diff --git a/content/verb_imperfect/02.md b/content/verb_imperfect/02.md index dd79dc6..5c5165c 100644 --- a/content/verb_imperfect/02.md +++ b/content/verb_imperfect/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -# verb_Sequential_Suffix_Conjugation Article -The Sequential Suffix Conjugation looks very similar to the normal [Suffix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md), but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. The Sequential Suffix Conjugation takes the same verbal endings as the normal Suffix Conjugation but includes the [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Dohttps://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.mdor43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md#) *waw* (וְ "and") as a prefix. A Sequential Suffix Conjugation [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) does not function like a normal Suffix Conjugation verb. Rather, it functions more like an *[Prefix Conjugation](http://)* verb, but with the added sense of being connected to an earlier verb to form a sequence of time or a sequence of thought in narrative texts. In poetic texts this verb form can be understood in a variety of other ways as well. Sequential Suffix Conjugation verbs often appear in a series following a clause with a Prefix Conjugation verb. - -There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [normal Suffix Conjugation with the conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_perfect/02.md#perfect-copulative-perfect-with-a-conjunction), and (3) the normal Prefix Conjugation with the conjunction. (1) and (2) have an identical form, including the vocalization, so the reader must determine from the context which one is being used in any given instance. (1) is also different than (3), although they can have similar meanings. The Sequential Suffix Conjugation ((1) above) forms a sequence with the verb in the clause before it, but the normal Prefix Conjugation ((3) above) with the conjunction does not. +# verb_Prefix_Conjugation Article +In Biblical Hebrew the Prefix Conjugation is used generally to describe actions that are not completed or actions that occur in the present or future. However, the Prefix Conjugation is also used to describe several other kinds of actions as determined by the context. These include frequentive or durative actions, negative commands, indirect commands, potential actions, and actions of greater or lesser desirability (similar to [jussives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_jussive/02.md) and [cohortatives](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_cohortative/02.md)). +The normal Prefix Conjugation with the [conjunction](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/conjunction/02.md#) *waw* (וְ "and") as a prefix is different from the [Sequential Prefix Conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_sequential_imperfect/02.md), which utilizes a specialized form of the conjunction and contains a different meaning. Sometimes a [verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md) with Prefix Conjugation occurs within a clause after another [finite verb](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb/02.md#finite-verbs) (as in Gen 49:27 below, supplying the linking verb *to be*). In these cases, the context must determine whether the Prefix Conjugation verb is complementing the main verb or whether it is communicating its own verbal idea. ## Form @@ -10,23 +9,25 @@ There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [no - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + +
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקָטַלweqatal(and) he will kill
masculine singular third personיִקְטֹלyiqtolhe will kill
feminine singular third personוְקָטְלָהweqatlah(and) she will kill
feminine singular third personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolshe will kill
masculine singular second personוְקָטַלְתָּweqatalta(and) you will kill
masculine singular second personתִּקְטֹלtiqtolyou will kill
feminine singular second personוְקָטַלְתְּweqatalt(and) you will kill
feminine singular second personתִּקְטְלִיtiqteliyou will kill
common singular first personוְקָטַלְתִּיweqatalti(and) I will kill
common singular first personאֶקְטֹל'eqtolI will kill
common plural third personוְקָטְלוּweqatlu(and) they will kill
masculine plural third personיִקְטְלוּyiqteluthey will kill
masculine plural second personוּקְטַלְתֶּםuqetaltem(and) you will kill
feminine plural third personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahthey will kill
feminine plural second personוּקְטַלְתֶּןuqetalten(and) you will kill
masculine plural second personתִּקְטְלוּtiqteluyou will kill
common plural first personוְקָטַלְנוּweqatalnu(and) we will kill
feminine plural second personתִּקְטֹלְנָהtiqtolenahyou will kill
common plural first personנִקְטֹלniqtolwe will kill
@@ -35,23 +36,25 @@ There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [no - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + +
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְנִקְטַלweniqtal(and) he will be killed
masculine singular third personיִקָּטֵלyiqqatelhe will be killed
feminine singular third personוְנִקְטְלָהweniqtelah(and) she will be killed
feminine singular third personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelshe will be killed
masculine singular second personוְנִקְטַלְתָּweniqtalta(and) you will be killed
masculine singular second personתִּקָּטֵלtiqqatelyou will be killed
feminine singular second personוְנִקְטַלְתְּweniqtalt(and) you will be killed
feminine singular second personתִּקָּטְלִיtiqqatliyou will be killed
common singular first personוְנִקְטַלְתִּיweniqtalti(and) I will be killed
common singular first personאֶקָּטֵל'eqqatelI will be killed
common plural third personוְנִקְטְלוּweniqtelu(and) they will be killed
masculine plural third personיִקָּטְלוּyiqqatluthey will be killed
masculine plural second personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּםweniqtaltem(and) you will be killed
feminine plural third personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahthey will be killed
feminine plural second personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּןweniqtalten(and) you will be killed
masculine plural second personתִּקָּטְלוּtiqqatluyou will be killed
common plural first personוְנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּweniqtaltenu(and) we will be killed
feminine plural second personתִּקָּטַלְנָהtiqqatalnahyou will be killed
common plural first personנִקָּטֵלniqqatelwe will be killed
@@ -60,23 +63,25 @@ There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [no - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + +
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהִקְטִילwehiqtil(and) he will cause to kill
masculine singular third personיַקְטִילyaqtilhe will cause to kill
feminine singular third personוְהִקְטִילָהwehiqtilah(and) she will cause to kill
feminine singular third personתַּקְטִילtaqtilshe will cause to kill
masculine singular second personוְהִקְטַלְתָּwehiqtalta(and) you will cause to kill
masculine singular second personתַּקְטִילtaqtilyou will cause to kill
feminine singular second personוְהִקְטַלְתְּwehiqtalt(and) you will cause to kill
feminine singular second personתַּקְטִילִיtaqtiliyou will cause to kill
common singular first personוְהִקְטַלְתִּיwehiqtalti(and) I will cause to kill
common singular first personאַקְטִיל'aqtilI will cause to kill
common plural third personוְהִקְטִילוּwehiqtilu(and) they will cause to kill
masculine plural third personיַקְטִילוּyaqtiluthey will cause to kill
masculine plural second personוְהִקְטַלְתֶּםwehiqtaltem(and) you will cause to kill
feminine plural third personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahthey will cause to kill
feminine plural second personוְהִקְטַלְתֶּןwehiqtalten(and) you will cause to kill
masculine plural second personתַּקְטִילוּtaqtiluyou will cause to kill
common plural first personוְהִקְטַלְנוּwehiqtalnu(and) we will cause to kill
feminine plural second personתַּקְטֵלְנָהtaqtelenahyou will cause to kill
common plural first personנַקְטִילnaqtilwe will cause to kill
@@ -85,23 +90,25 @@ There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [no - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + +
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהָקְטַלwehoqtal(and) he will be caused to kill
masculine singular third personיָקְטַלyoqtalhe will be caused to kill
feminine singular third personוְהָקְטְלָהwehoqtelah(and) she will be caused to kill
feminine singular third personתָּקְטַלtoqtalshe will be caused to kill
masculine singular second personוְהָקְטַלְתָּwehoqtalta(and) you will be caused to kill
masculine singular second personתָּקְטַלtoqtalyou will be caused to kill
feminine singular second personוְהָקְטַלְתְּwehoqtalt(and) you will be caused to kill
feminine singular second personתָּקְטְלִיtoqteliyou will be caused to kill
common singular first personוְהָקְטַלְתִּיwehoqtalti(and) I will be caused to kill
common singular first personאָקְטַל'oqtalI will be caused to kill
common plural third personוְהָקְטְלוּwehoqtelu(and) they will be caused to kill
masculine plural third personיָקְטְלוּyoqteluthey will be caused to kill
masculine plural second personוְהָקְטַלְתֶּםwehoqtaltem(and) you will be caused to kill
feminine plural third personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahthey will be caused to kill
feminine plural second personוְהָקְטַלְתֶּןwehoqtalten(and) you will be caused to kill
masculine plural second personתָּקְטְלוּtoqteluyou will be caused to kill
common plural first personוְהָקְטַלְנוּwehoqtalnu(and) we will be caused to kill
feminine plural second personתָּקְטַלְנָהtoqtalnahyou will be caused to kill
common plural first personנָקְטַלnoqtalwe will be caused to kill
@@ -110,23 +117,25 @@ There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [no - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + +
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקִטֵּל / וְקִטַּלweqittel / weqittal(and) he will slaughter
masculine singular third personיְקַטֵּלyiqattelhe will slaughter
feminine singular third personוְקִטְּלָהweqittelah(and) she will slaughter
feminine singular third personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelshe will slaughter
masculine singular second personוְקִטַּלְתָּweqittalta(and) you will slaughter
masculine singular second personתְּקַטֵּלtiqattelyou will slaughter
feminine singular second personוְקִטַּלְתְּweqittalt(and) you will slaughter
feminine singular second personתְּקַטְּלִיtiqatteliyou will slaughter
common singular first personוְקִטַּלְתִּיweqittalti(and) I will slaughter
common singular first personאֲקַטֵּל'eqattelI will slaughter
common plural third personוְקִטְּלוּweqittelu(and) they will slaughter
masculine plural third personיְקַטְּלוּyiqatteluthey will slaughter
masculine plural second personוְקִטַּלְתֶּםweqittaltem(and) you will slaughter
feminine plural third personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahthey will slaughter
feminine plural second personוְקִטַּלְתֶּןweqittalten(and) you will slaughter
masculine plural second personתְּקַטְּלוּtiqatteluyou will slaughter
common plural first personוְקִטַּלְנוּweqittalnu(and) we will slaughter
feminine plural second personתְּקַטַּלְנָהtiqattalnahyou will slaughter
common plural first personנְקַטֵּלniqattelwe will slaughter
@@ -135,23 +144,25 @@ There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [no - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + +
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְקֻטַּלwequttal(and) he will be slaughtered
masculine singular third personיְקֻטַּלyequttalhe will be slaughtered
feminine singular third personוְקֻטְּלָהwequttelah(and) she will be slaughtered
feminine singular third personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalshe will be slaughtered
masculine singular second personוְקֻטַּלְתָּwequttalta(and) you will be slaughtered
masculine singular second personתְּקֻטַּלtequttalyou will be slaughtered
feminine singular second personוְקֻטַּלְתְּwequttalt(and) you will be slaughtered
feminine singular second personתְּקֻטְּלִיtequtteliyou will be slaughtered
common singular first personוְקֻטַּלְתִּיwequttalti(and) I will be slaughtered
common singular first personאֲקֻטַּל'aquttalI will be slaughtered
common plural third personוְקֻטְּלוּwequttelu(and) they will be slaughtered
masculine plural third personיְקֻטְּלוּyequtteluthey will be slaughtered
masculine plural second personוְקֻטַּלְתֶּםwequttaltem(and) you will be slaughtered
feminine plural third personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahthey will be slaughtered
feminine plural second personוְקֻטַּלְתֶּןwequttalten(and) you will be slaughtered
masculine plural second personתְּקֻטְּלוּtequtteluyou will be slaughtered
common plural first personוְקֻטַּלְנוּwequttalnu(and) we will be slaughtered
feminine plural second personתְּקֻטַּלְנָהtequttalnahyou will be slaughtered
common plural first personנְקֻטַּלnequttalwe will be slaughtered
@@ -160,160 +171,166 @@ There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Suffix Conjugation, (2) the [no - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + + +
ParsingHebrewTransliterationGloss
masculine singular third personוְהִתְקַטֵּלwehithqattal(and) he will kill himself
masculine singular third personיִתְקַטֵּלyithqattelhe will kill himself
feminine singular third personוְהִתְקַטְּלָהwehithqattelah(and) she will kill herself
feminine singular third personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelshe will kill herself
masculine singular second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתָּwehithqattalta(and) you will kill yourself
masculine singular second personתִּתְקַטֵּלtithqattelyou will kill yourself
feminine singular second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתְּwehithqattalt(and) you will kill yourself
feminine singular second personתִּתְקַטְּלִיtithqatteliyou will kill yourself
common singular first personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתִּיwehithqattalti(and) I will kill myself
common singular first personאֶתְקַטֵּל'ethqattelI will kill myself
common plural third personוְהִתְקַטְּלוּwehithqattelu(and) they will kill themselves
masculine plural third personיִתְקַטְּלוּyithqatteluthey will kill themselves
masculine plural second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּםwehithqattaltem(and) you will kill yourselves
feminine plural third personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahthey will kill themselves
feminine plural second personוְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּןwehithqattalten(and) you will kill yourselves
masculine plural second personתִּתְקַטְּלוּtithqatteluyou will kill yourselves
common plural first personוְהִתְקַטַּלְנוּwehithqattalnu(and) we will kill ourselves
feminine plural second personתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָהtithqattelnahyou will kill yourselves
common plural first personנִתְקַטֵּלnithqattelwe will kill ourselves
## Function -The sequential suffix conjugation can indicate any one of many different kinds of actions: +The Prefix Conjugation can indicate any of the following kinds of actions: + +### Actions in future time + +* JER 43:13 + +++ + + + + + + + + + + +
וְאֶת־בָּתֵּ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽי־מִצְרַ֖יִם **יִשְׂרֹ֥ף** בָּאֵֽשׁ
we'eth-botte 'elohe-mitsrayim **yisrof** ba'esh
and-[dir.obj]_houses-of gods-of_Egypt **he-burns** in-the-fire
**He will burn** the temples of Egypt's gods.
+ +### Actions in present time + +* GEN 32:30 + +++ + + + + + + + + + + +
לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה **תִּשְׁאַ֣ל** לִשְׁמִ֑י
lammah zeh **tish'al** lishmi
why this **you-ask** for-my-name
Why is it that **you ask** my name?
+ +### Frequentive or durative actions +These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a specified time frame. + +* GEN 49:27 + +++ + + + + + + + + + + +
בִּנְיָמִין֙ זְאֵ֣ב יִטְרָ֔ף
binyamin ze'ev **yitraf**
Benjamin wolf **he-tears**
Benjamin is a **hungry** wolf.
-### Incomplete actions, in present or future time * JER 43:12 - + - + - + - +
וְהִצַּ֣תִּי אֵ֗שׁ בְּבָתֵּי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם
כַּאֲשֶׁר־**יַעְטֶ֤ה** הָֽרֹעֶה֙ אֶת־בִּגְד֔וֹ
**wehitsatti** 'esh bevottey 'elohe mitsrayim
ka'asher-**ya'teh** haro'eh 'eth-bigdo
**and-I-will-kindle** fire in-houses-of gods-of Egypt
as-how_**he-picks-clean** the-shepherd [dir.obj]_his-garment
**Then I will light** a fire in the temples of Egypt's gods.
just as shepherds **clean** vermin off their clothes
-In poetry it can take on a variety of functions, here it clearly continues the previous [prefix conjugation](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md). It signals a [continual or habitual action](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperfect/02.md#frequentive-or-durative-actions) that is not (never) completed. -* PSA 90:6 +### Direct negative commands (especially with [לֹא](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/particle_negative/02.md#-1) to express an emphatic prohibition) + +* JER 43:2 - + - + - + - +
בַּ֭בֹּקֶר יָצִ֣יץ **וְחָלָ֑ף** לָ֝עֶ֗רֶב יְמוֹלֵ֥ל **וְיָבֵֽשׁ**׃
לֹֽא־**תָבֹ֥אוּ** מִצְרַ֖יִם לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם
babboqer yatsits **wehalaf** la'erev yemolel **weyavesh**
lo-**thavo'u** mitsrayim lagur sham
in-the-morning it-blossoms **and-it-renews** at-the-evening it-withers **and-it-dries**
not_**you-go** Egypt to-sojourn there
In the morning it blooms **and grows up**; in the evening it withers **and dries up**.
Do not **go** to Egypt to live there.
-### Frequentive or durative actions -These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a specified timeframe. -* 1SA 5:7 +### Potential actions + +* PSA 23:4 - + - + - + - - - -
וַיִּרְא֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד כִּֽי־כֵ֑ן וְאָמְר֗וּ
גַּ֤ם כִּֽי־**אֵלֵ֨ךְ** בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת
wayyir'u 'anshe-'ashdod ki-khen **we'omru**
gam ki-**'elekh** bege tsalmaweth
and-they-saw men-of_Ashdod that_thus **and-they-were-saying**
even if_**I-walk** in-valley-of deep-darkness
When the men of Ashdod realized what was happening, **they said**
- -### Direct or indirect commands -* 2SA 7:5 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with [imperative](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_imperative/02.md) meaning - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
לֵ֤ךְ **וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙** אֶל־עַבְדִּ֣י אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד
lekh **we'amarta** 'el-'avdi 'el-dawid
go **and-say** to_my-servant to_David
Go **and tell** David my servant
- -* GEN 31:44 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with [jussive](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-uhg/src/master/content/verb_jussive/02.md) meaning - --- - - - - - - - - - - -
וְהָיָ֥ה לְעֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ
**wehayah** le'ed beni uvenekha
**and-let-it-be** for-a-witness between-me and-between-you
**and let it be** for a witness between you and me.
- -### Imaginary, possible, or conditional actions -* EXO 21:20 - --- - - - - - - - - +
וְכִֽי־יַכֶּה֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּ֜וֹ א֤וֹ אֶת־אֲמָתוֹ֙ בַּשֵּׁ֔בֶט וּמֵ֖ת
wekhi-yakkeh 'ish 'eth-'avdo 'o 'eth-'amatho bashevet **umeth**
and-if_he-strikes man [dir.obj]_his-servant or [dir.obj]_his-female-servant with-the-rod **and-he-dies**
If a man hits his male servant or his female servant with a staff, **and if the servant dies**
Even though **I walk** through a valley of darkest shadow
### Actions of greater or lesser desirability -These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. -* RUT 2:7 – Sequential suffix conjugation translated with cohortative meaning +These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. +* GEN 3:16 - + - + - + - +
אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ **וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י** בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים
מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן אָכֹ֥ל **תֹּאכֵֽל**׃
'alaqotah-nna' **we'asafti** vo'omarim
mikkol 'ets-haggan 'akhol **tokhel**
let-me-glean_oh **and-let-me-gather** among-the-reapers
from-every tree-of_the-garden eating **you-eat**
Please let me glean **and gather** after the reapers.
From every tree in the garden **you may** freely **eat**.
-------------------------------------------- +----- -*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé & Kroeze, p.168-171; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 112.* - +*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze (London: A&C Black, 1999), p.146-149; and* Hebrew Grammar, *by Gesenius, sections 107 and 120.* \ No newline at end of file