Joel's edits to UHG v.1 (#399)
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@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ Definiteness in Biblical Hebrew serves both a semantic and pragmatic function.
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3) to introduce a relative clause (often with participles); and/or
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4) to indicate a :ref:`superlative<adjective-superlative>` or :ref:`demonstrative<pronoun_demonstrative>` (especially in regard to time) referent.
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However, these are only general designations and do not represent a comprehesive list.
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The concept of definiteness works differently in various languages; therefore, definite/indefinite terms
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should always be translated from Biblical Hebrew into other languages with great sensitivity
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.. note:: The concept of definiteness works differently in various languages; therefore, definite/indefinite terms should always be translated from Biblical Hebrew into other languages with great sensitivity
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to the context of each individual use and according to the conventions of definiteness in the target language.
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Intrinsically definite terms
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@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ There are three types of terms that are intrinsically definite:
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:ref:`personal pronouns<pronoun_personal>`,
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and :ref:`demonstrative pronouns<pronoun_demonstrative>`.
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:ref:`Proper<noun_proper_name>` Nouns
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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:ref:`proper<noun_proper_name>` nouns
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 9:17
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@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ and :ref:`demonstrative pronouns<pronoun_demonstrative>`.
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"So **Joab** left and went throughout all **Israel**. Then he came
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back to **Jerusalem**."
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:ref:`Personal<pronoun_personal>` Pronouns
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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:ref:`personal<pronoun_personal>` pronouns
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: JER 12:1
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@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ and :ref:`demonstrative pronouns<pronoun_demonstrative>`.
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Bless-me also\_\ **me** my-father
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"Bless me, **me** also, my father"
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:ref:`Demonstrative<pronoun_demonstrative>` Pronouns
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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:ref:`demonstrative<pronoun_demonstrative>` pronouns
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 7:4
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@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ Biblical Hebrew has three ways to make a term definite: by adding the :ref:`defi
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by adding a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`,
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or by connecting it to a definite term in a construct relationship.
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:ref:`Definite article<particle_definite_article>` prefix
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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:ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>` prefix
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 1:23
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@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ or by connecting it to a definite term in a construct relationship.
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.. _state_determined-pronominal-suffix:
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:ref:`Pronominal<suffix_pronominal>` suffix
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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:ref:`pronominal<suffix_pronominal>` suffix
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 17:23
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@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ or by connecting it to a definite term in a construct relationship.
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"So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take
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**their daughters** for **your sons**"
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Construction with definite :ref:`noun<noun>`
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construction with definite :ref:`noun<noun>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In the example below, "the heavens and the earth" are made definite by
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@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ In the example below, "Egypt" is an intrinsically definite word and
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Function of definiteness
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------------------------
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refers to a specific person, thing, or idea
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Refers to a specific person, thing, or idea
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. _definiteness-demonstrative:
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@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ refers to a specific person, thing, or idea
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.. _definiteness-superlative:
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Sometimes a definite adjective can indicate a :ref:`superlative<adjective_superlative>` member of a group.
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Sometimes a definite adjective can indicate a :ref:`superlative<adjective-superlative>` member of a group.
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 16:11
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@ -297,14 +297,14 @@ either from the context of the narrative or from simple knowledge of the world.
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Yahweh he **the-God**.
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"Yahweh, he is **God**!"
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refers to a general class/category of items
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Refers to a general class/category of items
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Sometimes a definite term refers to a general class or category instead to referring to a specific item.
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This can be a general category of people, a general class of objects, a generic type of material, etc.
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Usually the meaning is clear from the context.
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People
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people
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''''''
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In the example below, the definite article is incorporated in the prepositions כַ and כָּ (like).
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@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ Sometimes the definite article is used in this way when a person directly addres
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Help my-lord **the-king**
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"Help, my master, **king**"
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Material
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material
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''''''''
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1KI 15:18
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@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ it refers to the person(s) doing the action described by the verb and is transla
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The definite article is used in this way usually with non-finite verbal forms (infinitives or participles) and only rarely with finite verbs.
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with a :ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>` verb
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 8:19
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@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ with a :ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>` verb
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"to Yahweh, **who had appeared** to him"
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with a :ref:`finite<verb-finite>` verb
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 10:24
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