joeldruark-patch-1 (#660)
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/pulls/660 Co-authored-by: Joel D. Ruark <joeldruark@noreply.door43.org> Co-committed-by: Joel D. Ruark <joeldruark@noreply.door43.org>
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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective.rst
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.. _adjective:
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Adjective
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=========
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Summary
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-------
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.. include:: includes/adjective-summary.rst
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.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-summary-hebrew.rst
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Article
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-------
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In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives match the :ref:`noun<noun>` they describe in
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Form
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----
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The forms of the adjective closely resemble the forms of the
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:ref:`common noun<noun_common>`.
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The forms of the adjective closely resemble the forms of the :ref:`common noun<noun_common>`.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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Functions as an :ref:`adverb<adverb>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Sometimes an adjective functions as an adverb, meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun.
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This is called an ``adverbial`` adjective.
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An ``adverbial adjective`` is an adjective that functions as an adverb,
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meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun.
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The most common use of adjectives is to describe a noun. There are two kinds of adjectives that function in this way, :ref:`attributive<adjective-attributive>` adjectives and :ref:`predicative<adjective-predicative>` adjectives.
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In almost all instances, an ``attributive`` adjective immediately follows the noun that it
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In almost all instances, an ``attributive adjective`` immediately follows the noun that it
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describes and has the same form in gender, number, and :ref:`definiteness<definiteness>`.
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Thus, if the noun is masculine, the adjective is also masculine. If the noun is singular, the adjective is
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also singular. If the noun is definite, the adjective is also definite; and so on.
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adjectives that compare two or more items
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A ``comparative`` adjective expresses a comparison between two or more items.
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A ``comparative adjective`` expresses a comparison between two or more items.
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adjectives with stronger meaning
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An ``intensive`` adjective has a stronger degree of meaning than a typical adjective.
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An ``intensive adjective`` has a stronger degree of meaning than a typical adjective.
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Functions as a :ref:`noun<noun>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Rather than describing a noun, sometimes an adjective itself functions as a noun in the sentence. This is called a ``nominal`` adjective.
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A ``nominal adjective`` is an adjective that itself functions as a noun in the sentence rather than describing a noun.
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``Predicative`` adjectives are adjectives that describe nouns using a :ref:`linking verb<verb-linking-verbs>`.
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``Predicative adjectives`` are adjectives that describe nouns using a :ref:`linking verb<verb-linking-verbs>`.
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Often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew text and must be supplied when translating into English.
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Like :ref:`attributive<adjective-attributive>` adjectives, a predicative adjective usually has the same form as the noun it
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describes in both gender and number. Unlike attributive adjectives, however, a predicative
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adjectives with strongest meaning
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A ``superlative`` adjective has a meaning strengthened to its greatest degree.
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A ``superlative adjective`` has a meaning strengthened to its greatest degree.
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describes a place or location
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A ``locative`` adverb describes something about the *place* or *location* where the action of the verb happens.
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A ``locative adverb`` describes something about the *place* or *location* where the action of the verb happens.
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Functions as a :ref:`noun<noun>`
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-------------------
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A ``nominal`` adverb is an adverb that functions as a noun rather than describing the verb directly.
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A ``nominal adverb`` is an adverb that functions as a noun rather than describing the verb directly.
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describes quality
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A ``qualitative`` adverb describes the *value* of something in relation to the action of the verb.
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A ``qualitative adverb`` describes the *value* of something in relation to the action of the verb.
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describes quantity
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A ``quantitative`` adverb describes an *amount* of something in relation to the action of the verb.
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A ``quantitative adverb`` describes an *amount* of something in relation to the action of the verb.
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Describes an entire clause or sentence
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--------------------------------------
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A ``sentential`` adverb describes an entire clause or sentence rather than an individual verb.
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A ``sentential adverb`` describes an entire clause or sentence rather than an individual verb.
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Sentential adverbs are closely related to :ref:`conjunctions<conjunction>`.
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describes time
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A ``temporal`` adverb describes something about the *time* when the action of the verb happens.
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A ``temporal adverb`` describes something about the *time* when the action of the verb happens.
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Functions as an :ref:`adjective<adjective>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An adjectival participle immediately follows the noun it describes, and matches that noun in gender, number, and :ref:`definiteness<definiteness>`.
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An ``adjectival participle`` immediately follows the noun it describes, and matches that noun in gender, number, and :ref:`definiteness<definiteness>`.
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An adjectival participle can either function as an adjective by itself or introduce an entire clause
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that functions as an adjective (either :ref:`attributive<adjective-attributive>` or :ref:`predicative<adjective-predicative>`).
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Functions as a :ref:`noun<noun>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A nominal participle often takes the :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>` (but not always),
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A ``nominal participle`` often takes the :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>` (but not always),
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and can either function as a noun by itself or introduce an entire clause that functions as a noun.
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A nominal participle will appear in the :ref:`construct<state_construct>` state either when it takes a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`
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or when it is in a construct relationship with another noun in the :ref:`absolute<state_absolute>` state.
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