Samuel_Kim_en_uhg/content/verb_cohortative.rst

:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_cohortative.rst

.. _verb_cohortative:

Verb Cohortative
================

Summary
-------

The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other
similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by
the context.

Article
-------

The Cohortative form looks very similar to the :ref:`verb_imperfect`
but functions in the sentence more like an
:ref:`verb_imperative`.
Cohortative verbs appear only in :ref:`person_fist`
forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in :ref:`person_second`
forms, and
:ref:`verb_jussive`
usually appear in :ref:`person_third`
forms.) A Cohortative
:ref:`verb`
does not carry the full force of a command ("We *must* do this!"), but
it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of
possibilty ("We *could* do this."). The meaning is somewhere in the
middle. In English, a Cohortative is often translated with a helping
verb such as "let" or "want" or "will," depending on the context (*"Let
us do this!"* or *"I want to do this!"*). Thus, the Cohortative verb
functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to
determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific
instance.

Form
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Parsing

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Hebrew

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Transliteration

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Gloss

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Qal singular

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אֶקְטֹלָה

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'eqtolah

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let me kill

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Qal plural

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נִקְטֹהלָה

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niqtohlah

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let us kill

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Niphal singular

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אֶקָּטֵלָה

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'eqqatelah

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let me be killed

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Niphal plural

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נִקָּטֵלָה

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niqqatelah

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let us be killed

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Hiphil singular

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אַקְטִילָה

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'aqtilah

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let me cause to kill

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Hiphil plural

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נַקְטִילָה

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naqtilah

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let us cause to kill

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Piel singular

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אֲקַטֵּלָה

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'eqattelah

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let me slaughter

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Piel plural

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נְקַטֵּלָה

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niqattelah

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let us slaughter

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Hithpael singular

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אֶתְקַטֵּלָה

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'ethqattelah

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let me kill myself

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Hithpael plural

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נִתְקַטֵּלָה

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nithqattelah

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let us kill ourselves

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Function
--------

The Cohortative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions:

Indirect commands
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

-  ISA 2:5

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   בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ **וְנֵלְכָ֖ה** בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה

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   beth ya'aqov lekhu **wenelekhah** be'or yehwah

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   House-of Jacob come **and-let-us-walk** in-light-of Yahweh.

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   House of Jacob, come, **and let us walk** in the light of Yahweh.

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Actions of greater or lesser desirability
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations,
assurances, wishes, etc.

-  JER 40:15

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   אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה

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   **'elekhah** na' we'akkeh 'eth-yishma'el ben-nethanyah

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   **Let-me-go** oh and-I-will-kill [dir.obj]\_Ishmael son-of\_Nethaniah

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   **Allow me to go** kill Ishmael son of Nethaniah.

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-  EXO 3:3

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   וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה **אָסֻֽרָה**\ ־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה

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   wayyomer mosheh **'asurah**-nna **we'er'eh**

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   And-he-said Moses **let-me-turn-aside**\ \_oh **and-let-me-see**

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   Moses said, "**I will turn aside and see**"

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-  PSA 25:2

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   אֱלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה

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   'elohay bekha vatahti 'al-**'evoshah**

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   My-God in-you I-trust not\_\ **let-me-be-ashamed**

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   My God, I trust in you. **Do not let me be humiliated**

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--------------

*Information in this article is taken from* Biblical Hebrew Reference
Grammar, *by van der Merwe, Naudé, and Kroeze, p.151-152; and* Hebrew
Grammar, *by Gesenius, section 108.*