Updated wording of passive voice notes in NT. (#2350)

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2350

en_tn_43-LUK.tsv

@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ LUK	3	38	ck3f		τοῦ Ἀδὰμ, τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	of Adam, of God	Alternate
 LUK	4	intro	r3vy			0		# Luke 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. The devil tempts Jesus in the wilderness (4:1-13)<br>2. Jesus teaches in the synagogue in Nazareth (4:14-30)<br>3. Jesus teaches, heals, and drives out demons in Capernaum (4:31-44)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. ULT does this with the poetry in 4:10-11 and 4:18-19, which is quoted from the Old Testamentt.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Jesus was tempted by the devil”<br><br>While it is true that the devil actually believed that he could persuade Jesus to disobey God and obey him instead, it is important not to imply in your translation that Jesus would ever really have wanted to obey the devil.
 LUK	4	1	n1xx	writing-newevent	Ἰησοῦς δὲ	1	Then Jesus	Luke uses this expression to return to the story after providing background information about Jesus’ ancestors. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include a phrase that would provide continuity with the previous episode in the story. Alternate translation: “After John had baptized Jesus, then Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 LUK	4	1	l201	translate-names	τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	the Jordan	**Jordan** is the name of a river. Alternate translation: “the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-LUK	4	1	v18k	figs-activepassive	ἤγετο ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι	1	was led by the Spirit	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit led him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+LUK	4	1	v18k	figs-activepassive	ἤγετο ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι	1	was led by the Spirit	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit led him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	4	2	bls8	figs-verbs	ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου	1	for 40 days being tempted by the devil	The Greek verb indicates that the temptation continued throughout the 40 days. You can make this clear in your translation, as UST does: “While he was there, the devil kept tempting him for 40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]])
 LUK	4	2	hg5p	figs-activepassive	ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου	1	for 40 days being tempted by the devil	If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “For 40 days the devil kept tempting him” or “For 40 days the devil kept trying to persuade him disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	4	2	k47d	writing-pronouns	καὶ οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲν	1	he did not eat anything	Make sure that it is clear in your translation that the word **he** refers to Jesus, not to the devil. Alternate translation: “Jesus did not eat anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ LUK	8	1	l399	figs-idiom	κατὰ πόλιν καὶ κώμην	1	through city a
 LUK	8	1	l401	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the kingdom of God	See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **kingdom**, you could express the idea behind it with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “how God would rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LUK	8	1	l402	figs-nominaladj	οἱ δώδεκα	1	the Twelve	Luke is using the adjective **Twelve** as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “his 12 apostles” or “the 12 men whom he had appointed to be apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 LUK	8	1	l403	translate-names	οἱ δώδεκα	1	the Twelve	Alternatively, even if your language does not ordinarily use adjectives as nouns, you may be able to do that in this case, since this is a title by which the apostles were known. Even though it is a number, if you translate it as a title, as ULT does, follow the conventions for titles in your language. For example, capitalize main words and write out numbers rather than use digits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-LUK	8	2	g99l	figs-activepassive	αἳ ἦσαν τεθεραπευμέναι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων πονηρῶν καὶ ἀσθενειῶν	1	who had been healed from evil spirits and diseases	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+LUK	8	2	g99l	figs-activepassive	αἳ ἦσαν τεθεραπευμέναι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων πονηρῶν καὶ ἀσθενειῶν	1	who had been healed from evil spirits and diseases	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	8	2	jq4g	translate-names	Μαρία ἡ καλουμένη Μαγδαληνή	1	Mary who was called Magdalene	**Mary** is the name of a woman, and **Magdalene** is a distinguishing term that most likely means that she came from the town of Magdala. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 LUK	8	2	n4x6	figs-activepassive	Μαρία ἡ καλουμένη Μαγδαληνή	1	Mary who was called Magdalene	If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Mary, who people called Magdalene” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	8	2	l404	figs-explicit	ἀφ’ ἧς δαιμόνια ἑπτὰ ἐξεληλύθει	1	from whom seven demons had gone out	The **demons** did not go **out** on their own. It may be helpful to say explicitly that Jesus drove them out. Alternate translation: “from whom Jesus had driven out seven demons” or “whom Jesus had set free from seven demons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1726,7 +1726,7 @@ LUK	10	21	i2zf	figs-irony	σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν	1	the wise and int
 LUK	10	21	l599	figs-doublet	σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν	1	the wise and intelligent	The terms **wise** and **intelligent** mean similar things. Jesus uses the two terms together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who think they understand everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 LUK	10	21	a175	figs-metaphor	νηπίοις	1	infants	**Infants** refers figuratively to people who may not have much education, but who are willing to accept Jesus’ teachings in the same way that little children willingly listen to those they trust. You could explain the meaning of this metaphor in your translation, or you could translate it as a simile, as UST does. Alternate translation: “people who trust my teachings implicitly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LUK	10	21	nm6t	figs-metaphor	ἔμπροσθέν σου	1	before you	Jesus says **before you** to mean “where you could see” or “in your sight.” Sight, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-LUK	10	22	e47e	figs-activepassive	πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	All things have been handed over to me from my Father	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “My Father has handed everything over to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+LUK	10	22	e47e	figs-activepassive	πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	All things have been handed over to me from my Father	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “My Father has handed everything over to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	10	22	l600	grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐδεὶς γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατήρ	1	no one knows who the Son is except the Father	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus is making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only the Father knows who the Son is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
 LUK	10	22	six4		γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς	1	knows who the Son is	Here, the Greek word translated **knows** means to know from personal experience. God the Father knows Jesus in this way. Alternate translation: “is acquainted with the Son” or “is acquainted with me”
 LUK	10	22	xm3s	figs-123person	γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς	1	knows who the Son is	Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “knows who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

en_tn_48-2CO.tsv

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	1	1	f59u		Τιμόθεος ὁ ἀδελφὸς	1	Timothy our brother	This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew **Timothy** and considered him to be their spiritual **brother**.
 2CO	1	1	mhg5	translate-names	Ἀχαΐᾳ	1	Achaia	**Achaia** is the name of a Roman province in the southern part of modern-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 2CO	1	2	f6k1		χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη	1	May grace be to you and peace	This is a common greeting that Paul uses in his letters.
-2CO	1	3	px2q	figs-activepassive	εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “May we always praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	1	3	px2q	figs-activepassive	εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “May we always praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	1	3	k7dl		ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ	1	the God and Father	Alternate translation: “God, who is the Father”
 2CO	1	3	pg4a	figs-parallelism	ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως	1	the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort	These two phrases express the same idea in two different ways. Both phrases refer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 2CO	1	3	blv4		ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως	1	the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort	This could mean: (1) the words **mercies** and **all comfort** describe the character of **Father** and **God**. (2) the words **Father** and **God** refer to one who is the source of **mercies** and **all comfort**.
@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	1	5	i254		τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the sufferings of Christ	This could refer to: (1) the **sufferings** that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ. (2) the **sufferings** that Christ experienced on their behalf.
 2CO	1	5	tg9w	figs-metaphor	περισσεύει…ἡ παράκλησις ἡμῶν	2	our comfort abounds	Paul speaks of **comfort** as if it were an object that could increase in size. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	1	6	y9bi	figs-exclusive	εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα	1	But if we are afflicted	Here the word **we** refers to Paul and Timothy, but not to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-2CO	1	6	ylw2	figs-activepassive	εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But if people afflict us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	1	6	wyj4	figs-activepassive	εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα	1	if we are comforted	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if God comforts us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	1	6	ylw2	figs-activepassive	εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But if people afflict us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	1	6	wyj4	figs-activepassive	εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα	1	if we are comforted	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if God comforts us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	1	6	cfq7		τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως, τῆς ἐνεργουμένης	1	your comfort that results	Alternate translation: “you experience effective comfort”
 2CO	1	8	jqn8	figs-litotes	οὐ…θέλομεν ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν	1	we do not want you to be uninformed	You can state this in positive terms. Alternate translation: “we want you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 2CO	1	8	pr8a	figs-metaphor	ὅτι καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὲρ δύναμιν ἐβαρήθημεν	1	We were so completely crushed beyond our strength	Paul and Timothy refer to their emotions of despair being like a heavy weight they have to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	1	8	gu5b	figs-activepassive	ὑπερβολὴν…ἐβαρήθημεν	1	We were so completely crushed	The word **burdened** refers to the feeling of despair. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “We were in complete despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	1	8	gu5b	figs-activepassive	ὑπερβολὴν…ἐβαρήθημεν	1	We were so completely crushed	The word **burdened** refers to the feeling of despair. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “We were in complete despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	1	9	lks3	figs-metaphor	αὐτοὶ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου ἐσχήκαμεν	1	we had the sentence of death on us	Paul and Timothy are comparing their feeling of despair to that of someone condemned to die. Alternate translation: “we were in despair like someone who is condemned to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	1	9	i7up	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῷ Θεῷ	1	but in God	The words “be putting our trust” are left out of this phrase. Alternate translation: “but instead, be putting our trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 2CO	1	9	bu2y	figs-idiom	τῷ ἐγείροντι τοὺς νεκρούς	1	who raises the dead	Here to raise is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “who causes the dead to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2CO	1	10	x4kh	figs-metaphor	θανάτου	1	a deadly peril	Paul compares his feeling of despair as a result of the troubles that they experienced to a **deadly peril** or terrible danger. Alternate translation: “despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	1	10	mwn9		καὶ ἔτι ῥύσεται	1	he will continue to deliver us	Alternate translation: “he also will continue to rescue us”
 2CO	1	11	q17d		συνυπουργούντων καὶ ὑμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τῇ δεήσει	1	as you also join together … on our behalf	Alternate translation: “God will rescue us from danger as you, the people of the church of Corinth, also help us by praying with us”
-2CO	1	11	k1fl	figs-activepassive	τὸ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα	1	the gracious favor given to us	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the gracious favor which God has given to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	1	11	k1fl	figs-activepassive	τὸ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα	1	the gracious favor given to us	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the gracious favor which God has given to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	1	12	kqv3	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	In these verses Paul uses the words **we**, **our**, **ourselves**, and **us** to refer to himself and Timothy and possibly others who served with them. These words do not include the people he was writing to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	1	12	r9p8		ἡ γὰρ καύχησις ἡμῶν αὕτη ἐστίν	1	For our proud confidence is this	The word **boasting** here is used in the positive sense of feeling great satisfaction and joy in something.
 2CO	1	12	c7mu	figs-personification	τὸ μαρτύριον τῆς συνειδήσεως ἡμῶν	1	the testimony of our conscience	Paul speaks of not being guilty as if his **conscience** were a person that could testify. Alternate translation: “we know by our conscience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	2	1	wh9c			0	Connecting Statement:	Because of his great love for them, Paul makes it clear that his rebuke in his first letter to them (the rebuke of their acceptance of the sin of immorality) caused him pain as well as pain to the church people in Corinth and the immoral man.
 2CO	2	1	ij73		ἐν λύπῃ	1	in sorrow	Alternate translation: “in circumstances that would cause you pain”
 2CO	2	2	nb6x	figs-rquestion	εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, καὶ τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με, εἰ μὴ ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ?	1	If I caused you pain, who could cheer me up but the very one who was hurt by me?	Paul uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that neither he nor they would benefit if his coming to them would cause them pain. Alternate translation: “If I caused you pain, the only ones who could cheer me up would be the very ones whom I had hurt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-2CO	2	2	x2vr	figs-activepassive	ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ	1	the very one who was hurt by me	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the very one whom I had hurt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	2	2	x2vr	figs-activepassive	ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ	1	the very one who was hurt by me	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the very one whom I had hurt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	3	kxu2	figs-explicit	ἔγραψα τοῦτο αὐτὸ	1	I wrote this same thing	Paul is referring to another letter that he had written to the Corinthian Christians, but which no longer exists. Alternate translation: “I wrote as I did in my previous letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-2CO	2	3	v87i	figs-activepassive	μὴ…λύπην σχῶ ἀφ’ ὧν ἔδει με χαίρειν	1	I might not be hurt by those who should have made me rejoice	Paul is speaking about the behavior of certain Corinthian believers who caused him emotional pain. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those who should have made me rejoice might not hurt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	2	3	v87i	figs-activepassive	μὴ…λύπην σχῶ ἀφ’ ὧν ἔδει με χαίρειν	1	I might not be hurt by those who should have made me rejoice	Paul is speaking about the behavior of certain Corinthian believers who caused him emotional pain. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those who should have made me rejoice might not hurt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	3	i5r6		ἡ ἐμὴ χαρὰ πάντων ὑμῶν ἐστιν	1	my joy is the same joy you all have	Alternate translation: “what gives me joy is what gives you joy, too”
 2CO	2	4	uch7		ἐκ γὰρ πολλῆς θλίψεως	1	from great affliction	Here the word **affliction** refers to emotional pain.
 2CO	2	4	vs7m	figs-metonymy	συνοχῆς καρδίας	1	with anguish of heart	Here the word **heart** refers to the location of the emotions. Alternate translation: “with extreme sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	2	4	d5vf		διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων	1	with many tears	Alternate translation: “with much crying”
-2CO	2	6	iy4r	figs-activepassive	ἱκανὸν τῷ τοιούτῳ ἡ ἐπιτιμία αὕτη, ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν πλειόνων	1	This punishment of that person by the majority is enough	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The punishment that the majority gave that person is sufficient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	2	6	iy4r	figs-activepassive	ἱκανὸν τῷ τοιούτῳ ἡ ἐπιτιμία αὕτη, ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν πλειόνων	1	This punishment of that person by the majority is enough	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The punishment that the majority gave that person is sufficient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	6	wr3k	figs-abstractnouns	ἱκανὸν τῷ τοιούτῳ ἡ ἐπιτιμία αὕτη, ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν πλειόνων	1		The word **punishment** can be translated using a verb. Alternate translation: “The way that the majority has punished that person is enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CO	2	6	a7c4		ἱκανὸν	1	is enough	Alternate translation: “is sufficient”
-2CO	2	7	vpx1	figs-activepassive	μή πως τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ, καταποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	he is not overwhelmed by too much sorrow	This means to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “We do not want too much sorrow to overwhelm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	2	7	vpx1	figs-activepassive	μή πως τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ, καταποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	he is not overwhelmed by too much sorrow	This means to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “We do not want too much sorrow to overwhelm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	8	r916			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages the church in Corinth to show love and to forgive the person they have punished. He writes that he, also, has forgiven him.
 2CO	2	8	yi2z		κυρῶσαι εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην	1	publicly affirm your love for him	This means that they are to confirm their **love** for this man in the presence of all of the believers.
 2CO	2	9	xw5t	figs-explicit	εἰς πάντα ὑπήκοοί ἐστε	1	you are obedient in everything	This could mean: (1) the Corinthians **are obedient** to God **in everything**. (2) the Corinthians **are obedient** **in everything** that Paul has taught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	2	11	m46t	figs-litotes	οὐ γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν	1	For we are not ignorant of his plans	Paul uses a negative expression to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: “For we know his plans well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 2CO	2	12	l6vd			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages the believers in Corinth by telling them of the opportunities he has had to preach the gospel in Troas and Macedonia.
 2CO	2	12	a1ti	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	a door for the gospel of Christ was opened to me in the Lord	Paul speaks of his opportunity to preach the **gospel** as if it were a **door** through which he was allowed to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	2	12	n9cr	figs-activepassive	εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν Κυρίῳ	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord indeed opened a door to me to preach the gospel of Christ” or “The Lord gave me the opportunity to preach the gospel of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	2	12	n9cr	figs-activepassive	εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν Κυρίῳ	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord indeed opened a door to me to preach the gospel of Christ” or “The Lord gave me the opportunity to preach the gospel of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	13	rjy9		οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πνεύματί μου	1	I had no relief in my spirit	Alternate translation: “My mind was troubled” or “I was worried”
 2CO	2	13	xd5h		Τίτον τὸν ἀδελφόν μου	1	my brother Titus	Paul speaks of **Titus** as his spiritual **brother**.
 2CO	2	13	wq6j		ἀλλὰ ἀποταξάμενος αὐτοῖς	1	So I left them	Alternate translation: “So I left the people of Troas”
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	2	14	eq21		φανεροῦντι…ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ	1	he spreads … everywhere	Alternate translation: “he spreads … everywhere we go”
 2CO	2	15	x6nn	figs-metaphor	Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ	1	we are to God the sweet aroma of Christ	Paul speaks of his ministry as if it were a burnt offering that someone offers to **God**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	2	15	b1k1		Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ	1	the sweet aroma of Christ	This could refer to: (1) the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of **Christ**. (2) the sweet aroma that **Christ** offers.
-2CO	2	15	itc8	figs-activepassive	τοῖς σῳζομένοις	1	those who are saved	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God is saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	2	15	itc8	figs-activepassive	τοῖς σῳζομένοις	1	those who are saved	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God is saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	16	dwk6	figs-metaphor	ὀσμὴ	1	an aroma	“the knowledge of Christ is an aroma.” This refers back to [2 Corinthians 2:14](../02/14.md), where Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	2	16	ud2u	figs-doublet	ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον	1	an aroma from death to death	This could mean: (1) the word **death** is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that causes death.” (2) this refers to an **aroma** of **death** that causes people to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-2CO	2	16	v2n3	figs-activepassive	οἷς	1	to the other	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “to the ones whom God is saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	2	16	v2n3	figs-activepassive	οἷς	1	to the other	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “to the ones whom God is saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	16	cdr3	figs-doublet	ὀσμὴ ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν	1	a fragrance from life to life	This could mean: (1) the word **life** is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that gives life.” (2) this refers to an **aroma** of life that gives people **life**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 2CO	2	16	be6x	figs-rquestion	πρὸς ταῦτα τίς ἱκανός?	1	who is worthy of these things?	Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is worthy to do the ministry that God has called them to do. Alternate translation: “No one is worthy of these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 2CO	2	17	a5sa	figs-metonymy	καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	who sell the word of God	Here, **word** is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “who sell God’s message to make money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	3	2	ty59	figs-metaphor	ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἡμῶν ὑμεῖς ἐστε	1	You yourselves are our letter of recommendation	Paul speaks of the Corinthians as if they are a **letter** of recommendation. That they have become believers serves to validate Paul’s ministry to others. Alternate translation: “You yourselves are like our letter of recommendation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	3	2	v2e7	figs-metonymy	ἐνγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν	1	written on our hearts	Here the word **hearts** refers to their thoughts and emotions. This could mean: (1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation. (2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	3	2	bu1u	figs-activepassive	ἐνγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν	1	written on our hearts	You can state this in active form with “Christ” as the implied subject. Alternate translation: “which Christ has written on our hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	3	2	dr5k	figs-activepassive	γινωσκομένη καὶ ἀναγινωσκομένη ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	known and read by all people	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that all people can know and read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	2	dr5k	figs-activepassive	γινωσκομένη καὶ ἀναγινωσκομένη ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	known and read by all people	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that all people can know and read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	3	s717	figs-explicit	ἐστὲ ἐπιστολὴ Χριστοῦ	1	you are a letter from Christ	Paul clarifies that Christ is the one who has written the **letter**. Alternate translation: “you are a letter that Christ has written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	3	3	wrk4		διακονηθεῖσα ὑφ’ ἡμῶν	1	cared for by us	Alternate translation: “brought by us”
 2CO	3	3	q96q		ἐνγεγραμμένη οὐ μέλανι, ἀλλὰ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ζῶντος, οὐκ ἐν πλαξὶν λιθίναις, ἀλλ’ ἐν πλαξὶν καρδίαις σαρκίναις	1	It was written not with ink … on tablets of human hearts	Paul clarifies that the Corinthians are like a spiritual letter, not like a letter that humans write with physical objects.
 2CO	3	3	vyuh	figs-ellipsis	ἐνγεγραμμένη οὐ μέλανι, ἀλλὰ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1		The verb “written” is implied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “not written with ink, but written with the Spirit of the living God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-2CO	3	3	qt5g	figs-activepassive	ἐνγεγραμμένη οὐ μέλανι, ἀλλὰ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1	It was written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not a letter that people wrote with ink but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	3	qt5g	figs-activepassive	ἐνγεγραμμένη οὐ μέλανι, ἀλλὰ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1	It was written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not a letter that people wrote with ink but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	3	t5ah	figs-ellipsis	οὐκ ἐν πλαξὶν λιθίναις, ἀλλ’ ἐν πλαξὶν καρδίαις σαρκίναις	1	not on tablets of stone, but on tablets of human hearts	The verb “written” is implied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “not a letter that was written on stone tablets, but a letter that was written on tablets of human hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-2CO	3	3	ih89	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐν πλαξὶν λιθίναις, ἀλλ’ ἐν πλαξὶν καρδίαις σαρκίναις	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not a letter that people engraved on stone tablets but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote on tablets of human hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	3	ih89	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐν πλαξὶν λιθίναις, ἀλλ’ ἐν πλαξὶν καρδίαις σαρκίναις	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not a letter that people engraved on stone tablets but a letter that the Spirit of the living God wrote on tablets of human hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	3	u959	figs-metaphor	πλαξὶν καρδίαις σαρκίναις	1	tablets of human hearts	Paul speaks of their **hearts** as if they are flat pieces of stone or clay upon which people engraved letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	3	4	z7qx		πεποίθησιν δὲ τοιαύτην ἔχομεν	1	such confidence	This refers to what Paul has just said. His **confidence** comes from knowing that the Corinthians are the validation of his ministry before God.
 2CO	3	5	qye9		ἀφ’ ἑαυτῶν ἱκανοί	1	competent in ourselves	Alternate translation: “qualified in ourselves” or “sufficient in ourselves”
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	3	7	lyf7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul contrasts the fading glory of the old covenant with the superiority and freedom of the new covenant. He contrasts the veil of Moses with the clarity of present revelation. The time of Moses was a less clear picture of what is now revealed.
 2CO	3	7	ut6r	figs-irony	εἰ δὲ ἡ διακονία τοῦ θανάτου…ἐγενήθη ἐν δόξῃ, ὥστε	1	Now if the ministry that produced death … came in such glory	Paul emphasizes that although the law leads to **death**, it was still very glorious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
 2CO	3	7	du65	figs-explicit	ἡ διακονία τοῦ θανάτου	1	the ministry that produced death	Here, **the ministry of death** refers to the Old Testament law that God gave through Moses. Alternate translation: “the ministry that causes death because it is based on the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-2CO	3	7	j1hp	figs-activepassive	ἐν γράμμασιν ἐντετυπωμένη λίθοις	1	engraved in letters on stones	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God carved into stone with letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	7	j1hp	figs-activepassive	ἐν γράμμασιν ἐντετυπωμένη λίθοις	1	engraved in letters on stones	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God carved into stone with letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	7	r5p5		ἐν δόξῃ, ὥστε	1	in such glory	Alternate translation: “in so much glory that”
 2CO	3	8	xxn6	figs-rquestion	πῶς οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἡ διακονία τοῦ Πνεύματος ἔσται ἐν δόξῃ?	1	Will the ministry of the Spirit not be with much more glory?	Paul uses this question to emphasize that the **ministry of the Spirit** does must be more glorious than “the ministry of death” because it leads to life. Alternate translation: “So the service that the Spirit does must be even more glorious!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 2CO	3	8	wq1v	figs-explicit	ἡ διακονία τοῦ Πνεύματος	1	the ministry of the Spirit	Here, **the ministry of the Spirit** refers to the new covenant, of which Paul is a minister. Alternate translation: “the ministry that gives life because it is based on the Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	3	9	e5zz	figs-metaphor	πολλῷ μᾶλλον περισσεύει ἡ διακονία τῆς δικαιοσύνης δόξῃ.	1	the ministry of righteousness abound in glory	Paul speaks of **the ministry of righteousness** as if it were an object that could produce or multiply another object. He means that this ministry is far more glorious than the law, which also had **glory**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	3	9	ufq6	figs-explicit	ἡ διακονία τῆς δικαιοσύνης	1	the ministry of righteousness	Here, **the ministry of righteousness** refers to the new covenant, of which Paul is a minister. Alternate translation: “the ministry that makes people righteous because it is based on the Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	3	10	n4pe		καὶ γὰρ οὐ δεδόξασται, τὸ δεδοξασμένον…εἵνεκεν τῆς ὑπερβαλλούσης δόξης	1	that which was once made glorious is no longer glorious … because of the glory that exceeds it	The Old Testament law no longer appears **glorious** when compared with the new covenant, which is much more glorious.
-2CO	3	10	t2dq	figs-activepassive	τὸ δεδοξασμένον	1	that which was once made glorious	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the law which God once made glorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	10	t2dq	figs-activepassive	τὸ δεδοξασμένον	1	that which was once made glorious	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the law which God once made glorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	10	d7k5		ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μέρει	1	in this respect	Alternate translation: “in this way”
 2CO	3	11	zwb2	figs-metaphor	τὸ καταργούμενον	1	that which was fading away	This refers to “the ministry of condemnation,” which Paul speaks of as if it were an object capable of disappearing. Alternate translation: “that which was becoming useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	3	12	tnc1		ἔχοντες οὖν τοιαύτην ἐλπίδα	1	Since we have such a hope	The word **Therefore** refers to what Paul has just said. His **hope** comes from knowing that the new covenant has an eternal glory.
@@ -145,17 +145,17 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	3	14	zm7j		ἄχρι γὰρ τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας	1	For until this present day	Here, **the present day** refers to the time at which Paul was writing to the Corinthians.
 2CO	3	14	w68p	figs-metaphor	τὸ αὐτὸ κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τῇ ἀναγνώσει τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης μένει	1	when they read the old covenant, that same veil remains	Just as the Israelites could not see the glory on Moses’ face because he covered his face with a **veil**, there is a spiritual veil that prevents people from understanding when they read the **old covenant**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	3	14	gg2d		ἐπὶ τῇ ἀναγνώσει τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης	1	when they read the old covenant	Alternate translation: “when they hear someone read the old covenant”
-2CO	3	14	gl8l	figs-activepassive	μὴ ἀνακαλυπτόμενον, ὅτι ἐν Χριστῷ καταργεῖται	1	It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away	Here, **it** refers to “the same veil.” You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “no one removes the veil, because only in Christ does God remove it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	14	gl8l	figs-activepassive	μὴ ἀνακαλυπτόμενον, ὅτι ἐν Χριστῷ καταργεῖται	1	It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away	Here, **it** refers to “the same veil.” If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “no one removes the veil, because only in Christ does God remove it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	15	rjh5		ἀλλ’ ἕως σήμερον	1	But even today	Here the word **today** refers to the time at which Paul was writing to the Corinthians.
 2CO	3	15	t3dl	figs-metonymy	ἡνίκα ἂν ἀναγινώσκηται Μωϋσῆς	1	whenever Moses is read	Here the word **Moses** refers to the Old Testament law that Moses wrote down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CO	3	15	ip29	figs-activepassive	ἡνίκα ἂν ἀναγινώσκηται Μωϋσῆς	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whenever someone reads the Mosaic law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	15	ip29	figs-activepassive	ἡνίκα ἂν ἀναγινώσκηται Μωϋσῆς	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whenever someone reads the Mosaic law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	15	gwp9	figs-metonymy	κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν κεῖται	1	a veil lies over their heart	Here the word **heart** represents what people think. Alternate translation: “a veil prevents them from understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	3	15	bb5u	figs-metaphor	κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν κεῖται	1		Here the people being unable to understand the old covenant is spoken of as if they have **a veil** that covers **their heart** the way a physical veil would cover their eyes. Alternate translation: “they are unable to understand what they are hearing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	3	16	k2dr	figs-metaphor	ἡνίκα…ἐὰν ἐπιστρέψῃ πρὸς Κύριον	1	whenever a person turns to the Lord	Here, **turn to** is a metaphor that means to become loyal to someone. Alternate translation: “when a person starts to worship the Lord” or “when a person starts to trust in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	3	16	w1y2	figs-activepassive	περιαιρεῖται τὸ κάλυμμα	1	the veil is taken away	God gives them the ability to understand. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God lifts the veil away” or “God gives them the ability to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	16	w1y2	figs-activepassive	περιαιρεῖται τὸ κάλυμμα	1	the veil is taken away	God gives them the ability to understand. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God lifts the veil away” or “God gives them the ability to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	18	r6rx	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς δὲ πάντες	1	Now we all	Here the word **we** refers to all believers, including Paul and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	3	18	l3xw	figs-metaphor	ἀνακεκαλυμμένῳ προσώπῳ, τὴν δόξαν Κυρίου κατοπτριζόμενοι	1	with unveiled faces, see as a reflection the glory of the Lord	Unlike the Israelites who could not see God’s glory reflected on Moses’ face because he had covered it with a veil, there is nothing to prevent believers from seeing and understanding God’s **glory**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	3	18	rc9x	figs-activepassive	τὴν αὐτὴν εἰκόνα μεταμορφούμεθα	1	are being transformed into the same image	The Spirit is changing believers to be glorious like Jesus. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord is transforming us into his same glorious likeness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	3	18	rc9x	figs-activepassive	τὴν αὐτὴν εἰκόνα μεταμορφούμεθα	1	are being transformed into the same image	The Spirit is changing believers to be glorious like Jesus. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord is transforming us into his same glorious likeness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	3	18	bx5b		ἀπὸ δόξης εἰς δόξαν	1	from glory to glory	“from one amount of glory to another amount of glory.” This means that the Spirit is constantly increasing the **glory** of believers.
 2CO	3	18	mw3v		καθάπερ ἀπὸ Κυρίου	1	just as from the Lord	Alternate translation: “just as this comes from the Lord”
 2CO	4	intro	rx1c			0		# 2 Corinthians 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins with the word “therefore.” This connects it to what the previous chapter teaches. How these chapters are divided may be confusing to the reader.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ministry<br><br>Paul ministers to people by telling them about Christ. He does not try to trick people into believing. If they do not understand the gospel, it is because the problem is ultimately spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Life and death<br><br>Paul does not refer here to physical life and death. Life represents the new life a Christian has in Jesus. Death represents the old way of living before believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Hope<br><br>Paul uses a repeated pattern in a purposeful way. He makes a statement. Then he denies a seemingly opposite or contradictory statement or gives an exception. Together these give the reader hope in difficult circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]])
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	4	2	aj24		συνιστάνοντες ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς πᾶσαν συνείδησιν ἀνθρώπων	1	commending ourselves to every person’s conscience	This means that they provide enough evidence for each person who hears them to decide whether they are right or wrong.
 2CO	4	2	f6n1	figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	before God	Here, **before God** refers to God’s presence. God’s understanding and approval of Paul’s truthfulness is referred to as God being able to see them. Alternate translation: “with God as witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	4	3	mti5	figs-metaphor	εἰ δὲ καὶ ἔστιν κεκαλυμμένον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἡμῶν, ἐν τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις ἐστὶν κεκαλυμμένον	1	But if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled only to those who are perishing	This refers back to what Paul said starting in [2 Corinthians 3:14](../03/14.md). There Paul explained that there is a spiritual **veil** that prevents people from understanding when they read the old covenant. In the same way, people are not able to understand the **gospel**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	4	3	hz2f	figs-activepassive	εἰ…ἔστιν κεκαλυμμένον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἡμῶν…ἐστὶν κεκαλυμμένον	1	if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if a veil covers our gospel, that veil covers it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	3	hz2f	figs-activepassive	εἰ…ἔστιν κεκαλυμμένον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἡμῶν…ἐστὶν κεκαλυμμένον	1	if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if a veil covers our gospel, that veil covers it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	3	e5yu		τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἡμῶν	1	our gospel	Alternate translation: “the gospel that we preach”
 2CO	4	4	r6pz	figs-metaphor	ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἐτύφλωσεν τὰ νοήματα τῶν ἀπίστων	1	the god of this age has blinded the minds of the unbelieving	Paul speaks of the **minds** of unbelievers as if they had eyes, and their inability to understand as their minds being unable to see. Alternate translation: “the god of this world has prevented unbelievers from understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	4	4	tx9h		ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου	1	the god of this world	“the god who rules this world.” This phrase refers to Satan.
@@ -186,50 +186,50 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	4	6	p736	figs-metaphor	τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν προσώπῳ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ	Just as God’s **glory** shone upon Moses’ face ([2 Corinthians 3:7](../03/07.md)), it also shines upon **the face of Jesus**. This means that when Paul preaches the gospel, people are able to see and understand the message about God’s glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	4	7	xe5i	figs-exclusive	ἔχομεν δὲ	1	But we have	Here the word **we** refers to Paul and his coworkers, but not to the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	4	7	xx2c	figs-metaphor	ἔχομεν…τὸν θησαυρὸν τοῦτον ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν	1	we have this treasure in jars of clay	Paul speaks of the gospel as if it were a** treasure** and their bodies as if they were breakable **jars** made out of **clay**. This emphasizes that they are of little value compared to the worth of the gospel that they preach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	4	8	ga9z	figs-activepassive	ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι	1	We are afflicted in every way	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “People afflict us in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	4	9	bz8m	figs-activepassive	διωκόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐνκαταλειπόμενοι	1	We are persecuted but not forsaken	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people persecute us but God does not forsake us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	4	9	uvq1	figs-activepassive	καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι	1	We are struck down but not destroyed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people strike us down but do not destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	8	ga9z	figs-activepassive	ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι	1	We are afflicted in every way	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “People afflict us in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	9	bz8m	figs-activepassive	διωκόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐνκαταλειπόμενοι	1	We are persecuted but not forsaken	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people persecute us but God does not forsake us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	9	uvq1	figs-activepassive	καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι	1	We are struck down but not destroyed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people strike us down but do not destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	10	zt4b	figs-metaphor	πάντοτε τὴν νέκρωσιν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι περιφέροντες	1	We always carry in our body the death of Jesus	Paul speaks of his sufferings as if they are an experience of **the death of Jesus**. Alternate translation: “we are often in danger of dying, as Jesus died” or “we always suffer in such a way that we experience the death of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	4	10	l6f6		καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ	1	the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies	This could mean: (1) our bodies will live again, because **Jesus** is alive. (2) the spiritual **life** that **Jesus** gives also may be shown in our bodies.
-2CO	4	10	w3jc	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ	1	the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “other people may also see the life of Jesus in our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	10	w3jc	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ	1	the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “other people may also see the life of Jesus in our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	11	ht74	figs-metaphor	ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς, οἱ ζῶντες, εἰς θάνατον παραδιδόμεθα διὰ Ἰησοῦν	1	For we who are alive are always being handed over to death for the sake of Jesus	Here, **being handed over to death** represents being in danger of dying because of being loyal to Jesus. Alternate translation: “for those of us who are alive, God is always leading us to face death because we are joined to Jesus” or “for people are always causing us who are alive to be in danger of dying because we are joined to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	4	11	d1wm		ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν	1	so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh	God wants Jesus’ **life** to **be shown** in us. This could mean: (1) our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive. (2) the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md).
-2CO	4	11	ww5r	figs-activepassive	ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν	1	so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh	You can state this in active form. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “so other people may see the life of Jesus in our body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	11	ww5r	figs-activepassive	ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν	1	so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “so other people may see the life of Jesus in our body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	12	q3il	figs-personification	ὁ θάνατος ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνεργεῖται, ἡ δὲ ζωὴ ἐν ὑμῖν	1	death is at work in us, but life is at work in you	Paul speaks of **death** and **life** as if they are persons who can **work**. This means that they are always in danger of physical death so that the Corinthians can have spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 2CO	4	13	ret6		τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως	1	the same spirit of faith	Here the word **spirit** refers a person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “the same attitude of faith”
-2CO	4	13	gzf4	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον	1	according to that which was written	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as the one who wrote these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	13	gzf4	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον	1	according to that which was written	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as the one who wrote these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	13	il5h		ἐπίστευσα, διὸ ἐλάλησα	1	I believed, and so I spoke	This is a quote from the Psalms.
 2CO	4	14	t2i8	figs-idiom	ὁ ἐγείρας τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ…ἐγερεῖ	1	that the one who raised the Lord Jesus will … raise	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “the one who caused the Lord Jesus to live again will also raise” or “God, who raised the Lord Jesus, will also raise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2CO	4	15	v7sj		τὰ γὰρ πάντα δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	For all these things are for your sake	Here, **all these things** refers to all of the sufferings that Paul has described in previous verses.
-2CO	4	15	l1mu	figs-activepassive	ἡ χάρις πλεονάσασα διὰ τῶν πλειόνων	1	the grace that is abounding to more and more people	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as God spreads his grace to many more people, it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	15	l1mu	figs-activepassive	ἡ χάρις πλεονάσασα διὰ τῶν πλειόνων	1	the grace that is abounding to more and more people	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as God spreads his grace to many more people, it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	15	u8pp	figs-metaphor	τὴν εὐχαριστίαν περισσεύσῃ	1	thanksgiving may increase	Paul speaks of **thanksgiving** as if it were an object that could become larger by itself. Alternate translation: “more and more people may give thanks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	4	16	u6e5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul writes that the Corinthian difficulties are minor and do not last long when compared to the unseen eternal things.
 2CO	4	16	cb92	figs-doublenegatives	διὸ οὐκ ἐνκακοῦμεν	1	So we do not become discouraged	You can state this as a positive. Alternate translation: “So we remain confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 2CO	4	16	hhv6	figs-explicit	ὁ ἔξω ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος διαφθείρεται	1	outwardly we are wasting away	This refers to their physical bodies decaying and dying. Alternate translation: “our physical bodies are getting weak and dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	4	16	s9b2	figs-explicit	ὁ ἔσω ἡμῶν ἀνακαινοῦται ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ	1	inwardly we are being renewed day by day	This refers to their inward, spiritual lives getting stronger. Alternate translation: “our spiritual beings are being strengthened day by day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-2CO	4	16	zct5	figs-activepassive	ὁ ἔσω ἡμῶν ἀνακαινοῦται ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ	1	inwardly we are being renewed day by day	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God is renewing our inward being more each day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	16	zct5	figs-activepassive	ὁ ἔσω ἡμῶν ἀνακαινοῦται ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ	1	inwardly we are being renewed day by day	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God is renewing our inward being more each day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	17	pd63	figs-metaphor	τὸ γὰρ παραυτίκα ἐλαφρὸν τῆς θλίψεως ἡμῶν…αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης, κατεργάζεται ἡμῖν	1	this momentary, light affliction is preparing us for an eternal weight of glory	Paul speaks of his sufferings and the **glory** that God will give him as if they were objects that can be weighed. The glory far outweighs the suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	4	17	na9y	figs-metaphor	καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν εἰς ὑπερβολὴν	1	that exceeds all measurement	The glory that Paul will experience is so heavy that no one can measure it. Alternate translation: “that cannot be measured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	4	17	d9re	figs-activepassive	καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν εἰς ὑπερβολὴν	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one can measure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	4	18	t2fp	figs-activepassive	τὰ βλεπόμενα, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα	1	things that are seen … things that are unseen	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “things that we can see, but not the things that we cannot see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	17	d9re	figs-activepassive	καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν εἰς ὑπερβολὴν	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one can measure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	4	18	t2fp	figs-activepassive	τὰ βλεπόμενα, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα	1	things that are seen … things that are unseen	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “things that we can see, but not the things that we cannot see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	18	f97x	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα	1	but for things that are unseen	You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “but we are watching for things that are unseen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 2CO	5	intro	s14p			0		# 2 Corinthians 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### New bodies in heaven<br><br>Paul knows that when he dies he will receive a much better body. Because of this, he is not afraid of being killed for preaching the gospel. So he tells others that they too can be reconciled to God. Christ will take away their sin and give them his righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### New creation<br><br>The old and new creation probably refers to how Paul illustrates the old and new self. These concepts are also the same as the old and new man. The term “old” probably does not refer to the sinful nature with which a person is born. It refers to the old way of living or the Christian formerly being bound to sin. The “new creation” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Home<br><br>The Christian’s home is no longer in the world. A Christian’s real home is in heaven. By using this metaphor, Paul emphasizes that the Christian’s circumstances in this world are temporary. It gives hope to those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The message of reconciliation”<br><br>This refers to the gospel. Paul calls for people who are hostile to God to repent and be reconciled to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])
 2CO	5	1	p7b7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues by contrasting believers’ earthly bodies to the heavenly ones God will give.
 2CO	5	1	z4vs	figs-metaphor	ἐὰν ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους καταλυθῇ, οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἔχομεν	1	if the earthly dwelling that we live in is destroyed, we have a building from God	Here a temporary **earthly dwelling** is a metaphor for a person’s physical body. Here a permanent “building from God” is a metaphor for the new body that God will give believers after they die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	5	1	zy2k	figs-activepassive	ἐὰν ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους καταλυθῇ	1	if the earthly dwelling that we live in is destroyed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if people destroy the earthly dwelling that we live in” or “if people kill our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	1	zy2k	figs-activepassive	ἐὰν ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους καταλυθῇ	1	if the earthly dwelling that we live in is destroyed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if people destroy the earthly dwelling that we live in” or “if people kill our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	1	bqi5	figs-synecdoche	οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον αἰώνιον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	It is a house not made by human hands	Here, **house** means the same thing as “building from God.” Here, **hands** is a synecdoche that represents the human as a whole. Alternate translation: “It is a house in heaven, not made by humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-2CO	5	1	bbvr	figs-activepassive	οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον αἰώνιον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “It is a house in heaven that humans did not make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	1	bbvr	figs-activepassive	οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον αἰώνιον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “It is a house in heaven that humans did not make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	2	tc2j		ἐν τούτῳ στενάζομεν	1	in this tent we groan	Here, **this** means the same thing as “the earthly dwelling that we live in.” The word **groan** is a sound that a person makes when they eagerly desire to have something that is good.
 2CO	5	2	ss6g	figs-metaphor	τὸ οἰκητήριον ἡμῶν τὸ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐπενδύσασθαι ἐπιποθοῦντες	1	longing to be clothed with our heavenly dwelling	The words **our dwelling that is from heaven** means the same thing as “a building from God.” Paul speaks of the new body that believers receive after they die as if it were both a building and a piece of clothing that a person can put on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	5	3	i4es		ἐνδυσάμενοι	1	we have put it on	Alternate translation: “by putting on our heavenly dwelling”
-2CO	5	3	ap7v	figs-activepassive	οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα	1	we will not be found to be naked	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we will not be naked” or “God will not find us naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	3	ap7v	figs-activepassive	οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα	1	we will not be found to be naked	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we will not be naked” or “God will not find us naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	4	bz6k	figs-metaphor	οἱ ὄντες ἐν τῷ σκήνει	1	while we are in this tent	Paul speaks of the physical body as if it were a **tent**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	5	4	e34b		ἐν τῷ σκήνει, στενάζομεν	1	in this tent, we groan	The word **tent** refers to “the earthly dwelling that we live in.” The word **groan** is a sound that a person makes when they eagerly desire to have something that is good. See how you translated this in [2 Corinthians 5:2](../05/02.md).
 2CO	5	4	cjt4	figs-metaphor	βαρούμενοι	1	being burdened	Paul refers to the difficulties that the physical body experiences as if they were heavy objects that are difficult to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	5	4	f8rb	figs-metaphor	οὐ θέλομεν ἐκδύσασθαι…ἐπενδύσασθαι	1	We do not want to be unclothed … we want to be clothed	Paul speaks of the body as if it were clothing for our spirit. Here, **to be unclothed** refers to the death of the physical body; “to be clothed” refers to having the resurrection body that God will give. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	5	4	n78p		ἐκδύσασθαι	1	to be unclothed	Alternate translation: “to be without clothes” or “to be naked”
 2CO	5	4	de2b	figs-metaphor	ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς	1	so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life	Paul speaks of **life** as if it were an animal that eats **the mortal**. The physical body that will die will be replaced by a resurrection body that will live forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	5	4	e5zi	figs-activepassive	ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς	1	so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that life may swallow up what is mortal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	4	e5zi	figs-activepassive	ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς	1	so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that life may swallow up what is mortal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	5	g7yj	figs-metaphor	ὁ δοὺς ἡμῖν τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος	1	who gave us the Spirit as the down payment	The **Spirit** is spoken of as if he were a partial **down payment** toward eternal life. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	5	6	clh5			0	Connecting Statement:	Because believers will have a new body and have the Holy Spirit as a pledge, Paul reminds them to live by faith that they may please the Lord. He continues by reminding them to persuade others because: (1) Believers will appear at the judgment seat of Christ. (2) Christ who died for believers in love.
 2CO	5	6	xv3m	figs-metaphor	ἐνδημοῦντες ἐν τῷ σώματι	1	being at home in the body	Paul speaks of the physical **body** as if it were a place where a person dwells. Alternate translation: “while we are living in this earthly body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -241,11 +241,11 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	5	9	j1sl		εὐάρεστοι αὐτῷ εἶναι	1	to be pleasing to him	Alternate translation: “to please the Lord”
 2CO	5	10	kdf2		ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	before the judgment seat of Christ	Alternate translation: “before Christ to be judged”
 2CO	5	10	c499		κομίσηται ἕκαστος	1	each one may receive back the things done in	Alternate translation: “each person may receive what he deserves for”
-2CO	5	10	v8sl	figs-activepassive	τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος	1	the things done in the body	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things he has done in the physical body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	10	v8sl	figs-activepassive	τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος	1	the things done in the body	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things he has done in the physical body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	10	lsh8		εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε κακὸν	1	whether for good or for bad	Alternate translation: “whether those things were good or bad”
 2CO	5	11	dzh5		εἰδότες…τὸν φόβον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	knowing the fear of the Lord	Alternate translation: “knowing what it means to fear the Lord”
 2CO	5	11	qm34	figs-explicit	ἀνθρώπους πείθομεν	1	we persuade people	This could mean: (1) **we persuade** people of the truth of the gospel. (2) **we persuade** people that we are legitimate apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-2CO	5	11	v11v	figs-activepassive	Θεῷ…πεφανερώμεθα	1	What we are is clearly seen by God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God clearly sees what kind of people we are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	11	v11v	figs-activepassive	Θεῷ…πεφανερώμεθα	1	What we are is clearly seen by God	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God clearly sees what kind of people we are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	11	y5l1		καὶ ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσιν ὑμῶν πεφανερῶσθαι	1	that it is also clear to your conscience	Alternate translation: “that you are also convinced of it”
 2CO	5	12	mza1		ἵνα ἔχητε	1	so you may have an answer	Alternate translation: “so you may have something to say to”
 2CO	5	12	it2r	figs-metonymy	τοὺς ἐν προσώπῳ καυχωμένους, καὶ μὴ ἐν καρδίᾳ	1	those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart	Here the word **face** refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word **heart** refers to the inward character of a person. Alternate translation: “those who praise their own actions, but do not care about what they really are in their inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -264,9 +264,9 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	5	19	w1d1	figs-metonymy	ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ	1	in Christ God is reconciling the world to himself	Here, **the world** refers to the people in the world. Alternate translation: “in Christ, God was reconciling mankind to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	5	19	b62q		θέμενος ἐν ἡμῖν τὸν λόγον τῆς καταλλαγῆς	1	He is entrusting to us the message of reconciliation	God has given Paul the responsibility to spread the message that God is reconciling people to himself.
 2CO	5	19	ix97		τὸν λόγον τῆς καταλλαγῆς	1	the message of reconciliation	Alternate translation: “the message about reconciliation”
-2CO	5	20	wg8f	figs-activepassive	ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ οὖν πρεσβεύομεν	1	Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has appointed us as Christ’s representatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	20	wg8f	figs-activepassive	ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ οὖν πρεσβεύομεν	1	Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has appointed us as Christ’s representatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	20	q9u9		ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ…πρεσβεύομεν	1	representatives of Christ	Alternate translation: “we are those who speak for Christ”
-2CO	5	20	a6fx	figs-activepassive	καταλλάγητε τῷ Θεῷ	1	Be reconciled to God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Let God reconcile you to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	5	20	a6fx	figs-activepassive	καταλλάγητε τῷ Θεῷ	1	Be reconciled to God	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Let God reconcile you to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	21	jp2a		τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν, ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν	1	The one who did not know sin, he made sin for us	Alternate translation: “God made Christ become the sacrifice for our sin”
 2CO	5	21	hz6z	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν…ἡμεῖς	1	us … we	Here the words **us** and **we** are inclusive and refer to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	5	21	ebz2		τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν	1	The one who did not know sin	Alternate translation: “Christ, the one who never sinned”
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	6	2	u9kc	figs-explicit	λέγει γάρ	1	For he says	This introduces a quotation from the prophet Isaiah. Alternate translation: “for God says in scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	6	2	sa94		ἰδοὺ	1	Look	The word **Behold** here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
 2CO	6	3	v3wc	figs-metaphor	μηδεμίαν ἐν μηδενὶ διδόντες προσκοπήν	1	We do not place a stumbling block in front of anyone	Paul speaks of anything that would prevent a person from trusting in Christ as if it were a physical object over which that person trips and falls. Alternate translation: “we do not want to do anything that will prevent people from believing our message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	6	3	he3c	figs-activepassive	μὴ μωμηθῇ ἡ διακονία	1	our ministry might not	The word **discredited** refers to people speaking badly about Paul’s ministry, and working against the message he proclaims. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “no oner will be able to speak badly about our ministry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	6	3	he3c	figs-activepassive	μὴ μωμηθῇ ἡ διακονία	1	our ministry might not	The word **discredited** refers to people speaking badly about Paul’s ministry, and working against the message he proclaims. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “no oner will be able to speak badly about our ministry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	6	4	xd9l	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	When Paul uses **we** here, he is referring to himself and Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	6	4	p9up		ἐν παντὶ συνιστάντες ἑαυτοὺς ὡς Θεοῦ διάκονοι	1	we commend ourselves in everything as God’s servants	Alternate translation: “we prove that we are God’s servants by all that we do”
 2CO	6	4	xyf9		Θεοῦ διάκονοι: ἐν ὑπομονῇ πολλῇ, ἐν θλίψεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐν στενοχωρίαις	1	God’s servants; in much endurance, affliction, distress, hardship	Paul mentions various difficult situations in which they proved that they are **God’s servants**.
@@ -292,17 +292,17 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	6	7	ef5b		τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης	1	the weapons of righteousness	Alternate translation: “righteousness as our armor” or “righteousness as our weapons”
 2CO	6	7	ijr2		τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν	1	for the right hand and for the left	This could mean: (1) there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other. (2) they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction.
 2CO	6	8	zi7d	figs-merism		0	General Information:	Paul lists several extremes of how people think about him and his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-2CO	6	8	e4pf	figs-activepassive	ὡς πλάνοι	1	as imposters	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people accuse us of being deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	6	9	fcb5	figs-activepassive	ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι	1	as if we were unknown and we are still well known	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if people did not know us and yet people still know us well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	6	9	r1d9	figs-activepassive	ὡς παιδευόμενοι καὶ μὴ θανατούμενοι	1	as being punished, and yet not being killed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we work as if people are punishing us for our actions but not as if they have condemned us to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	6	8	e4pf	figs-activepassive	ὡς πλάνοι	1	as imposters	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people accuse us of being deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	6	9	fcb5	figs-activepassive	ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι	1	as if we were unknown and we are still well known	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if people did not know us and yet people still know us well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	6	9	r1d9	figs-activepassive	ὡς παιδευόμενοι καὶ μὴ θανατούμενοι	1	as being punished, and yet not being killed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we work as if people are punishing us for our actions but not as if they have condemned us to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	6	11	vh9v			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages the believers at Corinth to be separated from idols and live clean lives for God.
 2CO	6	11	v74j		τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	Our mouth has been opened to you	Alternate translation: “We have spoken honestly to you”
 2CO	6	11	mv85	figs-metaphor	ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν πεπλάτυνται	1	our heart is opened wide	Paul speaks of his great affection for the Corinthians as having a **heart** that is open. Alternate translation: “we love you very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	6	11	r815	figs-metonymy	ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν πεπλάτυνται	1		Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	6	12	m2kq	figs-metaphor	οὐ στενοχωρεῖσθε ἐν ἡμῖν, στενοχωρεῖσθε δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν	1		Paul speaks of the Corinthians lack of love for him as if their **inward parts** were squeezed into a tight space. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	6	12	u4fz	figs-activepassive	οὐ στενοχωρεῖσθε ἐν ἡμῖν	1	You are not restrained by us	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “We have not restrained you” or “We have not given you any reason to stop loving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	6	12	u4fz	figs-activepassive	οὐ στενοχωρεῖσθε ἐν ἡμῖν	1	You are not restrained by us	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “We have not restrained you” or “We have not given you any reason to stop loving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	6	12	xv9t	figs-metonymy	στενοχωρεῖσθε δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν	1	You are not restrained by us, but you are restrained in your affections	Here, **inward parts** is a metonym for a person’s emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CO	6	12	ecn4	figs-activepassive	στενοχωρεῖσθε δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν	1	you are restrained in your affections	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but your own hearts are restraining you” or “but you have stopped loving us for your own reasons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	6	12	ecn4	figs-activepassive	στενοχωρεῖσθε δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν	1	you are restrained in your affections	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but your own hearts are restraining you” or “but you have stopped loving us for your own reasons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	6	13	c6vp	figs-metaphor	πλατύνθητε καὶ ὑμεῖς	1	open yourselves wide also	Paul urges the Corinthians to love him as he has loved them. Alternate translation: “love us back” or “love us much as we have loved you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	6	14	wj41			0	General Information:	In verse 16, Paul paraphrases portions from several Old Testament prophets: Moses, Zechariah, Amos, and possibly others.
 2CO	6	14	v7kk	figs-doublenegatives	μὴ γίνεσθε ἑτεροζυγοῦντες ἀπίστοις	1	Do not be yoked together with unbelievers	You can state this in positive terms. Alternate translation: “Only be tied together with believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	6	16	u5g3	figs-parallelism	ἐνοικήσω ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐνπεριπατήσω	1	I will dwell among them and walk among them.	This is an Old Testament quotation that speaks of God being with the people in two different ways that mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 2CO	6	16	g0nl	figs-metaphor	ἐνοικήσω ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐνπεριπατήσω	1		The words **dwell among** speak of living where others live, while the words **walk among** speak of being with them as they go about their lives. Alternate translation: “I will be with them and help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	6	17	fe1z			0	General Information:	Paul quotes portions from the Old Testament prophets, Isaiah and Ezekiel.
-2CO	6	17	z5ld	figs-activepassive	ἀφορίσθητε	1	be separate	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “set yourselves apart” or “allow me to set you apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	6	17	z5ld	figs-activepassive	ἀφορίσθητε	1	be separate	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “set yourselves apart” or “allow me to set you apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	6	17	c8jq	figs-doublenegatives	ἀκαθάρτου μὴ ἅπτεσθε	1	Touch no unclean thing	You can state this in positive terms. Alternate translation: “touch only things that are clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 2CO	7	intro	hg36			0		# 2 Corinthians 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In verses 2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He then writes about Titus’ return and the comfort it brought.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Clean and unclean<br><br>Christians are “clean” in the sense that God has cleansed them from sin. They do not need to be concerned with being clean according to the law of Moses. Ungodly living can still make a Christian unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Sadness and sorrow<br><br>The words “sad” and “sorrow” in this chapter indicate that the Corinthians were upset to the point of repenting. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### We<br><br>Paul likely uses the pronoun “we” to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people.<br><br>### Original situation<br><br>This chapter discusses in detail a previous situation. We can figure out some aspects of this situation from the information in this chapter. But it is best not to include this type of implicit information in a translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	7	1	e7t9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to remind them to be separated from sin and to seek holiness purposefully.
@@ -333,28 +333,28 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	7	3	bhb7		πρὸς κατάκρισιν οὐ λέγω	1	I do not speak for your condemnation	Here, Paul refers back to what he has just said about not having wronged anyone. Alternate translation: “I do not say this to accuse you of having done wrong.”
 2CO	7	3	fay3	figs-metaphor	ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν ἐστε	1	you are in our hearts	Paul speaks of his and his associates’ great love for the Corinthians as if they held them in their hearts. Alternate translation: “you are very dear to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	7	3	xzg3	figs-idiom	εἰς τὸ συναποθανεῖν καὶ συνζῆν	1	for us to die together and to live together	This means that Paul and his associates will continue to love the Corinthians no matter what happens. Alternate translation: “whether we live or whether we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-2CO	7	4	mh12	figs-activepassive	πεπλήρωμαι τῇ παρακλήσει	1	I am filled with encouragement	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “You fill me with comfort” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	7	4	mh12	figs-activepassive	πεπλήρωμαι τῇ παρακλήσει	1	I am filled with encouragement	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “You fill me with comfort” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	7	4	mx9b	figs-metaphor	ὑπερπερισσεύομαι τῇ χαρᾷ	1	I overflow with joy	Paul speaks of **joy** as if it is a liquid that fills him until he overflows. Alternate translation: “I am extremely joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	7	4	mr75		ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν	1	even in all our afflictions	Alternate translation: “despite all our hardships”
 2CO	7	5	f3c5	figs-exclusive	ἐλθόντων ἡμῶν εἰς Μακεδονίαν	1	When we came to Macedonia	Here the word **we** refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Corinthians or Titus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	7	5	c8ju	figs-synecdoche	οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν ἡ σὰρξ ἡμῶν	1	our flesh had no rest	Here, **our flesh** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we had no rest” or “we were very tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-2CO	7	5	h3cv	figs-activepassive	ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι	1	we were troubled in every way	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we experienced every kind of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	7	5	h3cv	figs-activepassive	ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι	1	we were troubled in every way	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we experienced every kind of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	7	5	i4wr	figs-explicit	ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι	1	by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside	Here, **without** could mean: (1) “outside of our bodies.” (2) “outside of the church.” The word **within** refers to their inward emotions. Alternate translation: “by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	7	7	w7td	figs-explicit	ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει ᾗ παρεκλήθη ἐφ’ ὑμῖν	1	by the comfort that Titus had received from you	Paul received **comfort** from knowing that the Corinthians had **comforted** Titus. Alternate translation: “by learning about the comfort that Titus had received from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	7	8	b2xj			0	General Information:	This refers to Paul’s previous letter to these Corinthian believers where he rebuked them for their acceptance of a believer’s sexual immorality with his father’s wife.
 2CO	7	8	jic5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul praises them for their godly sorrow, their zeal to do right, and the joy that it brought him and Titus.
 2CO	7	8	vk7m		βλέπω ὅτι ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἐκείνη	1	when I saw that my letter	Alternate translation: “when I learned that my letter”
-2CO	7	9	kn5q	figs-activepassive	οὐχ ὅτι ἐλυπήθητε	1	not because you were distressed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not because what I said in my letter distressed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	7	9	kn5q	figs-activepassive	οὐχ ὅτι ἐλυπήθητε	1	not because you were distressed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not because what I said in my letter distressed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	7	9	l6d2	figs-idiom	ἐν μηδενὶ ζημιωθῆτε ἐξ ἡμῶν	1	you would not suffer loss in anything through us	This means that although the letter caused them sorrow, they eventually benefited from the letter because it led them to repentance. Alternate translation: “so that we did not harm you in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2CO	7	10	dtm3	figs-ellipsis	ἡ γὰρ κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη, μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν…ἐργάζεται	1	For the sorrow that God intends produces repentance that leads to salvation	The word **repentance** may be repeated to clarify its relationship to what precedes it and what follows it. Alternate translation: “For godly sorrow produces repentance, and repentance leads to salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 2CO	7	10	lc4m		ἀμεταμέλητον	1	without regret	This could mean: (1) Paul has no **regret** that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation. (2) the Corinthians will not **regret** experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation.
 2CO	7	10	lc1s	figs-explicit	ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη, θάνατον κατεργάζεται	1	But the sorrow of the world produces death	This kind of **sorrow** leads to **death** instead of salvation because it does not produce repentance. Alternate translation: “Worldly sorrow, however, leads to spiritual death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	7	11	gpp2	figs-exclamations	ἀλλὰ ἀπολογίαν	1	what earnestness, what eagerness to defend yourselves	Here the word **what** makes this statement an exclamation. Alternate translation: “your determination to prove you were innocent was very great!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
-2CO	7	11	h6jc	figs-activepassive	ἀλλὰ ἐκδίκησιν	1	what avenging of wrong	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone should carry out justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	7	12	i6sn	figs-activepassive	τοῦ φανερωθῆναι τὴν σπουδὴν ὑμῶν, τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	your good will toward us should be made known to you in the sight of God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you would know that your good will toward us is sincere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	7	11	h6jc	figs-activepassive	ἀλλὰ ἐκδίκησιν	1	what avenging of wrong	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone should carry out justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	7	12	i6sn	figs-activepassive	τοῦ φανερωθῆναι τὴν σπουδὴν ὑμῶν, τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	your good will toward us should be made known to you in the sight of God	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you would know that your good will toward us is sincere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	7	12	ycy7		ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	before God	Here, **before God** refers to God’s presence. See how you translated this in [2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/02.md).
-2CO	7	13	kn2q	figs-activepassive	διὰ τοῦτο παρακεκλήμεθα	1	For this reason we are encouraged	Here the phrase **this reason** refers to the way the Corinthians responded to Paul’s previous letter, as he described in the previous verse. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “This is what encourages us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	7	13	v2g6	figs-activepassive	ἀναπέπαυται τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν	1	his spirit was refreshed by all of you	Here the word **spirit** refers to a person’s temperament and disposition. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “all of you refreshed his spirit” or “all of you made him stop worrying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	7	13	kn2q	figs-activepassive	διὰ τοῦτο παρακεκλήμεθα	1	For this reason we are encouraged	Here the phrase **this reason** refers to the way the Corinthians responded to Paul’s previous letter, as he described in the previous verse. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “This is what encourages us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	7	13	v2g6	figs-activepassive	ἀναπέπαυται τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν	1	his spirit was refreshed by all of you	Here the word **spirit** refers to a person’s temperament and disposition. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “all of you refreshed his spirit” or “all of you made him stop worrying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	7	14	b4uq		ὅτι εἴ τι αὐτῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κεκαύχημαι	1	For if I boasted to him about you	Alternate translation: “For although I boasted to him about you”
 2CO	7	14	m22c		οὐ κατῃσχύνθην	1	I was not embarrassed	Alternate translation: “you did not disappoint me”
 2CO	7	14	q5hg		ἡ καύχησις ἡμῶν ἡ ἐπὶ Τίτου ἀλήθεια ἐγενήθη	1	our boasting about you to Titus proved to be true	Alternate translation: “you proved to Titus that our boasting about you was true”
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	7	15	q47h		μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου	1	with fear and trembling	This could refer to: (1) great reverence for God. (2) great reverence for Titus.
 2CO	8	intro	kl7m			0		# 2 Corinthians 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section. Paul writes about how churches in Greece helped needy believers in Jerusalem.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gift to the church in Jerusalem<br><br>The church in Corinth started preparing to give money to the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also had given generously. Paul sends Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem. They want people to know it is being done honestly.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### We<br><br>Paul likely uses the pronoun “we” to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people.<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. These words in verse 2 are a paradox: “the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity.” In verse 3 Paul explains how their poverty produced riches. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other paradoxes. ([2 Corinthians 8:2](../08/02.md))
 2CO	8	1	mm8g			0	Connecting Statement:	Having explained his changed plans and his ministry direction, Paul talks about giving.
-2CO	8	1	d1mj	figs-activepassive	τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δεδομένην ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Μακεδονίας	1	the grace of God that has been given to the churches of Macedonia	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	8	1	d1mj	figs-activepassive	τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δεδομένην ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Μακεδονίας	1	the grace of God that has been given to the churches of Macedonia	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	8	2	fsq8	figs-personification	ἡ περισσεία τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ κατὰ βάθους πτωχεία αὐτῶν, ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς ἁπλότητος αὐτῶν	1	the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity	Paul speaks of **joy** and **poverty** as if they were living things that can produce generosity. Alternate translation: “because of the people’s great joy and extreme poverty, they have become very generous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 2CO	8	2	b7k5	figs-metaphor	ἡ περισσεία τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτῶν	1	the abundance of their joy	Paul speaks of **joy** as if it were a physical object that could increase in size or quantity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	8	2	pr8c		ἡ κατὰ βάθους πτωχεία αὐτῶν…τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς ἁπλότητος αὐτῶν	1	their deep poverty … the riches of their generosity	Though the churches of Macedonia have suffered testings of affliction and **poverty**, by God’s grace, they have been able to collect money for the believers in Jerusalem.
@@ -381,18 +381,18 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	8	11	d6ly		καὶ τὸ ἐπιτελέσαι	1	there may be the completion	Alternate translation: “complete it” or “finish it”
 2CO	8	12	k9wh		καθὸ ἐὰν ἔχῃ	1	according to whatever a person has	Alternate translation: “if it is proportional to what the person giving has”
 2CO	8	13	mp6k			0	For this	This verse refers back to collecting money for the believers in Jerusalem.
-2CO	8	13	smk2	figs-activepassive	ἵνα ἄλλοις ἄνεσις, ὑμῖν θλῖψις	1	for the ease of others, and your affliction	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that you may relieve others and burden yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	8	13	smk2	figs-activepassive	ἵνα ἄλλοις ἄνεσις, ὑμῖν θλῖψις	1	for the ease of others, and your affliction	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that you may relieve others and burden yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	8	13	ktd1		ἐξ ἰσότητος	1	for the sake of equality	Alternate translation: “so that there would be equality”
 2CO	8	14	v7aj		ἵνα καὶ τὸ ἐκείνων περίσσευμα γένηται εἰς τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα	1	This is also so that their abundance may supply your need	Since the Corinthians are acting in the present time, it is implied that the believers in Jerusalem will also help them at some time in the future. Alternate translation: “this is also so that in the future their abundance may supply your need”
-2CO	8	15	ue8w	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	as it is written	Here Paul quotes from Exodus. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	8	15	ue8w	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	as it is written	Here Paul quotes from Exodus. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	8	15	u28y	figs-doublenegatives	οὐκ ἠλαττόνησεν	1	did not have too little	You can state this positively. Alternate translation: “had all he needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 2CO	8	16	cr18	figs-synecdoche	τῷ διδόντι τὴν αὐτὴν σπουδὴν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Τίτου	1	who put into Titus’ heart the same earnest care that I have for you	Here, **heart** refers to the emotions. This means that God caused Titus to love them. Alternate translation: “the one who made Titus care for you as much as I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 2CO	8	16	vsm3		τὴν αὐτὴν σπουδὴν	1	same earnest care	Alternate translation: “the same enthusiasm” or “same deep concern”
 2CO	8	17	e4xn	figs-explicit	ὅτι τὴν μὲν παράκλησιν ἐδέξατο	1	For he not only accepted our appeal	Paul is referring to his asking Titus to return to Corinth and complete the collection. Alternate translation: “For he not only agreed to our request that he help you with the collection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	8	18	rje2		μετ’ αὐτοῦ	1	with him	Alternate translation: “with Titus”
-2CO	8	18	jll9	figs-activepassive	τὸν ἀδελφὸν, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος…διὰ πασῶν τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν	1	the brother who is praised among all of the churches	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the brother whom believers among all of the churches praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	8	18	jll9	figs-activepassive	τὸν ἀδελφὸν, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος…διὰ πασῶν τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν	1	the brother who is praised among all of the churches	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the brother whom believers among all of the churches praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	8	19	j9rk		οὐ μόνον	1	Not only this	Alternate translation: “not only do believers among all of the churches praise him”
-2CO	8	19	c667	figs-activepassive	καὶ χειροτονηθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν	1	he also was selected by the churches	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the churches also selected him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	8	19	c667	figs-activepassive	καὶ χειροτονηθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν	1	he also was selected by the churches	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the churches also selected him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	8	19	k7dy		σὺν τῇ χάριτι ταύτῃ τῇ διακονουμένῃ ὑφ’ ἡμῶν	1	along with this act of grace which is being administered by us	“to carry out this act of generosity.” This refers to taking the offering to Jerusalem.
 2CO	8	19	v22x		προθυμίαν ἡμῶν	1	our readiness	Alternate translation: “our eagerness to help”
 2CO	8	20	a3ps	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ ἁδρότητι ταύτῃ τῇ διακονουμένῃ ὑφ’ ἡμῶν	1	concerning this generosity that we are carrying out	This refers to taking the offering to Jerusalem. The abstract noun **administration** can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “concerning the way we are handling this generous gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	8	22	d3yj		αὐτοῖς	1	with them	The word **them** refers to Titus and the previously mentioned brother.
 2CO	8	23	mmi2		κοινωνὸς ἐμὸς καὶ εἰς ὑμᾶς συνεργός	1	he is my partner and fellow worker for you	Alternate translation: “he is my partner who works with me to help you”
 2CO	8	23	lat3		ἀδελφοὶ ἡμῶν	1	As for our brothers	This refers to the two other men who will accompany Titus.
-2CO	8	23	u8lx	figs-activepassive	ἀπόστολοι ἐκκλησιῶν	1	they are sent by the churches	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the churches have sent them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	8	23	u8lx	figs-activepassive	ἀπόστολοι ἐκκλησιῶν	1	they are sent by the churches	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the churches have sent them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	8	23	a8v2	figs-abstractnouns	δόξα Χριστοῦ	1	an honor to Christ	You can state this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “they will cause people to honor Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CO	9	intro	lt8d			0		# 2 Corinthians 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 9, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Paul uses three agricultural metaphors. He uses them to teach about giving to needy believers. The metaphors help Paul explain that God will reward those who give generously. Paul does not say how or when God will reward them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
 2CO	9	1	rd2g	translate-names		0	General Information:	When Paul refers to Achaia, he is talking about a Roman province located in southern Greece where Corinth is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	9	3	k1er		μὴ τὸ καύχημα ἡμῶν, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, κενωθῇ	1	our boasting about you may not be futile	Paul does not want others to think that the things that he had boasted about the Corinthians were false.
 2CO	9	4	j8ey		εὕρωσιν ὑμᾶς ἀπαρασκευάστους	1	find you unprepared	Alternate translation: “find you unprepared to give”
 2CO	9	5	q1up	figs-go	τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, ἵνα προέλθωσιν εἰς ὑμᾶς	1	the brothers they they would come to you	From Paul’s perspective, the brothers are going. Alternate translation: “the brothers to go to you beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
-2CO	9	5	nm2n	figs-activepassive	μὴ ὡς πλεονεξίαν	1	not as forced	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not as something that we forced you to give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	9	5	nm2n	figs-activepassive	μὴ ὡς πλεονεξίαν	1	not as forced	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not as something that we forced you to give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	9	6	mm9w	figs-metaphor	ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως, φειδομένως καὶ θερίσει; καὶ ὁ σπείρων ἐπ’ εὐλογίαις, ἐπ’ εὐλογίαις καὶ θερίσει	1	the one who sows … will also reap in blessings	Paul uses the image of a farmer sowing seeds to describe the results of giving. As a farmer’s harvest is based on how much he **sows**, so will God’s **blessings** be little or much based on how generously the Corinthians give. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	9	7	tzt4	figs-metonymy	καθὼς προῄρηται τῇ καρδίᾳ	1	let each one give as he has decided in his heart	Here, **heart** refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “just as he has determined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	9	7	whg6	figs-abstractnouns	μὴ ἐκ λύπης ἢ ἐξ ἀνάγκης	1	not reluctantly or under compulsion	You can translate this phrase with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “not because he feels guilty or because someone is compelling him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -420,17 +420,17 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	9	8	cz9b	figs-metaphor	δυνατεῖ δὲ ὁ Θεὸς, πᾶσαν χάριν περισσεῦσαι εἰς ὑμᾶς	1	God is able to make all grace overflow for you	Here, **grace** is spoken of as if it were a physical object of which a person can have more than he can use. As a person gives financially to other believers, **God** also gives to the giver everything he needs. Alternate translation: “God is able to give you more than you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	9	8	zxz9		χάριν	1	grace	Here, **grace** refers to the physical things a Christian needs, not to the need for God to save him from his sins.
 2CO	9	8	u8w6		περισσεύητε εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν	1	you may abound in every good work	Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to do more and more good deeds”
-2CO	9	9	mma1	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	just as it is written	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “This is just as the writer wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	9	9	mma1	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	just as it is written	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “This is just as the writer wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	9	10	p3fl		ὁ…ἐπιχορηγῶν	1	He who supplies	Alternate translation: “God who supplies”
 2CO	9	10	b1xe	figs-metonymy	ἄρτον εἰς βρῶσιν	1	bread for food	Here the word **bread** refers to **food** in general. Alternate translation: “food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	9	10	uts1	figs-metaphor	χορηγήσει καὶ πληθυνεῖ τὸν σπόρον ὑμῶν	1	will supply and multiply your seed for sowing	Paul speaks of the Corinthians’ possessions as if they are seeds and of giving to others as if they were **sowing** seeds. Alternate translation: “will also supply and multiply your possessions so that you can sow them by giving them to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	9	10	ci67	figs-metaphor	αὐξήσει τὰ γενήματα τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὑμῶν	1	will increase the fruits of your righteousness	Paul compares the benefits that the Corinthians will receive from their generosity to that of a harvest. Alternate translation: “God will bless you even more for your righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	9	10	yv67		τὰ γενήματα τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὑμῶν	1	the fruits of your righteousness	Here, **righteousness** refers to the righteous actions of the Corinthians in giving their resources to the believers in Jerusalem.
-2CO	9	11	eey1	figs-activepassive	πλουτιζόμενοι	1	enriching you	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will enrich you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	9	11	eey1	figs-activepassive	πλουτιζόμενοι	1	enriching you	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will enrich you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	9	11	b3e5	figs-explicit	ἥτις κατεργάζεται δι’ ἡμῶν, εὐχαριστίαν τῷ Θεῷ	1	which produces thanksgiving to God through us	The word **which** refers to the Corinthian’s generosity. Alternate translation: “Because of your generosity, those who receive the gifts we bring them will thank God” or “and when we give your gifts to those who need them, they will give thanks to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	9	12	l7kq	figs-explicit	ὅτι ἡ διακονία τῆς λειτουργίας ταύτης	1	For the ministry of this service	Here, **service** refers to Paul and his companions bringing the contribution to the believers in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “For our carrying out this service for the believers in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	9	12	esk7	figs-metaphor	ἀλλὰ καὶ περισσεύουσα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστιῶν τῷ Θεῷ	1	but is also overflowing into many acts of thanksgiving to God	Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers’ act of service as if it were a liquid of which there is more than a container can hold. Alternate translation: “It also causes many deeds for which people will thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	9	13	plj4	figs-activepassive	διὰ τῆς δοκιμῆς τῆς διακονίας ταύτης	1	Because of the proof of this ministry	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Because this service has tested and proven you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	9	13	plj4	figs-activepassive	διὰ τῆς δοκιμῆς τῆς διακονίας ταύτης	1	Because of the proof of this ministry	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Because this service has tested and proven you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	9	13	ze14		δοξάζοντες τὸν Θεὸν ἐπὶ τῇ ὑποταγῇ τῆς ὁμολογίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἁπλότητι τῆς κοινωνίας εἰς αὐτοὺς καὶ εἰς πάντας	1	they glorify God for your obedience … the generosity of your sharing with them and with everyone	Paul says that the Corinthians will glorify God both by being faithful to Jesus and by giving generously to other believers who have need.
 2CO	9	15	es8c		ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεκδιηγήτῳ αὐτοῦ δωρεᾷ	1	for his inexpressible gift	This **gift** could refer to: (1) “the very great grace” that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous. (2) Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers.
 2CO	10	intro	abcd			0		# 2 Corinthians 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 17.<br><br>In this chapter, Paul returns to defending his authority. He also compares the way he speaks and the way he writes.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Boasting<br><br>“Boasting” is often thought of as bragging, which is not good. But in this letter “boasting” means confidently exulting or rejoicing.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>In verses 3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. He probably uses them as part of a larger metaphor about Christians being spiritually at war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive (“in the flesh”), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	10	16	raq7		ἀλλοτρίῳ κανόνι	1	another person’s area	Alternate translation: “an area that God has assigned to someone else”
 2CO	10	17	q8cc		ἐν Κυρίῳ καυχάσθω	1	boast in the Lord	Alternate translation: “let … boast about what the Lord has done”
 2CO	10	18	h81t		ὁ ἑαυτὸν συνιστάνων	1	who commends himself	This means that he provides enough evidence for each person who hears him to decide whether he is right or wrong. See how “recommend ourselves” is translated in [2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/02.md).
-2CO	10	18	n5v6	figs-activepassive	οὐ…ἐστιν δόκιμος	1	is approved	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is not whom the Lord approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	10	18	n5v6	figs-activepassive	οὐ…ἐστιν δόκιμος	1	is approved	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is not whom the Lord approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	10	18	sy2r	figs-ellipsis	ὃν ὁ Κύριος συνίστησιν	1	the one whom the Lord commends	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the one whom the Lord recommends is the one of whom the Lord approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 2CO	11	intro	abce			0		# 2 Corinthians 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul continues defending his authority.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### False teaching<br><br>The Corinthians were quick to accept false teachers. They taught things about Jesus and the gospel that were different and not true. Unlike these false teachers, Paul sacrificially served the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]])<br><br>### Light<br><br>Light is commonly used in the New Testament as a metaphor. Paul here uses light to indicate the revealing of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin. Sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Paul begins this chapter with an extended metaphor. He compares himself to the father of a bride who is giving a pure, virgin bride to her bridegroom. Wedding practices change depending on the cultural background. But the idea of helping to present someone as a grown and holy child is explicitly pictured in this passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Irony<br><br>This chapter is full of irony. Paul is hoping to shame the Corinthian believers with his irony.<br><br>“You tolerate these things well enough!” Paul thinks that they should not tolerate the way the false apostles treated them. Paul does not think they are really apostles at all.<br><br>The statement, “For you gladly put up with fools. You are wise yourselves!” means that the Corinthian believers think they were very wise but Paul does not agree.<br><br>“I will say to our shame that we were too weak to do that.” Paul is speaking about behavior he thinks is very wrong in order to avoid it. He is speaking as if he thinks he is wrong for not doing it. He uses a rhetorical question also as irony. “Did I sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>In refuting the false apostles claiming to be superior, Paul uses a series of rhetorical questions. Each question is coupled with an answer: “Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as though I were out of my mind.) I am more.”<br><br>He also uses a series of rhetorical questions to empathize with his converts: “Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who has caused another to fall into sin, and I do not burn within?”<br><br>### “Are they servants of Christ?”<br><br>This is sarcasm, a special type of irony used to mock or insult. Paul does not believe these false teachers actually serve Christ, only that they pretend to do so.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in verse 30 is a paradox: “If I must boast, I will boast about what shows my weaknesses.” Paul does not explain why he would boast in his weakness until 2 Corinthians 12:9. ([2 Corinthians 11:30](../11/30.md))
 2CO	11	1	t7ks			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to affirm his apostleship.
@@ -494,13 +494,13 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	11	9	sqcf	figs-explicit	ἐν παντὶ ἀβαρῆ ἐμαυτὸν ὑμῖν ἐτήρησα καὶ τηρήσω	1		The full meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I have done all I can to make sure you do not have to spend money so that I can be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	11	9	b35r		ἀβαρῆ ἐμαυτὸν…ἐτήρησα καὶ τηρήσω	1	I will continue to do that	Alternate translation: “I never will be a burden to you”
 2CO	11	10	si2r		ἔστιν ἀλήθεια Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ	1	the truth of Christ is in me	Paul is emphasizing that because his readers know that he tells the **truth** about **Christ**, they can know that he is telling the truth here. “As surely as you know that I truly know and proclaim the truth about Christ, you can know that what I am about to say is true”
-2CO	11	10	nae3	figs-activepassive	ἡ καύχησις αὕτη οὐ φραγήσεται εἰς ἐμὲ	1	this boasting of mine will not be silenced	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to make me stop boasting and stay silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	11	10	nae3	figs-activepassive	ἡ καύχησις αὕτη οὐ φραγήσεται εἰς ἐμὲ	1	this boasting of mine will not be silenced	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to make me stop boasting and stay silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	11	10	ua2i		ἡ καύχησις αὕτη…εἰς ἐμὲ	1	this boasting of mine	This refers to what Paul spoke about starting in ([2 Corinthians 11:7](../11/07.md)).
 2CO	11	11	zqu5	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί? ὅτι οὐκ ἀγαπῶ ὑμᾶς?	1	Why? Because I do not love you?	Paul uses rhetorical questions to emphasize love for the Corinthians. These questions can be combined or made into a statement. Alternate translation: “Is it because I do not love you that I do not want to be a burden to you?” or “I will continue to keep you from paying for my needs because this shows others that I love you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 2CO	11	11	rj6f	figs-ellipsis	ὁ Θεὸς οἶδεν	1	God knows	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “God knows I love you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 2CO	11	12	si5d			0	Connecting Statement:	As Paul continues to affirm his apostleship, he talks about false apostles.
 2CO	11	12	d9sl	figs-metaphor	ἵνα ἐκκόψω τὴν ἀφορμὴν τῶν θελόντων ἀφορμήν, ἵνα ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται, εὑρεθῶσιν καθὼς καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	in order that I may take away the opportunity	Paul speaks of a false claim that his enemies state as if it were something that he can carry away. Alternate translation: “so that I might make it impossible for those who are trying to get people to regard them as highly as they respect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	11	12	t4js	figs-activepassive	εὑρεθῶσιν	1	they may be regarded as equal to us	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people will think highly of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	11	12	t4js	figs-activepassive	εὑρεθῶσιν	1	they may be regarded as equal to us	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people will think highly of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	11	13	ml66		οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι	1	For such people	Alternate translation: “I do what I do because people like them”
 2CO	11	13	nq3t		ἐργάται δόλιοι	1	deceitful workers	Alternate translation: “dishonest workers”
 2CO	11	13	y896		μετασχηματιζόμενοι εἰς ἀποστόλους	1	disguising themselves as apostles	Alternate translation: “are not apostles, but they try to make themselves look like apostles”
@@ -530,8 +530,8 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	11	23	qdcm	figs-hyperbole	ἐν πληγαῖς ὑπερβαλλόντως	1		This is exaggerated to emphasize that he had been beaten many, many times. Alternate translation: “I have been beaten too many times to bother counting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 2CO	11	23	r6jv		ἐν θανάτοις πολλάκις	1	in facing many dangers of death	Alternate translation: “and I have almost died many times”
 2CO	11	24	ttz2		τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν	1	forty lashes minus one	This was a common expression for being whipped 39 times. In Jewish law the most they were allowed to whip a person at one time was forty lashes. So they commonly whipped a person thirty-nine times so that they would be guilty of whipping someone too many times if the accidentally counted wrong.
-2CO	11	25	u9xc	figs-activepassive	ἐραβδίσθην	1	I was beaten with rods	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people beat me with wooden rods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	11	25	xk9w	figs-activepassive	ἐλιθάσθην	1	I was stoned	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people threw stones at me until they thought I was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	11	25	u9xc	figs-activepassive	ἐραβδίσθην	1	I was beaten with rods	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people beat me with wooden rods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	11	25	xk9w	figs-activepassive	ἐλιθάσθην	1	I was stoned	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people threw stones at me until they thought I was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	11	25	b4kz		νυχθήμερον ἐν τῷ βυθῷ πεποίηκα	1	I have spent a night and a day on the open sea	Paul was referring to floating in the water after the ship he was on sank.
 2CO	11	26	b3j9	figs-explicit	κινδύνοις ἐν ψευδαδέλφοις	1	in danger from false brothers	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and in danger from people who claimed to be brothers in Christ, but who betrayed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	11	27	ds5h	figs-hyperbole	γυμνότητι	1	nakedness	Here Paul exaggerates to show his need of clothing. Alternate translation: “without enough clothing to keep me warm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	11	31	yx8z	figs-litotes	οὐ ψεύδομαι	1	I am not lying	Paul is using litotes to emphasize that he is telling the truth. Alternate translation: “I am telling the absolute truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 2CO	11	32	n383		ὁ ἐθνάρχης Ἁρέτα τοῦ βασιλέως ἐφρούρει τὴν πόλιν	1	the governor under King Aretas was guarding the city	Alternate translation: “the governor whom King Aretas had appointed had told men to guard the city”
 2CO	11	32	j7de		πιάσαι με	1	to arrest me	Alternate translation: “so that they might catch and arrest me”
-2CO	11	33	i8xa	figs-activepassive	ἐν σαργάνῃ, ἐχαλάσθην	1	I was lowered in a basket	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “some people put me in a basket and lowered me to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	11	33	i8xa	figs-activepassive	ἐν σαργάνῃ, ἐχαλάσθην	1	I was lowered in a basket	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “some people put me in a basket and lowered me to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	11	33	aw7d	figs-metonymy	τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ	1	from his hands	Paul uses the governor’s **hands** as metonymy for the governor. Alternate translation: “from the governor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	12	intro	abcf			0		# 2 Corinthians 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul continues defending his authority in this chapter.<br><br>When Paul was with the Corinthians, he proved himself to be an apostle by his powerful deeds. He had not ever taken anything from them. Now that he is coming for the third time, he will still not take anything. He hopes that when he visits, he will not need to be harsh with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Paul’s vision<br><br>Paul now defends his authority by telling about a wonderful vision of heaven. Although he speaks in the third person in verses 2-5, verse 7 indicates that he was the person who experienced the vision. It was so great, God gave him a physical handicap to keep him humble. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Third heaven<br><br>Many scholars believe the “third” heaven is the dwelling place of God. This is because Scripture also uses “heaven” to refer to the sky (the “first” heaven) and the universe (the “second” heaven).<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions as he defends himself against his enemies who accused him: “For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that I was not a burden to you?” “Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same way? Did we not walk in the same steps?” and “Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### Sarcasm<br><br>Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, “Forgive me for this wrong!” He also uses regular irony when he says: “But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit.” He uses it to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in verse 5 is a paradox: “I will not boast, except about my weaknesses.” Most people do not boast about being weak. This sentence in verse 10 is also a paradox: “For whenever I am weak, then I am strong.” In verse 9, Paul explains why both of these statements are true. ([2 Corinthians 12:5](../12/05.md))
 2CO	12	1	iwn3			0	Connecting Statement:	In defending his apostleship from God, Paul continues to state specific things that have happened to him since he became a believer.
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	12	2	fth2		εἴτε ἐν σώματι οὐκ οἶδα, εἴτε ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματος οὐκ οἶδα	1	whether in the body, I do not know, or out of the body, I do not know	Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. “I do not know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body”
 2CO	12	2	k4aw		τρίτου οὐρανοῦ	1	the third heaven	Here, the **third heaven** refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars, and the universe).
 2CO	12	3	cju3			0	General Information:	Paul continues to speak of himself as though he were speaking of someone else.
-2CO	12	4	qv5h		ἡρπάγη εἰς τὸν Παράδεισον	1	was caught up into paradise	Paul continues his account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God took this man into **paradise**. (2) an angel took this man into **paradise**. If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took him up to paradise” or “they took him up to paradise.”
+2CO	12	4	qv5h		ἡρπάγη εἰς τὸν Παράδεισον	1	was caught up into paradise	Paul continues his account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God took this man into **paradise**. (2) an angel took this man into **paradise**. If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took him up to paradise” or “they took him up to paradise.”
 2CO	12	4	wm7y		ἡρπάγη	1	caught up	suddenly and forcefully held and taken
 2CO	12	4	ic45		τὸν Παράδεισον	1	paradise	Here, **paradise** could refer to: (1) heaven. (2) the third heaven. (3) a special place in heaven.
 2CO	12	5	hpq6		τοῦ τοιούτου	1	of such a person	Alternate translation: “of that person”
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	12	6	p8fm		μή τις εἰς ἐμὲ λογίσηται ὑπὲρ ὃ βλέπει με, ἢ ἀκούει ἐξ ἐμοῦ	1	no one will think more of me than what he sees in me or hears from me	Alternate translation: “no one will give me more credit than what he sees in me or hears from me”
 2CO	12	7	v5s7			0	General Information:	This verse reveals that Paul was speaking about himself beginning in [2 Corinthians 12:2](../12/02.md).
 2CO	12	7	xxi2		τῇ ὑπερβολῇ τῶν ἀποκαλύψεων	1	because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations	Alternate translation: “because those revelations were so much greater than anything anyone else had ever seen”
-2CO	12	7	hu8g	figs-activepassive	ἐδόθη μοι σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί	1	a thorn in the flesh was given to me	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave me a thorn in the flesh” or “God allowed me to have a thorn in the flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	12	7	hu8g	figs-activepassive	ἐδόθη μοι σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί	1	a thorn in the flesh was given to me	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave me a thorn in the flesh” or “God allowed me to have a thorn in the flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	12	7	q5e7	figs-metaphor	σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί	1	a thorn in the flesh	Here Paul’s physical problems are compared to a **thorn** piercing his **flesh**. Alternate translation: “an affliction” or “a physical problem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	12	7	q7lz		ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ	1	a messenger from Satan	Alternate translation: “a servant of Satan”
 2CO	12	7	ehp9		μὴ ὑπεραίρωμαι	2	overly proud	Alternate translation: “I would not become too proud”
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	12	11	uph4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the believers in Corinth of the true signs of an apostle and of his humility before them to strengthen them.
 2CO	12	11	a1ym		γέγονα ἄφρων	1	I have become a fool	Alternate translation: “I am acting like a fool”
 2CO	12	11	pzw1		ὑμεῖς με ἠναγκάσατε	1	You forced me to this	Alternate translation: “You forced me to talk this way”
-2CO	12	11	v2lr	figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ…ὤφειλον ὑφ’ ὑμῶν συνίστασθαι	1	I should have been commended by you	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you should have praised me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CO	12	11	v2lr	figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ…ὤφειλον ὑφ’ ὑμῶν συνίστασθαι	1	I should have been commended by you	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you should have praised me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	12	11	f644		συνίστασθαι	1	commended	“been praised” ([2 Corinthians 3:1](../03/01.md)) or “been recommended” ([2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/02.md)).
 2CO	12	11	h4d5	figs-litotes	οὐδὲν γὰρ ὑστέρησα	1	For I was not at all inferior	By using the negative form, Paul is saying strongly that those Corinthians who think that he is **inferior** are wrong. Alternate translation: “For I am just as good as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 2CO	12	11	s82x	figs-irony	τῶν ὑπέρλίαν ἀποστόλων	1	super-apostles	Paul uses irony here to show that those teachers are less important then people say they are. See how this is translated in [2 Corinthians 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “those teachers whom some think are better than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

en_tn_50-EPH.tsv

@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ EPH	1	10	n2sl		εἰς οἰκονομίαν	1	with a view to an administration
 EPH	1	10	em7q		τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν	1	of the fullness of time	Alternate translation: “when the time is right” or “at the time that he has appointed”
 EPH	1	10	ab7q		ἐν αὐτῷ	1	in him	Alternate translation: “under his rule” or “under his authority”
 EPH	1	11	ww9s	figs-exclusive	καὶ ἐκληρώθημεν, προορισθέντες	1	we were also allotted as a possession. We were predestined	Both pronouns **we** and **We** are inclusive in this verse. Paul is referring to all Christians, who were predestined to belong to Christ. In verses 12 and 13 he will divide this group into “we” (exclusive) Jewish Christians and “you” Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-EPH	1	11	t281	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐκληρώθημεν	1	we were also allotted as a possession	You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God also chose us to be his possession. (2) God also chose us to be heirs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-EPH	1	11	nkf8	figs-activepassive	προορισθέντες	1	We were predestined	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose us ahead of time” or “God chose us long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	1	11	t281	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐκληρώθημεν	1	we were also allotted as a possession	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God also chose us to be his possession. (2) God also chose us to be heirs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	1	11	nkf8	figs-activepassive	προορισθέντες	1	We were predestined	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose us ahead of time” or “God chose us long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	1	12	gj44	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς…τοὺς προηλπικότας ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ	1	we who were the first to have confident hope in Christ	Here, the word **we** is exclusive and refers to the Jewish believers who first heard the good news, not the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 EPH	1	12	zqm9		εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	so that we … would be for the praise of his glory	Alternate translation: “so that we … would live to praise him for his glory”
 EPH	1	13	j1zc			0	General Information:	Paul has been speaking in the previous two verses about himself and the other Jewish believers, but now he begins speaking about the Ephesian believers.
 EPH	1	13	ac1e		τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας	1	the word of truth	This could mean: (1) the message about the truth. (2) the true message.
 EPH	1	13	qgf9	figs-metaphor	ἐσφραγίσθητε τῷ Πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, τῷ Ἁγίῳ	1	you were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit	In this metaphor Paul pictures the Holy Spirit as a seal, comparing him to the wax that was placed on a letter and stamped with a symbol representing the person who wrote the letter. Paul uses this custom as a picture to show how God has used the Holy Spirit to assure us that we belong to him. Alternate translation: “God has placed the Holy Spirit that he promised on you as if he were a seal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	1	13	abcf	figs-activepassive	ἐσφραγίσθητε	1	you were sealed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sealed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	1	13	abcf	figs-activepassive	ἐσφραγίσθητε	1	you were sealed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sealed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	1	14	g6dw	figs-metaphor	ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν	1	a down payment of our inheritance	Receiving what God has promised is spoken of in terms of one inheriting property or wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “an initial portion that we will receive from what God has promised” or “a guarantee that we will receive what God has promised to give us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	1	15	d9qy			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
 EPH	1	15	abcc	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Because of this	The connecting phrase **Because of this** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had believed the gospel and had been sealed by the Holy Spirit. The result is that Paul praises God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ EPH	1	20	ekj4	figs-metonymy	καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ, ἐν
 EPH	1	20	f3dh	translate-symaction	καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ	1	seated him at his right hand	To sit at the **right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “seated him in the place of honor and authority beside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 EPH	1	20	jrv1		ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις	1	in the heavenly places	“in the supernatural world.” The word **heavenly** refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
 EPH	1	21	k8k7	figs-doublet	ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος	1	far above all rule and authority and power and dominion	These are all terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. If your language does not have four different terms for rulers or authorities, you can combine them. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-EPH	1	21	ra11	figs-activepassive	παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου	1	every name that is named	You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) every name that man gives. (2) every name that God gives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	1	21	ra11	figs-activepassive	παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου	1	every name that is named	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) every name that man gives. (2) every name that God gives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	1	21	x6qc		ὀνόματος	1	name	This could refer to: (1) a title. (2) a position of authority.
 EPH	1	21	pym8		ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1	in this age	Alternate translation: “at this time”
 EPH	1	21	qw2x		ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι	1	in the age to come	Alternate translation: “in the future”
@@ -159,19 +159,19 @@ EPH	3	1	jb9u	grammar-connect-logic-result	τούτου χάριν	1	For this rea
 EPH	3	1	abd6	figs-explicit	τούτου χάριν	1	For this reason	You may need to make explicit what the reason is. Alternate translation: “because of God’s grace to you” You may also need to make explicit here what the result is, as in the UST, because Paul does not state the result until 3:14, that he prays for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EPH	3	1	m9b6		ὁ δέσμιος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	the prisoner of Christ Jesus	Alternate translation: “the one who is in prison because I serve Christ Jesus”
 EPH	3	2	rx7t		τὴν οἰκονομίαν τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῆς δοθείσης μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς	1	the stewardship of the grace of God that was given to me for you	Here, **grace** could mean: (1) the gift of the gospel that Paul is bringing to the Gentiles, and you could translate, “the responsibility that God gave me to bring his grace to you.” (2) the gift to Paul of being the steward of the gospel for the Gentiles, and you could translate that as “the responsibility that God graciously gave me for your benefit.”
-EPH	3	3	dc7x	figs-activepassive	κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν ἐγνωρίσθη μοι	1	according to the revelation made known to me	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “according to what God revealed to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	3	3	dc7x	figs-activepassive	κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν ἐγνωρίσθη μοι	1	according to the revelation made known to me	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “according to what God revealed to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	3	3	qm6m		καθὼς προέγραψα ἐν ὀλίγῳ	1	about which I already wrote in brief	Paul refers here to another letter that he had written to these people.
-EPH	3	5	srn9	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐγνωρίσθη τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make these things known to people in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-EPH	3	5	eq5u	figs-activepassive	ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη…ἐν Πνεύματι	1	as it now has been revealed by the Spirit	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but now the Spirit has revealed it” or “but now the Spirit has made it known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	3	5	srn9	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐγνωρίσθη τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make these things known to people in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	3	5	eq5u	figs-activepassive	ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη…ἐν Πνεύματι	1	as it now has been revealed by the Spirit	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but now the Spirit has revealed it” or “but now the Spirit has made it known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	3	6	pqy3		εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	that the Gentiles are fellow heirs … through the gospel	This is the hidden truth that Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The **Gentiles** who receive Christ also receive everything that the Jewish believers receive from God.
 EPH	3	6	y88q		σύνσωμα	1	fellow members of the body	The church is often referred to as the **body** of Christ.
 EPH	3	6	wxs4		ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	in Christ Jesus	The phrase **in Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
 EPH	3	6	i4h7		διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	through the gospel	This could mean: (1) because of the **gospel**, the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise. (2) because of the **gospel**, the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
 EPH	3	8	y97f	figs-metaphor	ἀνεξιχνίαστον	1	unsearchable	Paul speaks of everything that Christ offers as something so physically vast that it cannot be fully explored. Alternate Translation: “unable to be completely known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	3	8	e96z	figs-metaphor	πλοῦτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	riches of Christ	Paul speaks of the truth about **Christ** and the blessings he brings as if they were material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	3	9	f2zp	figs-activepassive	τοῦ μυστηρίου, τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι	1	of the mystery that was hidden from the ages in God who created all things	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of God, who created all things, kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	3	9	f2zp	figs-activepassive	τοῦ μυστηρίου, τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι	1	of the mystery that was hidden from the ages in God who created all things	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of God, who created all things, kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	3	10	abd3	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	so that	The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God revealing the mystery of the church to Paul is to enable the rulers in the heavenly places to see the wisdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-EPH	3	10	q62l	figs-activepassive	γνωρισθῇ…ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις…ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the multifaceted wisdom of God might be made known to the rulers and to the authorities in the heavenly places	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God may make his great wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	3	10	q62l	figs-activepassive	γνωρισθῇ…ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις…ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the multifaceted wisdom of God might be made known to the rulers and to the authorities in the heavenly places	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God may make his great wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	3	10	elh2	figs-doublet	ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις	1	to the rulers and to the authorities	These words share similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize that every spiritual being will know God’s wisdom. If your language does not have two words for this, you can use one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 EPH	3	10	z7vy		ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις	1	in the heavenly places	The phrase **heavenly places** refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “in the supernatural world”
 EPH	3	10	ll77	figs-metaphor	ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the multifaceted wisdom of God	Paul talks of God’s **wisdom** as though it were an object with many surfaces. Alternate translation: “the complex wisdom of God” or “how extremely wise God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ EPH	4	3	pi5c	figs-metaphor	τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνε
 EPH	4	3	ab5c	figs-abstractnouns	τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης	1	to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace	The words **unity** and **peace** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EPH	4	4	x5kv		ἓν σῶμα	1	There is one body	The church is often referred to as the **body** of Christ.
 EPH	4	4	y6ep		ἓν Πνεῦμα	1	one Spirit	Alternate translation: “only one Holy Spirit”
-EPH	4	4	b9mr	figs-activepassive	ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν	1	you were called in one certain hope of your calling	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	4	4	b9mr	figs-activepassive	ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν	1	you were called in one certain hope of your calling	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	4	6	bz5i		Πατὴρ πάντων…ἐπὶ πάντων…διὰ πάντων…ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Father of all … over all … through all … in all	The word **all** here means “everything.”
 EPH	4	7	pp9t			0	General Information:	The quote here is from a song that King David wrote.
 EPH	4	7	i4za			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers.
@@ -264,8 +264,8 @@ EPH	4	17	ksr8		τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι	1	There
 EPH	4	17	abr8		ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	in the Lord	This could be: (1) referring to the authority of the Lord. (2) stating that we all belong to the Lord.
 EPH	4	17	wcx2	figs-metaphor	μηκέτι ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν, καθὼς καὶ τὰ ἔθνη περιπατεῖ ἐν ματαιότητι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτῶν	1	you … to walk no longer as the Gentiles also walk, in futility of their minds	Paul commonly uses this metaphor that compares walking to living one’s life. Alternate translation: “you … to stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	18	lab7	figs-metaphor	ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ	1	They have been darkened in their understanding	This metaphor compares wrong thinking with darkness. Alternate translation: “they no longer think or reason clearly” or “they are not able to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	4	18	abci	figs-activepassive	ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ	1	They have been darkened in their understanding	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Their way of thinking has become dark” or “They no longer think or reason clearly” or “They are not able to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-EPH	4	18	w69u	figs-activepassive	ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς	1	alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “because they do not know God, they cannot live the way that God wants his people to live” or “they have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	4	18	abci	figs-activepassive	ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ	1	They have been darkened in their understanding	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Their way of thinking has become dark” or “They no longer think or reason clearly” or “They are not able to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	4	18	w69u	figs-activepassive	ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς	1	alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “because they do not know God, they cannot live the way that God wants his people to live” or “they have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	4	18	w235		ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι	1	alienated	Alternate translation: “cut off” or “separated”
 EPH	4	18	s1uz		ἄγνοιαν	1	ignorance	Alternate translation: “lack of knowledge” or “lack of information”
 EPH	4	18	k8qv	figs-metaphor	διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν	1	because of the hardness of their hearts	The phrase **hardness of their hearts** is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ EPH	4	19	ldy8	figs-metaphor	ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελ
 EPH	4	20	e5vk		ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν	1	But you did not thus learn Christ	The word **thus** refers to the way that the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](../04/17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned from Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “But what you learned about the ways of Christ was not like that”
 EPH	4	20	abdh	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The sinful way the Gentiles live is in contrast to the way that Paul taught the Ephesians to live according to the truth of Jesus. Use a connecting word in your language that marks a contrast here (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 EPH	4	21	hy7r	figs-irony	εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε	1	if indeed you have heard about him and were taught in him	Paul knows that the people to whom he is writing have **heard** and been **taught** these things. He is using irony as a form of rebuke—if they are doing things contrary to the way of Christ, they know better than that and need to stop. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
-EPH	4	21	b3pn	figs-activepassive	ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε	1	were taught in him	You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) they received instruction in his ways. (2) Jesus’ people have taught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	4	21	b3pn	figs-activepassive	ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε	1	were taught in him	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) they received instruction in his ways. (2) Jesus’ people have taught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	4	21	gdz6		καθώς ἐστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	as the truth is in Jesus	“as Jesus teaches us the true way to live” or “as everything about Jesus is true.” See the UST.
 EPH	4	22	h1ha	figs-metaphor	ἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν ἀναστροφὴν	1	You are to put aside what belongs to your former manner of life	Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “You must stop living according to your former manner of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	22	j7n7	figs-metaphor	ἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν ἀναστροφὴν τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	You are to put aside what belongs to your former manner of life, the old man	Paul is speaking of a way of living as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “You must stop doing the things that your former self did” or “Stop doing the things that you used to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ EPH	4	29	bv8a		τῆς χρείας, ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκο
 EPH	4	29	ab8a	figs-abstractnouns	ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν	1	so that it might give grace to the hearers	The word **grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “so that those who hear you may be spiritually encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EPH	4	30	air6		μὴ λυπεῖτε	1	do not grieve	Alternate translation: “do not distress” or “do not upset”
 EPH	4	30	pgk9	figs-metaphor	ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως	1	by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption	The Holy Spirit assures believers that God will redeem them. Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a mark that God puts on believers to show that he owns them. Alternate translation: “for he is the seal that assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” or “for he is the one who assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	4	30	abck	figs-activepassive	ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως	1	by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “for he has sealed you for the day of redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	4	30	abck	figs-activepassive	ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως	1	by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “for he has sealed you for the day of redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	4	31	b72p			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes his instructions on what believers should not do and ends with what they must do.
 EPH	4	31	v576	figs-metaphor	ἀρθήτω	1	Let … be removed	Paul speaks of attitudes and behaviors as though they were physical objects that can be removed. Alternate translation: “you must not allow … to be part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	31	t1gj	figs-abstractnouns	πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ	1	bitterness, and rage, and anger	These are abstract nouns that can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “being bitter, and intensely angry, and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ EPH	6	18	mu4w		διὰ πάσης προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως, π
 EPH	6	18	g1i7	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς αὐτὸ	1	to this end	The connecting phrase **to this end** marks a goal or purpose relationship. The goal is what was just mentioned: to pray at all times in the Spirit. In order to do that, believers must be watchful and persevere in making requests for all the saints. Alternate Translation: “for this reason” or “in order to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 EPH	6	18	i5hm	figs-abstractnouns	ἀγρυπνοῦντες ἐν πάσῃ προσκαρτερήσει καὶ δεήσει περὶ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων	1	be watchful with all perseverance and requests for all the saints	The word **perseverance** is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “persevere in being alert, and pray for all God’s holy people” or “pray with constant alertness for all the believers” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EPH	6	19	rm1h			0	Connecting Statement:	In closing this letter, Paul asks his readers to pray for his boldness in telling the gospel while he is in prison and he says that he is sending Tychicus to comfort them.
-EPH	6	19	j135	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μοι δοθῇ λόγος	1	so that a message might be given to me	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God might give me the word” or “God might give me the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+EPH	6	19	j135	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μοι δοθῇ λόγος	1	so that a message might be given to me	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God might give me the word” or “God might give me the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	6	19	abeo	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	so that	The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of the believers praying for Paul is to enable him to preach the gospel boldly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 EPH	6	19	gu1n	figs-metonymy	ἀνοίξει τοῦ στόματός μου	1	I open my mouth	This is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EPH	6	20	wx9k	figs-metonymy	ὑπὲρ οὗ πρεσβεύω ἐν ἁλύσει	1	for which I am an ambassador in chains	The phrase **in chains** is a metonym for being in prison. Alternate translation: “because of which I am now in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_57-TIT.tsv

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ TIT	1	2	r2gj		πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	before all the ages of time
 TIT	1	3	b22h		καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	at the right time	Alternate translation: “at the proper time”
 TIT	1	3	swi9	figs-metaphor	ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	he revealed his word	Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “he caused me to understand his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	1	3	abc9		ἐν κηρύγματι	1	by the proclamation	Alternate translation: “through the proclamation of the message”
-TIT	1	3	m41u	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ	1	that I was entrusted with	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he entrusted to me” or “he gave me the responsibility to preach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+TIT	1	3	m41u	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ	1	that I was entrusted with	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he entrusted to me” or “he gave me the responsibility to preach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	1	3	dpn4		τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	of God our Savior	Alternate translation: “of God, who saves us”
 TIT	1	3	xy18	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	1	4	gu55	figs-metaphor	γνησίῳ τέκνῳ	1	a true son	Though Titus was not Paul’s biological **son**, they share a common faith in Christ. Paul considers relationship to Christ through faith to be more important than biological relationship. Thus, because of their relative ages and shared faith in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. It may also be that Paul led Titus to faith in Christ, and so Titus is like a son in this spiritual sense. Alternate translation: “you are like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ TIT	2	2	a14y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	and in perseverance	You
 TIT	2	3	gl8e	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως	1	Older women likewise are to be	The Greek does not have **are to be**, but only “older women likewise.” We need to continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women to be” or “Also teach older women to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 TIT	2	3	v9cp		διαβόλους	1	slanderers	This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
 TIT	2	3	g9re	figs-metaphor	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	enslaved to much wine	People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “controlled by their desire for wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	2	3	xyz4	figs-activepassive	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	enslaved to much wine	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “drinking too much wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+TIT	2	3	xyz4	figs-activepassive	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	enslaved to much wine	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “drinking too much wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	2	3	abc4		καλοδιδασκάλους	1	but to be teachers of what is good	The Greek word used here means “a teacher of what is good.” The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities.
 TIT	2	4	abc5		φιλάνδρους	1	lovers of their husbands	Alternate translation: “lovers of their own husbands”
 TIT	2	4	abca		φιλοτέκνους	1	and lovers of their children	Alternate translation: “and lovers of their own children”
 TIT	2	5	abcb		ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν	1	and subject to their own husbands	Alternate translation: “and to obey their own husbands”
 TIT	2	5	t5v6	figs-metonymy	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	Here, **word** is a metonym for “message.” which in turn is a metonym for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-TIT	2	5	abcq	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+TIT	2	5	abcq	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	2	6	i3hv		ὡσαύτως	1	In the same way	Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people.
 TIT	2	7	x73u		σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος	1	present yourself	Alternate translation: “show yourself to be” or “you yourself must serve”
 TIT	2	7	ym6x		τύπον καλῶν ἔργων	1	as an example of good works	Alternate translation: “as an example of one who does right and proper things”
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ TIT	3	6	fby9	figs-metaphor	οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσ
 TIT	3	6	xy24	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	3	6	q9ze		διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	through our Savior Jesus Christ	Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ saved us”
 TIT	3	6	xy23	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-TIT	3	7	di3g	figs-activepassive	δικαιωθέντες	1	having been justified	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+TIT	3	7	di3g	figs-activepassive	δικαιωθέντες	1	having been justified	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	3	7	q1cm	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	we might become heirs according to the certain hope of everlasting life	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	3	8	j8md		ὁ λόγος	1	This message	This message is the one just expressed in verses 4-7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus.
 TIT	3	8	xy29		τούτων	1	these things	This refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1-7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”

en_tn_59-HEB.tsv

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ HEB	1	11	a6le		αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται	1	They will perish	Alternate
 HEB	1	11	qy4e	figs-simile	πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται	1	wear out like a piece of clothing	The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 HEB	1	12	n4hl	figs-simile	ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ἑλίξεις αὐτούς	1	roll them up like a cloak	The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 HEB	1	12	iv4r	figs-simile	ὡς ἱμάτιον καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται	1	they will be changed like a piece of clothing	The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that a person could take off in order to put on other clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-HEB	1	12	i761	figs-activepassive	ἀλλαγήσονται	1	they will be changed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you will change them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	1	12	i761	figs-activepassive	ἀλλαγήσονται	1	they will be changed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you will change them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	1	12	v5mf	figs-metaphor	ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν	1	your years do not end	Periods of time are used to represent God’s eternal existence. Alternate translation: “your life will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	1	13	pqs9			0	General Information:	This quotation comes from another Psalm.
 HEB	1	13	kz68	figs-rquestion	πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε, κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου?	1	But to which of the angels has God said at any time … feet”?	The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. Alternate translation: “But God has never said to an angel at any time, ‘Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ HEB	2	intro	s2gd			0		# Hebrews 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatti
 HEB	2	1	x7px			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.
 HEB	2	1	c72f	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	we must	Here, **us** refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 HEB	2	1	ayd1	figs-metaphor	μήποτε παραρυῶμεν	1	so that we do not drift away from it	This could mean: (1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” (2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	2	2	j4fa	figs-activepassive	εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος	1	For if the message that was spoken through the angels	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	2	2	j4fa	figs-activepassive	εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος	1	For if the message that was spoken through the angels	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	2	2	k5kb		εἰ γὰρ ὁ…λόγος	1	For if the message	The author is certain that these things are true. Alternate translation: “Because the message”
 HEB	2	2	u52i	figs-metonymy	πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν	1	every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment	Here, **transgression** and **disobedience** stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	2	2	y2y7	figs-doublet	παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ	1	trespass and disobedience	These words **transgression** and **disobedience** mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 HEB	2	3	fv4q	figs-rquestion	πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας?	1	how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation?	The author uses this question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God’s **salvation** through Christ. Alternate translation: “then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 HEB	2	3	i2zv		ἀμελήσαντες	1	ignore	Alternate translation: “pay no attention to” or “consider unimportant”
 HEB	2	3	gm6v	figs-abstractnouns	τηλικαύτης…σωτηρίας	1	This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it	The abstract noun **salvation** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the amazing way that God saves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-HEB	2	3	dyn1	figs-activepassive	πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας?	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	2	3	dyn1	figs-activepassive	πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας?	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	2	4	m2p8		κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν	1	according to his will	Alternate translation: “in just the way he wanted to do it”
 HEB	2	5	i3bh		οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν	1	For it was not to the angels that God subjected	Alternate translation: “For God did not make the angels rulers over”
 HEB	2	5	rqr9	figs-metonymy	τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν	1	the world to come	Here, **the world** refers to the people who live there. And **is coming** means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate translation: “the people who will live in the new world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ HEB	2	8	ac9f	figs-genericnoun	τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ…αὐτῷ	1	hi
 HEB	2	8	k5j2	figs-metaphor	πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1	You put everything in subjection under his feet	The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their **feet**. Alternate translation: “You have given them control over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	8	rf44	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῷ ἀνυπότακτον	1	He did not leave anything not subjected to him	This double negative **nothing not** means that all things will be **subjected** to Christ. Alternate translation: “God made everything subject to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	2	8	xy7c		οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα	1	we do not yet see everything subjected to him	Alternate translation: “we know that humans are not in control of everything yet”
-HEB	2	9	ma4j	figs-activepassive	ἠλαττωμένον	1	who was made	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	2	9	ma4j	figs-activepassive	ἠλαττωμένον	1	who was made	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	2	9	i4fc		βραχύ τι παρ’ ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον…δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφανωμένον	1	lower than the angels … crowned with glory and honor	See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 2:7](../02/07.md).
 HEB	2	9	bil4	figs-metaphor	γεύσηται θανάτου	1	he might taste death	The experience of **death** is spoken of as if it were food that people can **taste**. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	10	r899	figs-metaphor	πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα	1	bring many sons to glory	The gift of **glory** is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be **brought**. Alternate translation: “having saved many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ HEB	2	10	sw9t	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας α
 HEB	2	10	l321	figs-metaphor	τελειῶσαι	1	complete	Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made “perfect”, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	11	jy9p			0	General Information:	This verse is a prophetic quotation that comes from a Psalm of King David.
 HEB	2	11	ky9v		ὅ…ἁγιάζων	1	the one who sanctifies	Alternate translation: “the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
-HEB	2	11	jzw3	figs-activepassive	οἱ ἁγιαζόμενοι	1	those who are sanctified	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he makes holy” or “those whom he makes pure from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	2	11	jzw3	figs-activepassive	οἱ ἁγιαζόμενοι	1	those who are sanctified	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he makes holy” or “those whom he makes pure from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	2	11	bj7i	figs-explicit	ἐξ ἑνὸς	1	have one source	You can state clearly who that **one** is. Alternate translation: “have one source, God himself” or “have the same Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	2	11	ul23		οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται	1	he is not ashamed	Alternate translation: “Jesus is not ashamed”
 HEB	2	11	k1q5	figs-doublenegatives	οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς καλεῖν	1	is not ashamed to call them brothers	This double negative **not ashamed** means that he will claim them as his **brothers**. Alternate translation: “is pleased to call them his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ HEB	2	15	w3cr	figs-metaphor	ἀπαλλάξῃ τούτους, ὅσοι φόβ
 HEB	2	17	agw2		ὤφειλεν	1	it was necessary for him	Alternate translation: “it was necessary for Jesus”
 HEB	2	17	v3pw		τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι	1	like his brothers	Here, **brothers** refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “to become like human beings”
 HEB	2	17	u6ch		εἰς τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ λαοῦ	1	he would bring about the pardon of the people’s sins	Christ’s death on the cross means that God can forgive sins. Alternate translation: “he would make it possible for God to forgive people’s sins”
-HEB	2	18	xde4	figs-activepassive	πειρασθείς	1	was tempted	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when Satan tempted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	2	18	a3a6	figs-activepassive	πειραζομένοις	1	who are tempted	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Satan is tempting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	2	18	xde4	figs-activepassive	πειρασθείς	1	was tempted	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when Satan tempted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	2	18	a3a6	figs-activepassive	πειραζομένοις	1	who are tempted	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Satan is tempting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	3	intro	mu26			0		# Hebrews 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:7-11,15, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harden your hearts<br><br>A person who hardens his heart is a person who will not listen to or obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of warning his readers. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that they need to listen to God and obey him.
 HEB	3	1	m1cv			0	Connecting Statement:	This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses.
 HEB	3	1	tp7e	figs-metaphor	ἀδελφοὶ ἅγιοι	1	holy brothers	Here, **brothers** refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “holy brothers and sisters” or “my holy fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ HEB	3	1	af15	figs-metonymy	κλήσεως ἐπουρανίου, μέτοχοι
 HEB	3	1	zma3		τὸν ἀπόστολον	1	the apostle and high priest	Here the word **apostle** means someone who has been sent. In this passage, it does not refer to any of the twelve apostles. Alternate translation: “the one whom God sent and is the high priest”
 HEB	3	1	mnd4	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ὁμολογίας ἡμῶν	1	of our confession	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun **confession** is expressed as the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “whom we confess” or “in whom we believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	3	2	eqp7	figs-metaphor	ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ	1	in God’s house	The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a **house**. Alternate translation: “to all of God’s people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	3	3	py5n	figs-activepassive	οὗτος…ἠξίωται	1	Jesus has been considered	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has considered Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	3	3	py5n	figs-activepassive	οὗτος…ἠξίωται	1	Jesus has been considered	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has considered Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	3	4	f8n8	figs-metaphor	ὁ…πάντα κατασκευάσας	1	the one who built everything	God’s acts of creating the world are spoken of as if he had **built** a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	3	4	wvw1	figs-activepassive	πᾶς…οἶκος κατασκευάζεται ὑπό τινος	1	every house is built by someone	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “every house has someone who built it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	3	4	wvw1	figs-activepassive	πᾶς…οἶκος κατασκευάζεται ὑπό τινος	1	every house is built by someone	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “every house has someone who built it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	3	5	d57q	figs-metaphor	ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ	1	in God’s entire house	The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a **house**. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	3	5	m4xr	figs-metonymy	εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων	1	bearing witness about the things	Here, **testimony** probably refers to all of Moses’ work. Alternate translation: “and Moses’ life and work pointed to the things that will be spoken of in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	3	5	gt8c	figs-activepassive	λαληθησομένων	1	were to be spoken of in the future	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus would say in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	3	5	gt8c	figs-activepassive	λαληθησομένων	1	were to be spoken of in the future	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus would say in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	3	6	dgt5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς	1	Son	**Son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 HEB	3	6	djm7	figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ	1	in charge of God’s house	This speaks about God’s people as if they were a **house**. Alternate translation: “who rules over God’s people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	3	6	ly4x	figs-metaphor	οὗ οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς	1	We are his house	This speaks of God’s people as if they are a **house**. Alternate translation: “and we are God’s people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ HEB	3	12	gua2	figs-metaphor	μήποτε ἔσται ἔν τινι ὑμῶν
 HEB	3	12	lma5	figs-metonymy	καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας	1	there will not be anyone with an evil heart of unbelief, a heart that turns away from the living God	Here, **heart** is a metonym that represents a person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “an evil attitude of not believing God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	3	12	kjm7		Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1	the living God	Alternate translation: “the true God who is really alive”
 HEB	3	13	d3k2		ἄχρις οὗ, τὸ σήμερον, καλεῖται	1	as long as it is called “today,”	Alternate translation: “while there is still opportunity,”
-HEB	3	13	m1e7	figs-activepassive	μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1	no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the deceitfulness of sin will not harden any of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	3	13	m1e7	figs-activepassive	μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1	no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the deceitfulness of sin will not harden any of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	3	13	b198	figs-metaphor	μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1	no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin	Being stubborn is spoken of as being **hardened** or having a hard heart. The hardness is a result of being deceived by sin. Alternate translation: “no one among you will be deceived by sin and become stubborn” or “you do not sin, deceiving yourselves so that you become stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	3	13	sye2	figs-abstractnouns	ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1		You can translate the abstract noun **deceitfulness** as the verb “deceive.” Alternate translation: “because you are deceived by sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	3	14	znu5			0	General Information:	This continues the quotation from the same psalm that was also quoted in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md).
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ HEB	3	14	f52j	figs-exclusive	γὰρ…γεγόναμεν	1	For we have become	H
 HEB	3	14	e753		ἐάνπερ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ὑποστάσεως…βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν	1	if we firmly hold to our confidence in him	Alternate translation: “if we continue, as we first did, to confidently trust in him”
 HEB	3	14	j3aq		τὴν ἀρχὴν	1	from the beginning	Alternate translation: “from when we first begin to believe in him”
 HEB	3	14	l9en	figs-euphemism	μέχρι τέλους	1	to the end	Here, **the end** is a polite way of referring to when a person dies. Alternate translation: “until we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-HEB	3	15	bym1	figs-activepassive	λέγεσθαι	1	it has been said	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the writer wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	3	15	bym1	figs-activepassive	λέγεσθαι	1	it has been said	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the writer wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	3	15	wa11	figs-metonymy	ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε	1	if you hear his voice	God’s **voice** represents him speaking. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “when you hear God speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	3	15	j8dh	figs-abstractnouns	ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ	1	as in the rebellion	You can state **rebellion** as a verb. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “as when your ancestors rebelled against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	3	16	b4jy	figs-exclusive	πάντες οἱ	1	General Information:	The phrase, **all those** refers to the disobedient Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ HEB	4	1	n98m			0	Connecting Statement:	Chapter 4 continues the warning to believ
 HEB	4	1	ay25		οὖν	1	Therefore	Alternate translation: “Because what I have just said is true” or “Since God will certainly punish those who do not obey”
 HEB	4	1	zta2	figs-metaphor	μήποτε καταλειπομένης ἐπαγγελίας εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ, δοκῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ὑστερηκέναι	1	none of you might seem to have failed to reach the promise left behind for you to enter God’s rest	God’s **promise** is spoken of as if it were a gift that God left behind when he visited the people. Alternate translation: “so that none of you fail to enter into God’s rest, which he promised to us” or “so that God will allow you all to enter into his rest as he promised us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	1	ev85	figs-metaphor	εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ	1	to enter God’s rest	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were **rest** that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “to enter the place of rest” or “to experience God’s blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	4	2	m74h	figs-activepassive	καὶ γάρ ἐσμεν εὐηγγελισμένοι καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι	1	For we were told the good news just as they were	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For we also heard the good news just as they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	4	2	m74h	figs-activepassive	καὶ γάρ ἐσμεν εὐηγγελισμένοι καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι	1	For we were told the good news just as they were	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For we also heard the good news just as they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	4	2	znk9		καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι	1	as they were	Here, **them** refers to the Hebrews’ ancestors who were alive during the time of Moses.
 HEB	4	2	zza4	figs-doublenegatives	ἀλλ’ οὐκ ὠφέλησεν ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀκοῆς ἐκείνους, μὴ συνκεκερασμένους τῇ πίστει τοῖς ἀκούσασιν	1	But that message did not benefit those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed	The author is talking about a second group of people **who heard** **the message** but who did not believe it. You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “But that message benefited only those who believed and obeyed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	4	3	v4q4		ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου, εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου	1	General Information:	This quotation is from a psalm.
@@ -168,19 +168,19 @@ HEB	4	3	w6t4	figs-metaphor	εἰσερχόμεθα…εἰς κατάπαυσι
 HEB	4	3	x2kq		καθὼς εἴρηκεν	1	just as he said	Alternate translation: “just as God said”
 HEB	4	3	qfs8		ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου	1	As I swore in my wrath	Alternate translation: “As I swore when I was very angry”
 HEB	4	3	k1ld	figs-metaphor	εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου	1	They will never enter my rest	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were **rest** that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “They will never enter the place of rest” or “They will never experience my blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	4	3	x8zv	figs-activepassive	τῶν ἔργων…γενηθέντων	1	his works were finished	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he finished creating” or “he finished his works of creation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	4	3	x8zv	figs-activepassive	τῶν ἔργων…γενηθέντων	1	his works were finished	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he finished creating” or “he finished his works of creation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	4	3	vym3	figs-metaphor	ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	from the foundation of the world	The author speaks of the **world** as if it were a building set on a **foundation**. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	4	hbm5	translate-ordinal	τῆς ἑβδόμης	1	the seventh day	The word **seventh** is the ordinal number for “seven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 HEB	4	4	jojq		καὶ κατέπαυσεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ	1		This quotation is from Moses’ writings.
 HEB	4	5	qfjr		εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου	1		This quotation is from the same psalm as the quotation in verse [3](../04/03.md).
 HEB	4	5	zq16	figs-metaphor	εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου	1	it still remains that some will enter his rest	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were **rest** that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “God still allows some people to enter his place of rest” or “God still allows some people to experience his blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	4	6	twwv	figs-activepassive	ἀπολείπεται τινὰς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς αὐτήν	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God still allows some people to enter his place of rest” or “God still allows some people to experience his blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	4	6	twwv	figs-activepassive	ἀπολείπεται τινὰς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς αὐτήν	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God still allows some people to enter his place of rest” or “God still allows some people to experience his blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	4	7	y2tm			0	General Information:	Here we find out that this quotation from the Psalms was written by David ([Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md)).
 HEB	4	7	bp6u	figs-metaphor	ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε	1	if you hear his voice	God’s commands to Israel are spoken of as if he had given them in an audible **voice**. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “if you hear God speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	7	lsp6	figs-metonymy	τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	do not harden your hearts	Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s mind. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	4	7	pktz	figs-metaphor	μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1		The phrase **harden your hearts** is a metaphor for being stubborn. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “do not be stubborn” or “do not refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	8	mdq9	figs-metaphor	εἰ…αὐτοὺς Ἰησοῦς κατέπαυσεν	1	if Joshua had given them rest	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were **rest** that **Joshua** could give. Alternate translation: “if Joshua had brought the Israelites to the place where God would give them rest” or “if the Israelites during the time of Joshua had experienced God’s blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	4	9	vhx9	figs-activepassive	ἀπολείπεται σαββατισμὸς τῷ λαῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	there is still a Sabbath rest reserved for God’s people	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “there is still a Sabbath rest that God has reserved for his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	4	9	vhx9	figs-activepassive	ἀπολείπεται σαββατισμὸς τῷ λαῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	there is still a Sabbath rest reserved for God’s people	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “there is still a Sabbath rest that God has reserved for his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	4	9	qe6x	figs-metaphor	σαββατισμὸς	1	a Sabbath rest	Eternal peace and security are spoken of as if they were the **Sabbath** day, the Jewish day of worship and **rest** from working. Alternate translation: “an eternal rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	10	ej9y	figs-metaphor	ὁ…εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ	1	he who enters into God’s rest	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they are a place to enter. Alternate translation: “the person who enters into God’s place of rest” or “the person who experiences God’s blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	11	bmg5	figs-metaphor	σπουδάσωμεν…εἰσελθεῖν εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν κατάπαυσιν	1	let us be eager to enter that rest	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were a place **to enter**. Alternate translation: “we should also do everything we can to rest with God where he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ HEB	4	12	m6f2		ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος	1	soul and spirit	The **so
 HEB	4	12	sc3m		ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν	1	joints and marrow	The **joints** are what hold bones together. The **marrow** is the center part of the bone.
 HEB	4	12	n6n5	figs-personification	κριτικὸς	1	is able to discern	This speaks about God’s word as if it were a person who could decide whether a person's thoughts were right or wrong. Alternate translation: “exposes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 HEB	4	12	xdu4	figs-metonymy	ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας	1	the thoughts and intentions of the heart	Here, **heart** here is a metonym for “inner self.” Alternate translation: “what a person is thinking and intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	4	13	nx6n	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἔστιν κτίσις ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ	1	Nothing created is hidden before God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing that God has created can hide from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	4	13	nx6n	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἔστιν κτίσις ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ	1	Nothing created is hidden before God	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing that God has created can hide from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	4	13	f3h1	figs-metaphor	πάντα…γυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα	1	everything is bare and open	This speaks about all things as if they were a person standing **bare**, or a container that is **open**. Alternate translation: “everything is completely exposed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	13	yk64	figs-doublet	γυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα	1	bare and open	The two words **bare** and **open** mean basically the same thing and emphasize that nothing is hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 HEB	4	13	i9hh	figs-metaphor	τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ, πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος	1	to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account	God is spoken of as if he had **eyes**. Alternate translation: “to God, who will judge how we have lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -203,23 +203,23 @@ HEB	4	14	a51p		διεληλυθότα τοὺς οὐρανούς	1	who has pass
 HEB	4	14	ph6z	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 HEB	4	14	vt4v	figs-metaphor	κρατῶμεν τῆς ὁμολογίας	1	let us firmly hold to our beliefs	Belief and trust are spoken of as if they were objects that a person could grasp **firmly**. Alternate translation: “let us continue to believe confidently in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	4	15	i2fw	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ…ἔχομεν ἀρχιερέα μὴ δυνάμενον συνπαθῆσαι ταῖς ἀσθενείαις ἡμῶν, πεπειρασμένον δὲ	1	we do not have a high priest who cannot feel sympathy … Instead, we have	This double negative **not … not** means that, in fact, Jesus does feel sympathy with people. Alternate translation: “we have a high priest who can feel sympathy when we are weak, and who was tempted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-HEB	4	15	d26h	figs-activepassive	πεπειρασμένον…κατὰ πάντα καθ’ ὁμοιότητα	1	who has in all ways been tempted as we are	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “who has endured temptation in every way that we have” or “whom the devil has tempted in every way that he tempts us, yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	4	15	d26h	figs-activepassive	πεπειρασμένον…κατὰ πάντα καθ’ ὁμοιότητα	1	who has in all ways been tempted as we are	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “who has endured temptation in every way that we have” or “whom the devil has tempted in every way that he tempts us, yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	4	15	fve3		χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας	1	he is without sin	Alternate translation: “but he did not sin”
 HEB	4	16	aj1p	figs-metonymy	τῷ θρόνῳ	1	to the throne of grace	Here, **the throne** refers to God ruling as king. Alternate translation: “to where our gracious God is sitting on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	4	16	py6d	figs-metaphor	λάβωμεν ἔλεος, καὶ χάριν εὕρωμεν, εἰς εὔκαιρον βοήθειαν	1	we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need	Here, **mercy** and **grace** are spoken of as if they were objects that can be given or can be found. Alternate translation: “God may be merciful and gracious and help us in time of need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	5	intro	b67j			0		# Hebrews 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the teaching of the previous chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:5-6.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### High priest<br><br>Only a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Milk and solid food<br><br>The writer speaks of Christians who are only able to understand simple things about Jesus as if they were babies, who drink only milk and cannot eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	5	1	dn18			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer describes the sinfulness of the Old Testament priests, then he shows that Christ has a better kind of priesthood, not based on Aaron’s priesthood but on the priesthood of Melchizedek.
-HEB	5	1	whq1	figs-activepassive	ἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος	1	chosen from among people	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God chooses from among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	5	1	ndz7	figs-activepassive	καθίσταται	1	is appointed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God appoints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	1	whq1	figs-activepassive	ἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος	1	chosen from among people	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God chooses from among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	1	ndz7	figs-activepassive	καθίσταται	1	is appointed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God appoints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	5	1	mzd9		ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων καθίσταται	1	to act on the behalf of people	Alternate translation: “is appointed to represent the people”
-HEB	5	2	gt9j	figs-activepassive	πλανωμένοις	1	those … who have been deceived	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom others have deceived” or “who believe what is false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	2	gt9j	figs-activepassive	πλανωμένοις	1	those … who have been deceived	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom others have deceived” or “who believe what is false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	5	2	f781		πλανωμένοις	1	who have been deceived	Alternate translation: “who believe false things and so behave badly”
 HEB	5	2	ny8u	figs-metaphor	περίκειται ἀσθένειαν	1	is subject to weakness	The high priest’s own **weakness** is spoken of as if it were another person who rules over him. Alternate translation: “is spiritually weak” or “is controlled by his weakness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	5	2	ihs9		ἀσθένειαν	1	weakness	the desire to sin
-HEB	5	3	q5xi	figs-activepassive	ὀφείλει	1	he also is required	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God also requires him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	3	q5xi	figs-activepassive	ὀφείλει	1	he also is required	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God also requires him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	5	4	c336	figs-metaphor	λαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν	1	takes this honor	Here, **honor** is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	5	4	n2e1	figs-metonymy	λαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν	1	takes this honor	The **honor** or praise and respect that people gave to the high priest stand for his task. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	5	4	p6hc	figs-activepassive	καλούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθώσπερ καὶ Ἀαρών	1	he is called by God, just as Aaron was	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God called him, just as he called Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	4	p6hc	figs-activepassive	καλούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθώσπερ καὶ Ἀαρών	1	he is called by God, just as Aaron was	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God called him, just as he called Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	5	5	c45n		Υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε	1	General Information:	This quotation is from the Psalms in the Old Testament.
 HEB	5	5	pr3f		ὁ λαλήσας πρὸς αὐτόν	1	the one speaking to him said	Alternate translation: “God said to him”
 HEB	5	5	i694	figs-parallelism	Υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε	1	You are my Son; today I have become your Father	These two clauses mean essentially the same thing. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -231,13 +231,13 @@ HEB	5	6	ede5		κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	after the mann
 HEB	5	7	mv2c	figs-metonymy	ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ	1	During the days of his flesh	Here, **the days** stands for a period of time, and **flesh** stands for Jesus’ earthly life. Alternate translation: “while he lived on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	5	7	iel9	figs-doublet	δεήσεις…καὶ ἱκετηρίας	1	prayers and requests	Both **prayers** and **requests** mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 HEB	5	7	p6zm		τὸν δυνάμενον σῴζειν αὐτὸν ἐκ θανάτου	1	the one able to save him from death	This could mean: (1) God was **able to save** Christ so that he would not die. Alternate translation: “to save him from dying” (2) God was **able to save** Christ after Christ’s death by making him alive again. If possible, translate this in a way that allows both interpretations.
-HEB	5	7	e75a	figs-activepassive	εἰσακουσθεὶς	1	he was heard	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	7	e75a	figs-activepassive	εἰσακουσθεὶς	1	he was heard	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	5	8	mk8z	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	υἱός	1	a son	Here, **son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 HEB	5	9	z2bv			0	Connecting Statement:	In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God’s word so they can understand right from wrong.
-HEB	5	9	i29c	figs-activepassive	τελειωθεὶς	1	He was made perfect	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God made him perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	9	i29c	figs-activepassive	τελειωθεὶς	1	He was made perfect	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God made him perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	5	9	n5qt		τελειωθεὶς	1	made perfect	Here, **made perfect** means being made mature, able to honor God in all aspects of life.
 HEB	5	9	p9ug	figs-abstractnouns	ἐγένετο πᾶσιν τοῖς ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ αἴτιος σωτηρίας αἰωνίου	1	became, for everyone who obeys him, the cause of eternal salvation	You can state the abstract noun **salvation** as a verb. Alternate translation: “now he saves all who obey him and causes them to live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-HEB	5	10	b9su	figs-activepassive	προσαγορευθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	He was designated by God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God designated him” or “God appointed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	5	10	b9su	figs-activepassive	προσαγορευθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	He was designated by God	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God designated him” or “God appointed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	5	10	hd47		κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	after the manner of Melchizedek	Here, **the order of Melchizedek** means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “to be the sort of high priest that Melchizedek was”
 HEB	5	11	cm78	figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος	1	We have much to say	Here, the plural pronoun **us** includes both the author and the people to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 HEB	5	11	r2u2	figs-metaphor	νωθροὶ γεγόνατε ταῖς ἀκοαῖς	1	you have become dull in hearing	The ability to understand and obey is spoken of as if it were the ability to listen. And the ability to listen is spoken of as if it were a metal tool that becomes **dull** with use. Alternate translation: “you have trouble understanding it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ HEB	6	17	rpv9	figs-metaphor	τοῖς κληρονόμοις τῆς ἐπαγγ
 HEB	6	17	ug6j		τὸ ἀμετάθετον τῆς βουλῆς αὐτοῦ	1	the unchangeable quality of his purpose	Alternate translation: “that his purpose would never change” or “that he would always do what he said he would do”
 HEB	6	18	gjw3	figs-metaphor	οἱ καταφυγόντες	1	we, who have fled for refuge	Believers who trust in God for him to protect them are spoken of as if they were running to a safe place. Alternate translation: “we, who have trusted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	6	18	gk6n	figs-metaphor	ἰσχυρὰν παράκλησιν ἔχωμεν, οἱ καταφυγόντες κρατῆσαι τῆς προκειμένης ἐλπίδος	1	will have a strong encouragement to hold firmly to the hope set before us	Trust in God is spoken of as if **encouragement** were an object that could be presented to a person and that person could **hold** on to it. Alternate translation: “we who have fled for refuge will continue to trust in God just has he encouraged us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	6	18	hs84	figs-activepassive	προκειμένης	1	set before us	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has placed before us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	6	18	hs84	figs-activepassive	προκειμένης	1	set before us	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has placed before us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	6	19	w66k			0	Connecting Statement:	Having finished his third warning and encouragement to the believers, the writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest.
 HEB	6	19	ng9i	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἄγκυραν…τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀσφαλῆ τε καὶ βεβαίαν	1	as a secure and reliable anchor for the soul	Just as **an anchor** keeps a boat from drifting in the water, Jesus keeps us secure in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “that causes us to live securely in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	6	19	vdt3	figs-doublet	ἄγκυραν…τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀσφαλῆ τε καὶ βεβαίαν	1	a secure and reliable anchor	Here the words **reliable** and **steadfast** mean basically the same thing and emphasize the complete reliability of the anchor. Alternate translation: “an anchor for the soul that is completely reliable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -307,20 +307,20 @@ HEB	7	5	ri2y		τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῶν	1	from their brothers	He
 HEB	7	5	x4za	figs-metaphor	ἐξεληλυθότας ἐκ τῆς ὀσφύος Ἀβραάμ	1	they, too, have come from Abraham’s body	The phrase **from the loins of Abraham** is a way of saying that they were descendants of Abraham. Alternate translation: “they, too, are descendants of Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	7	6	r2rs		ὁ…μὴ γενεαλογούμενος ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	whose descent was not traced from them	Alternate translation: “the one who was not a descendant of Levi”
 HEB	7	6	d2hq	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἔχοντα τὰς ἐπαγγελίας	1	the one who had the promises	The things that God promised to do for Abraham are spoken of as if they were objects that he could possess. Alternate translation: “the one to whom God had spoken his promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	7	7	k6pc	figs-activepassive	τὸ ἔλαττον ὑπὸ τοῦ κρείττονος εὐλογεῖται	1	the lesser person is blessed by the greater person	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the more important person blesses the less important person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	7	7	k6pc	figs-activepassive	τὸ ἔλαττον ὑπὸ τοῦ κρείττονος εὐλογεῖται	1	the lesser person is blessed by the greater person	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the more important person blesses the less important person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	7	8	sf79		ὧδε μὲν…ἐκεῖ	1	In this case … in that case	These phrases are used to compare the Levite priests with Melchizedek. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison.
 HEB	7	8	c9zz	figs-metaphor	μαρτυρούμενος ὅτι ζῇ	1	is testified that he lives on	It is never explicitly written in scripture that Melchizedek dies. The author of Hebrews speaks of this absence of information about Melchizedek’s death in scripture as if it were a positive statement that he is still alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	7	8	d1yr	figs-activepassive	μαρτυρούμενος ὅτι ζῇ	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “scripture shows that he lives on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	7	8	d1yr	figs-activepassive	μαρτυρούμενος ὅτι ζῇ	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “scripture shows that he lives on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	7	9	v1yu	figs-metaphor	δι’ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Λευεὶς, ὁ δεκάτας λαμβάνων, δεδεκάτωται	1	Levi, who received tithes, also paid tithes through Abraham	Since **Levi** had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham’s body when Abraham met Melchizedek. In this way, the author argues that Levi **paid tithes** to Melchizedek through **Abraham**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	7	10	g26s	figs-metaphor	ἔτι…ἐν τῇ ὀσφύϊ τοῦ πατρὸς ἦν	1	Levi was in the body of his ancestor	Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham’s body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	7	11	kdb8		μὲν οὖν	1	Now	Here, **So** is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 HEB	7	11	wgp5	figs-rquestion	τίς ἔτι χρεία κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ, ἕτερον ἀνίστασθαι ἱερέα, καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι?	1	what further need would there have been for another priest to arise after the manner of Melchizedek, and not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron?	This question emphasizes that it was unexpected that priests come after **the order of Melchizedek**. Alternate translation: “no one would have needed another priest, one who was like Melchizedek and not like Aaron, to arise.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 HEB	7	11	hi4e		ἀνίστασθαι	1	to arise	Alternate translation: “to come” or “to appear”
 HEB	7	11	cc5f		κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	after the manner of Melchizedek	This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with **Melchizedek** as a priest. Alternate translation: “in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest”
-HEB	7	11	kt3a	figs-activepassive	οὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι	1	not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not be after the manner of Aaron” or “who is not a priest like Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	7	12	c7f1	figs-activepassive	μετατιθεμένης γὰρ τῆς ἱερωσύνης, ἐξ ἀνάγκης καὶ νόμου μετάθεσις γίνεται	1	For when the priesthood is changed, the law must also be changed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For when God changed the priesthood, he also had to change the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	7	11	kt3a	figs-activepassive	οὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι	1	not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not be after the manner of Aaron” or “who is not a priest like Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	7	12	c7f1	figs-activepassive	μετατιθεμένης γὰρ τῆς ἱερωσύνης, ἐξ ἀνάγκης καὶ νόμου μετάθεσις γίνεται	1	For when the priesthood is changed, the law must also be changed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For when God changed the priesthood, he also had to change the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	7	13	k9zi		ὃν	1	For the one	Here, **whom** refers to Jesus.
-HEB	7	13	m9mm	figs-activepassive	ἐφ’ ὃν…λέγεται ταῦτα	1	about whom these things are said	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “about whom I am speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	7	13	m9mm	figs-activepassive	ἐφ’ ὃν…λέγεται ταῦτα	1	about whom these things are said	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “about whom I am speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	7	14	t3dm		γὰρ	1	Now	**For** is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 HEB	7	14	qsk5		ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν	1	it is from Judah that our Lord was born	The words **our Lord** refer to Jesus.
 HEB	7	14	ln94		ἐξ Ἰούδα	1	from Judah	Alternate translation: “from the tribe of Judah”
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ HEB	7	16	erq7	figs-metonymy	νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης	1	the l
 HEB	7	17	xmj8	figs-personification	μαρτυρεῖται γὰρ	1	For scripture witnesses about him	This speaks about scripture as if it were a person who could witness about something. Alternate translation: “For God witnesses about him through the scriptures” or “For this is what was written about him in the scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 HEB	7	17	g6zd		κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	according to the order of Melchizedek	There were two groups of priests. One was made up of the descendants of Levi. The other was made up of **Melchizedek** and Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “according to the line of Melchizedek” or “according to the priesthood of Melchizedek”
 HEB	7	19	ia8j	figs-personification	οὐδὲν…ἐτελείωσεν ὁ νόμος	1	the law made nothing perfect	Here, **the law** is spoken of as if it were a person who could act. Alternate translation: “no one could become perfect by obeying the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-HEB	7	19	stc2	figs-activepassive	ἐπεισαγωγὴ…κρείττονος ἐλπίδος	1	a better hope is introduced	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has introduced a better hope” or “God has given us reason for a more confident hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	7	19	stc2	figs-activepassive	ἐπεισαγωγὴ…κρείττονος ἐλπίδος	1	a better hope is introduced	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has introduced a better hope” or “God has given us reason for a more confident hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	7	19	c9tz	figs-metaphor	δι’ ἧς ἐγγίζομεν τῷ Θεῷ	1	through which we come near to God	Worshiping God and having his favor are spoken of as to **come near** to him. Alternate translation: “and because of this hope we approach God” or “and because of this hope we worship God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	7	20	f3cd			0	General Information:	This quote comes from the same psalm of David as [Hebrews 7:17](../07/17.md).
 HEB	7	20	vf69	figs-explicit	καὶ καθ’ ὅσον οὐ χωρὶς ὁρκωμοσίας	1	And it was not without an oath!	You can state this clearly who made this **oath**. Alternate translation: “And God did not choose this new priest without swearing an oath!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -349,28 +349,28 @@ HEB	7	28	n693	figs-metonymy	ὁ νόμος…ἀνθρώπους καθίστη
 HEB	7	28	u5ny		ἀνθρώπους…ἔχοντας ἀσθένειαν	1	men who have weaknesses	Alternate translation: “men who are spiritually weak” or “men who are weak against sin”
 HEB	7	28	yez2	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος…τῆς ὁρκωμοσίας, τῆς μετὰ τὸν νόμον, Υἱόν	1	the word of the oath, which came after the law, appointed a Son	Here, **the word of the oath** represents God who made the oath. Alternate translation: “God appointed a Son by his oath, which he made after he gave the law” or “after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	7	28	msa4	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱόν	1	Son	**Son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-HEB	7	28	fkl3	figs-activepassive	τετελειωμένον	1	who has been made perfect	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “who has completely obeyed God and become mature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	7	28	fkl3	figs-activepassive	τετελειωμένον	1	who has been made perfect	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “who has completely obeyed God and become mature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	8	intro	ks94			0		# Hebrews 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author finishes describing how and why Jesus is the most important high priest. Then he begins to speak about how the new covenant is better to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:8-12, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### New covenant<br><br>The author tells how Jesus has established a new covenant that is better than the covenant that God established with the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
 HEB	8	1	nb8q			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer, having shown that Christ’s priesthood is better than the earthly priesthood, shows that the earthly priesthood was a pattern of heavenly things. Christ has a superior ministry, a superior covenant.
 HEB	8	1	tw7l		δὲ	1	Now	**Now** does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 HEB	8	1	m2b4	figs-exclusive	ἔχομεν ἀρχιερέα	1	We have a high priest	The author is including the readers here, so the word **We** is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 HEB	8	1	b8qy	translate-symaction	ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ θρόνου τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης	1	sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty	To sit at the **right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the throne of the Majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 HEB	8	2	lrb7		τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ Κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος	1	the true tabernacle that the Lord, not a man, set up	People built the earthly **tabernacle** out of animal skins fastened to a wooden framework, and they set it up in the manner of a tent. Here, **true tabernacle** means the heavenly tabernacle that God created.
-HEB	8	3	su9j	figs-activepassive	πᾶς γὰρ ἀρχιερεὺς…καθίσταται	1	For every high priest is appointed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For God appoints every priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	8	3	su9j	figs-activepassive	πᾶς γὰρ ἀρχιερεὺς…καθίσταται	1	For every high priest is appointed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For God appoints every priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	8	4	p2v6		οὖν	1	Now	**Now** does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 HEB	8	4	gfz1		κατὰ νόμον	1	according to the law	Alternate translation: “as God requires in the law”
 HEB	8	5	t3i8	figs-metaphor	οἵτινες ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ λατρεύουσιν τῶν ἐπουρανίων	1	They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things	The words **copy** and **shadow** are metaphors meaning that something is not the real thing but it is similar to the real thing. Alternate translation: “who serve what is a vague image of the heavenly things” or “who serve what is only similar to the heavenly things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	8	5	m067	figs-doublet	ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ…τῶν ἐπουρανίων	1		The words **copy** and **shadow** have similar meanings and emphasize that the priesthood and the earthly temple were only images of Christ, the true high priest, and the heavenly temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-HEB	8	5	k5r1	figs-activepassive	καθὼς κεχρημάτισται Μωϋσῆς, μέλλων	1	It is just as Moses was warned by God when he was	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “just as God warned Moses when Moses was about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	8	5	k5r1	figs-activepassive	καθὼς κεχρημάτισται Μωϋσῆς, μέλλων	1	It is just as Moses was warned by God when he was	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “just as God warned Moses when Moses was about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	8	5	qb7g	figs-explicit	μέλλων ἐπιτελεῖν τὴν σκηνήν	1	was about to construct the tabernacle	Moses did not construct the **tabernacle** himself. He ordered the people to construct it. Alternate translation: “when he was about to command the people to construct the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	8	5	jk6i		ὅρα	1	See that	Alternate translation: “Make sure that”
 HEB	8	5	wf1p		τὸν τύπον	1	to the pattern	Alternate translation: “the design”
-HEB	8	5	s9xe	figs-activepassive	τὸν δειχθέντα σοι	1	that was shown to you	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that I showed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	8	5	s9xe	figs-activepassive	τὸν δειχθέντα σοι	1	that was shown to you	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that I showed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	8	5	j3tz	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ὄρει	1	on the mountain	You can make explicit that the **mountain** refers to Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “on Mount Sinai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	8	6	qdj6			0	Connecting Statement:	This section begins to show that the new covenant is better than the old covenant with Israel and Judah.
-HEB	8	6	rt2a	figs-activepassive	τέτυχεν	1	Christ has received	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has given Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	8	6	rt2a	figs-activepassive	τέτυχεν	1	Christ has received	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has given Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	8	6	spy1		κρείττονός…διαθήκης μεσίτης	1	mediator of a better covenant	This means Christ caused a **better covenant** between God and humans to exist.
-HEB	8	6	aw58	figs-activepassive	ἥτις ἐπὶ κρείττοσιν ἐπαγγελίαις νενομοθέτηται	1	covenant, which is based on better promises	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “which God made based on better promises” or “in which God promised better things when he made this covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	8	6	aw58	figs-activepassive	ἥτις ἐπὶ κρείττοσιν ἐπαγγελίαις νενομοθέτηται	1	covenant, which is based on better promises	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “which God made based on better promises” or “in which God promised better things when he made this covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	8	7	wb9d	translate-ordinal	ἡ πρώτη…δευτέρας	1	first covenant … second covenant	The words **first** and **second** are ordinal numbers. Alternate translation: “old covenant … for a new covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 HEB	8	7	gig6		ἦν ἄμεμπτος	1	had been faultless	Alternate translation: “had been perfect”
 HEB	8	8	ya4n			0	General Information:	In this quotation the prophet Jeremiah foretold of a new covenant that God would make.
@@ -409,21 +409,21 @@ HEB	9	4	md1f		ἡ βλαστήσασα	1	that budded	Alternate translation: “f
 HEB	9	4	q9w3		αἱ πλάκες τῆς διαθήκης	1	tablets of the covenant	Here, **tablets** are flat pieces of stone that had writing on them. This refers to the stone tablets on which the ten commandments were written.
 HEB	9	5	ue5q		Χερουβεὶν δόξης κατασκιάζοντα τὸ ἱλαστήριον	1	glorious cherubim overshadowed the atonement lid	When the Israelites were making the ark of the covenant, God commanded them to carve two **cherubim** facing each other, with their wings touching, over the **atonement lid** of the ark of the covenant. Here they are spoken of as providing shade for the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “glorious cherubim covered the atonement lid with their wings”
 HEB	9	5	fh6g	figs-metonymy	Χερουβεὶν	1	cherubim	Here, **cherubim** refers to the carved figures of two cherubim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	9	6	mra7	figs-activepassive	τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων	1	After these things were prepared	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “after the priests prepared these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	6	mra7	figs-activepassive	τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων	1	After these things were prepared	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “after the priests prepared these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	7	xs9l	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ χωρὶς αἵματος	1	not without blood	You can state the double negative **not without** in positive form. Alternate translation: “enters, and he always brings blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	9	7	xtk5		αἵματος	1	blood	This is the **blood** of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement.
 HEB	9	8	a26f		τῶν ἁγίων	1	the most holy place	Here, **the holy place** could refer to: (1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth. (2) God’s presence in heaven.
 HEB	9	8	e14c	figs-metonymy	ἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν	1	the first tabernacle was still standing	This could mean: (1) the outer room of the **tabernacle** was still standing. (2) the earthly **tabernacle** and the sacrificial system still existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	9	9	cu76		ἥτις παραβολὴ	1	This was an illustration	Alternate translation: “and this first tabernacle is a picture”
 HEB	9	9	fl6i		εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα	1	for the present time	Alternate translation: “for now”
-HEB	9	9	g16u	figs-activepassive	προσφέρονται	1	that are now being offered	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests now offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	9	g16u	figs-activepassive	προσφέρονται	1	that are now being offered	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests now offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	9	qsa1	figs-metaphor	μὴ δυνάμεναι κατὰ συνείδησιν τελειῶσαι τὸν λατρεύοντα	1	are not able to perfect the worshiper’s conscience	The writer speaks of a person’s **conscience** as if it were an object that could be made better and better until it was without fault. A person’s conscience is his knowledge of right and wrong. It is also his awareness of whether or not he has done wrong. If he knows he has done wrong, we say that he feels guilty. Alternate translation: “are not able to make the worshiper free from guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	9	9	c31d	figs-genericnoun	τὸν λατρεύοντα	1	the worshiper’s conscience	The writer appears to refer to only one **worshiper**, but he means all those who came to worship God at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 HEB	9	10	hqs8		μέχρι καιροῦ διορθώσεως	1	until the time of the new order	Alternate translation: “until God created the new order”
 HEB	9	11	bnc6			0	Connecting Statement:	Having described the service of the tabernacle under God’s law, the writer makes clear that Christ’s service under the new covenant is better because it is sealed with his blood. It is better also because Christ has entered the true “tabernacle,” that is, God’s own presence in heaven, instead of entering, as other high priests, into the earthly tabernacle, which was only an imperfect copy.
 HEB	9	11	da2i		τῶν…ἀγαθῶν	1	good things	Here, **good things** does not refer to material things. It means the good things that God promised in his new covenant.
 HEB	9	11	czx6		τῆς μείζονος καὶ τελειοτέρας σκηνῆς	1	the greater and more perfect tabernacle	This refers to the heavenly tent or **tabernacle**, which is more important and more perfect than the earthly tabernacle.
-HEB	9	11	lxw8	figs-activepassive	οὐ χειροποιήτου	1	that was not made by human hands	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that humans hands did not make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	11	lxw8	figs-activepassive	οὐ χειροποιήτου	1	that was not made by human hands	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that humans hands did not make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	11	mtj9	figs-synecdoche	χειροποιήτου	1	human hands	Here, **hands** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 HEB	9	12	wp9n	figs-metaphor	ἅγια	1	most holy place	God’s presence in heaven is spoken of as if it were the **holy place**, the innermost room in the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	9	13	ch3c		σποδὸς δαμάλεως, ῥαντίζουσα τοὺς κεκοινωμένους	1	sprinkling of a heifer’s ashes on those who have become unclean	The priest would throw small amounts of the **ashes** on the **unclean** people.
@@ -438,10 +438,10 @@ HEB	9	15	x3xr		διὰ τοῦτο	1	For this reason	Alternate translation: “a
 HEB	9	15	p2kg		διαθήκης καινῆς μεσίτης ἐστίν	1	he is the mediator of a new covenant	Here being a **mediator** means Christ caused the **new covenant** between God and humans to exist.
 HEB	9	15	q3x3		τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ	1	first covenant	See how you translated **first covenant** in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
 HEB	9	15	z29a	figs-metonymy	εἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων	1	to free those under the first covenant from their sins	Here, **their transgressions** is a metonym for: (1) the guilt of their transgressions. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” (2) the punishment for their transgressions. Alternate translation: “to take away the punishment for the transgressions of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	9	15	ve3v	figs-activepassive	οἱ κεκλημένοι	1	those who are called	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has chosen to be his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	15	ve3v	figs-activepassive	οἱ κεκλημένοι	1	those who are called	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has chosen to be his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	15	xb9f	figs-metaphor	τῆς αἰωνίου κληρονομίας	1	inheritance	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	9	16	um9a		θάνατον ἀνάγκη φέρεσθαι τοῦ διαθεμένου	1	the death of the person who made it must be proven	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must prove that the person who made the will has died”
-HEB	9	18	wpf1	figs-activepassive	ὅθεν οὐδ’ ἡ πρώτη χωρὶς αἵματος ἐνκεκαίνισται	1	So not even the first covenant was established without blood	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “So God did not even establish the first covenant without blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	16	um9a		θάνατον ἀνάγκη φέρεσθαι τοῦ διαθεμένου	1	the death of the person who made it must be proven	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must prove that the person who made the will has died”
+HEB	9	18	wpf1	figs-activepassive	ὅθεν οὐδ’ ἡ πρώτη χωρὶς αἵματος ἐνκεκαίνισται	1	So not even the first covenant was established without blood	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “So God did not even establish the first covenant without blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	18	m9c3	figs-doublenegatives	ὅθεν οὐδ’ ἡ πρώτη χωρὶς αἵματος ἐνκεκαίνισται	1		You can state the double negative **not even … without** in positive form. Alternate translation: “So God established even the first covenant with blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	9	18	kq87		πρώτη	1	first covenant	See how you translated **first covenant** in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
 HEB	9	18	v838	figs-metonymy	αἵματος	1	blood	The death of animals sacrificed to God is spoken of as if it were nothing but **blood**. Alternate translation: “the death of animals sacrificed to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -458,16 +458,16 @@ HEB	9	22	v8bj	figs-metonymy	χωρὶς αἱματεκχυσίας, οὐ γί
 HEB	9	22	uw4g	figs-doublenegatives	χωρὶς αἱματεκχυσίας, οὐ γίνεται ἄφεσις	1		This double negative can mean that all forgiveness comes through the shedding of blood. Alternate translation: “forgiveness only comes when something dies as a sacrifice” or “God only forgives when something dies as a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	9	22	v1tr	figs-explicit	ἄφεσις	1	forgiveness	You can state explicitly the implied meaning. Alternate translation: “forgiveness of the sins of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	9	23	nh15			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer emphasizes that Christ (now in heaven interceding for us) had to die only once for sins and that he will return to earth a second time.
-HEB	9	23	q79n	figs-activepassive	ἀνάγκη…τὰ μὲν ὑποδείγματα τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς τούτοις καθαρίζεσθαι	1	the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the priests must use these animal sacrifices to cleanse what are copies of things that are in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	9	23	y9b7	figs-activepassive	αὐτὰ δὲ τὰ ἐπουράνια κρείττοσι θυσίαις παρὰ ταύτας	1	the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices	That is, the **sacrifices** to cleanse the **heavenly things** are better than the sacrifices used to cleanse the earthly copies. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as for the heavenly things themselves, God had to cleanse them with much better sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	23	q79n	figs-activepassive	ἀνάγκη…τὰ μὲν ὑποδείγματα τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς τούτοις καθαρίζεσθαι	1	the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the priests must use these animal sacrifices to cleanse what are copies of things that are in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	23	y9b7	figs-activepassive	αὐτὰ δὲ τὰ ἐπουράνια κρείττοσι θυσίαις παρὰ ταύτας	1	the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices	That is, the **sacrifices** to cleanse the **heavenly things** are better than the sacrifices used to cleanse the earthly copies. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as for the heavenly things themselves, God had to cleanse them with much better sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	24	cy2x	figs-synecdoche	χειροποίητα…ἅγια	1	the most holy place made with hands, which	Here, **with hands** means “by humans.” Alternate translation: “the most holy place made by humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-HEB	9	24	akii	figs-activepassive	χειροποίητα…ἅγια	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the most holy place, which humans made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	24	akii	figs-activepassive	χειροποίητα…ἅγια	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the most holy place, which humans made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	24	g5lp		τῶν ἀληθινῶν	1	of the true one	Alternate translation: “of the true most holy place”
 HEB	9	25	f17a		οὐδ’	1	He did not go there	Alternate translation: “And he did not enter heaven”
 HEB	9	25	zpf3		ἐν αἵματι ἀλλοτρίῳ	1	with the blood of another	This means with the **blood** of an animal victim, not with his own blood.
 HEB	9	26	lhi3		ἐπεὶ	1	If that had been the case	Alternate translation: “since if he had to offer himself often,”
 HEB	9	26	dq7m	figs-metaphor	εἰς ἀθέτησιν ἁμαρτίας διὰ τῆς θυσίας αὐτοῦ	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Doing away with **sin** represents having God forgive it. Alternate translation: “to cause God to forgive sins by sacrificing himself” or “to sacrifice himself so that God can forgive sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	9	28	p8b6	figs-activepassive	ὁ Χριστός ἅπαξ προσενεχθεὶς	1	Christ was offered once	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Christ offered himself once” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	9	28	p8b6	figs-activepassive	ὁ Χριστός ἅπαξ προσενεχθεὶς	1	Christ was offered once	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Christ offered himself once” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	28	hv2t	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ…ἀνενεγκεῖν ἁμαρτίας	1	to take away the sins	The act of making us innocent rather than guilty for our sins is spoken of as if our **sins** were physical objects that Christ could carry away from us. Alternate translation: “so that God would forgive the sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	9	28	p6th	figs-metonymy	τὸ…ἁμαρτίας	1	the sins	Here, **sins** mean the guilt that people have before God because of the sins they committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	intro	nev1			0		# Hebrews 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, the writer finishes describing how Jesus’ sacrifice was better than the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:5-7, 15-17, 37-38, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s judgment and reward<br><br>Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins”<br><br>The sacrifices themselves had no redeeming power. They were effective because they were a display of faith, which was credited to the person offering the sacrifice. It was ultimately the sacrifice of Jesus which then makes these sacrifices “take away sins.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### “The covenant that I will make”<br><br>It is unclear whether this prophecy was being fulfilled as the author was writing or whether it was to occur later. The translator should try to avoid making a claim about the time this covenant begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
@@ -475,9 +475,9 @@ HEB	10	1	kwq1			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer shows the weakness of the law
 HEB	10	1	kj83	figs-metaphor	σκιὰν…ἔχων ὁ νόμος τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν	1	the law is only a shadow of the good things to come	This speaks about **the law** as if it were a **shadow**. The author means the law is not the **good things** that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	1	r6ly		οὐκ αὐτὴν τὴν εἰκόνα τῶν πραγμάτων	1	not the real forms of those things themselves	Alternate translation: “not the real things themselves”
 HEB	10	2	aw6g	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι, διὰ τὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν, τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους?	1	would the sacrifices not have ceased to be offered?	The author uses a question to state that the sacrifices were limited in their power. Alternate translation: “they would have ceased being offered because no one would still have consciousness of sins, those who worship having been cleansed once for all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-HEB	10	2	xor4	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they would have ceased offering those sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	2	xor4	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they would have ceased offering those sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	2	mu42	figs-metaphor	τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους	1	the worshipers would have been cleansed	Here **having been cleansed** represents no longer being guilty of sin. Alternate translation: “those who worship no longer being guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	10	2	vzcg	figs-activepassive	τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the sacrifices would have taken away their sin” or “God would have made them no longer guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	2	vzcg	figs-activepassive	τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the sacrifices would have taken away their sin” or “God would have made them no longer guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	2	m9tj		τὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν	1	would no longer have any consciousness of sin	Alternate translation: “they would no longer think that they are guilty of sin” or “would know that they are no longer guilty of sin”
 HEB	10	4	di8i	figs-metaphor	ἀδύνατον γὰρ αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων ἀφαιρεῖν ἁμαρτίας	1	For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins	Here, **sins** are spoken of as if they were objects that animal **blood** could sweep away as it flowed. Alternate translation: “For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to cause God to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	4	bvu5	figs-metonymy	αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων	1	the blood of bulls and goats	Here, **blood** refers to these animals dying as sacrifices to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -487,17 +487,17 @@ HEB	10	7	zn6c		τότε εἶπον	1	Then I said	Here, **I** refers to Christ.
 HEB	10	8	c8eb			0	General Information:	Though changing the wording slightly, the author repeats these quotations from a psalm of David for emphasis.
 HEB	10	8	rlv8		θυσίας…προσφορὰς	1	sacrifices … offerings	See how you translated the words **Sacrifices** and **offerings** in [Hebrews 10:5](../10/05.md).
 HEB	10	8	n7kc		ὁλοκαυτώματα…περὶ ἁμαρτίας	1	whole burnt offerings … sacrifices for sin	See how you translated **whole burnt offerings** and **sin offerings** in [Hebrews 10:6](../10/06.md).
-HEB	10	8	d3ek	figs-activepassive	αἵτινες…προσφέρονται	1	that are offered	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that priests offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	8	d3ek	figs-activepassive	αἵτινες…προσφέρονται	1	that are offered	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that priests offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	9	k5kv		ἰδοὺ	1	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
 HEB	10	9	rxtb	figs-metaphor	ἀναιρεῖ τὸ πρῶτον, ἵνα τὸ δεύτερον στήσῃ	1		Stopping the **first practice** is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away. Starting the **second practice** is spoken of as establishing that practice. Alternate translation: “He stops people atoning for sins the first way in order to atone for sins the second way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	9	ja8n	translate-ordinal	τὸ πρῶτον…τὸ δεύτερον	1	first practice … the second practice	The words **first** and **second** are ordinal numbers. Alternate translation: “the old practice … the new practice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
-HEB	10	10	xj9i	figs-activepassive	ἡγιασμένοι ἐσμὲν	1	we have been sanctified	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sanctified us” or “God has dedicated us to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	10	xj9i	figs-activepassive	ἡγιασμένοι ἐσμὲν	1	we have been sanctified	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sanctified us” or “God has dedicated us to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	10	xk24	figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ	The abstract noun **offering** can be expressed with the verb “offer” or “sacrifice.” Alternate translation: “because Jesus Christ offered his body as a sacrifice” or “because Jesus Christ sacrificed his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	10	11	jq4i	figs-metaphor	οὐδέποτε δύνανται περιελεῖν ἁμαρτίας	1	can never take away sins	This speaks of **sins** as if they are objects that a person can **take away**. Alternate translation: “can never cause God to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	12	fy8w	translate-symaction	ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	he sat down at the right hand of God	To sit at the **right hand of God** is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 HEB	10	13	s6sn	figs-metaphor	ἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1	until his enemies are made a stool for his feet	The humiliation of Christ’s **enemies** is spoken of as if they were made a place for him to rest **his feet**. Alternate translation: “until God humiliates Christ’s enemies and they become like a stool for his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	10	13	qnby	figs-activepassive	ἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “until God makes Christ’s enemies like a stool for his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	10	14	dz9n	figs-activepassive	τοὺς ἁγιαζομένους	1	those who are being sanctified	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God is sanctifying” or “those whom God has dedicated to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	13	qnby	figs-activepassive	ἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “until God makes Christ’s enemies like a stool for his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	14	dz9n	figs-activepassive	τοὺς ἁγιαζομένους	1	those who are being sanctified	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God is sanctifying” or “those whom God has dedicated to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	15	qk8j			0	General Information:	This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.
 HEB	10	16	czh3		πρὸς αὐτοὺς	1	with them	Alternate translation: “with my people”
 HEB	10	16	s783		μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας	1	after those days	Alternate translation: “when the time of the first covenant with my people has finished”
@@ -522,11 +522,11 @@ HEB	10	21	d1u1	figs-metaphor	τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the house o
 HEB	10	22	l4ik	figs-metonymy	προσερχώμεθα	1	let us approach	Here, **approach** stands for worshiping God, as a priest would go up to God’s altar to sacrifice animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	22	wez1	figs-metonymy	μετὰ ἀληθινῆς καρδίας	1	with true hearts	Here, **true hearts** stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “with sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	22	i7ti		ἐν πληροφορίᾳ πίστεως	1	in the full assurance of faith	Alternate translation: “and with a confident faith” or “and trusting completely in Jesus”
-HEB	10	22	zkg5	figs-activepassive	ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας	1	having our hearts sprinkled clean	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if had he made our hearts clean with his blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	22	zkg5	figs-activepassive	ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας	1	having our hearts sprinkled clean	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if had he made our hearts clean with his blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	22	w775	figs-metonymy	ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας	1	hearts sprinkled clean	Here, **hearts** is a metonym for the conscience, the awareness of right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	22	oa1s	figs-metaphor	ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας	1		Being made **clean** is a metaphor for being forgiven and being given the status of righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	22	pc1a	translate-symaction	ῥεραντισμένοι	1	sprinkled	Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-HEB	10	22	p2sk	figs-activepassive	λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ	1	having our bodies washed with pure water	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if he had washed our bodies in pure water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	22	p2sk	figs-activepassive	λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ	1	having our bodies washed with pure water	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if he had washed our bodies in pure water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	22	tk9p	figs-metaphor	λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ	1	our bodies washed with pure water	This **washing** stands for the believer being made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	22	qr4b	figs-metonymy	λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ	1		If the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then **water** is literal, not figurative. But if **water** is taken as literal, then **pure** is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	23	k5ui	figs-metaphor	κατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος	1	Let us also hold tightly to the confession of our hope	Here, **hold tightly** is a metaphor that refers to a person determining to do something and refusing to stop. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ HEB	10	29	jd69	figs-metaphor	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατ
 HEB	10	29	d2z9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the Son of God	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 HEB	10	29	m7lw		τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος	1	who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy	This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. Alternate translation: “treated the blood of the covenant … as unholy”
 HEB	10	29	el74	figs-metonymy	τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης	1	the blood of the covenant	Here, **blood** stands for Christ’s death, by which God established the new **covenant**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	10	29	wj2p	figs-activepassive	τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν…ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη	1	the blood by which he was sanctified	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the blood by which God sanctified him as profane” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	29	wj2p	figs-activepassive	τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν…ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη	1	the blood by which he was sanctified	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the blood by which God sanctified him as profane” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	29	qr6c		τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος	1	the Spirit of grace	Alternate translation: “the Spirit of God, who provides grace”
 HEB	10	30	ynr1	figs-exclusive	οἴδαμεν	1	General Information:	The word **we** here refers to the writer and all believers. These two quotations come from the law that Moses gave in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 HEB	10	30	vub5		ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω…κρινεῖ Κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ	1		These two quotations come from the law that Moses gave in the Old Testament.
@@ -559,8 +559,8 @@ HEB	10	31	hhu7	figs-metaphor	τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας	1	to
 HEB	10	31	mr1p	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας	1		Here, **hands** refers to God’s power to judge. Alternate translation: “into the judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	32	tlh3		τὰς πρότερον ἡμέρας	1	the former days	Alternate translation: “the time in the past”
 HEB	10	32	p3q3	figs-metaphor	φωτισθέντες	1	after you were enlightened	Learning the truth is spoken of as if God shined a light on the person. Alternate translation: “after you had learned the truth about Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	10	32	ami9	figs-activepassive	φωτισθέντες	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “after God had shown you the truth about Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	10	33	cig1	figs-activepassive	ὀνειδισμοῖς τε καὶ θλίψεσιν θεατριζόμενοι	1	You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people ridiculed you both by insulting and by persecuting you in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	32	ami9	figs-activepassive	φωτισθέντες	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “after God had shown you the truth about Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	10	33	cig1	figs-activepassive	ὀνειδισμοῖς τε καὶ θλίψεσιν θεατριζόμενοι	1	You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people ridiculed you both by insulting and by persecuting you in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	10	33	u1gk		κοινωνοὶ τῶν…γενηθέντες	1	you were sharing with those	Alternate translation: “you joined those”
 HEB	10	34	cjr6	figs-metaphor	κρείσσονα ὕπαρξιν, καὶ μένουσαν	1	a better and everlasting possession	God’s eternal blessings are spoken of as a **possession**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	35	xh64			0	General Information:	In 10:37 is a quotation from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament.
@@ -577,32 +577,32 @@ HEB	10	39	hm0m	figs-synecdoche	εἰς περιποίησιν ψυχῆς	1		Her
 HEB	11	intro	g4cc			0		# Hebrews 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure<br><br>The writer begins this chapter by telling what faith is. Then he gives many examples of people who had faith and how they lived.<br><br>## Important concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Faith<br><br>In both the old and new covenants, God required faith. Some people with faith performed miracles and were very powerful. Other people with faith suffered greatly.
 HEB	11	1	a371			0	Connecting Statement:	The author tells three things about faith in this brief introduction.
 HEB	11	1	d95i		δὲ	1	Now	**Now** is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here the author starts to explain the meaning of “faith.”
-HEB	11	1	dne9		ἔστιν…πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις	1	faith is being sure of the things hoped for	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when we have faith, we are sure of the things we hope for” or “faith is what allows a person to confidently expect certain things”
+HEB	11	1	dne9		ἔστιν…πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις	1	faith is being sure of the things hoped for	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when we have faith, we are sure of the things we hope for” or “faith is what allows a person to confidently expect certain things”
 HEB	11	1	hiq2		ἐλπιζομένων	1	hoped for	Here **things being hoped for** refers specifically to the sure promises of God, especially the certainty that all believers in Jesus will live with God forever in heaven.
-HEB	11	1	ybd8	figs-activepassive	πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων	1	certain of things that are not seen	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “proof of what we still have not seen” or “proof of what still have not happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	1	ybd8	figs-activepassive	πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων	1	certain of things that are not seen	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “proof of what we still have not seen” or “proof of what still have not happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	2	smr4		ἐν ταύτῃ γὰρ	1	For because of this	Alternate translation: “Because they were certain about events that had not happened”
-HEB	11	2	kmq6	figs-activepassive	ἐμαρτυρήθησαν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι	1	the ancestors were approved	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God approved of our ancestors because they had faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	2	kmq6	figs-activepassive	ἐμαρτυρήθησαν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι	1	the ancestors were approved	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God approved of our ancestors because they had faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	2	u66c	figs-explicit	οἱ πρεσβύτεροι	1	the ancestors	The author is speaking to the Hebrews about their Hebrew ancestors. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	11	3	u5i9	figs-activepassive	κατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας ῥήματι Θεοῦ	1	the universe was created by God’s command	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God created the universe by commanding it to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	11	3	e7fs		τὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων, τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι	1	what is visible was not made out of things that were visible	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not create what we see out of things that were visible”
+HEB	11	3	u5i9	figs-activepassive	κατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας ῥήματι Θεοῦ	1	the universe was created by God’s command	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God created the universe by commanding it to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	3	e7fs		τὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων, τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι	1	what is visible was not made out of things that were visible	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not create what we see out of things that were visible”
 HEB	11	4	w5de			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer then gives many examples (mostly from Old Testament writings) of people who lived by faith even though they did not receive what God had promised while they lived on the earth.
-HEB	11	4	r2m8	figs-activepassive	ἐμαρτυρήθη εἶναι δίκαιος	1	he was attested to be righteous	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God declared him to be righteous” or “God declared that Abel was righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	4	r2m8	figs-activepassive	ἐμαρτυρήθη εἶναι δίκαιος	1	he was attested to be righteous	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God declared him to be righteous” or “God declared that Abel was righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	4	g52j	figs-metaphor	ἔτι λαλεῖ	1	Abel still speaks	Reading the scriptures and learning about Abel’s faith is spoken of as if Abel himself were still speaking. Alternate translation: “we still learn from what Abel did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	11	5	r3yl	figs-activepassive	πίστει Ἑνὼχ μετετέθη, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον	1	It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	5	r3yl	figs-activepassive	πίστει Ἑνὼχ μετετέθη, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον	1	It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	5	ki2t	figs-metaphor	ἰδεῖν θάνατον	1	see death	This speaks of **death** as if it were an object that people can see. It means to experience death. Alternate translation: “dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	11	5	kb5l	figs-activepassive	πρὸ…τῆς μεταθέσεως	1	before he was taken up	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “before God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	11	5	jbx2	figs-activepassive	μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ	1	it was testified that he had pleased God	You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God said that Enoch had pleased him. (2) people said that Enoch pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	5	kb5l	figs-activepassive	πρὸ…τῆς μεταθέσεως	1	before he was taken up	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “before God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	5	jbx2	figs-activepassive	μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ	1	it was testified that he had pleased God	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God said that Enoch had pleased him. (2) people said that Enoch pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	6	hd94		χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως	1	Now without faith	**Now** does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 HEB	11	6	r9nb	figs-doublenegatives	χωρὶς…πίστεως, ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι	1	without faith it is impossible to please him	You can state the double negative **without … impossible** in positive form. Alternate translation: “a person can please God only if he has faith in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	11	6	b438	figs-metaphor	τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ	1	that anyone coming to God	Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming **to God**. Alternate translation: “that anyone who wants to belong to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	6	xl5v		τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν…μισθαποδότης γίνεται	1	he is a rewarder of those	Alternate translation: “he rewards those who seek”
 HEB	11	6	i8e9	figs-metaphor	τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν	1	those who seek him	People who learn about God and make an effort to obey him are spoken of as if they were seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	7	r67b	figs-activepassive	χρηματισθεὶς	1	having been given a divine message	You can state this in active form and in other terms. Alternate translation: “because God told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	11	7	p3pn	figs-activepassive	περὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων	1	about things not yet seen	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “about things no one had ever seen before” or “about events that had not happened yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	7	p3pn	figs-activepassive	περὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων	1	about things not yet seen	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “about things no one had ever seen before” or “about events that had not happened yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	7	pf7b	figs-metonymy	τὸν κόσμον	1	the world	Here, **the world** refers to the world’s human population. Alternate translation: “the people living in the world at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	11	7	c9yc	figs-metaphor	τῆς…δικαιοσύνης, ἐγένετο κληρονόμος	1	became an heir of the righteousness	Noah receiving **righteousness** is spoken of as if he were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “received from God the righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	7	et9l		κατὰ πίστιν	1	that is according to faith	Alternate translation: “that God gives to those who have faith in him”
-HEB	11	8	a7c2	figs-activepassive	καλούμενος	1	when he was called	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when God called him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	8	a7c2	figs-activepassive	καλούμενος	1	when he was called	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when God called him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	8	kkt5		ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τόπον	1	went out to the place	Alternate translation: “to leave his home to go to the place”
 HEB	11	8	d1zf	figs-metaphor	ὃν ἤμελλεν λαμβάνειν εἰς κληρονομίαν	1	that he was to receive as an inheritance	The land that God promised to give Abraham’s descendants is spoken of as if it were **an inheritance** that Abraham was **going to receive**. Alternate translation: “that God would give him for an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	8	sq21		ἐξῆλθεν	1	He went out	Alternate translation: “he left his home”
@@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ HEB	11	14	xwa4		πατρίδα	1	a homeland	Alternate translation: “a country
 HEB	11	16	ea1a		ἐπουρανίου	1	heavenly one	Alternate translation: “a heavenly country” or “a country in heaven”
 HEB	11	16	cvh1	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν	1	God is not ashamed to be called their God	You can express this in active form. Alternate translation: “God is not ashamed that they call him their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	16	zfir	figs-litotes	οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν	1		The writer expressed this in a negative form to stress that God was proud to be **their God**. You can express this in positive form. Alternate translation: “God is proud to have them say that he is their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
-HEB	11	17	bk7a	figs-activepassive	πειραζόμενος	1	when he was tested	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when God tested him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	11	18	wy2j	figs-activepassive	πρὸς ὃν ἐλαλήθη	1	to whom it had been said	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God had said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	17	bk7a	figs-activepassive	πειραζόμενος	1	when he was tested	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when God tested him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	18	wy2j	figs-activepassive	πρὸς ὃν ἐλαλήθη	1	to whom it had been said	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God had said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	18	c23z	figs-metonymy	κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα	1	your descendants will be named	Here, **named** means assigned or designated. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be designated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	11	18	g294	figs-activepassive	κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα	1		You can state this sentence in active form. Alternate translation: “I will designate your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	19	p43u		καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δυνατὸς ὁ Θεός	1	God was able to raise up Isaac from the dead	Alternate translation: “God was able to cause Isaac to live again”
@@ -638,9 +638,9 @@ HEB	11	22	lkp6	figs-euphemism	τελευτῶν	1	when his end was near	Here, **
 HEB	11	22	hhs3		περὶ τῆς ἐξόδου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐμνημόνευσεν	1	spoke of the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt	Alternate translation: “spoke of when the children of Israel would leave Egypt”
 HEB	11	22	t6i5		τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ	1	the sons of Israel	Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the descendants of Israel”
 HEB	11	22	nl1i	figs-explicit	περὶ τῶν ὀστέων αὐτοῦ ἐνετείλατο	1	instructed them about his bones	Joseph died while in Egypt. He wanted his people to take **his bones** with them when they left Egypt so they could bury his bones in the land that God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	11	23	g2wx	figs-activepassive	Μωϋσῆς, γεννηθεὶς, ἐκρύβη τρίμηνον ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ	1	Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses’ parents hid him for three months after he was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	23	g2wx	figs-activepassive	Μωϋσῆς, γεννηθεὶς, ἐκρύβη τρίμηνον ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ	1	Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses’ parents hid him for three months after he was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	24	h5wz		μέγας γενόμενος	1	had grown up	Alternate translation: “having become an adult”
-HEB	11	24	mq2x	figs-activepassive	ἠρνήσατο λέγεσθαι	1	refused to be called	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “refused to allow people to call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	24	mq2x	figs-activepassive	ἠρνήσατο λέγεσθαι	1	refused to be called	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “refused to allow people to call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	26	i9sc	figs-abstractnouns	τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the disgrace of following Christ	You can reword the abstract noun **reproach** with the verb “disrespect.” Alternate translation: “the experience of people disrespecting him because he did what Christ would want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	11	26	t588	figs-metaphor	ἀπέβλεπεν…εἰς τὴν μισθαποδοσίαν	1	fixing his eyes on his reward	Fully concentrating on achieving a goal is spoken of as if a person were staring at an object and refusing to look away. Alternate translation: “doing what he knew would earn him a reward in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	27	rc43	figs-simile	τὸν…ἀόρατον ὡς ὁρῶν, ἐκαρτέρησεν	2	he endured as if he were seeing the one who is invisible	Moses is spoken of as if he saw God, who is invisible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -649,9 +649,9 @@ HEB	11	28	tz7k		πεποίηκεν τὸ Πάσχα καὶ τὴν πρόσχυ
 HEB	11	28	bef7	figs-explicit	τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος	1	the sprinkling of the blood	Here, **the sprinkling of the blood** refers to God’s command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its** blood** on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	11	28	bm2f	figs-metonymy	μὴ…θίγῃ	1	should not touch	Here, **touch** refers to harming or to killing someone. Alternate translation: “would not harm” or “would not kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	11	29	a67h		διέβησαν τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν Θάλασσαν	1	they passed through the Sea of Reeds	Alternate translation: “the Israelites passed through the Sea of Reeds”
-HEB	11	29	hq2y	figs-activepassive	κατεπόθησαν	1	they were swallowed up	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the water swallowed up the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	29	hq2y	figs-activepassive	κατεπόθησαν	1	they were swallowed up	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the water swallowed up the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	29	kmy8	figs-metaphor	κατεπόθησαν	1	they were swallowed up	The Egyptians are spoken of as if an animal **swallowed** them as it would swallow water or food. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians drowned in the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	11	30	lnw4	figs-activepassive	κυκλωθέντα ἐπὶ ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας	1	they had been circled around for seven days	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites had marched around them for seven days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	30	lnw4	figs-activepassive	κυκλωθέντα ἐπὶ ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας	1	they had been circled around for seven days	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites had marched around them for seven days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	31	ftc8		δεξαμένη τοὺς κατασκόπους μετ’ εἰρήνης	1	had received the spies in peace	Alternate translation: “who had peacefully received the spies”
 HEB	11	32	rh6y	figs-rquestion	τί ἔτι λέγω?	1	What more can I say?	The author uses a question to emphasize that there are many examples that he could have quoted. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “there are many more examples.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 HEB	11	32	bs7h		ἐπιλείψει…με…ὁ χρόνος	1	the time will fail me	Alternate translation: “I will not have enough time”
@@ -664,11 +664,11 @@ HEB	11	34	u5hc	figs-metonymy	ἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός	1		The **
 HEB	11	34	j6sv	figs-metaphor	ἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός	1	extinguished the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword	Preventing **fire** from burning them to death them is spoken of as extinguishing the **power of fire**. Alternate translation: “prevented fire from burning them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	34	ppf8	figs-metonymy	ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης	1		The **edge of the sword** represents the entire sword and its ability to kill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	11	34	uqnf	figs-metaphor	ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης	1		Avoiding being killed by **the sword** is spoken of as escaping the **edge of the sword**. Alternate translation: “avoided being killed by the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	11	34	iri4	figs-activepassive	ἐδυναμώθησαν ἀπὸ ἀσθενείας	1	were healed of illnesses	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “received healing from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	34	iri4	figs-activepassive	ἐδυναμώθησαν ἀπὸ ἀσθενείας	1	were healed of illnesses	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “received healing from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	35	t9sp	figs-abstractnouns	ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν	1	Women received back their dead by resurrection	You can state the abstract noun **resurrection** with a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received their dead back alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	11	35	av6c	figs-nominaladj	ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν	1		The word **dead** is a nominal adjective. You can state this as a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received back alive those who had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 HEB	11	35	ne1u	figs-explicit	ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν	1	Others were tortured, not accepting release	It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. Alternate translation: “but others were tortured rather than denying their faith in order to be released from prison” or “but others were tortured rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	11	35	j37h	figs-activepassive	ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but others accepted torture rather than release from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	35	j37h	figs-activepassive	ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but others accepted torture rather than release from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	35	jyw7		κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως	1	a better resurrection	This could mean: (1) these people will experience a **better** life in heaven than what they experienced in this world. (2) these people will have a **better resurrection** than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.
 HEB	11	36	e9al	figs-activepassive	ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	You can state these in active form. Alternate translation: “people mocked and whipped others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	36	nx7u	figs-abstractnouns	ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἔτι δὲ δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment	You can express the abstract nouns **mocking**, **whippings**, and **imprisonment** with verbs. Alternate translation: “God tested others by allowing their enemies to mock and whip them and even put them in chains and imprison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -678,9 +678,9 @@ HEB	11	37	qf89		ἐν μηλωταῖς, ἐν αἰγίοις δέρμασιν
 HEB	11	37	x2jf		ὑστερούμενοι	1	destitute	Alternate translation: “having nothing” or “being very poor”
 HEB	11	38	a721	figs-metonymy	οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος	1	The world was not worthy	Here, **the world** refers to the people who lived in the world. Alternate translation: “the people of this world were not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	11	38	j9lp		πλανώμενοι	1	They wandered about	They wandered about because they had no place to live.
-HEB	11	39	l5wd	figs-activepassive	οὗτοι πάντες μαρτυρηθέντες διὰ τῆς πίστεως, οὐκ ἐκομίσαντο τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν	1	Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive the promise	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	39	l5wd	figs-activepassive	οὗτοι πάντες μαρτυρηθέντες διὰ τῆς πίστεως, οὐκ ἐκομίσαντο τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν	1	Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive the promise	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	39	vgw2	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν	1	the promise	Here, **the promise** stands for “what God had promised them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	11	40	p9uu	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν	1	so that without us, they would not be made perfect	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “in order that God not would perfect them without also perfecting us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	40	p9uu	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν	1	so that without us, they would not be made perfect	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “in order that God not would perfect them without also perfecting us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	40	nkci	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν	1		You can state the double negative **without … not** in positive form. Alternate translation: “in order that God would perfect both us and them together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	12	intro	h1qb			0		# Hebrews 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>After telling of the value discipline, the author begins a series of exhortations. (See; [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exhort]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:5-6, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Discipline<br><br>God wants his people to do what is right. When they do what is wrong, he needs to correct or punish them. He does this just as earthly fathers correct and punish children whom they love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]])
 HEB	12	1	jg6w	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς…ἡμῖν…τρέχωμεν…ἡμῖν	1	General Information:	The word **we** and each occurrence of **us** refers to the author and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ HEB	12	5	y6cv	figs-personification	τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἥτις ὑ
 HEB	12	5	e6a9	figs-gendernotations	ὡς υἱοῖς…υἱέ μου	1	as sons … My son	The word translated **sons** and **son** is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. However, as stated by the UST and some English versions, the author is directing his words to both males and females. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 HEB	12	5	a7vf		υἱέ μου, μὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας Κυρίου, μηδὲ ἐκλύου ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος	1	My son … corrected by him	Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament, which was the words of Solomon to his male children.
 HEB	12	5	cxe9	figs-litotes	μὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας Κυρίου, μηδὲ ἐκλύου	1	do not think lightly of the Lord’s discipline, nor grow weary	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “take it very seriously when the Lord disciplines you, and remain encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
-HEB	12	5	i1a6	figs-activepassive	ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος	1	you are corrected by him	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when he corrects you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	5	i1a6	figs-activepassive	ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος	1	you are corrected by him	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when he corrects you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	6	zu3c		πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται	1	every son whom he receives	The word translated **son** is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
 HEB	12	7	v1gu	figs-simile	ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός	1	God deals with you as with sons	This compares God disciplining his people to a father disciplining his **sons**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 HEB	12	7	upgq	figs-ellipsis	ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός	1		You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “God deals with you the same way a father deals with his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -718,14 +718,14 @@ HEB	12	9	pem8		καὶ ζήσομεν	1	and live	Alternate translation: “so th
 HEB	12	10	l1a3	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ	1	so that we can share in his holiness	This metaphor speaks of **holiness** as if it were an object that can be shared among people. Alternate translation: “so that we may become holy as God is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	11	g13e	figs-metaphor	καρπὸν εἰρηνικὸν…ἀποδίδωσιν δικαιοσύνης	1	it produces the peaceful fruit of righteousness	Here, **fruit** here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it produces the peaceful result of righteousness” or “it produces righteousness, which results in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	11	xbg8	figs-personification	τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις	1	who have been trained by it	The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “for those who have been trained by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-HEB	12	11	gaor	figs-activepassive	τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has trained by disciplining them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	11	gaor	figs-activepassive	τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has trained by disciplining them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	12	cvp9	figs-metaphor	τὰς παρειμένας χεῖρας, καὶ τὰ παραλελυμένα γόνατα, ἀνορθώσατε	1	strengthen your hands that hang down and your weak knees.	Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	13	yi9n	figs-metaphor	τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς ποιεῖτε τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν	1	Make straight paths for your feet	Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	13	qmq7	figs-metaphor	τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς	1	straight paths	Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a **straight** path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	13	i19d	figs-metaphor	μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ	1	what is lame will not be sprained	In this metaphor of running a race, **lame** represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. Alternate translation: “whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	13	euf9	figs-metaphor	μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ	1	will not be sprained	Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	12	13	c8e5	figs-activepassive	μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	12	13	wq18	figs-activepassive	ἰαθῇ δὲ μᾶλλον	1	rather be healed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but instead become strong” or “but instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	13	c8e5	figs-activepassive	μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	13	wq18	figs-activepassive	ἰαθῇ δὲ μᾶλλον	1	rather be healed	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but instead become strong” or “but instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	14	g22e	figs-metaphor	εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων	1		Here, **peace** is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after. Alternate translation: “Seek to be at peace with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	14	h45r	figs-abstractnouns	εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων	1	Pursue peace with everyone	You can translate the abstract noun **peace** with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Try to live peacefully with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	12	14	pa9a	figs-doublenegatives	καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον	1	also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord	You can express the double negative *without … no one** as a positive encouragement. Alternate translation: “also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
@@ -733,22 +733,22 @@ HEB	12	14	v9z7	figs-ellipsis	καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν	1	also the holine
 HEB	12	15	at8j	figs-doublenegatives	μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	no one lacks God’s grace	You can state the double negative **no one … lacking** in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone receives enough of God’s grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	12	15	nh7g	figs-metaphor	μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί	1	that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it	Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant that is bitter to the taste. Alternate translation: “that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	16	b6ef		Ἠσαῦ	1	General Information:	**Esau**, who was told about in the writings of Moses, was Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother.
-HEB	12	17	j6x8	figs-activepassive	ἀπεδοκιμάσθη	1	he was rejected	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “his father, Isaac, refused to bless him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	17	j6x8	figs-activepassive	ἀπεδοκιμάσθη	1	he was rejected	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “his father, Isaac, refused to bless him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	17	d6he	figs-abstractnouns	μετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν	1	because he found no opportunity for repentance	You can translate the abstract noun **repentance** with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because it was not possible for him to repent” or “because it was not possible for him to change his decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	12	17	b7k3		καίπερ μετὰ δακρύων ἐκζητήσας αὐτήν	1	even though he sought it with tears	Here, **he** refers to Esau.
 HEB	12	18	xti4			0	Connecting Statement:	The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses’ time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai.
 HEB	12	18	y1ed		οὐ…προσεληλύθατε	1	General Information:	Here, **you** refers to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote.
 HEB	12	18	a43l	figs-explicit	οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε, ψηλαφωμένῳ	1	For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched	You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “For you have not come, as the people of Israel came, to a mountain that can be touched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	12	18	w6j6	figs-activepassive	οὐ…ψηλαφωμένῳ	1	that can be touched	This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you have not come come a mountain that you can touch” or “ you have not come come a mountain that you can perceive with your senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	18	w6j6	figs-activepassive	οὐ…ψηλαφωμένῳ	1	that can be touched	This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you have not come come a mountain that you can touch” or “ you have not come come a mountain that you can perceive with your senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	19	x2qk	figs-metonymy	καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον	1	nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them	Here, **voice** refers to someone speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	12	19	a9uh	figs-activepassive	καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον	1		You can state the phrase **be added** in active form. Alternate translation: “or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	12	20	p7qu	figs-activepassive	τὸ διαστελλόμενον	1	what was commanded	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	12	20	x31x	figs-activepassive	λιθοβοληθήσεται	1	it must be stoned	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	20	p7qu	figs-activepassive	τὸ διαστελλόμενον	1	what was commanded	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	20	x31x	figs-activepassive	λιθοβοληθήσεται	1	it must be stoned	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	22	r9dz	figs-metaphor	Σιὼν Ὄρει	1	Mount Zion	The writer speaks of **Mount Zion**, the location of the Temple in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	22	k1kv		μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων	1	tens of thousands of angels	Alternate translation: “to an uncountable number of angels”
 HEB	12	23	j94e	figs-metaphor	πρωτοτόκων	1	the firstborn	Here, **the firstborn** is plural and speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	12	23	km4a	figs-activepassive	ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	registered in heaven	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	12	23	i7qb	figs-activepassive	τετελειωμένων	1	who have been made perfect	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has made perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	23	km4a	figs-activepassive	ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	registered in heaven	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	23	i7qb	figs-activepassive	τετελειωμένων	1	who have been made perfect	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has made perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	24	kq1v		διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ	1	the mediator of a new covenant	This means **Jesus** caused the **new covenant** between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/15.md).
 HEB	12	24	nz8l	figs-personification	αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ	1	the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel’s blood	The **blood** of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “to the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 HEB	12	24	w9jj		τὸν Ἂβελ	1	General Information:	Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.
@@ -764,10 +764,10 @@ HEB	12	26	rf4e		οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν τότε
 HEB	12	26	rspc		ἔτι ἅπαξ ἐγὼ σείσω, οὐ μόνον τὴν γῆν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν οὐρανόν	1		This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament.
 HEB	12	26	i1c8		ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω	1	shook … shake	Translate **shook** and **shake** with words for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
 HEB	12	27	z6ys	figs-abstractnouns	δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν	1	mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things	You can translate the abstract noun **removal** with the verbal phrase “take away.” Alternate translation: “to the taking away of the things that can be shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-HEB	12	27	dnpi	figs-activepassive	δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “means that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things that he created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	27	dnpi	figs-activepassive	δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “means that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things that he created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	27	l29r		τῶν σαλευομένων	1	shaken	Translate **shaken** with the word for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated “shook” and “shake” in [Hebrews 12:26](../12/26.md).
-HEB	12	27	s3xt	figs-activepassive	πεποιημένων	1	that have been created	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of what God has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	12	27	ta84	figs-activepassive	τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα	1	the things that cannot be shaken	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that do not shake” or “the things that cannot shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	27	s3xt	figs-activepassive	πεποιημένων	1	that have been created	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of what God has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	12	27	ta84	figs-activepassive	τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα	1	the things that cannot be shaken	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that do not shake” or “the things that cannot shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	12	28	m44c	grammar-connect-words-phrases	βασιλείαν ἀσάλευτον παραλαμβάνοντες	1	receiving a kingdom	You can add the words **because we are** to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. Alternate translation: “because we are receiving an unshakeable kingdom” or “because God is making us members of his kingdom which cannot be shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 HEB	12	28	btf6		ἔχωμεν χάριν	1	let us be grateful	Alternate translation: “let us give thanks”
 HEB	12	28	f382	figs-doublet	μετὰ εὐλαβείας καὶ δέους	1	with reverence and awe	The words **reverence** and **awe** share similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of reverence due to God. Alternate translation: “with great respect and dread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -777,10 +777,10 @@ HEB	13	1	sf1n			0	Connecting Statement:	In this closing section, the author give
 HEB	13	1	g819		ἡ φιλαδελφία μενέτω	1	Let brotherly love continue	Alternate translation: “Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for members of your family”
 HEB	13	2	rh7r	figs-litotes	μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε	1	Do not forget	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be sure to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 HEB	13	2	y7cd		φιλοξενίας	1	hospitality	Alternate translation: “to welcome and show kindness to strangers”
-HEB	13	3	mx5r	figs-activepassive	ὡς συνδεδεμένοι	1	as if you were bound with them	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if someone tied you to them” or “as if you were in prison with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	13	3	d3ze	figs-activepassive	τῶν κακουχουμένων	1	who are mistreated	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and those whom others are mistreating” or “and those who are suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	3	mx5r	figs-activepassive	ὡς συνδεδεμένοι	1	as if you were bound with them	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if someone tied you to them” or “as if you were in prison with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	3	d3ze	figs-activepassive	τῶν κακουχουμένων	1	who are mistreated	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and those whom others are mistreating” or “and those who are suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	13	3	g4ap	figs-activepassive	ὡς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὄντες ἐν σώματι	1	as if you also were them in the body	This phrase encourages believers to think about other people’s suffering as they would think about their own suffering. Alternate translation: “as if you were the one suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	13	4	ix27	figs-activepassive	τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Let marriage be respected by everyone	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone should consider that marriage is a good and honorable thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	4	ix27	figs-activepassive	τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Let marriage be respected by everyone	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone should consider that marriage is a good and honorable thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	13	4	ix79	figs-euphemism	ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος	1	Let the marriage bed be pure	Here, **the marriage bed** is a polite way to refer to the act of sexual union of a married couple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 HEB	13	4	aokv	figs-metonymy	ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος	1		This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. Alternate translation: “let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	13	5	sz35	figs-metonymy	ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος	1	Let your conduct be free from the love of money	Here, **conduct** refers to a person’s character or the way he lives, and **free from the love of money** refers to not greatly desiring to have more money. A person who loves money is not content with the amount of money he has. Alternate translation: “Let your conduct not be affected by the love of money” or “Do not greatly wish to have more money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -791,16 +791,16 @@ HEB	13	7	ym9m		τὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς	1	the resu
 HEB	13	7	tvu6	figs-metonymy	μιμεῖσθε τὴν πίστιν	1	Imitate their faith	Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as **their faith**. Alternate translation: “trust and obey God in the same way they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	13	8	dv5g	figs-metonymy	ἐχθὲς καὶ σήμερον, ὁ αὐτός, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας	1	is the same yesterday, today, and forever	Here, **yesterday** means all times in the past. Alternate translation: “is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	13	9	y92c			0	General Information:	This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about.
-HEB	13	9	dp5w	figs-metaphor	διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε	1	Do not be carried away by various strange teachings	Being persuaded by **various and strange teachings** is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not be persuaded by various and strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	13	9	nbb3	figs-activepassive	διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε	1		You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	9	dp5w	figs-metaphor	διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε	1	Do not be carried away by various strange teachings	Being persuaded by **various and strange teachings** is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not be persuaded by various and strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+HEB	13	9	nbb3	figs-activepassive	διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε	1		If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	13	9	fe6i		διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις	1	various strange teachings	Alternate translation: “by many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you”
-HEB	13	9	tmt1	figs-activepassive	καλὸν…χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες	1	it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	9	tmt1	figs-activepassive	καλὸν…χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες	1	it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	13	9	t28u	figs-metonymy	βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν	1	the heart should be strengthened	Here, **heart** is a metonym for the “inner being.” Alternate translation: “we should be strengthened inwardly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	13	9	ar93	figs-metonymy	βρώμασιν	1	foods	Here, **foods** stands for rules about food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	13	9	kf3b	figs-metaphor	οἱ περιπατοῦντες	1	those who walk by them	Living is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “those who live by them” or “those who regulate their lives by them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	13	10	jjy3	figs-metonymy	ἔχομεν θυσιαστήριον	1	We have an altar	Here, **altar** stands for “place of worship.” It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	13	11	luf7	figs-activepassive	ὧν…εἰσφέρεται ζῴων τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας εἰς τὰ ἅγια διὰ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως	1	the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the high priest brings into the holy place the blood of the animals that the priests killed for sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	13	11	iv19	figs-activepassive	τούτων τὰ σώματα κατακαίεται	1	while their bodies are burned	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “while the priests burn the animals’ bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	11	luf7	figs-activepassive	ὧν…εἰσφέρεται ζῴων τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας εἰς τὰ ἅγια διὰ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως	1	the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the high priest brings into the holy place the blood of the animals that the priests killed for sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	11	iv19	figs-activepassive	τούτων τὰ σώματα κατακαίεται	1	while their bodies are burned	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “while the priests burn the animals’ bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	13	11	f7nb		ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς	1	outside the camp	Alternate translation: “away from where the people lived”
 HEB	13	12	x48h			0	Connecting Statement:	There is a comparison here between Jesus’ sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament.
 HEB	13	12	fw9g		διὸ	1	So	Alternate translation: “In the same way” or “Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp” ([Hebrews 13:11](../13/11.md))
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ HEB	13	17	z2yp	figs-metonymy	μὴ στενάζοντες	1	not with groaning	He
 HEB	13	18	d5hf			0	Connecting Statement:	The author closes with a blessing and greetings.
 HEB	13	18	xmh1	figs-exclusive	προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν	1	Pray for us	Here, **us** refers to the author and his companions, but not to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 HEB	13	18	n6gb	figs-metaphor	πειθόμεθα…ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν	1	we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience	Here, **good conscience** stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	13	19	cg4l	figs-activepassive	ἵνα τάχειον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν	1	that I will be returned to you sooner	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	19	cg4l	figs-activepassive	ἵνα τάχειον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν	1	that I will be returned to you sooner	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	13	20	n66e		δὲ	1	Now	**Now** marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.
 HEB	13	20	d8yq		ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν…τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν	1	brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus	Alternate translation: “raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life”
 HEB	13	20	k6n6		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	Here, **the dead** describes all dead people together in the underworld. To bring someone up from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again.
@@ -832,6 +832,6 @@ HEB	13	22	wa9r		δὲ	1	Now	**Now** marks a new section of the letter. Here the
 HEB	13	22	b27j	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** refers to all the believers to whom the author is writing, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 HEB	13	22	d5e6		ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως	1	bear with the word of encouragement	Alternate translation: “patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
 HEB	13	22	l8b3	figs-metonymy	τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως	1	the word of encouragement	Here, **word** stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the encouraging message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	13	23	w3m2	figs-activepassive	ἀπολελυμένον	1	has been set free	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	13	23	w3m2	figs-activepassive	ἀπολελυμένον	1	has been set free	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	13	24	r7kn		ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	Those from Italy greet you	This could mean: (1) the author is not in **Italy**, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy. (2) the author is in **Italy** while writing this letter.
 HEB	13	24	kk9c	translate-names	τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	Italy	**Italy** is the name of a region at that time. At that time, Rome was the capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

en_tn_65-3JN.tsv

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 3JN	1	11	sz2h	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν	1	but what is good	There are words left out but they are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 3JN	1	11	cm8t		ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν	1	is from God	Alternate translation: “comes from God”
 3JN	1	11	zan2	figs-metaphor	οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν	1	has not seen God	“Seeing” here is a metaphor that stands for knowing or understanding. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-3JN	1	12	pl7i	figs-activepassive	Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων	1	Demetrius is borne witness to by all	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+3JN	1	12	pl7i	figs-activepassive	Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων	1	Demetrius is borne witness to by all	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 3JN	1	12	m22h	translate-names	Δημητρίῳ	1	Demetrius	This is probably a man whom John wants Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. He may be the person delivering this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 3JN	1	12	rad4	figs-personification	ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας	1	by the truth itself	“the truth itself speaks well of him.” Here, **truth** is described as though it were a person speaking. Here, **truth** refers to “the true message from God.” Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 3JN	1	12	mftm	figs-ellipsis	ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας	1	by the truth itself	There are words left out of this clause but they are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “he is borne witness to by the truth itself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])