [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) or [both](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_both/02.md). Many other words change the way they look when they refer to that noun. [Adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md) agree with the gender of the noun they refer to. The gender of a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) agrees with its subject. All references to male persons in Biblical Hebrew are grammatically marked as masculine. However, other things besides people can also be classified as grammatically-masculine. For example, abstract ideas are often expressed with a masculine [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md) form. - -## Form -Masculine [singular](https://via.hypothes.is/https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) [nouns]((https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md)) and [adjectives]((https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md)) have no special endings; they are the standard dictionary form. Masculine [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md) nouns end in pataq-yod-hireq-final mem, as in צָהֳרַיִם (noon). Masculine [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md) nouns and adjectives usually end in hireq-yod-final mem, as in אֲנָשִׁים (men). - -### Paradigm -Besides nouns, a masculine word can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a masculine form. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Noun, masculine singular absoluteסוּסsusstallion
Noun, masculine singular constructסוּסsusstallion of
Noun, masculine plural absoluteסוּסִיםsusimstallions
Noun, masculine plural constructסוּסֵיsusestallions of
Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine singularקָטַלְתָּqataltayou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine pluralקְטַלְתֶּםqetaltemyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, third person masculine singularקָטַלqatalhe killed
Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine singularתִּקְטֹלtiqtolyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine pluralתִּקְטְלtiqteluyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine singularיִקְטֹלyiqtolhe will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine pluralיִקְטְלוּyiqteluthey will kill
Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine singularאַתָּה'attahyou
Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine pluralאַתֶּם'attemyou
Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine singularהוּאhuhe / it
Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine pluralהֵם / הֵמָּהhem / hemmahthey
Object pronoun, second person masculine singularאֹתְךָ'othekhayou
Object pronoun, second person masculine pluralאֹתְכֶֶם'othekhemyou
Object pronoun, third person masculine singularאֹתוֹ'othohim / it
Object pronoun, third person masculine pluralאֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם'ethhem / 'othamthem
Pronomial suffix, second person masculine singularלְךָ / - ְךָlekha / -ekha(to) you
Pronomial suffix, second person masculine pluralלָכֶם / -כֶםlakhem / -khem(to) you
Pronomial suffix, third person masculine singularלוֹ / -וֹlo / -o(to) him
Pronomial suffix, third person masculine pluralלָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָםlahem / -hem / -am(to) them
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/gender_masculine/title.md b/content/gender_masculine/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index dd7eabe..0000000 --- a/content/gender_masculine/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Gender Masculine \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/index.rst b/content/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce33528 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/index.rst + +unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar +============================ + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + front + adjective + adjective_cardinal_number + adjective_gentilic + adjective_ordinal_number + adverb + conjunction + gender_both + gender_common + gender_feminine + gender_masculine + infinitive_absolute + infinitive_construct + noun + noun_common + noun_gentilic + noun_proper_name + number_dual + number_plural + number_singular + particle + participle_active + participle_passive + particle_affirmation + particle_definite_article + particle_demonstrative + particle_direct_object_marker + particle_exhortation + particle_interjection + particle_interrogative + particle_negative + particle_relative + person_fist + person_second + person_third + preposition_definite_article + pronoun + pronoun_demonstrative + pronoun_indefinite + pronoun_interrogative + pronoun_personal + pronoun_relative + state_absolute + state_construct + state_determined + stem + stem_hiphil + stem_hishtaphel + stem_hithpael + stem_hithpalpel + stem_hithpoel + stem_hithpolel + stem_hophal + stem_hothpaal + stem_niphal + stem_nithpael + stem_palel + stem_pealal + stem_piel + stem_pilel + stem_pilpel + stem_poal + stem_poel + stem_polal + stem_polel + stem_polpal + stem_pual + stem_pulal + stem_qal_passive + stem_qal + stem_tiphil + suffix + suffix_directional_he + suffix_paragogic_he + suffix_paragogic_nun + suffix_pronominal + verb + verb_cohortative + verb_imperative + verb_imperfect + verb_jussive + verb_perfect + verb_sequential_imperfect + verb_sequential_perfect + word_order + back diff --git a/content/infinitive_absolute.rst b/content/infinitive_absolute.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a71bb2a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/infinitive_absolute.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1719 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/infinitive_absolute.rst + +.. _infinitive_absolute: + +Infinitive Absolute +=================== + +Summary +------- + +The infinitive absolute is an extremely flexible verbal form and can +function as an adverb, a verb, or a noun. Its most common use is to +express intensity or certainty of verbal action. + +Article +------- + +Of all the verbal conjugations in Biblical Hebrew, the infinitive +absolute is the simplest in form but the most complex in function, +demanding the most sensitivity to its context to determine its meaning. +The infinitive absolute is described as being in the :ref:`state_absolute` +because it always stands entirely on its own as an independent +grammatical entity. The form never occurs in any kind of construction +with a prefix or +:ref:`suffix`, +an attached preposition, or even another +:ref:`noun` +in a construct chain. The infinitive absolute generally has only one +form in each +:ref:`stem` +(Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.), and it does not conjugate according to +person, gender, or number like the :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +forms. Grammatically, the infinitive absolute can function as an +:ref:`adverb`, +a finite verb, or even as a noun. The context must be carefully +investigated to discern the precise meaning of an infinitive absolute in +each instance. + +Form +---- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטוֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatol + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Niphal + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטֹל / נִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatol / niqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hiphil + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hophal + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Piel + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּל / קַטֹּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattel / qattol + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pual + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטֹּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttol + +.. raw:: html + + + +be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hithpael + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The infinitive absolute can express the following range of meanings: + +Expresses intensity or certainty of verbal action +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In most cases, the infinitive absolute is paired with a finite verb of +the same root. When used in this way, the infinitive absolute functions +adverbially, either certifying or intensifying the action of the main +verb, depending on the context. Normally the infinitive absolute +precedes the main verb, except with +:ref:`verb_imperative` +and +:ref:`participle_active`; +in those cases, the infinitive absolute follows. + +- GEN 2:16 – Infinitive absolute expressing intensity of action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן **אָכֹ֥ל** תֹּאכֵֽל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mikkol 'ets-haggan **'akhol** tokhel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + from-every tree-of\_the-garden **eating** you-may-eat + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + From every tree in the garden you may **freely** eat. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 2:17 – Infinitive absolute expressing certainty of action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּי֛וֹם אֲכָלְךָ֥ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ **מ֥וֹת** תָּמֽוּת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + beyom 'akholkha mimmennu **moth** tamuth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in-day-of your-eating from-it **dying** you-will-die + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + on the day that you eat from it, you will **surely** die. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The infinitive absolute often substitutes for a finite verb. In these +cases, the infinitive absolute can carry an emotive sense and should be +treated with great sensitivity to the context for precise nuance of +meaning. The examples listed below are not comprehensive, but only +provide a sampling of potential options for the exact meaning. + +- JOB 40:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲ֭רֹב עִם־שַׁדַּ֣י יִסּ֑וֹר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + harov 'im-shadday **yissor** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + [quest.]-contend with\_Almighty **faultfinder** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Should anyone who wishes to criticize **try to correct** the + Almighty? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 41:43 – an infinitive absolute continuing the action of the + preceding verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְנָת֣וֹן אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wenathon** 'otho 'al kol-'erets mitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-placing** [dir.obj]-him over whole\_land-of Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Pharaoh **put** him over all the land of Egypt. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 20:8 – infinitive absolute functioning as an emphatic command + (either direct or indirect) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + זָכ֛וֹר אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **zakhor** 'eth-yom hashabbath + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Remember** [dir.obj]\_day the-Sabbath + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Remember** the Sabbath day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- HOS 10:4 – a pair of infinitive absolutes functioning ambiguously + (could be + :ref:`adverb` + or finite verbs) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + דִּבְּר֣וּ דְבָרִ֔ים **אָל֥וֹת** שָׁ֖וְא **כָּרֹ֣ת** בְּרִ֑ית + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + dibberu devarim **'aloth** shawe **karoth** berith + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + they-speak words **swearing** emptiness **cutting** covenant + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They speak empty words and **make** covenants by **swearing** + falsely. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Complements the action of the main verb +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +An infinitive absolute (or a pair of infinitive absolutes) can follow a +finite verb of a different root to describe complementary action. + +- GEN 30:32 – a single infinitive absolute functioning adverbially + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֶֽעֱבֹ֨ר בְּכָל־צֹֽאנְךָ֜ הַיּ֗וֹם **הָסֵ֨ר** מִשָּׁ֜ם כָּל־שֶׂ֣ה׀ + נָקֹ֣ד וְטָל֗וּא + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'e'evor bekhol-tsonekha hayyom **haser** misham kol-seh naqod wetalu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + let-me-pass though-all\_your-flock today **turning aside** from-there + every\_sheep speckled and-spotted + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Let me walk through all your flock today, **removing** from it every + speckled and spotted sheep + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 3:12 – a pair of infinitive absolutes functioning adverbially + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ אָקִ֣ים ... הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + bayyom hahu' 'aqim ... **hahel wekhalleh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in-the-day the-that I-will-carry-out ... **beginning and-ending**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + On that day I will carry out ... **from beginning to end**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses progression or continuance of verbal action (הלךְ) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The infinitive absolute (and sometimes the +:ref:`participle_active`) +of the specific root הלךְ can be used to express a sense of progression +or continuance of the action of a main verb. + +- Gen 8:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ הַמַּ֛יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָ֖רֶץ הָל֣וֹךְ וָשׁ֑וֹב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyashuvu hammayim me'al ha'arets **halokh washov** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-they-returned the-waters from-over the-earth **going + and-returning** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The flood waters receded from off the earth **continually**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 18:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְקָרֵֽב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyelekh **halokh weqarev** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-walked **going and-approaching** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The runner came **closer and neared** the city. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 14:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyelekh **halokh we'akhol** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-walked **going and-eating** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He ... went on, **eating as he went** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This is an extremely rare use of the infinitive absolute. \* ISA 22:13 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +וְהִנֵּ֣ה׀ שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה **הָרֹ֤ג**\ ׀ בָּקָר֙ **וְשָׁחֹ֣ט** +צֹ֔אן **אָכֹ֥ל** בָּשָׂ֖ר **וְשָׁת֣וֹת** יָ֑יִן + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +wehinneh sason wesimhah **harog** baqar **weshahot** tson **'akhol** +basar **weshathoth** yayin + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +and-behold joy and-gladness **killing** flesh **and-slaughtering** sheep +**eating** flesh **and-drinking** wine + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +But look, instead, celebration and gladness, **killing** cattle **and +slaughtering** sheep, **eating** meat **and drinking** wine + +.. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/infinitive_absolute/01.md b/content/infinitive_absolute/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index de5c1d8..0000000 --- a/content/infinitive_absolute/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The infinitive absolute is an extremely flexible verbal form and can function as an adverb, a verb, or a noun. Its most common use is to express intensity or certainty of verbal action. diff --git a/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md b/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b8b78c..0000000 --- a/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,245 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Of all the verbal conjugations in Biblical Hebrew, the infinitive absolute is the simplest in form but the most complex in function, demanding the most sensitivity to its context to determine its meaning. The infinitive absolute is described as being in the [absolute state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md) because it always stands entirely on its own as an independent grammatical entity. The form never occurs in any kind of construction with a prefix or [suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix/02.md), an attached preposition, or even another [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) in a construct chain. The infinitive absolute generally has only one form in each [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) (Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.), and it does not conjugate according to person, gender, or number like the [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) forms. Grammatically, the infinitive absolute can function as an [adverb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md), a finite verb, or even as a noun. The context must be carefully investigated to discern the precise meaning of an infinitive absolute in each instance. - -## Form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qalקָטוֹלqatolkill
Niphalהִקָּטֹל / נִקְטֹלhiqqatol / niqtolbe killed
Hiphilהַקְטֵלhaqtelcause to kill
Hophalהָקְטֵלhoqtelcausing to be killed
Pielקַטֵּל / קַטֹּלqattel / qattolslaughter
Pualקֻטֹּלquttolbe slaughtered
Hithpaelהִתְקַטֵּלhitqattelkill oneself
- -## Function -The infinitive absolute can express the following range of meanings: - -#### Expresses intensity or certainty of verbal action -In most cases, the infinitive absolute is paired with a finite verb of the same root. When used in this way, the infinitive absolute functions adverbially, either certifying or intensifying the action of the main verb, depending on the context. Normally the infinitive absolute precedes the main verb, except with [imperatives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md) and [participles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md); in those cases, the infinitive absolute follows. - -* GEN 2:16 – Infinitive absolute expressing intensity of action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן **אָכֹ֥ל** תֹּאכֵֽל
mikkol 'ets-haggan **'akhol** tokhel
from-every tree-of_the-garden **eating** you-may-eat
From every tree in the garden you may **freely** eat.
- -* GEN 2:17 – Infinitive absolute expressing certainty of action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּי֛וֹם אֲכָלְךָ֥ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ **מ֥וֹת** תָּמֽוּת
beyom 'akholkha mimmennu **moth** tamuth
in-day-of your-eating from-it **dying** you-will-die
on the day that you eat from it, you will **surely** die.
- -#### Functions as a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) -The infinitive absolute often substitutes for a finite verb. In these cases, the infinitive absolute can carry an emotive sense and should be treated with great sensitivity to the context for precise nuance of meaning. The examples listed below are not comprehensive, but only provide a sampling of potential options for the exact meaning. - -* JOB 40:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲ֭רֹב עִם־שַׁדַּ֣י יִסּ֑וֹר
harov 'im-shadday **yissor**
[quest.]-contend with_Almighty **faultfinder**
Should anyone who wishes to criticize **try to correct** the Almighty?
- -* GEN 41:43 – an infinitive absolute continuing the action of the preceding verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְנָת֣וֹן אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
**wenathon** 'otho 'al kol-'erets mitsrayim
**and-placing** [dir.obj]-him over whole_land-of Egypt
Pharaoh **put** him over all the land of Egypt.
- -* EXO 20:8 – infinitive absolute functioning as an emphatic command (either direct or indirect) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
זָכ֛וֹר אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת
**zakhor** 'eth-yom hashabbath
**Remember** [dir.obj]_day the-Sabbath
**Remember** the Sabbath day
- -* HOS 10:4 – a pair of infinitive absolutes functioning ambiguously (could be [adverbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md) or finite verbs) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
דִּבְּר֣וּ דְבָרִ֔ים **אָל֥וֹת** שָׁ֖וְא **כָּרֹ֣ת** בְּרִ֑ית
dibberu devarim **'aloth** shawe **karoth** berith
they-speak words **swearing** emptiness **cutting** covenant
They speak empty words and **make** covenants by **swearing** falsely.
- -#### Complements the action of the main verb -An infinitive absolute (or a pair of infinitive absolutes) can follow a finite verb of a different root to describe complementary action. - -* GEN 30:32 – a single infinitive absolute functioning adverbially - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֶֽעֱבֹ֨ר בְּכָל־צֹֽאנְךָ֜ הַיּ֗וֹם **הָסֵ֨ר** מִשָּׁ֜ם כָּל־שֶׂ֣ה׀ נָקֹ֣ד וְטָל֗וּא
'e'evor bekhol-tsonekha hayyom **haser** misham kol-seh naqod wetalu
let-me-pass though-all_your-flock today **turning aside** from-there every_sheep speckled and-spotted
Let me walk through all your flock today, **removing** from it every speckled and spotted sheep
- -* 1SA 3:12 – a pair of infinitive absolutes functioning adverbially - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ אָקִ֣ים ... הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה
bayyom hahu' 'aqim ... **hahel wekhalleh**
in-the-day the-that I-will-carry-out ... **beginning and-ending**.
On that day I will carry out ... **from beginning to end**.
- -#### Expresses progression or continuance of verbal action (הלךְ) -The infinitive absolute (and sometimes the [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md)) of the specific root הלךְ can be used to express a sense of progression or continuance of the action of a main verb. - -* Gen 8:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ הַמַּ֛יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָ֖רֶץ הָל֣וֹךְ וָשׁ֑וֹב
wayyashuvu hammayim me'al ha'arets **halokh washov**
and-they-returned the-waters from-over the-earth **going and-returning**
The flood waters receded from off the earth **continually**.
- -* 2SA 18:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְקָרֵֽב
wayyelekh **halokh weqarev**
and-he-walked **going and-approaching**
The runner came **closer and neared** the city.
- -* JDG 14:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל
wayyelekh **halokh we'akhol**
And-he-walked **going and-eating**
He ... went on, **eating as he went**
- -#### Functions as a [verbal noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns) -This is an extremely rare use of the infinitive absolute. -* ISA 22:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִנֵּ֣ה׀ שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה **הָרֹ֤ג**׀ בָּקָר֙ **וְשָׁחֹ֣ט** צֹ֔אן **אָכֹ֥ל** בָּשָׂ֖ר **וְשָׁת֣וֹת** יָ֑יִן
wehinneh sason wesimhah **harog** baqar **weshahot** tson **'akhol** basar **weshathoth** yayin
and-behold joy and-gladness **killing** flesh **and-slaughtering** sheep **eating** flesh **and-drinking** wine
But look, instead, celebration and gladness, **killing** cattle **and slaughtering** sheep, **eating** meat **and drinking** wine
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/infinitive_absolute/title.md b/content/infinitive_absolute/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index b7864f0..0000000 --- a/content/infinitive_absolute/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Infinitive Absolute \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/infinitive_construct.rst b/content/infinitive_construct.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf29897 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/infinitive_construct.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1803 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/infinitive_construct.rst + +.. _infinitive_construct: + +Infinitive Construct +==================== + +Summary +------- + +The infinitive construct modifies a finite verb, usually providing extra +information regarding the purpose, result, or temporal frame of the +verbal action of the main verb. In rare cases, the infinitive construct +functions independently as a verbal noun. + +Article +------- + +The infinitive construct generally functions as a verbal complement to a +:ref:`verb-finite-verbs`, +but in rare cases it also functions independently as a :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns`. +The infinitive construct is described as being in the construct state +because it can occur in various constructions with prepositions, +:ref:`suffix`, +and other +:ref:`noun` +in a construct chain. The infinitive construct generally has only one +form in each +:ref:`stem` +(Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.), and it does not conjugate according to +person, gender, or number as do the finite verb forms. + +Form +---- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetol + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Niphal + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hiphil + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hophal + +.. raw:: html + + + +Not found + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Piel + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pual + +.. raw:: html + + + +Not found + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hithpael + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The infinitive construct can carry the following range of meanings: + +Expresses purpose, result, or complementary action of a main verb (with preposition לְ) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This is by far the most common use of the infinitive construct, as a +standard grammatical infinitive. NOTE: The infinitive construct can also +be used with other prepositions to complement the main verb (such as the +preposition עַל in the example below). + +- GEN 11:5 – expressing purpose for the action of the main verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֵּ֣רֶד יְהוָ֔ה **לִרְאֹ֥ת** אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyered yehwah **lir'oth** 'eth-ha'ir we'eth-hammigdal + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-came-down Yahweh **to-see** [dir.obj]\_the-city + and-[dir.obj]\_the-tower + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So Yahweh came down **to see** the city and the tower + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 3:4 – expressing result of the action of the main verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י סָ֣ר לִרְא֑וֹת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyar yehwah ki sar **lir'oth** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-saw Yahweh that he-had-turned-aside **to-see** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + When Yahweh saw that he had turned aside **to look** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 3:8 – expressing complementary action of the main verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וָאֵרֵ֞ד **לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ**\ ׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם **וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮** + מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'ered **lehatsilo** miyyad mitsrayim **uleha'alotho** min-ha'arets + hahiw' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-I-have-come-down **to-deliver-them** from-hand-of Egypt + **and-to-bring-them-up** from-the-land the-that + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I have come down **to free them** from the Egyptians' power and **to + bring them up** from that land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 14:33 – also expressing complementary action, but with a more + nuanced meaning + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִנֵּ֥ה הָעָ֛ם חֹטִ֥אים לַֽיהוָ֖ה **לֶאֱכֹ֣ל** עַל־הַדָּ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hinneh ha'am hotiym layhwah **le'ekhol** 'al-haddam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + behold the-people are-sinning to-Yahweh **to-eat** on\_the-blood + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Look, the people are sinning against Yahweh **by eating** with the + blood. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- AMO 1:11 – with preposition עַל to express purpose for the action of + the main verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־\ **רָדְפ֨וֹ** בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lo 'ashivennu 'al-**rodfo** vaherev 'ahiw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + not I-will-revoke-it on\_\ **his-pursuing** with-the-sword + his-brother + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I will not turn away punishment, because **he pursued** his brother + with the sword + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Provides temporal reference for the action of the main verb (with various prepositions) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The infinitive construct can be used with other prepositions (besides +those included below) to provide temporal reference. In those cases, the +context and the meaning of the preposition generally make clear the +specific temporal nuance being indicated. + +- 1SA 2:27 – with preposition בְּ to express simultaneous action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲנִגְלֹ֤ה נִגְלֵ֙יתִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ **בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֥ם** + בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hanigloh niglethiy 'el-beth 'avikha **biheyotham** bemitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + [quest.]-indeed I-revealed-myself to\_house-of your-father + **while-they-were** in-Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, **when they + were** in Egypt? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 12:14 – with preposition כְּ to express commencing action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְהִ֕י **כְּב֥וֹא** אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayhi **kevo** 'avram mitsraymah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-it-happened **as-coming** Abram to-Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + It came about that **when** Abram **entered** into Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 6:18 – with preposition עַד to express durative action (until a + specified time of ending) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אָנֹכִ֥י אֵשֵׁ֖ב עַ֥ד שׁוּבֶֽךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomar 'anokhi 'eshev 'ad **shuvekha** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-said myself I-will-remain until **you-return** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh said, "I will wait until **you return**" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The infinitive construct sometimes functions as an independent +:ref:`noun` +or introduces an entire clause that functions as a noun. + +- 1SA 15:22 – functioning as a noun + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ מִזֶּ֣בַח ט֔וֹב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shemo'a** mizzevah tov + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **obeying** from-sacrifice good + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Obedience** is better than sacrifice + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 2:17 – introducing a clause functioning as a noun + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם **אֲכָלְךָ֥** מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki beyom **'akholkha** mimmennu moth tamuth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for in-day-of **your-eating** from-it dying you-will-die + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for on the day that **you eat** from it, you will surely die + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Introduces direct speech (אמר + לְ) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 1:22 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayvarekh 'otham 'elohim **lemor** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-blessed [dir.obj]-them God **to-say** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God blessed them, **saying** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Regarding a :ref:`suffix_pronominal` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +When the infinitive construct takes a pronominal suffix, that suffix can +be either the subject or the object of the infinitive itself (not the +main verb), as determined by the context. + +- JER 2:17 – infinitive construct with suffix as *subject* of the + action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲלוֹא־זֹ֖את תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ **עָזְבֵךְ֙** אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + halo-zoth ta'aseh-llakh **'ozvekh** 'eth-yehwah 'elohayikh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + [quest.]-not\_this you-have-done\_to-yourself **your-forsaking** + [dir.obj]\_Yahweh your-God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Did you not do this to yourselves when **you abandoned** Yahweh your + God? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- RUT 1:16 – infinitive construct with suffix as *object* of the action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattomer ruth 'al-tifge'i-vi **le'ozvekh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-she-said Ruth not\_you-press\_on-me **to-forsake-you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But Ruth said, "Do not make me **go away from you** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/infinitive_construct/01.md b/content/infinitive_construct/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f01fb0e..0000000 --- a/content/infinitive_construct/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The infinitive construct modifies a finite verb, usually providing extra information regarding the purpose, result, or temporal frame of the verbal action of the main verb. In rare cases, the infinitive construct functions independently as a verbal noun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/infinitive_construct/02.md b/content/infinitive_construct/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 06ec7aa..0000000 --- a/content/infinitive_construct/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,262 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The infinitive construct generally functions as a verbal complement to a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs), but in rare cases it also functions independently as a [verbal noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns). The infinitive construct is described as being in the construct state because it can occur in various constructions with prepositions, [suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix/02.md), and other [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) in a construct chain. The infinitive construct generally has only one form in each [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) (Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.), and it does not conjugate according to person, gender, or number as do the finite verb forms. - -## Form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qalקְטֹלqetolkill
Niphalהִקָּטֵלhiqqatelbe killed
Hiphilהַקְטִילhaqtilcause to kill
HophalNot found
Pielקַטֵּלqattelslaughter
PualNot found
Hithpaelהִתְקַטֵּלhitqattelkill oneself
- -## Function -The infinitive construct can carry the following range of meanings: - -### Expresses purpose, result, or complementary action of a main verb (with preposition לְ) -This is by far the most common use of the infinitive construct, as a standard grammatical infinitive. NOTE: The infinitive construct can also be used with other prepositions to complement the main verb (such as the preposition עַל in the example below). - -* GEN 11:5 – expressing purpose for the action of the main verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֵּ֣רֶד יְהוָ֔ה **לִרְאֹ֥ת** אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל
wayyered yehwah **lir'oth** 'eth-ha'ir we'eth-hammigdal
and-he-came-down Yahweh **to-see** [dir.obj]_the-city and-[dir.obj]_the-tower
So Yahweh came down **to see** the city and the tower
- -* EXO 3:4 – expressing result of the action of the main verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י סָ֣ר לִרְא֑וֹת
wayyar yehwah ki sar **lir'oth**
and-he-saw Yahweh that he-had-turned-aside **to-see**
When Yahweh saw that he had turned aside **to look**
- -* EXO 3:8 – expressing complementary action of the main verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וָאֵרֵ֞ד **לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ**׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם **וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮** מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒
wa'ered **lehatsilo** miyyad mitsrayim **uleha'alotho** min-ha'arets hahiw'
and-I-have-come-down **to-deliver-them** from-hand-of Egypt **and-to-bring-them-up** from-the-land the-that
I have come down **to free them** from the Egyptians' power and **to bring them up** from that land
- -* 1SA 14:33 – also expressing complementary action, but with a more nuanced meaning - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִנֵּ֥ה הָעָ֛ם חֹטִ֥אים לַֽיהוָ֖ה **לֶאֱכֹ֣ל** עַל־הַדָּ֑ם
hinneh ha'am hotiym layhwah **le'ekhol** 'al-haddam
behold the-people are-sinning to-Yahweh **to-eat** on_the-blood
Look, the people are sinning against Yahweh **by eating** with the blood.
- -* AMO 1:11 – with preposition עַל to express purpose for the action of the main verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־**רָדְפ֨וֹ** בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙
lo 'ashivennu 'al-**rodfo** vaherev 'ahiw
not I-will-revoke-it on_**his-pursuing** with-the-sword his-brother
I will not turn away punishment, because **he pursued** his brother with the sword
- -### Provides temporal reference for the action of the main verb (with various prepositions) -The infinitive construct can be used with other prepositions (besides those included below) to provide temporal reference. In those cases, the context and the meaning of the preposition generally make clear the specific temporal nuance being indicated. - -* 1SA 2:27 – with preposition בְּ to express simultaneous action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲנִגְלֹ֤ה נִגְלֵ֙יתִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ **בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֥ם** בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם
hanigloh niglethiy 'el-beth 'avikha **biheyotham** bemitsrayim
[quest.]-indeed I-revealed-myself to_house-of your-father **while-they-were** in-Egypt
Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, **when they were** in Egypt?
- -* GEN 12:14 – with preposition כְּ to express commencing action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְהִ֕י **כְּב֥וֹא** אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה
wayhi **kevo** 'avram mitsraymah
and-it-happened **as-coming** Abram to-Egypt
It came about that **when** Abram **entered** into Egypt
- -* JDG 6:18 – with preposition עַד to express durative action (until a specified time of ending) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אָנֹכִ֥י אֵשֵׁ֖ב עַ֥ד שׁוּבֶֽךָ
wayyomar 'anokhi 'eshev 'ad **shuvekha**
and-he-said myself I-will-remain until **you-return**
Yahweh said, "I will wait until **you return**"
- -### Functions as a [verbal noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns) -The infinitive construct sometimes functions as an independent [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) or introduces an entire clause that functions as a noun. - -* 1SA 15:22 – functioning as a noun - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ מִזֶּ֣בַח ט֔וֹב
**shemo'a** mizzevah tov
**obeying** from-sacrifice good
**Obedience** is better than sacrifice
- -* GEN 2:17 – introducing a clause functioning as a noun - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם **אֲכָלְךָ֥** מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת
ki beyom **'akholkha** mimmennu moth tamuth
for in-day-of **your-eating** from-it dying you-will-die
for on the day that **you eat** from it, you will surely die
- -### Introduces direct speech (אמר + לְ) - -* GEN 1:22 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר
wayvarekh 'otham 'elohim **lemor**
and-he-blessed [dir.obj]-them God **to-say**
God blessed them, **saying**
- -### Regarding a [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) -When the infinitive construct takes a pronominal suffix, that suffix can be either the subject or the object of the infinitive itself (not the main verb), as determined by the context. - -* JER 2:17 – infinitive construct with suffix as *subject* of the action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲלוֹא־זֹ֖את תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ **עָזְבֵךְ֙** אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ
halo-zoth ta'aseh-llakh **'ozvekh** 'eth-yehwah 'elohayikh
[quest.]-not_this you-have-done_to-yourself **your-forsaking** [dir.obj]_Yahweh your-God
Did you not do this to yourselves when **you abandoned** Yahweh your God?
- -* RUT 1:16 – infinitive construct with suffix as *object* of the action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ
wattomer ruth 'al-tifge'i-vi **le'ozvekh**
and-she-said Ruth not\_you-press\_on-me **to-forsake-you**
But Ruth said, "Do not make me **go away from you**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/infinitive_construct/title.md b/content/infinitive_construct/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index fd432f2..0000000 --- a/content/infinitive_construct/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Infinitive Construct \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/make.bat b/content/make.bat new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0ef20f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/make.bat @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ +@ECHO OFF + +REM Command file for Sphinx documentation + +if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" ( + set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build +) +set BUILDDIR=_build +set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% . +set I18NSPHINXOPTS=%SPHINXOPTS% . +if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" ( + set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS% + set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS% +) + +if "%1" == "" goto help + +if "%1" == "help" ( + :help + echo.Please use `make ^` where ^ is one of + echo. html to make standalone HTML files + echo. dirhtml to make HTML files named index.html in directories + echo. singlehtml to make a single large HTML file + echo. pickle to make pickle files + echo. json to make JSON files + echo. htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project + echo. qthelp to make HTML files and a qthelp project + echo. devhelp to make HTML files and a Devhelp project + echo. epub to make an epub + echo. epub3 to make an epub3 + echo. latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter + echo. text to make text files + echo. man to make manual pages + echo. texinfo to make Texinfo files + echo. gettext to make PO message catalogs + echo. changes to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items + echo. xml to make Docutils-native XML files + echo. pseudoxml to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes + echo. linkcheck to check all external links for integrity + echo. doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled + echo. coverage to run coverage check of the documentation if enabled + echo. dummy to check syntax errors of document sources + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "clean" ( + for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i + del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\* + goto end +) + + +REM Check if sphinx-build is available and fallback to Python version if any +%SPHINXBUILD% 1>NUL 2>NUL +if errorlevel 9009 goto sphinx_python +goto sphinx_ok + +:sphinx_python + +set SPHINXBUILD=python -m sphinx.__init__ +%SPHINXBUILD% 2> nul +if errorlevel 9009 ( + echo. + echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx + echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point + echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you + echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH. + echo. + echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from + echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/ + exit /b 1 +) + +:sphinx_ok + + +if "%1" == "html" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "dirhtml" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "singlehtml" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "pickle" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "json" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "htmlhelp" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^ +.hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "qthelp" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^ +.qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this: + echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\ResourceContainer.qhcp + echo.To view the help file: + echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\ResourceContainer.ghc + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "devhelp" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "epub" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "epub3" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b epub3 %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub3 + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The epub3 file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub3. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "latex" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "latexpdf" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex + cd %BUILDDIR%/latex + make all-pdf + cd %~dp0 + echo. + echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "latexpdfja" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex + cd %BUILDDIR%/latex + make all-pdf-ja + cd %~dp0 + echo. + echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "text" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "man" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "texinfo" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "gettext" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "changes" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "linkcheck" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^ +or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "doctest" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^ +results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "coverage" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b coverage %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/coverage + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the ^ +results in %BUILDDIR%/coverage/python.txt. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "xml" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b xml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/xml + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/xml. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "pseudoxml" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b pseudoxml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml. + goto end +) + +if "%1" == "dummy" ( + %SPHINXBUILD% -b dummy %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dummy + if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1 + echo. + echo.Build finished. Dummy builder generates no files. + goto end +) + +:end diff --git a/content/noun.rst b/content/noun.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f2b087 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/noun.rst @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/noun.rst + +.. _noun: + +Noun +==== + +Summary +------- + +A noun is a person, a thing, a place, or an idea. + +Article +------- + +Every noun also has a number, which can be +:ref:`number_plural`, +or +:ref:`number_dual`. +It also has a state, which can be +:ref:`state_construct` +or +:ref:`state_absolute`. +The dictionary form is singular absolute. Nouns can also have a variety +of prefixes and +:ref:`suffix` +that give extra information. + +The form of the noun often, but not always, indicates its gender, which +can be +:ref:`gender_masculine` +or +:ref:`gender_feminine`. + +Sometimes an +:ref:`adjective-substantive` +or a +:ref:`verb-verbal-nouns` +can function like a noun. + +In Hebrew, nouns do not change their form based on the function (or +case) they have in a sentence (subject/nominative, direct +object/accusative, etc.). They only change if they are in :ref:`state_construct`. diff --git a/content/noun/01.md b/content/noun/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index b13b4df..0000000 --- a/content/noun/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A noun is a person, a thing, a place, or an idea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun/02.md b/content/noun/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4a18feb..0000000 --- a/content/noun/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -Every noun also has a number, which can be [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md), [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md), or [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md). It also has a state, which can be [construct](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md) or [absolute](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md). The dictionary form is singular absolute. Nouns can also have a variety of prefixes and [suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix/02.md) that give extra information. - -The form of the noun often, but not always, indicates its gender, which can be [masculine ](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md). - -Sometimes an [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md#substantive) or a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns) can function like a noun. - -In Hebrew, nouns do not change their form based on the function (or case) they have in a sentence (subject/nominative, direct object/accusative, etc.). They only change if they are in [construct state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun/title.md b/content/noun/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 36ff810..0000000 --- a/content/noun/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Noun \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun_common.rst b/content/noun_common.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f9662c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/noun_common.rst @@ -0,0 +1,596 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/noun_common.rst + +.. _noun_common: + +Noun Common +=========== + +Summary +------- + +Common nouns are nouns that are not proper names (i.e. names of people +or places). + +Article +------- + +A common noun is any noun that is not a :ref:`noun_proper_name`. + +Form +---- + +Every noun is either +:ref:`gender_masculine` +or +:ref:`gender_feminine` +by its nature, often the form of a word is a strong indicator which +gender it is. All nouns are either +:ref:`number_singular` +or +:ref:`number_plural`, +or in some cases +:ref:`number_dual`; +and they appear either in the :ref:`state_absolute` +or the :ref:`state_construct`. + +.. _noun_common-paradigm: + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +susah + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular contruct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susat + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +susim + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +suse + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural contruct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +אִ֖ישׁ "man" is a common noun, but מֹשֶׁ֗ה "Moses" is not because it is +a name. + +- NUM 12:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָאִ֥ישׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה ענו מְאֹ֑ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weha'ish mosheh 'nw me'od + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-the-man Moses humble very + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The truth was that Moses was a very humble person + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +In Hebrew, nouns do not change their form based on the function (or +case) they have in a sentence (subject/nominative, direct +object/accusative, etc.). They only change if they are in construct +state. diff --git a/content/noun_common/01.md b/content/noun_common/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f8180cd..0000000 --- a/content/noun_common/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Common nouns are nouns that are not proper names (i.e. names of people or places). diff --git a/content/noun_common/02.md b/content/noun_common/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb8684d..0000000 --- a/content/noun_common/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -## Article -A common noun is any noun that is not a [proper noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/02.md). - -## Form -Every noun is either [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) by its nature, often the form of a word is a strong indicator which gender it is. All nouns are either [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) or [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md), or in some cases [dual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_dual/02.md); and they appear either in the [absolute state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md) or the [construct state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md). - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
wordHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteסוּסsusstallion
masculine singular constructסוּסsusstallion of
feminine singular absoluteסוּסָהsusahmare
feminine singular contructסוּסַתsusatmare of
masculine plural absoluteסוּסִיםsusimstallions
masculine plural constructסוּסֵיsusestallions of
feminine plural absoluteסוּסוֹתsusothmares
feminine plural contructסוּסוֹתsusothmares of
- - -## Examples - -אִ֖ישׁ "man" is a common noun, but מֹשֶׁ֗ה "Moses" is not because it is a name. - -* NUM 12:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָאִ֥ישׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה ענו מְאֹ֑ד
weha'ish mosheh 'nw me'od
and-the-man Moses humble very
The truth was that Moses was a very humble person
- -In Hebrew, nouns do not change their form based on the function (or case) they have in a sentence (subject/nominative, direct object/accusative, etc.). They only change if they are in construct state. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun_common/title.md b/content/noun_common/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9f89d62..0000000 --- a/content/noun_common/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Noun Common \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun_gentilic.rst b/content/noun_gentilic.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e34af8 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/noun_gentilic.rst @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/noun_gentilic.rst + +.. _noun_gentilic: + +Noun Gentilic +============= + +Summary +------- + +A gentilic noun is a noun that describes the place of the noun, such as +its nationality. + +Article +------- + +Hebrew technically does not have gentilic nouns, but sometimes a +:ref:`adjective_gentilic` +is parsed as a +:ref:`adjective_gentilic`. diff --git a/content/noun_gentilic/01.md b/content/noun_gentilic/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a926daa..0000000 --- a/content/noun_gentilic/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A gentilic noun is a noun that describes the place of the noun, such as its nationality. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun_gentilic/02.md b/content/noun_gentilic/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c1fb3da..0000000 --- a/content/noun_gentilic/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Hebrew technically does not have gentilic nouns, but sometimes a [gentilic adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_gentilic/02.md) is parsed as a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective_gentilic/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun_gentilic/title.md b/content/noun_gentilic/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index dd6e898..0000000 --- a/content/noun_gentilic/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Noun Gentilic \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun_proper_name.rst b/content/noun_proper_name.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..310fd7d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/noun_proper_name.rst @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/noun_proper_name.rst + +.. _noun_proper_name: + +Noun Proper Name +================ + +Summary +------- + +Proper nouns are names (usually, of people or places). + +Article +------- + +In the example below, מֹשֶׁ֗ה "Moses" is a proper noun (because it is a +name), but אִ֖ישׁ "man" is a :ref:`noun_common`. +Biblical Hebrew does not have capital letters to signify proper names. +Proper nouns always appear in the :ref:`state_absolute` +and are considered :ref:`person_third` +:ref:`number_singular` +when used as subjects of verbs, direct objects, or referred to by +personal pronouns or pronominal suffixes. They can be either +:ref:`gender_masculine` +or +:ref:`gender_feminine`. + +- NUM 12:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָאִ֥ישׁ **מֹשֶׁ֖ה** ענו מְאֹ֑ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weha'ish \ **mosheh** 'nw me'od + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-the-man **Moses** humble very + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The truth was that **Moses** was a very humble person + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/noun_proper_name/01.md b/content/noun_proper_name/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6cee284..0000000 --- a/content/noun_proper_name/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Proper nouns are names (usually, of people or places). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/noun_proper_name/02.md b/content/noun_proper_name/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index a01e3a3..0000000 --- a/content/noun_proper_name/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -In the example below, מֹשֶׁ֗ה "Moses" is a proper noun (because it is a name), but אִ֖ישׁ "man" is a [common noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md). Biblical Hebrew does not have capital letters to signify proper names. Proper nouns always appear in the [absolute state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md) and are considered [third person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_third/02.md) [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) when used as subjects of verbs, direct objects, or referred to by personal pronouns or pronominal suffixes. They can be either [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md). - -* NUM 12:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָאִ֥ישׁ **מֹשֶׁ֖ה** ענו מְאֹ֑ד
weha'ish **mosheh** 'nw me'od
and-the-man **Moses** humble very
The truth was that **Moses** was a very humble person
- diff --git a/content/noun_proper_name/title.md b/content/noun_proper_name/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5733ae1..0000000 --- a/content/noun_proper_name/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Noun Proper Name \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_dual.rst b/content/number_dual.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8abc63 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/number_dual.rst @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/number_dual.rst + +.. _number_dual: + +Number Dual +=========== + +Summary +------- + +Dual (two, pair) refers to more than a group of items that happens to be +two, but specifically to things that almost always come in pairs, like +hands and eyes. + +Article +------- + +Form +---- + +Both +:ref:`gender_masculine` +and +:ref:`gender_feminine` +dual +:ref:`noun` +have the same ending, ־ַ֫ יִם ("-ayim"). They have a pataq before the +yod and a hireq under it. + +Dual nouns use +:ref:`adjective`. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Masculine dual absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +אָזְנַיִם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'aznayim + +.. raw:: html + + + +(both) ears + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Masculine dual contruct + +.. raw:: html + + + +אָזְנֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +'azney + +.. raw:: html + + + +(both) ears of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Female dual absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָדַיִם + +.. raw:: html + + + +yadayim + +.. raw:: html + + + +(both) hands + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Feminine dual construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְדֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +yede + +.. raw:: html + + + +(both) hands of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +Dual does not just mean two. It means that the two usually come in +pairs, such as eyes עֵינַ֥יִם or ears אָזְנַ֣יִם. + +- DEU 29:4 (DEU 29:3 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹֽא־נָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם לֵב֙ לָדַ֔עַת **וְעֵינַ֥יִם** לִרְא֖וֹת + **וְאָזְנַ֣יִם** לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + welo-nathan yehwah lakhem lev lada'ath **we'enayim** lir'oth + **we'oznayim** lishmoa' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-not\_has-given Yahweh to-them heart to-know **and-eyes** to-see + **and-ears** to hear. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, **eyes** to see **or ears** + to hear. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/number_dual/01.md b/content/number_dual/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3cd9194..0000000 --- a/content/number_dual/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Dual (two, pair) refers to more than a group of items that happens to be two, but specifically to things that almost always come in pairs, like hands and eyes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_dual/02.md b/content/number_dual/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index cd85e7d..0000000 --- a/content/number_dual/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -## Article -## Form -Both [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) and [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) dual [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) have the same ending, ־ַ֫ יִם ("-ayim"). They have a pataq before the yod and a hireq under it. - -Dual nouns use [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md) [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md). - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Masculine dual absoluteאָזְנַיִם'aznayim(both) ears
Masculine dual contructאָזְנֵי'azney(both) ears of
Female dual absoluteיָדַיִםyadayim(both) hands
Feminine dual constructיְדֵיyede(both) hands of
- -## Function -Dual does not just mean two. It means that the two usually come in pairs, such as eyes עֵינַ֥יִם or ears אָזְנַ֣יִם. - -* DEU 29:4 (DEU 29:3 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹֽא־נָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם לֵב֙ לָדַ֔עַת **וְעֵינַ֥יִם** לִרְא֖וֹת **וְאָזְנַ֣יִם** לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ
welo-nathan yehwah lakhem lev lada'ath **we'enayim** lir'oth **we'oznayim** lishmoa'
And-not_has-given Yahweh to-them heart to-know **and-eyes** to-see **and-ears** to hear.
Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, **eyes** to see **or ears** to hear.
- diff --git a/content/number_dual/title.md b/content/number_dual/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8690e2b..0000000 --- a/content/number_dual/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Number Dual \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_plural.rst b/content/number_plural.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb62430 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/number_plural.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2737 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/number_plural.rst + +.. _number_plural: + +Number Plural +============= + +Summary +------- + +In Hebrew, a noun is plural if there are two or more of something, or if +it refers to something really big. + +Article +------- + +A word can be plural if it refers to multiple persons or objects. + +If it is a +:ref:`noun`, +it refers to the persons or objects directly. Other words, like +:ref:`verb`, +:ref:`pronoun_personal`, +or :ref:`suffix_pronominal`, +also signal they refer to more than one person or object with the form +they have. + +Form +---- + +Nouns and adjectives +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +:ref:`gender_feminine` +plural +:ref:`noun` +usually end in ות. + +:ref:`gender_masculine` +plural nouns usually end in ים ִ with a hireq before the yod. + +Paradigm +^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +susim + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +suse + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovim + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, masculine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tove + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, feminine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Other words +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Besides nouns, a plural word can be recognized by a variety of changes +to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard +to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a sample of the +kinds of changes that signal a plural form. + +Paradigm +^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֵּנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵם / הֵמָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hem / hemmah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵן / הֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hen / hennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְכֶֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְכֶֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'thekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethhem / 'otham + +.. raw:: html + + + +them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethhen / 'othan + +.. raw:: html + + + +them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָכֶם / -כֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakhem / -khem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָכֶן / -כֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakhen / -khen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +lahem / -hem / -am + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +lahen / -hen / -an + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +Noun +~~~~ + +More than one +^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This is the normal kind of plural, meaning more than one of a thing. + +- ECC 10:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + רָאִ֥יתִי **עֲבָדִ֖ים** עַל־סוּסִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ra'ithi **'avadim** 'al-**susim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-have-seen **servants** on\_\ **horses**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I have seen **servants** on **horses**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Plural of extension +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Some nouns can be singular or plural even though they look plural. +Heaven/heavens and water/waters are common examples. + +- GEN 1:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + bereshith bara 'elohim 'eth **hashamayim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In-beginning he-created God [dir.obj] **the-heavens** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In the beginning God created the **heavens** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י **הַמָּֽיִם**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weruah 'elohim merahefeth 'al-pene **hammayim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-the-Spirit-of God was-moving on\_the-face-of **the-waters**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The Spirit of God was moving on the surface of the **waters**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Abstract plurals +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Some plural words in Hebrew are translated as singular in other +languages. In English, abstract plurals are often singular and have +endings like -ness, -hood, and -ship. + +- GEN 19:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hikku **bassanwerim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + they-hit **with-the-blindnesses** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + they struck them **with blindness** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 21:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי בֵ֖ן **לִזְקֻנָֽיו**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki-yaladti ven **lizqunayw** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for\_I-bore son **to-his-old-ages** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yet I have borne him a son **in his old age**! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Summing up different parts of an action. +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Hebrew uses plurals for actions that have multiple parts, such as +embalming or committing adultery. + +- GEN 50:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י הַחֲנֻטִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki ken yimle'u yeme **hahanutim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for so are-filled days-of **the-embalmings**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for that was the full time for **embalming**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JER 13:27 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + נִֽאֻפַ֤יִךְ וּמִצְהֲלוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ ... רָאִ֖יתִי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ni'ufayikh umitshalothayikh** ... ra'ithi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Your-adulteries and-your-neighings** ... I-have-seen + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I have seen **your adultery and neighing** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjectives +~~~~~~~~~~ + +If the noun or person to which the adjective relates is plural, the +adjective is also plural. + +- DEU 8:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּבָתִּ֥ים **טֹובִ֛ים** תִּבְנֶ֖ה וְיָשָֽׁבְתָּ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + uvottim **towvim** tivneh weyashavetta + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-houses **good** you-will-built and-you-will-live + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and when you build **good** houses and live in them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Verbs +~~~~~ + +If the noun or person to which the verb relates is plural, the verb is +also plural. + +- JER 43:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֛י לֹ֥א **שָׁמְע֖וּ** בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki lo **shom'u** beqol yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for not **they-listened** to-voice-of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + because **they** did not **listen** to Yahweh's voice. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Personal pronouns and suffixes +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JOS 2:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִנֵּ֛ה **אֲנַ֥חְנוּ** בָאִ֖ים בָּאָ֑רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hinneh **'anahnu** va'im ba'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + behold **we** coming-in in-the-land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + behold, when **we** come into the land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZR 9:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְ֠עַתָּה **בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם** אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ **לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם + וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙** אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'attah **benowthekhem** 'al-tittenu **livnehem uvenothehem** + 'al-tis'u **livnekhem** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-now **your-daughters** not\_give **to-their-sons + and-their-daughters** not\_take **for-your-sons** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take + **their daughters for your sons** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/number_plural/01.md b/content/number_plural/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f821be..0000000 --- a/content/number_plural/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Hebrew, a noun is plural if there are two or more of something, or if it refers to something really big. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_plural/02.md b/content/number_plural/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2a79b9b..0000000 --- a/content/number_plural/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,303 +0,0 @@ -## Article -A word can be plural if it refers to multiple persons or objects. - -If it is a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), it refers to the persons or objects directly. Other words, like [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), [personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), or [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md), also signal they refer to more than one person or object with the form they have. - -## Form - -### Nouns and adjectives -[Feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) plural [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) usually end in ות. - -[Masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) plural nouns usually end in ים ִ with a hireq before the yod. - -#### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Noun, masculine plural absoluteסוּסִיםsusimstallions
Noun, masculine plural constructסוּסֵיsusestallions of
Noun, feminine plural absoluteסוּסוֹתsusothmares
Noun, feminine plural constructסוּסוֹתsusothmares of
Adjective, masculine plural absoluteטוֹבִיםtovimgood
Adjective, masculine plural constructטוֹבֵיtovegood
Adjective, feminine plural absoluteטוֹבוֹתtovothgood
Adjective, feminine plural constructטוֹבוֹתtovothgood
- -### Other words -Besides nouns, a plural word can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a plural form. - -#### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qal suffix conjugation, common plural first personקָטַלְנוּqatalnuwe killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine pluralקְטַלְתֶּםqetaltemyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine pluralקְטַלְתֶּןqetaltenyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, common plural third personקָטְלוּqatluthey killed
Qal prefix conjugation, common plural first personנִקְטֹלniqtolwe will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine pluralתִּקְטְלtiqteluyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine pluralתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine pluralיִקְטְלוּyiqteluthey will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine pluralתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahthey will kill
Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine pluralאַתֶּם'attemyou
Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine pluralאַתֵּנָה'attenahyou
Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine pluralהֵם / הֵמָּהhem / hemmahthey
Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine pluralהֵן / הֵנָּהhen / hennahthey
Object pronoun, second person masculine pluralאֹתְכֶֶם'othekhemyou
Object pronoun, second person feminine pluralאֹתְכֶֶן'thekhemyou
Object pronoun, third person masculine pluralאֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם'ethhem / 'othamthem
Object pronoun, third person feminine pluralאֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן'ethhen / 'othanthem
Pronomial suffix, second person masculine pluralלָכֶם / -כֶםlakhem / -khem(to) you
Pronomial suffix, second person feminine pluralלָכֶן / -כֶןlakhen / -khen(to) you
Pronomial suffix, third person masculine pluralלָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָםlahem / -hem / -am(to) them
Pronomial suffix, third person feminine pluralלָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָןlahen / -hen / -an(to) them
- -## Function - -### Noun - -#### More than one -This is the normal kind of plural, meaning more than one of a thing. - -* ECC 10:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
רָאִ֥יתִי **עֲבָדִ֖ים** עַל־סוּסִ֑ים
ra'ithi **'avadim** 'al-**susim**
I-have-seen **servants** on_**horses**.
I have seen **servants** on **horses**.
- -#### Plural of extension - -Some nouns can be singular or plural even though they look plural. Heaven/heavens and water/waters are common examples. - -* GEN 1:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם
bereshith bara 'elohim 'eth **hashamayim**
In-beginning he-created God [dir.obj] **the-heavens**
In the beginning God created the **heavens**
- -* GEN 1:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י **הַמָּֽיִם**׃
weruah 'elohim merahefeth 'al-pene **hammayim**
and-the-Spirit-of God was-moving on_the-face-of **the-waters**.
The Spirit of God was moving on the surface of the **waters**.
- -#### Abstract plurals - -Some plural words in Hebrew are translated as singular in other languages. In English, abstract plurals are often singular and have endings like -ness, -hood, and -ship. - -* GEN 19:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים
hikku **bassanwerim**
they-hit **with-the-blindnesses**
they struck them **with blindness**
- -* GEN 21:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי בֵ֖ן **לִזְקֻנָֽיו**׃
ki-yaladti ven **lizqunayw**
for_I-bore son **to-his-old-ages**
yet I have borne him a son **in his old age**!
- -#### Summing up different parts of an action. - -Hebrew uses plurals for actions that have multiple parts, such as embalming or committing adultery. - -* GEN 50:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י הַחֲנֻטִ֑ים
ki ken yimle'u yeme **hahanutim**
for so are-filled days-of **the-embalmings**.
for that was the full time for **embalming**.
- -* JER 13:27 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
נִֽאֻפַ֤יִךְ וּמִצְהֲלוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ ... רָאִ֖יתִי
**ni'ufayikh umitshalothayikh** ... ra'ithi
**Your-adulteries and-your-neighings** ... I-have-seen
I have seen **your adultery and neighing**
- -### Adjectives - -If the noun or person to which the adjective relates is plural, the adjective is also plural. - -* DEU 8:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּבָתִּ֥ים **טֹובִ֛ים** תִּבְנֶ֖ה וְיָשָֽׁבְתָּ׃
uvottim **towvim** tivneh weyashavetta
and-houses **good** you-will-built and-you-will-live
and when you build **good** houses and live in them
- -### Verbs - -If the noun or person to which the verb relates is plural, the verb is also plural. - -* JER 43:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֛י לֹ֥א **שָׁמְע֖וּ** בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה
ki lo **shom'u** beqol yehwah
for not **they-listened** to-voice-of Yahweh.
because **they** did not **listen** to Yahweh's voice.
- -### Personal pronouns and suffixes - -* JOS 2:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִנֵּ֛ה **אֲנַ֥חְנוּ** בָאִ֖ים בָּאָ֑רֶץ
hinneh **'anahnu** va'im ba'arets
behold **we** coming-in in-the-land
behold, when **we** come into the land
- -* EZR 9:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְ֠עַתָּה **בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם** אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ **לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙** אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם
we'attah **benowthekhem** 'al-tittenu **livnehem uvenothehem** 'al-tis'u **livnekhem**
And-now **your-daughters** not_give **to-their-sons and-their-daughters** not_take **for-your-sons**
So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take **their daughters for your sons**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_plural/title.md b/content/number_plural/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9f24ffa..0000000 --- a/content/number_plural/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Number Plural \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_singular.rst b/content/number_singular.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6e742f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/number_singular.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2785 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/number_singular.rst + +.. _number_singular: + +Number Singular +=============== + +Summary +------- + +A noun is singular if there is only one of something or when a +collection is described as a unit. Singular is the standard dictionary +form of a noun. + +Article +------- + +A word can be singular if it refers to just one person or object. + +If it is a +:ref:`noun`, +it refers to the person or object directly. Other words, like +:ref:`verb`, +:ref:`pronoun_personal`, +or :ref:`suffix_pronominal`, +also signal they refer to only one person or object with the form they +have. + +Form +---- + +Nouns and adjectives +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +:ref:`gender_masculine` +singular nouns have no special endings. + +:ref:`gender_feminine` +singular nouns usually end in either ה or ת. + +Paradigm +^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +susah + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susat + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹב + +.. raw:: html + + + +tov + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹב + +.. raw:: html + + + +tov + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovah + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjective, feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +טוֹבַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +tovath + +.. raw:: html + + + +good + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Other words +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Besides nouns, a singular word can be recognized by a variety of changes +to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard +to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a sample of the +kinds of changes that signal a singular form. + +Paradigm +^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'at + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוּא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hu + +.. raw:: html + + + +he / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִיא / הִוא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hi / hiw + +.. raw:: html + + + +she / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othekha + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתָךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othakh + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתוֹ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'otho + +.. raw:: html + + + +him / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתָהּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othah + +.. raw:: html + + + +her / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לְךָ / - ְךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lekha / -ekha + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָךְ / - ָךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakh / -akh + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לוֹ / -וֹ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lo / -o + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) him + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהּ / - ָהּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lah / -ah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) her + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +Noun +~~~~ + +Normal singular +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- ISA 1:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יָדַ֥ע שֹׁור֙ קֹנֵ֔הוּ וַחֲמֹ֖ור אֵב֣וּס בְּעָלָ֑יו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yada' **showr qonehu wahamowr 'evus be'alayw** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He-knows **ox his-owner and-the-donkey manger-of his-master** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The **ox** knows **his owner**, **and the donkey his master's feeding + trough** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Proper nouns (names) are always singular, even if the referent is +plural: + +- OBA 1:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + חֲזֹ֖ון עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hazown **'ovadyah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Vision-of **Obadiah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The vision of **Obadiah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 29:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל חֹנִ֔ים בַּעַ֖יִן אֲשֶׁ֥ר **בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאל**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weyisra'el** honim ba'ayin 'asher **beyizre'el** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-Israel** camped at-the-spring which-is **in-Jezreel**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the Israelites** camped by the spring that is **in Jezreel**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Collective +^^^^^^^^^^ + +Some nouns can be singular or plural even though they look singular. For +example, עוֹף֙ can mean bird or birds. + +- GEN 1:21 singular + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־ע֤וֹף **כָּנָף֙** לְמִינֵ֔הוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'eth kol-'of **kanaf** leminehu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-[dir.obj] every\_winged **bird** after-its-kind. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + every kind of **bird** that has wings + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 40:17 plural + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָע֗וֹף אֹכֵ֥ל אֹתָ֛ם מִן־הַסַּ֖ל מֵעַ֥ל רֹאשִֽׁי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weha'of** 'okhel 'otham min-hassal me'al roshi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-the-birds** ate them out-of\_the-basket from-on my-head. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **but birds** were eating them from the top basket that was on my + head + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אֱלֹהִים +^^^^^^^^ + +Name +'''' + +אֱלֹהִים looks like a plural, but every time God is the subject of a +sentence, the verb is singular, and so are the adjectives that are +connected with it. + +- GEN 1:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + bereshith bara **'elohim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In-beginning he-created **God** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In the beginning **God** created + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +plural +'''''' + +אֱלֹהִים can also mean "gods" + +- JDG 5:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יִבְחַר֙ **אֱלֹהִ֣ים** חֲדָשִׁ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yivhar **'elohim** hadashim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-they-chose **gods** new + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + When they chose new **gods** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adjectives +~~~~~~~~~~ + +If the noun or person to which the adjective relates is singular, the +adjective is also singular. + +- 2KI 20:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + טֹ֥וב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **towv** devar-yehwah 'asher dibbarta + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Good** word-of\_Yahweh that you-spoke. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The word of Yahweh that you have spoken is **good**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Verbs +~~~~~ + +If the noun or person to which the verb relates is singular, the verb is +also singular. + +- GEN 13:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayya'al** 'avram mimmitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-went-up** Abram from-Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **So** Abram **went up** from Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Personal pronouns and suffixes +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JER 37:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֛ע **ה֥וּא** וַעֲבָדָ֖יו וְעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + welo shama' **hu** wa'avadayw we'am ha'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-not he-listened **he** and-his-servants and-people-of the-land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + but he, his servants, and the people of the land did not listen + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **My son** Absalom, **my son**, **my son**! + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/number_singular/01.md b/content/number_singular/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 33f0514..0000000 --- a/content/number_singular/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A noun is singular if there is only one of something or when a collection is described as a unit. Singular is the standard dictionary form of a noun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_singular/02.md b/content/number_singular/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index aa2c01d..0000000 --- a/content/number_singular/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,309 +0,0 @@ -## Article -A word can be singular if it refers to just one person or object. - -If it is a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), it refers to the person or object directly. Other words, like [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), [personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), or [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md), also signal they refer to only one person or object with the form they have. - -## Form - -### Nouns and adjectives -[Masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) singular nouns have no special endings. - -[Feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) singular nouns usually end in either ה or ת. - -#### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Noun, masculine singular absoluteסוּסsusstallion
Noun, masculine singular constructסוּסsusstallion of
Noun, feminine singular absoluteסוּסָהsusahmare
Noun, feminine singular constructסוּסַתsusatmare of
Adjective, masculine singular absoluteטוֹבtovgood
Adjective, masculine singular constructטוֹבtovgood
Adjective, feminine singular absoluteטוֹבָהtovahgood
Adjective, feminine singular constructטוֹבַתtovathgood
- -### Other words -Besides nouns, a singular word can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a singular form. - -#### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qal suffix conjugation, common singular first personקָטַלְתִּיqataltiI killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine singularקָטַלְתָּqataltayou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine singularקָטַלְתְּqataltyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, third person masculine singularקָטַלqatalhe killed
Qal suffix conjugation, third person feminine singularקָטְלָהqatlahshe killed
Qal prefix conjugation, common singular first personאֶקְטֹל'eqtolI will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine singularתִּקְטֹלtiqtolyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine singularתִּקְטְלִיtiqteliyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine singularיִקְטֹלyiqtolhe will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine singularתִּקְטֹלtiqtolshe will kill
Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine singularאַתָּה'attahyou
Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine singularאַתְּ'atyou
Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine singularהוּאhuhe / it
Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine singularהִיא / הִואhi / hiwshe / it
Object pronoun, second person masculine singularאֹתְךָ'othekhayou
Object pronoun, second person feminine singularאֹתָךְ'othakhyou
Object pronoun, third person masculine singularאֹתוֹ'othohim / it
Object pronoun, third person feminine singularאֹתָהּ'othahher / it
Pronomial suffix, second person masculine singularלְךָ / - ְךָlekha / -ekha(to) you
Pronomial suffix, second person feminine singularלָךְ / - ָךְ lakh / -akh(to) you
Pronomial suffix, third person masculine singularלוֹ / -וֹlo / -o(to) him
Pronomial suffix, third person feminine singularלָהּ / - ָהּlah / -ah(to) her
- -## Function - -### Noun - -#### Normal singular - -* ISA 1:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יָדַ֥ע שֹׁור֙ קֹנֵ֔הוּ וַחֲמֹ֖ור אֵב֣וּס בְּעָלָ֑יו
yada' **showr qonehu wahamowr 'evus be'alayw**
He-knows **ox his-owner and-the-donkey manger-of his-master**
The **ox** knows **his owner**, **and the donkey his master's feeding trough**
- -Proper nouns (names) are always singular, even if the referent is plural: - -* OBA 1:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
חֲזֹ֖ון עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה
hazown **'ovadyah**
Vision-of **Obadiah**
The vision of **Obadiah**
- -* 1SA 29:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל חֹנִ֔ים בַּעַ֖יִן אֲשֶׁ֥ר **בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאל**׃
**weyisra'el** honim ba'ayin 'asher **beyizre'el**
**and-Israel** camped at-the-spring which-is **in-Jezreel**.
**the Israelites** camped by the spring that is **in Jezreel**.
- -#### Collective -Some nouns can be singular or plural even though they look singular. For example, עוֹף֙ can mean bird or birds. - -* GEN 1:21 -singular - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־ע֤וֹף **כָּנָף֙** לְמִינֵ֔הוּ
we'eth kol-'of **kanaf** leminehu
and-[dir.obj] every_winged **bird** after-its-kind.
every kind of **bird** that has wings
- -* GEN 40:17 -plural - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָע֗וֹף אֹכֵ֥ל אֹתָ֛ם מִן־הַסַּ֖ל מֵעַ֥ל רֹאשִֽׁי
**weha'of** 'okhel 'otham min-hassal me'al roshi
**and-the-birds** ate them out-of_the-basket from-on my-head.
**but birds** were eating them from the top basket that was on my head
- -#### אֱלֹהִים - -##### Name - -אֱלֹהִים looks like a plural, but every time God is the subject of a sentence, the verb is singular, and so are the adjectives that are connected with it. - -* GEN 1:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים
bereshith bara **'elohim**
In-beginning he-created **God**
In the beginning **God** created
- -##### plural - -אֱלֹהִים can also mean "gods" - -* JDG 5:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יִבְחַר֙ **אֱלֹהִ֣ים** חֲדָשִׁ֔ים
yivhar **'elohim** hadashim
And-they-chose **gods** new
When they chose new **gods**
- -### Adjectives - -If the noun or person to which the adjective relates is singular, the adjective is also singular. - -* 2KI 20:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
טֹ֥וב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ
**towv** devar-yehwah 'asher dibbarta
**Good** word-of_Yahweh that you-spoke.
The word of Yahweh that you have spoken is **good**.
- -### Verbs - -If the noun or person to which the verb relates is singular, the verb is also singular. - -* GEN 13:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם
**wayya'al** 'avram mimmitsrayim
**and-he-went-up** Abram from-Egypt
**So** Abram **went up** from Egypt
- -### Personal pronouns and suffixes - -* JER 37:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֛ע **ה֥וּא** וַעֲבָדָ֖יו וְעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ
welo shama' **hu** wa'avadayw we'am ha'arets
and-not he-listened **he** and-his-servants and-people-of the-land
but he, his servants, and the people of the land did not listen
- -* 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
**beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
**My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**
**My son** Absalom, **my son**, **my son**!
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/number_singular/title.md b/content/number_singular/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1c6aa80..0000000 --- a/content/number_singular/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Number Singular \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/participle_active.rst b/content/participle_active.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe337c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/participle_active.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1886 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/participle_active.rst + +.. _participle_active: + +Participle Active +================= + +Summary +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, a participle is a verbal noun that can function as a +verb (or verbal complement), an adjective, or a noun. When used as a +verb, an active participle most often expresses continuous or imminent +action. + +Article +------- + +Properly speaking, participles in Biblical Hebrew are :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns`. +Like the infinitive forms, they conjugate in the various +:ref:`stem` +formations. They also inflect for person and gender like both +:ref:`adjective` +and +:ref:`noun`. +Furthermore, they can also appear in either the :ref:`state_absolute` +or the :ref:`state_construct`, +like nouns. Thus, active participles are extremely flexible in their +grammatical use and can function as a verbal complement, a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs`, +an adjective, or a noun. In most cases, the context will clearly show +how the participle is being used in the sentence. The meaning of a +participle is usually clear, even in cases where its specific +grammatical function cannot be determined precisely. + +Form +---- + +**Qal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qotel + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killer + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטֶלֶת / קֹטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qotelet / qotelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killer + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטְלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +qotelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killers + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטְלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +qoteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killers + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hiphil** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטֶלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטִילִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqtilim + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטִילוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqtiloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Piel** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטֶּלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqatteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטְּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqattelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטְּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqatteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, it is helpful to classify participles according to +their function in the sentence as a whole: as a +:ref:`verb` +(or verbal complement); as an adjective; or as a noun. Participles can +function independently as their own grammatical entity, but they often +introduce entire clauses that function either as adjectives or nouns. +When used verbally, the active participle is closely related in meaning +to the prefix conjugation; they are both often used to describe +frequentive or durative action and can function as either a verbal +complement or a finite verb. + +The active participle can function in a sentence in any of the following +ways: + +Functions as a verbal complement +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When functioning as a verbal complement, the participle is governed by +the main verb of the sentence and has potential to be translated as past +time, present time, or future time. A verbal participle can express +stative, frequentive, durative, or imminent action as determined by the +context. The subject of a participle usually precedes the participle, in +contrast to the normal conventions of :ref:`word_order`. + +- HOS 2:10 –– expressing stative action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יָעַ֥צְתָּ בֹּ֖שֶׁת לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ קְצוֹת־עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים **וְחוֹטֵ֥א** + נַפְשֶֽׁךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ya'atsta bosheth levethekha qetsoth-'ammim rabbim **wehote** + nafshekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you-have-devised shame to-your-house cutting-off\_peoples many + **and-making-guilty** your-soul + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You have devised shame for your house by cutting off many people, + **and have sinned** against yourself + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 28:14 –– expressing simple durative action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ **מְדַבֵּ֣ר** עִמָּ֑ם וְרָחֵ֣ל׀ בָּ֗אָה עִם־הַצֹּאן֙ + אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יהָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'odennu **medabber** 'immam werahel ba'ah 'im-hatson 'asher le'aviha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + still-he **was-speaking** with-them and-Rachel came with\_the-sheep + that to-her-father + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + While Jacob **was** still **speaking** with them, Rachel came with + her father's sheep, + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NEH 1:4 –– two participles paired with finite verb היה + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וָֽאֱהִ֥י **צָם֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל** לִפְנֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'ehi **tsam umithpallel** lifne 'elohe hashamayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-I-was **fasting and-praying** before God-of the-heavens + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I **was fasting and praying** before the God of heaven. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When functioning as a verb, the participle is governed by the context +and has the potential to be translated as past time, present time, +future time, or even without a specified timeframe. A verbal participle +can express stative, frequentive, durative, or imminent action as +determined by the context. NOTE: The subject of a participle usually +precedes the participle, in contrast to the normal conventions of +:ref:`word_order`. + +- 1SA 3:8 –– expressing frequentive action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּ֣בֶן עֵלִ֔י כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה **קֹרֵ֥א** לַנָּֽעַר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyaven 'eli ki yehwah **qore** lanna'ar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-understood Eli that Yahweh **was-calling** to-the-boy + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then Eli realized that Yahweh **had called** the boy. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 28:14 –– expressing simple durative action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אִ֤ישׁ זָקֵן֙ עֹלֶ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattomer 'ish zaqen **'oleh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-she-said man old **is-going-up** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + She said, "An old man **is coming up** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 3:11 –– expressing imminent action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִנֵּ֧ה אָנֹכִ֛י **עֹשֶׂ֥ה** דָבָ֖ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hinneh 'anokhi **'oseh** davar beyisra'el + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Behold I **am-doing** thing in-Israel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + See, I **am about to do** something in Israel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a verbal :ref:`adjective` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When functioning as an adjective, a participle follows the noun in the +attributive position and matches the noun in gender, number, and +:ref:`state_determined`. +The participle can either function as an adjective by itself or +introduce a clause that functions as an adjective. + +- DEU 4:24 –– a participle functioning by itself as an adjective + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki yehwah 'eloheykha 'esh **'okhelah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for Yahweh your-God fire **eating** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + For Yahweh your God is a **devouring** fire + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:12 –– a participle introducing a clause functioning as an + adjective + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב **מַזְרִ֤יעַ** זֶ֙רַע֙ + לְמִינֵ֔הוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattotse ha'arets deshe 'esev **mazria'** zera' leminehu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-it-sprouted-forth the-earth grass crops **yielding** seed + to-its-kind + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The earth produced vegetation, plants **producing** seed after their + kind + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When functioning as a noun, a participle will often take the +:ref:`particle_definite_article` +(but not always). The participle can either function as a noun by itself +or introduce a relative clause that functions as a noun. + +- GEN 1:30 –– a participle functioning by itself as a noun + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּלְכֹ֣ל׀ **רוֹמֵ֣שׂ** עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ulekhol **romes** 'al-ha'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-to-all **crawlers** on\_the-earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and to everything **that creeps** upon the earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 26:11 –– a participle introducing a relative clause functioning + as a noun + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַנֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה וּבְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hannogea'** ba'ish hazzeh uve'ishto moth yumath + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the-one-touching** in-the-man the-this and-in-his-wife dying + he-will-be-made-dead + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whoever touches** this man or his wife will surely be put to death. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/participle_active/01.md b/content/participle_active/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 160190c..0000000 --- a/content/participle_active/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Biblical Hebrew, a participle is a verbal noun that can function as a verb (or verbal complement), an adjective, or a noun. When used as a verb, an active participle most often expresses continuous or imminent action. diff --git a/content/participle_active/02.md b/content/participle_active/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index acf7aa8..0000000 --- a/content/participle_active/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,237 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Properly speaking, participles in Biblical Hebrew are [verbal nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns). Like the infinitive forms, they conjugate in the various [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) formations. They also inflect for person and gender like both [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md) and [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md). Furthermore, they can also appear in either the [absolute state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md) or the [construct state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md), like nouns. Thus, active participles are extremely flexible in their grammatical use and can function as a verbal complement, a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs), an adjective, or a noun. In most cases, the context will clearly show how the participle is being used in the sentence. The meaning of a participle is usually clear, even in cases where its specific grammatical function cannot be determined precisely. - -## Form - -**Qal** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteקֹטֵלqotelkilling / killer
feminine singular Absoluteקֹטֶלֶת / קֹטְלָהqotelet / qotelahkilling / killer
masculine plural Absoluteקֹטְלִיםqotelimkilling / killers
feminine plural Absoluteקֹטְלוֹתqotelothkilling / killers
- -**Hiphil** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteמַקְטִילmaqtilcausing to kill
feminine singular Absoluteמַקְטֶלֶתmaqtelethcausing to kill
masculine plural Absoluteמַקְטִילִיםmaqtilimcausing to kill
feminine plural Absoluteמַקְטִילוֹתmaqtilothcausing to kill
- -**Piel** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteמְקַטֵּלmeqattelslaughtering
feminine singular Absoluteמְקַטֶּלֶתmeqattelethslaughtering
masculine plural Absoluteמְקַטְּלִיםmeqattelimslaughtering
feminine plural Absoluteמְקַטְּלוֹתmeqattelothslaughtering
- -## Function -In Biblical Hebrew, it is helpful to classify participles according to their function in the sentence as a whole: as a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) (or verbal complement); as an adjective; or as a noun. Participles can function independently as their own grammatical entity, but they often introduce entire clauses that function either as adjectives or nouns. When used verbally, the active participle is closely related in meaning to the prefix conjugation; they are both often used to describe frequentive or durative action and can function as either a verbal complement or a finite verb. - -The active participle can function in a sentence in any of the following ways: - -#### Functions as a verbal complement -When functioning as a verbal complement, the participle is governed by the main verb of the sentence and has potential to be translated as past time, present time, or future time. A verbal participle can express stative, frequentive, durative, or imminent action as determined by the context. The subject of a participle usually precedes the participle, in contrast to the normal conventions of [Hebrew word order](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/word_order/02.md). - -* HOS 2:10 –– expressing stative action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יָעַ֥צְתָּ בֹּ֖שֶׁת לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ קְצוֹת־עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים **וְחוֹטֵ֥א** נַפְשֶֽׁךָ
ya'atsta bosheth levethekha qetsoth-'ammim rabbim **wehote** nafshekha
you-have-devised shame to-your-house cutting-off_peoples many **and-making-guilty** your-soul
You have devised shame for your house by cutting off many people, **and have sinned** against yourself
- -* 1SA 28:14 –– expressing simple durative action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ **מְדַבֵּ֣ר** עִמָּ֑ם וְרָחֵ֣ל׀ בָּ֗אָה עִם־הַצֹּאן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יהָ
'odennu **medabber** 'immam werahel ba'ah 'im-hatson 'asher le'aviha
still-he **was-speaking** with-them and-Rachel came with_the-sheep that to-her-father
While Jacob **was** still **speaking** with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep,
- -* NEH 1:4 –– two participles paired with finite verb היה - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וָֽאֱהִ֥י **צָם֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל** לִפְנֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
wa'ehi **tsam umithpallel** lifne 'elohe hashamayim
and-I-was **fasting and-praying** before God-of the-heavens
I **was fasting and praying** before the God of heaven.
- - -#### Functions as a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) -When functioning as a verb, the participle is governed by the context and has the potential to be translated as past time, present time, future time, or even without a specified timeframe. A verbal participle can express stative, frequentive, durative, or imminent action as determined by the context. NOTE: The subject of a participle usually precedes the participle, in contrast to the normal conventions of [Hebrew word order](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/word_order/02.md). - -* 1SA 3:8 –– expressing frequentive action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּ֣בֶן עֵלִ֔י כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה **קֹרֵ֥א** לַנָּֽעַר
wayyaven 'eli ki yehwah **qore** lanna'ar
and-he-understood Eli that Yahweh **was-calling** to-the-boy
Then Eli realized that Yahweh **had called** the boy.
- -* 1SA 28:14 –– expressing simple durative action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אִ֤ישׁ זָקֵן֙ עֹלֶ֔ה
wattomer 'ish zaqen **'oleh**
and-she-said man old **is-going-up**
She said, "An old man **is coming up**
- -* 1SA 3:11 –– expressing imminent action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִנֵּ֧ה אָנֹכִ֛י **עֹשֶׂ֥ה** דָבָ֖ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
hinneh 'anokhi **'oseh** davar beyisra'el
Behold I **am-doing** thing in-Israel
See, I **am about to do** something in Israel
- -#### Functions as a verbal [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md) -When functioning as an adjective, a participle follows the noun in the attributive position and matches the noun in gender, number, and [definiteness](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md). The participle can either function as an adjective by itself or introduce a clause that functions as an adjective. - -* DEU 4:24 –– a participle functioning by itself as an adjective - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה
ki yehwah 'eloheykha 'esh **'okhelah**
for Yahweh your-God fire **eating**
For Yahweh your God is a **devouring** fire
- -* GEN 1:12 –– a participle introducing a clause functioning as an adjective - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב **מַזְרִ֤יעַ** זֶ֙רַע֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ
wattotse ha'arets deshe 'esev **mazria'** zera' leminehu
and-it-sprouted-forth the-earth grass crops **yielding** seed to-its-kind
The earth produced vegetation, plants **producing** seed after their kind
- -#### Functions as a [verbal noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns) -When functioning as a noun, a participle will often take the [article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md) (but not always). The participle can either function as a noun by itself or introduce a relative clause that functions as a noun. - -* GEN 1:30 –– a participle functioning by itself as a noun - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּלְכֹ֣ל׀ **רוֹמֵ֣שׂ** עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ
ulekhol **romes** 'al-ha'arets
and-to-all **crawlers** on_the-earth
and to everything **that creeps** upon the earth
- -* GEN 26:11 –– a participle introducing a relative clause functioning as a noun - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַנֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה וּבְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת
**hannogea'** ba'ish hazzeh uve'ishto moth yumath
**the-one-touching** in-the-man the-this and-in-his-wife dying he-will-be-made-dead
**Whoever touches** this man or his wife will surely be put to death.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/participle_active/title.md b/content/participle_active/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4a03706..0000000 --- a/content/participle_active/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Participle Active \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/participle_passive.rst b/content/participle_passive.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d877e22 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/participle_passive.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2070 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/participle_passive.rst + +.. _participle_passive: + +Participle Passive +================== + +Summary +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, a participle is a verbal noun that can function as a +verb (or verbal complement), an adjective, or a noun. The passive +participle most often functions as an attributive adjective or predicate +adjective. + +Article +------- + +Properly speaking, participles in Biblical Hebrew are :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns`. +Like the infinitive forms, they conjugate in the passive +:ref:`stem` +(Niphal, Pual, Hophal, etc.). They also inflect for person and gender +like both +:ref:`adjective` +and +:ref:`noun`. +Furthermore, they can also appear in either the :ref:`state_absolute` +or the :ref:`state_construct`, +like nouns. Thus, participles have potential to function as a verbal +complement, a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs`, +an adjective, or a noun. In most cases, the context will clearly show +how the participle is being used in the sentence. Generally speaking, +the meaning of the participle is clear even in cases where its specific +grammatical function cannot be determined precisely. + +NOTE: Only the :ref:`stem_qal` +has a distinct passive form for the participle; in all other cases, the +passive (sometimes reflexive) meaning is determined by the stem +formation and the specific verb. + +Form +---- + +**Qal passive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטוּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatul + +.. raw:: html + + + +killer / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטוּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetulah + +.. raw:: html + + + +killer / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטוּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetulim + +.. raw:: html + + + +killers / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטוּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetuloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killers / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Niphal (usually passive or reflexive voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalah + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtaloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hophal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָקְטָל + +.. raw:: html + + + +moqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָקְטֶלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +moqteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָקְטָלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +moqtalim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָקְטָלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +moqtaloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Pual** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטֶּלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequtteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטְּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequttelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטְּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequtteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hithpael (usually reflexive voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטֶּלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqatteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטְּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqattelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטְּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqatteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +Participles in passive/reflexive voice are often used as an independent +grammatical entity, although it can introduce relative clauses, like +active participles. Passive participles are generally more limited in +meaning than :ref:`participle_active`, +usually functioning descriptively or expressing stative actions. Passive +participles are governed either by the main verb of a sentence or by the +context; thus, they can express action in past time, present time, +future time, or without any specified timeframe. + +A passive participle can function in a sentence in any of the following +ways: + +Functions as a verbal adjective +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This is the most common use of the passive participle in Biblical +Hebrew. When a passive participle functions as an adjective, it is +usually either an :ref:`adjective-attributive` +or a :ref:`adjective-predicative-or-verbal-adjective`. +The context must determine whether a passive participle is functioning +as a predicate adjective or as a finite verb, because both appear the +same in many instances (compare EXO 5:16 and 1SA 19:11). + +- PSA 149:9 –– functioning as an attributive adjective + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת בָּהֶ֨ם׀ מִשְׁפָּ֬ט כָּת֗וּב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + la'asoth bahem mishpat **kathuv** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + to-do to-them judgment **written** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They will execute the judgment **that is written** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 5:16 –– functioning as a predicate adjective + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehinneh 'avadeykha **mukkim**\ ‮‬ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-behold your-servants **beaten** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + We, your servants, are even **beaten** now + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 22:7 –– introducing clauses functioning as predicate adjectives + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאָנֹכִ֣י תוֹלַ֣עַת וְלֹא־אִ֑ישׁ **חֶרְפַּ֥ת** אָ֝דָ֗ם **וּבְז֥וּי** + עָֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'anokhi thola'ath welo-'ish **herpath** 'adam **uvezuy** 'am + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-I worm and-not\_man **scorned-of** humanity **and-despised-of** + people + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But I am a worm and not a man, a **disgrace** to humanity **and + despised** by the people. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The context must determine whether a passive participle is functioning +as a finite verb or as a predicate adjective, because both appear the +same in many instances (compare 1SA 19:11 and EXO 5:16). + +- ISA 17:2 –– NOTE: the participle is in the first position here, which + is the normal :ref:`word_order` + for finite verbs + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'azuvoth** 'are 'aro'er + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **being-forsaken** cities-of Aroer + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The cities of Aroer **will be abandoned** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 19:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מָחָ֖ר אַתָּ֥ה מוּמָֽת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mahar 'attah **mumath** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tomorrow you **being-made-dead** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tomorrow you **will be killed** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a verbal complement +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 38:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִ֣וא **מוּצֵ֗את** וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hiw **mutseth** wehi sholhah 'el-hamiha lemor + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + she **being-brought-out** and-she sent to\_her-father-in-law saying + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + When she **was brought out**, she sent to her father-in-law a message + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Functions as a :ref:`verb-verbal-nouns` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JOS 8:34 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כְּכָל־\ **הַכָּת֖וּב** בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + kekhol-\ **hakkathuv** ‮‬besefer hattowrah‮‬ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + like-all\_\ **the-written** in-book-of the-law + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + just as **had been written** in the book of the law + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/participle_passive/01.md b/content/participle_passive/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48a3e7f..0000000 --- a/content/participle_passive/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Biblical Hebrew, a participle is a verbal noun that can function as a verb (or verbal complement), an adjective, or a noun. The passive participle most often functions as an attributive adjective or predicate adjective. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/participle_passive/02.md b/content/participle_passive/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index fcc9e54..0000000 --- a/content/participle_passive/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,216 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Properly speaking, participles in Biblical Hebrew are [verbal nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns). Like the infinitive forms, they conjugate in the passive [stems](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) (Niphal, Pual, Hophal, etc.). They also inflect for person and gender like both [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md) and [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md). Furthermore, they can also appear in either the [absolute state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md) or the [construct state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md), like nouns. Thus, participles have potential to function as a verbal complement, a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs), an adjective, or a noun. In most cases, the context will clearly show how the participle is being used in the sentence. Generally speaking, the meaning of the participle is clear even in cases where its specific grammatical function cannot be determined precisely. - -NOTE: Only the [Qal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal/02.md) has a distinct passive form for the participle; in all other cases, the passive (sometimes reflexive) meaning is determined by the stem formation and the specific verb. - -## Form - -**Qal passive** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteקָטוּלqatulkiller / killed
feminine singular Absoluteקְטוּלָהqetulahkiller / killed
masculine plural Absoluteקְטוּלִיםqetulimkillers / killed
feminine plural Absoluteקְטוּלוֹתqetulothkillers / killed
- -**Niphal (usually passive or reflexive voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteנִקְטָלniqtalbeing killed
feminine singular Absoluteנִקְטָלָהniqtalahbeing killed
masculine plural Absoluteנִקְטָלִיםniqtalimbeing killed
feminine plural Absoluteנִקְטָלוֹתniqtalothbeing killed
- -**Hophal** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteמָקְטָלmoqtalbeing caused to kill
feminine singular Absoluteמָקְטֶלֶתmoqtelethbeing caused to kill
masculine plural Absoluteמָקְטָלִיםmoqtalimbeing caused to kill
feminine plural Absoluteמָקְטָלוֹתmoqtalothbeing caused to kill
- -**Pual** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteמְקֻטַּלmequttalbeing slaughtered
feminine singular Absoluteמְקֻטֶּלֶתmequttelethbeing slaughtered
masculine plural Absoluteמְקֻטְּלִיםmequttelimbeing slaughtered
feminine plural Absoluteמְקֻטְּלוֹתmequttelothbeing slaughtered
- -**Hithpael (usually reflexive voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular Absoluteמִתְקַטֵּלmithqattelkilling oneself
feminine singular Absoluteמִתְקַטֶּלֶתmithqattelethkilling oneself
masculine plural Absoluteמִתְקַטְּלִיםmithqattelimkilling oneself
feminine plural Absoluteמִתְקַטְּלוֹתmithqattelothkilling oneself
- -## Function -Participles in passive/reflexive voice are often used as an independent grammatical entity, although it can introduce relative clauses, like active participles. Passive participles are generally more limited in meaning than [active participles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md), usually functioning descriptively or expressing stative actions. Passive participles are governed either by the main verb of a sentence or by the context; thus, they can express action in past time, present time, future time, or without any specified timeframe. - -A passive participle can function in a sentence in any of the following ways: - -#### Functions as a verbal adjective -This is the most common use of the passive participle in Biblical Hebrew. When a passive participle functions as an adjective, it is usually either an [attributive adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md#attributive) or a [predicate adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md#predicative-or-verbal-adjective). The context must determine whether a passive participle is functioning as a predicate adjective or as a finite verb, because both appear the same in many instances (compare EXO 5:16 and 1SA 19:11). - -* PSA 149:9 –– functioning as an attributive adjective - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת בָּהֶ֨ם׀ מִשְׁפָּ֬ט כָּת֗וּב
la'asoth bahem mishpat **kathuv**
to-do to-them judgment **written**
They will execute the judgment **that is written**
- -* EXO 5:16 –– functioning as a predicate adjective - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים
wehinneh 'avadeykha **mukkim**‮‬
and-behold your-servants **beaten**
We, your servants, are even **beaten** now
- -* PSA 22:7 –– introducing clauses functioning as predicate adjectives - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאָנֹכִ֣י תוֹלַ֣עַת וְלֹא־אִ֑ישׁ **חֶרְפַּ֥ת** אָ֝דָ֗ם **וּבְז֥וּי** עָֽם׃
we'anokhi thola'ath welo-'ish **herpath** 'adam **uvezuy** 'am
and-I worm and-not_man **scorned-of** humanity **and-despised-of** people
But I am a worm and not a man, a **disgrace** to humanity **and despised** by the people.
- -#### Functions as a [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) -The context must determine whether a passive participle is functioning as a finite verb or as a predicate adjective, because both appear the same in many instances (compare 1SA 19:11 and EXO 5:16). - -* ISA 17:2 –– NOTE: the participle is in the first position here, which is the normal [Hebrew word order](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/word_order/02.md) for finite verbs - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר
**'azuvoth** 'are 'aro'er
**being-forsaken** cities-of Aroer
The cities of Aroer **will be abandoned**
- - -* 1SA 19:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מָחָ֖ר אַתָּ֥ה מוּמָֽת
mahar 'attah **mumath**
tomorrow you **being-made-dead**
tomorrow you **will be killed**
- -#### Functions as a verbal complement - -* GEN 38:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִ֣וא **מוּצֵ֗את** וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר
hiw **mutseth** wehi sholhah 'el-hamiha lemor
she **being-brought-out** and-she sent to_her-father-in-law saying
When she **was brought out**, she sent to her father-in-law a message
- -#### Functions as a [verbal noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#verbal-nouns) - -* JOS 8:34 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כְּכָל־**הַכָּת֖וּב** בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃
kekhol-**hakkathuv** ‮‬besefer hattowrah‮‬
like-all_**the-written** in-book-of the-law
just as **had been written** in the book of the law
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/participle_passive/title.md b/content/participle_passive/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index ee558c8..0000000 --- a/content/participle_passive/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Participle Passive \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle.rst b/content/particle.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08ec7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle.rst @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle.rst + +.. _particle: + +Particle +======== + +Summary +------- + +Particles are auxiliary words that do not fit into any strict +grammatical categorization. They often mark grammatical structures +and/or show how other words within a sentence are related to each other. + +Article +------- + +Particles are auxiliary words in a language that do not describe or +refer to a specific object or action. Rather, they either describe how +the other words in a sentence relate to each other, or emphasize a +particular word or aspect of meaning within a sentence. Some Hebrew +particles are prefixes that are attached to another word. Some particles +are extremely flexible in their meaning and can also serve other +functions within a sentence, especially as conjunctions or adverbs. For +example, the word כִּי can function as either a particle or a +conjunction; the word עַתָּה can function as either a particle or an +adverb; and there are others as well. + +In Biblical Hebrew, particles are sometimes paired together to form +compound conjunctions. Compound conjunctions are best understood as a +single unit with its own range of meanings which may or may not overlap +with the meanings of the individual particles themselves. When in doubt, +it is recommended to consult and dictionary or lexicon to determine +whether any particular occurrence of a particle stands alone or as part +of a compound conjunction. + +NOTE: The classification of these words (i.e. words called "particles" +in this grammar) is a subject of much debate among Hebrew linguists. +This is true even for particles which have a clear meaning and function. +Other parsing systems may have different names for these groups of +particles, may have different groupings, or may even parse an individual +particle as another kind of word such as a +:ref:`noun`, +an +:ref:`adverb`, +a +:ref:`conjunction`, +or others. + +Types +----- + +The parsing system used by this grammar identifies the following types +of particles: + +:ref:`particle_affirmation` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These particles usually convey a sense of "affirmation of" or "addition +to" some idea within the sentence. In English, they are commonly +translated using words such as "yes" or "also" or "even" or "really", +etc. + +:ref:`particle_definite_article` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This is a prefix that makes a word +:ref:`state_determined` +(or determined). + +:ref:`particle_demonstrative` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These particles focus the attention of the reader/listener to the word, +phrase, or sentence that immediately follows. In English, they are +commonly translated using words such as "See!" or "Look!" or "Behold!", +etc. + +:ref:`particle_direct_object_marker` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This particle precedes the direct object in a sentence, used especially +in places where there might be confusion. + +:ref:`particle_exhortation` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Exhortation particles are used to emphasize or strengthen a request or +command. They are often left untranslated in English. + +:ref:`particle_interjection` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These particles are exclamations of emotion. In English, they are +commonly translated using words such as "Oh!" or "Woe!" or "Aha!", etc. + +:ref:`particle_interrogative` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This prefix indicates that the sentence is a question and not a +statement. + +:ref:`particle_negative` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These particles negate some word in the sentnce, usually a +:ref:`verb`, +or +:ref:`adjective`. + +:ref:`particle_relative` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These particles introduce a relative clause or phrase, often more fully +describing a preceding noun or verb. diff --git a/content/particle/01.md b/content/particle/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 401c5b1..0000000 --- a/content/particle/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Particles are auxiliary words that do not fit into any strict grammatical categorization. They often mark grammatical structures and/or show how other words within a sentence are related to each other. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle/02.md b/content/particle/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index ab6cc5f..0000000 --- a/content/particle/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Particles are auxiliary words in a language that do not describe or refer to a specific object or action. Rather, they either describe how the other words in a sentence relate to each other, or emphasize a particular word or aspect of meaning within a sentence. Some Hebrew particles are prefixes that are attached to another word. Some particles are extremely flexible in their meaning and can also serve other functions within a sentence, especially as conjunctions or adverbs. For example, the word כִּי can function as either a particle or a conjunction; the word עַתָּה can function as either a particle or an adverb; and there are others as well. - -In Biblical Hebrew, particles are sometimes paired together to form compound conjunctions. Compound conjunctions are best understood as a single unit with its own range of meanings which may or may not overlap with the meanings of the individual particles themselves. When in doubt, it is recommended to consult and dictionary or lexicon to determine whether any particular occurrence of a particle stands alone or as part of a compound conjunction. - -NOTE: The classification of these words (i.e. words called "particles" in this grammar) is a subject of much debate among Hebrew linguists. This is true even for particles which have a clear meaning and function. Other parsing systems may have different names for these groups of particles, may have different groupings, or may even parse an individual particle as another kind of word such as a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), an [adverb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md), a [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md), or others. - -## Types -The parsing system used by this grammar identifies the following types of particles: - -### [Affirmation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_affirmation/02.md) -These particles usually convey a sense of "affirmation of" or "addition to" some idea within the sentence. In English, they are commonly translated using words such as "yes" or "also" or "even" or "really", etc. - -### [Definite article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md) -This is a prefix that makes a word [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md) (or determined). - -### [Demonstrative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_demonstrative/02.md) -These particles focus the attention of the reader/listener to the word, phrase, or sentence that immediately follows. In English, they are commonly translated using words such as "See!" or "Look!" or "Behold!", etc. - -### [Direct object marker](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_direct_object_marker/02.md) -This particle precedes the direct object in a sentence, used especially in places where there might be confusion. - -### [Exhortation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_exhortation/02.md) -Exhortation particles are used to emphasize or strengthen a request or command. They are often left untranslated in English. - -### [Interjection](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_interjection/02.md) -These particles are exclamations of emotion. In English, they are commonly translated using words such as "Oh!" or "Woe!" or "Aha!", etc. - -### [Interrogative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_interrogative/02.md) -This prefix indicates that the sentence is a question and not a statement. - -### [Negative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_negative/02.md) -These particles negate some word in the sentnce, usually a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), or [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md). - -### [Relative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_relative/02.md) -These particles introduce a relative clause or phrase, often more fully describing a preceding noun or verb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle/title.md b/content/particle/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 564a219..0000000 --- a/content/particle/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_affirmation.rst b/content/particle_affirmation.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b3a0e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_affirmation.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1095 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_affirmation.rst + +.. _particle_affirmation: + +Particle Affirmation +==================== + +Summary +------- + +Affirmation particles express a sense of "addition to" or "affirmation +of" something in a text. + +Article +------- + +Biblical Hebrew contains three major particles that, used either +individually or in combination, express an "affirmation of" or "addition +to" some aspect of the text. These particles can have a scope as narrow +as a single word or phrase, or as broad as an entire sentence or +paragraph. + +אַף +--- + +This word is flexible in meaning; sometimes it appears to function more +like a :ref:`conjunction` and sometimes more like an :ref:`adverb`. +This word does not have a single translation value, but must be +translated with great sensitivity to its context. In English, אַף is +often translated with a family of different words, including "also", +"even", "only", "truly", and/or other terms that can convey the general +concepts of affirmation or addition. Sometimes it is left untranslated, +in instances where there is no satisfactory way to communicate the sense +of the word as used in its specific context. + +- ISA 40:24 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַ֣ף בַּל־נִטָּ֗עוּ **אַ֚ף** בַּל־זֹרָ֔עוּ **אַ֛ף** בַּל־שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ + בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'af** bal-nitta'u **'af** bal-zora'u **'af** bal-shoresh ba'arets + giz'am + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Really** not\_they-are-planted **really** not\_they-are-sown + **really** not\_taken-root in-the-earth their-stem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **See**, they are barely planted; **see**, they are barely sown; + **see**, their stem has barely taken root in the earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 65:14 (PSA 65:13 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יִ֝תְרוֹעֲע֗וּ **אַף**\ ־יָשִֽׁירוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yithro'a'u **'af**-yashiru + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They-shout-for-joy **yes**\ \_they-sing. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They shout for joy, **and** they sing. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 40:16 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף **אַף**\ ־אֲנִי֙ בַּחֲלוֹמִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer 'el-yosef **'af**-'aniy bahalomi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-said to\_Joseph **also**\ \_I in-my-dream + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + he also said to Joseph, "I **also** had a dream + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 14:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַף־עַל־זֶ֭ה פָּקַ֣חְתָּ עֵינֶ֑ךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'af**-'al-zeh paqahta 'enekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Even**\ \_on\_this you-open your-eyes + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh, why do you keep watching me to see if I am doing something + that is wrong? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +גַּם +---- + +Like אַף, this word appears to function sometimes more like a +:ref:`conjunction` and sometimes more like an :ref:`adverb`. +This word does not have a single translation value, but must be +translated with great sensitivity to its context. In English, גַּם is +often translated with a family of different words, including "also", +"indeed", "even", and/or other terms that can convey the general +concepts of affirmation or addition. + +- GEN 27:33 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + גַּם־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **gam**-barukh yihyeh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Indeed**\ \_blessed he. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Indeed**, he will be blessed. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 21:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַדּ֣וּעַ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִחְי֑וּ עָ֝תְק֗וּ **גַּם**\ ־גָּ֥בְרוּ חָֽיִל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + maddua' resha'im yihyu 'othqu **gam**-gavru hayil + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Why wicked live become-old **yes**\ \_become-mighty power? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, **also** grow + mighty in power? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +כִּי +---- + +NOTE: כִּי is one of the most flexible words in Biblical Hebrew in terms +of its meaning. It can function either as a conjunction or as a +particle, with many different potential meanings. If in doubt, it is +recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon to confirm how +the word is being used in any specific instance. + +- EXO 3:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ **כִּֽי**\ ־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer **ki**-'eheyeh 'immakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-said **yes**\ \_I-will-be with-you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God replied, "I will **certainly** be with you." + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אַף כִּי +-------- + +When paired together, these two particles function as a single unit, +expressing a strong sense of affirmation or addition. Again, this +compound particle must be translated with extreme sensitivity to the +context in order to convey its precise nuance. + +- GEN 3:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַ֚ף כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'af ki**-'amar 'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **really**\ \_has-said God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + has God **really** said + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אִם (after oath formulas) +------------------------- + +When the word אִם follows oath formulas, it functions as an affirmation +particle to strengthen the force of the oath, either negatively (as אִם +alone) or positively (as אִם־לֹא). + +- GEN 42:15 —— expressing emphatic negation + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + חֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ **אִם**\ ־תֵּצְא֣וּ מִזֶּ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + he far'oh **'im**-tetse'u mizzeh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + life-of pharaoh **if**\ \_you-will-go-out from-this + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **by** the life of Pharaoh, you will not leave here + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NUM 14:28 –– expressing emphatic affirmation + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + חַי־אָ֨נִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה **אִם**\ ־לֹ֕א + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hay-'aniy ne'um-yehwah **'im**-lo + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + alive\_I saying-of\_Yahweh **if**\ \_not + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + '**as** I live,' says Yahweh, '(...) I will + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_affirmation/01.md b/content/particle_affirmation/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9edbedf..0000000 --- a/content/particle_affirmation/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Affirmation particles express a sense of "addition to" or "affirmation of" something in a text. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_affirmation/02.md b/content/particle_affirmation/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index b00d026..0000000 --- a/content/particle_affirmation/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,190 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Biblical Hebrew contains three major particles that, used either individually or in combination, express an "affirmation of" or "addition to" some aspect of the text. These particles can have a scope as narrow as a single word or phrase, or as broad as an entire sentence or paragraph. - -## אַף -This word is flexible in meaning; sometimes it appears to function more like a [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md) and sometimes more like an [adverb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md#-3). This word does not have a single translation value, but must be translated with great sensitivity to its context. In English, אַף is often translated with a family of different words, including "also", "even", "only", "truly", and/or other terms that can convey the general concepts of affirmation or addition. Sometimes it is left untranslated, in instances where there is no satisfactory way to communicate the sense of the word as used in its specific context. - -* ISA 40:24 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַ֣ף בַּל־נִטָּ֗עוּ **אַ֚ף** בַּל־זֹרָ֔עוּ **אַ֛ף** בַּל־שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם
**'af** bal-nitta'u **'af** bal-zora'u **'af** bal-shoresh ba'arets giz'am
**Really** not_they-are-planted **really** not_they-are-sown **really** not_taken-root in-the-earth their-stem
**See**, they are barely planted; **see**, they are barely sown; **see**, their stem has barely taken root in the earth
- -* PSA 65:14 (PSA 65:13 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יִ֝תְרוֹעֲע֗וּ **אַף**־יָשִֽׁירוּ
yithro'a'u **'af**-yashiru
They-shout-for-joy **yes**_they-sing.
They shout for joy, **and** they sing.
- -* GEN 40:16 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף **אַף**־אֲנִי֙ בַּחֲלוֹמִ֔י
wayyomer 'el-yosef **'af**-'aniy bahalomi
and-he-said to\_Joseph **also**\_I in-my-dream
he also said to Joseph, "I **also** had a dream
- -* JOB 14:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַף־עַל־זֶ֭ה פָּקַ֣חְתָּ עֵינֶ֑ךָ
**'af**-'al-zeh paqahta 'enekha
**Even**\_on_this you-open your-eyes
Yahweh, why do you keep watching me to see if I am doing something that is wrong?
- -## גַּם -Like אַף, this word appears to function sometimes more like a [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md) and sometimes more like an [adverb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md#-2). This word does not have a single translation value, but must be translated with great sensitivity to its context. In English, גַּם is often translated with a family of different words, including "also", "indeed", "even", and/or other terms that can convey the general concepts of affirmation or addition. - -* GEN 27:33 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
גַּם־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה
**gam**-barukh yihyeh
**Indeed**_blessed he.
**Indeed**, he will be blessed.
- -* JOB 21:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַדּ֣וּעַ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִחְי֑וּ עָ֝תְק֗וּ **גַּם**־גָּ֥בְרוּ חָֽיִל
maddua' resha'im yihyu 'othqu **gam**-gavru hayil
Why wicked live become-old **yes**_become-mighty power?
Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, **also** grow mighty in power?
- - -## כִּי - -NOTE: כִּי is one of the most flexible words in Biblical Hebrew in terms of its meaning. It can function either as a conjunction or as a particle, with many different potential meanings. If in doubt, it is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon to confirm how the word is being used in any specific instance. - -* EXO 3:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ **כִּֽי**־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ
wayyomer **ki**-'eheyeh 'immakh
And-he-said **yes**_I-will-be with-you.
God replied, "I will **certainly** be with you."
- -## אַף כִּי - -When paired together, these two particles function as a single unit, expressing a strong sense of affirmation or addition. Again, this compound particle must be translated with extreme sensitivity to the context in order to convey its precise nuance. - -* GEN 3:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַ֚ף כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים
**'af ki**-'amar 'elohim
**really**_has-said God
has God **really** said
- -## אִם (after oath formulas) -When the word אִם follows oath formulas, it functions as an affirmation particle to strengthen the force of the oath, either negatively (as אִם alone) or positively (as אִם־לֹא). - -* GEN 42:15 —— expressing emphatic negation - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
חֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ **אִם**־תֵּצְא֣וּ מִזֶּ֔ה
he far'oh **'im**-tetse'u mizzeh
life-of pharaoh **if**_you-will-go-out from-this
**by** the life of Pharaoh, you will not leave here
- -* NUM 14:28 –– expressing emphatic affirmation - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
חַי־אָ֨נִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה **אִם**־לֹ֕א
hay-'aniy ne'um-yehwah **'im**-lo
alive_I saying-of_Yahweh **if**_not
'**as** I live,' says Yahweh, '(...) I will
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_affirmation/title.md b/content/particle_affirmation/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1d25cc1..0000000 --- a/content/particle_affirmation/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Affirmation \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_definite_article.rst b/content/particle_definite_article.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2120f76 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_definite_article.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_definite_article.rst + +.. _particle_definite_article: + +Particle Definite Article +========================= + +Summary +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, the definite article (the prefix הַ) is added to a +word to make that word definite, i.e. in the *determined* state. + +Article +------- + +The use of the definite article is one of the ways that a word can be +made definite (i.e. in the :ref:`state_determined`) +in Biblical Hebrew. The definite article is not an independent word but +the prefix הַ (he with pathah), usually accompanied by a daghesh in the +next consonant. The definite article normally takes the pathah vowel, +but that vowel can shift (usually either lengthening to qamets or +shortening to seghol) depending on the placement of the accent and/or +gutteral consonants within the word. + +The definite article does not have any specific function other than to +indicate that a particular word is in the determined state. The definite +article is usually translated as "the" in English. However, the rules +governing the "definiteness" of words vary in different languages, so +this particle must always be translated in accordance with the +convention(s) of each individual language. + +NOTE: The definite article is only rarely found in Hebrew poetry. This +may have been done for the sake of rhythmic meter, since the article +almost always adds a syllable to a word. In Hebrew poetry, words can be +in the determined state even without the definite article. Therefore, in +Hebrew poetry, often the state (construct, absolute, or determined) of a +particular word must be determined by the context. + +Standard form +------------- + +With pathah vowel, and daghesh in the following consonant +''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +(a) horse + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + noun + definite article + + .. raw:: html + + + + הַסּוּס + + .. raw:: html + + + + hassus + + .. raw:: html + + + + the horse + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Alternate forms +--------------- + +With pathah vowel, no daghesh in gutteral consonant +''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +חֹשֶׁק + +.. raw:: html + + + +hosheq + +.. raw:: html + + + +darkness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַחֹשֶׁק + +.. raw:: html + + + +hahosheq + +.. raw:: html + + + +the darkness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Vowel lengthens to qamets, no daghesh in gutteral consonant +''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +אִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +(a) man + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + noun + definite article + + .. raw:: html + + + + הָאִישׁ + + .. raw:: html + + + + ha'ish + + .. raw:: html + + + + the man + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Vowel shortens to seghol, no daghesh in gutteral consonant +'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +עָפָר + +.. raw:: html + + + +'afar + +.. raw:: html + + + +dust + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֶעָפָר + +.. raw:: html + + + +he'afar + +.. raw:: html + + + +the dust + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +Deleted content: + +The definite article can be attached to a common +:ref:`noun_common`, +an +:ref:`adjective`, +a :ref:`pronoun_demonstrative`, +or a +:ref:`participle`. + +**Some examples of a change of the initial vowel to a qamets** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶרֶץ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'erets + +.. raw:: html + + + +earth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָאָרֶץ + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'arets + +.. raw:: html + + + +the earth + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲרוֹן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'aron + +.. raw:: html + + + +ark + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָאָרוֹן + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'aron + +.. raw:: html + + + +the ark + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +עַם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'am + +.. raw:: html + + + +people + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָעָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'am + +.. raw:: html + + + +the people + +.. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_definite_article/01.md b/content/particle_definite_article/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6258067..0000000 --- a/content/particle_definite_article/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Biblical Hebrew, the definite article (the prefix הַ) is added to a word to make that word definite, i.e. in the *determined* state. diff --git a/content/particle_definite_article/02.md b/content/particle_definite_article/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 63da889..0000000 --- a/content/particle_definite_article/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The use of the definite article is one of the ways that a word can be made definite (i.e. in the [determined state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md)) in Biblical Hebrew. The definite article is not an independent word but the prefix הַ (he with pathah), usually accompanied by a daghesh in the next consonant. The definite article normally takes the pathah vowel, but that vowel can shift (usually either lengthening to qamets or shortening to seghol) depending on the placement of the accent and/or gutteral consonants within the word. - -The definite article does not have any specific function other than to indicate that a particular word is in the determined state. The definite article is usually translated as "the" in English. However, the rules governing the "definiteness" of words vary in different languages, so this particle must always be translated in accordance with the convention(s) of each individual language. - -NOTE: The definite article is only rarely found in Hebrew poetry. This may have been done for the sake of rhythmic meter, since the article almost always adds a syllable to a word. In Hebrew poetry, words can be in the determined state even without the definite article. Therefore, in Hebrew poetry, often the state (construct, absolute, or determined) of a particular word must be determined by the context. - - - -## Standard form - -##### With pathah vowel, and daghesh in the following consonant - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounסוּסsus(a) horse
noun + definite articleהַסּוּסhassusthe horse
- -## Alternate forms - -##### With pathah vowel, no daghesh in gutteral consonant - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounחֹשֶׁקhosheqdarkness
noun + definite articleהַחֹשֶׁקhahosheqthe darkness
- -##### Vowel lengthens to qamets, no daghesh in gutteral consonant - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounאִישׁ'ish(a) man
noun + definite articleהָאִישׁha'ishthe man
- -##### Vowel shortens to seghol, no daghesh in gutteral consonant - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounעָפָר'afardust
noun + definite articleהֶעָפָרhe'afarthe dust
- - - ----------------------------- - -Deleted content: - -The definite article can be attached to a common [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md), an [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), a [demonstrative pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md), or a [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle/02.md). - -**Some examples of a change of the initial vowel to a qamets** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounאֶרֶץ'eretsearth
noun + definite articleהָאָרֶץha'aretsthe earth
nounאֲרוֹן'aronark
noun + definite articleהָאָרוֹןha'aronthe ark
nounעַם'ampeople
noun + definite articleהָעָםha'amthe people
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_definite_article/title.md b/content/particle_definite_article/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6cb2b77..0000000 --- a/content/particle_definite_article/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Definite Article \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_demonstrative.rst b/content/particle_demonstrative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4482e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_demonstrative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_demonstrative.rst + +.. _particle_demonstrative: + +Particle Demonstrative +====================== + +Summary +------- + +Demonstrative particles are used to draw attention to the reader or the +listener. + +Article +------- + +Hebrew only has a few demonstrative particles, the two most common ones +are הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן. This particle can be preceded by a conjunction. +While הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן are often translated, the function of a +demonstrative particle is to draw attention to what comes immediately +after it. Because the purpose of this particle is often to draw the +attention of the reader to the following word, the particle itself can +often be left untranslated. This is similar to the :ref:`particle_direct_object_marker` +in the sense that the point of a demonstrative particle is often its +function and not necessarily its translation value. + +Function +-------- + +Independently +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The demonstrative particle occurs at the beginning of a clause + +- JOS 3:11 - in front of a verbal clause + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִנֵּה֙ אֲרֹ֣ון הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲדֹ֖ון כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֹבֵ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם + בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hinneh** 'arown habberith 'adown kol-ha'arets 'over lifnekhem + bayyarden + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Look** ark-of the-covenant-of lord-of all\_the-earth is-crossing + before-you into-the-Jordan. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Look!** The ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth + crosses over ahead of you into the Jordan. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 40:10 - in front of a verbless clause + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרֹו֙ אִתֹּ֔ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hinneh** sekharow 'ittow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Loook** his-reward with-him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **See**, his reward is with him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +With a :ref:`suffix_pronominal` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- ISA 65:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ **הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי** אֶל־גֹּ֖וי לֹֽא־קֹרָ֥א + בִשְׁמִֽי׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'amartiy **hinneni hinneni** 'el-gowy lo-qora vishmi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-said **look-me look-me** to\_nation not\_called by-my-name. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I said, "**Here I am! Here I am!**" to a nation that did not call on + my name. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_demonstrative/01.md b/content/particle_demonstrative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index b14f8d6..0000000 --- a/content/particle_demonstrative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Demonstrative particles are used to draw attention to the reader or the listener. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_demonstrative/02.md b/content/particle_demonstrative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 708d382..0000000 --- a/content/particle_demonstrative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Hebrew only has a few demonstrative particles, the two most common ones are הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן. This particle can be preceded by a conjunction. While הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן are often translated, the function of a demonstrative particle is to draw attention to what comes immediately after it. Because the purpose of this particle is often to draw the attention of the reader to the following word, the particle itself can often be left untranslated. This is similar to the [direct object marker](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/particle_direct_object_marker/02.md) in the sense that the point of a demonstrative particle is often its function and not necessarily its translation value. - -## Function -### Independently -The demonstrative particle occurs at the beginning of a clause - -* JOS 3:11 - in front of a verbal clause - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִנֵּה֙ אֲרֹ֣ון הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲדֹ֖ון כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֹבֵ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
**hinneh** 'arown habberith 'adown kol-ha'arets 'over lifnekhem bayyarden
**Look** ark-of the-covenant-of lord-of all_the-earth is-crossing before-you into-the-Jordan.
**Look!** The ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth crosses over ahead of you into the Jordan.
- -* ISA 40:10 - in front of a verbless clause - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרֹו֙ אִתֹּ֔ו
**hinneh** sekharow 'ittow
**Loook** his-reward with-him
**See**, his reward is with him
- -### With a [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) - -* ISA 65:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ **הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי** אֶל־גֹּ֖וי לֹֽא־קֹרָ֥א בִשְׁמִֽי׃
'amartiy **hinneni hinneni** 'el-gowy lo-qora vishmi
I-said **look-me look-me** to_nation not_called by-my-name.
I said, "**Here I am! Here I am!**" to a nation that did not call on my name.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_demonstrative/title.md b/content/particle_demonstrative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index bc1018e..0000000 --- a/content/particle_demonstrative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Demonstrative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_direct_object_marker.rst b/content/particle_direct_object_marker.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f055ea6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_direct_object_marker.rst @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_direct_object_marker.rst + +.. _particle_direct_object_marker: + +Particle Direct Object Marker +============================= + +Summary +------- + +This particle precedes the noun that functions as the direct object of a +verb. + +Article +------- + +As the name suggests, this particle indicates the direct object of some +verb. It does this by directly preceding the +:ref:`noun` +or phrase that functions as the direct object of a finite or non-finite +:ref:`verb`. +The direct object marker does not occur before *every* direct object, +but it usually appears in places where there might be confusion. Thus, +grammatically speaking, the direct object marker is optional in Biblical +Hebrew. Many languages, including English, do not have any specific word +or written symbol that serves a similar function. Therefore, this +particle is usually not translated. + +The standard form of the direct object marker is אֵת. It can take both +the attached +:ref:`conjunction` +(i.e. the *waw* prefix, "and") and/or a :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. + +NOTE: the direct object marker is easily confused with the preposition +אֵת ("with") which has an identical standard form. When taking a +pronominal suffix, however, the two words can be distinguished by the +vowel they each select. The direct object marker takes a holem/holem-waw +vowel with an attached suffix (אוֹתִי or אֹתִי), whereas the preposition +takes a hireq vowel (אִתִּי) with an attached suffix. + +- GEN 1:1 –– marking individual nouns as direct objects + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים **אֵ֥ת** הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם **וְאֵ֥ת** הָאָֽרֶץ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ara 'elohim **'eth** hashamayim **we'eth** ha'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + he-created God **[dir.obj]** the-heavens **and-[dir.obj]** the-earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God created the heavens and the earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:29 –– marking an entire phrase as the direct object + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם **אֶת**\ ־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב׀ זֹרֵ֣עַ זֶ֗רַע + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + nathatti lakhem **'eth**-kol-'esev zorea' zera' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-have-given to-you **[dir.obj]**\ \_every\_plant seeding seed + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I have given you every plant yielding seed + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 2:10 –– marking the direct object of a non-finite verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְנָהָרּ֙ יֹצֵ֣א מֵעֵ֔דֶן לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת **אֶת**\ ־הַגָּ֑ן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wenahar yotse me'eden lehashqoth **'eth**-haggan + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-a-river going-out from-Eden to-irrigate + **[dir.obj]**\ \_the-garden + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + A river went out of Eden to water the garden. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 10:13 –– with 1st common singular pronominal suffix + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yet you abandoned me + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_direct_object_marker/01.md b/content/particle_direct_object_marker/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a423b00..0000000 --- a/content/particle_direct_object_marker/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -This particle precedes the noun that functions as the direct object of a verb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_direct_object_marker/02.md b/content/particle_direct_object_marker/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ad5afd..0000000 --- a/content/particle_direct_object_marker/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -## Article -As the name suggests, this particle indicates the direct object of some verb. It does this by directly preceding the [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) or phrase that functions as the direct object of a finite or non-finite [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md). The direct object marker does not occur before *every* direct object, but it usually appears in places where there might be confusion. Thus, grammatically speaking, the direct object marker is optional in Biblical Hebrew. Many languages, including English, do not have any specific word or written symbol that serves a similar function. Therefore, this particle is usually not translated. - -The standard form of the direct object marker is אֵת. It can take both the attached [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md) (i.e. the *waw* prefix, "and") and/or a [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). - -NOTE: the direct object marker is easily confused with the preposition אֵת ("with") which has an identical standard form. When taking a pronominal suffix, however, the two words can be distinguished by the vowel they each select. The direct object marker takes a holem/holem-waw vowel with an attached suffix (אוֹתִי or אֹתִי), whereas the preposition takes a hireq vowel (אִתִּי) with an attached suffix. - - -* GEN 1:1 –– marking individual nouns as direct objects - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים **אֵ֥ת** הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם **וְאֵ֥ת** הָאָֽרֶץ׃
ara 'elohim **'eth** hashamayim **we'eth** ha'arets
he-created God **[dir.obj]** the-heavens **and-[dir.obj]** the-earth
God created the heavens and the earth
- -* GEN 1:29 –– marking an entire phrase as the direct object - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם **אֶת**־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב׀ זֹרֵ֣עַ זֶ֗רַע
nathatti lakhem **'eth**-kol-'esev zorea' zera'
I-have-given to-you **[dir.obj]**_every_plant seeding seed
I have given you every plant yielding seed
- -* GEN 2:10 –– marking the direct object of a non-finite verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְנָהָרּ֙ יֹצֵ֣א מֵעֵ֔דֶן לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת **אֶת**־הַגָּ֑ן
wenahar yotse me'eden lehashqoth **'eth**-haggan
And-a-river going-out from-Eden to-irrigate **[dir.obj]**_the-garden
A river went out of Eden to water the garden.
- -* JDG 10:13 –– with 1st common singular pronominal suffix - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י
we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi**
And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me**
Yet you abandoned me
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_direct_object_marker/title.md b/content/particle_direct_object_marker/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1b7219c..0000000 --- a/content/particle_direct_object_marker/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Direct Object Marker \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_exhortation.rst b/content/particle_exhortation.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b07548c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_exhortation.rst @@ -0,0 +1,571 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_exhortation.rst + +.. _particle_exhortation: + +Particle Exhortation +==================== + +Summary +------- + +Exhortative particles are small words that can be translated as a sigh +("och", or "ah"), an interjection ("now", or "please"), or left +untranslated. + +Article +------- + +Exhortation +:ref:`particle` +are words that add emotive force to a command or request. These +particles are more specific than +:ref:`particle_interjection` +but are in nature quite similar; the difference is that an exhortation +particle strengthens a specific call to action, while an interjection is +a more general expression of emotion. + +נָא +--- + +When used with a command, נָא is usually translated as "now" in English +(or left untranslated). + +- ISA 51:21 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְעִי־\ **נָ֥א** זֹ֖את + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lakhen shim'i-\ **na** zoth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Therefore listen\_\ **now** this + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But **now** hear this + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +When used as part of a request, נָא is usually translated as "please" in +English (or left untranslated). + +- AMO 7:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ סְֽלַֽח־נָ֔א + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'adonay yehwih selah-\ **na** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Lord Yahweh forgive\_\ **please** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Lord Yahweh, **please** forgive + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +In some instances a translation with "now", "please", or "oh" is +possible, but not necessary. The emotive context of each attestation +must determine whether to render the word in translation or to leave it +untranslated. + +- JON 1:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַל־\ **נָ֣א** נֹאבְדָ֗ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'al-**na** novedah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + not\_\ **now** let-us-perish + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + do not let us perish + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אָנָּא +------ + +This is an even stronger and more emotive form of the particle נָא. The +two particles are sometimes paired together to express extreme urgency +or desperation, as in the example below. In some instances, this +particle could also be classified as an +:ref:`particle_interjection`. + +- PSA 118:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָנָּ֣א יְ֭הוָה הֹושִׁ֘יעָ֥ה **נָּ֑א אָֽנָּ֥א** יְ֝הוָ֗ה הַצְלִ֘יחָ֥ה + **נָּֽא**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'onna** yehwah howshi'ah **na 'anna** yehwah hatslihah **na** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Please** Yahweh give-help **oh please** Yahweh make-succeed **oh!** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Please**, Yahweh, give us victory\ **! Please**, Yahweh, give us + success\ **!** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +בִּי +---- + +NOTE: This particle appears the same but should not be confused with the +preposition בְּ with 1st common singular :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. + +When paired with a vocative, the word בִּי strengthens the emotive force +of the statement that follows. It is used for addressing someone who is +superior. In English, it can be translated as "oh" or "pray" or +"please", etc. + +- 1KI 3:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֗י תְּנוּ־לָהּ֙ אֶת־הַיָּל֣וּד הַחַ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **bi** 'adoni tenu-lah 'eth-hayyalud hahay + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Oh** my-master give\_to-her [dir.obj]\_the-child living + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Oh**, my master, give her the living child + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_exhortation/01.md b/content/particle_exhortation/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 144da80..0000000 --- a/content/particle_exhortation/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Exhortative particles are small words that can be translated as a sigh ("och", or "ah"), an interjection ("now", or "please"), or left untranslated. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_exhortation/02.md b/content/particle_exhortation/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9da8725..0000000 --- a/content/particle_exhortation/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,104 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Exhortation [particles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/02.md) are words that add emotive force to a command or request. These particles are more specific than [interjections](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_interjection/02.md) but are in nature quite similar; the difference is that an exhortation particle strengthens a specific call to action, while an interjection is a more general expression of emotion. - -## נָא -When used with a command, נָא is usually translated as "now" in English (or left untranslated). - -* ISA 51:21 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְעִי־**נָ֥א** זֹ֖את
lakhen shim'i-**na** zoth
Therefore listen_**now** this
But **now** hear this
- -When used as part of a request, נָא is usually translated as "please" in English (or left untranslated). - -* AMO 7:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ סְֽלַֽח־נָ֔א
'adonay yehwih selah-**na**
Lord Yahweh forgive_**please**
Lord Yahweh, **please** forgive
- -In some instances a translation with "now", "please", or "oh" is possible, but not necessary. The emotive context of each attestation must determine whether to render the word in translation or to leave it untranslated. - -* JON 1:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַל־**נָ֣א** נֹאבְדָ֗ה
'al-**na** novedah
not_**now** let-us-perish
do not let us perish
- -## אָנָּא - -This is an even stronger and more emotive form of the particle נָא. The two particles are sometimes paired together to express extreme urgency or desperation, as in the example below. In some instances, this particle could also be classified as an [interjection](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_interjection/02.md). - -* PSA 118:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָנָּ֣א יְ֭הוָה הֹושִׁ֘יעָ֥ה **נָּ֑א אָֽנָּ֥א** יְ֝הוָ֗ה הַצְלִ֘יחָ֥ה **נָּֽא**׃
**'onna** yehwah howshi'ah **na 'anna** yehwah hatslihah **na**
**Please** Yahweh give-help **oh please** Yahweh make-succeed **oh!**
**Please**, Yahweh, give us victory**! Please**, Yahweh, give us success**!**
- -## בִּי - -NOTE: This particle appears the same but should not be confused with the preposition בְּ with 1st common singular [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). - -When paired with a vocative, the word בִּי strengthens the emotive force of the statement that follows. It is used for addressing someone who is superior. In English, it can be translated as "oh" or "pray" or "please", etc. - -* 1KI 3:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֗י תְּנוּ־לָהּ֙ אֶת־הַיָּל֣וּד הַחַ֔י
**bi** 'adoni tenu-lah 'eth-hayyalud hahay
**Oh** my-master give_to-her [dir.obj]_the-child living
**Oh**, my master, give her the living child
diff --git a/content/particle_exhortation/title.md b/content/particle_exhortation/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 54cbe4b..0000000 --- a/content/particle_exhortation/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Exhortation \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_interjection.rst b/content/particle_interjection.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbb3042 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_interjection.rst @@ -0,0 +1,445 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_interjection.rst + +.. _particle_interjection: + +Particle Interjection +===================== + +Summary +------- + +An interjection is an auxiliary word that expresses strong emotion. + +Article +------- + +As in many other languages, interjections in Biblical Hebrew are most +likely "natural sounds", i.e. vocal gestures or sounds that a person +utters when experiencing certain emotions. Interjections can be used to +express both positive and negative emotions; but in the Hebrew Bible, it +is usually some kind of sadness. There is a whole family of +interjections in Biblical Hebrew, and none of them occur very +frequently. + +הָהּ or אֲהָהּ +-------------- + +- EZE 30:2 –– expressing strong fear or anger + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֵילִ֖ילוּ **הָ֥הּ** לַיֹּֽום׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + helilu **hah** layyowm + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Wail **ah** to-the-day! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Wail, "**Woe** is the coming day." + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +הוֹ +--- + +- AMO 5:16 –– expressing strong sadness or lament + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּבְכָל־חוּצֹ֖ות יֹאמְר֣וּ הֹו־הֹ֑ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + uvekhol-hutsowth yomeru **how-how** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-in-all\_outside they-wil-say **woe\_woe** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and they will say in all the streets, "**Woe! Woe!**" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +הֶאָח +----- + +- EZE 26:2 –– expressing strong joy or gloating + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֶאָ֔ח נִשְׁבְּרָ֛ה דַּלְתֹ֥ות הָעַמִּ֖ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **he'ah** nishberah dalthowth ha'ammim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Aha!** Broken doors-of the-people! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Aha!** The gates of the people are broken! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אָנָּא +------ + +This term can potentially function as an interjection, an :ref:`particle_exhortation`, +or perhaps both. + +- EXO 32:31 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'onna** hata ha'am hazzeh hata'ah gedolah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Oh** it-has-sinned the-people the-this sin great + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Oh**, these people have committed a great sin + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_interjection/01.md b/content/particle_interjection/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4cd455c..0000000 --- a/content/particle_interjection/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -An interjection is an auxiliary word that expresses strong emotion. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_interjection/02.md b/content/particle_interjection/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index ae48104..0000000 --- a/content/particle_interjection/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -## Article -As in many other languages, interjections in Biblical Hebrew are most likely "natural sounds", i.e. vocal gestures or sounds that a person utters when experiencing certain emotions. Interjections can be used to express both positive and negative emotions; but in the Hebrew Bible, it is usually some kind of sadness. There is a whole family of interjections in Biblical Hebrew, and none of them occur very frequently. - -## הָהּ or אֲהָהּ - -* EZE 30:2 –– expressing strong fear or anger - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֵילִ֖ילוּ **הָ֥הּ** לַיֹּֽום׃
helilu **hah** layyowm
Wail **ah** to-the-day!
Wail, "**Woe** is the coming day."
- -## הוֹ -* AMO 5:16 –– expressing strong sadness or lament - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּבְכָל־חוּצֹ֖ות יֹאמְר֣וּ הֹו־הֹ֑ו
uvekhol-hutsowth yomeru **how-how**
and-in-all_outside they-wil-say **woe_woe**
and they will say in all the streets, "**Woe! Woe!**"
- -## הֶאָח - -* EZE 26:2 –– expressing strong joy or gloating - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֶאָ֔ח נִשְׁבְּרָ֛ה דַּלְתֹ֥ות הָעַמִּ֖ים
**he'ah** nishberah dalthowth ha'ammim
**Aha!** Broken doors-of the-people!
**Aha!** The gates of the people are broken!
- -## אָנָּא - -This term can potentially function as an interjection, an [exhortation particle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/particle_exhortation/02.md), or perhaps both. - -* EXO 32:31 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה
**'onna** hata ha'am hazzeh hata'ah gedolah
**Oh** it-has-sinned the-people the-this sin great
**Oh**, these people have committed a great sin
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_interjection/title.md b/content/particle_interjection/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index c53ac25..0000000 --- a/content/particle_interjection/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Interjection \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_interrogative.rst b/content/particle_interrogative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..607abcd --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_interrogative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1922 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_interrogative.rst + +.. _particle_interrogative: + +Particle Interrogative +====================== + +Summary +------- + +The interrogative particle shows that a sentence is a question. + +Article +------- + +The interrogative particle can be a ה-prefix, but also appears in the +form of separate words such as מָה and מִי and לָמָה. The interrogative +particle typically appears at the beginning of a clause in order to +indicate that the following clause or sentence is a question. + +Form +---- + +The interrogative particle appearing a ה-prefix can be differentiated +from the :ref:`particle_definite_article` +by checking the context and also the vowels under the ה, and the lack of +a dagesh since the radical after the interrogative ה is not doubled. +Also, the definite article can only occur before +:ref:`adjective`, +:ref:`pronoun`, +and +:ref:`participle_active`, +while the interrogative particle can appear before other words as well. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +**With a standard noun** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַסּוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +hassus + +.. raw:: html + + + +the horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + interrogative particle + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֲסוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +hasus + +.. raw:: html + + + +a horse? + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**With a shewa under the first letter** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְרַגֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +meraggel + +.. raw:: html + + + +spy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַמְּרַגֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hammeraggel + +.. raw:: html + + + +the spy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + interrogative particle + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַמְרַגֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hamraggel + +.. raw:: html + + + +a spy? + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**With a first guttural** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +אִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +man + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָאִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +the man + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + interrogative particle + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַאִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +a man? + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**With a first guttural that has a qamets** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +אָב + +.. raw:: html + + + +'av + +.. raw:: html + + + +father + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָאָב + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'av + +.. raw:: html + + + +the father + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + interrogative particle + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֶאָב + +.. raw:: html + + + +he'av + +.. raw:: html + + + +a father? + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- GEN 43:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲיֵ֣שׁ לָכֶ֣ם אָ֔ח + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hayesh** lakhem 'ah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **[quest.]-is-there** to-you brother + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Do** you **have** a brother\ **?** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 20:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַאַתָּ֥ה יוֹאָ֖ב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ha'attah** yo'av + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **[quest.]-are-you** Joab + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Are you** Joab\ **?** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +איך and איכה +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +איך and איכה = how? why? how! + +- PSA 137:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ekh** nashir + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** will-we-sing + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** could we sing? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אי and איה +~~~~~~~~~~ + +אי and איה = where? where is? + +- GEN 4:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'e** hevel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** Abel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** is Abel? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +מָתַי +~~~~~ + +The major temporal adverb is מָתַי "when?" It is often in the +combination עַד־מָתַי "how long?" + +- JOB 7:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מָתַ֣י אָ֭קוּם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mathay** 'aqum + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **When** will-I-get-up + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How long will it be** until I get up? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 74:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַד־מָתַ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים יְחָ֣רֶף צָ֑ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ad-mathay** 'elohim yeharef tsar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How\_long** God will-throw-insults enemy + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God, **how long** will our enemies make fun of you? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה‮‬ +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה‮‬ "why?" + +- PSA 42:9 (PSA 42:10 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לָמָ֪ה שְׁכַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי **לָֽמָּה**\ ־קֹדֵ֥ר אֵלֵ֗ךְ בְּלַ֣חַץ + אוֹיֵֽב׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **lamah** shekhahtani **lammah**-qoder 'elekh belahats 'oyev + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Why** have-you-forgotten-me **why** mourning I-will-go + because-of-oppression-of enemy + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Why** have you forgotten me? You know the hardships that my enemies + bring on me. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +מַדּ֖וּעַ +~~~~~~~~~ + +מַדּ֖וּעַ why? + +- 2KI 8:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **maddua'** 'adoni vokheh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Why** my-master is-weeping + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Sir, **why** are you crying? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +עַד־אָן +~~~~~~~ + +עַד־אָן how long? + +- JOB 8:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַד־אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־אֵ֑לֶּה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ad-'an** temallel-'elleh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How\_long** will-you-say\_these-things + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How much longer** will you talk like this? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה from where? + +- 1SA 25:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי **אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה** הֵֽמָּה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + la'anashim 'asher lo yada'ti **'e mizzeh** hemmah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + to-men who not I-know **where from this** they. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + to men who come **from** I do not know **where**? + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_interrogative/01.md b/content/particle_interrogative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e4554a..0000000 --- a/content/particle_interrogative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The interrogative particle shows that a sentence is a question. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_interrogative/02.md b/content/particle_interrogative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d7cef1b..0000000 --- a/content/particle_interrogative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,259 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The interrogative particle can be a ה-prefix, but also appears in the form of separate words such as מָה and מִי and לָמָה. The interrogative particle typically appears at the beginning of a clause in order to indicate that the following clause or sentence is a question. - -## Form -The interrogative particle appearing a ה-prefix can be differentiated from the [definite article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md) by checking the context and also the vowels under the ה, and the lack of a dagesh since the radical after the interrogative ה is not doubled. Also, the definite article can only occur before [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md), [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), [pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/02.md), and [participles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md), while the interrogative particle can appear before other words as well. - - -### Paradigm - -**With a standard noun** - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounסוּסsushorse
noun + definite articleהַסּוּסhassusthe horse
noun + interrogative particleהֲסוּסhasusa horse?
- -**With a shewa under the first letter** - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounמְרַגֵּלmeraggelspy
noun + definite articleהַמְּרַגֵּלhammeraggelthe spy
noun + interrogative particleהַמְרַגֵּלhamraggela spy?
- -**With a first guttural** - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounאִישׁ'ishman
noun + definite articleהָאִישׁha'ishthe man
noun + interrogative particleהַאִישׁha'isha man?
- -**With a first guttural that has a qamets** - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
nounאָב'avfather
noun + definite articleהָאָבha'avthe father
noun + interrogative particleהֶאָבhe'ava father?
- -## Examples - -* GEN 43:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲיֵ֣שׁ לָכֶ֣ם אָ֔ח
**hayesh** lakhem 'ah
**[quest.]-is-there** to-you brother
**Do** you **have** a brother**?**
- -* 2SA 20:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַאַתָּ֥ה יוֹאָ֖ב
**ha'attah** yo'av
**[quest.]-are-you** Joab
**Are you** Joab**?**
- -### איך and איכה - -איך and איכה = how? why? how! - -* PSA 137:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר
**'ekh** nashir
**How** will-we-sing
**How** could we sing?
- -### אי and איה - -אי and איה = where? where is? - -* GEN 4:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל
**'e** hevel
**Where** Abel
**Where** is Abel?
- -### מָתַי - -The major temporal adverb is מָתַי "when?" It is often in the combination עַד־מָתַי "how long?" - -* JOB 7:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מָתַ֣י אָ֭קוּם
**mathay** 'aqum
**When** will-I-get-up
**How long will it be** until I get up?
- -* PSA 74:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַד־מָתַ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים יְחָ֣רֶף צָ֑ר
**'ad-mathay** 'elohim yeharef tsar
**How\_long** God will-throw-insults enemy
God, **how long** will our enemies make fun of you?
- -### לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה‮‬ - -לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה‮‬ "why?" - -* PSA 42:9 (PSA 42:10 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לָמָ֪ה שְׁכַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי **לָֽמָּה**־קֹדֵ֥ר אֵלֵ֗ךְ בְּלַ֣חַץ אוֹיֵֽב׃
**lamah** shekhahtani **lammah**-qoder 'elekh belahats 'oyev
**Why** have-you-forgotten-me **why** mourning I-will-go because-of-oppression-of enemy
**Why** have you forgotten me? You know the hardships that my enemies bring on me.
- -### מַדּ֖וּעַ -מַדּ֖וּעַ why? - -* 2KI 8:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה
**maddua'** 'adoni vokheh
**Why** my-master is-weeping
Sir, **why** are you crying?
- - - -### עַד־אָן -עַד־אָן how long? - -* JOB 8:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַד־אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־אֵ֑לֶּה
**'ad-'an** temallel-'elleh
**How\_long** will-you-say\_these-things
**How much longer** will you talk like this?
- -### אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה -אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה from where? - -* 1SA 25:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי **אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה** הֵֽמָּה׃
la'anashim 'asher lo yada'ti **'e mizzeh** hemmah
to-men who not I-know **where from this** they.
to men who come **from** I do not know **where**?
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_interrogative/title.md b/content/particle_interrogative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3aa40e0..0000000 --- a/content/particle_interrogative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Interrogative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_negative.rst b/content/particle_negative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e9abb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_negative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,879 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_negative.rst + +.. _particle_negative: + +Particle Negative +================= + +Summary +------- + +Negative particles are terms that negate a word or some aspect of a +sentence. + +Article +------- + +אַיִן or אֵין +------------- + +This term is used in verbless clauses to negate an entire clause or +sentence. It is sometimes classified as a :ref:`noun_common` +but usually appears in the :ref:`word_order`. +Literally, the term is translated in English as "there is no" or "there +is not"; but the English translation is often simplified to "is not" +(see example below). + +- ISA 45:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ **וְאֵ֣ין** עֹ֔וד זוּלָתִ֖י **אֵ֣ין** אֱלֹהִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ani yehwah **we'en** 'owd zulathi **'en** 'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I Yahweh **and-there-is-no** beside apart-from-me **there-is-no** + God. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I am Yahweh, **and there is no** other; **there is no** God but me. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2KI 1:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hamibbeli 'en**-'elohim beyisra'el + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **For-nothing is-there-no**\ \_God in-Israel? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Is it because **there is no** God in Israel? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 37:29 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהִנֵּ֥ה \ **אֵין**\ ־יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבּ֑וֹר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehinneh **'en**-yosef babbor + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-behold **there-is-no**\ \_Joseph in-the-pit + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and, behold, Joseph **was not** in the pit + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +לֹא +--- + +The word לֹא is the standard negative particle in Biblical Hebrew. This +term often negates verbs, but it has potential to negate other kinds of +words as well. In English, it is usually translated as "no" or "not". +When used with :ref:`person_second` +:ref:`verb_imperfect-direct-negative-commands` +verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a more +emphatic command than the use of the negative particle אַל. + +- GEN 2:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **lo** thokhal mimmennu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **not** you-eat from-it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you may **not** eat from it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אַל +--- + +The term אַַל is almost exclusively used to negate verbs; it is also the +standard particle used to negate jussive and cohortative verbs. When +used with :ref:`person_second` +:ref:`verb_imperfect` +verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a less +emphatic command than the use of the negative particle לֹא. + +- GEN 21:16 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַל־אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּמ֣וֹת הַיָּ֑לֶד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'al**-'er'eh bemoth hayyaled + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Not**\ \_I-will-look in-death-of the-child. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Let me **not** look upon the death of the child. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +בִּלְתִּי +--------- + +This term is used (especially with לְ) to negate :ref:`infinitive_construct` +verbs, and is usually translated in English as "no" or "not". NOTE: This +term is most often used as a concessive conjunction; a dictionary or +lexicon will indicate the specific use of this particle in each +individual context. + +- GEN 3:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + צִוִּיתִ֛יךָ \ **לְבִלְתִּ֥י** אֲכָל־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tsiwwithikha **leviltiy** 'akhol-mimmennu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-commanded-you **to-not** eat\_from-it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I commanded you **to not** eat from it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +בַּל or בְּלִי (sometimes בְּלֹא) +--------------------------------- + +These particles are usually used in poetry and carry no special meaning +other than to negate a word or concept within a sentence. In English, +they are usually translated as "no" or "not". + +- PSA 19:3 (PSA 19:4 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **beli** nishma' qolam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **not** is-heard their-voice + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + their voice is **not** heard + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NUM 35:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **belo** re'oth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **without** seeing + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **without** seeing + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_negative/01.md b/content/particle_negative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index e657e8d..0000000 --- a/content/particle_negative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Negative particles are terms that negate a word or some aspect of a sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_negative/02.md b/content/particle_negative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8eb92ef..0000000 --- a/content/particle_negative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,155 +0,0 @@ -## Article - - -## אַיִן or אֵין -This term is used in verbless clauses to negate an entire clause or sentence. It is sometimes classified as a [common noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md) but usually appears in the [verbal position](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/word_order/02.md). Literally, the term is translated in English as "there is no" or "there is not"; but the English translation is often simplified to "is not" (see example below). - -* ISA 45:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ **וְאֵ֣ין** עֹ֔וד זוּלָתִ֖י **אֵ֣ין** אֱלֹהִ֑ים
'ani yehwah **we'en** 'owd zulathi **'en** 'elohim
I Yahweh **and-there-is-no** beside apart-from-me **there-is-no** God.
I am Yahweh, **and there is no** other; **there is no** God but me.
- - -* 2KI 1:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
**hamibbeli 'en**-'elohim beyisra'el
**For-nothing is-there-no**_God in-Israel?
Is it because **there is no** God in Israel?
- -* GEN 37:29 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִנֵּ֥ה **אֵין**־יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבּ֑וֹר
wehinneh **'en**-yosef babbor
and-behold **there-is-no**_Joseph in-the-pit
and, behold, Joseph **was not** in the pit
- -## לֹא - -The word לֹא is the standard negative particle in Biblical Hebrew. This term often negates verbs, but it has potential to negate other kinds of words as well. In English, it is usually translated as "no" or "not". When used with [second person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md) [prefix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md#direct-negative-commands-especially-with--to-express-an-emphatic-prohibition) verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a more emphatic command than the use of the negative particle אַל. - -* GEN 2:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ
**lo** thokhal mimmennu
**not** you-eat from-it
you may **not** eat from it
- -## אַל -The term אַַל is almost exclusively used to negate verbs; it is also the standard particle used to negate jussive and cohortative verbs. When used with [second person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md) [prefix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md) verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a less emphatic command than the use of the negative particle לֹא. - -* GEN 21:16 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַל־אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּמ֣וֹת הַיָּ֑לֶד
**'al**-'er'eh bemoth hayyaled
**Not**_I-will-look in-death-of the-child.
Let me **not** look upon the death of the child.
- -## בִּלְתִּי -This term is used (especially with לְ) to negate [infinitive construct](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_construct/02.md) verbs, and is usually translated in English as "no" or "not". NOTE: This term is most often used as a concessive conjunction; a dictionary or lexicon will indicate the specific use of this particle in each individual context. - -* GEN 3:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
צִוִּיתִ֛יךָ **לְבִלְתִּ֥י** אֲכָל־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ
tsiwwithikha **leviltiy** 'akhol-mimmennu
I-commanded-you **to-not** eat_from-it
I commanded you **to not** eat from it
- -## בַּל or בְּלִי (sometimes בְּלֹא) -These particles are usually used in poetry and carry no special meaning other than to negate a word or concept within a sentence. In English, they are usually translated as "no" or "not". - -* PSA 19:3 (PSA 19:4 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם
**beli** nishma' qolam
**not** is-heard their-voice
their voice is **not** heard
- -* NUM 35:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת
**belo** re'oth
**without** seeing
**without** seeing
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_negative/title.md b/content/particle_negative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 606a821..0000000 --- a/content/particle_negative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Negative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_relative.rst b/content/particle_relative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c6e07f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_relative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,776 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_relative.rst + +.. _particle_relative: + +Particle Relative +================= + +Summary +------- + +Relative particles introduce phrases that describe nouns (and sometimes +adjectives or verbs). In English, they are usually translated as “who,” +“that,” “which,” "when," or "where." + +Article +------- + +Biblical Hebrew utilizes three different particles that introduce +relative phrases. The particle אֲשֶׁר and the prefix -שֶׁ should be +considered semantic equivalents; they usually immediately follow nouns, +and sometimes adjectives. When functioning as a relative particle, the +word כִּי usually immediately follows a verb of seeing or perceiving. + +אֲשֶׁר +------ + +אֲשֶׁר follows a +:ref:`noun` +and introduces a relative clause. Its translation depends on the noun. +For example, if the noun is a place, אֲשֶׁר means “where,” if the noun +is a person, it means “who”, and if the noun is an object, it means +“that”, “what” or “which.” + +- EXO 3:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַמָּק֗וֹם \ **אֲשֶׁ֤ר** אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hammaqom **'asher** 'attah 'omed 'alayw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the-place **where** you are-standing on-it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the place **where** you are standing + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 21:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּבֹא֩ אַחְאָ֨ב אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֜ו סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֗ף עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ + **אֲשֶׁר**\ ־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו נָבֹות֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyavo' 'ah'av 'el-bethow sar weza'ef 'al-haddavar **'asher**-dibber + 'elayw navowth hayyizre'eli + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-went-in Ahab to\_his-house resentful and-angry on\_the-word + **that**\ \_had-spoken to-him Naboth the-Jezreelite + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So Ahab went into his palace resentful and angry **because of** the + answer Naboth the Jezreelite gave him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Sometimes there is no noun as an antecedent. + +- NUM 22:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי אֵ֤ת \ **אֲשֶׁר**\ ־תְּבָרֵךְ֙ מְבֹרָ֔ךְ \ **וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר** תָּאֹ֖ר יוּאָֽר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki yada'ti 'eth **'asher**-tevarekh mevorakh **wa'asher** ta'or yu'ar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + For I-know [dir.obj] **whom**\ \_you-bless is-blessed **and-whom** + you-curse will-be-cursed. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + For I know that **whomever** you bless will be blessed, and + **whomever** you curse will be cursed. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +כִּי +---- + +NOTE: כִּי is one of the most flexible words in Biblical Hebrew in terms +of its meaning. It can function either as a conjunction or as a +particle, with many different potential meanings. If in doubt, it is +recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon to confirm how +the word is being used in any specific instance. + +Biblical Hebrew uses the particle כִּי to introduce relative clauses +that describe something that is seen, known, or somehow perceived by a +person. Therefore, כִּי usually follows verbs of seeing/perceiving where +a reader might expect to find אֲשֶׁר. In English, it is usually +translated as “that” in these cases. + +- GEN 1:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר **כִּי**\ ־ט֑וֹב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyar 'elohim 'eth-ha'or **ki**-tov + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-saw God [dir.obj]\_the-light **that**\ \_good + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God saw the light, **that** it was good. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 22:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי **כִּֽי**\ ־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'attah yada'ti **ki**-yere 'elohim 'attah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + now I-know **that**\ \_fearful-of God you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + now I know **that** you respect and obey God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-שֶׁ +---- + +-שֶׁ has the same function as אֲשֶׁר, but is a prefix. It also doubles +the next consonant and follows similar rules regarding the vowel +patterns as the :ref:`particle_definite_article`. + +- ECC 1:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֶל־מְקֹ֗ום \ **שֶׁ֤הַנְּחָלִים֙** הֹֽלְכִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'el-meqowm **shehannehalim** holekhim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + To\_place **where-the-rivers** go + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + To the place **where the rivers** go + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ECC 1:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַה־\ **שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙** ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mah-\ **shehayah** hu **sheyyihyeh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + What\_\ **that-has-been** that **which-will-be** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whatever has been** is **what will be** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/particle_relative/01.md b/content/particle_relative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9be340a..0000000 --- a/content/particle_relative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Relative particles introduce phrases that describe nouns (and sometimes adjectives or verbs). In English, they are usually translated as “who,” “that,” “which,” "when," or "where." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_relative/02.md b/content/particle_relative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 862605b..0000000 --- a/content/particle_relative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,136 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -Biblical Hebrew utilizes three different particles that introduce relative phrases. The particle אֲשֶׁר and the prefix -שֶׁ should be considered semantic equivalents; they usually immediately follow nouns, and sometimes adjectives. When functioning as a relative particle, the word כִּי usually immediately follows a verb of seeing or perceiving. - -## אֲשֶׁר - -אֲשֶׁר follows a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) and introduces a relative clause. Its translation depends on the noun. For example, if the noun is a place, אֲשֶׁר means “where,” if the noun is a person, it means “who”, and if the noun is an object, it means “that”, “what” or “which.” - -* EXO 3:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַמָּק֗וֹם **אֲשֶׁ֤ר** אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו
hammaqom **'asher** 'attah 'omed 'alayw
the-place **where** you are-standing on-it
the place **where** you are standing
- -* 1KI 21:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּבֹא֩ אַחְאָ֨ב אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֜ו סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֗ף עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ **אֲשֶׁר**־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו נָבֹות֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י
wayyavo' 'ah'av 'el-bethow sar weza'ef 'al-haddavar **'asher**-dibber 'elayw navowth hayyizre'eli
And-he-went-in Ahab to_his-house resentful and-angry on_the-word **that**_had-spoken to-him Naboth the-Jezreelite
So Ahab went into his palace resentful and angry **because of** the answer Naboth the Jezreelite gave him
- -Sometimes there is no noun as an antecedent. - -* NUM 22:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי אֵ֤ת **אֲשֶׁר**־תְּבָרֵךְ֙ מְבֹרָ֔ךְ **וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר** תָּאֹ֖ר יוּאָֽר
ki yada'ti 'eth **'asher**-tevarekh mevorakh **wa'asher** ta'or yu'ar
For I-know [dir.obj] **whom**_you-bless is-blessed **and-whom** you-curse will-be-cursed.
For I know that **whomever** you bless will be blessed, and **whomever** you curse will be cursed.
- -## כִּי -NOTE: כִּי is one of the most flexible words in Biblical Hebrew in terms of its meaning. It can function either as a conjunction or as a particle, with many different potential meanings. If in doubt, it is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon to confirm how the word is being used in any specific instance. - -Biblical Hebrew uses the particle כִּי to introduce relative clauses that describe something that is seen, known, or somehow perceived by a person. Therefore, כִּי usually follows verbs of seeing/perceiving where a reader might expect to find אֲשֶׁר. In English, it is usually translated as “that” in these cases. - -* GEN 1:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר **כִּי**־ט֑וֹב
wayyar 'elohim 'eth-ha'or **ki**-tov
And-he-saw God [dir.obj]_the-light **that**_good
God saw the light, **that** it was good.
- -* GEN 22:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי **כִּֽי**־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה
'attah yada'ti **ki**-yere 'elohim 'attah
now I-know **that**_fearful-of God you
now I know **that** you respect and obey God
- -## -שֶׁ --שֶׁ has the same function as אֲשֶׁר, but is a prefix. It also doubles the next consonant and follows similar rules regarding the vowel patterns as the [definite article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md). - -* ECC 1:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֶל־מְקֹ֗ום **שֶׁ֤הַנְּחָלִים֙** הֹֽלְכִ֔ים
'el-meqowm **shehannehalim** holekhim
To_place **where-the-rivers** go
To the place **where the rivers** go
- -* ECC 1:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַה־**שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙** ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה
mah-**shehayah** hu **sheyyihyeh**
What_**that-has-been** that **which-will-be**
**Whatever has been** is **what will be**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/particle_relative/title.md b/content/particle_relative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0db4fda..0000000 --- a/content/particle_relative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Particle Relative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_fist.rst b/content/person_fist.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ff87eb --- /dev/null +++ b/content/person_fist.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1250 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_fist.rst + +.. _person_fist: + +Person Fist +=========== + +Summary +------- + +First person is used when the narrator or speaker is the subject of the +sentence. + +Article +------- + +The first person is the person(s) that speak. If it is a single person, +it is "I", "me", or "my", if it is a group of people it is "we", "us", +or "our". + +The first person is only used in direct speech. + +Form +---- + +When a word is in the first person, it can be recognized by a variety of +changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and +are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a +sample of the kinds of changes that signal a first person. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, first person common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, first person common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, first person common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, first person common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, first person common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ani / 'anokhi + +.. raw:: html + + + +I + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, first person common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲנַחְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'anahnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, first person common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othi + +.. raw:: html + + + +me + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, first person common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתָנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +us + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, first person common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לִי / - ִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +li / -i + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) me + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, first person common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָנוּ / -נוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lanu / - nu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) us + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Neither the English nor the Hebrew distinguish between the inclusive and +the exclusive "we". The context will have to determine which one is +meant. See also the translation academy and translation notes for help +if the text is potentially confusing. + +Hebrew does distinguish between +:ref:`number_singular` +and +:ref:`number_plural`, +but not between +:ref:`gender_masculine` +and +:ref:`gender_feminine` +in the first person. + +The first person can be found in +:ref:`verb` +forms, :ref:`pronoun_personal`, +and :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. + +Function +-------- + +A first person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate +possession. + +Subject +~~~~~~~ + +The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action. + +In the :ref:`verb` form +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 28:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־\ **עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + until then when\_\ **I-have-done** [dir.obj] what\_I-have-spoken + to-you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I will do** all that I have promised to you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +As a :ref:`pronoun_personal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- EXO 6:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ani** yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** am Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Object +~~~~~~ + +The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the +action of the verb. + +This is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`: + +Related to a :ref:`verb` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Either :ref:`suffix_pronominal-direclty-to-the-verb`, +or by being attached to a :ref:`suffix_pronominal-with-a-direct-object-marker-`. + +- 1SA 17:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'avadtem **'othanu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + then you will serve **us**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- ISA 46:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'efes **kamowni** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-none **like-me**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and there is no one **like me**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Possession +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Indicating possession is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`: + +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-nouns` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **My son** Absalom, Absalom, **my son, my son**! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- EXO 19:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for all the earth is **mine**. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/person_fist/01.md b/content/person_fist/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1952bb8..0000000 --- a/content/person_fist/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -First person is used when the narrator or speaker is the subject of the sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_fist/02.md b/content/person_fist/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index e6cbdf8..0000000 --- a/content/person_fist/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The first person is the person(s) that speak. If it is a single person, it is "I", "me", or "my", if it is a group of people it is "we", "us", or "our". - -The first person is only used in direct speech. - -## Form -When a word is in the first person, it can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a first person. - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qal suffix conjugation, first person common singularקָטַלְתִּיqataltiI killed
Qal suffix conjugation, first person common pluralקָטַלְנוּqatalnuwe killed
Qal prefix conjugation, first person common singularאֶקְטֹל'eqtolI will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, first person common pluralנִקְטֹלniqtolwe will kill
Independent personal pronoun, first person common singularאֲנִי / אָנֹכִי'ani / 'anokhiI
Independent personal pronoun, first person common pluralאֲנַחְנוּ'anahnuwe
Object pronoun, first person common singularאֹתִי'othime
Object pronoun, first person common pluralאֹתָנוּ'othanuus
Pronomial suffix, first person common singularלִי / - ִיli / -i(to) me
Pronomial suffix, first person common pluralלָנוּ / -נוּlanu / - nu(to) us
- -Neither the English nor the Hebrew distinguish between the inclusive and the exclusive "we". The context will have to determine which one is meant. See also the translation academy and translation notes for help if the text is potentially confusing. - -Hebrew does distinguish between [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) and [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md), but not between [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) and [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) in the first person. - -The first person can be found in [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) forms, [personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), and [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). - -## Function -A first person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate possession. - -### Subject - -The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action. - -#### In the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) form - -* GEN 28:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־**עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ
'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh
until then when_**I-have-done** [dir.obj] what_I-have-spoken to-you.
**I will do** all that I have promised to you.
- -#### As a [personal pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md) - -* EXO 6:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
**'ani** yehwah
**I** Yahweh.
**I** am Yahweh.
- -### Object - -The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the action of the verb. - -This is done by the [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md): - -#### Related to a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) -Either [directly attached to the verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#direclty-to-the-verb), or by being attached to a [direct object marker](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#with-a-direct-object-marker-). - -* 1SA 17:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**׃
wa'avadtem **'othanu**
and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**.
then you will serve **us**.
- -#### [Attached to some prepositions](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#prepositions) - -* ISA 46:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**׃
we'efes **kamowni**
and-none **like-me**.
and there is no one **like me**.
- -### Possession - -Indicating possession is done by the [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md): - -#### [Attached to a noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#nouns) - -* 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
**beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
**My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**.
**My son** Absalom, Absalom, **my son, my son**!
- -#### [Attached to some prepositions](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#prepositions) - -* EXO 19:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּי־**לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
ki-**li** kol-ha'arets
for_**to-me** all_the-earth.
for all the earth is **mine**.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_fist/title.md b/content/person_fist/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index a7b336a..0000000 --- a/content/person_fist/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Person Fist \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_second.rst b/content/person_second.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c9e0c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/person_second.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1733 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_second.rst + +.. _person_second: + +Person Second +============= + +Summary +------- + +Second person is used when the narrator or speaker refers to the reader +or listener. + +Article +------- + +The second person is the person(s) that is spoken to. Both for a single +person and for a group of people, English uses "you", or "your". + +The second person is only used in direct speech. + +Form +---- + +When a word is in the second person, it can be recognized by a variety +of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and +are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a +sample of the kinds of changes that signal a second person. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'at + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֵּנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othekha + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתָךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othakh + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְכֶֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתְכֶֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'thekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לְךָ / - ְךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lekha / -ekha + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָךְ / - ָךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakh / -akh + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָכֶם / -כֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakhem / -khem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, second person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָכֶן / -כֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +lakhen / -khen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +English does not have a distinction between +:ref:`number_singular` +and +:ref:`number_plural` +in the second person (except for in the reflexive "yourself" and +"yourselves") but the Hebrew does. So if the context in English is +unclear, the Hebrew can help out. The Hebrew also distinguishes between +:ref:`gender_masculine` +and +:ref:`gender_feminine` +in the second person. + +Neither English nor Hebrew have a formal second person address. +Translators are free to use their own judgement to translate formally or +informally. If a speaker is addressing God, many languages (including +German, Spanish, and French) address God with the informal voice while +capitalizing the first letter of the personal pronoun. Some other +languages (like Dutch), speak to God in the formal voice. See also the +translation academy. + +The second person can be found in +:ref:`verb` +forms, :ref:`pronoun_personal`, +and :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. + +Function +-------- + +A second person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate +possession. + +Subject +~~~~~~~ + +The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action. + +In the :ref:`verb` form +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JER 43:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִמַּ֛עַל לָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֣ר טָמָ֑נְתִּי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mimma'al la'avanim ha'elleh 'asher **tamanti** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + from-upwards-of to-the-stones the-these that **you-have-buried**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + over these stones that **you have buried**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +As a :ref:`pronoun_personal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JER 12:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tsaddiq **'attah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + righteous **you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **you** are righteous + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Object +~~~~~~ + +The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the +action of the verb. + +This is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`: + +Related to a :ref:`verb` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Either :ref:`suffix_pronominal-direclty-to-the-verb`, +or by being attached to a :ref:`suffix_pronominal-with-a-direct-object-marker-`. + +- 2CH 15:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאִֽם־\ **תִּדְרְשֻׁ֨הוּ֙** יִמָּצֵ֣א לָכֶ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'im-\ **tidreshuhu** yimmatse **lakhem** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-if\_\ **you-seek-him** he-will-be-found **by-you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If **you seek him**, he will be found **by you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 6:20 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׁנַ֧יִם מִכֹּ֛ל יָבֹ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + shenayim mikkol yavo'u **'eleykha** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + two of-all will-come **to-you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + two of every sort will come **to you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Possession +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Indicating possession is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`: + +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-nouns` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 1CH 29:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּבְיָדְךָ֖ כֹּ֣חַ וּגְבוּרָ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **uveyodkha** koah ugevurah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-in-your-hand** power and-strength. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **In your hand** is power and might. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- PSA 74:16 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לְךָ֣ יֹ֭ום אַף־\ **לְךָ֥** לָ֑יְלָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **lekha** yowm 'af-**lekha** laylah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **To-you** day also\_\ **to-you** night + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The day is **yours**, and the night is **yours** also + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/person_second/01.md b/content/person_second/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f5299f7..0000000 --- a/content/person_second/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Second person is used when the narrator or speaker refers to the reader or listener. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_second/02.md b/content/person_second/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index f3f52ae..0000000 --- a/content/person_second/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,194 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The second person is the person(s) that is spoken to. Both for a single person and for a group of people, English uses "you", or "your". - -The second person is only used in direct speech. - -## Form -When a word is in the second person, it can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a second person. - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine singularקָטַלְתָּqataltayou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine singularקָטַלְתְּqataltyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person masculine pluralקְטַלְתֶּםqetaltemyou killed
Qal suffix conjugation, second person feminine pluralקְטַלְתֶּןqetaltenyou killed
Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine singularתִּקְטֹלtiqtolyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine singularתִּקְטְלִיtiqteliyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person masculine pluralתִּקְטְלוּtiqteluyou will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, second person feminine pluralתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahyou will kill
Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine singularאַתָּה'attahyou
Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine singularאַתְּ'atyou
Independent personal pronoun, second person masculine pluralאַתֶּם'attemyou
Independent personal pronoun, second person feminine pluralאַתֵּנָה'attenahyou
Object pronoun, second person masculine singularאֹתְךָ'othekhayou
Object pronoun, second person feminine singularאֹתָךְ'othakhyou
Object pronoun, second person masculine pluralאֹתְכֶֶם'othekhemyou
Object pronoun, second person feminine pluralאֹתְכֶֶן'thekhemyou
Pronomial suffix, second person masculine singularלְךָ / - ְךָlekha / -ekha(to) you
Pronomial suffix, second person feminine singularלָךְ / - ָךְ lakh / -akh(to) you
Pronomial suffix, second person masculine pluralלָכֶם / -כֶםlakhem / -khem(to) you
Pronomial suffix, second person feminine pluralלָכֶן / -כֶןlakhen / -khen(to) you
- -English does not have a distinction between [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) and [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md) in the second person (except for in the reflexive "yourself" and "yourselves") but the Hebrew does. So if the context in English is unclear, the Hebrew can help out. -The Hebrew also distinguishes between [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) and [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) in the second person. - -Neither English nor Hebrew have a formal second person address. Translators are free to use their own judgement to translate formally or informally. If a speaker is addressing God, many languages (including German, Spanish, and French) address God with the informal voice while capitalizing the first letter of the personal pronoun. Some other languages (like Dutch), speak to God in the formal voice. See also the translation academy. - -The second person can be found in [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) forms, [personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), and [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). - -## Function -A second person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate possession. - -### Subject - -The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action. - -#### In the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) form - -* JER 43:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִמַּ֛עַל לָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֣ר טָמָ֑נְתִּי
mimma'al la'avanim ha'elleh 'asher **tamanti**
from-upwards-of to-the-stones the-these that **you-have-buried**.
over these stones that **you have buried**.
- -#### As a [personal pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md) - -* JER 12:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙
tsaddiq **'attah**
righteous **you**
**you** are righteous
- -### Object - -The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the action of the verb. - -This is done by the [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md): - -#### Related to a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) -Either [directly attached to the verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#direclty-to-the-verb), or by being attached to a [direct object marker](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#with-a-direct-object-marker-). - -* 2CH 15:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאִֽם־**תִּדְרְשֻׁ֨הוּ֙** יִמָּצֵ֣א לָכֶ֔ם
we'im-**tidreshuhu** yimmatse **lakhem**
And-if_**you-seek-him** he-will-be-found **by-you**
If **you seek him**, he will be found **by you**
- -#### [Attached to some prepositions](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#prepositions) - -* GEN 6:20 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׁנַ֧יִם מִכֹּ֛ל יָבֹ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ
shenayim mikkol yavo'u **'eleykha**
two of-all will-come **to-you**
two of every sort will come **to you**
- -### Possession - -Indicating possession is done by the [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md): - -#### [Attached to a noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#nouns) - -* 1CH 29:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּבְיָדְךָ֖ כֹּ֣חַ וּגְבוּרָ֑ה
**uveyodkha** koah ugevurah
**and-in-your-hand** power and-strength.
**In your hand** is power and might.
- -#### [Attached to some prepositions](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#prepositions) - -* PSA 74:16 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לְךָ֣ יֹ֭ום אַף־**לְךָ֥** לָ֑יְלָה
**lekha** yowm 'af-**lekha** laylah
**To-you** day also_**to-you** night
The day is **yours**, and the night is **yours** also
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_second/title.md b/content/person_second/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index d1ddf09..0000000 --- a/content/person_second/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Person Second \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_third.rst b/content/person_third.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a705831 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/person_third.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1678 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_third.rst + +.. _person_third: + +Person Third +============ + +Summary +------- + +Third person is used when the narrator or speaker refers to someone +besides himself or the reader or listener. + +Article +------- + +The third person is the person "he", "him", "his", "she", or "her", or +group of people "they", "them", or "their", that is spoken about. + +The third person can be used in both direct and indirect speech. + +Form +---- + +When a word is in the third person, it can be recognized by a variety of +changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and +are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a +sample of the kinds of changes that signal a third person. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal suffix conjugation, third person common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוּא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hu + +.. raw:: html + + + +he / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִיא / הִוא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hi / hiw + +.. raw:: html + + + +she / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵם / הֵמָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hem / hemmah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵן / הֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hen / hennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתוֹ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'otho + +.. raw:: html + + + +him / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֹתָהּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'othah + +.. raw:: html + + + +her / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethhem / 'otham + +.. raw:: html + + + +them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Object pronoun, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethhen / 'othan + +.. raw:: html + + + +them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לוֹ / -וֹ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lo / -o + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) him + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהּ / - ָהּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +lah / -ah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) her + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +lahem / -hem / -am + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Pronomial suffix, third person feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +lahen / -hen / -an + +.. raw:: html + + + +(to) them + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hebrew distinguishes between +:ref:`gender_masculine` +and +:ref:`gender_feminine` +in both +:ref:`number_singular` +and +:ref:`number_plural`. +It does not have a neutral "it," but since all nouns have a msculine or +feminine gender, it does not need a neutral form. + +The third person can be found in +:ref:`verb` +forms, :ref:`pronoun_personal`, +and :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. + +Function +-------- + +A third person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate +possession. + +Subject +~~~~~~~ + +The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action. + +In the :ref:`verb` form +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 12:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-said** Yahweh to\_Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now** Yahweh **said** to Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +As a :ref:`pronoun_personal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 36:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עֵשָׂ֖ו \ **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'esaw **hu** 'edom + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Esau **he** Edom + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Esau (**also called** Edom) + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Object +~~~~~~ + +The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the +action of the verb. + +This is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`: + +Related to a :ref:`verb` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Either :ref:`suffix_pronominal-direclty-to-the-verb`, +or by being attached to a :ref:`suffix_pronominal-with-a-direct-object-marker-`. + +- GEN 37:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-sent-him** from-the-Valley-of Hebron and-he-went to-Shechem. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to + Shechem. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JOB 39:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hatha'amin **bow** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Do-you-believe **in-him**? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Will you depend **on him**? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Possession +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Indicating possession is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`: + +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-nouns` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 2SA 17:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He went **home** to **his own city** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 2KI 17:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth kahem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing + **like-them** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/person_third/01.md b/content/person_third/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 86ee09b..0000000 --- a/content/person_third/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Third person is used when the narrator or speaker refers to someone besides himself or the reader or listener. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_third/02.md b/content/person_third/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8f748f..0000000 --- a/content/person_third/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,189 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The third person is the person "he", "him", "his", "she", or "her", or group of people "they", "them", or "their", that is spoken about. - -The third person can be used in both direct and indirect speech. - -## Form -When a word is in the third person, it can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a third person. - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qal suffix conjugation, third person masculine singularקָטַלqatalhe killed
Qal suffix conjugation, third person feminine singularקָטְלָהqatlahshe killed
Qal suffix conjugation, third person common pluralקָטְלוּqatluthey killed
Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine singularיִקְטֹלyiqtolhe will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine singularתִּקְטֹלtiqtolshe will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person masculine pluralיִקְטְלוּyiqteluthey will kill
Qal prefix conjugation, third person feminine pluralתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahthey will kill
Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine singularהוּאhuhe / it
Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine singularהִיא / הִואhi / hiwshe / it
Independent personal pronoun, third person masculine pluralהֵם / הֵמָּהhem / hemmahthey
Independent personal pronoun, third person feminine pluralהֵן / הֵנָּהhen / hennahthey
Object pronoun, third person masculine singularאֹתוֹ'othohim / it
Object pronoun, third person feminine singularאֹתָהּ'othahher / it
Object pronoun, third person masculine pluralאֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם'ethhem / 'othamthem
Object pronoun, third person feminine pluralאֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן'ethhen / 'othanthem
Pronomial suffix, third person masculine singularלוֹ / -וֹlo / -o(to) him
Pronomial suffix, third person feminine singularלָהּ / - ָהּlah / -ah(to) her
Pronomial suffix, third person masculine pluralלָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָםlahem / -hem / -am(to) them
Pronomial suffix, third person feminine pluralלָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָןlahen / -hen / -an(to) them
- -Hebrew distinguishes between [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) and [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) in both [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) and [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md). It does not have a neutral "it," but since all nouns have a msculine or feminine gender, it does not need a neutral form. - -The third person can be found in [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) forms, [personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), and [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). - -## Function -A third person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate possession. - -### Subject - -The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action. - -#### In the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) form - -* GEN 12:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם
**wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram
**and-he-said** Yahweh to_Abram
**Now** Yahweh **said** to Abram
- -#### As a [personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md) - -* GEN 36:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עֵשָׂ֖ו **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם
'esaw **hu** 'edom
Esau **he** Edom
Esau (**also called** Edom)
- -### Object - -The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the action of the verb. - -This is done by the [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md): - -#### Related to a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) -Either [directly attached to the verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#direclty-to-the-verb), or by being attached to a [direct object marker](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#with-a-direct-object-marker-). - -* GEN 37:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃
**wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah
**and-he-sent-him** from-the-Valley-of Hebron and-he-went to-Shechem.
**So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to Shechem.
- -#### [Attached to some prepositions](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#prepositions) - -* JOB 39:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו
hatha'amin **bow**
Do-you-believe **in-him**?
Will you depend **on him**?
- -### Possession - -Indicating possession is done by the [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md): - -#### [Attached to a noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#nouns) - -* 2SA 17:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־**בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
And-he-stood-up and-went to\_**his-house** to\_**his-city**
He went **home** to **his own city**
- -#### [Attached to some prepositions](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md#prepositions) - -* 2KI 17:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃
'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth kahem
whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing **like-them**
those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/person_third/title.md b/content/person_third/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 520bd2e..0000000 --- a/content/person_third/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Person Third \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/preposition_definite_article.rst b/content/preposition_definite_article.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cdc9a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/preposition_definite_article.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1582 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/preposition_definite_article.rst + +.. _preposition_definite_article: + +Preposition Definite Article +============================ + +Summary +------- + +A preposition is a word that describes the relationship of a noun (or +word that functions as a noun) to another word/concept in the sentence. +In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions can also be used with an infinitive +construct verb to show its relationship to the main verb of a sentence. + +Article +------- + +Biblical Hebrew has four main prepositions: the prefix בְּ (in, at, by); +the prefix לְ (to, for); the prefix כְּ (as, like); and the prefix מִ +(which is a shortened form of the independent preposition מִן, meaning +"from"). However, there is also a family of other prepositions in +Biblical Hebrew. It is common in Biblical Hebrew for prepositions to be +combined together or with a noun to form new words that have their own +range of meanings (similar to compound +:ref:`conjunction`) +that may or may not overlap with the meaning of the individual component +terms. + +In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions also have a specialized function of +describing the relationship between a verbal complement (infinitive +construct or participle) and the main verb of a sentence. In some of +these instances, the preposition introduces a dependent verbal clauses +and thus changes its typical meaning. These specialized uses of +prepositions are listed in the article on :ref:`infinitive_construct` +verbs. + +NOTE: Of all the different kinds of words, prepositions are perhaps the +most flexible in their meaning and are often translated in a variety of +ways, or sometimes even left untranslated. For this reason, prepositions +must always be translated with great sensitivity to the context of each +use. A dictionary or lexicon will describe the various possible meanings +of each preposition, but generally will not include a complete list of +individual usages. + +Form +---- + +**Prefix preposition (with and without the definite article)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +normal noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +נָהָר + +.. raw:: html + + + +nahar + +.. raw:: html + + + +river + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition only + +.. raw:: html + + + +בְּנָהָר + +.. raw:: html + + + +benahar + +.. raw:: html + + + +in a river + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article only + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַנָּהָר + +.. raw:: html + + + +hannahar + +.. raw:: html + + + +the river + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +בַּנָּהָר + +.. raw:: html + + + +bannahar + +.. raw:: html + + + +in the river + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- GEN 1:1 –– בְּ preposition without definite article + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **bereshith** bara 'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **In-beginning** he-created God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **In the beginning,** God created + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 5:11 –– בְּ preposition with definite article (shewa lengthens to + pathah vowel) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֹ֛וי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + howy mashkime **vabboqer** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Woe those-rising-early **in-the-morning** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Woe to those who rise up early **in the morning** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:5 –– לְ preposition with definite article (shewa lengthens to + qamets vowel) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים׀ **לָאֹור֙** יֹ֔ום + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyiqra 'elohim **la'owr** yowm + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-called **to-the-light** day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God called **the light** "day" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:18 –– לְ preposition with infinitive construct verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלִמְשֹׁל֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **welimshol** bayyom uvallaylah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and to rule** in the day and in the night + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **to rule** over the day and over the night + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:2 –– independent preposition + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת **עַל**\ ־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weruah 'elohim merahefeth **'al**-pene hammayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-spirit-of God hovering **over**\ \_face-of the-waters + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The Spirit of God was moving **above** the surface of the waters. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +Deleted material: + +**Preposition before a noun starting with a normal shewa** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +normal noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְרַגֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +meraggel + +.. raw:: html + + + +spy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition only + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּמְרַגֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +kimraggel + +.. raw:: html + + + +like a spy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article only + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַמְּרַגֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hammeraggel + +.. raw:: html + + + +the spy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +כַּמְּרַגֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +kammeraggel + +.. raw:: html + + + +like the spy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Preposition before a noun with a guttural first consonant** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +normal noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +אִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +man + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition only + +.. raw:: html + + + +לְאִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +le'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +to a man + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article only + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָאִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +the man + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +לָאִישׁ + +.. raw:: html + + + +la'ish + +.. raw:: html + + + +to the man + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Preposition before a noun starting with a composit shewa** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +normal noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֳנִיָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'oniyah + +.. raw:: html + + + +ship + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition only + +.. raw:: html + + + +כָּאֳנִיָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +ko'oniyah + +.. raw:: html + + + +like a ship + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + definite article only + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָאֳנִיָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +ha'oniyah + +.. raw:: html + + + +the ship + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +noun + preposition + definite article + +.. raw:: html + + + +כָּאֳנִיָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +ka'oniyah + +.. raw:: html + + + +like the ship + +.. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/preposition_definite_article/01.md b/content/preposition_definite_article/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index d348cf3..0000000 --- a/content/preposition_definite_article/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A preposition is a word that describes the relationship of a noun (or word that functions as a noun) to another word/concept in the sentence. In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions can also be used with an infinitive construct verb to show its relationship to the main verb of a sentence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/preposition_definite_article/02.md b/content/preposition_definite_article/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01e87f7..0000000 --- a/content/preposition_definite_article/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,161 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Biblical Hebrew has four main prepositions: the prefix בְּ (in, at, by); the prefix לְ (to, for); the prefix כְּ (as, like); and the prefix מִ (which is a shortened form of the independent preposition מִן, meaning "from"). However, there is also a family of other prepositions in Biblical Hebrew. It is common in Biblical Hebrew for prepositions to be combined together or with a noun to form new words that have their own range of meanings (similar to compound [conjunctions](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md)) that may or may not overlap with the meaning of the individual component terms. - -In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions also have a specialized function of describing the relationship between a verbal complement (infinitive construct or participle) and the main verb of a sentence. In some of these instances, the preposition introduces a dependent verbal clauses and thus changes its typical meaning. These specialized uses of prepositions are listed in the article on [infinitive construct](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_construct/02.md) verbs. - -NOTE: Of all the different kinds of words, prepositions are perhaps the most flexible in their meaning and are often translated in a variety of ways, or sometimes even left untranslated. For this reason, prepositions must always be translated with great sensitivity to the context of each use. A dictionary or lexicon will describe the various possible meanings of each preposition, but generally will not include a complete list of individual usages. - - -## Form - -**Prefix preposition (with and without the definite article)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
normal nounנָהָרnaharriver
noun + preposition onlyבְּנָהָרbenaharin a river
noun + definite article onlyהַנָּהָרhannaharthe river
noun + preposition + definite articleבַּנָּהָרbannaharin the river
- - -## Examples - -* GEN 1:1 –– בְּ preposition without definite article - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים
**bereshith** bara 'elohim
**In-beginning** he-created God
**In the beginning,** God created
- -* ISA 5:11 –– בְּ preposition with definite article (shewa lengthens to pathah vowel) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֹ֛וי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר
howy mashkime **vabboqer**
Woe those-rising-early **in-the-morning**
Woe to those who rise up early **in the morning**
- -* GEN 1:5 –– לְ preposition with definite article (shewa lengthens to qamets vowel) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים׀ **לָאֹור֙** יֹ֔ום
wayyiqra 'elohim **la'owr** yowm
And-he-called **to-the-light** day
God called **the light** "day"
- -* GEN 1:18 –– לְ preposition with infinitive construct verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלִמְשֹׁל֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה
**welimshol** bayyom uvallaylah
**and to rule** in the day and in the night
**to rule** over the day and over the night
- -* GEN 1:2 –– independent preposition - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת **עַל**־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם
weruah 'elohim merahefeth **'al**-pene hammayim
and-spirit-of God hovering **over**_face-of the-waters
The Spirit of God was moving **above** the surface of the waters.
- --------------------------- - -Deleted material: - -**Preposition before a noun starting with a normal shewa** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
normal nounמְרַגֵּלmeraggelspy
noun + preposition onlyכִּמְרַגֵּלkimraggellike a spy
noun + definite article onlyהַמְּרַגֵּלhammeraggelthe spy
noun + preposition + definite articleכַּמְּרַגֵּלkammeraggellike the spy
- -**Preposition before a noun with a guttural first consonant** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
normal nounאִישׁ'ishman
noun + preposition onlyלְאִישׁle'ishto a man
noun + definite article onlyהָאִישׁha'ishthe man
noun + preposition + definite articleלָאִישׁla'ishto the man
- -**Preposition before a noun starting with a composit shewa** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
normal nounאֳנִיָה'oniyahship
noun + preposition onlyכָּאֳנִיָהko'oniyahlike a ship
noun + definite article onlyהָאֳנִיָהha'oniyahthe ship
noun + preposition + definite articleכָּאֳנִיָהka'oniyahlike the ship
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/preposition_definite_article/title.md b/content/preposition_definite_article/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7c2ce1e..0000000 --- a/content/preposition_definite_article/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Preposition Definite Article \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun.rst b/content/pronoun.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5dd039d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pronoun.rst @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun.rst + +.. _pronoun: + +Pronoun +======= + +Summary +------- + +A pronoun replaces a noun or noun phrase. For example, instead of +writing "the man" multiple times, the writer uses "he" to avoid +repeating the noun. + +Article +------- + +A pronoun is a word that, like a +:ref:`noun`, +refers to a person or a thing, but it does not have any meaning in +itself. + +Types +----- + +Hebraists usually identify five types of pronouns: +:ref:`pronoun_indefinite`, +:ref:`pronoun_personal`, +and +:ref:`pronoun_relative`. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Demonstrative + +.. raw:: html + + + +refers to a noun or a noun phrase + +.. raw:: html + + + +this, that, these, those + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Indefinite + +.. raw:: html + + + +if the subject or the object is indetermined + +.. raw:: html + + + +who, whoever, what, whatever + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Interrogative + +.. raw:: html + + + +introduces a question + +.. raw:: html + + + +who? what? when? how? + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Personal + +.. raw:: html + + + +takes the place of a person or a group of people + +.. raw:: html + + + +I, you, he, she, we, they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Relative + +.. raw:: html + + + +introduces relative clauses + +.. raw:: html + + + +that, which, where + +.. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/pronoun/01.md b/content/pronoun/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3ce0f3e..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A pronoun replaces a noun or noun phrase. For example, instead of writing "the man" multiple times, the writer uses "he" to avoid repeating the noun. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun/02.md b/content/pronoun/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 215fbd8..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -## Article -A pronoun is a word that, like a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), refers to a person or a thing, but it does not have any meaning in itself. - -## Types -Hebraists usually identify five types of pronouns: [demonstrative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md), [indefinite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_indefinite/02.md), [interrogative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_interrogative/02.md), [personal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), and [relative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_relative/02.md). - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Demonstrativerefers to a noun or a noun phrasethis, that, these, those
Indefiniteif the subject or the object is indeterminedwho, whoever, what, whatever
Interrogativeintroduces a questionwho? what? when? how?
Personaltakes the place of a person or a group of peopleI, you, he, she, we, they
Relativeintroduces relative clausesthat, which, where
diff --git a/content/pronoun/title.md b/content/pronoun/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 10745b4..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Pronoun \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_demonstrative.rst b/content/pronoun_demonstrative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad13534 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pronoun_demonstrative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1535 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative.rst + +.. _pronoun_demonstrative: + +Pronoun Demonstrative +===================== + +Summary +------- + +Demonstrative pronouns replace or qualify nouns. "This," "that," +"these," and "those" are common translations. + +Article +------- + +A demonstrative pronoun is a +:ref:`pronoun` +that refers to a +:ref:`noun` +or noun phrase that is presumed familiar to the reader or listener. For +example if it has been mentioned earlier in the sentence. It can also +function as a demonstrative +:ref:`adjective`, +in which case it commonly follows the noun, even if in English it always +precedes the noun. + +Demonstrative pronouns are also one of the types of words that are +:ref:`state_determined-demonstrative-pronouns`, +even if they can additionally have a :ref:`particle_definite_article`. + +Form +---- + +In English there are four common demonstrative pronouns that distinguish +between +:ref:`number_singular` +and +:ref:`number_plural`, +as well as near and distant: this, these, that, those. In Hebrew the +same distinctions are made, and on top of that there are +:ref:`gender_masculine` +and +:ref:`gender_feminine` +forms for each of those (with the exception of the plural, near +demonstratives which has a +`common `__ +form). Their gender and number are based on the word they replace, +modify, or refer to. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular near + +.. raw:: html + + + +(or זֶה (זֹה / זֹו + +.. raw:: html + + + +zeh (or zow / zoh) + +.. raw:: html + + + +this + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular near + +.. raw:: html + + + +זֹאת + +.. raw:: html + + + +zoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +this + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular far + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוּא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hu + +.. raw:: html + + + +that + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular far + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִיא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hi + +.. raw:: html + + + +that + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural near + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֵלֶּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'elleh + +.. raw:: html + + + +these + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural far + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵם / הֵמָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hemmah / hem + +.. raw:: html + + + +those + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural far + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +those + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Note, the "far" forms are identical to the :ref:`pronoun_personal`, +so context will decide how to understand that word. + +Function +-------- + +Replaces a person +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +First / second mention +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +זֶה is used for items when they are first mentioned. + +הוּא is used for items that have already been mentioned. + +- JDG 7:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ \ **זֶ֣ה** ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ + אִתָּ֗ךְ \ **ה֚וּא** יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehayah 'asher 'omar 'eleykha **zeh** yelekh 'ittakh **hu** yelekh + 'ittakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-is that I-will-say to-you **this** will-go with-you **that** + will-go with-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If I say to you, "**This one** will go with you," **he** will go with + you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הוּא here can be understood and translated as either a demonstrative + pronoun, or a personal pronoun. + +Reciprocal +^^^^^^^^^^ + +Demonstrative pronouns can be used to distinguish individuals within a +group interacting with each other. + +- ISA 6:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְקָרָ֨א \ **זֶ֤ה** אֶל־זֶה֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weqara **zeh** 'el-**zeh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-called **this** to\_\ **this** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And **each one** called to **another** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Qualifies a person +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +When a demonstrative pronoun qualifies a person, it is for emphasis or +to draw attention to the presence of that person. + +- GEN 27:21 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַֽאַתָּ֥ה \ **זֶ֛ה** בְּנִ֥י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ha'attah **zeh** beni + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the-you **this** my-son + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you are my **true** son + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 19:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהִנֵּֽה־\ **זֶ֤ה** מַלְאָךְ֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehinneh-\ **zeh** mal'akh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-behold **this** angel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Suddenly an angel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Qualifies a noun +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Predicative +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The demonstrative pronoun usually precedes the noun if it is +predicative. The preceding demonstrative pronoun does not have the +definite article, but the noun does. + +- JDG 4:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + זֶ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **zeh** hayyom + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **this** the-day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **this** is the day + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`adjective-attributive` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When it is used as an attributive adjective, the demonstrative pronoun +often follows the noun, and both the noun and adjective can have a +:ref:`particle_definite_article`. + +- ISA 18:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + haddevarim **ha'elleh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the-words **the-these** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **these** words + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Sometimes neither the noun nor the demonstrative pronoun have a definite +article. + +- JOS 2:20 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + דְּבָרֵ֣נוּ זֶ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + devarenu **zeh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + our-business **this** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **this** business of ours + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _pronoun_demonstrative-function-like-a-relative-pronoun: + +Function like a :ref:`pronoun_relative` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- PSA 74:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַר־צִ֝יֹּ֗ון **זֶ֤ה**\ ׀ שָׁכַ֬נְתָּ בֹּֽו׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + har-tsiyyown **zeh** shakhanta bow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Mount\_Zion **this** you-lived in-it. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Mount Zion, **where** you live. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 104:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לִ֝וְיָתָ֗ן \ **זֶֽה**\ ־יָצַ֥רְתָּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + liwyathan **zeh**-yatsarta + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Leviathan **this**\ \_you-formed + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Leviathan, **which** you formed + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Redundant +^^^^^^^^^ + +The demonstrative pronoun does not always need to be translated. + +- GEN 47:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ הִ֔וא + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'erets mitsrayim lefaneykha **hiw** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Land-of Egypt to-your-face **that** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The land of Egypt is before you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Perhaps this can be translated as "This land of Egypt before you". diff --git a/content/pronoun_demonstrative/01.md b/content/pronoun_demonstrative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index b1c5b7f..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_demonstrative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Demonstrative pronouns replace or qualify nouns. "This," "that," "these," and "those" are common translations. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md b/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index af81abe..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,234 +0,0 @@ -## Article -A demonstrative pronoun is a [pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/02.md) that refers to a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) or noun phrase that is presumed familiar to the reader or listener. For example if it has been mentioned earlier in the sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), in which case it commonly follows the noun, even if in English it always precedes the noun. - -Demonstrative pronouns are also one of the types of words that are [intrinsically determined](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md#demonstrative-pronouns), even if they can additionally have a [definite article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md). - -## Form -In English there are four common demonstrative pronouns that distinguish between [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) and [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md), as well as near and distant: this, these, that, those. In Hebrew the same distinctions are made, and on top of that there are [masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) and [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md) forms for each of those (with the exception of the plural, near demonstratives which has a [common](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_common/01.md) form). -Their gender and number are based on the word they replace, modify, or refer to. - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular near(or זֶה (זֹה / זֹוzeh (or zow / zoh)this
feminine singular nearזֹאתzoththis
masculine singular farהוּאhuthat
feminine singular farהִיאhithat
common plural nearאֵלֶּה'ellehthese
masculine plural farהֵם / הֵמָּהhemmah / hemthose
feminine plural farהֵנָּהhennahthose
- -Note, the "far" forms are identical to the [personal pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), so context will decide how to understand that word. - -## Function - -### Replaces a person - -#### First / second mention -זֶה is used for items when they are first mentioned. - -הוּא is used for items that have already been mentioned. - -* JDG 7:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ **זֶ֣ה** ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֗ךְ **ה֚וּא** יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ
wehayah 'asher 'omar 'eleykha **zeh** yelekh 'ittakh **hu** yelekh 'ittakh
And-it-is that I-will-say to-you **this** will-go with-you **that** will-go with-you
If I say to you, "**This one** will go with you," **he** will go with you
-הוּא here can be understood and translated as either a demonstrative pronoun, or a personal pronoun. - -#### Reciprocal -Demonstrative pronouns can be used to distinguish individuals within a group interacting with each other. - -* ISA 6:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְקָרָ֨א **זֶ֤ה** אֶל־זֶה֙
weqara **zeh** 'el-**zeh**
And-it-called **this** to_**this**
And **each one** called to **another**
- -### Qualifies a person -When a demonstrative pronoun qualifies a person, it is for emphasis or to draw attention to the presence of that person. - -* GEN 27:21 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַֽאַתָּ֥ה **זֶ֛ה** בְּנִ֥י
ha'attah **zeh** beni
the-you **this** my-son
you are my **true** son
- -* 1KI 19:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִנֵּֽה־**זֶ֤ה** מַלְאָךְ֙
wehinneh-**zeh** mal'akh
And-behold **this** angel
Suddenly an angel
- -### Qualifies a noun - -#### Predicative -The demonstrative pronoun usually precedes the noun if it is predicative. The preceding demonstrative pronoun does not have the definite article, but the noun does. - -* JDG 4:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
זֶ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙
**zeh** hayyom
**this** the-day
**this** is the day
- -#### [Attributive adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md#attributive) -When it is used as an attributive adjective, the demonstrative pronoun often follows the noun, and both the noun and adjective can have a [definite article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md). - -* ISA 18:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה
haddevarim **ha'elleh**
the-words **the-these**
**these** words
- -Sometimes neither the noun nor the demonstrative pronoun have a definite article. - -* JOS 2:20 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
דְּבָרֵ֣נוּ זֶ֑ה
devarenu **zeh**
our-business **this**
**this** business of ours
- -#### Function like a [relative pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_relative/02.md) - -* PSA 74:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַר־צִ֝יֹּ֗ון **זֶ֤ה**׀ שָׁכַ֬נְתָּ בֹּֽו׃
har-tsiyyown **zeh** shakhanta bow
Mount_Zion **this** you-lived in-it.
Mount Zion, **where** you live.
- -* PSA 104:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לִ֝וְיָתָ֗ן **זֶֽה**־יָצַ֥רְתָּ
liwyathan **zeh**-yatsarta
Leviathan **this**_you-formed
Leviathan, **which** you formed
- -#### Redundant -The demonstrative pronoun does not always need to be translated. - -* GEN 47:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ הִ֔וא
'erets mitsrayim lefaneykha **hiw**
Land-of Egypt to-your-face **that**
The land of Egypt is before you
-Perhaps this can be translated as "This land of Egypt before you". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_demonstrative/title.md b/content/pronoun_demonstrative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index bc36a61..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_demonstrative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Pronoun Demonstrative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_indefinite.rst b/content/pronoun_indefinite.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..918a5ab --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pronoun_indefinite.rst @@ -0,0 +1,868 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_indefinite.rst + +.. _pronoun_indefinite: + +Pronoun Indefinite +================== + +Summary +------- + +An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that doesn’t refer to anyone or +anything specific. It’s usually translated “who(m)(ever)” or +“what(ever).” + +Article +------- + +There are two indefinite articles in Hebrew: מִי (for persons), and מָה +(for objects). They are identical in form to the :ref:`pronoun_interrogative`. +The context will make clear which one it is. + +Form +---- + +Indefinite pronouns do not change their form based on number, gender, or +person. Their vowels can change a little bit based on with which sound +the next word begins. + +Regarding a person (מִי) +------------------------ + +Who / Whoever + +As a subject +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JDG 7:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi**-yare + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who**\ \_fears + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whoever** is afraid + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 32:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi** layhwah 'elay + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who** to-Yahweh to-me. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whoever** is on Yahweh's side, come to me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Embedded question +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 21:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי **מִ֥י** עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lo yada'ti **mi** 'asah 'eth-haddavar hazzeh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Not I-know **who** did [dir.obj]\_the-thing the-this. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I do not know **who** has done this thing. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +When followed by the :ref:`particle_relative` אֲשֶׁר. +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- EXO 32:33 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִ֚י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטָא־לִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi** 'asher hata-li + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who** which sinned\_to-me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whoever** has sinned against me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 10:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi** ha'ish 'asher yahel lehillahem bivne 'ammon + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who** the-man which begins to-fight with-sons-of Ammon? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who** is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Regarding an thing (מָה) +------------------------ + +What / Whatever + +As a subject +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- 1SA 20:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַה־תֹּאמַ֥ר נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mah**-ttomar nafshekha we'e'eseh-llakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **What**\ \_you-say my-soul and-I-will-do\_for-you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whatever** you say, I will do for you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NUM 23:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַה־יַּרְאֵ֖נִי וְהִגַּ֣דְתִּי לָ֑ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mah**-yyar'eni wehiggadti lakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **What**\ \_he-shows-me and-I-will-tell to-you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whatever** he shows me I will tell you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +When followed by the relative particle -שׁ. +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- ECC 3:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ כְּבָ֣ר ה֔וּא + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mah**-shehayah kevar hu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **What**\ \_which-exists already it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Whatever** exists has already existed + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/pronoun_indefinite/01.md b/content/pronoun_indefinite/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 728ee9d..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_indefinite/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that doesn’t refer to anyone or anything specific. It’s usually translated “who(m)(ever)” or “what(ever).” diff --git a/content/pronoun_indefinite/02.md b/content/pronoun_indefinite/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2f11998..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_indefinite/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,157 +0,0 @@ -## Article -There are two indefinite articles in Hebrew: מִי (for persons), and מָה (for objects). They are identical in form to the [interrogative pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_interrogative/02.md). The context will make clear which one it is. - -## Form -Indefinite pronouns do not change their form based on number, gender, or person. Their vowels can change a little bit based on with which sound the next word begins. - -## Regarding a person (מִי) -Who / Whoever - -### As a subject - -* JDG 7:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א
**mi**-yare
**Who**_fears
**Whoever** is afraid
- -* EXO 32:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י
**mi** layhwah 'elay
**Who** to-Yahweh to-me.
**Whoever** is on Yahweh's side, come to me
- -#### Embedded question - -* GEN 21:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי **מִ֥י** עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה
lo yada'ti **mi** 'asah 'eth-haddavar hazzeh
Not I-know **who** did [dir.obj]_the-thing the-this.
I do not know **who** has done this thing.
- -#### When followed by the [relative particle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_relative/02.md) אֲשֶׁר. - -* EXO 32:33 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִ֚י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטָא־לִ֔י
**mi** 'asher hata-li
**Who** which sinned_to-me
**Whoever** has sinned against me
- -* JDG 10:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן
**mi** ha'ish 'asher yahel lehillahem bivne 'ammon
**Who** the-man which begins to-fight with-sons-of Ammon?
**Who** is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites?
- -## Regarding an thing (מָה) -What / Whatever - -### As a subject - -* 1SA 20:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַה־תֹּאמַ֥ר נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ
**mah**-ttomar nafshekha we'e'eseh-llakh
**What**_you-say my-soul and-I-will-do_for-you.
**Whatever** you say, I will do for you.
- -* NUM 23:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַה־יַּרְאֵ֖נִי וְהִגַּ֣דְתִּי לָ֑ךְ
**mah**-yyar'eni wehiggadti lakh
**What**_he-shows-me and-I-will-tell to-you.
**Whatever** he shows me I will tell you.
- -#### When followed by the relative particle -שׁ. - -* ECC 3:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ כְּבָ֣ר ה֔וּא
**mah**-shehayah kevar hu
**What**_which-exists already it
**Whatever** exists has already existed
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_indefinite/title.md b/content/pronoun_indefinite/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f266ee..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_indefinite/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Pronoun Indefinite \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_interrogative.rst b/content/pronoun_interrogative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2243674 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pronoun_interrogative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2131 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_interrogative.rst + +.. _pronoun_interrogative: + +Pronoun Interrogative +===================== + +Summary +------- + +The interrogative pronoun shows that a sentence is a question. + +Article +------- + +Interrogative means "having the force of a question", so an +interrogative pronoun is a word that signals that someone is asking a +question. Two of the most common ones (מִי and מָה) are identical to the +:ref:`pronoun_indefinite`, +in which case the context has to make clear which one it is. + +Form +---- + +Interrogative pronouns do not change their form based on number, gender, +or person. Their vowels can change a little bit based on with which +sound the next word begins. + +Asking for a person (מִי) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +"who?" + +- GEN 24:65 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִֽי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַלָּזֶה֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi**-ha'ish hallazeh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who**\ \_the-man the-that + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who** is that man? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 15:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi**-khamokhah ba'elim yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who**\ \_like-you among-the-gods Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who** is like you, Yahweh, among the gods? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +With לְ preposition +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +"to whom?" + +- GEN 32:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **lemi**-'attoh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **To-whom**\ \_you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **To whom** do you belong? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Wish or optative +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +"I wish that someone" or "if only someone" + +- 2SA 15:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִי־יְשִׂמֵ֥נִי שֹׁפֵ֖ט בָּאָ֑רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi**-yesimeni shofet ba'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who**\ \_will-put-me judge in-the-land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I wish that** I were made judge in the land! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 23:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִ֚י יַשְׁקֵ֣נִי מַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi** yashqeni mayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Who** will-give-me water + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **If only someone** would give me water! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`adverb` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Functioning like an interrogative adverb of manner "how" + +- AMO 7:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִ֥י יָק֖וּם יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mi** yaqum ya'aqov + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** will-survive Jacob + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** will Jacob survive? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Asking for a thing (מָה) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +"what?" + +- 1SA 20:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַה־פִּשְׁעִי֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mah**-ppish'iy + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **What**\ \_my-iniquity + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **What** is my iniquity? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 18:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מָ֥ה אַתֶּ֖ם עֹשִֽׂים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mah** 'attem 'osim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **What** you are-doing + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **What** are you doing? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +with prepositions +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +by what / how (בַּמָּה) +''''''''''''''''''''''' + +- GEN 15:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בַּמָּ֥ה אֵדַ֖ע + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **bammah** 'eda' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **In-the-what** will-I-know + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** will I know? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +like what / how many, how much (כַּמָּה) +'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +- GEN 47:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כַּמָּ֕ה יְמֵ֖י שְׁנֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **kammah** yeme shene hayyeykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Like-what** days-of years-of your-life + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How long** have you lived? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +for what / why (לָמָּה) +''''''''''''''''''''''' + +- GEN 4:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ **וְלָ֖מָּה** נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **lommah** harah lakh **welammah** noflu faneykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **For-what** you-angry to-you **and-for-what** has-fallen your-face + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Why** are you angry **and why** are you scowling? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +until what / how long (עַד־מָה) +''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +- PSA 79:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַד־מָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תֶּאֱנַ֣ף לָנֶ֑צַח + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ad-mah** yehwah te'enaf lanetsah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Until\_what** Yahweh will-you-be-angry forever + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How long**, Yahweh? Will you stay angry forever? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +upon what / why (עַל־מָה) +''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +- NUM 22:32 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַל־מָ֗ה הִכִּ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־אֲתֹ֣נְךָ֔ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'al-mah** hikkitha 'eth-'athonekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **On\_what** did-you-strike [dir.obj]\_your-donkey + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Why** have you struck your donkey? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`adverb` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Functioning like an interrogative adverb of manner "how" + +- GEN 44:16 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wumah**-nnitstaddaq + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-what** we-will-justify-ourselves + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **or how** can we justify ourselves? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +why +^^^ + +- EXO 14:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מַה־תִּצְעַ֖ק אֵלָ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mah**-tits'aq 'ela + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **what**\ \_you-cry-out to-me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **why** are you continuing to call out to me? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`adverb` used to introduce a question +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Adverb of manner "how?" +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +אֵיךְ + +- PSA 137:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ekh** nashir + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** can-we-sing + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** could we sing? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 12:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֚יךְ אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ekh** 'attem no'atsim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** you advise + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **How** do you advise me + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Adverb of place "where?" +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +אַיֵּה / אֵי + +- GEN 18:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַיֵּ֖ה שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ayyeh** sarah 'ishtekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** Sarah your-wife + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** is Sarah your wife? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- Gen 4:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'e** hevel 'ahikha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** Abel your-brother + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** is Abel, your brother? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 19:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ayyeh** ha'anashim 'asher-ba'u 'eleykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** the-men that\_came-in to-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Where** are the men that came in to you? + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/pronoun_interrogative/01.md b/content/pronoun_interrogative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 75a7444..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_interrogative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The interrogative pronoun shows that a sentence is a question. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_interrogative/02.md b/content/pronoun_interrogative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f4a100..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_interrogative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,385 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Interrogative means "having the force of a question", so an interrogative pronoun is a word that signals that someone is asking a question. Two of the most common ones (מִי and מָה) are identical to the [indefinite pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_indefinite/02.md), in which case the context has to make clear which one it is. - -## Form -Interrogative pronouns do not change their form based on number, gender, or person. Their vowels can change a little bit based on with which sound the next word begins. - -### Asking for a person (מִי) -"who?" - -* GEN 24:65 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִֽי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַלָּזֶה֙
**mi**-ha'ish hallazeh
**Who**_the-man the-that
**Who** is that man?
- -* EXO 15:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה
**mi**-khamokhah ba'elim yehwah
**Who**_like-you among-the-gods Yahweh
**Who** is like you, Yahweh, among the gods?
- -#### With לְ preposition -"to whom?" - -* GEN 32:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙
**lemi**-'attoh
**To-whom**_you
**To whom** do you belong?
- -#### Wish or optative -"I wish that someone" or "if only someone" - -* 2SA 15:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִי־יְשִׂמֵ֥נִי שֹׁפֵ֖ט בָּאָ֑רֶץ
**mi**-yesimeni shofet ba'arets
**Who**_will-put-me judge in-the-land
**I wish that** I were made judge in the land!
- -* 2SA 23:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִ֚י יַשְׁקֵ֣נִי מַ֔יִם
**mi** yashqeni mayim
**Who** will-give-me water
**If only someone** would give me water!
- -#### [Adverbially](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md) -Functioning like an interrogative adverb of manner "how" - -* AMO 7:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִ֥י יָק֖וּם יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב
**mi** yaqum ya'aqov
**How** will-survive Jacob
**How** will Jacob survive?
- -### Asking for a thing (מָה) -"what?" - -* 1SA 20:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַה־פִּשְׁעִי֙
**mah**-ppish'iy
**What**_my-iniquity
**What** is my iniquity?
- -* JDG 18:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מָ֥ה אַתֶּ֖ם עֹשִֽׂים
**mah** 'attem 'osim
**What** you are-doing
**What** are you doing?
- -#### with prepositions - -##### by what / how (בַּמָּה) - -* GEN 15:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בַּמָּ֥ה אֵדַ֖ע
**bammah** 'eda'
**In-the-what** will-I-know
**How** will I know?
- -##### like what / how many, how much (כַּמָּה) - -* GEN 47:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כַּמָּ֕ה יְמֵ֖י שְׁנֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ
**kammah** yeme shene hayyeykha
**Like-what** days-of years-of your-life
**How long** have you lived?
- -##### for what / why (לָמָּה) - -* GEN 4:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ **וְלָ֖מָּה** נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ
**lommah** harah lakh **welammah** noflu faneykha
**For-what** you-angry to-you **and-for-what** has-fallen your-face
**Why** are you angry **and why** are you scowling?
- -##### until what / how long (עַד־מָה) - -* PSA 79:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַד־מָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תֶּאֱנַ֣ף לָנֶ֑צַח
**'ad-mah** yehwah te'enaf lanetsah
**Until_what** Yahweh will-you-be-angry forever
**How long**, Yahweh? Will you stay angry forever?
- -##### upon what / why (עַל־מָה) - -* NUM 22:32 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַל־מָ֗ה הִכִּ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־אֲתֹ֣נְךָ֔
**'al-mah** hikkitha 'eth-'athonekha
**On_what** did-you-strike [dir.obj]_your-donkey
**Why** have you struck your donkey?
- -#### [Adverbially](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md) -Functioning like an interrogative adverb of manner "how" - -* GEN 44:16 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק
**wumah**-nnitstaddaq
**and-what** we-will-justify-ourselves
**or how** can we justify ourselves?
- -#### why - -* EXO 14:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מַה־תִּצְעַ֖ק אֵלָ֑י
**mah**-tits'aq 'ela
**what**_you-cry-out to-me
**why** are you continuing to call out to me?
- -### [Adverbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md) used to introduce a question - -#### Adverb of manner "how?" -אֵיךְ - -* PSA 137:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר
**'ekh** nashir
**How** can-we-sing
**How** could we sing?
- -* 1KI 12:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֚יךְ אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים
**'ekh** 'attem no'atsim
**How** you advise
**How** do you advise me
- -#### Adverb of place "where?" -אַיֵּה / אֵי - -* GEN 18:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַיֵּ֖ה שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ
**'ayyeh** sarah 'ishtekha
**Where** Sarah your-wife
**Where** is Sarah your wife?
- -* Gen 4:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יךָ
**'e** hevel 'ahikha
**Where** Abel your-brother
**Where** is Abel, your brother?
- -* GEN 19:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ
**'ayyeh** ha'anashim 'asher-ba'u 'eleykha
**Where** the-men that_came-in to-you
**Where** are the men that came in to you?
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_interrogative/title.md b/content/pronoun_interrogative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index f59717a..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_interrogative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Pronoun Interrogative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_personal.rst b/content/pronoun_personal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f86253 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pronoun_personal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1427 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_personal.rst + +.. _pronoun_personal: + +Pronoun Personal +================ + +Summary +------- + +A personal pronoun replaces a proper noun with "he", "she", "we", +"they", etc. + +Article +------- + +Independent personal pronouns are separate words, while :ref:`suffix_pronominal` +are attached to other words. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ani / 'anokhi + +.. raw:: html + + + +I + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'at + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוּא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hu + +.. raw:: html + + + +he / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִיא / הִוא + +.. raw:: html + + + +hi / hiw + +.. raw:: html + + + +she / it + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲנַחְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +'anahnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַתֵּנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'attenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵם / הֵמָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hem / hemmah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הֵן / הֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hen / hennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +Subject +~~~~~~~ + +When the personal pronoun does the action of the verb. + +For emphasis +^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Since the person doing the action is already implied in the verb form, +the personal pronoun is not necessary. If it is present, it is often for +emphasis. + +- 1KI 18:22 - to emphasize the loneliness of the prophet + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲנִ֞י נֹותַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ani** nowtharti navi layhwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** I-am-left prophet for-Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I, **I alone**, am left as a prophet of Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 41:10 - to emphasize God's promise + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַל־תִּירָא֙ כִּ֣י עִמְּךָ־\ **אָ֔נִי** אַל־תִּשְׁתָּ֖ע + כִּֽי־\ **אֲנִ֣י** אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'al-tira' ki 'immekha-**'ani** 'al-tishta' ki-\ **'ani** 'eloheykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Not\_fear for with-you\_\ **I** not\_be-anxious for\_\ **I** your-God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Do not fear, for **I** am with you. Do not be anxious, for **I** am + your God. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +In a verbless clause +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In a verbless clause, the implied subject cannot be known from the verb, +so then a personal pronoun is necessary. + +- EXO 6:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ani** yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** am Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JER 12:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tsaddiq **'attah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + righteous **you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **you** are righteous + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +With a :ref:`participle_active` +''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' + +- DEU 8:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'anokhi** metsawwekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** am-commanding-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I** am giving you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Repeating the :ref:`suffix_pronominal` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This is done for emphasis. + +- GEN 27:34 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־\ **אָ֖נִי** אָבִֽי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + barakheni gam-\ **'ani** 'avi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Bless-me also\_\ **me** my-father + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Bless me, **me** also, my father + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Here the pronominal suffix indicates the object of the verb. + +Special cases sometimes left untranslated +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Just mentioned +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- EZR 7:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ה֤וּא עֶזְרָא֙ עָלָ֣ה מִבָּבֶ֔ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hu** 'ezra' 'alah mibbavel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **He** Ezra came-up from-Babylon + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Ezra came up from Babylon + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Or: "It was this Ezra, the one just mentioned, that came up from + Babylon" + +Explanation +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Explains what it follows, or introduces a parenthetical comment. + +- GEN 36:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עֵשָׂ֖ו \ **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'esaw **hu** 'edom + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Esau **he** Edom + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Esau (**also called** Edom) + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/pronoun_personal/01.md b/content/pronoun_personal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ce6c61..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_personal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## Summary - -A personal pronoun replaces a proper noun with "he", "she", "we", "they", etc. diff --git a/content/pronoun_personal/02.md b/content/pronoun_personal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index b64cf70..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_personal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,196 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Independent personal pronouns are separate words, while [pronominal suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) are attached to other words. - -## Form - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singular first personאֲנִי / אָנֹכִי'ani / 'anokhiI
masculine singular second personאַתָּה'attahyou
feminine singular second personאַתְּ'atyou
masculine singular third personהוּאhuhe / it
feminine singular third personהִיא / הִואhi / hiwshe / it
common plural first personאֲנַחְנוּ'anahnuwe
masculine plural second personאַתֶּם'attemyou
feminine plural second personאַתֵּנָה'attenahyou
masculine plural third personהֵם / הֵמָּהhem / hemmahthey
feminine plural third personהֵן / הֵנָּהhen / hennahthey
- -## Function - -### Subject - -When the personal pronoun does the action of the verb. - -#### For emphasis - -Since the person doing the action is already implied in the verb form, the personal pronoun is not necessary. If it is present, it is often for emphasis. - -* 1KI 18:22 - to emphasize the loneliness of the prophet - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲנִ֞י נֹותַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה
**'ani** nowtharti navi layhwah
**I** I-am-left prophet for-Yahweh
I, **I alone**, am left as a prophet of Yahweh
- -* ISA 41:10 - to emphasize God's promise - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַל־תִּירָא֙ כִּ֣י עִמְּךָ־**אָ֔נִי** אַל־תִּשְׁתָּ֖ע כִּֽי־**אֲנִ֣י** אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ
'al-tira' ki 'immekha-**'ani** 'al-tishta' ki-**'ani** 'eloheykha
Not_fear for with-you\_**I** not_be-anxious for\_**I** your-God
Do not fear, for **I** am with you. Do not be anxious, for **I** am your God.
- -#### In a verbless clause - -In a verbless clause, the implied subject cannot be known from the verb, so then a personal pronoun is necessary. - -* EXO 6:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
**'ani** yehwah
**I** Yahweh
**I** am Yahweh.
- -* JER 12:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙
tsaddiq **'attah**
righteous **you**
**you** are righteous
- -##### With a [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md) - -* DEU 8:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛
**'anokhi** metsawwekha
**I** am-commanding-you
**I** am giving you
- -### Repeating the [pronomial suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) -This is done for emphasis. - -* GEN 27:34 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־**אָ֖נִי** אָבִֽי
barakheni gam-**'ani** 'avi
Bless-me also_**me** my-father
Bless me, **me** also, my father
-Here the pronominal suffix indicates the object of the verb. - -### Special cases sometimes left untranslated - -#### Just mentioned - -* EZR 7:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
ה֤וּא עֶזְרָא֙ עָלָ֣ה מִבָּבֶ֔ל
**hu** 'ezra' 'alah mibbavel
**He** Ezra came-up from-Babylon
Ezra came up from Babylon
-Or: "It was this Ezra, the one just mentioned, that came up from Babylon" - -### Explanation -Explains what it follows, or introduces a parenthetical comment. - -* GEN 36:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עֵשָׂ֖ו **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם
'esaw **hu** 'edom
Esau **he** Edom
Esau (**also called** Edom)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_personal/title.md b/content/pronoun_personal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index d77a507..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_personal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Pronoun Personal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_relative.rst b/content/pronoun_relative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46f21d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pronoun_relative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_relative.rst + +.. _pronoun_relative: + +Pronoun Relative +================ + +Summary +------- + +Relative pronouns refer to or introduce nouns or phrases in relative +clauses. They can be translated as “who,” “that,” “which,” "when," or +"where." + +Article +------- + +Most relative clauses use :ref:`particle_relative` +rather than relative pronouns. The main relative pronoun is זוּ, and it +is most commonly used in poetry. + +Intorducing a dependent clause +------------------------------ + +- EXO 15:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַם־\ **ז֣וּ** גָּאָ֑לְתָּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'am-**zu** ga'alta + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + people\_\ **whom** you-rescued + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + people you have rescued + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +זֶה +~~~ + +זֶה can also be used as a relative pronoun, but it is actually a +:ref:`pronoun_demonstrative-function-like-a-relative-pronoun`. + +- PSA 78:54 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַר־\ **זֶ֝֗ה** קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֹֽו׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + har-\ **zeh** qonthah yeminow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mountain\_\ **which** has-acquired his-right-hand + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + to this mountain **that** his right hand acquired. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/pronoun_relative/01.md b/content/pronoun_relative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index fc95d31..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_relative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Relative pronouns refer to or introduce nouns or phrases in relative clauses. They can be translated as “who,” “that,” “which,” "when," or "where." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_relative/02.md b/content/pronoun_relative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9c0bbd9..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_relative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Most relative clauses use [relative particles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_relative/02.md) rather than relative pronouns. The main relative pronoun is זוּ, and it is most commonly used in poetry. - -## Intorducing a dependent clause - -* EXO 15:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַם־**ז֣וּ** גָּאָ֑לְתָּ
'am-**zu** ga'alta
people_**whom** you-rescued
people you have rescued
- -### זֶה - -זֶה can also be used as a relative pronoun, but it is actually a [demonstrative pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md#function-like-a-relative-pronoun). - -* PSA 78:54 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַר־**זֶ֝֗ה** קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֹֽו׃
har-**zeh** qonthah yeminow
mountain_**which** has-acquired his-right-hand
to this mountain **that** his right hand acquired.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/pronoun_relative/title.md b/content/pronoun_relative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 17ece77..0000000 --- a/content/pronoun_relative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Pronoun Relative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_absolute.rst b/content/state_absolute.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0dc61cb --- /dev/null +++ b/content/state_absolute.rst @@ -0,0 +1,747 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/state_absolute.rst + +.. _state_absolute: + +State Absolute +============== + +Summary +------- + +The absolute state is the standard form of the noun. It can either +appear by itself, or at the end of a construct chain. + +Article +------- + +Form +---- + +A +:ref:`noun` +(or +:ref:`adjective`) +in the absolute state has the standard dictionary form in the +:ref:`number_singular`, +or the standard +:ref:`number_plural` +form. It can have a preposition, but it cannot have a :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +susim + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +susah + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The absolute state is the normal form of the noun, or adjective, and it +will always be in the absolute state unless something in the context +forces it to become a :ref:`state_construct`. +The absolute state means that the word is independent and can stand on +its own, while a construct word cannot. See also: :ref:`infinitive_absolute`. + +By itself +~~~~~~~~~ + +If a noun occurs "by itself" as the only word of a subject or object, it +is in the absolute state. + +- GEN 1:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בָּרָ֣א **אֱלֹהִ֑ים** אֵ֥ת **הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם** וְאֵ֥ת **הָאָֽרֶץ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + bara **'elohim** 'eth **hashamayim** we'eth **ha'arets** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + he-created **God** [dir.obj] **the-heavens** and-[dir.obj] + **the-earth**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **God** created **the heavens** and **the earth**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Both "God", the subject, and "the heavens" and "the earth", the two + direct objects, are in the absolute state. + +:ref:`noun_proper_name` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Names, or proper nouns, are always in the absolute state. + +As part of a :ref:`state_construct` chain +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +If a word in the absolute state is connected with a word in the +construct state, it forms a so-called construct chain, in which case the +word in the absolute state is always at the end of the chain. + +Indefinite +^^^^^^^^^^ + +If all nouns form a construct chain and both are indefinite you can +sometimes translate with an indefinite article. + +- 2SA 17:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א **בֶן**\ ־אִ֗ישׁ וּשְׁמֹו֙ יִתְרָ֣א + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'amasa **ven**-'ish ushemow yithra + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-Amasa **son-of**\ \_man and-his-name Jether + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Amasa was **a son of** a man named Jether + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 15:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ish **milhamah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + man-of **war** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + a **warr**\ ior + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In this example "a man of war" is an idiomatic expression, so the + smooth translation reads "a warrior". + +:ref:`state_determined` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +If the final, absolute, noun in a constuct chain is definite, the whole +chain is definite. + +- 2SA 14:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּאֶ֥בֶן **הַמֶּֽלֶךְ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + be'even **hammelekh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in-weight-of **the-king**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + by the weight of **the king**'s standard. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +"weight" is in the construct state, and "the king" is both definite and +absolute. Because the absolute noun is definite, the construct noun is +also definite. + +Genitive relationships +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +For more examples on how to translate a construct chain, see +:ref:`state_construct-translating-a-construct-chain`. diff --git a/content/state_absolute/01.md b/content/state_absolute/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index e4d6d00..0000000 --- a/content/state_absolute/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## Summary - -The absolute state is the standard form of the noun. It can either appear by itself, or at the end of a construct chain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_absolute/02.md b/content/state_absolute/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3991229..0000000 --- a/content/state_absolute/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -## Form -A [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) (or [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md)) in the absolute state has the standard dictionary form in the [singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md), or the standard [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md) form. -It can have a preposition, but it cannot have a [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Noun, masculine singular absoluteסוּסsusstallion
Noun, masculine plural absoluteסוּסִיםsusimstallions
Noun, feminine singular absoluteסוּסָהsusahmare
Noun, feminine plural absoluteסוּסוֹתsusothmares
- -## Function -The absolute state is the normal form of the noun, or adjective, and it will always be in the absolute state unless something in the context forces it to become a [construct state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md). -The absolute state means that the word is independent and can stand on its own, while a construct word cannot. -See also: [Infinitive absolute](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md). - -### By itself -If a noun occurs "by itself" as the only word of a subject or object, it is in the absolute state. - -* GEN 1:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בָּרָ֣א **אֱלֹהִ֑ים** אֵ֥ת **הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם** וְאֵ֥ת **הָאָֽרֶץ**׃
bara **'elohim** 'eth **hashamayim** we'eth **ha'arets**
he-created **God** [dir.obj] **the-heavens** and-[dir.obj] **the-earth**.
**God** created **the heavens** and **the earth**.
-Both "God", the subject, and "the heavens" and "the earth", the two direct objects, are in the absolute state. - -#### [Names](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/02.md) - -Names, or proper nouns, are always in the absolute state. - -### As part of a [construct](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md) chain - -If a word in the absolute state is connected with a word in the construct state, it forms a so-called construct chain, in which case the word in the absolute state is always at the end of the chain. - -#### Indefinite - -If all nouns form a construct chain and both are indefinite you can sometimes translate with an indefinite article. - -* 2SA 17:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א **בֶן**־אִ֗ישׁ וּשְׁמֹו֙ יִתְרָ֣א
wa'amasa **ven**-'ish ushemow yithra
and-Amasa **son-of**_man and-his-name Jether
Amasa was **a son of** a man named Jether
- -* EXO 15:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה
'ish **milhamah**
man-of **war**
a **warr**ior
-In this example "a man of war" is an idiomatic expression, so the smooth translation reads "a warrior". - -### [Definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md) - -If the final, absolute, noun in a constuct chain is definite, the whole chain is definite. - -* 2SA 14:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּאֶ֥בֶן **הַמֶּֽלֶךְ**׃
be'even **hammelekh**
in-weight-of **the-king**.
by the weight of **the king**'s standard.
- -"weight" is in the construct state, and "the king" is both definite and absolute. Because the absolute noun is definite, the construct noun is also definite. - -#### Genitive relationships - -For more examples on how to translate a construct chain, see [here](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md#translating-a-construct-chain). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_absolute/title.md b/content/state_absolute/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index c3e6461..0000000 --- a/content/state_absolute/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -State Absolute \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_construct.rst b/content/state_construct.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..914b3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/state_construct.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1718 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/state_construct.rst + +.. _state_construct: + +State Construct +=============== + +Summary +------- + +Words in the construct state show that they are connected with other +words, or that they have a suffix. They are often translated with "of" +to show this connection. + +Article +------- + +Several construct +:ref:`noun` +can be placed together to form a construct chain. The last of those is +in the :ref:`state_absolute`, +however. + +Construct nouns do not take :ref:`particle_definite_article`, +but they are +:ref:`state_determined` +if the last word of the chain is definite. + +:ref:`adjective` +and :ref:`pronoun_demonstrative` +normally follow the construct chain rather than interrupting it. + +Form +---- + +In the regular forms, the masculine singular form is identical to the +absolute state. Masculine plural drops the final ם and change the final +hireq to a segol (i-sound to e-sound). + +Feminine singular often changes from a final ה to a final ת ("-ah" to +"-ath"). Feminine plural often stays identical to the absolute form. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Word + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּס + +.. raw:: html + + + +sus + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallion of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, masculine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵי + +.. raw:: html + + + +suse + +.. raw:: html + + + +stallions of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine singular construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסַת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susat + +.. raw:: html + + + +mare of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Noun, feminine plural construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +susoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +mares of + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Indefinite +---------- + +If all nouns form a construct chain and both are indefinite you can +sometimes translate with an indefinite article. + +- 2SA 17:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א **בֶן**\ ־אִ֗ישׁ וּשְׁמֹו֙ יִתְרָ֣א + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'amasa **ven**-'ish ushemow yithra + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-Amasa **son-of**\ \_man and-his-name Jether + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Amasa was **a son of** a man named Jether + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 15:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ish** milhamah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **man-of** war + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **a** warr\ **ior** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In this example "a man of war" is an idiomatic expression, so the + smooth translation reads "a warrior". + +Definite +-------- + +If the final, absolute, noun in a constuct chain is definite, the whole +chain is definite. + +- JOS 4:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'aron** habberith + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ark-of** the-covenant + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the ark** of the covenant + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אֲר֣וֹן is indefinite by itself, but it is +:ref:`state_determined` +because it is in a construct chain with the definite הַבְּרִ֑ית. + +- 1SA 20:27 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בֵּ֣ן לְיִשַׁי֮ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ben** leyishay + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **son-of** Jesse + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the son** of Jesse + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Because +:ref:`noun_proper_name` +are definite, words in construct chains with a name are also definite + +.. _state_construct-translating-a-construct-chain: + +Translating a construct chain +----------------------------- + +Construct chains are the most common way to express genitive +relationships in Biblical Hebrew. They are often translated with “of,” +but context can allow other translations. + +Possessive +~~~~~~~~~~ + +A construct chain can function as showing that the word in the construct +state is owned by the word (person) that is in the absolute state. + +- 1KI 9:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **beth** hammelekh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **house-of** the-king + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the king\ **'s palace** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Material +~~~~~~~~ + +When the word in the construct state is an object, the word in the +absolute state can indicate the material it is made of. + +- 1KI 10:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כְּלֵ֣י כֶסֶף֩ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **kele** khesef + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **vessels-of** silver + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **vessels** of silver + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Attributive +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Sometimes one of the nouns in a construct chain can take on the function +of an +:ref:`adjective-attributive`. + +- ISA 6:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + זֶ֥רַע קֹ֖דֶשׁ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **zera'** qodesh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **seed-of** holiness + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + a holy **seed** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Here the final noun, that is in the absolute state, functions like an +adjective. + +"With" +~~~~~~ + +If the word in a construct state is a +:ref:`participle_active`, +context can lead to a translatino with "with". + +- EXO 3:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֶ֛רֶץ \ **זָבַ֥ת** חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'erets **zavath** halav udevash + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + land **flowing-with** milk and-honey + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + a land **flowing with** milk and honey + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Appositional +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +If a :ref:`noun_common` +(in the construct state) is followed by a :ref:`noun_proper_name` +(in the absolute state), they can mean the same thing. + +- EXO 7:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'erets** mitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **land-of** Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the land** of Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Result +~~~~~~ + +The noun in the construct state may be intended for a particular +purpose, which is indicated by a noun in the absolute state. + +- PSA 44:22 (PSA 44:23 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כְּצֹ֣אן טִבְחָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ketson** tivhah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **like-sheep-of** slaughter + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **as sheep for** the slaughter + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Agent or means +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The word in the absolute state can indicate who or what is the cause of +word in the construct state. + +- ISA 53:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מֻכֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **mukkeh** 'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **struck-of** God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **struck by** God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Superlative +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A construct chain can be used to indicate something is the most extreme +in a certain category. + +- SNG 1:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שִׁ֥יר הַשִּׁירִ֖ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shir** hashirim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Song-of** the-songs + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The greatest **song** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal` +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +If a +:ref:`noun`, +a +:ref:`participle_active`, +or an :ref:`infinitive_construct` +has a pronominal suffix, it is *always* in the construct state. + +- 2SA 17:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He went **home** to **his own city** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/state_construct/01.md b/content/state_construct/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f341129..0000000 --- a/content/state_construct/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Words in the construct state show that they are connected with other words, or that they have a suffix. They are often translated with "of" to show this connection. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_construct/02.md b/content/state_construct/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 89fbb32..0000000 --- a/content/state_construct/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,303 +0,0 @@ -## Article -Several construct [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) can be placed together to form a construct chain. The last of those is in the [absolute state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md), however. - -Construct nouns do not take [definite articles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md), but they are [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md) if the last word of the chain is definite. - -[Adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md) and [demonstrative pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md) normally follow the construct chain rather than interrupting it. - -## Form -In the regular forms, the masculine singular form is identical to the absolute state. Masculine plural drops the final ם and change the final hireq to a segol (i-sound to e-sound). - -Feminine singular often changes from a final ה to a final ת ("-ah" to "-ath"). Feminine plural often stays identical to the absolute form. - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WordHebrewTransliterationGloss
Noun, masculine singular constructסוּסsusstallion of
Noun, masculine plural constructסוּסֵיsusestallions of
Noun, feminine singular constructסוּסַתsusatmare of
Noun, feminine plural constructסוּסוֹתsusothmares of
- -## Indefinite - -If all nouns form a construct chain and both are indefinite you can sometimes translate with an indefinite article. - -* 2SA 17:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א **בֶן**־אִ֗ישׁ וּשְׁמֹו֙ יִתְרָ֣א
wa'amasa **ven**-'ish ushemow yithra
and-Amasa **son-of**_man and-his-name Jether
Amasa was **a son of** a man named Jether
- -* EXO 15:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה
**'ish** milhamah
**man-of** war
**a** warr**ior**
-In this example "a man of war" is an idiomatic expression, so the smooth translation reads "a warrior". - -## Definite - -If the final, absolute, noun in a constuct chain is definite, the whole chain is definite. - -* JOS 4:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית
**'aron** habberith
**ark-of** the-covenant
**the ark** of the covenant
- -אֲר֣וֹן is indefinite by itself, but it is [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md) because it is in a construct chain with the definite הַבְּרִ֑ית. - -* 1SA 20:27 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בֵּ֣ן לְיִשַׁי֮
**ben** leyishay
**son-of** Jesse
**the son** of Jesse
- -Because [names](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/02.md) are definite, words in construct chains with a name are also definite - -## Translating a construct chain - -Construct chains are the most common way to express genitive relationships in Biblical Hebrew. They are often translated with “of,” but context can allow other translations. - -### Possessive - -A construct chain can function as showing that the word in the construct state is owned by the word (person) that is in the absolute state. - -* 1KI 9:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
**beth** hammelekh
**house-of** the-king
the king**'s palace**
- -### Material - -When the word in the construct state is an object, the word in the absolute state can indicate the material it is made of. - -* 1KI 10:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כְּלֵ֣י כֶסֶף֩
**kele** khesef
**vessels-of** silver
**vessels** of silver
- -### Attributive - -Sometimes one of the nouns in a construct chain can take on the function of an [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md#attributive). - -* ISA 6:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
זֶ֥רַע קֹ֖דֶשׁ
**zera'** qodesh
**seed-of** holiness
a holy **seed**
- -Here the final noun, that is in the absolute state, functions like an adjective. - -### "With" - -If the word in a construct state is a [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md), context can lead to a translatino with "with". - -* EXO 3:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֶ֛רֶץ **זָבַ֥ת** חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ
'erets **zavath** halav udevash
land **flowing-with** milk and-honey
a land **flowing with** milk and honey
- -### Appositional - -If a [common noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md) (in the construct state) is followed by a [proper noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/02.md) (in the absolute state), they can mean the same thing. - -* EXO 7:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם
**'erets** mitsrayim
**land-of** Egypt
**the land** of Egypt
- -### Result - -The noun in the construct state may be intended for a particular purpose, which is indicated by a noun in the absolute state. - -* PSA 44:22 (PSA 44:23 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כְּצֹ֣אן טִבְחָֽה
**ketson** tivhah
**like-sheep-of** slaughter
**as sheep for** the slaughter
- -### Agent or means - -The word in the absolute state can indicate who or what is the cause of word in the construct state. - -* ISA 53:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מֻכֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים
**mukkeh** 'elohim
**struck-of** God
**struck by** God
- -### Superlative - -A construct chain can be used to indicate something is the most extreme in a certain category. - -* SNG 1:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שִׁ֥יר הַשִּׁירִ֖ים
**shir** hashirim
**Song-of** the-songs
The greatest **song**
- -## [Pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) - -If a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), a [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md), or an [infinitive verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_construct/02.md) has a pronominal suffix, it is *always* in the construct state. - -* 2SA 17:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־**בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
And-he-stood-up and-went to\_**his-house** to\_**his-city**
He went **home** to **his own city**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_construct/title.md b/content/state_construct/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb5ebb6..0000000 --- a/content/state_construct/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -State Construct \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_determined.rst b/content/state_determined.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c088e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/state_determined.rst @@ -0,0 +1,3995 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/state_determined.rst + +.. _state_determined: + +State Determined +================ + +Summary +------- + +The determined or definite state means that a noun or pronoun refers to +something or someone specific instead of to something in general. + +Article +------- + +:ref:`noun` +are determined because of their nature, or because of their context. + +Function of determined nouns +---------------------------- + +A noun or +:ref:`pronoun` +is determined (or definite) if it is used to explicitly refer to one +single thing (the lamp), person (John), or example (the first world +war), instead of to a general idea (a lamp/lamps, people/men, war/a +war). + +Recognizing determined nouns +---------------------------- + +Intrinsically determined +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +There are three types of nouns that are intrinsically determined: +:ref:`noun_proper_name`, +:ref:`pronoun_personal`, +and :ref:`pronoun_demonstrative`. + +:ref:`noun_proper_name` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 1SA 9:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּשְׁמוּאֵ֖ל רָאָ֣ה אֶת־\ **שָׁא֑וּל וַיהוָ֣ה** עָנָ֔הוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **ushemu'el** ra'ah 'eth-**sha'ul wayhwah** 'anahu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-Samuel** saw [dir.obj]\_**Saul and-Yahweh** answered-him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **When Samuel** saw **Saul**, **Yahweh** told him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1CH 21:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֵּצֵ֣א **יֹואָ֗ב** וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ בְּכָל־\ **יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל** + וַיָּבֹ֖א **יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyetse **yow'av** wayyithhallekh bekhol-\ **yisra'el** wayyavo + **yerushalam** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-went-out **Joab** and-he-walked in-all\_\ **Israel** + and-he-came-in **Jerusalem**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So **Joab** left and went throughout all **Israel**. Then he came + back to **Jerusalem**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`pronoun_personal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JER 12:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tsaddiq **'attah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + righteous **you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **you** are righteous + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 27:34 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־\ **אָ֖נִי** אָבִֽי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + barakheni gam-\ **'ani** 'avi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Bless-me also\_\ **me** my-father + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Bless me, **me** also, my father + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _state_determined-demonstrative-pronouns: + +:ref:`pronoun_demonstrative` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JDG 7:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ \ **זֶ֣ה** ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ + אִתָּ֗ךְ ה֚וּא יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehayah 'asher 'omar 'eleykha **zeh** yelekh 'ittakh hu yelekh + 'ittakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-is that I-will-say to-you **This** he-will-go-with-you he + he-will-go with-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If I say to you, "**This** one will go with you," he will go with you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 6:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְקָרָ֨א \ **זֶ֤ה** אֶל־זֶה֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weqara **zeh** 'el-**zeh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-called **this** to\_\ **this** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And **each one** called to **another** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Contextually determined +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +There are three ways to make a noun determined: the :ref:`particle_definite_article`, +the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`, +and connected with another determined noun in the :ref:`state_construct`. + +:ref:`particle_definite_article` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- DEU 1:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּיטַ֥ב בְּעֵינַ֖י הַדָּבָ֑ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyitav be'enay **haddavar** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-seemed-good in-my-eyes **the-thing** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **The advice** pleased me well + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 5:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֹ֛וי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + howy mashkime **vabboqer** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Woe who-rise-up **in-the-morning** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Woe to those who rise up early **in the morning** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`suffix_pronominal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 2SA 17:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-stood-up and-he-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He went **home** to **his own city** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZR 9:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְ֠עַתָּה **בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם** אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ **לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם + וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙** אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'attah **benowthekhem** 'al-tittenu **livnehem uvenothehem** + 'al-tis'u **livnekhem** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-now **your-daughters** not\_give **to-their-sons + and-their-daughters** not\_take **for-your-sons** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take + **their daughters** for **your sons** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Construction with determined noun +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 2:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֣לֶּה **תֹולְדֹ֧ות** הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ בְּהִבָּֽרְאָ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'elleh **thowldowth** hashamayim weha'arets behibbare'am + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + This **account-of** the-heavens and-the-earth when-they-were-created + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + These were **the events** concerning the heavens and the earth, when + they were created + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + "the heavens and the earth" are determined by the definite article, + and "account" or "events" is therefore also determined. + +- DEU 10:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם **בְּאֶ֥רֶץ** מִצְרָֽיִם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki-gerim heyithem **be'erets** mitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for\_foreigners you-were **in-land-of** Egypt. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for you were foreigners **in the land** of Egypt. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + "Egypt" is the intrinsically determined word and "land" is therefore + also determined. + +Poetry +^^^^^^ + +In poetry determined words often do not have the +:ref:`particle_definite_article`. + +- PSA 2:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yithyatsevu malkhe-\ **'erets** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They-take-their-stand kings-of\_\ **earth** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The kings of **the earth** take their stand + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In "normal" narrative texts the Hebrew would probably read + יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ׀ מַלְכֵי הָאָ֖רֶץ + +-------------- + +.. _state_determined-demonstrative: + +Demonstrative +^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In these instances the definite article has the same function as a +:ref:`pronoun_demonstrative`. + +- GEN 19:14 - the night = this night = tonight + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ayyeh ha'anashim 'asher-ba'u 'eleykha **hallaylah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Where the-men who\_came-in to-you **the-night** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Where are the men that came in to you **tonight**? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 18:21 - the day = this day = today + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י **הַיֹּֽום**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tithhatten bi **hayyowm** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You-will-become-son-in-law to-me **the day**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Today** you will be my son-in-law. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Possessive +^^^^^^^^^^ + +In this case the definite article has the same function as a :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. +The person or group to whom the object or objects belong is always +mentioned in the immediate context. + +- JDG 4:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב + וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyahom yehwah 'eth-sisera we'eth-kol-harekhev + we'eth-kol-\ **hammahaneh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-confused Yahweh [dir.obj]\_Sisera + and-[dir.obj]\_all\_the-chariots and-[dir.obj]\_all\_\ **the-army**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh made Sisera's army confused, all his chariots, and all **his + army**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 16:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנּ֖וֹר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + welaqah dawid 'eth-**hakkinnor** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-took David [dir.obj]\_**the-harp** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + David took **his harp** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Already mentioned +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +If an item has been mentioned before, it can take the article later as a +short reference. + +- 1KI 3:24 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ קְח֣וּ לִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיָּבִ֥אוּ \ **הַחֶ֖רֶב** לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer hammelekh qehu li-harev wayyavi'u **haherev** lifne + hammelekh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-said the-king take to-me\_sword and-they-brought **the-sword** + before the-king. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The king said, "Bring me a sword." So they brought **a sword** before + the king. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ZEC 3:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וָאֹמַ֕ר יָשִׂ֛ימוּ צָנִ֥יף טָהֹ֖ור עַל־רֹאשֹׁ֑ו וַיָּשִׂימוּ֩ + **הַצָּנִ֨יף הַטָּהֹ֜ור** עַל־רֹאשֹׁ֗ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'omar yasimu tsanif tahowr 'al-roshow wayyasimu **hatsanif + hattahowr** 'al-roshow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-I-said put turban clean on\_his-head and-they-put **the-turban + the-clean** on\_his-head + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I said, "Let them put a clean turban on his head!" So they set **a + clean turban** on his head + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Well known fact +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 22:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֲצֵ֣י הָעֹלָ֗ה ... וַיִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־\ **הָאֵ֖שׁ** וְאֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyiqqah 'avraham 'eth-'atse ha'olah ... wayyiqqah beyado + 'eth-**ha'esh** we'eth-\ **hamma'akheleth** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-took Abraham [dir.obj]\_wood-for the-burnt-offering ... + and-he-took in-his-hand [dir.obj]\_**the-fire** + and-[dir.obj]\_\ **the-knife** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering ... he took in his + own hand **the fire** and **the knife** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Vocative +^^^^^^^^ + +Vocative means that you speak to someone directly. In older English this +is sometimes done with "oh", in modern English there is no special way +to mark direct address. + +- 1SA 17:58 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בֶּן־מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה הַנָּ֑עַר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ben-mi 'attah **hanna'ar** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Son-of\_whom you **the-young-man** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Whose son are you, **young man**? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2KI 6:26 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הוֹשִׁ֖יעָה אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hoshi'ah 'adoni **hammelekh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Help my-lord **the-king** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Help, my master, **king** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Unique objects +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +A small number of unique objects in the universe (almost) always receive +a definite article. + +- 2KI 3:22 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ זָרְחָ֣ה עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wehashemesh** zorhah 'al-**hammayim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-the-sun** shone on\_\ **the-water**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and the sun** reflected on **the water**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Unique object: "the sun" + +- NEH 9:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עָשִׂ֡יתָ אֶֽת־\ **הַשָּׁמַיִם֩** שְׁמֵ֨י **הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם** + וְכָל־צְבָאָ֗ם **הָאָ֜רֶץ** וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'asitha 'eth-**hashamayim** sheme **hashamayim** wekhol-tseva'am + **ha'arets** wekhol-'asher 'aleyha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You-have-made [dir.obj]\_**the-heavens** heaven-of **the-heavens** + en-all\_their-host **the-earth** en-all\_that-is on-it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You have made **heaven**, **the** highest **heavens**, with all their + host, and **the earth** and everything on it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Unique objects: "the heavens" and "the earth" + +Classes +^^^^^^^ + +Sometimes a person or a group belongs to a class or a type of people, or +an object is made of a class or a type of material. + +People +'''''' + +- GEN 18:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָיָ֥ה כַצַּדִּ֖יק כָּרָשָׁ֑ע + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehayah **khatsaddiq karasha'** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-they-are **like-the-righteous like-the-wicked** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + so that **the righteous** should be treated **the same as the + wicked** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The definite article is incorporated in the prepositions כַ and כָּ + (like). + +- JOS 8:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָאֹורֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקֹומֹ֤ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weha'owrev** qam meherah mimmeqowmow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-the-people-laying-in-ambush** stood quickly from-their-place + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **The soldiers hiding in ambush** quickly rushed out of their place + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The word "people laying in ambush" is a + :ref:`participle_active` + (see below). + +Material +'''''''' + +- 1KI 15:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקַּ֣ח אָ֠סָא אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֨סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֜ב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyiqqah 'asa 'eth-kol-**hakkesef wehazzahav** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-took Asa [dir.obj]\_all\_**the-silver and-the-gold** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then Asa took all **the silver and gold** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1CH 29:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲכִינֹ֣ותִי לְבֵית־אֱלֹהַ֗י הַזָּהָ֣ב׀ לַ֠זָּהָב וְהַכֶּ֨סֶף + לַכֶּ֜סֶף וְהַנְּחֹ֣שֶׁת לַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁת הַבַּרְזֶל֙ לַבַּרְזֶ֔ל + וְהָעֵצִ֖ים לָעֵצִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hakhinowthi leveth-'elohay **hazzahav lazzahov wehakkesef lakkesef + wehannehosheth lannehosheth habbarzel labbarzel weha'etsim la'etsim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-have-provided for-house-of\_my-God **the-gold for-the-gold + and-the-silver for-the-silver and-the-bronze for-the-bronze the-iron + for-the-iron and-the-wood for-the-wood**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I have provided for the temple of my God: **gold for the things to be + made of gold, silver for the things to be made of silver, bronze for + the things to be made of bronze, iron for the things to be made of + iron, and wood for the things to be made of wood**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +With :ref:`adjective` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +:ref:`adjective-attributive` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When a +:ref:`noun_common` +is followed by an adjective and both words are +:ref:`state_determined`, +the adjective describes an attribute of the noun. + +- JOS 21:45 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִכֹּל֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטֹּ֔וב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mikkol **haddavar hattowv** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + of-all **the-word the-good** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + among all **the good promises** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DEU 7:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַמַּסֹּ֨ת הַגְּדֹלֹ֜ת אֲשֶׁר־רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hammassoth haggedoloth** 'asher-ra'u 'eneykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the-sufferings the-great** which\_saw your-eyes + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the great sufferings** that your eyes saw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`adjective-superlative` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +When two or more items are compared and one of the items is the most +extreme in one aspect, the definite article plays a part. + +- 1SA 16:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עֹ֚וד שָׁאַ֣ר **הַקָּטָ֔ן** וְהִנֵּ֥ה רֹעֶ֖ה בַּצֹּ֑אן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'owd sha'ar **haqqatan** wehinneh ro'eh batson + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Still remains **the-youngest** and-see tending to-the-sheep. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + There remains yet **the youngest**, but he is tending the sheep. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- SNG 1:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hayyafah** bannashim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the-fair** among-the-women + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the fairest** among women + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Distinctive +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- 1KI 18:39 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא **הָאֱלֹהִֽים**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yhwh hu **ha'elohim** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh he **the-God**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh, he is **God**! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Generic classes +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 8:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָֽעֹרֵ֑ב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayshallah 'eth-**ha'orev** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He-sent [dir.obj]\_**the-raven** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He sent out **a raven** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Relative +~~~~~~~~ + +When the definite article is used in front of a +:ref:`verb`, +it takes on a relative meaning. + +With :ref:`participle_passive` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 12:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לַיהוָ֖ה \ **הַנִּרְאֶ֥ה** אֵלָֽיו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + layhwah **hannir'eh** 'elayw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + to-Yahweh **the-appeared** to-him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + to Yahweh, **who had appeared** to him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOS 8:19 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָאֹורֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקֹומֹ֤ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weha'owrev** qam meherah mimmeqowmow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-those-who-were-laying-in-ambush** stood quickly + from-their-place + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **The soldiers hiding in ambush** quickly rushed out of their place + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +With :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JOS 10:24 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **heholkhu** 'itto + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **the-walked** with-him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **who had gone** with him + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/state_determined/01.md b/content/state_determined/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 28318d4..0000000 --- a/content/state_determined/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The determined or definite state means that a noun or pronoun refers to something or someone specific instead of to something in general. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_determined/02.md b/content/state_determined/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 78dcda3..0000000 --- a/content/state_determined/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,711 +0,0 @@ -## Article -[Nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) are determined because of their nature, or because of their context. - -## Function of determined nouns -A noun or [pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun/02.md) is determined (or definite) if it is used to explicitly refer to one single thing (the lamp), person (John), or example (the first world war), instead of to a general idea (a lamp/lamps, people/men, war/a war). - -## Recognizing determined nouns - -### Intrinsically determined -There are three types of nouns that are intrinsically determined: [proper nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/02.md), [personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), and [demonstrative pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md). - -#### [Proper nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_proper_name/02.md) - -* 1SA 9:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֖ל רָאָ֣ה אֶת־**שָׁא֑וּל וַיהוָ֣ה** עָנָ֔הוּ
**ushemu'el** ra'ah 'eth-**sha'ul wayhwah** 'anahu
**And-Samuel** saw [dir.obj]_**Saul and-Yahweh** answered-him
**When Samuel** saw **Saul**, **Yahweh** told him
- -* 1CH 21:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֵּצֵ֣א **יֹואָ֗ב** וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ בְּכָל־**יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל** וַיָּבֹ֖א **יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם**׃
wayyetse **yow'av** wayyithhallekh bekhol-**yisra'el** wayyavo **yerushalam**
And-he-went-out **Joab** and-he-walked in-all_**Israel** and-he-came-in **Jerusalem**.
So **Joab** left and went throughout all **Israel**. Then he came back to **Jerusalem**.
- -#### [Personal pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md) - -* JER 12:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙
tsaddiq **'attah**
righteous **you**
**you** are righteous
- -* GEN 27:34 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־**אָ֖נִי** אָבִֽי
barakheni gam-**'ani** 'avi
Bless-me also_**me** my-father
Bless me, **me** also, my father
- -#### [Demonstrative pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md) - -* JDG 7:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ **זֶ֣ה** ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֗ךְ ה֚וּא יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ
wehayah 'asher 'omar 'eleykha **zeh** yelekh 'ittakh hu yelekh 'ittakh
And-it-is that I-will-say to-you **This** he-will-go-with-you he he-will-go with-you
If I say to you, "**This** one will go with you," he will go with you
- -* ISA 6:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְקָרָ֨א **זֶ֤ה** אֶל־זֶה֙
weqara **zeh** 'el-**zeh**
And-he-called **this** to_**this**
And **each one** called to **another**
- -### Contextually determined -There are three ways to make a noun determined: the [article prefix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md), the [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md), and connected with another determined noun in the [construct state](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md). - -#### [Article prefix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md) - -* DEU 1:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּיטַ֥ב בְּעֵינַ֖י הַדָּבָ֑ר
wayyitav be'enay **haddavar**
And-it-seemed-good in-my-eyes **the-thing**
**The advice** pleased me well
- -* ISA 5:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֹ֛וי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר
howy mashkime **vabboqer**
Woe who-rise-up **in-the-morning**
Woe to those who rise up early **in the morning**
- -#### [Pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) - -* 2SA 17:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־**בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
And-he-stood-up and-he-went to\_**his-house** to\_**his-city**
He went **home** to **his own city**
- -* EZR 9:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְ֠עַתָּה **בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם** אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ **לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙** אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם
we'attah **benowthekhem** 'al-tittenu **livnehem uvenothehem** 'al-tis'u **livnekhem**
And-now **your-daughters** not_give **to-their-sons and-their-daughters** not_take **for-your-sons**
So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take **their daughters** for **your sons**
- -#### Construction with determined noun - -* GEN 2:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֣לֶּה **תֹולְדֹ֧ות** הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ בְּהִבָּֽרְאָ֑ם
'elleh **thowldowth** hashamayim weha'arets behibbare'am
This **account-of** the-heavens and-the-earth when-they-were-created
These were **the events** concerning the heavens and the earth, when they were created
-"the heavens and the earth" are determined by the definite article, and "account" or "events" is therefore also determined. - -* DEU 10:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם **בְּאֶ֥רֶץ** מִצְרָֽיִם׃
ki-gerim heyithem **be'erets** mitsrayim
for_foreigners you-were **in-land-of** Egypt.
for you were foreigners **in the land** of Egypt.
-"Egypt" is the intrinsically determined word and "land" is therefore also determined. - -#### Poetry -In poetry determined words often do not have the [article](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_definite_article/02.md). - -* PSA 2:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ
yithyatsevu malkhe-**'erets**
They-take-their-stand kings-of_**earth**
The kings of **the earth** take their stand
-In "normal" narrative texts the Hebrew would probably read יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ׀ מַלְכֵי הָאָ֖רֶץ - - ------------------------------ - - -#### Demonstrative -In these instances the definite article has the same function as a [demonstrative pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative/02.md). - -* GEN 19:14 - the night = this night = tonight - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה
'ayyeh ha'anashim 'asher-ba'u 'eleykha **hallaylah**
Where the-men who_came-in to-you **the-night**
Where are the men that came in to you **tonight**?
- -* 1SA 18:21 - the day = this day = today - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י **הַיֹּֽום**׃
tithhatten bi **hayyowm**
You-will-become-son-in-law to-me **the day**.
**Today** you will be my son-in-law.
- -#### Possessive -In this case the definite article has the same function as a [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). The person or group to whom the object or objects belong is always mentioned in the immediate context. - -* JDG 4:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה
wayyahom yehwah 'eth-sisera we'eth-kol-harekhev we'eth-kol-**hammahaneh**
And-he-confused Yahweh [dir.obj]\_Sisera and-[dir.obj]\_all\_the-chariots and-[dir.obj]\_all\_**the-army**.
Yahweh made Sisera's army confused, all his chariots, and all **his army**.
- -* 1SA 16:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנּ֖וֹר
welaqah dawid 'eth-**hakkinnor**
and-he-took David [dir.obj]_**the-harp**
David took **his harp**
- -#### Already mentioned -If an item has been mentioned before, it can take the article later as a short reference. - -* 1KI 3:24 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ קְח֣וּ לִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיָּבִ֥אוּ **הַחֶ֖רֶב** לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
wayyomer hammelekh qehu li-harev wayyavi'u **haherev** lifne hammelekh
And-he-said the-king take to-me_sword and-they-brought **the-sword** before the-king.
The king said, "Bring me a sword." So they brought **a sword** before the king.
- -* ZEC 3:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וָאֹמַ֕ר יָשִׂ֛ימוּ צָנִ֥יף טָהֹ֖ור עַל־רֹאשֹׁ֑ו וַיָּשִׂימוּ֩ **הַצָּנִ֨יף הַטָּהֹ֜ור** עַל־רֹאשֹׁ֗ו
wa'omar yasimu tsanif tahowr 'al-roshow wayyasimu **hatsanif hattahowr** 'al-roshow
And-I-said put turban clean on_his-head and-they-put **the-turban the-clean** on_his-head
I said, "Let them put a clean turban on his head!" So they set **a clean turban** on his head
- -#### Well known fact - -* GEN 22:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֲצֵ֣י הָעֹלָ֗ה ... וַיִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־**הָאֵ֖שׁ** וְאֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת
wayyiqqah 'avraham 'eth-'atse ha'olah ... wayyiqqah beyado 'eth-**ha'esh** we'eth-**hamma'akheleth**
And-he-took Abraham [dir.obj]\_wood-for the-burnt-offering ... and-he-took in-his-hand [dir.obj]\_**the-fire** and-[dir.obj]\_**the-knife**
Then Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering ... he took in his own hand **the fire** and **the knife**
- -#### Vocative -Vocative means that you speak to someone directly. In older English this is sometimes done with "oh", in modern English there is no special way to mark direct address. - -* 1SA 17:58 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בֶּן־מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה הַנָּ֑עַר
ben-mi 'attah **hanna'ar**
Son-of_whom you **the-young-man**
Whose son are you, **young man**?
- -* 2KI 6:26 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הוֹשִׁ֖יעָה אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
hoshi'ah 'adoni **hammelekh**
Help my-lord **the-king**
Help, my master, **king**
- -#### Unique objects -A small number of unique objects in the universe (almost) always receive a definite article. - -* 2KI 3:22 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ זָרְחָ֣ה עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם
**wehashemesh** zorhah 'al-**hammayim**
**and-the-sun** shone on_**the-water**.
**and the sun** reflected on **the water**.
-Unique object: "the sun" - -* NEH 9:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עָשִׂ֡יתָ אֶֽת־**הַשָּׁמַיִם֩** שְׁמֵ֨י **הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם** וְכָל־צְבָאָ֗ם **הָאָ֜רֶץ** וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָלֶ֨יהָ֙
'asitha 'eth-**hashamayim** sheme **hashamayim** wekhol-tseva'am **ha'arets** wekhol-'asher 'aleyha
You-have-made [dir.obj]_**the-heavens** heaven-of **the-heavens** en-all_their-host **the-earth** en-all_that-is on-it
You have made **heaven**, **the** highest **heavens**, with all their host, and **the earth** and everything on it
-Unique objects: "the heavens" and "the earth" - -#### Classes -Sometimes a person or a group belongs to a class or a type of people, or an object is made of a class or a type of material. - -##### People - -* GEN 18:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָיָ֥ה כַצַּדִּ֖יק כָּרָשָׁ֑ע
wehayah **khatsaddiq karasha'**
and-they-are **like-the-righteous like-the-wicked**
so that **the righteous** should be treated **the same as the wicked**
-The definite article is incorporated in the prepositions כַ and כָּ (like). - -* JOS 8:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָאֹורֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקֹומֹ֤ו
**weha'owrev** qam meherah mimmeqowmow
**And-the-people-laying-in-ambush** stood quickly from-their-place
**The soldiers hiding in ambush** quickly rushed out of their place
-The word "people laying in ambush" is a [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md) (see below). - -##### Material - -* 1KI 15:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקַּ֣ח אָ֠סָא אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֨סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֜ב
wayyiqqah 'asa 'eth-kol-**hakkesef wehazzahav**
And-he-took Asa [dir.obj]\_all\_**the-silver and-the-gold**
Then Asa took all **the silver and gold**
- -* 1CH 29:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲכִינֹ֣ותִי לְבֵית־אֱלֹהַ֗י הַזָּהָ֣ב׀ לַ֠זָּהָב וְהַכֶּ֨סֶף לַכֶּ֜סֶף וְהַנְּחֹ֣שֶׁת לַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁת הַבַּרְזֶל֙ לַבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְהָעֵצִ֖ים לָעֵצִ֑ים
hakhinowthi leveth-'elohay **hazzahav lazzahov wehakkesef lakkesef wehannehosheth lannehosheth habbarzel labbarzel weha'etsim la'etsim**
I-have-provided for-house-of_my-God **the-gold for-the-gold and-the-silver for-the-silver and-the-bronze for-the-bronze the-iron for-the-iron and-the-wood for-the-wood**.
I have provided for the temple of my God: **gold for the things to be made of gold, silver for the things to be made of silver, bronze for the things to be made of bronze, iron for the things to be made of iron, and wood for the things to be made of wood**.
- -### With [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md) - -#### [Attributive](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md#attributive) -When a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md) is followed by an adjective and both words are [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md), the adjective describes an attribute of the noun. - -* JOS 21:45 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִכֹּל֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטֹּ֔וב
mikkol **haddavar hattowv**
of-all **the-word the-good**
among all **the good promises**
- -* DEU 7:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַמַּסֹּ֨ת הַגְּדֹלֹ֜ת אֲשֶׁר־רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ
**hammassoth haggedoloth** 'asher-ra'u 'eneykha
**the-sufferings the-great** which_saw your-eyes
**the great sufferings** that your eyes saw
- -#### [Superlative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md#compares-three-or-more-items-superlative) -When two or more items are compared and one of the items is the most extreme in one aspect, the definite article plays a part. - -* 1SA 16:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עֹ֚וד שָׁאַ֣ר **הַקָּטָ֔ן** וְהִנֵּ֥ה רֹעֶ֖ה בַּצֹּ֑אן
'owd sha'ar **haqqatan** wehinneh ro'eh batson
Still remains **the-youngest** and-see tending to-the-sheep.
There remains yet **the youngest**, but he is tending the sheep.
- -* SNG 1:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים
**hayyafah** bannashim
**the-fair** among-the-women
**the fairest** among women
- -### Distinctive - -* 1KI 18:39 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא **הָאֱלֹהִֽים**׃
yhwh hu **ha'elohim**
Yahweh he **the-God**.
Yahweh, he is **God**!
- -### Generic classes - -* GEN 8:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָֽעֹרֵ֑ב
wayshallah 'eth-**ha'orev**
He-sent [dir.obj]_**the-raven**
He sent out **a raven**
- -### Relative -When the definite article is used in front of a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), it takes on a relative meaning. - -#### With [participles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_passive/02.md) - -* GEN 12:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לַיהוָ֖ה **הַנִּרְאֶ֥ה** אֵלָֽיו
layhwah **hannir'eh** 'elayw
to-Yahweh **the-appeared** to-him
to Yahweh, **who had appeared** to him
- -* JOS 8:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָאֹורֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקֹומֹ֤ו
**weha'owrev** qam meherah mimmeqowmow
**And-those-who-were-laying-in-ambush** stood quickly from-their-place
**The soldiers hiding in ambush** quickly rushed out of their place
- -#### With [finite verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) - -* JOS 10:24 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ
**heholkhu** 'itto
**the-walked** with-him
**who had gone** with him
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/state_determined/title.md b/content/state_determined/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8dfeadc..0000000 --- a/content/state_determined/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -State Determined \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem.rst b/content/stem.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b87c1a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem.rst @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem.rst + +.. _stem: + +Stem +==== + +Summary +------- + +The stem formation of a verb indicates both the *kind* of verbal action +(simple, intensive, causative, etc.) and its *voice* (active, passive, +reflexive, etc.). + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, all +:ref:`verb` +have both a stem formation (Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.) and a conjugation +(Prefix Conjugation, Suffix Conjugation, Imperative, etc.). These work +together like two "layers", and each layer supplies different +information about the verb. In Biblical Hebrew, there are seven major +stems and several rare ones. + +Function +-------- + +Here is a brief overview of the most common stems and their most common +function: + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +.. raw:: html + + + +Active Voice + +.. raw:: html + + + +Passive/Reflexive Voice + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Simple Action + +.. raw:: html + + + +Qal (simple action, active voice) + +.. raw:: html + + + +Niphal (simple action, passive voice) + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Causative Action + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hiphil (causative action, active voice) + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hophal (causative action, passive voice) + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Intensive Action + +.. raw:: html + + + +Piel (intensive action, active voice) + +.. raw:: html + + + +Pual (intensive action, passive voice) + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Intensive Action + +.. raw:: html + + + +- + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hithpael (intensive action, reflexive voice) + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +NOTE: It is advised to *always* check both the dictionary entry for the +particular stem and the context to get the exact nuance. This is +especially true for the Piel, Hiphil, Hophal, and Hithpael stems, which +are often not easy to guess from the meaning of the Qal. + +Form +---- + +This is a brief overview on how to quickly recognize the simplest forms +of each stem: + +:ref:`stem_qal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The simplest form of the verb, often has "a" vowels (qamets or patah). + +:ref:`stem_niphal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Adds נִ (nun with hireq) to the beginning of the verb. If the form also +adds a prefix (like in the prefix conjugation), the נ disappears and +causes the 1st radical to double (with a daghesh). + +:ref:`stem_piel` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Here the 2nd radical of the verb is doubled (with a daghesh), and +usually have a shewa or a hireq under the 1st radical. + +:ref:`stem_pual` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Also doubles the 2nd radical but often has a qibbuts under the 1st +radical. + +:ref:`stem_hiphil` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Often has הִ (he with hireq) before the verb, or a patah under the +letter that the form adds before the root. + +:ref:`stem_hophal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Also adds a ה before the verb, but with a qamets hatuf (or sometimes +qibbuts) vowel. + +:ref:`stem_hithpael` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +It adds הִתְ (he with hireq and taw with shewa) before the verb, and +puts a qamets or patah under the 1st radical. + +Uncommon stems +-------------- + +Most of these stems occur only a few times in the Hebrew Bible. Their +function is usually similar to one of the above stems, or a combination +of two of them. One simple rule that can help with a first guess as to +its function is this: If it sounds similar to one of the seven common +stems, it probably means something similar as well. + +The uncommon stems are: +:ref:`stem_hishtaphel` +- +:ref:`stem_hithpalpel` +- +:ref:`stem_hithpoel` +- +:ref:`stem_hithpolel` +- +:ref:`stem_hothpaal` +- +:ref:`stem_nithpael` +- +:ref:`stem_palel` +- +:ref:`stem_pealal` +- +:ref:`stem_pilel` +- +:ref:`stem_pilpel` +- +:ref:`stem_poal` +- +:ref:`stem_poel` +- +:ref:`stem_polal` +- +:ref:`stem_polel` +- +:ref:`stem_polpal` +- +:ref:`stem_pulal` +- :ref:`stem_qal_passive` +- +:ref:`stem_tiphil` diff --git a/content/stem/01.md b/content/stem/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2b1dbb0..0000000 --- a/content/stem/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## Summary - -The stem formation of a verb indicates both the *kind* of verbal action (simple, intensive, causative, etc.) and its *voice* (active, passive, reflexive, etc.). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem/02.md b/content/stem/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9edaee1..0000000 --- a/content/stem/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -In Biblical Hebrew, all [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) have both a stem formation (Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.) and a conjugation (Prefix Conjugation, Suffix Conjugation, Imperative, etc.). These work together like two "layers", and each layer supplies different information about the verb. -In Biblical Hebrew, there are seven major stems and several rare ones. - -## Function -Here is a brief overview of the most common stems and their most common function: - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Active VoicePassive/Reflexive Voice
Simple ActionQal (simple action, active voice)Niphal (simple action, passive voice)
Causative ActionHiphil (causative action, active voice)Hophal (causative action, passive voice)
Intensive ActionPiel (intensive action, active voice)Pual (intensive action, passive voice)
Intensive Action-Hithpael (intensive action, reflexive voice)
- -NOTE: It is advised to *always* check both the dictionary entry for the particular stem and the context to get the exact nuance. This is especially true for the Piel, Hiphil, Hophal, and Hithpael stems, which are often not easy to guess from the meaning of the Qal. - -## Form -This is a brief overview on how to quickly recognize the simplest forms of each stem: - -#### [Qal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal/02.md) -The simplest form of the verb, often has "a" vowels (qamets or patah). - -#### [Niphal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_niphal/02.md) -Adds נִ (nun with hireq) to the beginning of the verb. If the form also adds a prefix (like in the prefix conjugation), the נ disappears and causes the 1st radical to double (with a daghesh). - -#### [Piel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) -Here the 2nd radical of the verb is doubled (with a daghesh), and usually have a shewa or a hireq under the 1st radical. - -#### [Pual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pual/02.md) -Also doubles the 2nd radical but often has a qibbuts under the 1st radical. - -#### [Hiphil](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hiphil/02.md) -Often has הִ (he with hireq) before the verb, or a patah under the letter that the form adds before the root. - -#### [Hophal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hophal/02.md) -Also adds a ה before the verb, but with a qamets hatuf (or sometimes qibbuts) vowel. - -#### [Hithpael](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpael/02.md) -It adds הִתְ (he with hireq and taw with shewa) before the verb, and puts a qamets or patah under the 1st radical. - -## Uncommon stems -Most of these stems occur only a few times in the Hebrew Bible. Their function is usually similar to one of the above stems, or a combination of two of them. -One simple rule that can help with a first guess as to its function is this: If it sounds similar to one of the seven common stems, it probably means something similar as well. - -The uncommon stems are: -[Hishtaphel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hishtaphel/02.md) - [Hithpalpel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpalpel/02.md) - [Hithpoel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpoel/02.md) - [Hithpolel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpolel/02.md) - [Hothpaal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hothpaal/02.md) - [Nithpael](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_nithpael/02.md) - [Palel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_palel/02.md) - [Pealal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pealal/02.md) - [Pilel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pilel/02.md) - [Pilpel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pilpel/02.md) - [Poal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_poal/02.md) - [Poel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_poel/02.md) - [Polal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_polal/02.md) - [Polel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_polel/02.md) - [Polpal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_polpal/02.md) - [Pulal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pulal/02.md) - [Qal Passive](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal_passive/02.md) - [Tiphil](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_tiphil/02.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem/title.md b/content/stem/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 203a974..0000000 --- a/content/stem/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hiphil.rst b/content/stem_hiphil.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fa4144 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hiphil.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4161 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hiphil.rst + +.. _stem_hiphil: + +Stem Hiphil +=========== + +Summary +------- + +The Hiphil stem generally expresses causative action in active voice, +but it can also express other kinds of verbal action depending on the +context and the specific verb. + +Article +------- + +The Hiphil form is a verbal +:ref:`stem` +formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a הִ prefix before +the 1st radical and a hireq-yod (or sometimes tsere) vowel under the 2nd +radical of the +:ref:`verb`. +(This ה changes in the +:ref:`participle_active` +and :ref:`verb_imperfect` +forms.) The Hiphil stem is generally used to express causative action in +active voice. In many cases the +:ref:`noun` +derived from the same root is the object or result of the hiphil verb +associated with that root. For example, the Hiphil verb הִמְטִיר means +"to cause to rain down"; the noun מָטָר means "rain". + +NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for +the specific meaning of the Hiphil stem for any verb, because the Hiphil +stem has potential to express various nuances of action for various +verbs. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +he caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטִילִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtili + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'aqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יַקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +naqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִילִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtili + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'aqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיַּקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyaqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Infinitive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטִילִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtili + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Jussive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יַקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יַקְטֵלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Cohortative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'aqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נַקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +naqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle (active voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטֶלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטִילִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqtilim + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מַקְטִילוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +maqtiloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Hiphil stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: + +Expresses causative action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Causative action means that the subject of the verb is causing the +object of the verb either to perform the verbal action (:ref:`verb-dynamic-or-action-verbs`) +or to be in the state described by the verb (:ref:`verb-stative-or-non-action-verbs`). +The Hiphil stem usually serves this causative function with dynamic +verbs (and sometimes with stative verbs also). A good example is the +verb בּוֹא. In the Qal stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses the simple action +"to come" or "to go". But in the Hiphil stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses +the causative action "to bring" (meaning, *to cause something to +come/go*). In English, causative action is expressed using the main verb +"to cause" paired with the infinitive of the verbal action in view. In +Biblical Hebrew, the causative nature of the verbal action is expressed +by the Hiphil form of the verb itself with no additional verbal element. + +- GEN 4:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּבֵ֨א קַ֜יִן מִפְּרִ֧י הָֽאֲדָמָ֛ה מִנְחָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyave** qayin mipperi ha'adamah minhah layhwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-brought** Cain from-fruit-of the-ground offering to-Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Cain **brought** some of the fruit of the ground as an offering to + Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 1:43 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲבָ֕ל אֲדֹנֵ֥ינוּ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּוִ֖ד **הִמְלִ֥יךְ** אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'aval 'adonenu hammelekh-dawid **himlikh** 'eth-shelomoh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But our-lord the-king\_David **he-made-king** [dir.obj]\_Solomon + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But king David our lord **crowned** Solomon **king** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses various kinds of simple or causative action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs are found only in the Hiphil stem (and/or +its derivative stem formations). In these cases, the Hiphil usually +expresses a simple action which is causative by its very nature. A good +example is the Hebrew verb סוּת, which occurs only in the Hiphil stem +and means "to incite" or "to entice". A dictionary or lexicon will +indicate all the stem formations in which a particular verb is found as +well as the appropriate meaning(s). + +- JER 43:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֗י בָּרוּךְ֙ בֶּן־נֵ֣רִיָּ֔ה **מַסִּ֥ית** אֹתְךָ֖ בָּ֑נוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki barukh ben-neriyyah **massith** 'othekha banu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for Baruch son-of\_Neriah **is-inciting** [dir.obj]-you in-us + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + For Baruch son of Neriah **is inciting** you against us + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Some verbs express *different* meanings in *different* stem formations. +A good example is the verb גָּלָה. In the :ref:`stem_qal`, +the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action "to uncover" or "to reveal". +But in the Hiphil stem, the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action "to +exile". Again, this will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon. + +- AMO 5:27 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהִגְלֵיתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵהָ֣לְאָה לְדַמָּ֑שֶׂק + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wehiglethi** 'ethkhem mehal'ah ledammaseq + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-I-will-exile** [dir.obj]-you from-beyond to-Damascus + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Therefore **I will exile you** beyond Damascus + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Some verbs express the *same* meaning in *multiple* stem formations. A +good example is the verb יָדַע, which expresses the causative action "to +make known" (meaning, *to cause to know*) in both the :ref:`stem_piel` +and the Hiphil stem. This also will be indicated by a dictionary or +lexicon. + +- PSA 98:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הוֹדִ֣יעַ יְ֭הוָה יְשׁוּעָת֑וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hodia'** yehwah yeshu'atho + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **He-made-known** Yahweh his-salvation + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh **has made known** his salvation + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +The Hiphil stem can also be used to express miscellaneous kinds of +simple or causative action that might not follow any of the other +descriptions listed above. As always, the specific meaning of the verb +will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon. + +- GEN 6:12 –– Hiphil stem expressing idiomatic action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְהִנֵּ֣ה נִשְׁחָ֑תָה + כִּֽי־\ **הִשְׁחִ֧ית** כָּל־בָּשָׂ֛ר אֶת־דַּרְכּ֖וֹ עַל־הָאָרֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyar 'elohim 'eth-ha'arets wehinneh nishhathah ki-\ **hishhith** + kol-basar 'eth-darko 'al-ha'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-saw God [dir.obj]\_the-land and-behold it-was-corrupt + because\_\ **made-corrupt** all\_flesh [dir.obj]\_his-way + on\_the-land. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And God saw the land and behold it was corrupt because all flesh + **had corrupted** its ways upon the land. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 8:32 –– Hiphil stem declaring a state rather than expressing an + action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לְהַרְשִׁ֣יעַ רָשָׁ֔ע לָתֵ֥ת דַּרְכּ֖וֹ בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ + **וּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק** צַדִּ֔יק לָ֥תֶת ל֖וֹ כְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **leharshia'** rasha' latheth darko berosho **ulehatsdiq** tsaddiq + latheth lo ketsidqatho + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **to-condemn** evil-person to-give his-way on-his-head + **and-to-declare-righteous** righteous-person to-give to-him + according-to-his-righteousness + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **To condemn** the evildoer, to punish him according to his actions, + **and to vindicate** the righteous man, to reward him according to + his righteousness. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hiphil/01.md b/content/stem_hiphil/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1d6178d..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hiphil/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Hiphil stem generally expresses causative action in active voice, but it can also express other kinds of verbal action depending on the context and the specific verb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hiphil/02.md b/content/stem_hiphil/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 988bd14..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hiphil/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,322 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Hiphil form is a verbal [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a הִ prefix before the 1st radical and a hireq-yod (or sometimes tsere) vowel under the 2nd radical of the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md). (This ה changes in the [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md) and [prefix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md) forms.) The Hiphil stem is generally used to express causative action in active voice. In many cases the [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) derived from the same root is the object or result of the hiphil verb associated with that root. For example, the Hiphil verb הִמְטִיר means "to cause to rain down"; the noun מָטָר means "rain". - -NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the specific meaning of the Hiphil stem for any verb, because the Hiphil stem has potential to express various nuances of action for various verbs. - -## Form - -### Paradigm - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהִקְטִילhiqtilhe caused to kill
feminine singular third personהִקְטִילָהhiqtilahshe caused to kill
masculine singular second personהִקְטַלְתָּhiqtaltayou caused to kill
feminine singular second personהִקְטַלְתְּhiqtaltyou caused to kill
common singular first personהִקְטַלְתִּיhiqtaltiI caused to kill
common plural third personהִקְטִילוּhiqtiluthey caused to kill
masculine plural second personהִקְטַלְתֶּםhiqtaltemyou caused to kill
feminine plural second personהִקְטַלְתֶּןhiqtaltenyou caused to kill
common plural first personהִקְטַלְנוּhiqtalnuwe caused to kill
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיַקְטִילyaqtilhe will cause to kill
feminine singular third personתַּקְטִילtaqtilshe will cause to kill
masculine singular second personתַּקְטִילtaqtilyou will cause to kill
feminine singular second personתַּקְטִילִיtaqtiliyou will cause to kill
common singular first personאַקְטִיל'aqtilI will cause to kill
masculine plural third personיַקְטִילוּyaqtiluthey will cause to kill
feminine plural third personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahthey will cause to kill
masculine plural second personתַּקְטִילוּtaqtiluyou will cause to kill
feminine plural second personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahyou will cause to kill
common plural first personנַקְטִילnaqtilwe will cause to kill
- -**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהִקְטִילwehiqtil(and) he will cause to kill
feminine singular third personוְהִקְטִילָהwehiqtilah(and) she will cause to kill
masculine singular second personוְהִקְטַלְתָּwehiqtalta(and) you will cause to kill
feminine singular second personוְהִקְטַלְתְּwehiqtalt(and) you will cause to kill
common singular first personוְהִקְטַלְתִּיwehiqtalti(and) I will cause to kill
common plural third personוְהִקְטִילוּwehiqtilu(and) they will cause to kill
masculine plural second personוְהִקְטַלְתֶּםwehiqtaltem(and) you will cause to kill
feminine plural second personוְהִקְטַלְתֶּןwehiqtalten(and) you will cause to kill
common plural first personוְהִקְטַלְנוּwehiqtalnu(and) we will cause to kill
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיַּקְטִילwayyaqtil(and) he caused to kill
feminine singular third personוַתַּקְטִילwattaqtil(and) she caused to kill
masculine singular second personוַתַּקְטִילwattaqtil(and) you caused to kill
feminine singular second personוַתַּקְטִילִיwattaqtili(and) you caused to kill
common singular first personוָאַקְטִילwa'aqtil(and) I caused to kill
masculine plural third personוַיַּקְטִילוּwayyaqtilu(and) they caused to kill
feminine plural third personוַתַּקְטֵלְנָהwattaqtelenah(and) they caused to kill
masculine plural second personוַתַּקְטִילוּwattaqtilu(and) you caused to kill
feminine plural second personוַתַּקְטֵלְנָהwattaqtelenah(and) you caused to kill
common plural first personוַנַּקְטִילwannaqtil(and) we caused to kill
- -**Infinitive** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Infinitive Constructהַקְטִילhaqtilcause to kill
Infinitive Absoluteהַקְטֵלhaqtelcause to kill
- -**Imperative** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularהַקְטֵלhaqtelyou must cause to kill
feminine singularהַקְטִילִיhaqtiliyou must cause to kill
masculine pluralהַקְטִילוּhaqtiluyou must cause to kill
feminine pluralהַקְטֵלְנָהhaqtelenahyou must cause to kill
- -**Jussive** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיַקְטֵלyaqtelmay he cause to kill
feminine singular third personתַּקְטֵלtaqtelmay she cause to kill
masculine singular second personתַּקְטֵלtaqtelmay you cause to kill
feminine singular second personתַּקְטֵלִיtaqtelimay you cause to kill
masculine plural third personיַקְטֵלוּyaqtelumay they cause to kill
feminine plural third personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahmay they cause to kill
masculine plural second personתַּקְטֵלוּtaqtelumay you cause to kill
feminine plural second personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahmay you cause to kill
- -**Cohortative** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singular first personאַקְטִילָה'aqtilahlet me cause to kill
common plural first personנַקְטִילָהnaqtilahlet us cause to kill
- -**Participle (active voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularמַקְטִילmaqtilcausing to kill
feminine singularמַקְטֶלֶתmaqtelethcausing to kill
masculine pluralמַקְטִילִיםmaqtilimcausing to kill
feminine pluralמַקְטִילוֹתmaqtilothcausing to kill
- -## Function - -The Hiphil stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: - -### Expresses causative action -Causative action means that the subject of the verb is causing the object of the verb either to perform the verbal action ([dynamic verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#dynamic-or-action-verbs)) or to be in the state described by the verb ([stative verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#stative-or-non-action-verbs)). The Hiphil stem usually serves this causative function with dynamic verbs (and sometimes with stative verbs also). A good example is the verb בּוֹא. In the Qal stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses the simple action "to come" or "to go". But in the Hiphil stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses the causative action "to bring" (meaning, *to cause something to come/go*). In English, causative action is expressed using the main verb "to cause" paired with the infinitive of the verbal action in view. In Biblical Hebrew, the causative nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Hiphil form of the verb itself with no additional verbal element. - -* GEN 4:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּבֵ֨א קַ֜יִן מִפְּרִ֧י הָֽאֲדָמָ֛ה מִנְחָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה
**wayyave** qayin mipperi ha'adamah minhah layhwah
**And-he-brought** Cain from-fruit-of the-ground offering to-Yahweh
Cain **brought** some of the fruit of the ground as an offering to Yahweh.
- -* 1KI 1:43 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲבָ֕ל אֲדֹנֵ֥ינוּ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּוִ֖ד **הִמְלִ֥יךְ** אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹֽה
'aval 'adonenu hammelekh-dawid **himlikh** 'eth-shelomoh
But our-lord the-king_David **he-made-king** [dir.obj]_Solomon
But king David our lord **crowned** Solomon **king**
- -### Expresses various kinds of simple or causative action -In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs are found only in the Hiphil stem (and/or its derivative stem formations). In these cases, the Hiphil usually expresses a simple action which is causative by its very nature. A good example is the Hebrew verb סוּת, which occurs only in the Hiphil stem and means "to incite" or "to entice". A dictionary or lexicon will indicate all the stem formations in which a particular verb is found as well as the appropriate meaning(s). - -* JER 43:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֗י בָּרוּךְ֙ בֶּן־נֵ֣רִיָּ֔ה **מַסִּ֥ית** אֹתְךָ֖ בָּ֑נוּ
ki barukh ben-neriyyah **massith** 'othekha banu
for Baruch son-of_Neriah **is-inciting** [dir.obj]-you in-us
For Baruch son of Neriah **is inciting** you against us
- -Some verbs express *different* meanings in *different* stem formations. A good example is the verb גָּלָה. In the [Qal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal/02.md), the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action "to uncover" or "to reveal". But in the Hiphil stem, the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action "to exile". Again, this will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon. - -* AMO 5:27 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִגְלֵיתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵהָ֣לְאָה לְדַמָּ֑שֶׂק
**wehiglethi** 'ethkhem mehal'ah ledammaseq
**And-I-will-exile** [dir.obj]-you from-beyond to-Damascus
Therefore **I will exile you** beyond Damascus
- -Some verbs express the *same* meaning in *multiple* stem formations. A good example is the verb יָדַע, which expresses the causative action "to make known" (meaning, *to cause to know*) in both the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and the Hiphil stem. This also will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon. - -* PSA 98:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הוֹדִ֣יעַ יְ֭הוָה יְשׁוּעָת֑וֹ
**hodia'** yehwah yeshu'atho
**He-made-known** Yahweh his-salvation
Yahweh **has made known** his salvation
- -The Hiphil stem can also be used to express miscellaneous kinds of simple or causative action that might not follow any of the other descriptions listed above. As always, the specific meaning of the verb will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon. - -* GEN 6:12 –– Hiphil stem expressing idiomatic action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְהִנֵּ֣ה נִשְׁחָ֑תָה כִּֽי־**הִשְׁחִ֧ית** כָּל־בָּשָׂ֛ר אֶת־דַּרְכּ֖וֹ עַל־הָאָרֶץ
wayyar 'elohim 'eth-ha'arets wehinneh nishhathah ki-**hishhith** kol-basar 'eth-darko 'al-ha'arets
And-he-saw God [dir.obj]\_the-land and-behold it-was-corrupt because\_**made-corrupt** all_flesh [dir.obj]_his-way on_the-land.
And God saw the land and behold it was corrupt because all flesh **had corrupted** its ways upon the land.
- -* 1KI 8:32 –– Hiphil stem declaring a state rather than expressing an action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לְהַרְשִׁ֣יעַ רָשָׁ֔ע לָתֵ֥ת דַּרְכּ֖וֹ בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ **וּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק** צַדִּ֔יק לָ֥תֶת ל֖וֹ כְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃
**leharshia'** rasha' latheth darko berosho **ulehatsdiq** tsaddiq latheth lo ketsidqatho
**to-condemn** evil-person to-give his-way on-his-head **and-to-declare-righteous** righteous-person to-give to-him according-to-his-righteousness
**To condemn** the evildoer, to punish him according to his actions, **and to vindicate** the righteous man, to reward him according to his righteousness.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hiphil/title.md b/content/stem_hiphil/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 089be8d..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hiphil/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hiphil \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hishtaphel.rst b/content/stem_hishtaphel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb58612 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hishtaphel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,550 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hishtaphel.rst + +.. _stem_hishtaphel: + +Stem Hishtaphel +=============== + +Summary +------- + +The Hishtaphel is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to +the Hiphil and expresses causative action in active voice. + +Article +------- + +The Hishtaphel is a :ref:`stem-uncommon-stems` +that is unrelated to any other stem formation. Similar to the Hiphil, it +expresses causative action in active voice. In Biblical Hebrew, this +stem is used almost exclusively with the common verb חוי / חוה, meaning +"to prostrate oneself" or "to worship." + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Suffix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hishtahawah + +.. raw:: html + + + +he worshipped + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה + +.. raw:: html + + + +yishtahaweh + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will worship + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Sequential Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyishtahu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he worshipped + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Imperative + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hishtahawi + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must worship + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +--- + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +hishtahawoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +worship + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Participle + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה + +.. raw:: html + + + +mishtahaweh + +.. raw:: html + + + +worshipping + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- RUT 2:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ **וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ** אָ֑רְצָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattippol 'al-paneyha **wattishtahu** 'artsah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-she-fell-down on\_her-face **bowing-down** to-ground. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + she knelt before him, with her face **touching** the ground. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hishtaphel/01.md b/content/stem_hishtaphel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9c3e8c8..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hishtaphel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## Summary - -The Hishtaphel is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to the Hiphil and expresses causative action in active voice. diff --git a/content/stem_hishtaphel/02.md b/content/stem_hishtaphel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 028a361..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hishtaphel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Hishtaphel is a [rare stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md#uncommon-stems) that is unrelated to any other stem formation. Similar to the Hiphil, it expresses causative action in active voice. In Biblical Hebrew, this stem is used almost exclusively with the common verb חוי / חוה, meaning "to prostrate oneself" or "to worship." - -## Form - -### Paradigm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ConjugationParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Suffix Conjugationmasculine singular third personהִשְׁתַּחֲוָהhishtahawahhe worshipped
Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personיִשְׁתַּחֲוֶהyishtahawehhe will worship
Sequential Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personוַיִּשְׁתַּחוּwayyishtahu(and) he worshipped
Imperativemasculine singularהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיhishtahawiyou must worship
Infinitive Construct---הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹתhishtahawothworship
Participlemasculine singular absoluteמִשְׁתַּחֲוֶהmishtahawehworshipping
- -## Examples - -* RUT 2:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ **וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ** אָ֑רְצָה
wattippol 'al-paneyha **wattishtahu** 'artsah
and-she-fell-down on_her-face **bowing-down** to-ground.
she knelt before him, with her face **touching** the ground.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hishtaphel/title.md b/content/stem_hishtaphel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6db3647..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hishtaphel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hishtaphel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpael.rst b/content/stem_hithpael.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef80254 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hithpael.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4339 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpael.rst + +.. _stem_hithpael: + +Stem Hithpael +============= + +Summary +------- + +The Hithpael stem is related to the Piel stem formation, and it +generally expresses the reflexive voice of the meaning of a verb in the +Piel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Hithpael stem is formed from the :ref:`stem_piel` +by adding the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) and changing the vowel under the +1st radical. Like the Piel and Pual +:ref:`stem`, +it usually has a daghesh in the 2nd radical of the +:ref:`verb`. +Generally speaking, the Hithpael stem expresses the reflexive voice of +the meaning of a verb in the Piel stem. However, the Hithpael stem is +quite flexible in its use and can express other kinds of verbal action, +depending on the context and the specific verb. + +NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for +the specific meaning of the Hithpael stem for any verb, because the +Hithpael stem has potential to express many different kinds of action +for various verbs. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he killed himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she killed herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I killed myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they killed themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we killed ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will kill himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will kill herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will kill myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +nithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will kill ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will kill himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will kill herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will kill myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will kill ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he killed himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she killed herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֶתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'ethqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I killed myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנְּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we killed ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Infinitive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he must kill himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +she must kill herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they must kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they must kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Jussive** + +NOTE: The Jussive form in the Hithpael stem is recognizable only for +select verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (meaning "to uncover one's +own nakedness" in the Hithpael stem), where the 3rd radical (ה) has +dropped out. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְגַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he uncover his own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְגַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she uncover her own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְגַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover your own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְגַּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover your own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְגַּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they uncover their own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְגַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they uncover their own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְגַּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover your own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְגַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover your own nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Cohortative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me kill myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִתְקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +nithqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us kill ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטֶּלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqatteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטְּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqattelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְקַטְּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithqatteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing oneself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Hithpael stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal +action: + +Expresses the reflexive voice of the Piel stem +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Hithpael stems in +Biblical Hebrew, the Hithpael stem expresses the same kind of action as +the Piel stem (simple, intensive, resultative, causative, etc.) but in +reflexive voice. (See the article on the :ref:`stem_niphal` +for the definition of reflexive voice.) A good example is the verb +יָדַע. In the Qal stem, the verb יָדַע means "to know" (simple action, +active voice). But in the Piel stem, the verb יָדַע means "to make +known" (causative action, active voice). Thus, in the Hithpael stem, the +verb יָדַע means "to make oneself known" (causative action, reflexive +voice). + +- GEN 45:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶל־אֶחָֽיו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **behithwadda**' yosef 'el-'ehayw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **when-making-himself-known** Joseph to\_his-brothers + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + when Joseph **made himself known** to his brothers + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 8:9 –– *direct* reflexive action, meaning that the verbal subject + is also the *direct object* of the verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hith'azzeru** wahottu + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **gird-yourselves** and-be-dismayed + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **arm yourselves** and be broken in pieces + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 18:4 –– *indirect* reflexive action, meaning that the verbal + subject is also the *indirect object* of the verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁט יְהוֹנָתָן אֶת־הַמְּעִיל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyithpashet** yehonathan 'eth-hamme'il + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-stripped-off** Jonathan [dir.obj]\_the-robe + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Jonathan **took off** the robe + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses simple reflexive action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The Hithpael stem can be used to express simple reflexive action in two +ways. First, the Hithpael stem can express a simple action in reflexive +voice. In these cases, usually the Hithpael stem functions as the +reflexive voice of the *Qal* (or perhaps Niphal) stem rather than the +*Piel* stem. This is the case with the verb אָבַל ("to mourn"), as shown +in the example below. Secondly, the Hithpael stem can also express +simple action of a verb that is reflexive by its very nature. In these +rare cases, usually the verb appears *only* in the Hithpael stem in +Biblical Hebrew. This is the case with the verb אָפַק ("to constrain +oneself"), as shown in the example below. + +- GEN 37:34 –– expressing simple action "to mourn" (in reflexive voice, + meaning *to mourn physically* via bodily actions) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל עַל־בְּנ֖וֹ יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyith'abbel** 'al-beno yamim rabbim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-mourned** over\_his-son days many + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **He mourned** for his son many days. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 45:1 –– expressing simple action "to constrain oneself" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֨ל יוֹסֵ֜ף לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + welo-yakhol yosef **lehith'appeq** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-not\_he-was-able Joseph **to-restrain-himself** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then Joseph could not **control himself** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses various other kinds of verbal action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Sometimes the Hithpael form functions in ways that do not follow the +strictly the reflexive conventions of the Hithpael stem as listed above. +Some verbs use the Hithpael stem to describe reciprocal action, middle +action, passive action, and/or perhaps even stative or other kinds of +verbal action. (See the article on the :ref:`stem_niphal` +for the definitions of these kinds of verbal action.) A dictionary or +lexicon will indicate the correct meaning in these instances of the +Hithpael stem. + +- GEN 42:1 –– expressing reciprocal action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לָ֫מָּה **תִּתְרָאוּ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lammah **tithra'u** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Why **you-look-at-each-other** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Why **do you look at one another**? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PRO 31:30 –– expressing passive (or possibly stative) action + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִיא **הִתְהַלָּל**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hi **hithhallal** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + she **is-praised**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + she **will be praised**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- Gen 3:8 –– the Hithpael form of the verb הָלַךְ expresses + *reciprocating* action (meaning, *going back and forth*) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים **מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ** בַּגָּ֖ן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyishme'u 'eth-qol yehwah 'elohim **mithhallekh** baggan + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-they-heard [dir.obj]\_sound-of Yahweh God + **going-back-and-forth** in-the-garden + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They heard the sound of Yahweh God **walking** in the garden + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DEU 1:37 –– the Hithpael form of the verb אָנַף ("to be angry") is + always used in reference to Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + גַּם־בִּי֙ **הִתְאַנַּ֣ף** יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְלַלְכֶ֖ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + gam-biy **hith'annaf** yehwah biglalkhem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Also\_with-me **he-was-angry** Yahweh on-your-account + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Also Yahweh **was angry** with me because of you + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hithpael/01.md b/content/stem_hithpael/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 62a1a7f..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpael/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Hithpael stem is related to the Piel stem formation, and it generally expresses the reflexive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Piel stem. diff --git a/content/stem_hithpael/02.md b/content/stem_hithpael/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 81c6531..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpael/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,358 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -The Hithpael stem is formed from the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) by adding the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) and changing the vowel under the 1st radical. Like the Piel and Pual [stems](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md), it usually has a daghesh in the 2nd radical of the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md). Generally speaking, the Hithpael stem expresses the reflexive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Piel stem. However, the Hithpael stem is quite flexible in its use and can express other kinds of verbal action, depending on the context and the specific verb. - -NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the specific meaning of the Hithpael stem for any verb, because the Hithpael stem has potential to express many different kinds of action for various verbs. - -## Form - - -### Paradigm - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהִתְקַטֵּלhithqattalhe killed himself
feminine singular third personהִתְקַטְּלָהhithqattelahshe killed herself
masculine singular second personהִתְקַטַּלְתָּhithqattaltayou killed yourself
feminine singular second personהִתְקַטַּלְתְּhithqattaltyou killed yourself
common singular first personהִתְקַטַּלְתִּיhithqattaltiI killed myself
common plural third personהִתְקַטְּלוּhithqatteluthey killed themselves
masculine plural second personהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּםhithqattaltemyou killed yourselves
feminine plural second personהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּןhithqattaltenyou killed yourselves
common plural first personהִתְקַטַּלְנוּhithqattalnuwe killed ourselves
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִתְקַטֵּלyithqattelhe will kill himself
feminine singular third personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelshe will kill herself
masculine singular second personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelyou will kill yourself
feminine singular second personתִּתְקַטְּלִיtithqatteliyou will kill yourself
common singular first personאֶתְקַטֵּל'ethqattelI will kill myself
masculine plural third personיִתְקַטְּלוּyithqatteluthey will kill themselves
feminine plural third personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahthey will kill themselves
masculine plural second personתִּתְקַטְּלוּtithqatteluyou will kill yourselves
feminine plural second personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahyou will kill yourselves
common plural first personנִתְקַטֵּלnithqattelwe will kill ourselves
- -**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהִתְקַטֵּלwehithqattel(and) he will kill himself
feminine singular third personוְהִתְקַטְּלָהwehithqattelah(and) she will kill herself
masculine singular second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתָּwehithqattalta(and) you will kill yourself
feminine singular second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתְּwehithqattalt(and) you will kill yourself
common singular first personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתִּיwehithqattalti(and) I will kill myself
common plural third personוְהִתְקַטְּלוּwehithqattelu(and) they will kill themselves
masculine plural second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּםwehithqattaltem(and) you will kill yourselves
feminine plural second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּןwehithqattalten(and) you will kill yourselves
common plural first personוְהִתְקַטַּלְנוּwehithqattalnu(and) we will kill ourselves
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיְּתְקַטֵּלwayyithqattel(and) he killed himself
feminine singular third personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלwattithqattel(and) she killed herself
masculine singular second personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלwattithqattel(and) you killed yourself
feminine singular second personוַתִּתְקַטְּלִיwattithqatteli(and) you killed yourself
common singular first personוָאֶתְקַטֵּלwa'ethqattel(and) I killed myself
masculine plural third personוַיְּתְקַטְּלוּwayyithqattelu(and) they killed themselves
feminine plural third personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהwattithqattelnah(and) they killed themselves
masculine plural second personוַתִּתְקַטְּלוּwattithqattelu(and) you killed yourselves
feminine plural second personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהwattithqattelnah(and) you killed yourselves
common plural first personוַנְּתְקַטֵּלwannithqattel(and) we killed ourselves
- -**Infinitive** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Infinitive Constructהִתְקַטֵּלhitqattelkill oneself
Infinitive Absoluteהִתְקַטֵּלhitqattelkill oneself
- -**Imperative** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularהִתְקַטֵּלhitqattelhe must kill himself
feminine singularהִתְקַטְּלִיhitqattelishe must kill herself
masculine pluralהִתְקַטְּלוּhitqatteluthey must kill themselves
feminine pluralהִתְקַטֵּלְנָהhitqattelnahthey must kill themselves
- -**Jussive** - -NOTE: The Jussive form in the Hithpael stem is recognizable only for select verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (meaning "to uncover one's own nakedness" in the Hithpael stem), where the 3rd radical (ה) has dropped out. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִתְגַּלmay he uncover his own nakedness
feminine singular third personתִּתְגַּלmay she uncover her own nakedness
masculine singular second personתִּתְגַּלmay you uncover your own nakedness
feminine singular second personתִּתְגַּלִיmay you uncover your own nakedness
masculine plural third personיִתְגַּלוּmay they uncover their own nakedness
feminine plural third personתִּתְגַּלְנָהmay they uncover their own nakedness
masculine plural second personתִּתְגַּלוּmay you uncover your own nakedness
feminine plural second personתִּתְגַּלְנָהmay you uncover your own nakedness
- -**Cohortative** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singularאֶתְקַטֵּלָה'ethqattelahlet me kill myself
common pluralנִתְקַטֵּלָהnithqattelahlet us kill ourselves
- -**Participle** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularמִתְקַטֵּלmithqattelkilling oneself
feminine singularמִתְקַטֶּלֶתmithqattelethkilling oneself
masculine pluralמִתְקַטְּלִיםmithqattelimkilling oneself
feminine pluralמִתְקַטְּלוֹתmithqattelothkilling oneself
- -## Function - -The Hithpael stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: - -### Expresses the reflexive voice of the Piel stem -For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Hithpael stems in Biblical Hebrew, the Hithpael stem expresses the same kind of action as the Piel stem (simple, intensive, resultative, causative, etc.) but in reflexive voice. (See the article on the [Niphal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_niphal/02.md) for the definition of reflexive voice.) A good example is the verb יָדַע. In the Qal stem, the verb יָדַע means "to know" (simple action, active voice). But in the Piel stem, the verb יָדַע means "to make known" (causative action, active voice). Thus, in the Hithpael stem, the verb יָדַע means "to make oneself known" (causative action, reflexive voice). - -* GEN 45:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶל־אֶחָֽיו
**behithwadda**' yosef 'el-'ehayw
**when-making-himself-known** Joseph to_his-brothers
when Joseph **made himself known** to his brothers
- -* ISA 8:9 –– *direct* reflexive action, meaning that the verbal subject is also the *direct object* of the verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ
**hith'azzeru** wahottu
**gird-yourselves** and-be-dismayed
**arm yourselves** and be broken in pieces
- -* 1SA 18:4 –– *indirect* reflexive action, meaning that the verbal subject is also the *indirect object* of the verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁט יְהוֹנָתָן אֶת־הַמְּעִיל
**wayyithpashet** yehonathan 'eth-hamme'il
**And-he-stripped-off** Jonathan [dir.obj]_the-robe
Jonathan **took off** the robe
- -### Expresses simple reflexive action -The Hithpael stem can be used to express simple reflexive action in two ways. First, the Hithpael stem can express a simple action in reflexive voice. In these cases, usually the Hithpael stem functions as the reflexive voice of the *Qal* (or perhaps Niphal) stem rather than the *Piel* stem. This is the case with the verb אָבַל ("to mourn"), as shown in the example below. Secondly, the Hithpael stem can also express simple action of a verb that is reflexive by its very nature. In these rare cases, usually the verb appears *only* in the Hithpael stem in Biblical Hebrew. This is the case with the verb אָפַק ("to constrain oneself"), as shown in the example below. - -* GEN 37:34 –– expressing simple action "to mourn" (in reflexive voice, meaning *to mourn physically* via bodily actions) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל עַל־בְּנ֖וֹ יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים
**wayyith'abbel** 'al-beno yamim rabbim
**And-he-mourned** over_his-son days many
**He mourned** for his son many days.
- -* ISA 45:1 –– expressing simple action "to constrain oneself" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֨ל יוֹסֵ֜ף לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק
welo-yakhol yosef **lehith'appeq**
And-not_he-was-able Joseph **to-restrain-himself**
Then Joseph could not **control himself**
- -### Expresses various other kinds of verbal action -Sometimes the Hithpael form functions in ways that do not follow the strictly the reflexive conventions of the Hithpael stem as listed above. Some verbs use the Hithpael stem to describe reciprocal action, middle action, passive action, and/or perhaps even stative or other kinds of verbal action. (See the article on the [Niphal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_niphal/02.md) for the definitions of these kinds of verbal action.) A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning in these instances of the Hithpael stem. - -* GEN 42:1 –– expressing reciprocal action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לָ֫מָּה **תִּתְרָאוּ**׃
lammah **tithra'u**
Why **you-look-at-each-other**
Why **do you look at one another**?
- -* PRO 31:30 –– expressing passive (or possibly stative) action - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִיא **הִתְהַלָּל**׃
hi **hithhallal**
she **is-praised**.
she **will be praised**.
- -* Gen 3:8 –– the Hithpael form of the verb הָלַךְ expresses *reciprocating* action (meaning, *going back and forth*) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים **מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ** בַּגָּ֖ן
wayyishme'u 'eth-qol yehwah 'elohim **mithhallekh** baggan
And-they-heard [dir.obj]_sound-of Yahweh God **going-back-and-forth** in-the-garden
They heard the sound of Yahweh God **walking** in the garden
- -* DEU 1:37 –– the Hithpael form of the verb אָנַף ("to be angry") is always used in reference to Yahweh - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
גַּם־בִּי֙ **הִתְאַנַּ֣ף** יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְלַלְכֶ֖ם
gam-biy **hith'annaf** yehwah biglalkhem
Also_with-me **he-was-angry** Yahweh on-your-account
Also Yahweh **was angry** with me because of you
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpael/title.md b/content/stem_hithpael/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index fdd8d55..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpael/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hithpael \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpalpel.rst b/content/stem_hithpalpel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7197cd --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hithpalpel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,481 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpalpel.rst + +.. _stem_hithpalpel: + +Stem Hithpalpel +=============== + +Summary +------- + +The Hithpalpel is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to +the Hithpael. It expresses the reflexive voice of the Pilpel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Hithpalpel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_hithpael` +and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_pilpel`. +The Hithpalpel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd +radical and repeating the 1st and 3rd radicals, thus making a form that +appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in +Biblical Hebrew. Many of the verbs in the the Hithpalpel stem in the +Hebrew Bible are from the root מָהַהּ ("to linger, delay"). It is +recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise +nuance of any verb in the Hithpalpel stem. + +Form +---- + +**From the root כּוּל, meaning "to sustain" in the Pilpel stem** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Suffix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכַּלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he sustained himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְכַּלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithkalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will sustain himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Participle + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְכַּלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithkalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +sustaining himself / he who is sustaining himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- DAN 11:11 –– יִתְמַרְמַר comes from the root מרר + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְיִתְמַרְמַר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֔גֶב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weyithmarmar** melekh hannegev + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-will-be-very-angry** king-of the-South + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Then** the king of the South **will become very angry** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 119:16 –– אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע comes from the root שׁעע + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּחֻקֹּתֶ֥יךָ אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + behuqqotheykha **'eshta'asha'** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In-your-statutes **I-will-delight** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I delight** in your statutes + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hithpalpel/01.md b/content/stem_hithpalpel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7f1fe6e..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpalpel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Hithpalpel is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to the Hithpael. It expresses the reflexive voice of the Pilpel stem. diff --git a/content/stem_hithpalpel/02.md b/content/stem_hithpalpel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index ff5a4c4..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpalpel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Hithpalpel stem is a variation of the [Hithpael stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpael/02.md) and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the [Pilpel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pilpel/02.md). The Hithpalpel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating the 1st and 3rd radicals, thus making a form that appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the verbs in the the Hithpalpel stem in the Hebrew Bible are from the root מָהַהּ ("to linger, delay"). It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Hithpalpel stem. - -## Form - -**From the root כּוּל, meaning "to sustain" in the Pilpel stem** - - - - - - - - - - -
ConjugationParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Suffix Conjugationmasculine singular third personהִתְכַּלְכֵּלhithkalkelhe sustained himself
Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personיִתְכַּלְכֵּלyithkalkelhe will sustain himself
Participlemasculine singular absolute -מִתְכַּלְכֵּלmithkalkelsustaining himself / he who is sustaining himself
- -## Examples - -* DAN 11:11 –– יִתְמַרְמַר comes from the root מרר - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְיִתְמַרְמַר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֔גֶב
**weyithmarmar** melekh hannegev
**And-he-will-be-very-angry** king-of the-South
**Then** the king of the South **will become very angry**
- -* PSA 119:16 –– אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע comes from the root שׁעע - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּחֻקֹּתֶ֥יךָ אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע
behuqqotheykha **'eshta'asha'**
In-your-statutes **I-will-delight**
**I delight** in your statutes
- diff --git a/content/stem_hithpalpel/title.md b/content/stem_hithpalpel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index c48d102..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpalpel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hithpalpel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpoel.rst b/content/stem_hithpoel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e883089 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hithpoel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,380 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpoel.rst + +.. _stem_hithpoel: + +Stem Hithpoel +============= + +Summary +------- + +The Hithpoel is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to the +Hithpael. It expresses the reflexive voice of the Poel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Hithpoel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_hithpael` +and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_poel`. +The Hithpoel stem is formed from the Hithpael stem by a vowel change. It +is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended +to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of +any verb in the Hithpoel stem. + +NOTE: The Hithpoel stem conjugates exactly like the Poel stem, but with +the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) added. + +Form +---- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Suffix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he humiliated himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will humiliate himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Participle + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +humiliating oneself / he who humiliates himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Example +------- + +- JER 46:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה וְכַנְּהָרֹ֖ות **יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ** + מָ֑יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mitsrayim kay'or ya'aleh wekhanneharowth **yithgo'ashu** mayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Egypt like-the-Nile rises and-like-the-rivers + **going-back-and-forth** waters + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Egypt rises like the Nile, like rivers of water that **rise and + fall** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hithpoel/01.md b/content/stem_hithpoel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index e790ec0..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpoel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Hithpoel is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to the Hithpael. It expresses the reflexive voice of the Poel stem. diff --git a/content/stem_hithpoel/02.md b/content/stem_hithpoel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index af9b2a4..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpoel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Hithpoel stem is a variation of the [Hithpael stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpael/02.md) and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the [Poel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_poel/02.md). The Hithpoel stem is formed from the Hithpael stem by a vowel change. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Hithpoel stem. - -NOTE: The Hithpoel stem conjugates exactly like the Poel stem, but with the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) added. - -## Form - - - - - - - - - - - -
ConjugationParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Suffix Conjugationmasculine singular third personהִתְהוֹלֵלhithholelhe humiliated himself
Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personיִתְהוֹלֵלyithholelhe will humiliate himself
Participlemasculine singular third personמִתְהוֹלֵלmithholelhumiliating oneself / he who humiliates himself
- -## Example - -* JER 46:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה וְכַנְּהָרֹ֖ות **יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ** מָ֑יִם
mitsrayim kay'or ya'aleh wekhanneharowth **yithgo'ashu** mayim
Egypt like-the-Nile rises and-like-the-rivers **going-back-and-forth** waters
Egypt rises like the Nile, like rivers of water that **rise and fall**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpoel/title.md b/content/stem_hithpoel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 956079d..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpoel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hithpoel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpolel.rst b/content/stem_hithpolel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c2f5ed --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hithpolel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2322 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpolel.rst + +.. _stem_hithpolel: + +Stem Hithpolel +============== + +Summary +------- + +The Hithpolel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Hithpael. +It expresses the reflexive voice of the Polel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Hithpolel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_hithpael` +and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_polel`. +The Hithpolel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd +radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a +rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* +consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in +the Nithpael stem. + +NOTE: The Hithpolel stem conjugates exactly like the Polel stem, but +with the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) added. + +Form +---- + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +he established himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנֲנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonanah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she established herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנַנְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonanta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנַנְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonant + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנַנְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonanti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I established myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they established themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonantem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonanten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנַנּוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonannu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we established ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will establish himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will establish herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְכּוֹנֲנִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithkonani + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will establish myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithkonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will establish themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithkonenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will establish themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithkonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithkonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +nithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will establish ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he established himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she established herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +watithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +watithkonani + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֶתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'ethkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I established myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyithkonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they established themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +watithkonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they established themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +watithkonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +watithkonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנִּתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we established ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנֲנִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonani + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְכּוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithkonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְכּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithkonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing himself / he who establishes himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְכּוֹנְנֶת / מִתְכּוֹנְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithkoneneth / mithkonenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing herself / she who establishes herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְכּוֹנְנִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithkonenim + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing themselves / men who establish themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מִתְכּוֹנְנוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mithkonenoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing themselves / women who establish themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- EXO 9:17 –– מִסְתּוֹלֵל comes from the root סלל + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עֹודְךָ֖ **מִסְתֹּולֵ֣ל** בְּעַמִּ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'owdkha **mistowlel** be'ammi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Still-you **lifting-up-yourself** against-my-people + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You **are** still **lifting yourself up** against my people + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 143:4 –– יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם comes from the root שׁמם + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּ֝תֹוכִ֗י **יִשְׁתֹּומֵ֥ם** לִבִּֽי׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + bethowkhi **yishtowmem** libbi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + in-my-midst **despairs** my-heart + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + my heart **despairs** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hithpolel/01.md b/content/stem_hithpolel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index b5e4942..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpolel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Hithpolel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Hithpael. It expresses the reflexive voice of the Polel stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpolel/02.md b/content/stem_hithpolel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0c2f7ec..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpolel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,151 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Hithpolel stem is a variation of the [Hithpael stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpael/02.md) and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the [Polel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_polel/02.md). The Hithpolel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Nithpael stem. - -NOTE: The Hithpolel stem conjugates exactly like the Polel stem, but with the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) added. - -## Form - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהִתְכּוֹנֵןhithkonenhe established himself
feminine singular third personהִתְכּוֹנֲנָהhithkonanahshe established herself
masculine singular second personהִתְכּוֹנַנְתָּhithkonantayou established yourself
feminine singular second personהִתְכּוֹנַנְתְּhithkonantyou established yourself
common singular first personהִתְכּוֹנַנְתִּיhithkonantiI established myself
common plural third personהִתְכּוֹנֲנוּhithkonanuthey established themselves
masculine plural second personהִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּםhithkonantemyou established yourselves
feminine plural second personהִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּןhithkonantenyou established yourselves
common plural first personהִתְכּוֹנַנּוּhithkonannuwe established ourselves
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִתְכּוֹנֵןyithkonenhe will establish himself
feminine singular third personתִּתְכּוֹנֵןtithkonenshe will establish herself
masculine singular second personתִּתְכּוֹנֵןtithkonenyou will establish yourself
feminine singular second personתִּתְכּוֹנֲנִיtithkonaniyou will establish yourself
common singular first personאֶתְכּוֹנֵן'ethkonenI will establish myself
masculine plural third personיִתְכּוֹנֲנוּyithkonanuthey will establish themselves
feminine plural third personתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּהtithkonenahthey will establish themselves
masculine plural second personתִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּtithkonanuyou will establish yourselves
feminine plural second personתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּהtithkonennahyou will establish yourselves
common plural first personנִתְכּוֹנֵןnithkonenwe will establish ourselves
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיִּתְכּוֹנֵןwayyithkonen(and) he established himself
feminine singular third personוַתִּתְכּוֹנֵןwattithkonen(and) she established herself
masculine singular second personוַתִּתְכּוֹנֵןwatithkonen(and) you established yourself
feminine singular second personוַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנִיwatithkonani(and) you established yourself
common singular first personוָאֶתְכּוֹנֵןwa'ethkonen(and) I established myself
masculine plural third personוַיִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּwayyithkonanu(and) they established themselves
feminine plural third personוַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּהwatithkonennah(and) they established themselves
masculine plural second personוַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּwatithkonanu(and) you established yourselves
feminine plural second personוַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּהwatithkonennah(and) you established yourselves
common plural first personוַנִּתְכּוֹנֵןwannithkonen(and) we established ourselves
- -**Imperative** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularהִתְכּוֹנֵןhithkonenyou must establish yourself
feminine singularהִתְכּוֹנֲנִיhithkonaniyou must establish yourself
masculine pluralהִתְכּוֹנֲנוּhithkonanuyou must establish yourselves
feminine pluralהִתְכּוֹנֵנָּהhithkonennahyou must establish yourselves
- -**Participle** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteמִתְכּוֹנֵןmithkonenestablishing himself / he who establishes himself
feminine singular absoluteמִתְכּוֹנְנֶת / מִתְכּוֹנְנָהmithkoneneth / mithkonenahestablishing herself / she who establishes herself
masculine plural absoluteמִתְכּוֹנְנִיםmithkonenimestablishing themselves / men who establish themselves
feminine plural absoluteמִתְכּוֹנְנוֹתmithkonenothestablishing themselves / women who establish themselves
- -## Examples - -* EXO 9:17 –– מִסְתּוֹלֵל comes from the root סלל - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עֹודְךָ֖ **מִסְתֹּולֵ֣ל** בְּעַמִּ֑י
'owdkha **mistowlel** be'ammi
Still-you **lifting-up-yourself** against-my-people
You **are** still **lifting yourself up** against my people
- -* PSA 143:4 –– יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם comes from the root שׁמם - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּ֝תֹוכִ֗י **יִשְׁתֹּומֵ֥ם** לִבִּֽי׃
bethowkhi **yishtowmem** libbi
in-my-midst **despairs** my-heart
my heart **despairs**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hithpolel/title.md b/content/stem_hithpolel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1a3d8a7..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hithpolel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hithpolel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hophal.rst b/content/stem_hophal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..284cb13 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hophal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,3093 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hophal.rst + +.. _stem_hophal: + +Stem Hophal +=========== + +Summary +------- + +The Hophal stem is the passive form of the Hiphil, and it generally +expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Hiphil stem. + +Article +------- + +The Hophal +:ref:`stem` +is the passive form of the +:ref:`stem_hiphil` +stem formation in Biblical Hebrew. The Hophal stem is usually indicated +by either a הָ or הֻ prefix to the +:ref:`verb`. +(The ה changes in the +:ref:`participle_active` +and :ref:`verb_imperfect` +forms.) The Hophal stem usually expresses the passive voice of the +meaning of a verb in the Hiphil stem. Scholars sometimes disagree +whether certain verb forms should be classified as belonging to the +Hophal, the +:ref:`stem_hiphil` +or even the :ref:`stem_qal_passive` +stem. In English, passive voice is expressed using the helping verb "to +be." In Biblical Hebrew, the passive nature of the verbal action is +expressed by the Hophal form of the verb itself without any helping +verbs. + +NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for +the specific meaning of the Hophal stem for any specific verb, because +the Hophal stem has potential to express different kinds of action for +various verbs in various contexts. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +NOTE: every form in the Hophal can have either a qamets hatuf or a +qibbuts under the first letter (so הָ or הֻ). Here the qamets hatuf is +used throughout. + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'oqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +noqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) whe was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'oqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיָּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Infinitive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +Not found + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +causing to be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** Not found + +**Jussive** Not found + +**Cohortative** Not found + +**Participle (passive voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָקְטָל + +.. raw:: html + + + +moqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָקְטֶלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +moqteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +טָמָקְלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +tomaqlim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מָקְטָלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +moqtaloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Hophal stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: + +Expresses the passive voice of the Hiphil stem +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +For most verbs that appear in Hiphil stem in Biblical Hebrew, the Hophal +stem expresses the same kind of simple or causative action as the Hiphil +stem, but in passive voice. A good example is the verb בּוֹא. In the +:ref:`stem_qal`, +the verb בּוֹא means "to come" or "to go" (simple action, active voice). +But in the Hiphil stem, the verb בּוֹא means "to bring" (causative +action, active voice). Thus, in the Hophal stem, the verb בּוֹא means +"to be brought" (causative action, passive voice). + +- GEN 33:11 –– Hophal stem of בּוֹא, meaning "to be brought"; in the + Hiphil stem, means "to bring" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + קַח־נָ֤א אֶת־בִּרְכָתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר **הֻבָ֣את** לָ֔ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + qah-na 'eth-birkhathiy 'asher **huvath** lakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Take\_please [dir.obj]\_my-blessing that **it-was-brought** to-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Please accept my gift that **was brought** to you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 22:20 –– Hophal stem of נָגַד, meaning "to be declared"; in the + Hiphil stem, means "to declare" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְאַבְרָהָ֖ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyuggad** le'avraham + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-it-was-reported** to Abraham + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Abraham **was told** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses simple action in passive voice +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Some verbs use the Hophal stem to express simple passive action. (This +can be true even if the verb also appears in the Hiphil stem in Biblical +Hebrew; in such cases, the Hophal form does NOT function strictly as a +passive of the Hiphil stem.) A good example is the verb יָצַק. In the +Qal stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the simple action "to pour" or "to +pour out". In the Hiphil stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the same simple +action "to pour". In the Hophal stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the +simple passive "to be poured" (that is, the passive of both the *Qal* +stem and the *Hiphil* stem). For some verbs, the Hophal and/or Pual +forms can both function as a passive of the Qal stem. In all these +cases, a dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning. + +- GEN 4:26 –– the Hophal stem of יָצַק ("to pour") means "to be poured" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ה֣וּצַק חֵ֭ן בְּשְׂפְתוֹתֶ֑יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hutsaq** hen besfethotheykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **it-is-poured-out** grace by-your-lips + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + grace **is poured** onto your lips + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses various kinds of passive or stative action +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Sometimes the Pual form is used with specific verbs or in specific +contexts to express a specialized meaning for the verbal action. A +dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning. + +- GEN 40:20 –– the Hophal stem of the verb יָלַד ("to give birth") + refers to someone's birthday + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְהִ֣י׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י י֚וֹם **הֻלֶּ֣דֶת** אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayhi bayyom hashelishi yom **hulledeth** 'eth-par'oh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-it-happened in-the-day the-third day-of **having-been-born** + [dir.obj]\_Pharaoh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + It came about on the third day that it was Pharaoh's **birth**\ day. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2CH 3:3 –– the Hophal stem of the verb יָסַד ("to found, establish") + refers to the foundation of a building + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ **הוּסַ֣ד** שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה לִבְנ֖וֹת אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'elleh **husad** shelomoh livnoth 'eth-beth ha'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-these **being-founded-of** Solomon to-build [dir.obj]\_house-of + the-God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Now these are the dimensions **of the foundation** that Solomon laid + for the house of God. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hophal/01.md b/content/stem_hophal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c3d01b4..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hophal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Hophal stem is the passive form of the Hiphil, and it generally expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Hiphil stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hophal/02.md b/content/stem_hophal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 72ce7df..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hophal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Hophal [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) is the passive form of the [Hiphil](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hiphil/02.md) stem formation in Biblical Hebrew. The Hophal stem is usually indicated by either a הָ or הֻ prefix to the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md). (The ה changes in the [Participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md) and [Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md) forms.) The Hophal stem usually expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Hiphil stem. Scholars sometimes disagree whether certain verb forms should be classified as belonging to the Hophal, the [Pual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hiphil/02.md) or even the [Qal Passive](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal_passive/02.md) stem. In English, passive voice is expressed using the helping verb "to be." In Biblical Hebrew, the passive nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Hophal form of the verb itself without any helping verbs. - -NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the specific meaning of the Hophal stem for any specific verb, because the Hophal stem has potential to express different kinds of action for various verbs in various contexts. - -## Form - - -### Paradigm -NOTE: every form in the Hophal can have either a qamets hatuf or a qibbuts under the first letter (so הָ or הֻ). Here the qamets hatuf is used throughout. - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהָקְטַלhoqtalhe was caused to kill
feminine singular third personהָקְטְלָהhoqtelahshe was caused to kill
masculine singular second personהָקְטַלְתָּhoqtaltayou were caused to kill
feminine singular second personהָקְטַלְתְּhoqtaltyou were caused to kill
common singular first personהָקְטַלְתִּיhoqtaltiI was caused to kill
common plural third personהָקְטְלוּhoqteluthey were caused to kill
masculine plural second personהָקְטַלְתֶּםhoqtaltemyou were caused to kill
feminine plural second personהָקְטַלְתֶּןhoqtaltenyou were caused to kill
common plural first personהָקְטַלְנוּhoqtalnuwe were caused to kill
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיָקְטַלyoqtalhe will be caused to kill
feminine singular third personתָּקְטַלtoqtalshe will be caused to kill
masculine singular second personתָּקְטַלtoqtalyou will be caused to kill
feminine singular second personתָּקְטְלִיtoqteliyou will be caused to kill
common singular first personאָקְטַל'oqtalI will be caused to kill
masculine plural third personיָקְטְלוּyoqteluthey will be caused to kill
feminine plural third personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahthey will be caused to kill
masculine plural second personתָּקְטְלוּtoqteluyou will be caused to kill
feminine plural second personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahyou will be caused to kill
common plural first personנָקְטַלnoqtalwe will be caused to kill
- -**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהָקְטַלwehoqtal(and) he will be caused to kill
feminine singular third personוְהָקְטְלָהwehoqtelah(and) she will be caused to kill
masculine singular second personוְהָקְטַלְתָּwehoqtalta(and) you will be caused to kill
feminine singular second personוְהָקְטַלְתְּwehoqtalt(and) you will be caused to kill
common singular first personוְהָקְטַלְתִּיwehoqtalti(and) I will be caused to kill
common plural third personוְהָקְטְלוּwehoqtelu(and) they will be caused to kill
masculine plural second personוְהָקְטַלְתֶּםwehoqtaltem(and) you will be caused to kill
feminine plural second personוְהָקְטַלְתֶּןwehoqtalten(and) you will be caused to kill
common plural first personוְהָקְטַלְנוּwehoqtalnu(and) we will be caused to kill
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיָּקְטַלwayyoqtal(and) he was caused to kill
feminine singular third personוַתָּקְטַלwattoqtal(and) whe was caused to kill
masculine singular second personוַתָּקְטַלwattoqtal(and) you were caused to kill
feminine singular second personוַתָּקְטְלִיwattoqteli(and) you were caused to kill
common singular first personוָאָקְטַלwa'oqtal(and) I was caused to kill
masculine plural third personוַיָּקְטְלוּwayyoqtelu(and) they were caused to kill
feminine plural third personוַתָּקְטַלְנָהwattoqtalnah(and) they were caused to kill
masculine plural second personוַתָּקְטְלוּwattoqtelu(and) you were caused to kill
feminine plural second personוַתָּקְטַלְנָהwattoqtalnah(and) you were caused to kill
common plural first personוַנָּקְטַלwannoqtal(and) we were caused to kill
- -**Infinitive** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Infinitive ConstructNot found
Infinitive Absoluteהָקְטֵלhoqtelcausing to be killed
- -**Imperative** -Not found - -**Jussive** -Not found - -**Cohortative** -Not found - -**Participle (passive voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularמָקְטָלmoqtalbeing caused to kill
feminine singularמָקְטֶלֶתmoqtelethbeing caused to kill
masculine pluralטָמָקְלִיםtomaqlimbeing caused to kill
feminine pluralמָקְטָלוֹתmoqtalothbeing caused to kill
- -## Function - -The Hophal stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: - -#### Expresses the passive voice of the Hiphil stem -For most verbs that appear in Hiphil stem in Biblical Hebrew, the Hophal stem expresses the same kind of simple or causative action as the Hiphil stem, but in passive voice. A good example is the verb בּוֹא. In the [Qal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal/02.md), the verb בּוֹא means "to come" or "to go" (simple action, active voice). But in the Hiphil stem, the verb בּוֹא means "to bring" (causative action, active voice). Thus, in the Hophal stem, the verb בּוֹא means "to be brought" (causative action, passive voice). - -* GEN 33:11 –– Hophal stem of בּוֹא, meaning "to be brought"; in the Hiphil stem, means "to bring" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
קַח־נָ֤א אֶת־בִּרְכָתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר **הֻבָ֣את** לָ֔ךְ
qah-na 'eth-birkhathiy 'asher **huvath** lakh
Take_please [dir.obj]_my-blessing that **it-was-brought** to-you
Please accept my gift that **was brought** to you
- -* GEN 22:20 –– Hophal stem of נָגַד, meaning "to be declared"; in the Hiphil stem, means "to declare" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְאַבְרָהָ֖ם
**wayyuggad** le'avraham
**and-it-was-reported** to Abraham
Abraham **was told**
- - -#### Expresses simple action in passive voice -Some verbs use the Hophal stem to express simple passive action. (This can be true even if the verb also appears in the Hiphil stem in Biblical Hebrew; in such cases, the Hophal form does NOT function strictly as a passive of the Hiphil stem.) A good example is the verb יָצַק. In the Qal stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the simple action "to pour" or "to pour out". In the Hiphil stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the same simple action "to pour". In the Hophal stem, the verb יָצַק expresses the simple passive "to be poured" (that is, the passive of both the *Qal* stem and the *Hiphil* stem). For some verbs, the Hophal and/or Pual forms can both function as a passive of the Qal stem. In all these cases, a dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning. - -* GEN 4:26 –– the Hophal stem of יָצַק ("to pour") means "to be poured" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
ה֣וּצַק חֵ֭ן בְּשְׂפְתוֹתֶ֑יךָ
**hutsaq** hen besfethotheykha
**it-is-poured-out** grace by-your-lips
grace **is poured** onto your lips
- - -#### Expresses various kinds of passive or stative action -Sometimes the Pual form is used with specific verbs or in specific contexts to express a specialized meaning for the verbal action. A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning. - -* GEN 40:20 –– the Hophal stem of the verb יָלַד ("to give birth") refers to someone's birthday - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְהִ֣י׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י י֚וֹם **הֻלֶּ֣דֶת** אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה
wayhi bayyom hashelishi yom **hulledeth** 'eth-par'oh
and-it-happened in-the-day the-third day-of **having-been-born** [dir.obj]_Pharaoh
It came about on the third day that it was Pharaoh's **birth**day.
- -* 2CH 3:3 –– the Hophal stem of the verb יָסַד ("to found, establish") refers to the foundation of a building - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ **הוּסַ֣ד** שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה לִבְנ֖וֹת אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים
we'elleh **husad** shelomoh livnoth 'eth-beth ha'elohim
and-these **being-founded-of** Solomon to-build [dir.obj]_house-of the-God
Now these are the dimensions **of the foundation** that Solomon laid for the house of God.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hophal/title.md b/content/stem_hophal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 68c05ef..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hophal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hophal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hothpaal.rst b/content/stem_hothpaal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf4a62f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_hothpaal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hothpaal.rst + +.. _stem_hothpaal: + +Stem Hothpaal +============= + +Summary +------- + +The Hothpaal is an extremely rare stem formation that is derived from +the Hithpael. It generally expresses passive action. + +Article +------- + +The Hothpaal stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_piel` +and generally expresses passive action. The Hothpaal stem is formed from +the Hithpael stem by vowel changes and is an extremely rare verbal form +in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the occurrences of the Hothpaal stem in the +Hebrew Bible are from the root verb פָּקַד ("to visit, number, or +appoint"). It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon +for the precise nuance of any verb in the Hothpaal stem. + +- LEV 13:55-56 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְרָאָ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ **הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס** אֶת־הַנֶּ֗גַע ... + וְהִנֵּה֙ כֵּהָ֣ה הַנֶּ֔גַע אַחֲרֵ֖י **הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס** אֹת֑וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wera'ah hakkohen 'ahare **hukkabbes** 'eth-hannega' ... wehinneh + kehah hannega' 'ahare **hukkabbes** 'otho + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-will-look the-priest after **is-washed** [dir.obj]\_the-mildew + ... and-see become-faint the-mildew after **is-washed** [dir.obj]-it + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then the priest will examine the item after the mildewed item **was + washed** ... and if the mildew has faded after it **was washed** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DEU 24:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשֹׁ֣ון ... לִהְיֹ֧ות לֹ֣ו לְאִשָּׁ֗ה + אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lo-yukhal ba'lah harishown ... lihyowth low le'ishah 'aharey 'asher + **huttamma'ah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + not\_he-is-able her-husband the-first ... to-become to-him to-wife + after whom **she-became-impure** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + then her former husband ... cannot make her his wife, after **she has + become impure** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_hothpaal/01.md b/content/stem_hothpaal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 850bd11..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hothpaal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Hothpaal is an extremely rare stem formation that is derived from the Hithpael. It generally expresses passive action. diff --git a/content/stem_hothpaal/02.md b/content/stem_hothpaal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5a05f5f..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hothpaal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Hothpaal stem is a variation of the [Hithpael stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and generally expresses passive action. The Hothpaal stem is formed from the Hithpael stem by vowel changes and is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the occurrences of the Hothpaal stem in the Hebrew Bible are from the root verb פָּקַד ("to visit, number, or appoint"). It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Hothpaal stem. - -* LEV 13:55-56 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְרָאָ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ **הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס** אֶת־הַנֶּ֗גַע ... וְהִנֵּה֙ כֵּהָ֣ה הַנֶּ֔גַע אַחֲרֵ֖י **הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס** אֹת֑וֹ
wera'ah hakkohen 'ahare **hukkabbes** 'eth-hannega' ... wehinneh kehah hannega' 'ahare **hukkabbes** 'otho
And-he-will-look the-priest after **is-washed** [dir.obj]_the-mildew ... and-see become-faint the-mildew after **is-washed** [dir.obj]-it
Then the priest will examine the item after the mildewed item **was washed** ... and if the mildew has faded after it **was washed**
- -* DEU 24:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשֹׁ֣ון ... לִהְיֹ֧ות לֹ֣ו לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה
lo-yukhal ba'lah harishown ... lihyowth low le'ishah 'aharey 'asher **huttamma'ah**
not_he-is-able her-husband the-first ... to-become to-him to-wife after whom **she-became-impure**
then her former husband ... cannot make her his wife, after **she has become impure**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_hothpaal/title.md b/content/stem_hothpaal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 497a6b5..0000000 --- a/content/stem_hothpaal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Hothpaal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_niphal.rst b/content/stem_niphal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..787e3c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_niphal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4068 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_niphal.rst + +.. _stem_niphal: + +Stem Niphal +=========== + +Summary +------- + +The Niphal stem generally expresses passive or reflexive action, but it +can also express other kinds of action depending on the context and the +specific verb. + +Article +------- + +The Niphal form is a verbal +:ref:`stem` +formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a נִ prefix before +the 1st radical of the +:ref:`verb`. +(This נ changes in multiple conjugations, see paradigms below.) The +Niphal stem is extremely flexible in its use in Biblical Hebrew. +Generally speaking, the Niphal stem expresses either passive or +reflexive action; but it can also express middle, reciprocal, simple, or +even stative action, depending on the context and the specific verb. +Some verbs express passive action in the Niphal stem; some verbs express +reflexive action in the Niphal stem; for some verbs, the Niphal stem +might express either passive action or reflexive action, depending on +the context; and so on. + +NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for +the specific meaning of the Niphal stem for any verb, because the Niphal +stem expresses different kinds of action for various verbs. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתֶּנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtaltenu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtaltenu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֶקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'eqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wanniqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Infinitive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטֹל / נִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatol / niqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Jussive** + +NOTE: The jussive form in the Niphal stem is recognizable only for +select verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (to uncover), where the 3rd +radical (ה) has dropped out. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִגָּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiggal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגָּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiggal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגָּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiggal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגָּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiggali + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִגָּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiggalu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגָּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiggalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגָּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiggalu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגָּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiggalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be uncovered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Cohortative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקָּטֵלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqqatelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקָּטֵלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqqatelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalah + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטָלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtaloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +~~~~~~~~ + +The Niphal stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: + +Expresses passive voice +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Passive voice means that the subject of the verb is *receiving* the +action rather than *performing* the action. In English, passive voice is +expressed using the helping verb "to be." In Biblical Hebrew, the +passive nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Niphal form of +the verb itself without any helping verbs. + +- 2KI 21:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּגַן־בֵּית֖וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyiqqaver** began-betho + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-was-buried** in-garden-of\_his-house + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and he was buried** in the garden of his own house + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses reflexive voice +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Reflexive voice means that the subject of the verb is *both* performing +*and* receiving the action. In English, reflexive voice is expressed +using a reflexive pronoun as the object of the verb, "I tell *myself*". +In Biblical Hebrew, the reflexive nature of the verbal action is +expressed by the Niphal form of the verb itself without any additional +words. + +- NUM 1:21 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הִבָּ֣דְל֔וּ מִתּ֖וֹךְ הָעֵדָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **hibbodlu** mittokh ha'edah hazzoth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Separate-yourselves** from-midst-of the-congregation the-this + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Separate yourselves** from among this community + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses middle voice +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Middle voice means that the subject receives the action but also is +(partially) involved in performing the action. This kind of action +stands somewhere between passive voice and reflexive voice. + +- GEN 3:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wenifqehu** 'enekhem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-they-will-be-opened** your-eyes + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + your eyes **will be opened** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses reciprocal voice +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Reciprocal voice means that multiple subjects are in view who are both +performing the action for another and receiving the action from another. +In English, reciprocal voice is expressed using the phrase "each other" +as the object of the verb, "They tell each other." In Biblical Hebrew, +the reciprocal nature of the action is expressed by the Niphal form of +the verb itself without any additional words. + +Reciprocal voice must be distinguished from reflexive voice. The phrase +"They tell themselves" is reflexive: the subject "they" is a unified +group and the action could be expressed reflexively for each individual +as "he tells himself, and he tells himself, and she tells herself, etc." +The phrase "They tell each other" is reciprocal: each member of the +group is telling something to another member of the group, and each +member of the group is being told something by another member of the +group. + +- 2KI 3:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + נֶֽחֶרְבוּ֙ הַמְּלָכִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **nehervu** hammelakhim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **they-have-killed-each-other** the-kings + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the kings **have killed each other** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses simple action +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs express different meanings in different +stem formations. A good example is the Hebrew verb רָאָה. In the Qal +stem, the verb רָאָה expresses the simple action "to seֶe". But in the +Niphal stem, the verb רָאָה expresses the simple action "to appear". A +dictionary or lexicon will indicate the different meanings for these +verbs in the various stem formations. + +- GEN 12:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֵּרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyera** yehwah 'el-'avram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-appeared** Yahweh to\_Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh **appeared** to Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses stative action +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs express stative action in the *Niphal* +stem rather than the *Qal* stem. This is a very rare use of the Niphal +stem. Stative action is expressed most often using the Qal stem in +Biblical Hebrew. + +- GEN 6:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyinnahem** yehwah ki-'asah 'eth-ha'adam ba'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-was-sorry** Yahweh that\_he-had-made [dir.obj]\_the-mankind + on-the-earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yahweh **regretted** that he had made mankind on the earth + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_niphal/01.md b/content/stem_niphal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4f3da83..0000000 --- a/content/stem_niphal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Niphal stem generally expresses passive or reflexive action, but it can also express other kinds of action depending on the context and the specific verb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_niphal/02.md b/content/stem_niphal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d807c00..0000000 --- a/content/stem_niphal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,318 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Niphal form is a verbal [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a נִ prefix before the 1st radical of the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md). (This נ changes in multiple conjugations, see paradigms below.) The Niphal stem is extremely flexible in its use in Biblical Hebrew. Generally speaking, the Niphal stem expresses either passive or reflexive action; but it can also express middle, reciprocal, simple, or even stative action, depending on the context and the specific verb. Some verbs express passive action in the Niphal stem; some verbs express reflexive action in the Niphal stem; for some verbs, the Niphal stem might express either passive action or reflexive action, depending on the context; and so on. - -NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the specific meaning of the Niphal stem for any verb, because the Niphal stem expresses different kinds of action for various verbs. - -## Form - - -### Paradigm - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personנִקְטַלniqtalhe was killed
feminine singular third personנִקְטְלָהniqtelahshe was killed
masculine singular second personנִקְטַלְתָּniqtaltayou were killed
feminine singular second personנִקְטַלְתְּniqtaltyou were killed
common singular first personנִקְטַלְתִּיniqtaltiI was killed
common plural third personנִקְטְלוּniqteluthey were killed
masculine plural second personנִקְטַלְתֶּםniqtaltemyou were killed
feminine plural second personנִקְטַלְתֶּןniqtaltenyou were killed
common plural first personנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּniqtaltenuwe were killed
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִקָּטֵלyiqqatelhe will be killed
feminine singular third personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelshe will be killed
masculine singular second personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelyou will be killed
feminine singular second personתִּקָּטְלִיtiqqatliyou will be killed
common singular first personאֶקָּטֵל'eqqatelI will be killed
masculine plural third personיִקָּטְלוּyiqqatluthey will be killed
feminine plural third personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahthey will be killed
masculine plural second personתִּקָּטְלוּtiqqatluyou will be killed
feminine plural second personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahyou will be killed
common plural first personנִקָּטֵלniqqatelwe will be killed
- -**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְנִקְטַלweniqtal(and) he will be killed
feminine singular third personוְנִקְטְלָהweniqtelah(and) she will be killed
masculine singular second personוְנִקְטַלְתָּweniqtalta(and) you will be killed
feminine singular second personוְנִקְטַלְתְּweniqtalt(and) you will be killed
common singular first personוְנִקְטַלְתִּיweniqtalti(and) I will be killed
common plural third personוְנִקְטְלוּweniqtelu(and) they will be killed
masculine plural second personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּםweniqtaltem(and) you will be killed
feminine plural second personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּןweniqtalten(and) you will be killed
common plural first personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּweniqtaltenu(and) we will be killed
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיִּקָּטֵלwayyiqqatel(and) he was killed
feminine singular third personוַתִּקָּטֵלwattiqqatel(and) she was killed
masculine singular second personוַתִּקָּטֵלwattiqqatel(and) you were killed
feminine singular second personוַתִּקָּטְלִיwattiqqatli(and) you were killed
common singular first personוָאֶקָּטֵלwa'eqqatel(and) I was killed
masculine plural third personוַיִּקָּטְלוּwayyiqqatlu(and) they were killed
feminine plural third personוַתִּקָּטַלְנָהwattiqqatalnah(and) they were killed
masculine plural second personוַתִּקָּטְלוּwattiqqatlu(and) you were killed
feminine plural second personוַתִּקָּטַלְנָהwattiqqatalnah(and) you were killed
common plural first personוַנִּקָּטֵלwanniqqatel(and) we were killed
- -**Infinitive** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Infinitive Constructהִקָּטֵלhiqqatelbe killed
Infinitive Absoluteהִקָּטֹל / נִקְטֹלhiqqatol / niqtolbe killed
- -**Imperative** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularהִקָּטֵלhiqqatelyou must be killed
feminine singularהִקָּטְלִיhiqqatliyou must be killed
masculine pluralהִקָּטְלוּhiqqatluyou must be killed
feminine pluralהִקָּטַלְנָהhiqqatalnahyou must be killed
- -**Jussive** - -NOTE: The jussive form in the Niphal stem is recognizable only for select verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (to uncover), where the 3rd radical (ה) has dropped out. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִגָּלyiggalmay he be uncovered
feminine singular third personתִּגָּלtiggalmay she be uncovered
masculine singular second personתִּגָּלtiggalmay you be uncovered
feminine singular second personתִּגָּלִיtiggalimay you be uncovered
masculine plural third personיִגָּלוּyiggalumay they be uncovered
feminine plural third personתִּגָּלְנָהtiggalnahmay they be uncovered
masculine plural second personתִּגָּלוּtiggalumay you be uncovered
feminine plural second personתִּגָּלְנָהtiggalnahmay you be uncovered
- -**Cohortative** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singularאֶקָּטֵלָה'eqqatelahlet me be killed
common pluralנִקָּטֵלָהniqqatelahlet us be killed
- -**Participle** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularנִקְטָלniqtalbeing killed
feminine singularנִקְטָלָהniqtalahbeing killed
masculine pluralנִקְטָלִיםniqtalimbeing killed
feminine pluralנִקְטָלוֹתniqtalothbeing killed
- -### Function - -The Niphal stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: - -#### Expresses passive voice -Passive voice means that the subject of the verb is *receiving* the action rather than *performing* the action. In English, passive voice is expressed using the helping verb "to be." In Biblical Hebrew, the passive nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Niphal form of the verb itself without any helping verbs. - -* 2KI 21:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּגַן־בֵּית֖וֹ
**wayyiqqaver** began-betho
**and-he-was-buried** in-garden-of_his-house
**and he was buried** in the garden of his own house
- -#### Expresses reflexive voice -Reflexive voice means that the subject of the verb is *both* performing *and* receiving the action. In English, reflexive voice is expressed using a reflexive pronoun as the object of the verb, "I tell *myself*". In Biblical Hebrew, the reflexive nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Niphal form of the verb itself without any additional words. - -* NUM 1:21 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הִבָּ֣דְל֔וּ מִתּ֖וֹךְ הָעֵדָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את
**hibbodlu** mittokh ha'edah hazzoth
**Separate-yourselves** from-midst-of the-congregation the-this
**Separate yourselves** from among this community
- -#### Expresses middle voice -Middle voice means that the subject receives the action but also is (partially) involved in performing the action. This kind of action stands somewhere between passive voice and reflexive voice. - -* GEN 3:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם
**wenifqehu** 'enekhem
**and-they-will-be-opened** your-eyes
your eyes **will be opened**
- -#### Expresses reciprocal voice -Reciprocal voice means that multiple subjects are in view who are both performing the action for another and receiving the action from another. In English, reciprocal voice is expressed using the phrase "each other" as the object of the verb, "They tell each other." In Biblical Hebrew, the reciprocal nature of the action is expressed by the Niphal form of the verb itself without any additional words. - -Reciprocal voice must be distinguished from reflexive voice. The phrase "They tell themselves" is reflexive: the subject "they" is a unified group and the action could be expressed reflexively for each individual as "he tells himself, and he tells himself, and she tells herself, etc." The phrase "They tell each other" is reciprocal: each member of the group is telling something to another member of the group, and each member of the group is being told something by another member of the group. - -* 2KI 3:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
נֶֽחֶרְבוּ֙ הַמְּלָכִ֔ים
**nehervu** hammelakhim
**they-have-killed-each-other** the-kings
the kings **have killed each other**
- -#### Expresses simple action -In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs express different meanings in different stem formations. A good example is the Hebrew verb רָאָה. In the Qal stem, the verb רָאָה expresses the simple action "to seֶe". But in the Niphal stem, the verb רָאָה expresses the simple action "to appear". A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the different meanings for these verbs in the various stem formations. - -* GEN 12:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֵּרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם
**wayyera** yehwah 'el-'avram
**And-he-appeared** Yahweh to_Abram
Yahweh **appeared** to Abram
- -#### Expresses stative action - -In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs express stative action in the *Niphal* stem rather than the *Qal* stem. This is a very rare use of the Niphal stem. Stative action is expressed most often using the Qal stem in Biblical Hebrew. - -* GEN 6:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ
**wayyinnahem** yehwah ki-'asah 'eth-ha'adam ba'arets
**And-he-was-sorry** Yahweh that_he-had-made [dir.obj]_the-mankind on-the-earth
Yahweh **regretted** that he had made mankind on the earth
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_niphal/title.md b/content/stem_niphal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index bdfdaac..0000000 --- a/content/stem_niphal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Niphal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_nithpael.rst b/content/stem_nithpael.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ca1666 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_nithpael.rst @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_nithpael.rst + +.. _stem_nithpael: + +Stem Nithpael +============= + +Summary +------- + +The Nithpael is an extremely rare stem formation that is derived from +both the Hithpael and Niphal. It expresses the reflexive voice of the +Piel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Nithpael stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_hithpael` +and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_piel`. +The Nithpael stem is formed from the Hithpael stem by inserting the נ +from the Niphal stem into the Hithpael prefix (נִתְ). It is an extremely +rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* +consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in +the Nithpael stem. + +- DEU 21:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הַדָּֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wenikkapper** lahem haddam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-it-will-be-forgiven** to-them the-blood. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then the bloodshed **will be forgiven** them. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZK 23:48 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְנִֽוַּסְּרוּ֙ כָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weniwwasseru** kol-hannashim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-will-be-disciplined** all\_the-women + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and discipline** all the women + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_nithpael/01.md b/content/stem_nithpael/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index ffcab13..0000000 --- a/content/stem_nithpael/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Nithpael is an extremely rare stem formation that is derived from both the Hithpael and Niphal. It expresses the reflexive voice of the Piel stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_nithpael/02.md b/content/stem_nithpael/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index ff1d092..0000000 --- a/content/stem_nithpael/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Nithpael stem is a variation of the [Hithpael stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hithpael/02.md) and expresses the reflexive voice of the verbal action of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md). The Nithpael stem is formed from the Hithpael stem by inserting the נ from the Niphal stem into the Hithpael prefix (נִתְ). It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Nithpael stem. - -* DEU 21:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הַדָּֽם׃
**wenikkapper** lahem haddam
**And-it-will-be-forgiven** to-them the-blood.
Then the bloodshed **will be forgiven** them.
- -* EZK 23:48 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְנִֽוַּסְּרוּ֙ כָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים
**weniwwasseru** kol-hannashim
**and-will-be-disciplined** all_the-women
**and discipline** all the women
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_nithpael/title.md b/content/stem_nithpael/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 65e2a0d..0000000 --- a/content/stem_nithpael/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Nithpael \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_palel.rst b/content/stem_palel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad2ad84 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_palel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_palel.rst + +.. _stem_palel: + +Stem Palel +========== + +Summary +------- + +The Palel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and +expresses the same range of meanings. + +Article +------- + +The Palel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_piel` +and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. It is the +same stem formation as the +:ref:`stem_pilel`, +only with a variant vocalization. The Palel stem is formed from the Piel +stem by repeating the 3rd radical (with alternate vowels), thus making a +verb that appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal +form in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the occurrences of the Palel stem in +the Hebrew Bible are from the root verb שָׁאַן ("to "). It is recommended +to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of +any verb in the Palel stem. + +- JER 48:11 –– the root is שאן, and the 3rd radical is repeated + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שַׁאֲנַ֨ן מֹואָ֜ב מִנְּעוּרָ֗יו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **sha'anan** mow'av minne'urayw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **He-felt-secure** Moab from-its-youth. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Moab **has felt secure** since he was young. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 15:32 –– the root is רען, and the 3rd radical is repeated + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְ֝כִפָּת֗וֹ לֹ֣א רַעֲנָֽנָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wekhippatho lo **ra'ananah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-his-branch not **will-be-green** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + his branch **will** not **be green** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_palel/01.md b/content/stem_palel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2466e51..0000000 --- a/content/stem_palel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Palel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and expresses the same range of meanings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_palel/02.md b/content/stem_palel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ff0682..0000000 --- a/content/stem_palel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -The Palel stem is a variation of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. It is the same stem formation as the [Pilel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pilel/02.md), only with a variant vocalization. The Palel stem is formed from the Piel stem by repeating the 3rd radical (with alternate vowels), thus making a verb that appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the occurrences of the Palel stem in the Hebrew Bible are from the root verb שָׁאַן ("to "). It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Palel stem. - -* JER 48:11 –– the root is שאן, and the 3rd radical is repeated - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שַׁאֲנַ֨ן מֹואָ֜ב מִנְּעוּרָ֗יו
**sha'anan** mow'av minne'urayw
**He-felt-secure** Moab from-its-youth.
Moab **has felt secure** since he was young.
- -* JOB 15:32 –– the root is רען, and the 3rd radical is repeated - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְ֝כִפָּת֗וֹ לֹ֣א רַעֲנָֽנָה
wekhippatho lo **ra'ananah**
and-his-branch not **will-be-green**
his branch **will** not **be green**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_palel/title.md b/content/stem_palel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3ce9957..0000000 --- a/content/stem_palel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Palel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pealal.rst b/content/stem_pealal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1c72a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_pealal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_pealal.rst + +.. _stem_pealal: + +Stem Pealal +=========== + +Summary +------- + +The Pealal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and +expresses the same range of meanings. + +Article +------- + +The Pealal stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_piel` +and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Pealal +stem is formed from the Piel stem by simply repeating both the 2nd and +3rd radicals, thus making a verb that appears to have 5 consonants. It +is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended +to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of +any verb in the Pilel stem. + +- PSA 38:10 (PSA 38:11 in Hebrew) –– the root is סחר, and the 2nd and + 3rd radicals repeat + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לִבִּ֣י **סְ֭חַרְחַר** עֲזָבַ֣נִי כֹחִ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + libbi **seharhar** 'azavani khohi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + my-heart **pounds** it-fades my-strength + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + my heart pounds, my strength fades + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_pealal/01.md b/content/stem_pealal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a2c1245..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pealal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Pealal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and expresses the same range of meanings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pealal/02.md b/content/stem_pealal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 42f5c05..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pealal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Pealal stem is a variation of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Pealal stem is formed from the Piel stem by simply repeating both the 2nd and 3rd radicals, thus making a verb that appears to have 5 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Pilel stem. - -* PSA 38:10 (PSA 38:11 in Hebrew) –– the root is סחר, and the 2nd and 3rd radicals repeat - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לִבִּ֣י **סְ֭חַרְחַר** עֲזָבַ֣נִי כֹחִ֑י
libbi **seharhar** 'azavani khohi
my-heart **pounds** it-fades my-strength
my heart pounds, my strength fades
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pealal/title.md b/content/stem_pealal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 79988e1..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pealal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Pealal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_piel.rst b/content/stem_piel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48ecb7e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_piel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4384 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_piel.rst + +.. _stem_piel: + +Stem Piel +========= + +Summary +------- + +The Piel stem is the most flexible stem formation in Biblical Hebrew and +can express simple, intensive, resultative, causative, or other kinds of +verbal action depending on the context and the specific verb. + +Article +------- + +The Piel form is a verbal +:ref:`stem` +formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a daghesh in the 2nd +radical of the +:ref:`verb`. +The Piel stem is the most flexible in its use of all the various stem +formations; it can express simple action, intensive action, resultative +action, causative action, or other kinds of action (all in active voice) +depending on the context and the specific verb. Some verbs express +simple action in the Piel stem; some verbs express intensive action in +the Piel stem; for some verbs, the Piel stem might express either simple +action or intensive action, depending on the context; and so on. + +NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for +the specific meaning of the Piel stem for any verb, because the Piel +stem has potential to express many different kinds of action for various +verbs. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטֵּל / קִטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittel / qittal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטֵּל / וְקִטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittel / weqittal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyeqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֲקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'eqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyeqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wanneqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Infinitive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּל / קַטֹּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattel / qattol + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Jussive** + +NOTE: The jussive form in the Piel stem is recognizable only for certain +verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (meaning "to uncover nakedness" in +the Piel stem), where the 3rd radical (ה) has dropped out. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְגַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yegal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּגַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tegal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּגַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tegal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּגַלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tagali + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְגַלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yegalu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּגַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tegalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּגַלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tegalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּגַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tegalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover nakedness + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Cohortative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle (active voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטֶּלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqatteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטְּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqattelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקַטְּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +meqatteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +slaughtering + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Piel stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: + +Expresses simple action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs can express *different* meanings in +*different* stem formations. A good example is the Hebrew verb נָחַם. In +the :ref:`stem_niphal`, +the verb נָחַם usually expresses either stative action ("to be sorry") +or passive action ("to be comforted"). But in the Piel stem, the verb +נָחַם expresses the simple action "to comfort". A dictionary or lexicon +will indicate the different meanings for these verbs in the various stem +formations. + +- RUT 2:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֣י נִֽחַמְתָּ֔נִי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki **nihamtani** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for **you-have-comforted-me** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for **you have comforted me** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +On the other hand, some verbs express the *same* meaning in *multiple* +stem formations. A good example is the verb אָסַף, which expresses the +simple action "to gather" in both the :ref:`stem_qal` +and the Piel stem. This also will be indicated by a dictionary or +lexicon. + +- JDG 19:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ **מְאַסֵּ֥ף** אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'en 'ish **me'assef** 'othi habbayethah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-there-is-not man **gathering** [dir.obj]-me to-the-house + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + but there is no one **who will take me** into his house + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses resultative action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Resultative action means that the primary focus of the verb is on the +result of the verbal action. A good example is the verb שָׁלַח. In the +Qal stem, the verb שָׁלַח means "to send" or "to stretch out". But in the +Piel stem, the verb שָׁלַח means "to send away". + +- GEN 21:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּתֵּ֣ן ... וְאֶת־הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֑הָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyitten ... we'eth-hayyeled **wayeshalleheha** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-gave ... and-[dir.obj]\_the-boy **and-he-sent-her-away** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He gave her the boy and **sent her away** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses causative action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Causative action means that the subject of the verb is causing the +object of the verb either to perform the verbal action (:ref:`verb-dynamic-or-action-verbs`) +or to be in the state described by the verb (:ref:`verb-stative-or-non-action-verbs`). +The Piel stem often serves this causative function with stative verbs. A +good example is the verb מָלֵא. In the Qal stem, the verb מָלֵא +expresses the stative action "to be full". But in the Piel stem, the +verb מָלֵא expresses the causative action "to fill" (meaning, *to cause +something to be full*). In English, causative action is expressed using +the main verb "to cause" paired with the infinitive of the verbal action +in view. In Biblical Hebrew, the causative nature of the verbal action +is expressed by the Piel form of the verb itself with no additional +verbal element. + +NOTE: Causative action must be expressed by a :ref:`verb-transitive-verbs`, +but non-causative action can be expressed by an :ref:`verb-intransitive-verbs`. +Thus, a verb that is transitive in the Piel stem may be intransitive in +the Qal and/or Niphal stems. + +- JOB 38:12 –– expressing causative action with a dynamic verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הְֽ֭מִיָּמֶיךָ צִוִּ֣יתָ בֹּ֑קֶר **יִדַּ֖עְתָּ** שַׁחַר מְקֹמֽוֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hemiyyameykha tsiwwitha boqer **yidda'ta** shahar meqomo + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + [quest.]-from-your-days you-commanded morning **you-make-known** dawn + his-place + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Have you ever, since your own days began, given orders to the morning + to begin, and **caused** the morning dawn **to know** its place + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 21:19 –– expressing causative action with a stative verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ **וַתְּמַלֵּ֤א** אֶת־הַחֵ֙מֶת֙ מַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattelekh **wattemalle** 'eth-hahemeth mayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-she-went **and-she-filled** [dir.obj]\_the-skin-of water + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + She went **and filled** the skin with water + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses intensive action +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Intensive action means that the verbal action is strengthened in some +way. A good example is the Hebrew verb שָׁבַר. In the Qal stem, the verb +שָׁבַר means "to break". But in the Piel stem, the verb שָׁבַר means "to +shatter" or "to break in pieces". A dictionary or lexicon will indicate +an intensive nuance in comparison with the meaning of the verb in other +stem formations. + +- EXO 9:25 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָם֙ תִּתֹּצ֔וּן וְאֶת־מַצֵּבֹתָ֖ם תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'eth-mizbehotham tittotsun we'eth-matsevotham **teshabberun** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + [dir.obj]\_their-altars you-break-down and-[dir.obj]\_their-pillars + **you-shatter** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you must break down their altars, **smash** their stone pillars + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses various other kinds of verbal action +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Sometimes the Piel form is used in ways that do not follow the general +conventions of the Piel stem as listed above. In these instances, the +context demonstrates that none of the normal meanings of the verbal +action make sense. A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct +meaning in these rare instances of the Piel stem. + +- ISA 10:1 –– the Piel form of the verb כָּתַב ("to write") has + uncertain meaning, but seems to indicate *a specific kind* of writing + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ה֥וֹי הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־אָ֑וֶן **וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים** עָמָ֖ל + **כִּתֵּֽבוּ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hoy hahoqeqim hiqqe-'awen **umekhattevim** 'amal **kittevu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + woe the-ones-who-enact laws-of\_iniquity **and-writers** oppression + **they-write** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Woe to those who enact unjust laws **and write** unfair **decrees** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NUM 19:19 –– the verb חָטָא means "to sin" in the Qal stem, but ִin + the Piel stem it means "to purify" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְחִטְּאוֹ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wehitte'o** bayyom hashevi'i + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-purifies-him** on-the-day the-seventh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + On the seventh day the unclean person **must purify himself** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 1:5 –– verbal action is the *opposite* of the normal meaning of + the verb + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אוּלַי֙ חָטְא֣וּ בָנַ֔י **וּבֵרֲכ֥וּ** אֱלֹהִ֖ים בִּלְבָבָ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ulay hot'u vanay **uverakhu** 'elohim bilvavam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + perhaps they-have-sinned my-sons **and-they-have-blessed** God + in-their-hearts + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Perhaps my children have sinned **and cursed** God in their hearts + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_piel/01.md b/content/stem_piel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index d80ac1e..0000000 --- a/content/stem_piel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Piel stem is the most flexible stem formation in Biblical Hebrew and can express simple, intensive, resultative, causative, or other kinds of verbal action depending on the context and the specific verb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_piel/02.md b/content/stem_piel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c20d07c..0000000 --- a/content/stem_piel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,368 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -The Piel form is a verbal [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a daghesh in the 2nd radical of the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md). The Piel stem is the most flexible in its use of all the various stem formations; it can express simple action, intensive action, resultative action, causative action, or other kinds of action (all in active voice) depending on the context and the specific verb. Some verbs express simple action in the Piel stem; some verbs express intensive action in the Piel stem; for some verbs, the Piel stem might express either simple action or intensive action, depending on the context; and so on. - -NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the specific meaning of the Piel stem for any verb, because the Piel stem has potential to express many different kinds of action for various verbs. - -## Form - - -### Paradigm - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personקִטֵּל / קִטַּלqittel / qittalhe slaughtered
feminine singular third personקִטְּלָהqittelahshe slaughtered
masculine singular second personקִטַּלְתָּqittaltayou slaughtered
feminine singular second personקִטַּלְתְּqittaltyou slaughtered
common singular first personקִטַּלְתִּיqittaltiI slaughtered
common plural third personקִטְּלוּqitteluthey slaughtered
masculine plural second personקִטַּלְתֶּםqittaltemyou slaughtered
feminine plural second personקִטַּלְתֶּןqittaltenyou slaughtered
common plural first personקִטַּלְנוּqittalnuwe slaughtered
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְקַטֵּלyiqattelhe will slaughter
feminine singular third personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelshe will slaughter
masculine singular second personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelyou will slaughter
feminine singular second personתְּקַטְּלִיtiqatteliyou will slaughter
common singular first personאֲקַטֵּל'eqattelI will slaughter
masculine plural third personיְקַטְּלוּyiqatteluthey will slaughter
feminine plural third personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahthey will slaughter
masculine plural second personתְּקַטְּלוּtiqatteluyou will slaughter
feminine plural second personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahyou will slaughter
common plural first personנְקַטֵּלniqattelwe will slaughter
- -**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקִטֵּל / וְקִטַּלweqittel / weqittal(and) he will slaughter
feminine singular third personוְקִטְּלָהweqittelah(and) she will slaughter
masculine singular second personוְקִטַּלְתָּweqittalta(and) you will slaughter
feminine singular second personוְקִטַּלְתְּweqittalt(and) you will slaughter
common singular first personוְקִטַּלְתִּיweqittalti(and) I will slaughter
common plural third personוְקִטְּלוּweqittelu(and) they will slaughter
masculine plural second personוְקִטַּלְתֶּםweqittaltem(and) you will slaughter
feminine plural second personוְקִטַּלְתֶּןweqittalten(and) you will slaughter
common plural first personוְקִטַּלְנוּweqittalnu(and) we will slaughter
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיְּקַטֵּלwayyeqattel(and) he slaughtered
feminine singular third personוַתְּקַטֵּלwatteqattel(and) she slaughtered
masculine singular second personוַתְּקַטֵּלwatteqattel(and) you slaughtered
feminine singular second personוַתְּקַטְּלִיwatteqatteli(and) you slaughtered
common singular first personוָאֲקַטֵּלwa'eqattel(and) I slaughtered
masculine plural third personוַיְּקַטְּלוּwayyeqattelu(and) they slaughtered
feminine plural third personוַתְּקַטַּלְנָהwatteqattelnah(and) they slaughtered
masculine plural second personוַתְּקַטְּלוּwatteqattelu(and) you slaughtered
feminine plural second personוַתְּקַטַּלְנָהwatteqattelnah(and) you slaughtered
common plural first personוַנְּקַטֵּלwanneqattel(and) we slaughtered
- -**Infinitive** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Infinitive Constructקַטֵּלqattelslaughter
Infinitive Absoluteקַטֵּל / קַטֹּלqattel / qattolslaughter
- -**Imperative** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularקַטֵּלqattelyou must slaughter
feminine singularקַטְּלִיqatteliyou must slaughter
masculine pluralקַטְּלוּqatteluyou must slaughter
feminine pluralקַטֵּלְנָהqattelnahyou must slaughter
- -**Jussive** - -NOTE: The jussive form in the Piel stem is recognizable only for certain verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (meaning "to uncover nakedness" in the Piel stem), where the 3rd radical (ה) has dropped out. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְגַלyegalmay he uncover nakedness
feminine singular third personתְּגַלtegalmay she uncover nakedness
masculine singular second personתְּגַלtegalmay you uncover nakedness
feminine singular second personתְּגַלִיtagalimay you uncover nakedness
masculine plural third personיְגַלוּyegalumay they uncover nakedness
feminine plural third personתְּגַלְנָהtegalnahmay they uncover nakedness
masculine plural second personתְּגַלוּtegalnumay you uncover nakedness
feminine plural second personתְּגַלְנָהtegalnahmay you uncover nakedness
- -**Cohortative** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singularאֲקַטֵּלָה'eqattelahlet me slaughter
common pluralנְקַטֵּלָהniqattelahlet us slaughter
- -**Participle (active voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularמְקַטֵּלmeqattelslaughtering
feminine singularמְקַטֶּלֶתmeqattelethslaughtering
masculine pluralמְקַטְּלִיםmeqattelimslaughtering
feminine pluralמְקַטְּלוֹתmeqattelothslaughtering
- -## Function - -The Piel stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: - -### Expresses simple action -In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs can express *different* meanings in *different* stem formations. A good example is the Hebrew verb נָחַם. In the [Niphal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_niphal/02.md), the verb נָחַם usually expresses either stative action ("to be sorry") or passive action ("to be comforted"). But in the Piel stem, the verb נָחַם expresses the simple action "to comfort". A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the different meanings for these verbs in the various stem formations. - -* RUT 2:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֣י נִֽחַמְתָּ֔נִי
ki **nihamtani**
for **you-have-comforted-me**
for **you have comforted me**
- -On the other hand, some verbs express the *same* meaning in *multiple* stem formations. A good example is the verb אָסַף, which expresses the simple action "to gather" in both the [Qal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal/02.md) and the Piel stem. This also will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon. - -* JDG 19:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ **מְאַסֵּ֥ף** אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה
we'en 'ish **me'assef** 'othi habbayethah
and-there-is-not man **gathering** [dir.obj]-me to-the-house
but there is no one **who will take me** into his house
- -### Expresses resultative action -Resultative action means that the primary focus of the verb is on the result of the verbal action. A good example is the verb שָׁלַח. In the Qal stem, the verb שָׁלַח means "to send" or "to stretch out". But in the Piel stem, the verb שָׁלַח means "to send away". - -* GEN 21:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּתֵּ֣ן ... וְאֶת־הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֑הָ
wayyitten ... we'eth-hayyeled **wayeshalleheha**
and-he-gave ... and-[dir.obj]_the-boy **and-he-sent-her-away**
He gave her the boy and **sent her away**
- -### Expresses causative action -Causative action means that the subject of the verb is causing the object of the verb either to perform the verbal action ([dynamic verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#dynamic-or-action-verbs)) or to be in the state described by the verb ([stative verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#stative-or-non-action-verbs)). The Piel stem often serves this causative function with stative verbs. A good example is the verb מָלֵא. In the Qal stem, the verb מָלֵא expresses the stative action "to be full". But in the Piel stem, the verb מָלֵא expresses the causative action "to fill" (meaning, *to cause something to be full*). In English, causative action is expressed using the main verb "to cause" paired with the infinitive of the verbal action in view. In Biblical Hebrew, the causative nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Piel form of the verb itself with no additional verbal element. - -NOTE: Causative action must be expressed by a [transitive verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#transitive-verbs), but non-causative action can be expressed by an [intransitive verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#intransitive-verbs). Thus, a verb that is transitive in the Piel stem may be intransitive in the Qal and/or Niphal stems. - -* JOB 38:12 –– expressing causative action with a dynamic verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הְֽ֭מִיָּמֶיךָ צִוִּ֣יתָ בֹּ֑קֶר **יִדַּ֖עְתָּ** שַׁחַר מְקֹמֽוֹ
hemiyyameykha tsiwwitha boqer **yidda'ta** shahar meqomo
[quest.]-from-your-days you-commanded morning **you-make-known** dawn his-place
Have you ever, since your own days began, given orders to the morning to begin, and **caused** the morning dawn **to know** its place
- -* GEN 21:19 –– expressing causative action with a stative verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ **וַתְּמַלֵּ֤א** אֶת־הַחֵ֙מֶת֙ מַ֔יִם
wattelekh **wattemalle** 'eth-hahemeth mayim
and-she-went **and-she-filled** [dir.obj]_the-skin-of water
She went **and filled** the skin with water
- -### Expresses intensive action -Intensive action means that the verbal action is strengthened in some way. A good example is the Hebrew verb שָׁבַר. In the Qal stem, the verb שָׁבַר means "to break". But in the Piel stem, the verb שָׁבַר means "to shatter" or "to break in pieces". A dictionary or lexicon will indicate an intensive nuance in comparison with the meaning of the verb in other stem formations. - -* EXO 9:25 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָם֙ תִּתֹּצ֔וּן וְאֶת־מַצֵּבֹתָ֖ם תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן
'eth-mizbehotham tittotsun we'eth-matsevotham **teshabberun**
[dir.obj]_their-altars you-break-down and-[dir.obj]_their-pillars **you-shatter**
you must break down their altars, **smash** their stone pillars
- -#### Expresses various other kinds of verbal action -Sometimes the Piel form is used in ways that do not follow the general conventions of the Piel stem as listed above. In these instances, the context demonstrates that none of the normal meanings of the verbal action make sense. A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning in these rare instances of the Piel stem. - -* ISA 10:1 –– the Piel form of the verb כָּתַב ("to write") has uncertain meaning, but seems to indicate *a specific kind* of writing - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
ה֥וֹי הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־אָ֑וֶן **וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים** עָמָ֖ל **כִּתֵּֽבוּ**׃
hoy hahoqeqim hiqqe-'awen **umekhattevim** 'amal **kittevu**
woe the-ones-who-enact laws-of_iniquity **and-writers** oppression **they-write**
Woe to those who enact unjust laws **and write** unfair **decrees**
- -* NUM 19:19 –– the verb חָטָא means "to sin" in the Qal stem, but ִin the Piel stem it means "to purify" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְחִטְּאוֹ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י
**wehitte'o** bayyom hashevi'i
**and-he-purifies-him** on-the-day the-seventh
On the seventh day the unclean person **must purify himself**
- -* JOB 1:5 –– verbal action is the *opposite* of the normal meaning of the verb - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אוּלַי֙ חָטְא֣וּ בָנַ֔י **וּבֵרֲכ֥וּ** אֱלֹהִ֖ים בִּלְבָבָ֑ם
'ulay hot'u vanay **uverakhu** 'elohim bilvavam
perhaps they-have-sinned my-sons **and-they-have-blessed** God in-their-hearts
Perhaps my children have sinned **and cursed** God in their hearts
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_piel/title.md b/content/stem_piel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index c68983b..0000000 --- a/content/stem_piel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Piel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pilel.rst b/content/stem_pilel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bd766d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_pilel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_pilel.rst + +.. _stem_pilel: + +Stem Pilel +========== + +Summary +------- + +The Pilel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and +expresses the same range of meanings. + +Article +------- + +The Pilel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_piel` +and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. It is the +same stem formation as the +:ref:`stem_palel`, +only with a variant vocalization. The Pilel stem is formed from the Piel +stem by repeating the 3rd radical, thus making a verb that can appear to +have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical +Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon +for the precise nuance of any verb in the Pilel stem. + +- GEN 21:16 –– כִּמְטַחֲוֵ֣י has two prefixed elements: כִּ is a bound + preposition, and מְ is the participle prefix + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּמְטַחֲוֵ֣י קֶ֔שֶׁת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **kimtahawe** qesheth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **like-shooting** bow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **about** the distance of a bow\ **shot** away + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_pilel/01.md b/content/stem_pilel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 82348ce..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pilel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Pilel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and expresses the same range of meanings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pilel/02.md b/content/stem_pilel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4112271..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pilel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Pilel stem is a variation of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. It is the same stem formation as the [Palel](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_palel/02.md), only with a variant vocalization. The Pilel stem is formed from the Piel stem by repeating the 3rd radical, thus making a verb that can appear to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Pilel stem. - -* GEN 21:16 –– כִּמְטַחֲוֵ֣י has two prefixed elements: כִּ is a bound preposition, and מְ is the participle prefix - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּמְטַחֲוֵ֣י קֶ֔שֶׁת
**kimtahawe** qesheth
**like-shooting** bow
**about** the distance of a bow**shot** away
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pilel/title.md b/content/stem_pilel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 08265b1..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pilel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Pilel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pilpel.rst b/content/stem_pilpel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fcb6e0f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_pilpel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1529 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_pilpel.rst + +.. _stem_pilpel: + +Stem Pilpel +=========== + +Summary +------- + +The Pilpel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and +expresses the same range of meanings. + +Article +------- + +The Pilpel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_piel` +and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Pilpel +stem is formed from the Piel by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating +the 1st and 3rd radical, thus making a verb that appears to have 4 +consonants. It is a rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the +occurrences of the Pilpel stem in the Hebrew Bible are from the root +verb כּוּל ("to comprehend, contain"). It is recommended to *always* +consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in +the Pilpel stem. + +Form +---- + +**Suffix Conjugation (from the root כּוּל, meaning "to sustain" in the +Pilpel stem)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכֲּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkalah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכֲּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkalu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלְכַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּלכַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +kilkalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְכַלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yikhalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכַלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכַלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכַלְכְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhalkeli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲכַלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'akhalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְכַלְכְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yekhalkelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכַלְכֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhalkelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכַלְכְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhalkelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכַלְכֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhalkelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְכַלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +nekhalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכַלְכֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhalkel + +.. raw:: html + + + +sustaining / he who sustains + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכַלְכֶּלֶת / מְכַלְכְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhalkeleth / mekhalkelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +sustaining / she who sustains + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכַלְכְּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhalkelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +sustaining / men who sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכַלְכְּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhalkeloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +sustaining / women who sustain + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- ISA 22:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מְקַרְקַ֥ר קִ֖ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **meqarqar** qir + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **breaking-down** wall + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + a **breaking down** of the walls + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZE 39:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֨יךָ֙ וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִ֔יךָ וְהַעֲלִיתִ֖יךָ מִיַּרְכְּתֵ֣י + צָפֹ֑ון + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weshovavtikha weshishethikha** weha'alithikha miyyarkethe tsafown + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-I-will-turn-you and-I-will-lead-you** and-I-will-bring-you-up + from-remotest north + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I will turn you and lead you on** I will bring you up from the far + north + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_pilpel/01.md b/content/stem_pilpel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index d6be446..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pilpel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Pilpel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and expresses the same range of meanings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pilpel/02.md b/content/stem_pilpel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 221210a..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pilpel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Pilpel stem is a variation of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Pilpel stem is formed from the Piel by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating the 1st and 3rd radical, thus making a verb that appears to have 4 consonants. It is a rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the occurrences of the Pilpel stem in the Hebrew Bible are from the root verb כּוּל ("to comprehend, contain"). It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Pilpel stem. - -## Form - -**Suffix Conjugation (from the root כּוּל, meaning "to sustain" in the Pilpel stem)** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personכִּלְכֵּלkilkelhe sustained
feminine singular third personכִּלְכֲּלָהkilkalahshe sustained
masculine singular second personכִּלְכַּלְתָּkilkaltayou sustained
feminine singular second personכִּלְכַּלְתְּkilkaltyou sustained
common singular first personכִּלְכַּלְתִּיkilkaltiI sustained
common plural third personכִּלְכֲּלוּkilkaluthey sustained
masculine plural second personכִּלְכַּלְתֶּםkilkaltemyou sustained
feminine plural second personכִּלְכַּלְתֶּןkilkaltenyou sustained
common plural first personכִּלכַּלְנוּkilkalnuwe sustained
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְכַלְכֵּלyikhalkelhe will sustain
feminine singular third personתְּכַלְכֵּלtekhalkelshe will sustain
masculine singular second personתְּכַלְכֵּלtekhalkelyou will sustain
feminine singular second personתְּכַלְכְּלִיtekhalkeliyou will sustain
common singular first personאֲכַלְכֵּל'akhalkelI will sustain
masculine plural third personיְכַלְכְּלוּyekhalkeluthey will sustain
feminine plural third personתְּכַלְכֵּלְנָהtekhalkelnahthey will sustain
masculine plural second personתְּכַלְכְּלוּtekhalkeluyou will sustain
feminine plural second personתְּכַלְכֵּלְנָהtekhalkelnahyou will sustain
common plural first personנְכַלְכֵּלnekhalkelwe will sustain
- -**Participle** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteמְכַלְכֵּלmekhalkelsustaining / he who sustains
feminine singular absoluteמְכַלְכֶּלֶת / מְכַלְכְּלָהmekhalkeleth / mekhalkelahsustaining / she who sustains
masculine plural absoluteמְכַלְכְּלִיםmekhalkelimsustaining / men who sustain
feminine plural absoluteמְכַלְכְּלוֹתmekhalkelothsustaining / women who sustain
- -## Examples - -* ISA 22:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מְקַרְקַ֥ר קִ֖ר
**meqarqar** qir
**breaking-down** wall
a **breaking down** of the walls
- -* EZE 39:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֨יךָ֙ וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִ֔יךָ וְהַעֲלִיתִ֖יךָ מִיַּרְכְּתֵ֣י צָפֹ֑ון
**weshovavtikha weshishethikha** weha'alithikha miyyarkethe tsafown
**And-I-will-turn-you and-I-will-lead-you** and-I-will-bring-you-up from-remotest north
**I will turn you and lead you on** I will bring you up from the far north
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pilpel/title.md b/content/stem_pilpel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7e1b616..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pilpel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Pilpel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_poal.rst b/content/stem_poal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..efff3f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_poal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_poal.rst + +.. _stem_poal: + +Stem Poal +========= + +Summary +------- + +The Poal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Pual. It +expresses the passive voice of the Poel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Poal stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_pual` +and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_poel`. +The Poal stem is formed from the Pual by a vowel change. It is an +extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to +*always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any +verb in the Poal stem. + +NOTE: The Poal stem appears exactly the same as the Poel stem in all +conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are +different. + +Form +---- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Suffix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +holal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he is humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְהוֹלַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yeholal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will be humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Participle + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְהוֹלָל + +.. raw:: html + + + +meholal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being humiliated / he who is humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Example +------- + +- JER 12:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + נְטַעְתָּם֙ גַּם־שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + neta'tam gam-\ **shorashu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you-plant-them also\_\ **they-took-root** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You planted them and **they took root**. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_poal/01.md b/content/stem_poal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 83d45de..0000000 --- a/content/stem_poal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Poal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Pual. It expresses the passive voice of the Poel stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_poal/02.md b/content/stem_poal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01ad123..0000000 --- a/content/stem_poal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Poal stem is a variation of the [Pual stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pual/02.md) and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the [Poel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_poel/02.md). The Poal stem is formed from the Pual by a vowel change. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Poal stem. - -NOTE: The Poal stem appears exactly the same as the Poel stem in all conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are different. - -## Form - - - - - - - - - - - -
ConjugationParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Suffix Conjugationmasculine singular third personהוֹלַלholalhe is humiliated
Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personיְהוֹלַלyeholalhe will be humiliated
Participlemasculine singular absoluteמְהוֹלָלmeholalbeing humiliated / he who is humiliated
- -## Example - -* JER 12:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
נְטַעְתָּם֙ גַּם־שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ
neta'tam gam-**shorashu**
you-plant-them also_**they-took-root**
You planted them and **they took root**.
diff --git a/content/stem_poal/title.md b/content/stem_poal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index b18db81..0000000 --- a/content/stem_poal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Poal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_poel.rst b/content/stem_poel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..795a694 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_poel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1526 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_poel.rst + +.. _stem_poel: + +Stem Poel +========= + +Summary +------- + +The Poel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and +expresses the same range of meanings. + +Article +------- + +The Poel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_piel` +and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Poel +stem is formed from the Piel by a vowel change and is a rare verbal form +in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary +or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Poel stem. + +NOTE: The Poel stem appears exactly the same as the Poal stem in all +conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are +different. + +Form +---- + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +holel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלֲלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +holalah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +holalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +holalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +holalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלֲלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +holalu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +holaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +holalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הוֹלַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +holalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we humiliated + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yeholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +teholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +teholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּהוֹלֲלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +teholali + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'alholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְהוֹלֲלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yeholalu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּהוֹלַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +teholalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּהוֹלֲלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +teholalu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּהוֹלַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +teholalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +neholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְהוֹלֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +meholel + +.. raw:: html + + + +humiliating / he who humiliates + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְהוֹלְלֶת / מְהוֹלְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +meholeleth / meholelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +humiliating / she who humiliates + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְהוֹלְלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +meholelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +humiliating / men who humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְהוֹלְלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +meholeloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +humiliating / women who humiliate + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- ISA 40:24 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַ֛ף בַּל־\ **שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ** בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'af bal-\ **shoresh** ba'arets giz'am + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + even not\_\ **taken root** in-the-earth their-stem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + their stem **has** barely **taken root** in the earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 9:15 –– this form is a Poel + :ref:`participle_active` + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לִ֝מְשֹׁפְטִ֗י אֶתְחַנָּֽן׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **limshofeti** 'ethhannan + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **to-my-judge** I-will-plead-for-mercy + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I could only plead for mercy **with my judge** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_poel/01.md b/content/stem_poel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 950d520..0000000 --- a/content/stem_poel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Poel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and expresses the same range of meanings. diff --git a/content/stem_poel/02.md b/content/stem_poel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 98f1fb9..0000000 --- a/content/stem_poel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Poel stem is a variation of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Poel stem is formed from the Piel by a vowel change and is a rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Poel stem. - -NOTE: The Poel stem appears exactly the same as the Poal stem in all conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are different. - -## Form - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהוֹלֵלholelhe humiliated
feminine singular third personהוֹלֲלָהholalahshe humiliated
masculine singular second personהוֹלַלְתָּholaltayou humiliated
feminine singular second personהוֹלַלְתְּholaltyou humiliated
common singular first personהוֹלַלְתִּיholaltiI humiliated
common plural third personהוֹלֲלוּholaluthey humiliated
masculine plural second personהוֹלַלְתֶּםholaltemyou humiliated
feminine plural second personהוֹלַלְתֶּןholaltenyou humiliated
common plural first personהוֹלַלְנוּholalnuwe humiliated
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְהוֹלֵלyeholelhe will humiliate
feminine singular third personתְּהוֹלֵלteholelshe will humiliate
masculine singular second personתְּהוֹלֵלteholelyou will humiliate
feminine singular second personתְּהוֹלֲלִיteholaliyou will humiliate
common singular first personאֲהוֹלֵל'alholelI will humiliate
masculine plural third personיְהוֹלֲלוּyeholaluthey will humiliate
feminine plural third personתְּהוֹלַלְנָהteholalnahthey will humiliate
masculine plural second personתְּהוֹלֲלוּteholaluyou will humiliate
feminine plural second personתְּהוֹלַלְנָהteholalnahyou will humiliate
common plural first personנְהוֹלֵלneholelwe will humiliate
- -**Participle** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteמְהוֹלֵלmeholelhumiliating / he who humiliates
feminine singular absoluteמְהוֹלְלֶת / מְהוֹלְלָהmeholeleth / meholelahhumiliating / she who humiliates
masculine plural absoluteמְהוֹלְלִיםmeholelimhumiliating / men who humiliate
feminine plural absoluteמְהוֹלְלוֹתmeholelothhumiliating / women who humiliate
- -## Examples - -* ISA 40:24 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַ֛ף בַּל־**שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ** בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם
'af bal-**shoresh** ba'arets giz'am
even not_**taken root** in-the-earth their-stem
their stem **has** barely **taken root** in the earth
- -* JOB 9:15 –– this form is a Poel [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לִ֝מְשֹׁפְטִ֗י אֶתְחַנָּֽן׃
**limshofeti** 'ethhannan
**to-my-judge** I-will-plead-for-mercy
I could only plead for mercy **with my judge**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_poel/title.md b/content/stem_poel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3a3a463..0000000 --- a/content/stem_poel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Poel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polal.rst b/content/stem_polal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a60381f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_polal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,597 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_polal.rst + +.. _stem_polal: + +Stem Polal +========== + +Summary +------- + +The Polal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Pual. It +expresses the passive voice of the Polel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Polal stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_pual` +and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_polel`. +The Polal stem is formed from the Pual by dropping the 2nd radical and +repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is an extremely rare +verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a +dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Polal +stem. + +NOTE: The Polal stem appears exactly the same as the Polel stem in all +conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are +different. + +Form +---- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Suffix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַן + +.. raw:: html + + + +konan + +.. raw:: html + + + +he is established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְכוֹנַן + +.. raw:: html + + + +yekonan + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will be established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Sequential Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּכוֹנַן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyekhonan + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he was established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Imperative + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַן + +.. raw:: html + + + +konan + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Participle + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכוֹנָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhonan + +.. raw:: html + + + +being established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- ISA 16:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּבַכְּרָמִ֥ים לֹֽא־\ **יְרֻנָּ֖ן** לֹ֣א יְרֹעָ֑ע + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + uvakkeramim lo-\ **yerunnan** lo **yero'a'** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-in-the-vineyard not\_\ **it-is-sung** not **it-is-shouted**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and **there is** no **singing**, or **shouts** in the vineyards. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZE 28:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּיֹ֥ום הִבָּרַאֲךָ֖ **כֹּונָֽנוּ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + beyowm hibbara'akha **kownanu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In-day you-were-created **they-were-prepared**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + It was on the day you were created that **they were prepared**. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_polal/01.md b/content/stem_polal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c454af3..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Polal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Pual. It expresses the passive voice of the Polel stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polal/02.md b/content/stem_polal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1be615e..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Polal stem is a variation of the [Pual stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pual/02.md) and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the [Polel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_polel/02.md). The Polal stem is formed from the Pual by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Polal stem. - -NOTE: The Polal stem appears exactly the same as the Polel stem in all conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are different. - -## Form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ConjugationParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Suffix Conjugationmasculine singular third personכּוֹנַןkonanhe is established
Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personיְכוֹנַןyekonanhe will be established
Sequential Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personוַיְּכוֹנַןwayyekhonan(and) he was established
Imperativemasculine singularכּוֹנַןkonanyou must be established
Participlemasculine singular absoluteמְכוֹנָןmekhonanbeing established
- -## Examples - -* ISA 16:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּבַכְּרָמִ֥ים לֹֽא־**יְרֻנָּ֖ן** לֹ֣א יְרֹעָ֑ע
uvakkeramim lo-**yerunnan** lo **yero'a'**
and-in-the-vineyard not_**it-is-sung** not **it-is-shouted**.
and **there is** no **singing**, or **shouts** in the vineyards.
- -* EZE 28:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּיֹ֥ום הִבָּרַאֲךָ֖ **כֹּונָֽנוּ**׃
beyowm hibbara'akha **kownanu**
In-day you-were-created **they-were-prepared**.
It was on the day you were created that **they were prepared**.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polal/title.md b/content/stem_polal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index aa3e761..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Polal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polel.rst b/content/stem_polel.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e067b9c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_polel.rst @@ -0,0 +1,2323 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_polel.rst + +.. _stem_polel: + +Stem Polel +========== + +Summary +------- + +The Polel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and +expresses the same range of meanings. + +Article +------- + +The Polel stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_piel` +and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Polel +stem is formed from the Piel stem by dropping the 2nd radical and +repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a rare verbal +form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a +dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Polel +stem. + +NOTE: The Polel stem appears exactly the same as the Polal stem in all +conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are +different. + +Form +---- + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +konen + +.. raw:: html + + + +he established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנֲנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +konanah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַנְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +konanta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַנְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +konant + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַנְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +konanti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +konanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַנְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +konantem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַנְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +konanten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנַנּוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +konannu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +yekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכוֹנֲנִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhonani + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +'akhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְכוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yekhonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּכוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tekhonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +nekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּכוֹנֲנִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattekhonani + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֲכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'akhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּכוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyekhonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּכוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattekhonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּכוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattekhonanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּכוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattkhonennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנְּכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we established + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +konen + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנֲנִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +konani + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנֲנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +konanu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +כּוֹנֵנָּה + +.. raw:: html + + + +konennah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must establish + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכוֹנֵן + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhonen + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing / founder + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכוֹנְנֶת / מְכוֹנְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhoneneth / mekhonenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing / founder + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכוֹנְנִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhonenim + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing / founders + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכוֹנְנוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekhonenoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +establishing / founders + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- PRO 14:34 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + צְדָקָ֥ה **תְרֹֽומֵֽם**\ ־גֹּ֑וי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tsedaqah **therowmem**-gowy + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Righteousness **exalts**\ \_nation + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Doing what is right **exalts** a nation + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 35:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּתְחֹ֥ולֵֽל לֹֽו׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **uthehowlel** low + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-you-will-wait** for-him. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and you are waiting** for him. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_polel/01.md b/content/stem_polel/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index b214c29..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polel/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Polel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and expresses the same range of meanings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polel/02.md b/content/stem_polel/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 320bbf4..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polel/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,151 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Polel stem is a variation of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Polel stem is formed from the Piel stem by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Polel stem. - -NOTE: The Polel stem appears exactly the same as the Polal stem in all conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are different. - -## Form - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personכּוֹנֵןkonenhe established
feminine singular third personכּוֹנֲנָהkonanahshe established
masculine singular second personכּוֹנַנְתָּkonantayou established
feminine singular second personכּוֹנַנְתְּkonantyou established
common singular first personכּוֹנַנְתִּיkonantiI established
common plural third personכּוֹנֲנוּkonanuthey established
masculine plural second personכּוֹנַנְתֶּםkonantemyou established
feminine plural second personכּוֹנַנְתֶּןkonantenyou established
common plural first personכּוֹנַנּוּkonannuwe established
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְכוֹנֵןyekhonenhe will establish
feminine singular third personתְּכוֹנֵןtekhonenshe will establish
masculine singular second personתְּכוֹנֵןtekhonenyou will establish
feminine singular second personתְּכוֹנֲנִיtekhonaniyou will establish
common singular first personאֲכוֹנֵן'akhonenI will establish
masculine plural third personיְכוֹנֲנוּyekhonanuthey will establish
feminine plural third personתְּכוֹנֵנָּהtekhonennahthey will establish
masculine plural second personתְּכוֹנֲנוּtekhonanuyou will establish
feminine plural second personתְּכוֹנֵנָּהtekhonennahyou will establish
common plural first personנְכוֹנֵןnekhonenwe will establish
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיְּכוֹנֵןwayyekhonen(and) he established
feminine singular third personוַתְּכוֹנֵןwattekhonen(and) she established
masculine singular second personוַתְּכוֹנֵןwattekhonen(and) you established
feminine singular second personוַתְּכוֹנֲנִיwattekhonani(and) you established
common singular first personוָאֲכוֹנֵןwa'akhonen(and) I established
masculine plural third personוַיְּכוֹנֲנוּwayyekhonanu(and) they established
feminine plural third personוַתְּכוֹנֵנָּהwattekhonennah(and) they established
masculine plural second personוַתְּכוֹנֲנוּwattekhonanu(and) you established
feminine plural second personוַתְּכוֹנֵנָּהwattkhonennah(and) you established
common plural first personוַנְּכוֹנֵןwannekhonen(and) we established
- -**Imperative** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularכּוֹנֵןkonenyou must establish
feminine singularכּוֹנֲנִיkonaniyou must establish
masculine pluralכּוֹנֲנוּkonanuyou must establish
feminine pluralכּוֹנֵנָּהkonennahyou must establish
- -**Participle** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteמְכוֹנֵןmekhonenestablishing / founder
feminine singular absoluteמְכוֹנְנֶת / מְכוֹנְנָהmekhoneneth / mekhonenahestablishing / founder
masculine plural absoluteמְכוֹנְנִיםmekhonenimestablishing / founders
feminine plural absoluteמְכוֹנְנוֹתmekhonenothestablishing / founders
- -## Examples - -* PRO 14:34 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
צְדָקָ֥ה **תְרֹֽומֵֽם**־גֹּ֑וי
tsedaqah **therowmem**-gowy
Righteousness **exalts**_nation
Doing what is right **exalts** a nation
- -* JOB 35:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּתְחֹ֥ולֵֽל לֹֽו׃
**uthehowlel** low
**and-you-will-wait** for-him.
**and you are waiting** for him.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polel/title.md b/content/stem_polel/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index c056b35..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polel/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Polel \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polpal.rst b/content/stem_polpal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..465eb61 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_polpal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_polpal.rst + +.. _stem_polpal: + +Stem Polpal +=========== + +Summary +------- + +The Polpal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Pual. It +expresses the passive voice of the Pilpel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Polpal stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_pual` +and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_pilpel`. +The Polpal stem is formed from the Pual by dropping the 2nd radical and +repeating the 1st and 3rd radicals (with a vowel change), thus making a +verb that appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal +form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a +dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Polpal +stem. + +Form +---- + +**From the root כּוּל, meaning "to sustain" in the Pilpel stem** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Suffix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +כָּלְכַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +kalkal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he is sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְכָלְכַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yekholkal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will be sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Participle + +.. raw:: html + + + +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְכָלְכַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mekholkal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being sustained / he who is being sustained + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Example +------- + +- 1KI 20:27 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָתְפָּקְדוּ֙ וְכָלְכְּל֔וּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + uvene yisra'el hothpoqdu **wekholkelu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-sons-of Israel they-were-mustered **and-they-were-provisioned** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The people of Israel were mustered **and supplied** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_polpal/01.md b/content/stem_polpal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 29cb16e..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polpal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Polpal is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Pual. It expresses the passive voice of the Pilpel stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polpal/02.md b/content/stem_polpal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9d5273b..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polpal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Polpal stem is a variation of the [Pual stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pual/02.md) and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the [Pilpel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pilpel/02.md). The Polpal stem is formed from the Pual by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating the 1st and 3rd radicals (with a vowel change), thus making a verb that appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Polpal stem. - -## Form - -**From the root כּוּל, meaning "to sustain" in the Pilpel stem** - - - - - - - - - - -
ConjugationParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Suffix Conjugationmasculine singular third personכָּלְכַּלkalkalhe is sustained
Prefix Conjugationmasculine singular third personיְכָלְכַּלyekholkalhe will be sustained
Participlemasculine singular absoluteמְכָלְכַּלmekholkalbeing sustained / he who is being sustained
- -## Example - -* 1KI 20:27 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָתְפָּקְדוּ֙ וְכָלְכְּל֔וּ
uvene yisra'el hothpoqdu **wekholkelu**
and-sons-of Israel they-were-mustered **and-they-were-provisioned**
The people of Israel were mustered **and supplied**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_polpal/title.md b/content/stem_polpal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2f78e0b..0000000 --- a/content/stem_polpal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Polpal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pual.rst b/content/stem_pual.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..848b14b --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_pual.rst @@ -0,0 +1,3193 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_pual.rst + +.. _stem_pual: + +Stem Pual +========= + +Summary +------- + +The Pual stem is the passive form of the Piel, and it generally +expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Piel stem. + +Article +------- + +The Pual +:ref:`stem` +is the passive form of the :ref:`stem_piel` +formation in Biblical Hebrew. The Pual stem is usually indicated by a +daghesh in the middle consonsant of the +:ref:`verb` +and a qibbuts vowel under the first consonant. Generally speaking, the +Pual stem expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the +Piel stem. Scholars sometimes disagree whether certain verb forms should +be classified as belonging to the Pual stem or the :ref:`stem_qal_passive`. +In English, passive action is expressed using the helping verb "to be." +In Biblical Hebrew, the passive nature of the verbal action is expressed +by the Pual form of the verb itself without any helping verbs. + +NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for +the specific meaning of the Pual stem for any specific verb, because the +Pual stem has potential to express many different kinds of action for +various verbs in different contexts. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +**Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequtteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'aquttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +nequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequtteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֲקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'aquttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Infinitive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct + +.. raw:: html + + + +Not found + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטֹּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttol + +.. raw:: html + + + +be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative** Not found + +**Jussive** Not found + +**Cohortative** Not found + +**Participle (passive voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטֶּלֶת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequtteleth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטְּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequttelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +מְקֻטְּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +mequtteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +~~~~~~~~ + +The Pual stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: + +Expresses the passive voice of the Piel stem +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Pual stems in Biblical +Hebrew, the Pual stem expresses the same kind of action as the Piel stem +(simple, intensive, resultative, causative, etc.) but in passive voice. +A good example is the verb בָּקַע. In the :ref:`stem_qal`, +the verb בָּקַע means "to cut open" or "to break open" (simple action, +active voice). But in the Piel stem, the verb בָּקַע means "to *rip* +open" (intensive action, active voice). Thus, in the Pual stem, the verb +בָּקַע means "to be ripped open" (intensive action, passive voice). + +- JOS 9:4 –– Pual stem of בָּקַע, meaning "to be ripped open"; in Piel + stem, means "to rip open" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקְח֞וּ ... וְנֹאד֥וֹת יַ֙יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים **וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים** + וּמְצֹרָרִֽים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyiqhu ... wenodoth yayin balim **umevuqqa'im** umetsorarim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-they-took ... and-skins-of wine worn-out **and-ripped-open** + and-repaired + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They also took old wine skins that were worn, **torn**, and had been + repaired. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZK 38:12 –– Pual stem of אָסַף, meaning "to be gathered"; in Piel + stem, means "to gather" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֶל־עַם֙ **מְאֻסָּ֣ף** מִגּוֹיִ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'el-'am **me'ussaf** miggoyim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-to\_people **being-gathered** from-nations + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and against the people **gathered** from the nations + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses simple action in passive voice +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Some verbs use the Pual stem to express simple action in passive voice +(rather than the :ref:`stem_niphal`). +This can be true even if the verb also appears in the Piel stem in +Biblical Hebrew; in such cases, the Pual form does NOT function as a +passive of the Piel stem. A good example is the verb יָלַד. In the Qal +stem, the verb יָלַד expresses the simple action "to give birth". In the +Piel stem, the verb יָלַד expresses the causative action "to cause to +give birth" (meaning, *to serve as a midwife*). But in the Pual stem, +the verb יָלַד expresses the simple passive "to be born" (that is, the +passive of the *Qal* stem rather the *Piel* stem). + +- GEN 4:26 –– the Pual stem of יָלַד ("to give birth") means "to be + born" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּלְשֵׁ֤ת גַּם־הוּא֙ **יֻלַּד**\ ־בֵּ֔ן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ulesheth gam-hu' **yullad**-ben + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-to-Seth even\_him **was-born**\ \_son + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + A son **was born** to Seth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Expresses various kinds of passive or stative action +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Sometimes the Pual form is used with specific verbs or in specific +contexts to express a specialized meaning for the verbal action. A +dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning in these rare +instances of the Pual stem. + +- EXO 3:2 –– in the Pual stem, the verb אָכַל ("to eat") means "to be + consumed" by fire ֹor sword + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wehinneh hasseneh bo'er ba'esh wehasseneh 'enennu **'ukkal** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-behold the-bush was-burning in-the-fire and-the-bush was-not + **being-consumed** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and behold, the bush was burning, but the bush was not **burned up** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 15:9 –– the Pual form of the verb שָׁלַשׁ means "to be three (years + old)" or "to have three parts" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + קְחָ֥ה לִי֙ עֶגְלָ֣ה **מְשֻׁלֶּ֔שֶׁת** וְעֵ֥ז **מְשֻׁלֶּ֖שֶׁת** + וְאַ֣יִל מְשֻׁלָּ֑שׁ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + qehah liy 'eglah **meshullesheth** we'ez **meshullesheth** we'ayil + **meshullash** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Take to-me heifer **being-three** and-female-goat **being-three** + and-ram **being-three** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Bring me a heifer **three years old**, a female goat **three years + old**, a ram **three years old** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 88:18 (PSA 88:19 in Hebrew) –– the Pual + :ref:`participle_passive` + of יָדַע ("to know") means an *acquaintance* (that is, "one who is + known") + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מְֽיֻדָּעַ֥י מַחְשָֽׁךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **meyudda'ay** mahshakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **one-who-is-known-to-me** darkness + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + My only **acquaintance** is the darkness + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_pual/01.md b/content/stem_pual/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3d1f770..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pual/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -## Summary - -The Pual stem is the passive form of the Piel, and it generally expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Piel stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pual/02.md b/content/stem_pual/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 50308ee..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pual/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,264 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Pual [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) is the passive form of the [Piel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_piel/02.md) formation in Biblical Hebrew. The Pual stem is usually indicated by a daghesh in the middle consonsant of the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) and a qibbuts vowel under the first consonant. Generally speaking, the Pual stem expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Piel stem. Scholars sometimes disagree whether certain verb forms should be classified as belonging to the Pual stem or the [Qal Passive stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal_passive/02.md). In English, passive action is expressed using the helping verb "to be." In Biblical Hebrew, the passive nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Pual form of the verb itself without any helping verbs. - -NOTE: It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the specific meaning of the Pual stem for any specific verb, because the Pual stem has potential to express many different kinds of action for various verbs in different contexts. - -## Form - - -### Paradigm - -**Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personקֻטַּלquttalhe was slaughtered
feminine singular third personקֻטְּלָהquttelahshe was slaughtered
masculine singular second personקֻטַּלְתָּquttaltayou were slaughtered
feminine singular second personקֻטַּלְתְּquttaltyou were slaughtered
common singular first personקֻטַּלְתִּיquttaltiI was slaughtered
common plural third personקֻטְּלוּqutteluthey were slaughtered
masculine plural second personקֻטַּלְתֶּםquttaltemyou were slaughtered
feminine plural second personקֻטַּלְתֶּןquttaltenyou were slaughtered
common plural first personקֻטַּלְנוּquttalnuwe were slaughtered
- -**Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְקֻטַּלyequttalhe will be slaughtered
feminine singular third personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalshe will be slaughtered
masculine singular second personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalyou will be slaughtered
feminine singular second personתְּקֻטְּלִיtequtteliyou will be slaughtered
common singular first personאֲקֻטַּל'aquttalI will be slaughtered
masculine plural third personיְקֻטְּלוּyequtteluthey will be slaughtered
feminine plural third personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahthey will be slaughtered
masculine plural second personתְּקֻטְּלוּtequtteluyou will be slaughtered
feminine plural second personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahyou will be slaughtered
common plural first personנְקֻטַּלnequttalwe will be slaughtered
- -**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקֻטַּלwequttal(and) he will be slaughtered
feminine singular third personוְקֻטְּלָהwequttelah(and) she will be slaughtered
masculine singular second personוְקֻטַּלְתָּwequttalta(and) you will be slaughtered
feminine singular second personוְקֻטַּלְתְּwequttalt(and) you will be slaughtered
common singular first personוְקֻטַּלְתִּיwequttalti(and) I will be slaughtered
common plural third personוְקֻטְּלוּwequttelu(and) they will be slaughtered
masculine plural second personוְקֻטַּלְתֶּםwequttaltem(and) you will be slaughtered
feminine plural second personוְקֻטַּלְתֶּןwequttalten(and) you will be slaughtered
common plural first personוְקֻטַּלְנוּwequttalnu(and) we will be slaughtered
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיְּקֻטַּלwayyequttal(and) he was slaughtered
feminine singular third personוַתְּקֻטַּלwattequttal(and) she was slaughtered
masculine singular second personוַתְּקֻטַּלwattequttal(and) you were slaughtered
feminine singular second personוַתְּקֻטְּלִיwattequtteli(and) you were slaughtered
common singular first personוָאֲקֻטַּלwa'aquttal(and) I was slaughtered
masculine plural third personוַיְּקֻטְּלוּwayyequttelu(and) they were slaughtered
feminine plural third personוַתְּקֻטַּלְנָהwattequttalnah(and) they were slaughtered
masculine plural second personוַתְּקֻטְּלוּwattequttelu(and) you were slaughtered
feminine plural second personוַתְּקֻטַּלְנָהwattequttalnah(and) you were slaughtered
common plural first personוַנְּקֻטַּלwannequttal(and) we were slaughtered
- -**Infinitive** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Infinitive ConstructNot found
Infinitive Absoluteקֻטֹּלquttolbe slaughtered
- -**Imperative** -Not found - -**Jussive** -Not found - -**Cohortative** -Not found - -**Participle (passive voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularמְקֻטַּלmequttalbeing slaughtered
feminine singularמְקֻטֶּלֶתmequttelethbeing slaughtered
masculine pluralמְקֻטְּלִיםmequttelimbeing slaughtered
feminine pluralמְקֻטְּלוֹתmequttelothbeing slaughtered
- -### Function - -The Pual stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action: - -#### Expresses the passive voice of the Piel stem -For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Pual stems in Biblical Hebrew, the Pual stem expresses the same kind of action as the Piel stem (simple, intensive, resultative, causative, etc.) but in passive voice. A good example is the verb בָּקַע. In the [Qal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal/02.md), the verb בָּקַע means "to cut open" or "to break open" (simple action, active voice). But in the Piel stem, the verb בָּקַע means "to *rip* open" (intensive action, active voice). Thus, in the Pual stem, the verb בָּקַע means "to be ripped open" (intensive action, passive voice). - -* JOS 9:4 –– Pual stem of בָּקַע, meaning "to be ripped open"; in Piel stem, means "to rip open" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקְח֞וּ ... וְנֹאד֥וֹת יַ֙יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים **וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים** וּמְצֹרָרִֽים
wayyiqhu ... wenodoth yayin balim **umevuqqa'im** umetsorarim
and-they-took ... and-skins-of wine worn-out **and-ripped-open** and-repaired
They also took old wine skins that were worn, **torn**, and had been repaired.
- -* EZK 38:12 –– Pual stem of אָסַף, meaning "to be gathered"; in Piel stem, means "to gather" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֶל־עַם֙ **מְאֻסָּ֣ף** מִגּוֹיִ֔ם
we'el-'am **me'ussaf** miggoyim
and-to_people **being-gathered** from-nations
and against the people **gathered** from the nations
- -#### Expresses simple action in passive voice -Some verbs use the Pual stem to express simple action in passive voice (rather than the [Niphal stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_niphal/02.md)). This can be true even if the verb also appears in the Piel stem in Biblical Hebrew; in such cases, the Pual form does NOT function as a passive of the Piel stem. A good example is the verb יָלַד. In the Qal stem, the verb יָלַד expresses the simple action "to give birth". In the Piel stem, the verb יָלַד expresses the causative action "to cause to give birth" (meaning, *to serve as a midwife*). But in the Pual stem, the verb יָלַד expresses the simple passive "to be born" (that is, the passive of the *Qal* stem rather the *Piel* stem). - -* GEN 4:26 –– the Pual stem of יָלַד ("to give birth") means "to be born" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּלְשֵׁ֤ת גַּם־הוּא֙ **יֻלַּד**־בֵּ֔ן
ulesheth gam-hu' **yullad**-ben
and-to-Seth even_him **was-born**_son
A son **was born** to Seth
- - -#### Expresses various kinds of passive or stative action -Sometimes the Pual form is used with specific verbs or in specific contexts to express a specialized meaning for the verbal action. A dictionary or lexicon will indicate the correct meaning in these rare instances of the Pual stem. - -* EXO 3:2 –– in the Pual stem, the verb אָכַל ("to eat") means "to be consumed" by fire ֹor sword - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל
wehinneh hasseneh bo'er ba'esh wehasseneh 'enennu **'ukkal**
and-behold the-bush was-burning in-the-fire and-the-bush was-not **being-consumed**
and behold, the bush was burning, but the bush was not **burned up**
- -* GEN 15:9 –– the Pual form of the verb שָׁלַשׁ means "to be three (years old)" or "to have three parts" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
קְחָ֥ה לִי֙ עֶגְלָ֣ה **מְשֻׁלֶּ֔שֶׁת** וְעֵ֥ז **מְשֻׁלֶּ֖שֶׁת** וְאַ֣יִל מְשֻׁלָּ֑שׁ
qehah liy 'eglah **meshullesheth** we'ez **meshullesheth** we'ayil **meshullash**
Take to-me heifer **being-three** and-female-goat **being-three** and-ram **being-three**
Bring me a heifer **three years old**, a female goat **three years old**, a ram **three years old**
- -* PSA 88:18 (PSA 88:19 in Hebrew) –– the Pual [participle](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_passive/02.md) of יָדַע ("to know") means an *acquaintance* (that is, "one who is known") - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מְֽיֻדָּעַ֥י מַחְשָֽׁךְ
**meyudda'ay** mahshakh
**one-who-is-known-to-me** darkness
My only **acquaintance** is the darkness
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pual/title.md b/content/stem_pual/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index f23a238..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pual/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Pual \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pulal.rst b/content/stem_pulal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a17094 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_pulal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_pulal.rst + +.. _stem_pulal: + +Stem Pulal +========== + +Summary +------- + +The Pulal is a rare stem formation that it similar to the Pual. It +expresses the passive voice of the Pilel and/or Palel stems. + +Article +------- + +Form +---- + +The Pulal stem is a variation of the :ref:`stem_pual` +and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`stem_pilel` +and/or the :ref:`stem_palel`. +The Pulal stem is formed from the Pual by repeating the 3rd radical +(with a vowel change), thus making a verb that appears to have 4 +consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. Most +of the Pulal verbs found in the Hebrew Bible are from the root אָמַל +("to be weak"). It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or +lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Pulal stem. + +- JOL 1:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ **אֻמְלַ֥ל** יִצְהָֽר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hovish tirosh **'umlal** yitshar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + it-has-dried-up new-wine, **it-grows-weak** oil + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the new wine has dried up, and the oil **is spoiled**. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_pulal/01.md b/content/stem_pulal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 34d3be4..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pulal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Pulal is a rare stem formation that it similar to the Pual. It expresses the passive voice of the Pilel and/or Palel stems. diff --git a/content/stem_pulal/02.md b/content/stem_pulal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 912deb3..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pulal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -## Form -The Pulal stem is a variation of the [Pual stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pual/02.md) and expresses the passive voice of the verbal action of the [Pilel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pilel/02.md) and/or the [Palel stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_palel/02.md). The Pulal stem is formed from the Pual by repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change), thus making a verb that appears to have 4 consonants. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. Most of the Pulal verbs found in the Hebrew Bible are from the root אָמַל ("to be weak"). It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Pulal stem. - -* JOL 1:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ **אֻמְלַ֥ל** יִצְהָֽר
hovish tirosh **'umlal** yitshar
it-has-dried-up new-wine, **it-grows-weak** oil
the new wine has dried up, and the oil **is spoiled**.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_pulal/title.md b/content/stem_pulal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index d783f9d..0000000 --- a/content/stem_pulal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Pulal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_qal.rst b/content/stem_qal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a76f16f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_qal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,7083 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_qal.rst + +.. _stem_qal: + +Stem Qal +======== + +Summary +------- + +The Qal stem is the stem formation that is the simplest of form in +Biblical Hebrew. The Qal stem is generally used to express either simple +action or stative action. + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, the Qal stem is the simplest of all the verbal +:ref:`stem` +formations in both form and function. All the other stem formations are +derived from the Qal form. It is by far the most common form of a +:ref:`verb`, +and it almost always expresses either simple action in active voice (for +dynamic verbs) or stative action in passive voice (for stative verbs, +which do not have active voice). In English, stative verbs require the +helping verb "to be" for proper translation value (see example). In +Biblical Hebrew, the stative nature of the verb is indicated by the verb +itself without requiring any additional helping verbs. + +Form +---- + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +Depending on the verb form, there are often two or three different ways +of conjugating a verb in the Qal stem. Which way is used depends on +which verb it is. + +**Suffix Conjugation 1** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
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+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּכְבַּדְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tikhbadnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִכְבַּד + +.. raw:: html + + + +nikhbad + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וּקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +uqetaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וּקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +uqetalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֶקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'eqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wanniqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Infinitive** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct 1 + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetol + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Construct 2 + +.. raw:: html + + + +שְׁכַב + +.. raw:: html + + + +shekhav + +.. raw:: html + + + +lie down + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Infinitive Absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטוֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatol + +.. raw:: html + + + +kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative 1** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetol + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Imperative 2** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +כְּבַד + +.. raw:: html + + + +kevad + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּבְדִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +kivdi + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּבְדוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +kivdu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +כְּבַדְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +kevadnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Jussive 1** + +NOTE: The jussive form in the Qal stem is recognizable only for select +verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (to uncover), where the 3rd +radical (ה) has dropped out. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִגֶל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yigel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגֶל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tigel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגֶל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tigel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגֶלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tigeli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִגֶלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yigelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגֶלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tigelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגֶלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tigelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּגֶלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tigelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you uncover + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Jussive 2** + +Here the sample verb is קוּם (to rise up), where the 2nd radical (a +shureq vowel) shortens to a holem vowel. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָקֹם + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqom + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקֹם + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqom + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקֹם + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqom + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקֹמִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqomi + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָקֹמוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqomu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֹמֶינָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +teqomeynah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקֹמוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqomu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֹמֶינָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +teqomeynah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you rise up + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Jussive 3** + +Here the sample verb is שִׂים (to set), where the 2nd radical (a +hireq-yod vowel) shortens to a tsere vowel. + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָשֵׂם + +.. raw:: html + + + +yasem + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּשֵׂם + +.. raw:: html + + + +tasem + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּשֵׂם + +.. raw:: html + + + +tasem + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּשֵׂמִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tasemi + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָשֵׂמוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yasemu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּשֵׂמֶינָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tesemeynah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּשֵׂמוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tasemu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּשֵׂמֶינָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tesemeynah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you set + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Cohortative** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקְטֹלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqtolah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטֹהלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtohlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle 1 (active voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qoten + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killer + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטֶלֶת / קֹטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qotelet / qotelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killer + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטְלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +qotelim + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killers + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֹטְלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +qoteloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killing / killers + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle 2 (active voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +כָּבֵד + +.. raw:: html + + + +kaved + +.. raw:: html + + + +being heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +כָּבֶדֶת / כָּבְדָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +kavedet / kavdah + +.. raw:: html + + + +being heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +כָּבְדִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +kavdim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +כָּבְדוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +kavdoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Participle 3 (active voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטֹן + +.. raw:: html + + + +qaton + +.. raw:: html + + + +being small + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטֶנֶת / קָטְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qateneth / qatnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +being small + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְנִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatnim + +.. raw:: html + + + +being small + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְנוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatnoth + +.. raw:: html + + + +being small + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Passive Participle (passive voice)** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטוּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatul + +.. raw:: html + + + +killer / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטוּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetulah + +.. raw:: html + + + +killer / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטוּלִים + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetulim + +.. raw:: html + + + +killers / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural absolute + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטוּלוֹת + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetuloth + +.. raw:: html + + + +killers / killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +-------- + +- GEN 16:2 –– expressing simple action (dynamic verb) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתֹּ֨אמֶר שָׂרַ֜י אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wattomer** saray 'el-'avram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-she-said** Sarai to\_Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So Sarai **said** to Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 6:11 –– expressing stative action (stative verb) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ חָמָֽס + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wattimmale** ha'arets hamas + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-it-was-full** the-earth violence + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and it was filled** with violence. + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_qal/01.md b/content/stem_qal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 85ffccf..0000000 --- a/content/stem_qal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Qal stem is the stem formation that is the simplest of form in Biblical Hebrew. The Qal stem is generally used to express either simple action or stative action. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_qal/02.md b/content/stem_qal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index f4ca2f1..0000000 --- a/content/stem_qal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,416 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Biblical Hebrew, the Qal stem is the simplest of all the verbal [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) formations in both form and function. All the other stem formations are derived from the Qal form. It is by far the most common form of a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), and it almost always expresses either simple action in active voice (for dynamic verbs) or stative action in passive voice (for stative verbs, which do not have active voice). In English, stative verbs require the helping verb "to be" for proper translation value (see example). In Biblical Hebrew, the stative nature of the verb is indicated by the verb itself without requiring any additional helping verbs. - -## Form - -### Paradigm -Depending on the verb form, there are often two or three different ways of conjugating a verb in the Qal stem. Which way is used depends on which verb it is. - -**Suffix Conjugation 1** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personקָטַלqatalhe killed
feminine singular third personקָטְלָהqatlahshe killed
masculine singular second personקָטַלְתָּqataltayou killed
feminine singular second personקָטַלְתְּqataltyou killed
common singular first personקָטַלְתִּיqataltiI killed
common plural third personקָטְלוּqatluthey killed
masculine plural second personקְטַלְתֶּםqetaltemyou killed
feminine plural second personקְטַלְתֶּןqetaltenyou killed
common plural first personקָטַלְנוּqatalnuwe killed
- -**Suffix Conjugation 2** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personכָּבֵדkavedhe was heavy
feminine singular third personכָּבְדָהkavdahshe was heavy
masculine singular second personכָּבַדְתָּkavadtayou were heavy
feminine singular second personכָּבַדְתְּkavadtyou were heavy
common singular first personכָּבַדְתִּיkavadtiI was heavy
common plural third personכָּבְדוּkavduthey were heavy
masculine plural second personכְּבַדְתֶּםkevadtemyou were heavy
feminine plural second personכְּבַדְתֶּןkevadtenyou heavy
common plural first personכָּבַדְנוּkavadnuwe were heavy
- -**Suffix Conjugation 3** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personקָטֹןqatonhe was small
feminine singular third personקָטְנָהqatnahshe was small
masculine singular second personקָטֹנְתָּqatonettayou were small
feminine singular second personקָטֹנְתְּqatontyou were small
common singular first personקָטֹנְתִּיqatonettiI was small
common plural third personקָטְנוּqatnuthey were small
masculine plural second personקְטָנְתֶּםqetantemyou were small
feminine plural second personקְטָנְתֶּןqetantenyou were small
common plural first personקָטֹנּוּqatonnuwe were small
- -**Prefix Conjugation 1** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִקְטֹלyiqtolhe will kill
feminine singular third personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolshe will kill
masculine singular second personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolyou will kill
feminine singular second personתִּקְטְלִיtiqteliyou will kill
common singular first personאֶקְטֹל'eqtolI will kill
masculine plural third personיִקְטְלוּyiqteluthey will kill
feminine plural third personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahthey will kill
masculine plural second personתִּקְטְלוּtiqteluyou will kill
feminine plural second personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahyou will kill
common plural first personנִקְטֹלniqtolwe will kill
- -**Prefix Conjugation 2** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִכְבַּדyikhbadhe will be heavy
feminine singular third personתִּכְבַּדtikhbadshe will be heavy
masculine singular second personתִּכְבַּדtikhbadyou will be heavy
feminine singular second personתִּכְבְּדִיtikhbediyou will be heavy
common singular first personאֶכְבַּד'ekhbadI will be heavy
masculine plural third personיִכְבְּדוּyikhbeduthey will be heavey
feminine plural third personתִּכְבַּדְנָהtikhbadnahthey will be heavy
masculine plural second personתִּכְבְּדוּtikhbeduyou will be heavy
feminine plural second personתִּכְבַּדְנָהtikhbadnahyou will be heavy
common plural first personנִכְבַּדnikhbadwe will be heavy
- -**Sequential Suffix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקָטַלweqatal(and) he will kill
feminine singular third personוְקָטְלָהweqatlah(and) she will kill
masculine singular second personוְקָטַלְתָּweqatalta(and) you will kill
feminine singular second personוְקָטַלְתְּweqatalt(and) you will kill
common singular first personוְקָטַלְתִּיweqatalti(and) I will kill
common plural third personוְקָטְלוּweqatlu(and) they will kill
masculine plural second personוּקְטַלְתֶּםuqetaltem(and) you will kill
feminine plural second personוּקְטַלְתֶּןuqetalten(and) you will kill
common plural first personוְקָטַלְנוּweqatalnu(and) we will kill
- -**Sequential Prefix Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיִּקְטֹלwayyiqtol(and) he killed
feminine singular third personוַתִּקְטֹלwattiqtol(and) she killed
masculine singular second personוַתִּקְטֹלwattiqtol(and) you killed
feminine singular second personוַתִּקְטְלִיwattiqteli(and) you killed
common singular first personוָאֶקְטֹלwa'eqtol(and) I killed
masculine plural third personוַיִקְטְלוּwayiqtelu(and) they killed
feminine plural third personוַתִּקְטֹלְנָהwattiqtolenah(and) they killed
masculine plural second personוַתִּקְטְלוּwattiqtelu(and) you killed
feminine plural second personוַתִּקְטֹלְנָהwattiqtolenah(and) you killed
common plural first personוַנִּקְטֹלwanniqtol(and) we killed
- -**Infinitive** - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Infinitive Construct 1קְטֹלqetolkill
Infinitive Construct 2שְׁכַבshekhavlie down
Infinitive Absoluteקָטוֹלqatolkill
- -**Imperative 1** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularקְטֹלqetolyou must kill
feminine singularיִקְטְלִיyiqteliyou must kill
masculine pluralיִקְטְלוּyiqteluyou must kill
feminine pluralקְטֹלְנָהqetolenahyou must kill
- -**Imperative 2** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularכְּבַדkevadyou must be heavy
feminine singularכִּבְדִיkivdiyou must be heavy
masculine pluralכִּבְדוּkivduyou must be heavy
feminine pluralכְּבַדְנָהkevadnahyou must be heavy
- -**Jussive 1** - -NOTE: The jussive form in the Qal stem is recognizable only for select verbs. Here the sample verb is גָּלָה (to uncover), where the 3rd radical (ה) has dropped out. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִגֶלyigelmay he uncover
feminine singular third personתִּגֶלtigelmay she uncover
masculine singular second personתִּגֶלtigelmay you uncover
feminine singular second personתִּגֶלִיtigelimay you uncover
masculine plural third personיִגֶלוּyigelumay they uncover
feminine plural third personתִּגֶלְנָהtigelnahmay they uncover
masculine plural second personתִּגֶלוּtigelumay you uncover
feminine plural second personתִּגֶלְנָהtigelnahmay you uncover
- -**Jussive 2** - -Here the sample verb is קוּם (to rise up), where the 2nd radical (a shureq vowel) shortens to a holem vowel. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיָקֹםyaqommay he rise up
feminine singular third personתָּקֹםtaqommay she rise up
masculine singular second personתָּקֹםtaqommay you rise up
feminine singular second personתָּקֹמִיtaqomimay you rise up
masculine plural third personיָקֹמוּyaqomumay they rise up
feminine plural third personתְּקֹמֶינָהteqomeynahmay they rise up
masculine plural second personתָּקֹמוּtaqomumay you rise up
feminine plural second personתְּקֹמֶינָהteqomeynahmay you rise up
- -**Jussive 3** - -Here the sample verb is שִׂים (to set), where the 2nd radical (a hireq-yod vowel) shortens to a tsere vowel. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיָשֵׂםyasemmay he set
feminine singular third personתָּשֵׂםtasemmay she set
masculine singular second personתָּשֵׂםtasemmay you set
feminine singular second personתָּשֵׂמִיtasemimay you set
masculine plural third personיָשֵׂמוּyasemumay they set
feminine plural third personתְּשֵׂמֶינָהtesemeynahmay they set
masculine plural second personתָּשֵׂמוּtasemumay you set
feminine plural second personתְּשֵׂמֶינָהtesemeynahmay you set
- -**Cohortative** - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singularאֶקְטֹלָה'eqtolahlet me kill
common pluralנִקְטֹהלָהniqtohlahlet us kill
- -**Participle 1 (active voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteקֹטֵלqotenkilling / killer
feminine singular absoluteקֹטֶלֶת / קֹטְלָהqotelet / qotelahkilling / killer
masculine plural absoluteקֹטְלִיםqotelimkilling / killers
feminine plural absoluteקֹטְלוֹתqotelothkilling / killers
- -**Participle 2 (active voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteכָּבֵדkavedbeing heavy
feminine singular absoluteכָּבֶדֶת / כָּבְדָהkavedet / kavdahbeing heavy
masculine plural absoluteכָּבְדִיםkavdimbeing heavy
feminine plural absoluteכָּבְדוֹתkavdothbeing heavy
- -**Participle 3 (active voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteקָטֹןqatonbeing small
feminine singular absoluteקָטֶנֶת / קָטְנָהqateneth / qatnahbeing small
masculine plural absoluteקָטְנִיםqatnimbeing small
feminine plural absoluteקָטְנוֹתqatnothbeing small
- -**Passive Participle (passive voice)** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular absoluteקָטוּלqatulkiller / killed
feminine singular absoluteקְטוּלָהqetulahkiller / killed
masculine plural absoluteקְטוּלִיםqetulimkillers / killed
feminine plural absoluteקְטוּלוֹתqetulothkillers / killed
- -## Examples - -* GEN 16:2 –– expressing simple action (dynamic verb) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתֹּ֨אמֶר שָׂרַ֜י אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם
**wattomer** saray 'el-'avram
**And-she-said** Sarai to_Abram
So Sarai **said** to Abram
- -* GEN 6:11 –– expressing stative action (stative verb) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ חָמָֽס
**wattimmale** ha'arets hamas
**and-it-was-full** the-earth violence
**and it was filled** with violence.
diff --git a/content/stem_qal/title.md b/content/stem_qal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1593a48..0000000 --- a/content/stem_qal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Qal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_qal_passive.rst b/content/stem_qal_passive.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cb3df3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_qal_passive.rst @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_qal_passive.rst + +.. _stem_qal_passive: + +Stem Qal Passive +================ + +Summary +------- + +The Qal Passive is a passive form of the Qal stem. It looks similar to +(and is sometimes identified as) the Pual or the Hophal stem. + +Article +------- + +The Qal Passive form is a +:ref:`stem` +formation in Biblical Hebrew that expresses simple action in passive +voice. There is some debate among scholars concerning all the +:ref:`verb` +that are parsed as Qal Passive, because they could also be identified as +either a +:ref:`stem_pual` +or a +:ref:`stem_hophal`. +This distinction is not important for meaning or translation. + +- GEN 6:1 –– alternatively identified as Pual + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּבָנ֖וֹת **יֻלְּד֥וּ** לָהֶֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + uvanoth **yulledu** lahem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-daughters **were-born** to-them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and daughters **were born** to them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 6:28 –– alternatively identified as Pual + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֖יו כֹּרָ֑תָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weha'asherah 'asher-'alayw **korathah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-the-Asherah that\_beside-it **was-cut-down** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and the Asherah that was beside it **was cut down** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_qal_passive/01.md b/content/stem_qal_passive/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5db6d41..0000000 --- a/content/stem_qal_passive/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Qal Passive is a passive form of the Qal stem. It looks similar to (and is sometimes identified as) the Pual or the Hophal stem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_qal_passive/02.md b/content/stem_qal_passive/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f0054e..0000000 --- a/content/stem_qal_passive/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Qal Passive form is a [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) formation in Biblical Hebrew that expresses simple action in passive voice. There is some debate among scholars concerning all the [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) that are parsed as Qal Passive, because they could also be identified as either a [Pual](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_pual/02.md) or a [Hophal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hophal/02.md). This distinction is not important for meaning or translation. - -* GEN 6:1 –– alternatively identified as Pual - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּבָנ֖וֹת **יֻלְּד֥וּ** לָהֶֽם׃
uvanoth **yulledu** lahem
and-daughters **were-born** to-them
and daughters **were born** to them
- -* JDG 6:28 –– alternatively identified as Pual - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֖יו כֹּרָ֑תָה
weha'asherah 'asher-'alayw **korathah**
and-the-Asherah that_beside-it **was-cut-down**
and the Asherah that was beside it **was cut down**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_qal_passive/title.md b/content/stem_qal_passive/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2f6f566..0000000 --- a/content/stem_qal_passive/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Qal Passive \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_tiphil.rst b/content/stem_tiphil.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a05483e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/stem_tiphil.rst @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_tiphil.rst + +.. _stem_tiphil: + +Stem Tiphil +=========== + +Summary +------- + +The Tiphil is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to the +Hiphil and expresses causative action in active voice. + +Article +------- + +The Tiphil +:ref:`stem` +(sometimes called: Tiphal, Tiphel, or Taphel) expresses causative action +in active voice, similar to the more common +:ref:`stem_hiphil` +stem formation. It differs from the Hiphil by using a ת prefix before +the 1st radical instead of a ה prefix. It is an extremely rare verbal +form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a +dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Tiphil +stem. + +- JER 12:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֵ֥יךְ **תְּתַֽחֲרֶ֖ה** אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֑ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'ekh **tethahareh** 'eth-hassusim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-how **can-you-compete** with\_the-horses? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + how **can you compete** against horses? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- HOS 11:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאָנֹכִ֤י **תִרְגַּ֙לְתִּי֙** לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'anokhi **thirgaltiy** le'efrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-I **I-taught-walking** to-Ephraim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yet it was I **who taught** Ephraim **to walk** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/stem_tiphil/01.md b/content/stem_tiphil/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a9360df..0000000 --- a/content/stem_tiphil/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Tiphil is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to the Hiphil and expresses causative action in active voice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_tiphil/02.md b/content/stem_tiphil/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c2f6eee..0000000 --- a/content/stem_tiphil/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Tiphil [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) (sometimes called: Tiphal, Tiphel, or Taphel) expresses causative action in active voice, similar to the more common [Hiphil](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hiphil/02.md) stem formation. It differs from the Hiphil by using a ת prefix before the 1st radical instead of a ה prefix. It is an extremely rare verbal form in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always* consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in the Tiphil stem. - -* JER 12:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֵ֥יךְ **תְּתַֽחֲרֶ֖ה** אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֑ים
we'ekh **tethahareh** 'eth-hassusim
and-how **can-you-compete** with_the-horses?
how **can you compete** against horses?
- -* HOS 11:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאָנֹכִ֤י **תִרְגַּ֙לְתִּי֙** לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם
we'anokhi **thirgaltiy** le'efrayim
And-I **I-taught-walking** to-Ephraim
Yet it was I **who taught** Ephraim **to walk**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/stem_tiphil/title.md b/content/stem_tiphil/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index c674e9d..0000000 --- a/content/stem_tiphil/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Stem Tiphil \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix.rst b/content/suffix.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05a7b1e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/suffix.rst @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/suffix.rst + +.. _suffix: + +Suffix +====== + +Summary +------- + +A suffix consists of one or a few letters at the end of a noun, a verb, +and adjective, or a preposition. + +Article +------- + +The most common type of suffix is the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. +Beyond that, Hebrew also has the :ref:`suffix_directional_he`, +the :ref:`suffix_paragogic_he`, +and the :ref:`suffix_paragogic_nun`. diff --git a/content/suffix/01.md b/content/suffix/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 910a948..0000000 --- a/content/suffix/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A suffix consists of one or a few letters at the end of a noun, a verb, and adjective, or a preposition. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix/02.md b/content/suffix/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c5d233b..0000000 --- a/content/suffix/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The most common type of suffix is the [Pronominal Suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md). Beyond that, Hebrew also has the [Directional He](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_directional_he/02.md), the [Paragogic He](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_paragogic_he/02.md), and the [Paragogic Nun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/02.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix/title.md b/content/suffix/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 35c3875..0000000 --- a/content/suffix/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Suffix \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_directional_he.rst b/content/suffix_directional_he.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eecf7d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/suffix_directional_he.rst @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/suffix_directional_he.rst + +.. _suffix_directional_he: + +Suffix Directional He +===================== + +Summary +------- + +The Directional He at the end of a noun indicates direction (to or +toward). + +Article +------- + +Form +---- + +The Directional He is a ה, preceded by a Qamets, that is sometimes found +at the end of a +:ref:`noun`, +and is sometimes called a "locative-ה". It describes direction; to or +toward. + +In space +-------- + +- GEN 15:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַבֶּט־נָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + habbet-na **hashamaymah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Look\_now **to-the-heavens** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Look **toward heaven** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +In time +------- + +- EXO 13:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִיָּמִ֖ים **יָמִֽימָה**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + miyyamim **yamimah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + from-day **to-day** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + from day **to day** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/suffix_directional_he/01.md b/content/suffix_directional_he/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a492475..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_directional_he/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Directional He at the end of a noun indicates direction (to or toward). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_directional_he/02.md b/content/suffix_directional_he/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 63c3173..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_directional_he/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -## Form -The Directional He is a ה, preceded by a Qamets, that is sometimes found at the end of a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), and is sometimes called a "locative-ה". It describes direction; to or toward. - -## In space - -* GEN 15:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַבֶּט־נָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה
habbet-na **hashamaymah**
Look_now **to-the-heavens**
Look **toward heaven**
- -## In time - -* EXO 13:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִיָּמִ֖ים **יָמִֽימָה**׃
miyyamim **yamimah**
from-day **to-day**
from day **to day**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_directional_he/title.md b/content/suffix_directional_he/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8920908..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_directional_he/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Suffix Directional He \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_he.rst b/content/suffix_paragogic_he.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a73f6f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/suffix_paragogic_he.rst @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/suffix_paragogic_he.rst + +.. _suffix_paragogic_he: + +Suffix Paragogic He +=================== + +Summary +------- + +The Paragogic He is a Qamets and a ה at the end of an Imperative. No +additional meaning is given. + +Article +------- + +Form +---- + +A Paragogic He is a ה at the end of an +:ref:`verb_imperative` +and a Qamets under the preceding letter. This is perhaps added for extra +emphasis, but does not give any extra meaning or a different +translation. + +- GEN 39:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שִׁכְבָ֥ה עִמִּֽי׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shikhvah** 'immi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Lie** with-me. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Sleep** with me. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 17:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שִׁמְעָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה׀ צֶ֗דֶק + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shim'ah** yehwah tsedeq + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Hear** Yahweh righteous + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Listen** to my plea for justice, Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_he/01.md b/content/suffix_paragogic_he/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f0d0fc..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_paragogic_he/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Paragogic He is a Qamets and a ה at the end of an Imperative. No additional meaning is given. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_he/02.md b/content/suffix_paragogic_he/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 82f45f8..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_paragogic_he/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -## Form -A Paragogic He is a ה at the end of an [Imperative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md) and a Qamets under the preceding letter. This is perhaps added for extra emphasis, but does not give any extra meaning or a different translation. - -* GEN 39:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שִׁכְבָ֥ה עִמִּֽי׃
**shikhvah** 'immi
**Lie** with-me.
**Sleep** with me.
- -* PSA 17:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שִׁמְעָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה׀ צֶ֗דֶק
**shim'ah** yehwah tsedeq
**Hear** Yahweh righteous
**Listen** to my plea for justice, Yahweh
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_he/title.md b/content/suffix_paragogic_he/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0cb3de3..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_paragogic_he/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Suffix Paragogic He \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_nun.rst b/content/suffix_paragogic_nun.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49d7b35 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/suffix_paragogic_nun.rst @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/suffix_paragogic_nun.rst + +.. _suffix_paragogic_nun: + +Suffix Paragogic Nun +==================== + +Summary +------- + +The Paragogic Nun is a נ (which looks like this at the end of a word: ן) +at the end of an Imperfect verb. It adds no extra meaning. + +Article +------- + +Form +---- + +The Paragogic Nun is a נ that is sometimes found at the end of a plural +:ref:`verb_imperfect` +(and therefore looks like this: ן). It seems to give the verb some extra +emphasis, but it does not change the meaning or the translation. + +- EXO 15:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שָֽׁמְע֥וּ עַמִּ֖ים יִרְגָּז֑וּן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + shame'u 'ammim **yirgazun** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They-will-hear peoples **they-will-tremble** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The peoples will hear, and **they will tremble** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DEU 1:17 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + kaqqaton kaggadol **tishma'un** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + like-the-small like-the-great **you-will-hear** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **you will hear** the small and the great alike + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 104:28 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + תִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם יִלְקֹט֑וּן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + titten lahem **yilqotun** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You-give to-them **they-gather** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + When you give to them, **they gather** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/01.md b/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7a7b5f3..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The Paragogic Nun is a נ (which looks like this at the end of a word: ן) at the end of an Imperfect verb. It adds no extra meaning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/02.md b/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6ee1450..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -## Form -The Paragogic Nun is a נ that is sometimes found at the end of a plural [Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md) (and therefore looks like this: ן). It seems to give the verb some extra emphasis, but it does not change the meaning or the translation. - -* EXO 15:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שָֽׁמְע֥וּ עַמִּ֖ים יִרְגָּז֑וּן
shame'u 'ammim **yirgazun**
They-will-hear peoples **they-will-tremble**
The peoples will hear, and **they will tremble**
- -* DEU 1:17 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן
kaqqaton kaggadol **tishma'un**
like-the-small like-the-great **you-will-hear**
**you will hear** the small and the great alike
- -* PSA 104:28 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
תִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם יִלְקֹט֑וּן
titten lahem **yilqotun**
You-give to-them **they-gather**
When you give to them, **they gather**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/title.md b/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8cdaa85..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_paragogic_nun/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Suffix Paragogic Nun \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_pronominal.rst b/content/suffix_pronominal.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31dea0d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/suffix_pronominal.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4195 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/suffix_pronominal.rst + +.. _suffix_pronominal: + +Suffix Pronominal +================= + +Summary +------- + +Pronominal Suffixes are suffixes that refer to a person or an object at +the end of a noun, a particle, a verb, or a direct object marker. This +suffix can have the meaning of a genitive (such as possession), a direct +object, or an indirect object. + +Article +------- + +Form +---- + +Pronominal +:ref:`suffix` +refer to a person or an object and can therefore be +:ref:`gender_masculine` +or +:ref:`number_singular` +or +:ref:`number_plural`, +and be in +:ref:`person_second`, +or +:ref:`person_third` +person, depending on who or what they are referring to. + +The suffixes look similar to the corresponding :ref:`pronoun_personal`, +and in many languages will have to be translated with a separate word. +The person or object to which the suffix refers can indicate possession +(as with nouns), or be a direct or indirect object (as with prepositions +and verbs), depending on the context. + +.. _suffix_pronominal-nouns: + +:ref:`noun` +----------- + +Nouns must be in the +:ref:`state_construct` +form before a pronominal suffix can be added, and having a pronominal +suffix automatically makes the noun +:ref:`state_determined-pronominal-suffix`. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +With a singular noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +susi + +.. raw:: html + + + +my horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסְךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +suskha + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +susekh + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסוֹ / סוּסֹה / סוּסֵהוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +suso / susoh / susehu + +.. raw:: html + + + +his horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסהָ / סוּסָהּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +susha / susah + +.. raw:: html + + + +her horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +susenu + +.. raw:: html + + + +our horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסְכֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +susekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסְכֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +susekhen + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסְהֶם / סוּסָם + +.. raw:: html + + + +susehem / susam + +.. raw:: html + + + +their horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסְהֶן / סוּסָן + +.. raw:: html + + + +susehen / susan + +.. raw:: html + + + +their horse + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +With a plural noun + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסַי + +.. raw:: html + + + +susay + +.. raw:: html + + + +my horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֶיךָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +susekha + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסַיִךְ + +.. raw:: html + + + +susayikh + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסָיו + +.. raw:: html + + + +susayw + +.. raw:: html + + + +his horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֶיהָ + +.. raw:: html + + + +suseyha + +.. raw:: html + + + +her horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵינוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +susenu + +.. raw:: html + + + +our horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵיכֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +susekhem + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵיכֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +susekhen + +.. raw:: html + + + +your horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵיהֶם + +.. raw:: html + + + +susehem + +.. raw:: html + + + +their horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +סוּסֵיהֶן + +.. raw:: html + + + +susehen + +.. raw:: html + + + +their horses + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Examples +~~~~~~~~ + +- 2SA 17:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He went **home** to **his own city** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **My son** Absalom, **my son**, **my son**! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZR 9:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְ֠עַתָּה **בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם** אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ **לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם + וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙** אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'attah **benowthekhem** 'al-tittenu **livnehem uvenothehem** + 'al-tis'u **livnekhem** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-now **your-daughters** not\_give **to-their-sons + and-their-daughters** not\_take **for-your-sons** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take + **their daughters for your sons** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _suffix_prepositions: + +Prepositions +------------ + +Form +~~~~ + +The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a preposition can differ +slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the +:ref:`noun_common-paradigm` +above. + +ב +^ + +In, into + +- 1SA 25:28 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א **בְךָ֖** מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wera'ah lo-thimmatse **vekha** miyyameykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-evil not\_will-be-found **in-you** from-your-days + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and evil will not be found **in you** so long as you live. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 39:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hatha'amin **bow** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Do-you-believe **in-him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Will you depend **on him**? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +כ +^ + +Like, just as + +- 2KI 17:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth **kahem** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing + **like-them** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 46:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'efes **kamowni** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and no-one **like-me** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and there is no one **like me**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +ל and אֶל +^^^^^^^^^ + +To, toward + +Possession +'''''''''' + +- EXO 19:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for all the earth is **mine**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Indirect Object +''''''''''''''' + +- EXO 9:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'amarta **'elayw** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-say **to-him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and say **to him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 11:36 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattomer **'elayw** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-she-said **to-him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + She said **to him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +עַל +^^^ + +On, upon, over + +- DEU 17:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אָשִׂ֤ימָה **עָלַי֙** מֶ֔לֶךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'asimah **'alay** melekh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I-will-set **over-me** king + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I will set a king **over myself** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 62:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יָשִׂ֥ישׂ **עָלַ֖יִךְ** אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yasis **'alayikh** 'elohayikh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + he-will-rejoice **over-you** your-God. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + your God will rejoice **over you**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אַחַר +^^^^^ + +After, behind + +- 2CH 8:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹותְר֤וּ **אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙** בָּאָ֔רֶץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'asher nowthru **'aharehem** ba'arets + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + who were-left **after-them** in-the-land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + who were left **after them** in the land + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JER 9:16 (JER 9:15 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י **אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙** אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weshillahti **'aharehem** 'eth-haherev + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-I-will-send-out **after-them** [dir.obj]\_the-sword + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I will send out a sword **after them** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +תַּחַת +^^^^^^ + +Beneath, under, in place of + +- DEU 28:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־\ **תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ** בַּרְזֶֽל׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weha'arets 'asher-**tahteykha** barzel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-the-earth which\_\ **under-you** will-be-iron. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and the earth that is **under you** will be iron. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 47:3 (PSA 47:4 in Hebrew) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יַדְבֵּ֣ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + yadber 'ammim **tahtenu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He-will-drive-back peoples **beneath-us** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + He subdues peoples **under us** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +עַד +^^^ + +Unto, until, as far as + +- NUM 23:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַאֲזִ֥ינָה **עָדַ֖י** בְּנֹ֥ו צִפֹּֽר׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ha'azinah **'aday** benow tsippor + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Listen **unto-me** son-of Zippor. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Listen **to me**, you son of Zippor. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- AMO 4:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + welo-shavtem **'aday** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-not you-have-returned **unto-me** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yet you have not returned **to me** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +מִן +^^^ + +From + +- GEN 22:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ **מִמֶּֽנִּי**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + welo hasakhta 'eth-binkha 'eth-yehidekha **mimmenni** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-not you-witheld [dir.obj]\_your-son [dir.obj]\_your-only + **from-me**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you have not withheld your son, your only son, **from me**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1CH 29:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּֽי־\ **מִמְּךָ֣** הַכֹּ֔ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki-\ **mimmekha** hakkol + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for\_\ **from-you** the-all + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + all things come **from you** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +עִם +^^^ + +With + +- PSA 50:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמֹּ֑ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wattirets **'immow** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-you-are-pleased **with-him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you agree **with him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ZEC 14:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים **עִמָּֽךְ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + kol-qedoshim **'immakh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + all\_holy-ones **with-him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + all the holy ones will be **with him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +אֵת +^^^ + +With + +- PSA 12:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + sefathenu **'ittanu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + our-lips **with-us**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + our lips speak and they **make us prevail**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PRO 1:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לְכָ֪ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lekhah **'ittanu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + walk **with-us** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + come **with us** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +:ref:`verb` +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Form +~~~~ + +The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a verb can differ +slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the +:ref:`noun_common-paradigm` +above. + +Directly to the verb +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The pronominal suffix can be attached to any verb conjugation, except +for the :ref:`infinitive_absolute`. + +- GEN 37:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-sent-him** from-Valley-of Hebron and-he-came-in Shechem. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to + Shechem. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2CH 15:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאִֽם־\ **תִּדְרְשֻׁ֨הוּ֙** יִמָּצֵ֣א לָכֶ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'im-\ **tidreshuhu** yimmatse lakhem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-if\_\ **you-seek-him** he-will-be-found by-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If **you seek him**, he will be found by you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- HOS 8:7 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + זָרִ֖ים **יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + zarim **yivla'uhu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + strangers **will-swallow-him** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + foreigners **will devour it** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +With a :ref:`particle_direct_object_marker` (אֵת) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 1SA 17:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**\ ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wa'avadtem **'othanu** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + then you will serve **us**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JDG 10:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Yet you abandoned **me** + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/suffix_pronominal/01.md b/content/suffix_pronominal/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 09d9cb7..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_pronominal/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -Pronominal Suffixes are suffixes that refer to a person or an object at the end of a noun, a particle, a verb, or a direct object marker. This suffix can have the meaning of a genitive (such as possession), a direct object, or an indirect object. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md b/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index b112c1c..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,611 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -## Form -Pronominal [Suffixes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/suffix/02.md) refer to a person or an object and can therefore be [Masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or [Feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md), [Singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) or [Plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md), and be in [1st](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_fist/02.md), [2nd](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md), or [3rd](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_third/02.md) person, depending on who or what they are referring to. - -The suffixes look similar to the corresponding [Personal Pronouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md), and in many languages will have to be translated with a separate word. The person or object to which the suffix refers can indicate possession (as with nouns), or be a direct or indirect object (as with prepositions and verbs), depending on the context. - -## [Nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md) -Nouns must be in the [Construct](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md) form before a pronominal suffix can be added, and having a pronominal suffix automatically makes the noun [definite](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/state_determined/02.md#pronominal-suffix). - -### Paradigm - -With a singular noun - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singular first personסוּסִיsusimy horse
masculine singular second personסוּסְךָsuskhayour horse
feminine singular second personסוּסֵךְsusekhyour horse
masculine singular third personסוּסוֹ / סוּסֹה / סוּסֵהוּsuso / susoh / susehuhis horse
feminine singular third personסוּסהָ / סוּסָהּsusha / susahher horse
common plural first personסוּסֵנוּsusenuour horse
masculine plural second personסוּסְכֶםsusekhemyour horse
feminine plural second personסוּסְכֶןsusekhenyour horse
masculine plural third personסוּסְהֶם / סוּסָםsusehem / susamtheir horse
feminine plural third personסוּסְהֶן / סוּסָןsusehen / susantheir horse
- -With a plural noun - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
common singular first personסוּסַיsusaymy horses
masculine singular second personסוּסֶיךָsusekhayour horses
feminine singular second personסוּסַיִךְsusayikhyour horses
masculine singular third personסוּסָיוsusaywhis horses
feminine singular third personסוּסֶיהָsuseyhaher horses
common plural first personסוּסֵינוּsusenuour horses
masculine plural second personסוּסֵיכֶםsusekhemyour horses
feminine plural second personסוּסֵיכֶןsusekhenyour horses
masculine plural third personסוּסֵיהֶםsusehemtheir horses
feminine plural third personסוּסֵיהֶןsusehentheir horses
- -### Examples - -* 2SA 17:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־**בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
And-he-stood-up and-went to\_**his-house** to\_**his-city**
He went **home** to **his own city**
- -* 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
**beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
**My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**
**My son** Absalom, **my son**, **my son**!
- -* EZR 9:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְ֠עַתָּה **בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם** אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ **לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙** אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם
we'attah **benowthekhem** 'al-tittenu **livnehem uvenothehem** 'al-tis'u **livnekhem**
And-now **your-daughters** not_give **to-their-sons and-their-daughters** not_take **for-your-sons**
So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take **their daughters for your sons**
- -## Prepositions - -### Form - -The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a preposition can differ slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the [paradigm](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md#paradigm) above. - -#### ב -In, into - -* 1SA 25:28 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א **בְךָ֖** מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃
wera'ah lo-thimmatse **vekha** miyyameykha
and-evil not_will-be-found **in-you** from-your-days
and evil will not be found **in you** so long as you live.
- -* JOB 39:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו
hatha'amin **bow**
Do-you-believe **in-him**
Will you depend **on him**?
- -#### כ -Like, just as - -* 2KI 17:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃
'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth **kahem**
whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing **like-them**
those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**.
- -* ISA 46:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**׃
we'efes **kamowni**
and no-one **like-me**
and there is no one **like me**.
- -#### ל and אֶל -To, toward - -##### Possession - -* EXO 19:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּי־**לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
ki-**li** kol-ha'arets
for_**to-me** all_the-earth
for all the earth is **mine**.
- -##### Indirect Object - -* EXO 9:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו
we'amarta **'elayw**
and-say **to-him**
and say **to him**
- -* JDG 11:36 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו
wattomer **'elayw**
And-she-said **to-him**
She said **to him**
- -#### עַל -On, upon, over - -* DEU 17:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אָשִׂ֤ימָה **עָלַי֙** מֶ֔לֶךְ
'asimah **'alay** melekh
I-will-set **over-me** king
I will set a king **over myself**
- -* ISA 62:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יָשִׂ֥ישׂ **עָלַ֖יִךְ** אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃
yasis **'alayikh** 'elohayikh
he-will-rejoice **over-you** your-God.
your God will rejoice **over you**.
- -#### אַחַר -After, behind - -* 2CH 8:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹותְר֤וּ **אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙** בָּאָ֔רֶץ
'asher nowthru **'aharehem** ba'arets
who were-left **after-them** in-the-land
who were left **after them** in the land
- -* JER 9:16 (JER 9:15 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י **אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙** אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב
weshillahti **'aharehem** 'eth-haherev
and-I-will-send-out **after-them** [dir.obj]_the-sword
I will send out a sword **after them**
- -#### תַּחַת -Beneath, under, in place of - -* DEU 28:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־**תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ** בַּרְזֶֽל׃
weha'arets 'asher-**tahteykha** barzel
and-the-earth which_**under-you** will-be-iron.
and the earth that is **under you** will be iron.
- -* PSA 47:3 (PSA 47:4 in Hebrew) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יַדְבֵּ֣ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ
yadber 'ammim **tahtenu**
He-will-drive-back peoples **beneath-us**
He subdues peoples **under us**
- -#### עַד -Unto, until, as far as - -* NUM 23:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַאֲזִ֥ינָה **עָדַ֖י** בְּנֹ֥ו צִפֹּֽר׃
ha'azinah **'aday** benow tsippor
Listen **unto-me** son-of Zippor.
Listen **to me**, you son of Zippor.
- -* AMO 4:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י
welo-shavtem **'aday**
And-not you-have-returned **unto-me**
Yet you have not returned **to me**
- -#### מִן -From - -* GEN 22:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ **מִמֶּֽנִּי**׃
welo hasakhta 'eth-binkha 'eth-yehidekha **mimmenni**
and-not you-witheld [dir.obj]_your-son [dir.obj]_your-only **from-me**.
you have not withheld your son, your only son, **from me**.
- -* 1CH 29:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּֽי־**מִמְּךָ֣** הַכֹּ֔ל
ki-**mimmekha** hakkol
for_**from-you** the-all
all things come **from you**
- -#### עִם -With - -* PSA 50:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמֹּ֑ו
wattirets **'immow**
and-you-are-pleased **with-him**
you agree **with him**
- -* ZEC 14:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים **עִמָּֽךְ**׃
kol-qedoshim **'immakh**
all_holy-ones **with-him**
all the holy ones will be **with him**
- -#### אֵת -With - -* PSA 12:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ
sefathenu **'ittanu**
our-lips **with-us**.
our lips speak and they **make us prevail**.
- -* PRO 1:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לְכָ֪ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ
lekhah **'ittanu**
walk **with-us**
come **with us**
- -## [Verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) - -### Form - -The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a verb can differ slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the [paradigm](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/noun_common/02.md#paradigm) above. - -#### Directly to the verb -The pronominal suffix can be attached to any verb conjugation, except for the [Infinitive Absolute](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md). - -* GEN 37:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃
**wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah
**and-he-sent-him** from-Valley-of Hebron and-he-came-in Shechem.
**So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to Shechem.
- -* 2CH 15:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאִֽם־**תִּדְרְשֻׁ֨הוּ֙** יִמָּצֵ֣א לָכֶ֔ם
we'im-**tidreshuhu** yimmatse lakhem
And-if_**you-seek-him** he-will-be-found by-you
If **you seek him**, he will be found by you
- -* HOS 8:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
זָרִ֖ים **יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ**׃
zarim **yivla'uhu**
strangers **will-swallow-him**
foreigners **will devour it**
- -#### With a [direct object marker](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_direct_object_marker/02.md) (אֵת) - -* 1SA 17:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**׃
wa'avadtem **'othanu**
and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**.
then you will serve **us**.
- -* JDG 10:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י
we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi**
And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me**
Yet you abandoned **me**
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/suffix_pronominal/title.md b/content/suffix_pronominal/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4171b3a..0000000 --- a/content/suffix_pronominal/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Suffix Pronominal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb.rst b/content/verb.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43f3501 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1610 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb.rst + +.. _verb: + +Verb +==== + +Summary +------- + +A verb is the grammatical entity that describes the subject of a +sentence. A verb can describe either an action that the subject performs +or the state (or condition) of the subject. + +Article +------- + +A verb is a word in a sentence that describes either an action by the +subject of a sentence, or the subject itself. Therefore, the verb is +often the most important word in understanding a sentence or a clause. + +Form +~~~~ + +In Biblical Hebrew, the root of a verb consists of three consonants, +sometimes called the tri-literal (meaning "three letters") root. In +"strong" verbs, the three root consonants always stay the same and are +easy to recognize, but "weak" verbs have one or more consonants that +disappear in certain forms. + +Verbs in Biblical Hebrew change form according to both conjugation +(:ref:`verb_perfect`, +:ref:`verb_imperfect`, +:ref:`infinitive_absolute`, +etc.) and stem formation +(:ref:`stem_niphal`, +:ref:`stem_hiphil`, +etc.). Generally speaking, changes in verb forms happen by adding +prefixes/suffixes, by changing the vowels, or both. These changes in +form show the +:ref:`stem` +formation of a verb with its conjugation, which includes the person +(:ref:`person_second`, +or +:ref:`person_third`), +the gender +(:ref:`gender_masculine` +or +:ref:`gender_feminine`), +the number +(:ref:`number_singular` +or +:ref:`number_plural`), +and sometimes the state +(:ref:`state_absolute` +or +:ref:`state_construct`). +The person, gender, and number of a verb always agree with the subject. + +Unlike English (but similar to other languages like Spanish), verbs in +Biblical Hebrew do not require a separate :ref:`pronoun_personal` +if the subject is not identified; this is because the form of the verb +itself includes the subject. A :ref:`suffix_pronominal` +attached to a verb can function as its object. + +Types of verbs I +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A important way of distinguishing between different types of verbs is to +separate finite verbs from non-finite verbs. + +.. _verb-finite-verbs: + +Finite verbs +^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Finite verbs are verbs that have a subject and do not require any verbal +complement to form a complete sentence. Their form shows tense (:ref:`verb_perfect`, +:ref:`verb_imperfect`, +:ref:`verb_imperative`, +etc.), as well as person and number. Biblical Hebrew has 7 finite verb +forms – Suffix conjugation, prefix conjugation, Sequential suffix +conjugation, Sequential prefix conjugation, Imperative, Jussive, and +Cohortative. + +.. _verb-non-finite-verbs: + +Non-finite verbs +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Properly speaking, non-finite verbs are verbal complements that require +a finite verb to form a complete sentence. Biblical Hebrew has three +non-finite verb forms, namely the :ref:`infinitive_absolute`, +:ref:`infinitive_construct`, +and participles (both +:ref:`participle_active` +and +:ref:`participle_passive`). +Non-finite verbs can sometimes describe an action or an event in such a +way that the word functions like a +:ref:`noun`. + +NOTE: In Biblical Hebrew, the non-finite verb forms are sometimes used +as finite verbs. + +Types of verbs II +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Grammarians often distinguish between different types of verbs. When +considering the best way to translate a sentence, it is helpful to +understand whether a verb is describing an action or a state of being. + +Dynamic (or Action) verbs +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Dynamic verbs describe a subject performing an action. The subject is +*doing* something. + +- 2KI 1:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּשׁ֥וּבוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֵלָ֑יו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyashuvu** hammal'akhim 'elayw + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-they-returned** the-messangers to-him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + When the messengers **returned** to him + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JON 1:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַֽיהוָ֗ה **הֵטִ֤יל** רֽוּחַ־גְּדֹולָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayhwah **hetil** ruah-gedowlah 'el-hayyam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-Yahweh **cast** wind-great on-the-sea + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + But Yahweh **sent** out a great wind on the sea + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _verb-stative-non-action-verbs: + +Stative (or Non-action) verbs +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Rather than describing a specific action, stative verbs describe the +subject's state of being (the way the subject is). The subject is *not* +doing anything. + +- GEN 48:10 –– stative verb "to be heavy" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְעֵינֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ **כָּבְד֣וּ** מִזֹּ֔קֶן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'ene yisra'el **kovdu** mizzoqen + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-the-eyes-of Israel **were-heavy** from-age + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Now Israel's eyes **were failing** because of his age + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- NUM 13:33 –– stative verb "to be" + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַנְּהִ֤י בְעֵינֵ֨ינוּ֙ כַּֽחֲגָבִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wannehi** ve'enenu kahagavim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-we-were** in-our-eyes like-grashoppers + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In our own sight **we were** like grasshoppers + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Transitive verbs +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A transitive verb is an action verb which requires an object that +receives the verbal action. A sentence with a transitive verb is not +complete without the object. Stative verbs are never transitive. + +- RUT 1:14 –– "And they lifted up" is unclear without an object. They + lifted up...\ *what?* + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַתִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קֹולָ֔ן + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wattissenah** qowlan + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And they lifted up** their voice + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Then they lifted up** their voices + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PRO 7:1 –– "[you must] keep" is unclear without an object. You must + keep...\ *what?* + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + שְׁמֹ֣ר אֲמָרָ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **shemor** 'amaray + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **keep** my-words + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **keep** my words + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Intransitive verbs +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +An intransitive verb is a verb that does NOT require an object to +receive the verbal action. A sentence with an intransitive verb is +complete without an object. Dynamic verbs can be either transitive or +intransitive, but stative verbs are always intransitive. + +- EXO 11:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyomer** yehwah 'el-mosheh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-said** Yahweh to\_Moses + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Then Yahweh **said** to Moses + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- DAN 9:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וָֽאֶתְפַּֽלְלָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wa'ethpalelah** layhwah 'elohay + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-I-prayed** to-Yahweh my-God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I prayed** to Yahweh my God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _verb-linking-verbs: + +Linking verbs +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Linking verbs are verbs that link two +:ref:`noun`, +or a noun and an +:ref:`adjective`. +Hebrew has very few linking verbs, so often a linking verb has to be +supplied in English. + +- RUT 2:6 –– linking verb "is", not present in the Hebrew text + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + נַעֲרָ֤ה מֹֽואֲבִיָּה֙ הִ֔יא + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + na'arah mow'aviyyah hi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Young-woman Moabite she + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + She **is** the young Moabite woman + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 11:10 –– linking verb "seems", not present in the Hebrew text + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כְּכָל־הַטֹּ֖וב בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + kekhol-hattowv be'enekhem + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + like-all\_the-good in-your-eyes. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + whatever **seems** good to you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Helping verbs +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Hebrew does not use helping verbs, but English does. Often, it is +necessary to supply a helping verb in English to express the meaning of +a Hebrew verb. + +Helping verbs in questions and negations +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- 1SA 13:11 –– in English translation with helping verb "have" (not + present in the Hebrew text) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + meh 'asitha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + What you-did? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + What **have** you done? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EZR 5:5 –– in English translation with helping verb "did" (not + present in the Hebrew text) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְלָא־בַטִּ֣לוּ הִמֹּ֔ו + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wela-vattilu himmow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-not\_they-stopped them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and they **did** not stop them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Helping verbs to express possibility or desirability +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +English uses helping verbs to express varying degrees of possiblity or +desirability of verbs. This includes a vast range from strong +possibility (*He **can** do this* or *He **would** do this*) to weak +possibility (*He **might** do this* or *He **could** do this*) or from +strong desirability (*He **should** do this* or ***Let** him do this*) +to weak desirability (***May** he do this* or *He **wants** to do +this*). In Biblical Hebrew, this sense of possibility or desirability is +implied by the context and already present in the form of the verb +itself. + +- GEN 3:16 –– in English translation with helping verb "may" (not + present in Hebrew text) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן אָכֹ֥ל תֹּאכֵֽל׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mikkol 'ets-haggan 'akhol tokhel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + from-every tree-of\_the-garden eating you-eat + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + From every tree in the garden you **may** freely eat + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JOB 38:34 –– in English translation with helping verb "may" (not + present in Hebrew text) + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְֽשִׁפְעַת־מַ֥יִם תְּכַסֶּֽךָּ׃ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + weshif'ath-mayim tekhassekka + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-large-amount-of\_water cover-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + so that an abundance of rainwater **may** cover you + + .. raw:: html + +
diff --git a/content/verb/01.md b/content/verb/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0e8d1e3..0000000 --- a/content/verb/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A verb is the grammatical entity that describes the subject of a sentence. A verb can describe either an action that the subject performs or the state (or condition) of the subject. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb/02.md b/content/verb/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 345efe1..0000000 --- a/content/verb/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,289 +0,0 @@ -## Article -A verb is a word in a sentence that describes either an action by the subject of a sentence, or the subject itself. Therefore, the verb is often the most important word in understanding a sentence or a clause. - -### Form -In Biblical Hebrew, the root of a verb consists of three consonants, sometimes called the tri-literal (meaning "three letters") root. In "strong" verbs, the three root consonants always stay the same and are easy to recognize, but "weak" verbs have one or more consonants that disappear in certain forms. - -Verbs in Biblical Hebrew change form according to both conjugation ([Suffix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md), [Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md), [Infinitive Absolute](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md), etc.) and stem formation ([Qal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_qal/02.md), [Niphal](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_niphal/02.md), [Hiphil](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem_hiphil/02.md), etc.). Generally speaking, changes in verb forms happen by adding prefixes/suffixes, by changing the vowels, or both. These changes in form show the [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md) formation of a verb with its conjugation, which includes the person ([first](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_fist/02.md), [second](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md), or [third](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_third/02.md)), the gender ([masculine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_masculine/02.md) or [feminine](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/gender_feminine/02.md)), the number ([singular](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_singular/02.md) or [plural](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/number_plural/02.md)), and sometimes the state ([absolute](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_absolute/02.md) or [construct](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/state_construct/02.md)). The person, gender, and number of a verb always agree with the subject. - -Unlike English (but similar to other languages like Spanish), verbs in Biblical Hebrew do not require a separate [personal pronoun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/pronoun_personal/02.md) if the subject is not identified; this is because the form of the verb itself includes the subject. A [pronominal suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_pronominal/02.md) attached to a verb can function as its object. - -### Types of verbs I -A important way of distinguishing between different types of verbs is to separate finite verbs from non-finite verbs. - -#### Finite verbs -Finite verbs are verbs that have a subject and do not require any verbal complement to form a complete sentence. Their form shows tense ([suffix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md), [prefix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md), [imperative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md), etc.), as well as person and number. Biblical Hebrew has 7 finite verb forms – Suffix conjugation, prefix conjugation, Sequential suffix conjugation, Sequential prefix conjugation, Imperative, Jussive, and Cohortative. - -#### Non-finite verbs -Properly speaking, non-finite verbs are verbal complements that require a finite verb to form a complete sentence. Biblical Hebrew has three non-finite verb forms, namely the [infinitive absolute](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_absolute/02.md), [infinitive contruct](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/infinitive_construct/02.md), and participles (both [active](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_active/02.md) and [passive](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/participle_passive/02.md)). Non-finite verbs can sometimes describe an action or an event in such a way that the word functions like a [noun](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md). - -NOTE: In Biblical Hebrew, the non-finite verb forms are sometimes used as finite verbs. - -### Types of verbs II -Grammarians often distinguish between different types of verbs. When considering the best way to translate a sentence, it is helpful to understand whether a verb is describing an action or a state of being. - -### Dynamic (or Action) verbs -Dynamic verbs describe a subject performing an action. The subject is *doing* something. - -* 2KI 1:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּשׁ֥וּבוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֵלָ֑יו
**wayyashuvu** hammal'akhim 'elayw
**And-they-returned** the-messangers to-him
When the messengers **returned** to him
- -* JON 1:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַֽיהוָ֗ה **הֵטִ֤יל** רֽוּחַ־גְּדֹולָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם
wayhwah **hetil** ruah-gedowlah 'el-hayyam
And-Yahweh **cast** wind-great on-the-sea
But Yahweh **sent** out a great wind on the sea
- -### Stative (or Non-action) verbs -Rather than describing a specific action, stative verbs describe the subject's state of being (the way the subject is). The subject is *not* doing anything. - -* GEN 48:10 –– stative verb "to be heavy" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְעֵינֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ **כָּבְד֣וּ** מִזֹּ֔קֶן
we'ene yisra'el **kovdu** mizzoqen
And-the-eyes-of Israel **were-heavy** from-age
Now Israel's eyes **were failing** because of his age
- -* NUM 13:33 –– stative verb "to be" - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַנְּהִ֤י בְעֵינֵ֨ינוּ֙ כַּֽחֲגָבִ֔ים
**wannehi** ve'enenu kahagavim
**And-we-were** in-our-eyes like-grashoppers
In our own sight **we were** like grasshoppers
- -### Transitive verbs -A transitive verb is an action verb which requires an object that receives the verbal action. A sentence with a transitive verb is not complete without the object. Stative verbs are never transitive. - -* RUT 1:14 –– "And they lifted up" is unclear without an object. They lifted up...*what?* - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַתִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קֹולָ֔ן
**wattissenah** qowlan
**And they lifted up** their voice
**Then they lifted up** their voices
- -* PRO 7:1 –– "[you must] keep" is unclear without an object. You must keep...*what?* - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
שְׁמֹ֣ר אֲמָרָ֑י
**shemor** 'amaray
**keep** my-words
**keep** my words
- -### Intransitive verbs -An intransitive verb is a verb that does NOT require an object to receive the verbal action. A sentence with an intransitive verb is complete without an object. Dynamic verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, but stative verbs are always intransitive. - -* EXO 11:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה
**wayyomer** yehwah 'el-mosheh
**And-he-said** Yahweh to_Moses
Then Yahweh **said** to Moses
- -* DAN 9:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וָֽאֶתְפַּֽלְלָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖י
**wa'ethpalelah** layhwah 'elohay
**And-I-prayed** to-Yahweh my-God
**I prayed** to Yahweh my God
- - - -### Linking verbs -Linking verbs are verbs that link two [nouns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/noun/02.md), or a noun and an [adjective](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md). Hebrew has very few linking verbs, so often a linking verb has to be supplied in English. - -* RUT 2:6 –– linking verb "is", not present in the Hebrew text - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
נַעֲרָ֤ה מֹֽואֲבִיָּה֙ הִ֔יא
na'arah mow'aviyyah hi
Young-woman Moabite she
She **is** the young Moabite woman
- - -* 1SA 11:10 –– linking verb "seems", not present in the Hebrew text - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כְּכָל־הַטֹּ֖וב בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃
kekhol-hattowv be'enekhem
like-all_the-good in-your-eyes.
whatever **seems** good to you.
- -### Helping verbs -Hebrew does not use helping verbs, but English does. Often, it is necessary to supply a helping verb in English to express the meaning of a Hebrew verb. - -#### Helping verbs in questions and negations - -* 1SA 13:11 –– in English translation with helping verb "have" (not present in the Hebrew text) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ
meh 'asitha
What you-did?
What **have** you done?
- - -* EZR 5:5 –– in English translation with helping verb "did" (not present in the Hebrew text) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְלָא־בַטִּ֣לוּ הִמֹּ֔ו
wela-vattilu himmow
and-not_they-stopped them
and they **did** not stop them
- - -#### Helping verbs to express possibility or desirability -English uses helping verbs to express varying degrees of possiblity or desirability of verbs. This includes a vast range from strong possibility (*He **can** do this* or *He **would** do this*) to weak possibility (*He **might** do this* or *He **could** do this*) or from strong desirability (*He **should** do this* or ***Let** him do this*) to weak desirability (***May** he do this* or *He **wants** to do this*). In Biblical Hebrew, this sense of possibility or desirability is implied by the context and already present in the form of the verb itself. - -* GEN 3:16 –– in English translation with helping verb "may" (not present in Hebrew text) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן אָכֹ֥ל תֹּאכֵֽל׃
mikkol 'ets-haggan 'akhol tokhel
from-every tree-of_the-garden eating you-eat
From every tree in the garden you **may** freely eat
- -* JOB 38:34 –– in English translation with helping verb "may" (not present in Hebrew text) - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְֽשִׁפְעַת־מַ֥יִם תְּכַסֶּֽךָּ׃
weshif'ath-mayim tekhassekka
and-large-amount-of_water cover-you
so that an abundance of rainwater **may** cover you
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb/title.md b/content/verb/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7767278..0000000 --- a/content/verb/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_cohortative.rst b/content/verb_cohortative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..533a6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb_cohortative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_cohortative.rst + +.. _verb_cohortative: + +Verb Cohortative +================ + +Summary +------- + +The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other +similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by +the context. + +Article +------- + +The Cohortative form looks very similar to the :ref:`verb_imperfect` +but functions in the sentence more like an +:ref:`verb_imperative`. +Cohortative verbs appear only in :ref:`person_fist` +forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in :ref:`person_second` +forms, and +:ref:`verb_jussive` +usually appear in :ref:`person_third` +forms.) A Cohortative +:ref:`verb` +does not carry the full force of a command ("We *must* do this!"), but +it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of +possibilty ("We *could* do this."). The meaning is somewhere in the +middle. In English, a Cohortative is often translated with a helping +verb such as "let" or "want" or "will," depending on the context (*"Let +us do this!"* or *"I want to do this!"*). Thus, the Cohortative verb +functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to +determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific +instance. + +Form +---- + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקְטֹלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqtolah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Qal plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטֹהלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtohlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Niphal singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקָּטֵלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqqatelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Niphal plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקָּטֵלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqqatelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hiphil singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אַקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'aqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hiphil plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נַקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +naqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Piel singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Piel plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hithpael singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let me kill myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Hithpael plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִתְקַטֵּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +nithqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +let us kill ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Cohortative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: + +Indirect commands +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- ISA 2:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ **וְנֵלְכָ֖ה** בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + beth ya'aqov lekhu **wenelekhah** be'or yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + House-of Jacob come **and-let-us-walk** in-light-of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + House of Jacob, come, **and let us walk** in the light of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Actions of greater or lesser desirability +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, +assurances, wishes, etc. + +- JER 40:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'elekhah** na' we'akkeh 'eth-yishma'el ben-nethanyah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Let-me-go** oh and-I-will-kill [dir.obj]\_Ishmael son-of\_Nethaniah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Allow me to go** kill Ishmael son of Nethaniah. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 3:3 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה **אָסֻֽרָה**\ ־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer mosheh **'asurah**-nna **we'er'eh** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-he-said Moses **let-me-turn-aside**\ \_oh **and-let-me-see** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Moses said, "**I will turn aside and see**" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 25:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֱלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'elohay bekha vatahti 'al-**'evoshah** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + My-God in-you I-trust not\_\ **let-me-be-ashamed** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + My God, I trust in you. **Do not let me be humiliated** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference +Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.151-152; and* Hebrew +Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 108.* diff --git a/content/verb_cohortative/01.md b/content/verb_cohortative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index a1baf3b..0000000 --- a/content/verb_cohortative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_cohortative/02.md b/content/verb_cohortative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8bd2db..0000000 --- a/content/verb_cohortative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Cohortative form looks very similar to the [Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md) but functions in the sentence more like an [Imperative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md). Cohortative verbs appear only in [1st person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_fist/02.md) forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in [2nd person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md) forms, and [jussives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_jussive/02.md) usually appear in [3rd person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_third/02.md) forms.) A Cohortative [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) does not carry the full force of a command ("We *must* do this!"), but it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of possibilty ("We *could* do this."). The meaning is somewhere in the middle. In English, a Cohortative is often translated with a helping verb such as "let" or "want" or "will," depending on the context (*"Let us do this!"* or *"I want to do this!"*). Thus, the Cohortative verb functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific instance. - -## Form - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
Qal singularאֶקְטֹלָה'eqtolahlet me kill
Qal pluralנִקְטֹהלָהniqtohlahlet us kill
Niphal singularאֶקָּטֵלָה'eqqatelahlet me be killed
Niphal pluralנִקָּטֵלָהniqqatelahlet us be killed
Hiphil singularאַקְטִילָה'aqtilahlet me cause to kill
Hiphil pluralנַקְטִילָהnaqtilahlet us cause to kill
Piel singularאֲקַטֵּלָה'eqattelahlet me slaughter
Piel pluralנְקַטֵּלָהniqattelahlet us slaughter
Hithpael singularאֶתְקַטֵּלָה'ethqattelahlet me kill myself
Hithpael pluralנִתְקַטֵּלָהnithqattelahlet us kill ourselves
- -## Function - -The Cohortative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: - -#### Indirect commands - -* ISA 2:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ **וְנֵלְכָ֖ה** בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה
beth ya'aqov lekhu **wenelekhah** be'or yehwah
House-of Jacob come **and-let-us-walk** in-light-of Yahweh.
House of Jacob, come, **and let us walk** in the light of Yahweh.
- -#### Actions of greater or lesser desirability -These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. - -* JER 40:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה
**'elekhah** na' we'akkeh 'eth-yishma'el ben-nethanyah
**Let-me-go** oh and-I-will-kill [dir.obj]_Ishmael son-of_Nethaniah
**Allow me to go** kill Ishmael son of Nethaniah.
- -* EXO 3:3 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה **אָסֻֽרָה**־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה
wayyomer mosheh **'asurah**-nna **we'er'eh**
And-he-said Moses **let-me-turn-aside**_oh **and-let-me-see**
Moses said, "**I will turn aside and see**"
- -* PSA 25:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֱלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה
'elohay bekha vatahti 'al-**'evoshah**
My-God in-you I-trust not_**let-me-be-ashamed**
My God, I trust in you. **Do not let me be humiliated**
- - ----------------------------------- - -*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.151-152; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 108.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_cohortative/title.md b/content/verb_cohortative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index b29f0f9..0000000 --- a/content/verb_cohortative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb Cohortative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_imperative.rst b/content/verb_imperative.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10aa7a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb_imperative.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1839 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_imperative.rst + +.. _verb_imperative: + +Verb Imperative +=============== + +Summary +------- + +An imperative verb is used to express direct commands, instructions, and +other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined +by the context. + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew, the Imperative form is used to express positive +commands or instructions directed to another person(s). Thus, Imperative +:ref:`verb` +always appear only in the :ref:`person_second`. +(Similarly, +:ref:`verb_cohortative` +appear only in the :ref:`person_fist`, +and +:ref:`verb_jussive` +usually appear in the :ref:`person_third`.) +Imperative verbs can express actions with varying degrees of +desirability, including instructions, requests, permissions, +invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. The context must determine the +nuanced meaning of each instance of an Imperative verb. + +Biblical Hebrew does not use the Imperative form to express negative +commands. Rather, prohibitions are expressed either with the :ref:`verb_imperfect` +(with :ref:`particle_negative--1`) +or with a Jussive verb in the 2nd person (with the :ref:`particle_negative--2`). +Occasionally, the Imperative form will appear with a :ref:`suffix_paragogic_he`; +in these cases, the meaning of the ה suffix is unknown. + +Form +---- + +**Qal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +כְּבַד + +.. raw:: html + + + +kevad + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּבְדִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +kivdi + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +כִּבְדוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +kivdu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +כְּבַדְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +kevadnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be heavy + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Niphal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hiphil** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטִילִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtili + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הַקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +haqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Piel** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +קַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you must slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hithpael** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he must kill himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +she must kill herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they must kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hitqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they must kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Imperative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: + +Direct commands or instructions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JER 43:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + קַ֣ח בְּיָדְךָ֞ אֲבָנִ֣ים גְּדֹל֗וֹת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **qah** beyodkha 'avanim gedoloth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Take** in-your-hand stones large + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Take** some large stones in your hand + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Actions of greater or lesser desirability +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 12:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִמְרִי־נָ֖א אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'imri**-na 'ahothi 'at + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Say**\ \_oh my-sister you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Say** that you are my sister + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 18:23 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וִיהִי־מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wihi-mah 'aruts wayyomer lo **ruts** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And-it-will-be\_whatever I-will-run and-he-said to-him **run** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + "Whatever happens," said Ahimaaz, "I will run." So Joab answered him, + "**Run**". + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 8:10 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עֻ֥צוּ עֵצָ֖ה וְתֻפָ֑ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'utsu** 'etsah wethufar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Advise** counsel and-it-will-be-made-ineffectual + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Form** a plan, but it will not be carried out" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1KI 2:22 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְשַֽׁאֲלִי־לוֹ֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wesha'ali**-lo 'eth-hammelukhah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-ask**\ \_for-him [dir.obj]\_the-kingdom + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Why do you not ask** the kingdom for him also? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference +Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.150-151; and* Hebrew +Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 110.* diff --git a/content/verb_imperative/01.md b/content/verb_imperative/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 60e2b83..0000000 --- a/content/verb_imperative/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -An imperative verb is used to express direct commands, instructions, and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_imperative/02.md b/content/verb_imperative/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index fcd0fe1..0000000 --- a/content/verb_imperative/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,178 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Biblical Hebrew, the Imperative form is used to express positive commands or instructions directed to another person(s). Thus, Imperative [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) always appear only in the [2nd person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md). (Similarly, [cohortatives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_cohortative/02.md) appear only in the [1st person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_fist/02.md), and [jussives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_jussive/02.md) usually appear in the [3rd person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_third/02.md).) Imperative verbs can express actions with varying degrees of desirability, including instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. The context must determine the nuanced meaning of each instance of an Imperative verb. - -Biblical Hebrew does not use the Imperative form to express negative commands. Rather, prohibitions are expressed either with the [Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md) (with [negation particle לֹא](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_negative/02.md#-1)) or with a Jussive verb in the 2nd person (with the [negation particle אַל](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_negative/02.md#-2)). Occasionally, the Imperative form will appear with a [ה suffix](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/suffix_paragogic_he/02.md); in these cases, the meaning of the ה suffix is unknown. - -## Form - -**Qal** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularכְּבַדkevadyou must be heavy
feminine singularכִּבְדִיkivdiyou must be heavy
masculine pluralכִּבְדוּkivduyou must be heavy
feminine pluralכְּבַדְנָהkevadnahyou must be heavy
- -**Niphal** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularהִקָּטֵלhiqqatelyou must be killed
feminine singularהִקָּטְלִיhiqqatliyou must be killed
masculine pluralהִקָּטְלוּhiqqatluyou must be killed
feminine pluralהִקָּטַלְנָהhiqqatalnahyou must be killed
- -**Hiphil** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularהַקְטֵלhaqtelyou must cause to kill
feminine singularהַקְטִילִיhaqtiliyou must cause to kill
masculine pluralהַקְטִילוּhaqtiluyou must cause to kill
feminine pluralהַקְטֵלְנָהhaqtelenahyou must cause to kill
- -**Piel** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularקַטֵּלqattelyou must slaughter
feminine singularקַטְּלִיqatteliyou must slaughter
masculine pluralקַטְּלוּqatteluyou must slaughter
feminine pluralקַטֵּלְנָהqattelnahyou must slaughter
- -**Hithpael** - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singularהִתְקַטֵּלhitqattelhe must kill himself
feminine singularהִתְקַטְּלִיhitqattelishe must kill herself
masculine pluralהִתְקַטְּלוּhitqatteluthey must kill themselves
feminine pluralהִתְקַטֵּלְנָהhitqattelnahthey must kill themselves
- -## Function - -The Imperative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: - -### Direct commands or instructions - -* JER 43:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
קַ֣ח בְּיָדְךָ֞ אֲבָנִ֣ים גְּדֹל֗וֹת
**qah** beyodkha 'avanim gedoloth
**Take** in-your-hand stones large
**Take** some large stones in your hand
- -### Actions of greater or lesser desirability - -* GEN 12:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִמְרִי־נָ֖א אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ
**'imri**-na 'ahothi 'at
**Say**_oh my-sister you
**Say** that you are my sister
- -* 2SA 18:23 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וִיהִי־מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ
wihi-mah 'aruts wayyomer lo **ruts**
And-it-will-be_whatever I-will-run and-he-said to-him **run**
"Whatever happens," said Ahimaaz, "I will run." So Joab answered him, "**Run**".
- -* ISA 8:10 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עֻ֥צוּ עֵצָ֖ה וְתֻפָ֑ר
**'utsu** 'etsah wethufar
**Advise** counsel and-it-will-be-made-ineffectual
**Form** a plan, but it will not be carried out"
- -* 1KI 2:22 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְשַֽׁאֲלִי־לוֹ֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה
**wesha'ali**-lo 'eth-hammelukhah
**And-ask**_for-him [dir.obj]_the-kingdom
**Why do you not ask** the kingdom for him also?
- ------ - -*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.150-151; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 110.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_imperative/title.md b/content/verb_imperative/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4a85cef..0000000 --- a/content/verb_imperative/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb Imperative \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_imperfect.rst b/content/verb_imperfect.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e53612e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb_imperfect.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4587 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_imperfect.rst + +.. _verb_imperfect: + +Verb Imperfect +============== + +Summary +------- + +A verb with prefix conjugation is used generally to indicate an action +that is not complete, or an action that either occurs in the present or +will occur in the future. However, the prefix conjugation can also be +used to describe other kinds of actions. + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew the Prefix Conjugation is used generally to describe +actions that are not completed or actions that occur in the present or +future. However, the Prefix Conjugation is also used to describe several +other kinds of actions as determined by the context. These include +frequentive or durative actions, negative commands, indirect commands, +potential actions, and actions of greater or lesser desirability +(similar to +:ref:`verb_jussive` +and +:ref:`verb_cohortative`). + +The normal Prefix Conjugation with the +:ref:`conjunction` +*waw* (וְ "and") as a prefix is different from the :ref:`verb_sequential_imperfect`, +which utilizes a specialized form of the conjunction and contains a +different meaning. Sometimes a +:ref:`verb` +with Prefix Conjugation occurs within a clause after another :ref:`verb-finite-verbs` +(as in Gen 49:27 below, supplying the linking verb *to be*). In these +cases, the context must determine whether the Prefix Conjugation verb is +complementing the main verb or whether it is communicating its own +verbal idea. + +Form +---- + +**Qal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'eqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
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+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
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+ +**Niphal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
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+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
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+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequtteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֲקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'aquttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +nequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hithpael** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +he will kill himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +she will kill herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +אֶתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +'ethqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +I will kill myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +they will kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +nithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +we will kill ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Prefix Conjugation can indicate any of the following kinds of +actions: + +Actions in future time +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JER 43:13 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאֶת־בָּתֵּ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽי־מִצְרַ֖יִם **יִשְׂרֹ֥ף** בָּאֵֽשׁ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + we'eth-botte 'elohe-mitsrayim **yisrof** ba'esh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-[dir.obj]\_houses-of gods-of\_Egypt **he-burns** in-the-fire + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **He will burn** the temples of Egypt's gods. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Actions in present time +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 32:30 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה **תִּשְׁאַ֣ל** לִשְׁמִ֑י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lammah zeh **tish'al** lishmi + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + why this **you-ask** for-my-name + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Why is it that **you ask** my name? + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Frequentive or durative actions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a +specified time frame. + +- GEN 49:27 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בִּנְיָמִין֙ זְאֵ֣ב יִטְרָ֔ף + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + binyamin ze'ev **yitraf** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Benjamin wolf **he-tears** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Benjamin is a **hungry** wolf. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JER 43:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כַּאֲשֶׁר־\ **יַעְטֶ֤ה** הָֽרֹעֶה֙ אֶת־בִּגְד֔וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ka'asher-\ **ya'teh** haro'eh 'eth-bigdo + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + as-how\_\ **he-picks-clean** the-shepherd [dir.obj]\_his-garment + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + just as shepherds **clean** vermin off their clothes + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +.. _verb_imperfect-direct-negative-commands: + +Direct negative commands (especially with :ref:`particle_negative--1` to express an emphatic prohibition) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JER 43:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֹֽא־\ **תָבֹ֥אוּ** מִצְרַ֖יִם לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lo-\ **thavo'u** mitsrayim lagur sham + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + not\_\ **you-go** Egypt to-sojourn there + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Do not **go** to Egypt to live there. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Potential actions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- PSA 23:4 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + גַּ֤ם כִּֽי־\ **אֵלֵ֨ךְ** בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + gam ki-\ **'elekh** bege tsalmaweth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + even if\_\ **I-walk** in-valley-of deep-darkness + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Even though **I walk** through a valley of darkest shadow + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Actions of greater or lesser desirability +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, +assurances, wishes, etc. \* GEN 3:16 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן אָכֹ֥ל **תֹּאכֵֽל**\ ׃ + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +mikkol 'ets-haggan 'akhol **tokhel** + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +from-every tree-of\_the-garden eating **you-eat** + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +From every tree in the garden **you may** freely **eat**. + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference +Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze (London: A&C Black, 1999), +p.146-149; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, sections 107 and 120.* diff --git a/content/verb_imperfect/01.md b/content/verb_imperfect/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f113cb9..0000000 --- a/content/verb_imperfect/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A verb with prefix conjugation is used generally to indicate an action that is not complete, or an action that either occurs in the present or will occur in the future. However, the prefix conjugation can also be used to describe other kinds of actions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_imperfect/02.md b/content/verb_imperfect/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index fe72d7b..0000000 --- a/content/verb_imperfect/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,336 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Biblical Hebrew the Prefix Conjugation is used generally to describe actions that are not completed or actions that occur in the present or future. However, the Prefix Conjugation is also used to describe several other kinds of actions as determined by the context. These include frequentive or durative actions, negative commands, indirect commands, potential actions, and actions of greater or lesser desirability (similar to [jussives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_jussive/02.md) and [cohortatives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_cohortative/02.md)). - -The normal Prefix Conjugation with the [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md#) *waw* (וְ "and") as a prefix is different from the [Sequential Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/02.md), which utilizes a specialized form of the conjunction and contains a different meaning. Sometimes a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) with Prefix Conjugation occurs within a clause after another [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) (as in Gen 49:27 below, supplying the linking verb *to be*). In these cases, the context must determine whether the Prefix Conjugation verb is complementing the main verb or whether it is communicating its own verbal idea. - -## Form - -**Qal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִקְטֹלyiqtolhe will kill
feminine singular third personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolshe will kill
masculine singular second personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolyou will kill
feminine singular second personתִּקְטְלִיtiqteliyou will kill
common singular first personאֶקְטֹל'eqtolI will kill
masculine plural third personיִקְטְלוּyiqteluthey will kill
feminine plural third personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahthey will kill
masculine plural second personתִּקְטְלוּtiqteluyou will kill
feminine plural second personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahyou will kill
common plural first personנִקְטֹלniqtolwe will kill
- -**Niphal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִקָּטֵלyiqqatelhe will be killed
feminine singular third personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelshe will be killed
masculine singular second personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelyou will be killed
feminine singular second personתִּקָּטְלִיtiqqatliyou will be killed
common singular first personאֶקָּטֵל'eqqatelI will be killed
masculine plural third personיִקָּטְלוּyiqqatluthey will be killed
feminine plural third personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahthey will be killed
masculine plural second personתִּקָּטְלוּtiqqatluyou will be killed
feminine plural second personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahyou will be killed
common plural first personנִקָּטֵלniqqatelwe will be killed
- -**Hiphil** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיַקְטִילyaqtilhe will cause to kill
feminine singular third personתַּקְטִילtaqtilshe will cause to kill
masculine singular second personתַּקְטִילtaqtilyou will cause to kill
feminine singular second personתַּקְטִילִיtaqtiliyou will cause to kill
common singular first personאַקְטִיל'aqtilI will cause to kill
masculine plural third personיַקְטִילוּyaqtiluthey will cause to kill
feminine plural third personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahthey will cause to kill
masculine plural second personתַּקְטִילוּtaqtiluyou will cause to kill
feminine plural second personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahyou will cause to kill
common plural first personנַקְטִילnaqtilwe will cause to kill
- -**Hophal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיָקְטַלyoqtalhe will be caused to kill
feminine singular third personתָּקְטַלtoqtalshe will be caused to kill
masculine singular second personתָּקְטַלtoqtalyou will be caused to kill
feminine singular second personתָּקְטְלִיtoqteliyou will be caused to kill
common singular first personאָקְטַל'oqtalI will be caused to kill
masculine plural third personיָקְטְלוּyoqteluthey will be caused to kill
feminine plural third personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahthey will be caused to kill
masculine plural second personתָּקְטְלוּtoqteluyou will be caused to kill
feminine plural second personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahyou will be caused to kill
common plural first personנָקְטַלnoqtalwe will be caused to kill
- -**Piel** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְקַטֵּלyiqattelhe will slaughter
feminine singular third personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelshe will slaughter
masculine singular second personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelyou will slaughter
feminine singular second personתְּקַטְּלִיtiqatteliyou will slaughter
common singular first personאֲקַטֵּל'eqattelI will slaughter
masculine plural third personיְקַטְּלוּyiqatteluthey will slaughter
feminine plural third personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahthey will slaughter
masculine plural second personתְּקַטְּלוּtiqatteluyou will slaughter
feminine plural second personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahyou will slaughter
common plural first personנְקַטֵּלniqattelwe will slaughter
- -**Pual** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְקֻטַּלyequttalhe will be slaughtered
feminine singular third personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalshe will be slaughtered
masculine singular second personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalyou will be slaughtered
feminine singular second personתְּקֻטְּלִיtequtteliyou will be slaughtered
common singular first personאֲקֻטַּל'aquttalI will be slaughtered
masculine plural third personיְקֻטְּלוּyequtteluthey will be slaughtered
feminine plural third personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahthey will be slaughtered
masculine plural second personתְּקֻטְּלוּtequtteluyou will be slaughtered
feminine plural second personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahyou will be slaughtered
common plural first personנְקֻטַּלnequttalwe will be slaughtered
- -**Hithpael** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִתְקַטֵּלyithqattelhe will kill himself
feminine singular third personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelshe will kill herself
masculine singular second personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelyou will kill yourself
feminine singular second personתִּתְקַטְּלִיtithqatteliyou will kill yourself
common singular first personאֶתְקַטֵּל'ethqattelI will kill myself
masculine plural third personיִתְקַטְּלוּyithqatteluthey will kill themselves
feminine plural third personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahthey will kill themselves
masculine plural second personתִּתְקַטְּלוּtithqatteluyou will kill yourselves
feminine plural second personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahyou will kill yourselves
common plural first personנִתְקַטֵּלnithqattelwe will kill ourselves
- -## Function - -The Prefix Conjugation can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: - -### Actions in future time - -* JER 43:13 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאֶת־בָּתֵּ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽי־מִצְרַ֖יִם **יִשְׂרֹ֥ף** בָּאֵֽשׁ
we'eth-botte 'elohe-mitsrayim **yisrof** ba'esh
and-[dir.obj]_houses-of gods-of_Egypt **he-burns** in-the-fire
**He will burn** the temples of Egypt's gods.
- -### Actions in present time - -* GEN 32:30 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה **תִּשְׁאַ֣ל** לִשְׁמִ֑י
lammah zeh **tish'al** lishmi
why this **you-ask** for-my-name
Why is it that **you ask** my name?
- -### Frequentive or durative actions -These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a specified time frame. - -* GEN 49:27 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בִּנְיָמִין֙ זְאֵ֣ב יִטְרָ֔ף
binyamin ze'ev **yitraf**
Benjamin wolf **he-tears**
Benjamin is a **hungry** wolf.
- -* JER 43:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כַּאֲשֶׁר־**יַעְטֶ֤ה** הָֽרֹעֶה֙ אֶת־בִּגְד֔וֹ
ka'asher-**ya'teh** haro'eh 'eth-bigdo
as-how_**he-picks-clean** the-shepherd [dir.obj]_his-garment
just as shepherds **clean** vermin off their clothes
- -### Direct negative commands (especially with [לֹא](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_negative/02.md#-1) to express an emphatic prohibition) - -* JER 43:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֹֽא־**תָבֹ֥אוּ** מִצְרַ֖יִם לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם
lo-**thavo'u** mitsrayim lagur sham
not_**you-go** Egypt to-sojourn there
Do not **go** to Egypt to live there.
- -### Potential actions - -* PSA 23:4 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
גַּ֤ם כִּֽי־**אֵלֵ֨ךְ** בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת
gam ki-**'elekh** bege tsalmaweth
even if_**I-walk** in-valley-of deep-darkness
Even though **I walk** through a valley of darkest shadow
- -### Actions of greater or lesser desirability -These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. -* GEN 3:16 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן אָכֹ֥ל **תֹּאכֵֽל**׃
mikkol 'ets-haggan 'akhol **tokhel**
from-every tree-of_the-garden eating **you-eat**
From every tree in the garden **you may** freely **eat**.
- - ------ - -*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze (London: A&C Black, 1999), p.146-149; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, sections 107 and 120.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_imperfect/title.md b/content/verb_imperfect/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index c7897a0..0000000 --- a/content/verb_imperfect/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb Imperfect \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_jussive.rst b/content/verb_jussive.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e59052 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb_jussive.rst @@ -0,0 +1,3702 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_jussive.rst + +.. _verb_jussive: + +Verb Jussive +============ + +Summary +------- + +A jussive verb is used to express indirect commands, direct negative +commands limited by time, and other similar actions with varying degrees +of desirability as determined by the context. + +Article +------- + +The Jussive form looks very similar to the :ref:`verb_imperfect` +but functions in the sentence more like an +:ref:`verb_imperative`. +Jussive +:ref:`verb` +usually appear in `3rdperson <%5B3rd%20person%5D(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_third/02.md)>`__ +forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in `2ndperson <%5B2nd%20person%5D(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md)>`__ +forms, and +`cohortatives <%5Bcohortatives%5D(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_cohortative/02.md)>`__ +appear only in `1stperson <%5B1st%20person%5D(https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_fist/02.md)>`__ +forms.) A Jussive verb does not carry the full force of a command ("He +*must* do this!"), but it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple +suggestion or statement of possibilty ("He *could* do this."). The +meaning is somewhere in the middle. In English, a Jussive is often +translated with the helping verb "may" or "let," depending on the +context ("*May* he do this!" or "*Let* him do this!"). Thus, the Jussive +verb functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the +context to determine the strength of desirability being expressed in +each specific instance. + +Biblical Hebrew does not use the Imperative form to express negative +commands. Rather, negative commands are always expressed using either +the Prefix Conjugation form or the Jussive form. In cases where the +Jussive form is being used to express a negative command, the verb will +appear in a 2nd person form rather than a 3rd person form. When used in +this way, the Jussive form takes the :ref:`particle_negative` +in nearly all instances. + +Form +---- + +**Qal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Niphal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hiphil** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יַקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יַקְטֵלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yaqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +taqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hophal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יָקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +toqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Piel** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yiqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tiqattalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Pual** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequtteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יְקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hithpael** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may he kill himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may she kill herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +יִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +yithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may they kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +תִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +tithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +may you kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Jussive form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: + +Indirect commands +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 1:14 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **yehi** me'oroth birqia' hashamayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Let-there-be** luminaries in-expanse-of the-heavens + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Let there be** lights in the sky + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Direct negative commands (2nd person forms with negative particle אַל) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JOB 41:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + זְכֹ֥ר מִ֝לְחָמָ֗ה אַל־תּוֹסַֽף + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + zekhor milhamah 'al-**tosaf** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Remember battle not\_\ **repeat**! + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + you will remember the battle and **do it** no **more**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Actions of greater or lesser desirability +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, +assurances, wishes, etc. + +- GEN 24:51 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּתְהִ֤י אִשָּׁה֙ לְבֶן־אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **uthehi** 'ishah leven-'adoneykha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-let-her-be** wife to-son-of your-lord + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **so she may be** the wife of your master's son + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 45:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְיִתְאָ֣ו הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יָפְיֵ֑ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **weyith'aw** hammelekh yofyekh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-let-him-desire** the-king your-beauty + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + In this way the king **will desire** your beauty + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- PSA 104:20 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + תָּֽשֶׁת־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ **וִ֣יהִי** לָ֑יְלָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + tasheth-hoshekh **wihi** laylah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You-bring\_darkness **and-let-it-be** night + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + You make the darkness **of the night** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference +Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.152-153; and* Hebrew +Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 109.* diff --git a/content/verb_jussive/01.md b/content/verb_jussive/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0ce3028..0000000 --- a/content/verb_jussive/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A jussive verb is used to express indirect commands, direct negative commands limited by time, and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_jussive/02.md b/content/verb_jussive/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 214df71..0000000 --- a/content/verb_jussive/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,269 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Jussive form looks very similar to the [Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md) but functions in the sentence more like an [Imperative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md). Jussive [verbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) usually appear in [3rd person]([3rd person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_third/02.md)) forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in [2nd person]([2nd person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_second/02.md)) forms, and [cohortatives]([cohortatives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_cohortative/02.md)) appear only in [1st person]([1st person](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/person_fist/02.md)) forms.) A Jussive verb does not carry the full force of a command ("He *must* do this!"), but it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of possibilty ("He *could* do this."). The meaning is somewhere in the middle. In English, a Jussive is often translated with the helping verb "may" or "let," depending on the context ("*May* he do this!" or "*Let* him do this!"). Thus, the Jussive verb functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific instance. - -Biblical Hebrew does not use the Imperative form to express negative commands. Rather, negative commands are always expressed using either the Prefix Conjugation form or the Jussive form. In cases where the Jussive form is being used to express a negative command, the verb will appear in a 2nd person form rather than a 3rd person form. When used in this way, the Jussive form takes the [negative particle אַל](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_negative/02.md) in nearly all instances. - -## Form - -**Qal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִקְטֹלyiqtolmay he kill
feminine singular third personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolmay she kill
masculine singular second personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolmay you kill
feminine singular second personתִּקְטְלִיtiqtelimay you kill
masculine plural third personיִקְטְלוּyiqtelumay they kill
feminine plural third personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahmay they kill
masculine plural second personתִּקְטְלוּtiqtelumay you kill
feminine plural second personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahmay you kill
- -**Niphal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִקָּטֵלyiqqatelmay he be killed
feminine singular third personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelmay she be killed
masculine singular second personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelmay you be killed
feminine singular second personתִּקָּטְלִיtiqqatlimay you be killed
masculine plural third personיִקָּטְלוּyiqqatlumay they be killed
feminine plural third personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahmay they be killed
masculine plural second personתִּקָּטְלוּtiqqatlumay you be killed
feminine plural second personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahmay you be killed
- -**Hiphil** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיַקְטֵלyaqtelmay he cause to kill
masculine singular second personתַּקְטֵלtaqtelyou will be caused to kill
feminine singular second personתַּקְטֵלִיtaqteliyou will be caused to kill
feminine singular third personתַּקְטֵלtaqtelmay she cause to kill
masculine plural third personיַקְטֵלוּyaqtelumay they cause to kill
feminine plural third personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahmay they cause to kill
masculine plural second personתַּקְטֵלוּtaqteluyou will be caused to kill
feminine plural second personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahyou will be caused to kill
- -**Hophal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיָקְטַלyoqtalmay he be caused to kill
feminine singular third personתָּקְטַלtoqtalmay she be caused to kill
masculine singular second personתָּקְטַלtoqtalmay you be caused to kill
feminine singular second personתָּקְטְלִיtoqtelimay you be caused to kill
masculine plural third personיָקְטְלוּyoqtelumay they be caused to kill
feminine plural third personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahmay they be caused to kill
masculine plural second personתָּקְטְלוּtoqtelumay you be caused to kill
feminine plural second personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahmay you be caused to kill
- -**Piel** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְקַטֵּלyiqattelmay he slaughter
feminine singular third personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelmay she slaughter
masculine singular second personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelmay you slaughter
feminine singular second personתְּקַטְּלִיtiqattelimay you slaughter
masculine plural third personיְקַטְּלוּyiqattelumay they slaughter
feminine plural third personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahmay they slaughter
masculine plural second personתְּקַטְּלוּtiqattelumay you slaughter
feminine plural second personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahmay you slaughter
- -**Pual** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיְקֻטַּלyequttalmay he be slaughtered
feminine singular third personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalmay she be slaughtered
masculine singular second personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalmay you be slaughtered
feminine singular second personתְּקֻטְּלִיtequttelimay you be slaughtered
masculine plural third personיְקֻטְּלוּyequttelumay they be slaughtered
feminine plural third personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahmay they be slaughtered
masculine plural second personתְּקֻטְּלוּtequttelumay you be slaughtered
feminine plural second personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahmay you be slaughtered
- -**Hithpael** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personיִתְקַטֵּלyithqattelmay he kill himself
feminine singular third personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelmay she kill herself
masculine singular second personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelmay you kill yourself
feminine singular second personתִּתְקַטְּלִיtithqattelimay you kill yourself
masculine plural third personיִתְקַטְּלוּyithqattelumay they kill themselves
feminine plural third personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahmay they kill themselves
masculine plural second personתִּתְקַטְּלוּtithqattelumay you kill yourselves
feminine plural second personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahmay you kill yourselves
- -## Function - -The Jussive form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: - -### Indirect commands - -* GEN 1:14 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם
**yehi** me'oroth birqia' hashamayim
**Let-there-be** luminaries in-expanse-of the-heavens
**Let there be** lights in the sky
- -### Direct negative commands (2nd person forms with negative particle אַל) - -* JOB 41:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
זְכֹ֥ר מִ֝לְחָמָ֗ה אַל־תּוֹסַֽף
zekhor milhamah 'al-**tosaf**
Remember battle not_**repeat**!
you will remember the battle and **do it** no **more**.
- -### Actions of greater or lesser desirability -These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. - -* GEN 24:51 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּתְהִ֤י אִשָּׁה֙ לְבֶן־אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ
**uthehi** 'ishah leven-'adoneykha
**and-let-her-be** wife to-son-of your-lord
**so she may be** the wife of your master's son
- -* PSA 45:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְיִתְאָ֣ו הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יָפְיֵ֑ךְ
**weyith'aw** hammelekh yofyekh
**and-let-him-desire** the-king your-beauty
In this way the king **will desire** your beauty
- -* PSA 104:20 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
תָּֽשֶׁת־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ **וִ֣יהִי** לָ֑יְלָה
tasheth-hoshekh **wihi** laylah
You-bring_darkness **and-let-it-be** night
You make the darkness **of the night**
- - - ------ - -*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.152-153; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 109.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_jussive/title.md b/content/verb_jussive/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index afc72a1..0000000 --- a/content/verb_jussive/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb Jussive \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_perfect.rst b/content/verb_perfect.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75ff0c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb_perfect.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4676 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_perfect.rst + +.. _verb_perfect: + +Verb Perfect +============ + +Summary +------- + +A verb with suffix conjugation is used generally to indicate a completed +action, or an action that has occurred in the past. However, the suffix +conjugation can also be used to describe other kinds of actions. + +Article +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew a Suffix Conjugation +:ref:`verb` +is generally used to describe actions that have occurred in the past or +actions that are completed (even in present and future time). However, +the Suffix Conjugation is also used to describe a variety of other kinds +of actions. Thus, a Suffix Conjugation verb has the potential to be +translated with the past tense, the present tense, or even the future +tense. The context must determine the proper meaning for each instance +of a Suffix Conjugation verb. + +When the +:ref:`conjunction` +*waw* (וְ "and") is added to the Suffix Conjugation as a prefix, this +can indicate either the :ref:`verb_perfect-perfect-copulative-perfect-with-a-conjunction` +or the :ref:`verb_sequential_perfect`. +The meaning of the verb is different in either case, and the context +must be carefully considered to determine if it is a suffix conjugation +copulative verb or a Sequential Suffix Conjugation verb. + +Form +---- + +**Qal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +qetalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קָטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qatalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Niphal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +נִקְטַלְתֶּנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +niqtaltenu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hiphil** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +he caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hiqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hophal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הָקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hoqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Piel** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטֵּל / קִטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittel / qittal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קִטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +qittalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Pual** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +קֻטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +quttalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hithpael** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattal + +.. raw:: html + + + +he killed himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +she killed herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +I killed myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +they killed themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +הִתְקַטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +hithqattalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +we killed ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Suffix Conjugation can indicate any of the following kinds of +actions: + +Completed actions in past time +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The Suffix Conjugation can be translated as simple past action, present +perfect (= completed) action ("he has done"), or past perfect action +("he had done"). + +- JER 43:7 — Suffix Conjugation translated as simple past + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֛י לֹ֥א **שָׁמְע֖וּ** בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki lo **shom'u** beqol yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for not **they-listened** to-voice-of Yahweh. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + because **they** did not **listen** to Yahweh's voice. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JER 43:10 — Suffix Conjugation translated as present perfect + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + מִמַּ֛עַל לָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֣ר טָמָ֑נְתִּי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + mimma'al la'avanim ha'elleh 'asher **tamanti** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + from-over to-the-stones the-these that **you-buried**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + over these stones that **you have buried**. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JER 43:5 — Suffix Conjugation translated as past perfect + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־\ **שָׁ֗בוּ** מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + kol-she'erith yehudah 'asher-**shavu** mikkol-haggoyim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + whole\_remnant-of Judah that\_\ **they-returned** + from-all\_the-nations + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + all the remnant of Judah who **had returned** from all the nations + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Completed actions in present/future time +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- GEN 28:15 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־\ **עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + until then when **I-have-done** [dir.obj] what\_I-have-spoken to-you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I will do** all that I have promised to you. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Imaginary actions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This is an action described as a hypothetical situation. + +- RUT 1:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּ֤י **אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙** יֶשׁ־לִ֣י תִקְוָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki **'amartiy** yesh-li thiqwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + if **I-said** there-is\_for-me hope + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If **I said**, 'I hope I get a husband tonight,' + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 1SA 14:30 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אַ֗ף כִּ֡י לוּא֩ אָכֹ֨ל **אָכַ֤ל** הַיּוֹם֙ הָעָ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'af ki lu' 'akhol **'akhal** hayyom ha'am + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Oh if only eating **they-had-eaten** the-day the-people + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + How much better if the people **had eaten** freely today + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Stative actions (describing a state or condition) +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This kind of action describes a state or a condition, usually with a +:ref:`verb-stative-non-action-verbs` +or a passive +:ref:`stem`. + +- LAM 1:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אֵיכָ֣ה׀ **יָשְׁבָ֣ה** בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + 'ekhah **yoshvah** vadad ha'ir + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + How **it-sits** lonely the-city + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The city ... **is now sitting** all alone. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Performative actions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This is an action that is performed by speaking it. + +- GEN 23:11 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + הַשָּׂדֶה֙ **נָתַ֣תִּי** לָ֔ךְ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + hassadeh **nathatti** lakh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + the-field **I-give** to-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **I give** you the field + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Prophetic actions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This is a very rare use of the perfect, occurring in prophetic +utterances. + +- ISA 11:9 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + כִּֽי־\ **מָלְאָ֣ה** הָאָ֗רֶץ דֵּעָה֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + ki-\ **mol'ah** ha'arets de'ah 'eth-yehwah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for\_\ **it-will-be-full** the-earth-of knowledge [dir.obj]\_Yahweh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + for the earth **will be full** of knowledge of Yahweh" + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Suffix conjugation copulative +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This form adds the +:ref:`conjunction` +*waw* (וְ "and") to the normal Suffix Conjugation and can express any of +the above meanings. This form appears identical to the `Sequential +Suffix +Conjugation `__. + +- 1KI 12:32 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהֶעֱמִיד֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔ל אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֥י + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wehe'emid** beveth 'el 'eth-kohane + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-set-up** in-Bethel [dir.obj]\_priests + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and he placed** priests in Bethel + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- ISA 1:2 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + בָּנִים֙ גִּדַּ֣לְתִּי וְרֹומַ֔מְתִּי + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + banim giddalti **werowmamti** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + sons I-made-great **and-I-raised-up** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + I have nourished **and brought up** children + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from:* Biblical Hebrew Reference +Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.144-146; and* An +Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, *by Waltke and O'Connor, +p.479-495; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 106.* diff --git a/content/verb_perfect/01.md b/content/verb_perfect/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 99e7285..0000000 --- a/content/verb_perfect/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A verb with suffix conjugation is used generally to indicate a completed action, or an action that has occurred in the past. However, the suffix conjugation can also be used to describe other kinds of actions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_perfect/02.md b/content/verb_perfect/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index af0cd95..0000000 --- a/content/verb_perfect/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,396 +0,0 @@ -## Article -In Biblical Hebrew a Suffix Conjugation [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) is generally used to describe actions that have occurred in the past or actions that are completed (even in present and future time). However, the Suffix Conjugation is also used to describe a variety of other kinds of actions. Thus, a Suffix Conjugation verb has the potential to be translated with the past tense, the present tense, or even the future tense. The context must determine the proper meaning for each instance of a Suffix Conjugation verb. - -When the [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md#) *waw* (וְ "and") is added to the Suffix Conjugation as a prefix, this can indicate either the [suffix conjugation copulative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md#perfect-copulative-perfect-with-a-conjunction) or the [Sequential Suffix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_sequential_perfect/02.md). The meaning of the verb is different in either case, and the context must be carefully considered to determine if it is a suffix conjugation copulative verb or a Sequential Suffix Conjugation verb. - -## Form - -**Qal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personקָטַלqatalhe killed
feminine singular third personקָטְלָהqatlahshe killed
masculine singular second personקָטַלְתָּqataltayou killed
feminine singular second personקָטַלְתְּqataltyou killed
common singular first personקָטַלְתִּיqataltiI killed
common plural third personקָטְלוּqatluthey killed
masculine plural second personקְטַלְתֶּםqetaltemyou killed
feminine plural second personקְטַלְתֶּןqetaltenyou killed
common plural first personקָטַלְנוּqatalnuwe killed
- -**Niphal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personנִקְטַלniqtalhe was killed
feminine singular third personנִקְטְלָהniqtelahshe was killed
masculine singular second personנִקְטַלְתָּniqtaltayou were killed
feminine singular second personנִקְטַלְתְּniqtaltyou were killed
common singular first personנִקְטַלְתִּיniqtaltiI was killed
common plural third personנִקְטְלוּniqteluthey were killed
masculine plural second personנִקְטַלְתֶּםniqtaltemyou were killed
feminine plural second personנִקְטַלְתֶּןniqtaltenyou were killed
common plural first personנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּniqtaltenuwe were killed
- -**Hiphil** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהִקְטִילhiqtilhe caused to kill
feminine singular third personהִקְטִילָהhiqtilahshe caused to kill
masculine singular second personהִקְטַלְתָּhiqtaltayou caused to kill
feminine singular second personהִקְטַלְתְּhiqtaltyou caused to kill
common singular first personהִקְטַלְתִּיhiqtaltiI caused to kill
common plural third personהִקְטִילוּhiqtiluthey caused to kill
masculine plural second personהִקְטַלְתֶּםhiqtaltemyou caused to kill
feminine plural second personהִקְטַלְתֶּןhiqtaltenyou caused to kill
common plural first personהִקְטַלְנוּhiqtalnuwe caused to kill
- -**Hophal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהָקְטַלhoqtalhe was caused to kill
feminine singular third personהָקְטְלָהhoqtelahshe was caused to kill
masculine singular second personהָקְטַלְתָּhoqtaltayou were caused to kill
feminine singular second personהָקְטַלְתְּhoqtaltyou were caused to kill
common singular first personהָקְטַלְתִּיhoqtaltiI was caused to kill
common plural third personהָקְטְלוּhoqteluthey were caused to kill
masculine plural second personהָקְטַלְתֶּםhoqtaltemyou were caused to kill
feminine plural second personהָקְטַלְתֶּןhoqtaltenyou were caused to kill
common plural first personהָקְטַלְנוּhoqtalnuwe were caused to kill
- -**Piel** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personקִטֵּל / קִטַּלqittel / qittalhe slaughtered
feminine singular third personקִטְּלָהqittelahshe slaughtered
masculine singular second personקִטַּלְתָּqittaltayou slaughtered
feminine singular second personקִטַּלְתְּqittaltyou slaughtered
common singular first personקִטַּלְתִּיqittaltiI slaughtered
common plural third personקִטְּלוּqitteluthey slaughtered
masculine plural second personקִטַּלְתֶּםqittaltemyou slaughtered
feminine plural second personקִטַּלְתֶּןqittaltenyou slaughtered
common plural first personקִטַּלְנוּqittalnuwe slaughtered
- -**Pual** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personקֻטַּלquttalhe was slaughtered
feminine singular third personקֻטְּלָהquttelahshe was slaughtered
masculine singular second personקֻטַּלְתָּquttaltayou were slaughtered
feminine singular second personקֻטַּלְתְּquttaltyou were slaughtered
common singular first personקֻטַּלְתִּיquttaltiI was slaughtered
common plural third personקֻטְּלוּqutteluthey were slaughtered
masculine plural second personקֻטַּלְתֶּםquttaltemyou were slaughtered
feminine plural second personקֻטַּלְתֶּןquttaltenyou were slaughtered
common plural first personקֻטַּלְנוּquttalnuwe were slaughtered
- -**Hithpael** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personהִתְקַטֵּלhithqattalhe killed himself
feminine singular third personהִתְקַטְּלָהhithqattelahshe killed herself
masculine singular second personהִתְקַטַּלְתָּhithqattaltayou killed yourself
feminine singular second personהִתְקַטַּלְתְּhithqattaltyou killed yourself
common singular first personהִתְקַטַּלְתִּיhithqattaltiI killed myself
common plural third personהִתְקַטְּלוּhithqatteluthey killed themselves
masculine plural second personהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּםhithqattaltemyou killed yourselves
feminine plural second personהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּןhithqattaltenyou killed yourselves
common plural first personהִתְקַטַּלְנוּhithqattalnuwe killed ourselves
- -## Function - -The Suffix Conjugation can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: - -### Completed actions in past time -The Suffix Conjugation can be translated as simple past action, present perfect (= completed) action ("he has done"), or past perfect action ("he had done"). - -* JER 43:7 — Suffix Conjugation translated as simple past - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֛י לֹ֥א **שָׁמְע֖וּ** בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה
ki lo **shom'u** beqol yehwah
for not **they-listened** to-voice-of Yahweh.
because **they** did not **listen** to Yahweh's voice.
- -* JER 43:10 — Suffix Conjugation translated as present perfect - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
מִמַּ֛עַל לָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֣ר טָמָ֑נְתִּי
mimma'al la'avanim ha'elleh 'asher **tamanti**
from-over to-the-stones the-these that **you-buried**.
over these stones that **you have buried**.
- -* JER 43:5 — Suffix Conjugation translated as past perfect - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־**שָׁ֗בוּ** מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙
kol-she'erith yehudah 'asher-**shavu** mikkol-haggoyim
whole\_remnant-of Judah that\_**they-returned** from-all_the-nations
all the remnant of Judah who **had returned** from all the nations
- -### Completed actions in present/future time - -* GEN 28:15 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־**עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ
'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh
until then when **I-have-done** [dir.obj] what_I-have-spoken to-you.
**I will do** all that I have promised to you.
- -### Imaginary actions -This is an action described as a hypothetical situation. - -* RUT 1:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּ֤י **אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙** יֶשׁ־לִ֣י תִקְוָ֔ה
ki **'amartiy** yesh-li thiqwah
if **I-said** there-is_for-me hope
If **I said**, 'I hope I get a husband tonight,'
- -* 1SA 14:30 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אַ֗ף כִּ֡י לוּא֩ אָכֹ֨ל **אָכַ֤ל** הַיּוֹם֙ הָעָ֔ם
'af ki lu' 'akhol **'akhal** hayyom ha'am
Oh if only eating **they-had-eaten** the-day the-people
How much better if the people **had eaten** freely today
- -### Stative actions (describing a state or condition) -This kind of action describes a state or a condition, usually with a [stative verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#non-action-or-stative-verbs) or a passive [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md). - -* LAM 1:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֵיכָ֣ה׀ **יָשְׁבָ֣ה** בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙
'ekhah **yoshvah** vadad ha'ir
How **it-sits** lonely the-city
The city ... **is now sitting** all alone.
- -### Performative actions -This is an action that is performed by speaking it. - -* GEN 23:11 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
הַשָּׂדֶה֙ **נָתַ֣תִּי** לָ֔ךְ
hassadeh **nathatti** lakh
the-field **I-give** to-you
**I give** you the field
- -### Prophetic actions -This is a very rare use of the perfect, occurring in prophetic utterances. - -* ISA 11:9 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
כִּֽי־**מָלְאָ֣ה** הָאָ֗רֶץ דֵּעָה֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה
ki-**mol'ah** ha'arets de'ah 'eth-yehwah
for_**it-will-be-full** the-earth-of knowledge [dir.obj]_Yahweh
for the earth **will be full** of knowledge of Yahweh"
- -### Suffix conjugation copulative -This form adds the [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md#) *waw* (וְ "and") to the normal Suffix Conjugation and can express any of the above meanings. This form appears identical to the [Sequential Suffix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_sequential_perfect/02.md). - -* 1KI 12:32 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהֶעֱמִיד֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔ל אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֥י
**wehe'emid** beveth 'el 'eth-kohane
**and-he-set-up** in-Bethel [dir.obj]_priests
**and he placed** priests in Bethel
- -* ISA 1:2 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בָּנִים֙ גִּדַּ֣לְתִּי וְרֹומַ֔מְתִּי
banim giddalti **werowmamti**
sons I-made-great **and-I-raised-up**
I have nourished **and brought up** children
- --------------------------------------- - -*Information in this article is taken from:* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.144-146; and* An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, *by Waltke and O'Connor, p.479-495; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 106.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_perfect/title.md b/content/verb_perfect/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4f42bb6..0000000 --- a/content/verb_perfect/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb Perfect \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_imperfect.rst b/content/verb_sequential_imperfect.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1784499 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb_sequential_imperfect.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4746 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_sequential_imperfect.rst + +.. _verb_sequential_imperfect: + +Verb Sequential Imperfect +========================= + +Summary +------- + +A verb with sequential prefix conjugation functions generally like a +verb with *suffix conjugation*, but it also connects to an earlier verb +to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. + +Article +------- + +The sequential prefix conjugation of a +:ref:`verb` +looks similar to the normal :ref:`verb_imperfect`, +but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. A +Sequential Prefix Conjugation verb does not function like a normal +Prefix Conjugation verb, but it functions similar to a *:ref:`verb_perfect`* +verb. The difference is an added sense of being connected to an earlier +verb to form a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. In Hebrew +narratives, the Sequential Prefix Conjugation also serves the function +of controlling the flow of a story en often occurs at the beginning of a +sentence. + +The endings of the Sequential Prefix Conjugation are teh same as the +normal Prefix Conjugation but the Sequential form also has an extra +prefix, which is a *specialized* form of the +:ref:`conjunction`. +The difference between the Sequential Prefix Conjugation and the normal +Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction is in the vowel pattern. The +normal Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction looks exactly like what +one would expect: a normal conjunction (וְ) is added to the beginning of +the normal Prefix Conjugation (יִקְטֹל) to make a single word +(וְיִקְטֹל). However, the Sequential Prefix Conjugation looks different +(וַיִּקְטֹל). In contrast to the normal Prefix Conjugation with the +conjunction, the Sequential Prefix Conjugation usually contains (1) a +vowel (usually pathach) under the conjunction instead of the shewa, and +(2) a daghesh in the prefix consonant of the verbal form (see table +below). + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Verbal root + +.. raw:: html + + + +Prefix Conjugation + conjunction (וְ) + +.. raw:: html + + + +Sequential Prefix Conjugation + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +כתב + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְיִכְתֹּב + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּכְתֹּב + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +פעל + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְיִפְעַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּפְעַל + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +קרא + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְיִקְרָא + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּקְרָא + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Form +---- + +**Qal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֶקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'eqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqtolenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנִּקְטֹל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wanniqtol + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Niphal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֶקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'eqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I was killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיִּקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattiqqatalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנִּקָּטֵל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wanniqqatel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we were killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hiphil** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִילִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtili + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאַקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'aqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיַּקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyaqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattaqtelenah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנַּקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannaqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hophal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) whe was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטְלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'oqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I was caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיָּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתָּקְטַלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattoqtalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנָּקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we were caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Piel** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyeqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֲקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'eqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyeqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +watteqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנְּקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wanneqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Pual** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequtteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֲקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'aquttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I was slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattequttalnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנְּקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we were slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hithpael** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he killed himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she killed herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטְּלִי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqatteli + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וָאֶתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wa'ethqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I killed myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַיְּתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wayyithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they killed themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wattithqattelnah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you killed yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וַנְּתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wannithqattel + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we killed ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The Sequential Prefix Conjugation indicates any one of these kinds of +verbal actions: + +Completed actions, or actions in the past +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 12:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-said** Yahweh to\_Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now** Yahweh **said** to Abram + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 13:1 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayya'al** 'avram mimmitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-went-up** Abram from-Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **So** Abram **went up** from Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Stative actions +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This kind of action describes a state or condition, usually with a +:ref:`verb-stative-non-action-verbs` +or in a passive +:ref:`stem`. +\* GEN 22:19 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְרָהָ֖ם בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**wayyeshev** 'avraham biv'er shava' + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**and-he-remained** Abraham in-Beer Sheba + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**and** Abraham **lived** at Beersheba. + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 21:8 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyigdal** hayyeled **wayyiggamal** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-grew** the-child **and-he-was-weaned** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + The child **grew and was weaned** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Actions that are paired together in a sentence (often with the verb היה) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- JOB 1:6 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם **וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙** בְּנֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayhi** hayyom **wayyavo'u** bene ha'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-it-came** the-day **and-they-went** sons-of the-God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And then came** the day **when** the sons of God **came** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- JUD 19:27 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר **וַיִּפְתַּח֙** דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wayyaqom** 'adoneyha babboqer **wayyiftah** dalthoth habbayith + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-he-rose-up** her-lord in-the-morning **and-he-opened** doors-of + the-house + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Her master **rose up** in the morning **and opened** the doors of the + house + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 1:28 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹהִים֒ **וַיֹּ֨אמֶר** לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayvarekh 'otham 'elohim wayyomer lahem 'elohim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **And-he-blessed** them God **and-he-said** to-them God + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God **blessed** them **and** God **said** to them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference +Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé & Kroeze, p.165-167; and* Hebrew +Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 111.* diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/01.md b/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index fbe7a46..0000000 --- a/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A verb with sequential prefix conjugation functions generally like a verb with *suffix conjugation*, but it also connects to an earlier verb to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/02.md b/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7dac737..0000000 --- a/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,339 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The sequential prefix conjugation of a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) looks similar to the normal [Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md), but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. A Sequential Prefix Conjugation verb does not function like a normal Prefix Conjugation verb, but it functions similar to a *[Suffix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md)* verb. The difference is an added sense of being connected to an earlier verb to form a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. In Hebrew narratives, the Sequential Prefix Conjugation also serves the function of controlling the flow of a story en often occurs at the beginning of a sentence. - -The endings of the Sequential Prefix Conjugation are teh same as the normal Prefix Conjugation but the Sequential form also has an extra prefix, which is a *specialized* form of the [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md). The difference between the Sequential Prefix Conjugation and the normal Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction is in the vowel pattern. The normal Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction looks exactly like what one would expect: a normal conjunction (וְ) is added to the beginning of the normal Prefix Conjugation (יִקְטֹל) to make a single word (וְיִקְטֹל). However, the Sequential Prefix Conjugation looks different (וַיִּקְטֹל). In contrast to the normal Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction, the Sequential Prefix Conjugation usually contains (1) a vowel (usually pathach) under the conjunction instead of the shewa, and (2) a daghesh in the prefix consonant of the verbal form (see table below). - - - - - - - - - - - -
Verbal rootPrefix Conjugation + conjunction (וְ)Sequential Prefix Conjugation
כתבוְיִכְתֹּבוַיִּכְתֹּב
פעלוְיִפְעַלוַיִּפְעַל
קראוְיִקְרָאוַיִּקְרָא
- -## Form - -**Qal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיִּקְטֹלwayyiqtol(and) he killed
feminine singular third personוַתִּקְטֹלwattiqtol(and) she killed
masculine singular second personוַתִּקְטֹלwattiqtol(and) you killed
feminine singular second personוַתִּקְטְלִיwattiqteli(and) you killed
common singular first personוָאֶקְטֹלwa'eqtol(and) I killed
masculine plural third personוַיִקְטְלוּwayiqtelu(and) they killed
feminine plural third personוַתִּקְטֹלְנָהwattiqtolenah(and) they killed
masculine plural second personוַתִּקְטְלוּwattiqtelu(and) you killed
feminine plural second personוַתִּקְטֹלְנָהwattiqtolenah(and) you killed
common plural first personוַנִּקְטֹלwanniqtol(and) we killed
- -**Niphal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיִּקָּטֵלwayyiqqatel(and) he was killed
feminine singular third personוַתִּקָּטֵלwattiqqatel(and) she was killed
masculine singular second personוַתִּקָּטֵלwattiqqatel(and) you were killed
feminine singular second personוַתִּקָּטְלִיwattiqqatli(and) you were killed
common singular first personוָאֶקָּטֵלwa'eqqatel(and) I was killed
masculine plural third personוַיִּקָּטְלוּwayyiqqatlu(and) they were killed
feminine plural third personוַתִּקָּטַלְנָהwattiqqatalnah(and) they were killed
masculine plural second personוַתִּקָּטְלוּwattiqqatlu(and) you were killed
feminine plural second personוַתִּקָּטַלְנָהwattiqqatalnah(and) you were killed
common plural first personוַנִּקָּטֵלwanniqqatel(and) we were killed
- -**Hiphil** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיַּקְטִילwayyaqtil(and) he caused to kill
feminine singular third personוַתַּקְטִילwattaqtil(and) she caused to kill
masculine singular second personוַתַּקְטִילwattaqtil(and) you caused to kill
feminine singular second personוַתַּקְטִילִיwattaqtili(and) you caused to kill
common singular first personוָאַקְטִילwa'aqtil(and) I caused to kill
masculine plural third personוַיַּקְטִילוּwayyaqtilu(and) they caused to kill
feminine plural third personוַתַּקְטֵלְנָהwattaqtelenah(and) they caused to kill
masculine plural second personוַתַּקְטִילוּwattaqtilu(and) you caused to kill
feminine plural second personוַתַּקְטֵלְנָהwattaqtelenah(and) you caused to kill
common plural first personוַנַּקְטִילwannaqtil(and) we caused to kill
- -**Hophal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיָּקְטַלwayyoqtal(and) he was caused to kill
feminine singular third personוַתָּקְטַלwattoqtal(and) whe was caused to kill
masculine singular second personוַתָּקְטַלwattoqtal(and) you were caused to kill
feminine singular second personוַתָּקְטְלִיwattoqteli(and) you were caused to kill
common singular first personוָאָקְטַלwa'oqtal(and) I was caused to kill
masculine plural third personוַיָּקְטְלוּwayyoqtelu(and) they were caused to kill
feminine plural third personוַתָּקְטַלְנָהwattoqtalnah(and) they were caused to kill
masculine plural second personוַתָּקְטְלוּwattoqtelu(and) you were caused to kill
feminine plural second personוַתָּקְטַלְנָהwattoqtalnah(and) you were caused to kill
common plural first personוַנָּקְטַלwannoqtal(and) we were caused to kill
- -**Piel** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיְּקַטֵּלwayyeqattel(and) he slaughtered
feminine singular third personוַתְּקַטֵּלwatteqattel(and) she slaughtered
masculine singular second personוַתְּקַטֵּלwatteqattel(and) you slaughtered
feminine singular second personוַתְּקַטְּלִיwatteqatteli(and) you slaughtered
common singular first personוָאֲקַטֵּלwa'eqattel(and) I slaughtered
masculine plural third personוַיְּקַטְּלוּwayyeqattelu(and) they slaughtered
feminine plural third personוַתְּקַטַּלְנָהwatteqattelnah(and) they slaughtered
masculine plural second personוַתְּקַטְּלוּwatteqattelu(and) you slaughtered
feminine plural second personוַתְּקַטַּלְנָהwatteqattelnah(and) you slaughtered
common plural first personוַנְּקַטֵּלwanneqattel(and) we slaughtered
- -**Pual** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיְּקֻטַּלwayyequttal(and) he was slaughtered
feminine singular third personוַתְּקֻטַּלwattequttal(and) she was slaughtered
masculine singular second personוַתְּקֻטַּלwattequttal(and) you were slaughtered
feminine singular second personוַתְּקֻטְּלִיwattequtteli(and) you were slaughtered
common singular first personוָאֲקֻטַּלwa'aquttal(and) I was slaughtered
masculine plural third personוַיְּקֻטְּלוּwayyequttelu(and) they were slaughtered
feminine plural third personוַתְּקֻטַּלְנָהwattequttalnah(and) they were slaughtered
masculine plural second personוַתְּקֻטְּלוּwattequttelu(and) you were slaughtered
feminine plural second personוַתְּקֻטַּלְנָהwattequttalnah(and) you were slaughtered
common plural first personוַנְּקֻטַּלwannequttal(and) we were slaughtered
- -**Hithpael** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוַיְּתְקַטֵּלwayyithqattel(and) he killed himself
feminine singular third personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלwattithqattel(and) she killed herself
masculine singular second personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלwattithqattel(and) you killed yourself
feminine singular second personוַתִּתְקַטְּלִיwattithqatteli(and) you killed yourself
common singular first personוָאֶתְקַטֵּלwa'ethqattel(and) I killed myself
masculine plural third personוַיְּתְקַטְּלוּwayyithqattelu(and) they killed themselves
feminine plural third personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהwattithqattelnah(and) they killed themselves
masculine plural second personוַתִּתְקַטְּלוּwattithqattelu(and) you killed yourselves
feminine plural second personוַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהwattithqattelnah(and) you killed yourselves
common plural first personוַנְּתְקַטֵּלwannithqattel(and) we killed ourselves
- -## Function - -The Sequential Prefix Conjugation indicates any one of these kinds of verbal actions: - -#### Completed actions, or actions in the past -* GEN 12:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם
**wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram
**and-he-said** Yahweh to_Abram
**Now** Yahweh **said** to Abram
- -* GEN 13:1 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם
**wayya'al** 'avram mimmitsrayim
**and-he-went-up** Abram from-Egypt
**So** Abram **went up** from Egypt
- -#### Stative actions -This kind of action describes a state or condition, usually with a [stative verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#non-action-or-stative-verbs) or in a passive [stem](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/stem/02.md). -* GEN 22:19 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְרָהָ֖ם בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע
**wayyeshev** 'avraham biv'er shava'
**and-he-remained** Abraham in-Beer Sheba
**and** Abraham **lived** at Beersheba.
- -* GEN 21:8 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל
**wayyigdal** hayyeled **wayyiggamal**
**And-he-grew** the-child **and-he-was-weaned**
The child **grew and was weaned**
- -#### Actions that are paired together in a sentence (often with the verb היה) -* JOB 1:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם **וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙** בְּנֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים
**wayhi** hayyom **wayyavo'u** bene ha'elohim
**and-it-came** the-day **and-they-went** sons-of the-God
**And then came** the day **when** the sons of God **came**
- -* JUD 19:27 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר **וַיִּפְתַּח֙** דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת
**wayyaqom** 'adoneyha babboqer **wayyiftah** dalthoth habbayith
**and-he-rose-up** her-lord in-the-morning **and-he-opened** doors-of the-house
Her master **rose up** in the morning **and opened** the doors of the house
- -* GEN 1:28 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹהִים֒ **וַיֹּ֨אמֶר** לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים
wayvarekh 'otham 'elohim wayyomer lahem 'elohim
**And-he-blessed** them God **and-he-said** to-them God
God **blessed** them **and** God **said** to them
- - -------------------------------------------- - -*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé & Kroeze, p.165-167; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 111.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/title.md b/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6cc2c63..0000000 --- a/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb Sequential Imperfect \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst b/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08579cf --- /dev/null +++ b/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst @@ -0,0 +1,4259 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst + +.. _verb_sequential_perfect: + +Verb Sequential Perfect +======================= + +Summary +------- + +A verb with sequential suffix conjugation functions generally like a +verb with *prefix conjugation*, but it also connects to some earlier +verb to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. + +Article +------- + +The Sequential Suffix Conjugation looks very similar to the normal +:ref:`verb_perfect`, +but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. The +Sequential Suffix Conjugation takes the same verbal endings as the +normal Suffix Conjugation but includes the +:ref:`conjunction` +*waw* (וְ "and") as a prefix. A Sequential Suffix Conjugation +:ref:`verb` +does not function like a normal Suffix Conjugation verb. Rather, it +functions more like an *`Prefix Conjugation `__* verb, but with +the added sense of being connected to an earlier verb to form a sequence +of time or a sequence of thought in narrative texts. In poetic texts +this verb form can be understood in a variety of other ways as well. +Sequential Suffix Conjugation verbs often appear in a series following a +clause with a Prefix Conjugation verb. + +There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) +the :ref:`verb_perfect-perfect-copulative-perfect-with-a-conjunction`, +and (3) the normal Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction. (1) and (2) +have an identical form, including the vocalization, so the reader must +determine from the context which one is being used in any given +instance. (1) is also different than (3), although they can have similar +meanings. The Sequential Suffix Conjugation ((1) above) forms a sequence +with the verb in the clause before it, but the normal Prefix Conjugation +((3) above) with the conjunction does not. + +Form +---- + +**Qal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatlah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatlu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וּקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +uqetaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וּקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +uqetalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקָטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqatalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Niphal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weniqtaltenu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will be killed + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hiphil** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטִיל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtil + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטִילָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtilah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטִילוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtilu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehiqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will cause to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hophal** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטְלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטְלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהָקְטַלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehoqtalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will be caused to kill + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Piel** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטֵּל / וְקִטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittel / weqittal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקִטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +weqittalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will slaughter + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Pual** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְקֻטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wequttalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will be slaughtered + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +**Hithpael** + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Parsing + +.. raw:: html + + + +Hebrew + +.. raw:: html + + + +Transliteration + +.. raw:: html + + + +Gloss + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטֵּל + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattal + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) he will kill himself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטְּלָה + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattelah + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) she will kill herself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתָּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalta + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine singular second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתְּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalt + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common singular first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתִּי + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalti + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) I will kill myself + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural third person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטְּלוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattelu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) they will kill themselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +masculine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּם + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattaltem + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +feminine plural second person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּן + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalten + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) you will kill yourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +common plural first person + +.. raw:: html + + + +וְהִתְקַטַּלְנוּ + +.. raw:: html + + + +wehithqattalnu + +.. raw:: html + + + +(and) we will kill ourselves + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Function +-------- + +The sequential suffix conjugation can indicate any one of many different +kinds of actions: + +Incomplete actions, in present or future time +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- JER 43:12 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהִצַּ֣תִּי אֵ֗שׁ בְּבָתֵּי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wehitsatti** 'esh bevottey 'elohe mitsrayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-I-will-kindle** fire in-houses-of gods-of Egypt + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Then I will light** a fire in the temples of Egypt's gods. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +In poetry it can take on a variety of functions, here it clearly +continues the previous :ref:`verb_imperfect`. +It signals a :ref:`verb_imperfect-frequentive-or-durative-actions` +that is not (never) completed. \* PSA 90:6 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +בַּ֭בֹּקֶר יָצִ֣יץ **וְחָלָ֑ף** לָ֝עֶ֗רֶב יְמוֹלֵ֥ל **וְיָבֵֽשׁ**\ ׃ + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +babboqer yatsits **wehalaf** la'erev yemolel **weyavesh** + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +in-the-morning it-blossoms **and-it-renews** at-the-evening it-withers +**and-it-dries** + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +In the morning it blooms **and grows up**; in the evening it withers +**and dries up**. + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Frequentive or durative actions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a +specified timeframe. \* 1SA 5:7 + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +וַיִּרְא֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד כִּֽי־כֵ֑ן וְאָמְר֗וּ + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +wayyir'u 'anshe-'ashdod ki-khen **we'omru** + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +and-they-saw men-of\_Ashdod that\_thus **and-they-were-saying** + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +When the men of Ashdod realized what was happening, **they said** + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Direct or indirect commands +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- 2SA 7:5 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with + :ref:`verb_imperative` + meaning + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + לֵ֤ךְ **וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙** אֶל־עַבְדִּ֣י אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + lekh **we'amarta** 'el-'avdi 'el-dawid + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + go **and-say** to\_my-servant to\_David + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Go **and tell** David my servant + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- GEN 31:44 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with + :ref:`verb_jussive` + meaning + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהָיָ֥ה לְעֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wehayah** le'ed beni uvenekha + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-let-it-be** for-a-witness between-me and-between-you + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and let it be** for a witness between you and me. + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Imaginary, possible, or conditional actions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +- EXO 21:20 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְכִֽי־יַכֶּה֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּ֜וֹ א֤וֹ אֶת־אֲמָתוֹ֙ בַּשֵּׁ֔בֶט + וּמֵ֖ת + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wekhi-yakkeh 'ish 'eth-'avdo 'o 'eth-'amatho bashevet **umeth** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-if\_he-strikes man [dir.obj]\_his-servant or + [dir.obj]\_his-female-servant with-the-rod **and-he-dies** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + If a man hits his male servant or his female servant with a staff, + **and if the servant dies** + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Actions of greater or lesser desirability +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, +assurances, wishes, etc. \* RUT 2:7 – Sequential suffix conjugation +translated with cohortative meaning + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ **וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י** בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +'alaqotah-nna' **we'asafti** vo'omarim + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +let-me-glean\_oh **and-let-me-gather** among-the-reapers + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +Please let me glean **and gather** after the reapers. + +.. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference +Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé & Kroeze, p.168-171; and* Hebrew +Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 112.* diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_perfect/01.md b/content/verb_sequential_perfect/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0e94ec4..0000000 --- a/content/verb_sequential_perfect/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -A verb with sequential suffix conjugation functions generally like a verb with *prefix conjugation*, but it also connects to some earlier verb to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_perfect/02.md b/content/verb_sequential_perfect/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1590de1..0000000 --- a/content/verb_sequential_perfect/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,318 +0,0 @@ -## Article -The Sequential Suffix Conjugation looks very similar to the normal [Suffix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md), but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. The Sequential Suffix Conjugation takes the same verbal endings as the normal Suffix Conjugation but includes the [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Dohttps://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.mdor43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md#) *waw* (וְ "and") as a prefix. A Sequential Suffix Conjugation [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) does not function like a normal Suffix Conjugation verb. Rather, it functions more like an *[Prefix Conjugation](http://)* verb, but with the added sense of being connected to an earlier verb to form a sequence of time or a sequence of thought in narrative texts. In poetic texts this verb form can be understood in a variety of other ways as well. Sequential Suffix Conjugation verbs often appear in a series following a clause with a Prefix Conjugation verb. - -There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [normal Suffix Conjugation with the conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md#perfect-copulative-perfect-with-a-conjunction), and (3) the normal Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction. (1) and (2) have an identical form, including the vocalization, so the reader must determine from the context which one is being used in any given instance. (1) is also different than (3), although they can have similar meanings. The Sequential Suffix Conjugation ((1) above) forms a sequence with the verb in the clause before it, but the normal Prefix Conjugation ((3) above) with the conjunction does not. - - -## Form - -**Qal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקָטַלweqatal(and) he will kill
feminine singular third personוְקָטְלָהweqatlah(and) she will kill
masculine singular second personוְקָטַלְתָּweqatalta(and) you will kill
feminine singular second personוְקָטַלְתְּweqatalt(and) you will kill
common singular first personוְקָטַלְתִּיweqatalti(and) I will kill
common plural third personוְקָטְלוּweqatlu(and) they will kill
masculine plural second personוּקְטַלְתֶּםuqetaltem(and) you will kill
feminine plural second personוּקְטַלְתֶּןuqetalten(and) you will kill
common plural first personוְקָטַלְנוּweqatalnu(and) we will kill
- -**Niphal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְנִקְטַלweniqtal(and) he will be killed
feminine singular third personוְנִקְטְלָהweniqtelah(and) she will be killed
masculine singular second personוְנִקְטַלְתָּweniqtalta(and) you will be killed
feminine singular second personוְנִקְטַלְתְּweniqtalt(and) you will be killed
common singular first personוְנִקְטַלְתִּיweniqtalti(and) I will be killed
common plural third personוְנִקְטְלוּweniqtelu(and) they will be killed
masculine plural second personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּםweniqtaltem(and) you will be killed
feminine plural second personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּןweniqtalten(and) you will be killed
common plural first personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּweniqtaltenu(and) we will be killed
- -**Hiphil** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהִקְטִילwehiqtil(and) he will cause to kill
feminine singular third personוְהִקְטִילָהwehiqtilah(and) she will cause to kill
masculine singular second personוְהִקְטַלְתָּwehiqtalta(and) you will cause to kill
feminine singular second personוְהִקְטַלְתְּwehiqtalt(and) you will cause to kill
common singular first personוְהִקְטַלְתִּיwehiqtalti(and) I will cause to kill
common plural third personוְהִקְטִילוּwehiqtilu(and) they will cause to kill
masculine plural second personוְהִקְטַלְתֶּםwehiqtaltem(and) you will cause to kill
feminine plural second personוְהִקְטַלְתֶּןwehiqtalten(and) you will cause to kill
common plural first personוְהִקְטַלְנוּwehiqtalnu(and) we will cause to kill
- -**Hophal** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהָקְטַלwehoqtal(and) he will be caused to kill
feminine singular third personוְהָקְטְלָהwehoqtelah(and) she will be caused to kill
masculine singular second personוְהָקְטַלְתָּwehoqtalta(and) you will be caused to kill
feminine singular second personוְהָקְטַלְתְּwehoqtalt(and) you will be caused to kill
common singular first personוְהָקְטַלְתִּיwehoqtalti(and) I will be caused to kill
common plural third personוְהָקְטְלוּwehoqtelu(and) they will be caused to kill
masculine plural second personוְהָקְטַלְתֶּםwehoqtaltem(and) you will be caused to kill
feminine plural second personוְהָקְטַלְתֶּןwehoqtalten(and) you will be caused to kill
common plural first personוְהָקְטַלְנוּwehoqtalnu(and) we will be caused to kill
- -**Piel** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקִטֵּל / וְקִטַּלweqittel / weqittal(and) he will slaughter
feminine singular third personוְקִטְּלָהweqittelah(and) she will slaughter
masculine singular second personוְקִטַּלְתָּweqittalta(and) you will slaughter
feminine singular second personוְקִטַּלְתְּweqittalt(and) you will slaughter
common singular first personוְקִטַּלְתִּיweqittalti(and) I will slaughter
common plural third personוְקִטְּלוּweqittelu(and) they will slaughter
masculine plural second personוְקִטַּלְתֶּםweqittaltem(and) you will slaughter
feminine plural second personוְקִטַּלְתֶּןweqittalten(and) you will slaughter
common plural first personוְקִטַּלְנוּweqittalnu(and) we will slaughter
- -**Pual** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקֻטַּלwequttal(and) he will be slaughtered
feminine singular third personוְקֻטְּלָהwequttelah(and) she will be slaughtered
masculine singular second personוְקֻטַּלְתָּwequttalta(and) you will be slaughtered
feminine singular second personוְקֻטַּלְתְּwequttalt(and) you will be slaughtered
common singular first personוְקֻטַּלְתִּיwequttalti(and) I will be slaughtered
common plural third personוְקֻטְּלוּwequttelu(and) they will be slaughtered
masculine plural second personוְקֻטַּלְתֶּםwequttaltem(and) you will be slaughtered
feminine plural second personוְקֻטַּלְתֶּןwequttalten(and) you will be slaughtered
common plural first personוְקֻטַּלְנוּwequttalnu(and) we will be slaughtered
- -**Hithpael** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהִתְקַטֵּלwehithqattal(and) he will kill himself
feminine singular third personוְהִתְקַטְּלָהwehithqattelah(and) she will kill herself
masculine singular second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתָּwehithqattalta(and) you will kill yourself
feminine singular second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתְּwehithqattalt(and) you will kill yourself
common singular first personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתִּיwehithqattalti(and) I will kill myself
common plural third personוְהִתְקַטְּלוּwehithqattelu(and) they will kill themselves
masculine plural second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּםwehithqattaltem(and) you will kill yourselves
feminine plural second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּןwehithqattalten(and) you will kill yourselves
common plural first personוְהִתְקַטַּלְנוּwehithqattalnu(and) we will kill ourselves
- -## Function - -The sequential suffix conjugation can indicate any one of many different kinds of actions: - -### Incomplete actions, in present or future time -* JER 43:12 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהִצַּ֣תִּי אֵ֗שׁ בְּבָתֵּי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם
**wehitsatti** 'esh bevottey 'elohe mitsrayim
**and-I-will-kindle** fire in-houses-of gods-of Egypt
**Then I will light** a fire in the temples of Egypt's gods.
- -In poetry it can take on a variety of functions, here it clearly continues the previous [prefix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md). It signals a [continual or habitual action](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md#frequentive-or-durative-actions) that is not (never) completed. -* PSA 90:6 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
בַּ֭בֹּקֶר יָצִ֣יץ **וְחָלָ֑ף** לָ֝עֶ֗רֶב יְמוֹלֵ֥ל **וְיָבֵֽשׁ**׃
babboqer yatsits **wehalaf** la'erev yemolel **weyavesh**
in-the-morning it-blossoms **and-it-renews** at-the-evening it-withers **and-it-dries**
In the morning it blooms **and grows up**; in the evening it withers **and dries up**.
- -### Frequentive or durative actions -These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a specified timeframe. -* 1SA 5:7 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּרְא֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד כִּֽי־כֵ֑ן וְאָמְר֗וּ
wayyir'u 'anshe-'ashdod ki-khen **we'omru**
and-they-saw men-of_Ashdod that_thus **and-they-were-saying**
When the men of Ashdod realized what was happening, **they said**
- -### Direct or indirect commands -* 2SA 7:5 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with [imperative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md) meaning - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֵ֤ךְ **וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙** אֶל־עַבְדִּ֣י אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד
lekh **we'amarta** 'el-'avdi 'el-dawid
go **and-say** to_my-servant to_David
Go **and tell** David my servant
- -* GEN 31:44 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with [jussive](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_jussive/02.md) meaning - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָיָ֥ה לְעֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ
**wehayah** le'ed beni uvenekha
**and-let-it-be** for-a-witness between-me and-between-you
**and let it be** for a witness between you and me.
- -### Imaginary, possible, or conditional actions -* EXO 21:20 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְכִֽי־יַכֶּה֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּ֜וֹ א֤וֹ אֶת־אֲמָתוֹ֙ בַּשֵּׁ֔בֶט וּמֵ֖ת
wekhi-yakkeh 'ish 'eth-'avdo 'o 'eth-'amatho bashevet **umeth**
and-if_he-strikes man [dir.obj]_his-servant or [dir.obj]_his-female-servant with-the-rod **and-he-dies**
If a man hits his male servant or his female servant with a staff, **and if the servant dies**
- -### Actions of greater or lesser desirability -These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. -* RUT 2:7 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with cohortative meaning - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ **וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י** בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים
'alaqotah-nna' **we'asafti** vo'omarim
let-me-glean_oh **and-let-me-gather** among-the-reapers
Please let me glean **and gather** after the reapers.
- - -------------------------------------------- - -*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé & Kroeze, p.168-171; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 112.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_perfect/title.md b/content/verb_sequential_perfect/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0c7e0c9..0000000 --- a/content/verb_sequential_perfect/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Verb Sequential Perfect \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/word_order.rst b/content/word_order.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3516035 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/word_order.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1108 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/word_order.rst + +.. _word_order: + +Word Order +========== + +Summary +------- + +In Biblical Hebrew the verb normally comes first in a sentence or +clause. In cases where another grammatical element precedes the verb, +especially the subject, the context must determine whether or not a new +narrative or section of text is being introduced, or whether or not the +narrator is introducing a break in the narrative. + +Article +------- + +In verbal sentences (that is, sentences with a verb), the structure of +the sentence in Biblical Hebrew is: (1) the +:ref:`verb`, +in first position; (2) the subject, in second position; (3) the object, +in third position. Other grammatical elements such as +:ref:`adverb`, +prepositional phrases, discourse +:ref:`particle`, +etc. can be inserted at various points within that general sentence +structure. In most cases, variations from the standard word order are +for literary reasons or to add some emphasis (usually on the word moved +to the beginning of the sentence), but this does not fundamentally +change the meaning. Sometimes however, if a grammatical element (often +the subject) is placed before the verb, it has implications for the +general structure of a narrative and/or how to best divide up the text +in smaller blocks. In these cases, the context must determine whether +this introduces a new narrative or section of text, or if it indicates a +break in the narrative. + +Poetic portions of the Hebrew Bible generally not follow the standard +structure for several reasons. For example, they use a lot of nominal +sentences that do not have a verb, they use parallelisms where the same +thought is repeated twice, as well as other poetic tools. + +The standard word order +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +- GEN 1:4 – with a direct object + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאֹ֖ור + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyar 'elohim 'eth-ha'owr + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-saw God [dir.obj]\_the-light + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and God saw the light + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- EXO 9:1 – with an indirect object + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyomer yehwah 'el-mosheh + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-said Yahweh to\_Moses + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + And Yahweh said to Moses + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Deviation with no change in meaning +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Not indicating a break in the narrative, because here the deviation +happens in the middle of a sentence. + +- GEN 1:5 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם **וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ** קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyiqra 'elohim la'or yom **welahoshekh** qara laylah + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-he-called God to-the-light day **and-to-the-darkness** he-called + night + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + God called the light "day," **and the darkness** he called "night." + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2KI 3:22 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר **וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ** זָרְחָ֣ה עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + wayyashkimu vabboqer **wehashemesh** zorhah 'al-hammayim + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + and-they-rose-early in-the-morning **and-the-sun** had-risen + over\_the-waters + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + They awakened early in the morning **and the sun** reflected on the + water + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Introducing a new narrative or section of text +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Though it is common to begin a book or major portion of a book with the +:ref:`verb_sequential_imperfect`, +it is also possible to put the subject of the first sentence at the +beginning of the book. + +- JOB 1:1 – indicating a new narrative + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + אִ֛ישׁ הָיָ֥ה בְאֶֽרֶץ־ע֖וּץ אִיּ֣וֹב שְׁמ֑וֹ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **'ish** hayah ve'erets-'uts 'iyyov shemo + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **man** there-was in-land-of\_Uz Job his-name + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + There was **a man** in the land of Uz whose name was Job + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2KI 3:4 – indicating a new section of text + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וּמֵישַׁ֥ע מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָ֖ב הָיָ֣ה נֹקֵ֑ד + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **umesha' melekh-mo'av** hayah noqed + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-Mesha king-of\_Moab** was sheep-breeder + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + Now **Mesha king of Moab** bred sheep + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +A subject placed before the verb can also indicate a new, smaller +section of a narrative, or a continuation after there has been a short +break in the narrative. + +- 2SA 19:11 – indicating a new section of a narrative + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־צָד֨וֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר + הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wehammelekh dawid** shalah 'el-tsadoq we'el-'evyathar hakkohanim + lemor + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-the-king David** sent to\_Zadok and-to\_Abiathar the-priests + saying + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **King David** sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests saying + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 18:19 – indicating a continuation after a break in the narrative + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וַאֲחִימַ֤עַץ בֶּן־צָדוֹק֙ אָמַ֔ר + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wa'ahima'ats** ben-tsadoq 'amar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-Ahimaaz** son-of\_Zadok he-said + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Then Ahimaaz** son of Zadok said + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +Indicating a small break in the narrative +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Sometimes a grammatical element (usually the subject) placed before the +verb can indicate a break in the narrative action to provide the reader +with some extra information about the story being told. Usually, these +instances will be clearly discerned from the context. + +- 2KI 3:21 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְכָל־מוֹאָב֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ הַמְּלָכִ֖ים לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **wekhol-mo'av** shame'u ki-'alu hammelakhim lehillahem bam + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-all\_of-Moab** they-heard that\_they-came the-kings to-fight + against-them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now** when **all the Moabites** heard that the kings had come to + fight against them + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +- 2SA 18:18 + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + + + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב־ל֤וֹ בְחַיָּו אֶת־מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙ + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **we'avshalom** laqah wayyatsev-lo vehayyaw 'eth-matseveth + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **and-Absalom** had-taken and-he-built\_for-him in-his-life + [dir.obj]\_pillar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ + **Now Absalom**, while still alive, had built for himself a large + stone pillar + + .. raw:: html + +
+ +-------------- + +*Information in this article is taken from: 'Fronting: Biblical Hebrew', +by van der Merwe, in the* Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and +Linguistics, *p.931-935; and* Biblical Grammar, *by Gesenius, section +142.* diff --git a/content/word_order/01.md b/content/word_order/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 73c6259..0000000 --- a/content/word_order/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -## Summary -In Biblical Hebrew the verb normally comes first in a sentence or clause. In cases where another grammatical element precedes the verb, especially the subject, the context must determine whether or not a new narrative or section of text is being introduced, or whether or not the narrator is introducing a break in the narrative. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/word_order/02.md b/content/word_order/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9f2fcdb..0000000 --- a/content/word_order/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,194 +0,0 @@ -## Article - -In verbal sentences (that is, sentences with a verb), the structure of the sentence in Biblical Hebrew is: (1) the [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md), in first position; (2) the subject, in second position; (3) the object, in third position. Other grammatical elements such as [adjectives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adjective/02.md), [adverbs](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/adverb/02.md), prepositional phrases, discourse [particles](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle/02.md), etc. can be inserted at various points within that general sentence structure. In most cases, variations from the standard word order are for literary reasons or to add some emphasis (usually on the word moved to the beginning of the sentence), but this does not fundamentally change the meaning. Sometimes however, if a grammatical element (often the subject) is placed before the verb, it has implications for the general structure of a narrative and/or how to best divide up the text in smaller blocks. In these cases, the context must determine whether this introduces a new narrative or section of text, or if it indicates a break in the narrative. - -Poetic portions of the Hebrew Bible generally not follow the standard structure for several reasons. For example, they use a lot of nominal sentences that do not have a verb, they use parallelisms where the same thought is repeated twice, as well as other poetic tools. - -#### The standard word order - -* GEN 1:4 – with a direct object - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאֹ֖ור
wayyar 'elohim 'eth-ha'owr
and-he-saw God [dir.obj]_the-light
and God saw the light
- -* EXO 9:1 – with an indirect object - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה
wayyomer yehwah 'el-mosheh
and-he-said Yahweh to_Moses
And Yahweh said to Moses
- -#### Deviation with no change in meaning - -Not indicating a break in the narrative, because here the deviation happens in the middle of a sentence. - -* GEN 1:5 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם **וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ** קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה
wayyiqra 'elohim la'or yom **welahoshekh** qara laylah
and-he-called God to-the-light day **and-to-the-darkness** he-called night
God called the light "day," **and the darkness** he called "night."
- -* 2KI 3:22 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר **וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ** זָרְחָ֣ה עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם
wayyashkimu vabboqer **wehashemesh** zorhah 'al-hammayim
and-they-rose-early in-the-morning **and-the-sun** had-risen over_the-waters
They awakened early in the morning **and the sun** reflected on the water
- -#### Introducing a new narrative or section of text - -Though it is common to begin a book or major portion of a book with the [sequential prefix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/02.md), it is also possible to put the subject of the first sentence at the beginning of the book. - -* JOB 1:1 – indicating a new narrative - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
אִ֛ישׁ הָיָ֥ה בְאֶֽרֶץ־ע֖וּץ אִיּ֣וֹב שְׁמ֑וֹ
**'ish** hayah ve'erets-'uts 'iyyov shemo
**man** there-was in-land-of_Uz Job his-name
There was **a man** in the land of Uz whose name was Job
- -* 2KI 3:4 – indicating a new section of text - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וּמֵישַׁ֥ע מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָ֖ב הָיָ֣ה נֹקֵ֑ד
**umesha' melekh-mo'av** hayah noqed
**and-Mesha king-of_Moab** was sheep-breeder
Now **Mesha king of Moab** bred sheep
- -A subject placed before the verb can also indicate a new, smaller section of a narrative, or a continuation after there has been a short break in the narrative. - -* 2SA 19:11 – indicating a new section of a narrative - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־צָד֨וֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒
**wehammelekh dawid** shalah 'el-tsadoq we'el-'evyathar hakkohanim lemor
**and-the-king David** sent to_Zadok and-to_Abiathar the-priests saying
**King David** sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests saying
- -* 2SA 18:19 – indicating a continuation after a break in the narrative - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וַאֲחִימַ֤עַץ בֶּן־צָדוֹק֙ אָמַ֔ר
**wa'ahima'ats** ben-tsadoq 'amar
**and-Ahimaaz** son-of_Zadok he-said
**Then Ahimaaz** son of Zadok said
- -#### Indicating a small break in the narrative - -Sometimes a grammatical element (usually the subject) placed before the verb can indicate a break in the narrative action to provide the reader with some extra information about the story being told. Usually, these instances will be clearly discerned from the context. - -* 2KI 3:21 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְכָל־מוֹאָב֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ הַמְּלָכִ֖ים לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם
**wekhol-mo'av** shame'u ki-'alu hammelakhim lehillahem bam
**and-all_of-Moab** they-heard that_they-came the-kings to-fight against-them
**Now** when **all the Moabites** heard that the kings had come to fight against them
- -* 2SA 18:18 - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב־ל֤וֹ בְחַיָּו אֶת־מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙
**we'avshalom** laqah wayyatsev-lo vehayyaw 'eth-matseveth
**and-Absalom** had-taken and-he-built_for-him in-his-life [dir.obj]_pillar
**Now Absalom**, while still alive, had built for himself a large stone pillar
- -------------------- -*Information in this article is taken from: 'Fronting: Biblical Hebrew', by van der Merwe, in the* Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, *p.931-935; and* Biblical Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 142.* diff --git a/content/word_order/title.md b/content/word_order/title.md deleted file mode 100644 index 961e471..0000000 --- a/content/word_order/title.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Word Order \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manifest.yaml b/manifest.yaml index 58aa431..994057b 100644 --- a/manifest.yaml +++ b/manifest.yaml @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ dublin_core: - 'Daniel Bowman' creator: 'Door43 World Missions Community' description: 'An open-licensed Hebrew grammar (reference first, eventually for teaching), providing information about Hebrew grammatical elements. It enables the global Church to gain the best possible understanding of the grammar of the original texts of the Old Testament.' - format: 'text/markdown' + format: 'text/x-rst' identifier: 'uhg' issued: '2018-01-26' language: