Joel's edits to UHG v.1 (#398)

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Joel D. Ruark 2018-05-08 08:36:55 +00:00 committed by Gogs
parent 6fb8c3382d
commit 7f90ca51a8
2 changed files with 27 additions and 32 deletions

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@ -15,16 +15,9 @@ Article
-------
In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives always match the noun they describe in
gender
(:ref:`gender_masculine`
or
:ref:`gender_feminine`)
and number
(:ref:`number_singular`
or
:ref:`number_plural`).
However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If a noun is
:ref:`number_dual`,
gender (:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>` or :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`)
and number (:ref:`singular<number_singular>` or :ref:`plural<number_plural>`).
However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If a noun is :ref:`dual<number_dual>`,
its accompanying adjective will be plural. Also, the gender of some
nouns does not match their apparent form (as in נָשִׁים "women", which is
grammatically-feminine although it appears grammatically-masculine); in
@ -38,7 +31,7 @@ Form
----
The forms of the adjective closely resemble the forms of the
:ref:`noun_common`.
:ref:`common noun<noun_common>`.
Paradigm
~~~~~~~~
@ -70,13 +63,13 @@ describes a noun
The most common use of adjectives in Biblical Hebrew is to describe a noun. There are two kinds of adjective that function in this way, attributive adjectves and predicative adjectives. In almost all
instances, an attributive adjective immediately follows the noun that it
describes and has the same form in gender, number, and :ref:`definiteness`.
describes and has the same form in gender, number, and :ref:`definiteness<definiteness>`.
Thus, if the noun is masculine, the adjective is also masculine. If the noun is singular, the adjective is
also singular. If the noun is definite, the adjective is also definite; and so on.
.. note:: When an :ref:`adjective_cardinal_number` or an
:ref:`adjective_ordinal_number` is used as attributive
adjectives, sometimes it comes *before* the noun it describes
.. note:: When a :ref:`cardinal<adjective_cardinal_number>` or an
:ref:`ordinal<adjective_ordinal_number>` number functions as an attributive
adjective, sometimes it comes *before* the noun it describes
instead of *after* the noun.
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 18:17
@ -95,12 +88,10 @@ also singular. If the noun is definite, the adjective is also definite; and so o
.. _adjective-predicative:
Predicative adjectives are adjectives that describe nouns using a
:ref:`verb-linking`
verb. Often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew text and must be
supplied when translating into English. Like attributive adjectives, a predicative adjective usually has the same form as the noun it
describes in both gender (masculine/feminine) and number
(singular/plural). Unlike attributive adjectives, however, a predicative
Predicative adjectives are adjectives that describe nouns using a :ref:`linking verb<verb-linking>`.
Often the linking verb is not present in the Hebrew text and must be supplied when translating into English.
Like attributive adjectives, a predicative adjective usually has the same form as the noun it
describes in both gender and number. Unlike attributive adjectives, however, a predicative
adjective can be indefinite even if it describes a definite noun.
.. note:: Sometimes, predicative adjectives and attributive adjectives look
@ -120,12 +111,12 @@ adjective can be indefinite even if it describes a definite noun.
**Good** word-of\_Yahweh that you-spoke.
The word of Yahweh that you have spoken is **good**.
.. _adjective-substantive:
.. _adjective-nominal:
functions as a noun
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Rather than describing a noun, sometimes in a sentence an adjective itself functions as a noun. This is a called a substantive adjective.
Rather than describing a noun, sometimes an adjective itself functions as a noun in the sentence. This is called a nominal adjective.
.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 3:2
@ -141,10 +132,12 @@ Rather than describing a noun, sometimes in a sentence an adjective itself funct
Therefore thus he-says **holy-of** Israel
"Therefore the **Holy One** of Israel says,"
.. _adjective-adverbial:
functions as an adverb
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sometimes an adjective functions as an adverb, meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun.
Sometimes an adjective functions as an adverb, meaning that it describes a verb instead of a noun. This is called an adverbial adjective.
.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 21:10
@ -156,6 +149,8 @@ Sometimes an adjective functions as an adverb, meaning that it describes a verb
Other Uses
~~~~~~~~~~
.. _adjective-comparative:
compares two or more items
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -207,21 +202,21 @@ Biblical Hebrew utilizes different ways to strengthen an adjective to
its greatest degree ("the smallest", "the greatest", etc.). This is called a superlative adjective.
Usually, the superlative meaning of an adjective must be determined from the context.
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 16:11 adjective with the :ref:`preposition_definite_article`
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 16:11 adjective with the :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`
עֹ֚וד שָׁאַ֣ר הַקָּטָ֔ן
'owd sha'ar **haqqatan**
Still remains **the-young**
There remains yet **the youngest**
.. csv-table:: Example: MIC 7:4 adjective with a :ref:`suffix_pronominal`
.. csv-table:: Example: MIC 7:4 adjective with a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`
טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק
**tovam** kehedeq
**good-their** like-brier
**the best of them** is like a brier
.. csv-table:: Example: SNG 1:8 adjective with a prepositional phrase
.. csv-table:: Example: SNG 1:8 adjective with a :ref:`prepositional<preposition>` phrase
הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים
**hayyafah** bannashim

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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Definiteness in Biblical Hebrew serves both a semantic and pragmatic function.
1) to designate a specific person/thing, or a class of person(s)/thing(s) that are intrinsically definite;
2) to match a noun to its accompanying descriptor (often with adjectives or participles);
3) to introduce a relative clause (often with participles); and/or
4) to indicate a :ref:`superlative<adjective_superlative>` or :ref:`demonstrative<pronoun_demonstrative>` (especially in regard to time) referent.
4) to indicate a :ref:`superlative<adjective-superlative>` or :ref:`demonstrative<pronoun_demonstrative>` (especially in regard to time) referent.
However, these are only general designations and do not represent a comprehesive list.
The concept of definiteness works differently in various languages; therefore, definite/indefinite terms
should always be translated from Biblical Hebrew into other languages with great sensitivity
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Function of definiteness
refers to a specific person, thing, or idea
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. _definiteness_demonstrative:
.. _definiteness-demonstrative:
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 19:14 - "the night" = tonight
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ refers to a specific person, thing, or idea
You-will-become-son-in-law to-me **the day**.
**Today** you will be my son-in-law.
.. _definiteness_superlative:
.. _definiteness-superlative:
Sometimes a definite adjective can indicate a :ref:`superlative<adjective_superlative>` member of a group.
@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ When the definite article is used in front of a
it refers to the person(s) doing the action described by the verb and is translated very much like a :ref:`particle_relative`.
The definite article is used in this way usually with non-finite verbal forms (infinitives or participles) and only rarely with finite verbs.
with a :ref:`verb-non-finite` verb
with a :ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>` verb
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 8:19
@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ with a :ref:`verb-non-finite` verb
to-Yahweh **the-appeared** to-him
"to Yahweh, **who had appeared** to him"
with a :ref:`verb-finite` verb
with a :ref:`finite<verb-finite>` verb
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 10:24