Samuel_Kim_en_uhg/content/person_third.rst

:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_third.rst

.. _person_third:

Person Third
============

Summary
-------

The third person form of a term refers to a person(s) or thing(s) other than the writer/reader or speaker/listener.

Article
-------

In English, the third person pronouns include: "he", "him", "his", "she", or "her", for singular; and "they", "them",
or "their," for plural.  In Biblical Hebrew, terms which are marked for third person can change form according to both gender
(:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>` and :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`) and number (:ref:`singular<number_singular>` or
:ref:`plural<number_plural>`). In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`verbs<verb>`, :ref:`pronouns<pronoun_personal>`,
and :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>` can all be marked for third person.


Form
----

In Biblical Hebrew, a term marked for third person can be recognized by a variety of
changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other, so it is difficult to sum them up 
in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a third person form.

Paradigm
~~~~~~~~

.. csv-table:: Third Person Qal Suffix Conjugation Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  third person masculine singular",קָטַל,qatal,he killed
  third person feminine singular",קָטְלָה,qatlah,she killed
  third person common plural",קָטְלוּ,qatlu,they killed

.. csv-table:: Third Person Qal Prefix Conjugation Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  third person masculine singular",יִקְטֹל,yiqtol,he will kill
  third person feminine singular",תִּקְטֹל,tiqtol,she will kill
  third person masculine plural",יִקְטְלוּ,yiqtelu,they will kill
  third person feminine plural",תִּקְטֹלְנָה,tiqtolenah,they will kill

.. csv-table:: Third Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  third person masculine singular",הוּא,hu,he / it
  third person feminine singular",הִיא / הִוא,hi / hiw,she / it
  third person masculine plural",הֵם / הֵמָּה,hem / hemmah,they
  third person feminine plural",הֵן / הֵנָּה,hen / hennah,they

.. csv-table:: Third Person Object Pronoun Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  third person masculine singular",אֹתוֹ,'otho,him / it
  third person feminine singular",אֹתָהּ,'othah,her / it
  third person masculine plural",אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם,'ethhem / 'otham,them
  third person feminine plural",אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן,'ethhen / 'othan,them

.. csv-table:: Third Person Pronominal Suffix Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  third person masculine singular",לוֹ / -וֹ,lo / -o,(to) him
  third person feminine singular",לָהּ / - ָהּ,lah / -ah,(to) her
  third person masculine plural",לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם,lahem / -hem / -am,(to) them
  third person feminine plural",לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן,lahen / -hen / -an,(to) them




Examples
--------

:ref:`Finite verb<verb-finite>` marked for third person
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:1

  וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם
  **wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram
  **and-he-said** Yahweh to\_Abram
  **Now** Yahweh **said** to Abram

:ref:`Personal pronoun<pronoun_personal>` marked for third person
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 36:1

  עֵשָׂ֖ו \ **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם
  'esaw **hu** 'edom
  Esau **he** Edom
  Esau (**also called** Edom)

:ref:`Pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>` marked for third person
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

As attached to a :ref:`verb<verb>`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 37:14

  וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃
  **wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah
  **and-he-sent-him** from-the-Valley-of Hebron and-he-went to-Shechem.
  "**So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to
     Shechem."

As attached to a :ref:`noun<suffix_pronominal-nouns>`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 17:23

  וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
  wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
  And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city**
  He went **home** to **his own city**

As attached to a :ref:`preposition<suffix_pronominal-prepositions>`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: JOB 39:12

  הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו
  hatha'amin **bow**
  Do-you-believe **in-him**?
  Will you depend **on him**?

.. csv-table:: Example: 2KI 17:15

  אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃
  'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth kahem
  "whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing
     **like-them**"
  those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**.