Joel's edits to UHG v.1 (#433)
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@ -54,12 +54,13 @@ Form
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Types
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-----
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In Biblical Hebrew, there are 11 general types of prepositions: spatial; temporal; locative; directional; instrumental;
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causal; explanatory; correlative (the primary use of כְּ); comparative (a common use of מִן);
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indirect object (a common use of לְ); and direct object (a rare use of לְ).
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In Biblical Hebrew, there are 11 general types of prepositions: indirect object; spatial; locative; temporal; instrumental;
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correlative; comparative; directional; causal; explanatory; and direct object.
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However, this are also other types of prepositions in Biblical Hebrew. The specific meanings of individual prepositions can
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be found in a dictionary or lexicon.
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.. _preposition-ind-obj:
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Indirect Object
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -80,6 +81,8 @@ When used in this way, the preposition is usually transated into English with "t
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And-she-said the-woman **to** _the-serpent
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The woman said **to** the serpent
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.. _preposition-spatial:
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Spatial
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~~~~~~~
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@ -100,6 +103,8 @@ This is a common use of the preposition בְּ.
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and-spirit-of God hovering **over**\ \_face-of the-waters
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The Spirit of God was moving **above** the surface of the waters.
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.. _preposition-locative:
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Locative
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~~~~~~~~
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@ -120,6 +125,8 @@ This is a common use of the prepositions אֶל and מִן.
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And-he-sent-him-away Yahweh God **from**-the-garden-of_Eden
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Therefore Yahweh God sent him out **from** the garden of Eden
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.. _preposition-temporal:
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Temporal
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~~~~~~~~
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@ -140,6 +147,8 @@ This is a common use of the preposition בְּ.
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**until** you-return to_the-ground
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**until** you return to the ground
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.. _preposition-instrumental:
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Instrumental
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -153,12 +162,14 @@ This is a common use of the preposition בְּ.
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**By**-sweat-of your-face you-will-eat break
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**By** the sweat of your face you will eat bread
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.. csv-table:: Gen 4:1 –– with the independent preposition ?
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.. csv-table:: GEN 4:1 –– with the independent preposition ?
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וַתֹּ֕אמֶר קָנִ֥יתִי אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה
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insert transliteration
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And-she-said I-acquired man **with**\_Yahweh
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She said "I have produced a man **with** Yahweh's help."
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She said "I have produced a man **with** Yahweh's help.
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.. _preposition-correlative:
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Correlative
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -166,7 +177,7 @@ Correlative
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Correlative prepositions are translated into English with terms such as "like", "as", "according to", etc.
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This is the primary use of the preposition כְּ.
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.. csv-table:: Gen 4:17 –– with the prefixed preposition כְּ
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.. csv-table:: GEN 4:17 –– with the prefixed preposition כְּ
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וַיִּקְרָא֙ שֵׁ֣ם הָעִ֔יר כְּשֵׁ֖ם בְּנ֥וֹ חֲנֽוֹךְ
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insert transliteration
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@ -180,6 +191,8 @@ This is the primary use of the preposition כְּ.
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And-he-went Abram **as**-what he-had-spoken to-him Yahweh
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So Abram went **as** Yahweh had told him to do
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.. _preposition-comparative:
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Comparative
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -200,13 +213,15 @@ This is a common use of the preposition מִן.
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And-serpent he-was shrewd **from**-all-of animals-of the-field
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Now the serpent was **more** shrewd **than** any other beast of the field
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.. _preposition-directional:
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Directional
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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Directional prepositions are translated into English with terms such as "to", "toward", etc.
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This is a common use of the preposition לְ.
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.. csv-table:: GEN 18:16 –– with the prefixed preposition בְּ
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.. csv-table:: ISA 51:6 –– with the prefixed preposition לְ
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שְׂאוּ֩ לַשָּׁמַ֨יִם עֵֽינֵיכֶ֜ם
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insert transliteration
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@ -220,6 +235,8 @@ This is a common use of the preposition לְ.
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And-they-looked **on**\_face-of Sodom
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and looked down **toward** Sodom
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.. _preposition-causal:
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Causal
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~~~~~~
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@ -240,6 +257,8 @@ This is a secondary use of the prepositions לְ and עַל.
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Lest_they-kill-me men-of the-place **because-of**\_Rebekah
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The men of this place will kill me **to get** Rebekah
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.. _preposition-explanatory:
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Explanatory
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -260,13 +279,15 @@ This is a common use of the preposition לְ.
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And-I-took [dir.obj]-her to-me **as**-wife
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I took her to be my wife
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.. _preposition-dir-obj:
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Direct Object
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A rare use of the preposition לְ is to indicate the direct object of the verb. When used in this way,
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the preposition is almost always left untranslated in English.
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.. csv-table:: 1 Chr 29:22
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.. csv-table:: 1 CHR 29:22
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וַיַּמְלִ֤יכוּ שֵׁנִית֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בֶן־דָּוִ֔יד
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insert transliteration
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@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ A preposition introduces a phrase that describes another word/concept within a s
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However, like :ref:`adverbs<adverb>` and :ref:`particles<particle>`, sometimes a prepositional phrase can describe the sentence as a whole.
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In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions can also be used with an infinitive construct verb to show its relationship to the main verb of a sentence.
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.. note:: When a word contains both a prefixed preposition and a :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`,
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the ה consonant of the definite article disappears and the shewa under the preposition lengthens,
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.. note:: When a word contains both a prefixed preposition and a :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`, the ה consonant of the definite article disappears and the shewa under the preposition lengthens,
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usually either to a pathah vowel or a qamets vowel.
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Article
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@ -44,6 +43,13 @@ prepositions are listed in the article on :ref:`infinitive construct<infinitive_
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of each preposition, but generally will not include a complete list of
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individual usages.
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In Biblical Hebrew, there are 11 general types of prepositions: :ref:`indirect object<preposition-ind-obj>`;
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:ref:`spatial<preposition-spatial>`; :ref:`locative<preposition-locative>`; :ref:`temporal<preposition-temporal>`;
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:ref:`instrumental<preposition-instrumental>`; :ref:`correlative<preposition-correlative>`; :ref:`comparative<preposition-comparative>`;
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:ref:`directional<preposition-directional>`; :ref:`causal<preposition-causal>`; :ref:`explanatory<preposition-explanatory>`;
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and :ref:`direct object<preposition-dir-obj>`. However, this are also other types of prepositions in Biblical Hebrew.
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The specific meanings of individual prepositions can be found in a dictionary or lexicon.
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Form
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----
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