Added notes for Luke 1-12, Titus, and 3 John (#1340)

en_tn_43-LUK.tsv

@@ -600,6 +600,7 @@ LUK	5	8	j67m		ἀνὴρ ἁμαρτωλός	1	a sinful man	The word here for
 LUK	5	9	c2eh		τῇ ἄγρᾳ τῶν ἰχθύων	1	the catch of fish	“the large number of fish”
 LUK	5	10	k4ft		κοινωνοὶ τῷ Σίμωνι	1	partners with Simon	“Simon’s partners in his fishing business”
 LUK	5	10	u6zs	figs-metaphor	ἀνθρώπους ἔσῃ ζωγρῶν	1	you will be catching men	The image of catching fish is being used as a metaphor for gathering people to follow Christ. Alternate translation: “you will fish for people” or “you will gather people for me” or “you will bring people to be my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+LUK	5	11	abca		τὴν γῆν	1	the land	"the shore"
 LUK	5	12	sta8			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus heals a leper in a different city that is not named.
 LUK	5	12	j1xy	writing-newevent	καὶ ἐγένετο	1	It came about that	This phrase marks a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 LUK	5	12	r35h	writing-participants	ἀνὴρ πλήρης λέπρας	1	a man full of leprosy	“a man who was covered with leprosy.” This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
@@ -607,7 +608,8 @@ LUK	5	12	i3zk	figs-idiom	πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον	1	he fell on his
 LUK	5	12	m4k2		ἐὰν θέλῃς	1	if you are willing	“if you want to”
 LUK	5	12	x7ss	figs-explicit	δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι	1	you can make me clean	It is understood that he was asking Jesus to heal him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “please make me clean, because you are able” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 LUK	5	12	ys5f	figs-explicit	με καθαρίσαι	1	make me clean	This refers to ceremonial cleanness, but it is understood that he is unclean because of the leprosy. He is really asking Jesus to heal him of his disease. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “heal me from leprosy so I will be clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-LUK	5	13	ziz1	figs-explicit	καθαρίσθητι	1	Be clean	This refers to ceremonial cleanness, but it is understood that he is unclean because of the leprosy. He is really asking Jesus to heal him of his disease. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Be healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+LUK	5	13	abc5	figs-imperative	καὶ ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα, ἥψατο αὐτοῦ	1	Then he reached out his hand and touched him	"Then Jesus reached out his hand and touched the man"
+LUK	5	13	ziz1	figs-explicit	καθαρίσθητι	1	Be clean	This was not a command that the man was supposed to obey. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
 LUK	5	13	l48a		ἡ λέπρα ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	the leprosy left him	“he no longer had leprosy”
 LUK	5	14	q18t	figs-quotations	μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν	1	to tell no one	This can be translated as a direct quote: “Do not tell anyone” There is implied information that can also be stated explicitly (AT): “do not tell anyone that you have been healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 LUK	5	14	v1wn		προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου	1	offer a sacrifice for your cleansing	The law required a person to make a specific sacrifice after they were healed. This allowed the person to be ceremonially clean, and able to again participate in religious rituals.
@@ -621,9 +623,11 @@ LUK	5	17	mb8m	writing-newevent	ἐγένετο	1	it came about	This phrase marks
 LUK	5	18	cl7s	writing-participants	καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἄνδρες	1	Now there were some men	These are new people in the story. Your language may have a way of showing that these are new people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
 LUK	5	18	l9q8		κλίνης	1	a mat	sleeping pad or bed or stretcher
 LUK	5	18	z2n2		ἦν παραλελυμένος	1	was paralyzed	“could not move himself”
+LUK	5	18	abc6		ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ	1	in front of him	"before Jesus"
 LUK	5	19	y491		καὶ μὴ εὑρόντες ποίας εἰσενέγκωσιν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸν ὄχλον	1	When they could not find a way to bring him in because of the crowd	In some languages it might be more natural to reorder this. Alternate translation: “But because of the crowd of people, they could not find a way to bring the man inside. So”
 LUK	5	19	rkm6	figs-ellipsis	διὰ τὸν ὄχλον	1	because of the crowd	It is clear that the reason they could not enter was that the crowd was so large that there was no room for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 LUK	5	19	s7bm	figs-explicit	ἀναβάντες ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα	1	they went up to the housetop	Houses had flat roofs, and some houses had a ladder or staircase outside to make it easy to go up there. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “they went up to the flat roof of the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+LUK	5	19	abc7		καθῆκαν αὐτὸν	1	and let him down	"and lowered the man down"
 LUK	5	19	l85u		ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	in front of Jesus	“directly in front of Jesus” or “immediately in front of Jesus”
 LUK	5	20	l83a	figs-ellipsis	καὶ ἰδὼν τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν εἶπεν	1	Seeing their faith, he said	It is understood that they believe Jesus can heal the paralyzed man. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “When Jesus perceived that they believed that he could heal the man, he said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 LUK	5	20	z4ek		ἄνθρωπε	1	Man	This is a general word that people used when speaking to a man whose name they did not know. It was not rude, but it also did not show special respect. Some languages might use a word like “friend” or “sir.”
@@ -645,9 +649,12 @@ LUK	5	26	f6tp		ἐπλήσθησαν φόβου	1	were filled with fear	“very
 LUK	5	26	s3l6		παράδοξα	1	extraordinary things	“amazing things” or “strange things”
 LUK	5	27	w3i5			0	Connecting Statement:	When Jesus leaves the house, he calls Levi, the Jewish tax collector, to follow him. Jesus annoys the Pharisees and scribes because he attends a big meal that Levi prepares for him.
 LUK	5	27	k6r2	writing-newevent	καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After these things happened	The phrase “these things” refers to what happened in the previous verses. This signals a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+LUK	5	27	abc8		ἐξῆλθεν	1	he went out	"Jesus left there"
 LUK	5	27	xf15		ἐθεάσατο τελώνην	1	saw a tax collector	“looked at a tax collector with attention” or “looked carefully at a tax collector”
 LUK	5	27	b3tr	figs-idiom	ἀκολούθει μοι	1	Follow me	To “follow” someone is to become that person’s disciple. Alternate translation: “Be my disciple” or “Come, follow me as your teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 LUK	5	28	phw9		καταλιπὼν πάντα	1	leaving everything behind	“left his work as a tax collector”
+LUK	5	28	abc9		αταλιπὼν πάντα, ἀναστὰς	1	leaving everything behind, he got up	It may be more natural rearrange the order as, "he got up and left everything."
+LUK	5	28	abc0		ἀναστὰς ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ	1	he got up and began to follow him	"Levi tot up and began to follow Jesus"
 LUK	5	29	t2j7			0	Connecting Statement:	At the meal, Jesus speaks with the Pharisees and scribes.
 LUK	5	29	g6yt		ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	in his house	“in Levi’s house”
 LUK	5	29	ip2m	figs-explicit	κατακείμενοι	1	reclining at the table	The Greek style of eating at a feast was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. Alternate translation: “eating together” or “eating at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -702,6 +709,7 @@ LUK	6	8	d7zu		εἰς τὸ μέσον	1	in the midst of us	“in front of every
 LUK	6	9	j8y7		πρὸς αὐτούς	1	to them	“to the Pharisees”
 LUK	6	9	m5yz	figs-rquestion	ἐπερωτῶ ὑμᾶς, εἰ ἔξεστιν τῷ Σαββάτῳ ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι, ψυχὴν σῶσαι ἢ ἀπολέσαι?	1	I ask you, is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save a life or to destroy it?	Jesus asks this question to force the Pharisees to admit that he was right to heal on the Sabbath. The intent of the question is thus rhetorical: to get them to admit what they all know is true rather than to obtain information. However, Jesus says, “I ask you,” so this question is not like other rhetorical questions that might need to be translated as statements. This should be translated as a question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 LUK	6	9	dc6f		ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι	1	to do good or to do harm	“to help someone or to harm someone”
+LUK	6	10	abcb		περιβλεψάμενος πάντας αὐτοὺς, εἶπεν αὐτῷ	1	he looked around at them all and said to him	"Jesus looked around and at them all and said to the man"
 LUK	6	10	x77k		ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου	1	Stretch out your hand	“Hold out your hand” or “Extend your hand”
 LUK	6	10	hce1		ἀποκατεστάθη	1	was restored	healed
 LUK	6	12	ay59			0	General Information:	Jesus chooses twelve apostles after he prays all night.
@@ -716,6 +724,7 @@ LUK	6	15	et48		Ζηλωτὴν	1	the Zealot	Possible meanings are 1) “the Zeal
 LUK	6	16	g24m	figs-explicit	ἐγένετο προδότης	1	became a traitor	It may be necessary to explain what “traitor” means in this context. Alternate translation: “betrayed his friend” or “turned his friend over to enemies” (usually in return for money paid) or “exposed a friend to danger by telling enemies about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 LUK	6	17	t33z			0	Connecting Statement:	Though Jesus especially addresses his disciples, there are many people around who listen.
 LUK	6	17	i5gv		μετ’ αὐτῶν	1	with them	“with the twelve he had chosen” or “with his twelve apostles”
+LUK	6	17	abcc	figs-hyperbole	ἀπὸ πάσης	1	from all	This is a generalization. A large number of people came from each of the cities and regions that Luke lists here. Alternate translation: "from all over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 LUK	6	18	dpj5	figs-activepassive	ἰαθῆναι	1	to be healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Jesus to heal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	6	18	wfm9	figs-activepassive	καὶ οἱ ἐνοχλούμενοι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων ἐθεραπεύοντο	1	Those who were troubled with unclean spirits were also healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus also healed people who were troubled with unclean spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	6	18	t8ac		οἱ ἐνοχλούμενοι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων	1	Those who were troubled with unclean spirits	“bothered by unclean spirits” or “controlled by evil spirits”
@@ -760,7 +769,7 @@ LUK	6	35	s8j7		μηδὲν ἀπελπίζοντες	1	expecting nothing in retu
 LUK	6	35	ly98		ἔσται ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολύς	1	your reward will be great	“you will receive a great reward” or “you will receive good payment” or “you will get good gifts because of it”
 LUK	6	35	zw5k		ἔσεσθε υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου	1	you will be sons of the Most High	It is best to translate “sons” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human son or child.
 LUK	6	35	qr5x		υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου	1	sons of the Most High	Make sure that the word “sons” is plural so it is not confused with Jesus’ title “The Son of the Most High.”
-LUK	6	35	ku6l		τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς	1	unthankful and evil people	“people who do not thank him and who are evil”
+LUK	6	35	ku6l	figs-abstractnouns	τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς	1	the unthankful and evil	The words "unthankful" and "evil" are pural abstract nouns. They can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “people who do not thank him and who are evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LUK	6	36	n28w		ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν	1	your Father	This refers to God. It is best to translate “Father” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father.
 LUK	6	37	a8c7		καὶ μὴ κρίνετε	1	Do not judge	“Do not judge people” or “Do not harshly criticize people”
 LUK	6	37	e8fb	figs-activepassive	οὐ μὴ κριθῆτε	1	you will not be judged	Jesus does not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are 1) “God will not judge you” or 2) “no one will judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -855,7 +864,7 @@ LUK	7	16	wn5b	figs-idiom	ἐπεσκέψατο	1	has looked upon	This idiom mean
 LUK	7	17	a7l7		καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος οὗτος…περὶ αὐτοῦ	1	This news about him spread	“This news” refers to the things people were saying in verse 16. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People spread this report about Jesus” or “People told others this report about Jesus”
 LUK	7	17	g4zt		ὁ λόγος οὗτος	1	This news	“This report” or “This message”
 LUK	7	18	p9nd			0	Connecting Statement:	John sends two of his disciples to question Jesus.
-LUK	7	18	xt3i	writing-newevent	ἀπήγγειλαν Ἰωάννῃ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ πάντων τούτων	1	John’s disciples told him concerning all these things	This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+LUK	7	18	xt3i	writing-newevent	ἀπήγγειλαν Ἰωάννῃ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ πάντων τούτων	1	his own disciples reported to John concerning all these things	"John’s disciples told John about all these things…" This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 LUK	7	18	r11g		ἀπήγγειλαν Ἰωάννῃ	1	reported to John	“told John”
 LUK	7	18	jf5m		πάντων τούτων	1	all these things	“all the things Jesus was doing”
 LUK	7	20	ftb7	figs-quotations	οἱ ἄνδρες εἶπαν, Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς ἀπέστειλεν ἡμᾶς πρὸς σὲ λέγων, σὺ εἶ…ἢ ἄλλον προσδοκῶμεν?	1	the men said, “John the Baptist has sent us to you to say, ‘Are you…or should we look for another?’”	This sentence can be rewritten so that it only has one direct quote. Alternate translation: “the men said that John the Baptist had sent them to him to ask, ‘Are you the one who is coming, or should we look for another?’” or “the men said, ‘John the Baptist has sent us to you to ask if you are the one who is coming, or if we should look for another.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
@@ -869,6 +878,7 @@ LUK	7	23	y4px	figs-activepassive	καὶ μακάριός ἐστιν ὃς ἐ
 LUK	7	23	i5dl		καὶ μακάριός ἐστιν ὃς ἐὰν μὴ	1	Blessed is anyone who does not	“People who do not…are blessed” or “Anyone who does not…is blessed” or “Whoever does not…is blessed.” This is not a specific person.
 LUK	7	23	i7zh	figs-doublenegatives	μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί	1	not take offense at me	This double negative means “continues to believe in me despite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 LUK	7	24	k1zb			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus begins to speak to the crowd about John the Baptist. He asks rhetorical questions to lead them to think about what John the Baptist is really like.
+LUK	7	24	abcd		ἤρξατο	1	he began	"Jesus began"
 LUK	7	24	h9dw	figs-rquestion	τί…κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον?	1	What…A reed shaken by the wind?	This expects a negative answer. “Did you go out to see a reed shaken by the wind? Of course not!” It can also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not go out to see a reed being shaken by the wind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 LUK	7	24	gbv9	figs-metaphor	κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον	1	A reed shaken by the wind	Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) a person who easily changes his mind, as reeds are easily moved by the wind, or 2) a person who talks a lot but does not say anything important, as reeds rattle when the wind blows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LUK	7	25	tcp3	figs-rquestion	ἀλλὰ τί…ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον?	1	But what…A man dressed in soft clothes?	This also expects a negative answer, since John wore rough garments. “Did you go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes? Of course not!” This can also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: You certainly did not go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1058,6 +1068,7 @@ LUK	8	37	ai7m		τῆς περιχώρου τῶν Γερασηνῶν	1	the regi
 LUK	8	37	jbh5	figs-activepassive	φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συνείχοντο	1	they were overwhelmed with great fear	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	8	37	ue8c	figs-ellipsis	ὑπέστρεψεν	1	to return	The destination can be stated. Alternate translation: “go back across the lake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 LUK	8	38	s25w		ὁ ἀνὴρ	1	The man	The events in these verses happened before Jesus left in the boat. It may be helpful to state this clearly at the beginning. Alternate translation: “Before Jesus and his disciples left, the man” or “Before Jesus and his disciples set sail, the man”
+LUK	8	38	abce		ἀπέλυσεν δὲ αὐτὸν	1	but he sent him away	"but Jesus sent the man away"
 LUK	8	39	zl3v		τὸν οἶκόν σου	1	your home	“your household” or “your family”
 LUK	8	39	c9nh		διηγοῦ ὅσα σοι ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός	1	describe all that God has done for you	“tell them everything about what God has done for you”
 LUK	8	40	w2wn	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses give background information about Jairus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@@ -1297,7 +1308,7 @@ LUK	10	19	xl7q	figs-metaphor	τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πατεῖν ἐ
 LUK	10	19	cq5x	figs-ellipsis	τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων	1	to tread on serpents and scorpions	This implies that they would do this and not be injured. Alternate translation: “walk on snakes and scorpions and they will not hurt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 LUK	10	19	mla6		σκορπίων	1	scorpions	Scorpions are small animals with two claws and a poisonous stinger on their tail.
 LUK	10	19	uvt4	figs-ellipsis	ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ	1	over all the power of the enemy	“I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy” or “I have given you authority to defeat the enemy.” The enemy is Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-LUK	10	20	cs52		ἐν τούτῳ μὴ χαίρετε, ὅτι τὰ πνεύματα ὑμῖν ὑποτάσσεται, χαίρετε δὲ ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	do not rejoice only in this, that the spirits submit to you, but also rejoice that your names are written in heaven	“do not rejoice only because the spirits submit to you” can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “rejoice that your names are written in heaven even more than you rejoice that the spirits submit to you”
+LUK	10	20	cs52	figs-hyperbole	ἐν τούτῳ μὴ χαίρετε, ὅτι τὰ πνεύματα ὑμῖν ὑποτάσσεται, χαίρετε δὲ ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	do not rejoice in this, that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven	This is an exaggeration to show that the thing they should rejoice about most is that their names are written in heaven. “do not rejoice only because the spirits submit to you” can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “rejoice that your names are written in heaven even more than you rejoice that the spirits submit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 LUK	10	20	s4cj	figs-activepassive	τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	your names are written in heaven	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has written your names in heaven” or “your names are on the list of people who are citizens of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LUK	10	21	mf9d	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 LUK	10	21	rs3w	figs-merism	Κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς	1	Lord of heaven and earth	“heaven” and “earth” represent everything that exists. Alternate translation: “Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

en_tn_57-TIT.tsv

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
-TIT	front	intro	m2jl			0		# Introduction to Titus<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Titus<br><br>1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders (1:1-16)<br>1. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives (2:1-3:11)<br>1. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers (3:12-15)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Titus?<br><br>Paul wrote the Book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>### What is the Book of Titus about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. He also encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, ***Titus.*** Or they may choose a clearer title, such as ***Paul’s Letter to Titus*** or ***A Letter to Titus.*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### In what roles can people serve within the church?<br><br>There are some teachings in the Book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural **you**<br><br>In this book, the word **I** refers to Paul. Also, the word **you** is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What is the meaning of **God our Savior?**<br><br>This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him, and by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is **our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.**
+TIT	front	intro	m2jl			0		# Introduction to Titus<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Titus<br><br>1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders (1:1-16)<br>1. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives (2:1-3:11)<br>1. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers (3:12-15)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Titus?<br><br>Paul wrote the Book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>### What is the Book of Titus about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. He also encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, **_Titus_**. Or they may choose a clearer title, such as **_Paul’s Letter to Titus_** or **_A Letter to Titus_**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### In what roles can people serve within the church?<br><br>There are some teachings in the Book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural **you**<br><br>In this book, the word **I** refers to Paul. Also, the word **you** is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What is the meaning of **God our Savior**?<br><br>This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him, and by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is **our great God and Savior Jesus Christ**.
 TIT	1	intro	c7me			0		# Titus 01 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br><br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Should, may, must<br><br>The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.
-TIT	1	1	rtc9		κατὰ πίστιν	1	for the faith	***to strengthen the faith***
+TIT	1	1	rtc9		κατὰ πίστιν	1	for the faith	**_to strengthen the faith_**
 TIT	1	1	xyz8	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας	1	knowledge of the truth	**knowledge** and **truth** are abstract nouns. See the UST for other ways to express these. Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can live in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-TIT	1	1	fyf8		τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν	1	that agrees with godliness	***that is suitable for honoring God***
-TIT	1	2	xyz9		ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	with the certain hope of everlasting life	***that gives us the certain hope of everlasting life*** or ***based on our certain hope for everlasting life***
-TIT	1	2	r2gj		πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	before all the ages of time	***before time began***
-TIT	1	3	b22h		καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	at the right time	***at the proper time***
+TIT	1	1	fyf8		τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν	1	that agrees with godliness	**_that is suitable for honoring God_**
+TIT	1	2	xyz9		ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	with the certain hope of everlasting life	**_that gives us the certain hope of everlasting life_** or **_based on our certain hope for everlasting life_**
+TIT	1	2	r2gj		πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	before all the ages of time	**_before time began_**
+TIT	1	3	b22h		καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	at the right time	**_at the proper time_**
 TIT	1	3	swi9	figs-metaphor	ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	he revealed his word	Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “He caused me to understand his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	1	3	abc9		ἐν κηρύγματι	1	by the proclamation	***through the proclamation of the message***
+TIT	1	3	abc9		ἐν κηρύγματι	1	by the proclamation	**_through the proclamation of the message_**
 TIT	1	3	m41u	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ	1	that I was entrusted with	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he entrusted to me” or “he gave me the responsibility to preach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-TIT	1	3	dpn4		τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	of God our Savior	***of God, who saves us***
+TIT	1	3	dpn4		τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	of God our Savior	**_of God, who saves us_**
 TIT	1	3	xy18	figs-inclusive	 ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
 TIT	1	4	gu55	figs-metaphor	γνησίῳ τέκνῳ	1	a true son	Though Titus was not Paul’s biological **son**, they share a common faith in Christ. Paul considers relationship to Christ through faith to be more important than biological relationship. Thus, because of their relative ages and shared faith in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. It may also be that Paul led Titus to faith in Christ, and so Titus is like a son in this spiritual sense. Alternate translation: “you are like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	1	4	wx6c		κοινὴν πίστιν	1	our common faith	Paul and Titus both share the same faith in Christ. Alternate translation: “because we both believe in Christ”
 TIT	1	4	h93t	figs-ellipsis	χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη	1	Grace and peace	This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness and inner peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-TIT	1	4	s3yr		Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	Christ Jesus our Savior	***Christ Jesus who is our Savior***
+TIT	1	4	s3yr		Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	Christ Jesus our Savior	**_Christ Jesus who is our Savior_**
 TIT	1	4	xy17	figs-inclusive	 ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
 TIT	1	5	ew8h	grammar-connect-logic-goal	τούτου χάριν	1	For this purpose	The connecting phrase **For this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-TIT	1	5	lh9b		ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ	1	I left you in Crete	***I told you to stay in Crete***
-TIT	1	5	ga62		ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ	1	that you might set in order things not yet complete	***so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done***
-TIT	1	5	b52u		καταστήσῃς…πρεσβυτέρους	1	ordain elders	***appoint elders*** or ***designate elders***
+TIT	1	5	lh9b		ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ	1	I left you in Crete	**_I told you to stay in Crete_**
+TIT	1	5	ga62		ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ	1	that you might set in order things not yet complete	**_so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done_**
+TIT	1	5	b52u		καταστήσῃς…πρεσβυτέρους	1	ordain elders	**_appoint elders_** or **_designate elders_***
 TIT	1	5	p56w		πρεσβυτέρους	1	elders	In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers.
 TIT	1	6	wja4			0	Connecting Statement:	Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul then gives the requirements for elders.
 TIT	1	6	jen8		εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος…ἀνήρ	1	An elder must be blameless	To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “An elder must be without blame” or “An elder must not have a bad reputation”
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ TIT	1	6	q6uy	figs-explicit	μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ	1	the husband o
 TIT	1	6	wd6q		τέκνα…πιστά	1	faithful children	Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy.
 TIT	1	7	lz7x		τὸν ἐπίσκοπον	1	the overseer	This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as **elder** in 1:6. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church.
 TIT	1	7	g2zf	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον	1	The household manager of God	Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	1	7	d6l1		μὴ πάροινον	1	not addicted to wine	***not an alcoholic*** or ***not one who drinks much wine***
-TIT	1	7	j1qq		μὴ πλήκτην	1	not a brawler	***not one who is violent*** or ***not one who likes to fight***
+TIT	1	7	d6l1		μὴ πάροινον	1	not addicted to wine	**_not an alcoholic_** or **_not one who drinks much wine_**
+TIT	1	7	j1qq		μὴ πλήκτην	1	not a brawler	**_not one who is violent_** or **_not one who likes to fight_**
 TIT	1	8	i549	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Instead	The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
-TIT	1	8	vkq1		φιλάγαθον	1	a friend of what is good	***a person who loves to do good***
+TIT	1	8	vkq1		φιλάγαθον	1	a friend of what is good	**_a person who loves to do good_**
 TIT	1	8	xy11	figs-doublet	σώφρονα…ἐγκρατῆ	1	sensible…self-controlled	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 TIT	1	8	xy12	figs-doublet	δίκαιον, ὅσιον	1	righteous, holy	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 TIT	1	9	xwy6	figs-metaphor	ἀντεχόμενον	1	He should hold tightly to	Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. Alternate translation: “He should be devoted to” or “He should know well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	1	9	xy10		κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν	1	that is in accordance with the teaching	***that agrees with the things that we taught him***
+TIT	1	9	xy10		κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν	1	that is in accordance with the teaching	**_that agrees with the things that we taught him_**
 TIT	1	9	abcj	grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	so that	The connecting words **so that** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is the elder holding tightly to the trustworthy message, and the result is the elder is not able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 TIT	1	9	pzi1		τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ	1	sound teaching	The Greek word rendered at **sound** normally refers to physical health. Paul speaks of this teaching as if it would cause those who believe it to be spiritually healthy, rather than spiritually sick.
 TIT	1	10	xsq9			0	Connecting Statement:	Because of those that would oppose God’s word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God’s word and warns him about false teachers.
@@ -43,15 +43,15 @@ TIT	1	10	w9kk		ἀνυπότακτοι, ματαιολόγοι	1	rebellious, emp
 TIT	1	10	ga6n		φρεναπάται	1	deceivers	This phrase describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who persuade others to believe things that are not true”
 TIT	1	10	abcd	figs-hendiadys	ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται	1	empty talkers and deceivers	both **empty talkers** and **deceivers** refer to the same people. They taught false, worthless things and wanted people to believe them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
 TIT	1	10	pu74	figs-metonymy	οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς	1	those of the circumcision	This refers to the Jewish Christians who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. This teaching is false. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-TIT	1	11	f4iy		οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν	1	It is necessary to stop them	***You must prevent them from spreading their teachings*** or ***Someone must stop them from influencing others by their words***
-TIT	1	11	aqi5		ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν	1	They are upsetting whole households	**They are ruining entire families.** The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith. 
+TIT	1	11	f4iy		οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν	1	It is necessary to stop them	**_You must prevent them from spreading their teachings_** or **_Someone must stop them from influencing others by their words_**
+TIT	1	11	aqi5		ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν	1	They are upsetting whole households	**They are ruining entire families**. The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith. 
 TIT	1	11	tw4e		διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ	1	teaching what they should not	These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true.
 TIT	1	11	at7c		αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν	1	for the sake of shameful profit	This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable.
-TIT	1	12	tr1j		τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης	1	One of their own prophets	***A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet***
-TIT	1	12	y3zb	figs-hyperbole	Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται	1	Cretans are always liars	***Cretans lie all the time.*** This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+TIT	1	12	tr1j		τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης	1	One of their own prophets	**_A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet_**
+TIT	1	12	y3zb	figs-hyperbole	Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται	1	Cretans are always liars	**_Cretans lie all the time_**. This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 TIT	1	12	h3jb	figs-metaphor	κακὰ θηρία	1	evil beasts	This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	1	12	xyz1	figs-synecdoche	γαστέρες ἀργαί	1	lazy bellies	The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-TIT	1	13	fif8		δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως	1	For this reason, rebuke them severely	***For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them***
+TIT	1	13	fif8		δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως	1	For this reason, rebuke them severely	**_For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them_**
 TIT	1	13	abck	grammar-connect-logic-result	δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	For this reason	The connecting words **For this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his peope is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 TIT	1	13	je3r		ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	so that they may be sound in the faith	See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
 TIT	1	13	abcl	grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	so that	The connecting words **so that** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is the elder rebukes the Cretans severely, and the result is the Cretans become sound in the faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@@ -59,58 +59,58 @@ TIT	1	13	xyz2	figs-abstractnouns	 ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	in the faith	Here t
 TIT	1	14	abcm	grammar-connect-exceptions	μὴ	1	not	The connecting word **not** introduce an exception clause. Titus must not pay any attention to the Jewish myths or the commands of people who do not follow the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
 TIT	1	14	p28i		Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις	1	Jewish myths	This refers to the false teaching of the Jews.
 TIT	1	14	m4a5	figs-metaphor	ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν	1	turn away from the truth	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	1	15	qtb9		πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	To those who are pure, all things are pure	***If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure*** or ***When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God***
-TIT	1	15	nx42		τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	To those who are pure	***To those who are acceptable to God***
+TIT	1	15	qtb9		πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	To those who are pure, all things are pure	**_If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure_** or **_When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God_**
+TIT	1	15	nx42		τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	To those who are pure	**_To those who are acceptable to God_**
 TIT	1	15	abcn	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 TIT	1	15	n3wk	figs-metaphor	τοῖς…μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν	1	to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure	Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	1	16	abco	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	but	The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (they know God) and what their actions show (they do not know God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
-TIT	1	16	i3l2		τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται	1	they deny him by their actions	***how they live proves that they do not know him***
-TIT	1	16	ja47		βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες	1	They are detestable	***They are disgusting***
+TIT	1	16	i3l2		τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται	1	they deny him by their actions	**_how they live proves that they do not know him_**
+TIT	1	16	ja47		βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες	1	They are detestable	**_They are disgusting_**
 TIT	2	intro	h3il			0		# Titus 02 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gender roles<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br><br>### Slavery<br><br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.
 TIT	2	1	lfu1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
-TIT	2	1	tpi2	figs-explicit	σὺ δὲ λάλει ἃ πρέπει	1	But you, speak what fits	q
+TIT	2	1	tpi2	figs-explicit	σὺ δὲ λάλει ἃ πρέπει	1	But you, speak what fits	Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace” (See: UST: Personification)
 TIT	2	1	ph2j		τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	with sound teaching	See the note on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “ sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
 TIT	2	2	xyz3	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτας…εἶναι	1	Older men are to be	The Greek does not have **are**, but only **older men to be**. We need to supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of **speak** in the previous verse, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 TIT	2	2	xy13	figs-doublet	νηφαλίους…σεμνούς, σώφρονας	1	temperate, dignified, sensible	These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-TIT	2	2	xc6t		νηφαλίους	1	temperate	***sober-minded*** or ***self-controlled***
-TIT	2	2	y3j2		εἶναι…σώφρονας	1	to be…sensible	***to…control their desires***
-TIT	2	2	m14y	figs-abstractnouns	ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	sound in faith, in love, and in perseverance	Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. The abstract nouns **faith,** **love,** and **perseverance** can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and they must firmly believe the true teachings about God, truly love others, and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+TIT	2	2	xc6t		νηφαλίους	1	temperate	**_sober-minded_** or **_self-controlled_**
+TIT	2	2	y3j2		εἶναι…σώφρονας	1	to be…sensible	**_to…control their desires_**
+TIT	2	2	m14y	figs-abstractnouns	ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	sound in faith, in love, and in perseverance	Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. The abstract nouns **faith**, **love**, and **perseverance** can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and they must firmly believe the true teachings about God, truly love others, and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 TIT	2	2	abc1	figs-abstractnouns	ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	sound in faith	See note about **sound in faith** on [Titus 1:13](../01/13/je3r).
 TIT	2	2	abc2		ὑγιαίνοντας	1	sound	See note about **sound** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1).
 TIT	2	3	gl8e	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως	1	Older women likewise are to be	The Greek does not have **are to be**, but only **older women likewise**. We need to continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women” or “Also teach older women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 
 TIT	2	3	v9cp		διαβόλους	1	slanderers	This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
 TIT	2	3	g9re	figs-metaphor	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	or being slaves to much wine	People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “or controlled by their desire for wine” or “or addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	2	3	xyz4	figs-activepassive	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	or being slaves to much wine	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or drinking too much wine” or “or addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-TIT	2	3	abc4		καλοδιδασκάλους	1	but to be teachers of what is good	The Greek word used here means ***a teacher of what is good***. The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities.
-TIT	2	4	abc5		φιλάνδρους	1	lovers of their husbands	***lovers of their own husbands***
-TIT	2	4	abca		φιλοτέκνους	1	and lovers of their children	***lovers of their own children***
-TIT	2	5	abcb		ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν	1	and subject to their own husbands	***and to obey their own husbands***
-TIT	2	5	t5v6	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	**Word** here is a metonym for ***message***, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+TIT	2	3	abc4		καλοδιδασκάλους	1	but to be teachers of what is good	The Greek word used here means **_a teacher of what is good_**. The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities.
+TIT	2	4	abc5		φιλάνδρους	1	lovers of their husbands	**_lovers of their own husbands_**
+TIT	2	4	abca		φιλοτέκνους	1	and lovers of their children	**_lovers of their own children_**
+TIT	2	5	abcb		ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν	1	and subject to their own husbands	**_and to obey their own husbands_**
+TIT	2	5	t5v6	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	**Word** here is a metonym for **_message_**, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 TIT	2	6	i3hv		ὡσαύτως	1	In the same way	Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people.
-TIT	2	7	x73u		σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος	1	present yourself	***show yourself to be*** or ***you yourself must be***
-TIT	2	7	ym6x		τύπον καλῶν ἔργων	1	as an example of good works	***as an example of one who does right and proper things***
+TIT	2	7	x73u		σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος	1	present yourself	**_show yourself to be_** or **_you yourself must be_**
+TIT	2	7	ym6x		τύπον καλῶν ἔργων	1	as an example of good works	**_as an example of one who does right and proper things_**
 TIT	2	8	xy14	figs-doublet	ὑγιῆ	1	uncorrupted…sound	This word has the same basic meaning as **uncorrupted** in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: **uncorrupted**, meaning, **without error**, and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: **sound, whole**, meaning **correct**. Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning if it is difficult to use two terms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 TIT	2	8	xt6v	figs-hypo	ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ	1	so that the opponent may be ashamed	This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
 TIT	2	8	xy15	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
 TIT	2	9	xyz5	figs-ellipsis	δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Slaves are to be subject to their masters	The Greek does not have **are**, but only **slaves to be subject to their masters**. We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is **urge** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-TIT	2	9	ntp7		ἰδίοις δεσπόταις	1	their masters	***their own masters***
-TIT	2	9	abcc		ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	are to be subject	***must obey***
-TIT	2	9	if6v		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in everything	***in every situation*** or ***always***
-TIT	2	9	id15		εὐαρέστους εἶναι	1	to be pleasing	***to please their masters*** or ***to satisfy their masters***
-TIT	2	10	abc6		μὴ νοσφιζομένους	1	not to steal	***not to steal from their masters***
-TIT	2	10	t87j		πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν	1	to demonstrate all good faith	***to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust***
-TIT	2	10	h2n6		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in every way	***in everything they do***
-TIT	2	10	f8jy		τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν	1	they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior	***they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive*** or ***they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good***
-TIT	2	10	pn93		τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	God our Savior	***our God who saves us***
-TIT	2	10	xy16	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	***our*** here is inclusive of Paul, Titus, and all Christians (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+TIT	2	9	ntp7		ἰδίοις δεσπόταις	1	their masters	**_their own masters_**
+TIT	2	9	abcc		ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	are to be subject	**_must obey_**
+TIT	2	9	if6v		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in everything	**_in every situation_** or **_always_**
+TIT	2	9	id15		εὐαρέστους εἶναι	1	to be pleasing	**_to please their masters_** or **_to satisfy their masters_**
+TIT	2	10	abc6		μὴ νοσφιζομένους	1	not to steal	**_not to steal from their masters_**
+TIT	2	10	t87j		πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν	1	to demonstrate all good faith	**_to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust_**
+TIT	2	10	h2n6		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in every way	**_in everything they do_**
+TIT	2	10	f8jy		τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν	1	they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior	**_they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive_** or **_they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good_**
+TIT	2	10	pn93		τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	God our Savior	**_our God who saves us_***
+TIT	2	10	xy16	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	**our** here is inclusive of Paul, Titus, and all Christians (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
 TIT	2	11	y44u			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus’ coming and remember his authority through Jesus.
 TIT	2	11	gp2z	figs-personification	ἐπεφάνη…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the grace of God has appeared	Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace”  (See: UST, [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 TIT	2	12	qy8k	figs-personification	παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς	1	training us	Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 TIT	2	12	abce	figs-inclusive	 ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
-TIT	2	12	lxb3		τὴν ἀσέβειαν	1	godlessness	***things that dishonor God***
-TIT	2	12	n3k5		τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	worldly passions	***strong desires for the things of this world*** or ***strong desires for sinful pleasures***
+TIT	2	12	lxb3		τὴν ἀσέβειαν	1	godlessness	**_things that dishonor God_**
+TIT	2	12	n3k5		τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	worldly passions	**_strong desires for the things of this world_** or **_strong desires for sinful pleasures_**
 TIT	2	12	xy19		ἀσέβειαν…εὐσεβῶς	1	godlessness…godly way 	These terms are direct opposites, meaning **God-dishonoring** and **God-honoring**, respectively.
-TIT	2	12	fk8j		ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι	1	in the present age	***while we live in this world*** or ***during this time***
+TIT	2	12	fk8j		ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι	1	in the present age	**_while we live in this world_** or **_during this time_**
 TIT	2	13	rz93		προσδεχόμενοι	1	looking forward to receiving	***waiting to welcome***
 TIT	2	13	xyz6	figs-metonymy	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα	1	the blessed hope	Here, what is **blessed** is that for which we hope, which is the return of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the wonderful thing for which we hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 TIT	2	13	pss7	figs-metonymy	καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Here **glory** represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: “that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -120,77 +120,77 @@ TIT	2	14	niu4	figs-explicit	ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν	1
 TIT	2	14	xy20	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
 TIT	2	14	gxe7	figs-metaphor	λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας	1	to redeem us from all lawlessness	Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	2	14	xy21	figs-inclusive	 ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
-TIT	2	14	fjy1		λαὸν περιούσιον	1	a special people	***a group of people that he treasures***
-TIT	2	14	ii18		ζηλωτὴν	1	zealous for	***who are eager to do***
-TIT	2	15	abc7		παρακάλει	1	exhort	***encourage them to do these things***
+TIT	2	14	fjy1		λαὸν περιούσιον	1	a special people	**_a group of people that he treasures_**
+TIT	2	14	ii18		ζηλωτὴν	1	zealous for	**_who are eager to do_**
+TIT	2	15	abc7		παρακάλει	1	exhort	**_encourage them to do these things_**
 TIT	2	15	b94z	figs-explicit	ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς	1	rebuke with all authority	This statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-TIT	2	15	h15y		μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	***Do not allow anyone to ignore you***
-TIT	2	15	xy22	figs-doublenegatives	μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	This can be stated positively: ***Make sure that everyone listens to you*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
+TIT	2	15	h15y		μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	**_Do not allow anyone to ignore you_**
+TIT	2	15	xy22	figs-doublenegatives	μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	This can be stated positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 TIT	2	15	jbu1	figs-explicit	σου περιφρονείτω	1	disregard you	This statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “refuse to listen to your words” or “refuse to respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 TIT	3	intro	zh6x			0		# Titus 03 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.<br><br>Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Genealogies<br><br>Genealogies (verse 9) are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants, and show from what tribe and family a person came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Some of these lists included stories of ancestors and even of spiritual beings. These lists and stories were used to argue about where things came from and about how important various people were.
 TIT	3	1	y9tr			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
-TIT	3	1	j2sa		ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς…ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Remind them to submit	***Tell our people again what they already know, to submit*** or ***Keep reminding them to submit***
-TIT	3	1	w3fy		ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them	***do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them***
+TIT	3	1	j2sa		ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς…ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Remind them to submit	**_Tell our people again what they already know, to submit_** or **_Keep reminding them to submit_**
+TIT	3	1	w3fy		ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them	**_Do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them_**
 TIT	3	1	wa9x	figs-doublet	ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις	1	rulers and authorities	These words have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 TIT	3	1	xy25	figs-doublet	ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit…to obey	These words have similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-TIT	3	1	in7u		πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι	1	be ready for every good work	***be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity***
-TIT	3	2	lug7		βλασφημεῖν	1	to revile	***to speak evil of***
+TIT	3	1	in7u		πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι	1	be ready for every good work	**_be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity_**
+TIT	3	2	lug7		βλασφημεῖν	1	to revile	**_to speak evil of_**
 TIT	3	2	abc8	figs-doublenegatives	ἀμάχους εἶναι	1	to avoid quarreling	This can be stated positively: “to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-TIT	3	3	m9zd		ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	For once we also	***This is because we ourselves were once***
-TIT	3	3	me7b		ποτε	1	once	***formerly*** or ***at some time*** or ***previously***
-TIT	3	3	bl8e	figs-inclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	***even we*** or ***we ourselves*** This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
-TIT	3	3	rrx9		ἦμεν…ἀνόητοι	1	were foolish	***were thoughtless*** or ***were unwise***
+TIT	3	3	m9zd		ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	For once we also	**_This is because we ourselves were once_**
+TIT	3	3	me7b		ποτε	1	once	**_formerly_** or **_at some time_** or **_previously_**
+TIT	3	3	bl8e	figs-inclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	**_even we_** or **_we ourselves_** This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+TIT	3	3	rrx9		ἦμεν…ἀνόητοι	1	were foolish	**_were thoughtless_** or **_were unwise_**
 TIT	3	3	qt8f	figs-personification	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 TIT	3	3	xy27	figs-activepassive	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-TIT	3	3	tl5n		ἐπιθυμίαις	1	passions	***lusts*** or ***desires***
+TIT	3	3	tl5n		ἐπιθυμίαις	1	passions	**_lusts_** or **_desires_**
 TIT	3	3	dec4	figs-hendiadys	ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες	1	We lived in evil and envy	Here **evil** and **envy** describe sin. **Evil** is general and **envy** is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
-TIT	3	3	y5lp		στυγητοί	1	detestable	***causing others to hate us***
+TIT	3	3	y5lp		στυγητοί	1	detestable	**_causing others to hate us_**
 TIT	3	4	xy28	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ 	1	But	It is important to mark the contrast here between the evil way that people are (verses 1-3) and the goodness of God (verses 4-7) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 TIT	3	4	ba5a	figs-personification	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. Alternate translation: “When God our Savior showed us his kindness and love for people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 TIT	3	4	abcg	figs-abstractnouns	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	The abstract nouns **kindness** and **love** can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 TIT	3	4	abch	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
-TIT	3	5	n4ug		κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος	1	by his mercy	***because he had mercy on us***
+TIT	3	5	n4ug		κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος	1	by his mercy	**_because he had mercy on us_**
 TIT	3	5	k1a6	figs-metaphor	λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας	1	the washing of new birth	Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	3	6	fby9	figs-metaphor	οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως	1	whom God richly poured on us	It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	3	6	xy24	figs-inclusive	 ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
-TIT	3	6	q9ze		διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	through our Savior Jesus Christ	***when Jesus Christ saved us***
+TIT	3	6	q9ze		διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	through our Savior Jesus Christ	**_when Jesus Christ saved us_**
 TIT	3	6	xy23	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
 TIT	3	7	di3g	figs-activepassive	δικαιωθέντες	1	having been justified	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	3	7	q1cm	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	we might become heirs according to the certain hope of eternal life	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God hs promised us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	3	8	j8md		ὁ λόγος	1	This message	This message is the one just expressed in verses 4-7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus.
 TIT	3	8	xy29		τούτων	1	these things	This refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1-7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
-TIT	3	8	kqm6		φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι	1	may be careful to engage themselves in good works	***may seek to do good works***
+TIT	3	8	kqm6		φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι	1	may be careful to engage themselves in good works	**_may seek to do good works_**
 TIT	3	9	tzh9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
-TIT	3	9	j1hf		δὲ…περιΐστασο	1	But avoid	***So avoid*** or ***Therefore, avoid***
-TIT	3	9	xnf9		μωρὰς…ζητήσεις	1	foolish debates	***arguments concerning unimportant matters***
+TIT	3	9	j1hf		δὲ…περιΐστασο	1	But avoid	**_So avoid_** or **_Therefore, avoid)**
+TIT	3	9	xnf9		μωρὰς…ζητήσεις	1	foolish debates	**_arguments concerning unimportant matters_**
 TIT	3	9	qk66		γενεαλογίας	1	genealogies	This is the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus.
 TIT	3	9	xu7f		ἔρεις	1	strife	arguments or fights
-TIT	3	9	ky3n		νομικὰς	1	about the law	***about the law of Moses***
-TIT	3	10	x3fh		αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον…παραιτοῦ	1	Reject a divisive person	***Stay away from a person who causes division***
-TIT	3	10	xzx1		μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν	1	after one or two warnings	***after you have warned that person once or twice***
-TIT	3	11	r7pc		ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	such a person	***a person like that***
+TIT	3	9	ky3n		νομικὰς	1	about the law	**_about the law of Moses_**
+TIT	3	10	x3fh		αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον…παραιτοῦ	1	Reject a divisive person	**_Stay away from a person who causes division_**
+TIT	3	10	xzx1		μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν	1	after one or two warnings	**_after you have warned that person once or twice_**
+TIT	3	11	r7pc		ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	such a person	**_a person like that_**
 TIT	3	11	inh5	figs-metaphor	ἐξέστραπται	1	has turned from the right way	Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the right path to walk in the wrong direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	3	11	p81k		ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος	1	being self-condemned	***bringing judgment on himself***
+TIT	3	11	p81k		ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος	1	being self-condemned	**_bringing judgment on himself_**
 TIT	3	12	z7i4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.
-TIT	3	12	mba6		ὅταν πέμψω	1	When I send	***After I send***
+TIT	3	12	mba6		ὅταν πέμψω	1	When I send	**_After I send_**
 TIT	3	12	c32w	translate-names	Ἀρτεμᾶν…Τυχικόν	1	Artemas…Tychicus	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-TIT	3	12	knt1		σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν	1	hurry to come	***come quickly***
+TIT	3	12	knt1		σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν	1	hurry to come	**_come quickly_**
 TIT	3	12	xy30		σπούδασον	1	hurry	The verb is singular, directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
-TIT	3	12	gdw9		παραχειμάσαι	1	to spend the winter	***to stay for the winter***
+TIT	3	12	gdw9		παραχειμάσαι	1	to spend the winter	**_to stay for the winter_**
 TIT	3	13	a46f	translate-names	Ζηνᾶν…Ἀπολλῶν	1	Zenas…Appollos	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-TIT	3	13	s757		καὶ Ἀπολλῶν	1	and Apollos	***and also Apollos***
-TIT	3	13	j496		σπουδαίως πρόπεμψο	1	Diligently send on their way 	***Do not delay in sending***
+TIT	3	13	s757		καὶ Ἀπολλῶν	1	and Apollos	**_and also Apollos_**
+TIT	3	13	j496		σπουδαίως πρόπεμψο	1	Diligently send on their way 	**_Do not delay in sending_**
 TIT	3	13	xy31	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ	1	so that they lack nothing	This can be stated positively: “so that they have everything that they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 TIT	3	14	v7wg			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains that it is important for all believers to provide for those who have needs.
 TIT	3	14	fw98		οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
 TIT	3	14	xy33	figs-inclusive	οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	The **our** includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive. 
-TIT	3	14	tn24		εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας	1	toward essential needs	***that enable them to help people who lack necessary things***
+TIT	3	14	tn24		εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας	1	toward essential needs	**_that enable them to help people who lack necessary things_**
 TIT	3	14	mji4	figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	in order not to be unfruitful	Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	3	14	xy32	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	in order not to be unfruitful	This can be stated positively: “in this way they will be fruitful” or “in this way they will be productive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 TIT	3	15	j3y2			0	General Information:	Paul ends his letter to Titus.
-TIT	3	15	abci		ἀσπάζονταί σε	1	greet you	**you** here is singular – this is a personal greeting to Titus.
-TIT	3	15	k1sa		οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες	1	All those who are with me	***All the people who are with me*** or ***all of the believers who are here with me***
-TIT	3	15	f4vc		τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει	1	those who love us in faith	Possible meanings are 1) ***the believers who love us*** or 2) ***the believers who love us because we share the same belief.***
-TIT	3	15	xy35	figs-inclusive	ἡμᾶς 	1	us	**us** here is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete.
+TIT	3	15	abci		ἀσπάζονταί σε	1	greet you	**you** here is singular–this is a personal greeting to Titus.
+TIT	3	15	k1sa		οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες	1	All those who are with me	**_All the people who are with me_** or **_all of the believers who are here with me_**
+TIT	3	15	f4vc		τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει	1	those who love us in faith	Possible meanings are 1) **_the believers who love us_** or 2) **_the believers who love us because we share the same belief_**.
+TIT	3	15	xy35	figs-inclusive	ἡμᾶς 	1	us	Here **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete.
 TIT	3	15	kx83		ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν	1	Grace be with all of you	This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
-TIT	3	15	xy34		ὑμῶν	1	you	**you** here is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete.
+TIT	3	15	xy34		ὑμῶν	1	you	Here **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete.

en_tn_65-3JN.tsv

@@ -1,46 +1,45 @@
 Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
-3JN	front	intro	kwv9			0		# Introduction to 3 John<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 3 John<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1)<br>1. Encouragement and instructions to show hospitality (1:2-8)<br>1. Diotrephes and Demetrius (1:9-12)<br>1. Conclusion (1:13-14)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 3 John?<br><br>The letter does not give the name of the author. The author only identified himself as “the elder” (1:1). The letter was probably written by the Apostle John near the end of his life.<br><br>### What is the Book of 3 John about?<br><br>John wrote this letter to a believer named Gaius. He instructed Gaius to be hospitable to fellow believers who were traveling through his area.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “3 John” or “Third John.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Third Letter from John” or “The Third Letter John Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is hospitality?<br><br>Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards foreigners or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. In 2 John, John discouraged Christians from showing hospitality to false teachers. In 3 John, John encouraged Christians to show hospitality to faithful teachers.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How does the author use family relationships in his letter?<br><br>The author used the terms “brother” and “children” in a way that can be confusing. The scriptures often used the term “brothers” to refer to Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to Christians. Also, John called some believers his “children.” These are believers he taught to obey Christ.<br><br>John also used the term “Gentile” in a way that could be confusing. The scriptures often used the term “Gentile” to refer to people who are not Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to those who did not believe in Jesus.<br>
-3JN	1	1	rni7	figs-you		0	General Information:	This is a personal letter from John to Gaius. All instances of “you” and “your” refer to Gaius and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-3JN	1	1	w99t	figs-explicit	ὁ πρεσβύτερος	1	The elder	This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as “elder” either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: “I, John the elder, am writing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+3JN	front	intro	kwv9			0		# Introduction to 3 John<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 3 John<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1)<br>1. Encouragement and instructions to show hospitality (1:2-8)<br>1. Diotrephes and Demetrius (1:9-12)<br>1. Conclusion (1:13-14)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 3 John?<br><br>The letter does not give the name of the author. The author only identified himself as **The elder** (1:1). The letter was probably written by the Apostle John near the end of his life.<br><br>### What is the Book of 3 John about?<br><br>John wrote this letter to a believer named Gaius. He instructed Gaius to be hospitable to fellow believers who were traveling through his area.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, **_3 John_** or **_Third John_**. Or they may choose a clearer title, such as **_The Third Letter from John_** or **_The Third Letter John Wrote_**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is hospitality?<br><br>Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards foreigners or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. In 2 John, John discouraged Christians from showing hospitality to false teachers. In 3 John, John encouraged Christians to show hospitality to faithful teachers.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How does the author use family relationships in his letter?<br><br>The author used the terms **brother** and **children** in a way that can be confusing. The scriptures often used the term **brothers** to refer to Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to Christians. Also, John called some believers his **children**. These are believers he taught to obey Christ.<br><br>John also used the term **Gentile** in a way that could be confusing. The scriptures often used the term **Gentile** to refer to people who are not Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to those who did not believe in Jesus.<br>
+3JN	1	1	rni7	figs-you		0	General Information:	This is a personal letter from John to Gaius. All instances of **you** and **your** refer to Gaius and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+3JN	1	1	w99t	figs-explicit	ὁ πρεσβύτερος	1	The elder	This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as **elder** either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: “I, John the elder, am writing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 3JN	1	1	lls6	translate-names	Γαΐῳ	1	Gaius	This is a fellow believer to whom John is writing this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-3JN	1	1	mp9w		ὃν ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ	1	whom I love in truth	“whom I truly love”
-3JN	1	2	v6dv		περὶ πάντων…σε εὐοδοῦσθαι καὶ ὑγιαίνειν	1	all may go well with you and that you may be healthy	“you may do well in all things and be healthy”
-3JN	1	2	i269		καθὼς εὐοδοῦταί σου ἡ ψυχή	1	just as it is well with your soul	“just as you are doing well spiritually”
-3JN	1	3	b4zh		ἐρχομένων ἀδελφῶν	1	brothers came	“fellow believers came.” These people were probably all male.
-3JN	1	3	y7q3	figs-metaphor	σὺ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ περιπατεῖς	1	you walk in truth	Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “you are living your life according to God’s truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+3JN	1	1	mp9w		ὃν ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ	1	whom I love in truth	**_whom I truly love_**
+3JN	1	2	v6dv		περὶ πάντων…σε εὐοδοῦσθαι καὶ ὑγιαίνειν	1	everything for you to be well and to be healthy	**_you may do well in all things and be healthy_**
+3JN	1	2	i269		καθὼς εὐοδοῦταί σου ἡ ψυχή	1	just as your soul prospers	**_just as you are doing well spiritually_**
+3JN	1	3	b4zh		ἐρχομένων ἀδελφῶν	1	brothers came	**_fellow believers came_**. These people were probably all male.
+3JN	1	3	y7q3	figs-metaphor	σὺ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ περιπατεῖς	1	you are walking in truth	Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “you are living your life according to God’s truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 3JN	1	4	w79m	figs-metaphor	τὰ ἐμὰ τέκνα	1	my children	John speaks of those he taught to believe in Jesus as though they were his children. This emphasizes his love and concern for them. It could also be that he himself led them to the Lord. Alternate translation: “my spiritual children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-3JN	1	5	jtc6	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to John and those with him, and possibly includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
 3JN	1	5	vl13			0	Connecting Statement:	John’s purpose in writing this letter is to compliment Gaius in the way he took care of traveling Bible teachers; then he talks about two people, one evil and one good.
-3JN	1	5	tmh1		ἀγαπητέ	1	Beloved	Here this is used as a term of endearment for fellow believers.
-3JN	1	5	gs6x		πιστὸν ποιεῖς	1	you practice faithfulness	“you are doing what is faithful to God” or “you are being loyal to God”
-3JN	1	5	g4gz		ὃ, ἐὰν ἐργάσῃ εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ τοῦτο ξένους	1	work for the brothers and for strangers	“help fellow believers and those you do not know”
-3JN	1	6	wzf6		οἳ ἐμαρτύρησάν σου τῇ ἀγάπῃ ἐνώπιον ἐκκλησίας	1	who have borne witness of your love in the presence of the church	These words describe the “strangers” (verse 5). “strangers who have told the believers in the church about how you have loved them”
-3JN	1	6	pb64		καλῶς ποιήσεις, προπέμψας	1	You do well to send them	John is thanking Gaius for his normal practice of helping these believers.
-3JN	1	7	d8y1	figs-metonymy	γὰρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐξῆλθον	1	because it was for the sake of the name that they went out	Here “the name” refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-3JN	1	7	yzc8		μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες	1	taking nothing	receiving no gifts or help
-3JN	1	7	hk3p		τῶν ἐθνικῶν	1	the Gentiles	Here “Gentiles” does not just mean people who are not Jewish. It implies people who do not trust in Jesus.
-3JN	1	8	d2l7		ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ	1	so that we will be fellow workers for the truth	“so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people”
-3JN	1	9	dp1v	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The word “us” refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-3JN	1	9	tm9q		τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	congregation	This refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God.
+3JN	1	5	tmh1		ἀγαπητέ	1	Beloved	Here **Beloved** is used as a term of endearment for Gaius as a fellow believer.
+3JN	1	5	gs6x		πιστὸν ποιεῖς	1	you are doing a faithful thing 	**_you are doing what is faithful to God_** or **_you are being loyal to God_**
+3JN	1	5	g4gz		ὃ, ἐὰν ἐργάσῃ εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ τοῦτο ξένους	1	whenever you work for the brothers, and this for strangers	**_help fellow believers and those you do not know_**
+3JN	1	6	wzf6		οἳ ἐμαρτύρησάν σου τῇ ἀγάπῃ ἐνώπιον ἐκκλησίας	1	who have borne witness of your love in the presence of the church	These words describe the **strangers** (verse 5). **_strangers who have told the believers in the church about how you have loved them_**
+3JN	1	6	pb64		καλῶς ποιήσεις, προπέμψας	1	You do well to send them on their journey	John is thanking Gaius for his normal practice of helping these believers.
+3JN	1	7	d8y1	figs-metonymy	γὰρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐξῆλθον	1	because they went out for the sake of the name	Here **the name** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+3JN	1	7	yzc8		μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες	1	receiving nothing	receiving no gifts or help
+3JN	1	7	hk3p		τῶν ἐθνικῶν	1	the Gentiles	Here **Gentiles** does not just mean people who are not Jewish. It implies people who do not trust in Jesus.
+3JN	1	8	d2l7		ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ	1	so that we become fellow workers for the truth	**_so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people_**
+3JN	1	9	dp1v	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	The word **us** refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+3JN	1	9	tm9q		τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	the church	This refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God.
 3JN	1	9	cz9d	translate-names	Διοτρέφης	1	Diotrephes	He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-3JN	1	9	s82w		ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν	1	who loves to be first among them	“who loves to be the most important one among them” or “who loves to act as though he’s their leader”
-3JN	1	10	f6qj		λόγοις πονηροῖς φλυαρῶν ἡμᾶς	1	talking wicked nonsense against us	“and how he says evil things about us that certainly are not true”
-3JN	1	10	wi6a		αὐτὸς ἐπιδέχεται τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	refused to welcome the brothers	“did not welcome the fellow believers”
-3JN	1	10	it7p		τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει	1	stops those who want to welcome them	“stops those who want to welcome the believers”
-3JN	1	10	g98b		ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκβάλλει	1	puts them out of the church	“he forces them to leave the congregation”
-3JN	1	11	a16a	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here “we” refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-3JN	1	11	a3z8		ἀγαπητέ	1	Beloved	Here this is used as a term of endearment for fellow believers. See how you translated this in [3 John 1:5](../01/05.md).
-3JN	1	11	pv24		μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν	1	do not imitate what is evil	“do not copy the evil things that people do”
+3JN	1	9	s82w		ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν	1	who loves to be first among them	**_who loves to be the most important one among them_** or **_who loves to act as though he’s their leader_**
+3JN	1	10	f6qj		λόγοις πονηροῖς φλυαρῶν ἡμᾶς	1	accusing us with evil words	**_and how he says evil things about us that certainly are not true_**
+3JN	1	10	wi6a		αὐτὸς ἐπιδέχεται τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	he does not receive the brothers	**_did not welcome the fellow believers_**
+3JN	1	10	it7p		τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει	1	stops those who are willing	**_stops those who want to welcome the believers_**
+3JN	1	10	g98b		ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκβάλλει	1	puts them out of the church	**_he forces them to leave the congregation_**
+3JN	1	11	a3z8		ἀγαπητέ	1	Beloved	Here **Beloved** is used as a term of endearment for Gaius as a fellow believer. See how you translated this in [3 John 1:5](../01/05.md).
+3JN	1	11	pv24		μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν	1	do not imitate what is evil	**_do not copy the evil things that people do_**
 3JN	1	11	sz2h	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν	1	but what is good	There are words left out but they are understood. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-3JN	1	11	cm8t		ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν	1	is of God	“belongs to God”
-3JN	1	11	zan2		οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν	1	has not seen God	“does not belong to God” or “does not believe in God”
+3JN	1	11	cm8t		ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν	1	is from God	**_comes from God_**
+3JN	1	11	zan2		οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν	1	has not seen God	**_does not belong to God_** or **_does not believe in God_**
 3JN	1	12	pl7i	figs-activepassive	Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων	1	Demetrius is borne witness to by all	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 3JN	1	12	m22h	translate-names	Δημητρίῳ	1	Demetrius	This is probably a man whom John wants Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-3JN	1	12	rad4	figs-personification	ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας	1	by the truth itself	“the truth itself speaks well of him.” Here “truth” is described as a person speaking. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows he is a good person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
-3JN	1	12	s712	figs-ellipsis	καὶ ἡμεῖς…μαρτυροῦμεν	1	We also bear witness	What John is confirming is implied and can be made specific here. Alternate translation: “We also speak well of Demetrius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+3JN	1	12	rad4	figs-personification	ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας	1	by the truth itself	**_the truth itself speaks well of him_**. Here **truth** is described as a person speaking. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows he is a good person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+3JN	1	12	s712	figs-ellipsis	καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν	1	And we also bear witness	What John is confirming is implied and can be made specific here. Alternate translation: “And we also speak well of Demetrius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+3JN	1	12	a16a	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	Here **we** refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 3JN	1	13	v27c			0	General Information:	This is the end of John’s letter to Gaius. He gives some final remarks and closes with a greeting.
-3JN	1	13	am6k		οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν	1	I do not wish to write them to you with pen and ink	John does not wish to write these other things at all. He is not saying that he would write them with something other than pen and ink.
-3JN	1	14	r8i4	figs-idiom	στόμα πρὸς στόμα	1	face to face	“Face to face” here is an idiom, meaning “in person.” Alternate translation: “in person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-3JN	1	15	v8yj		εἰρήνη σοι	1	May peace be with you	“May God give you peace”
-3JN	1	15	mhs1		ἀσπάζονταί σε οἱ φίλοι	1	The friends greet you	“The friends here greet you”
-3JN	1	15	lq8r		ἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους κατ’ ὄνομα	1	Greet our friends there by name	“Greet each of the believers there for me”
+3JN	1	13	am6k		οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν	1	I do not wish to write them to you with ink and pen	John does not wish to write these other things at all. He is not saying that he would write them with something other than pen and ink.
+3JN	1	14	r8i4	figs-idiom	στόμα πρὸς στόμα	1	mouth to mouth	Here **mouth to mouth** is an idiom, meaning ***_in person_**. Alternate translation: “in person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+3JN	1	15	v8yj		εἰρήνη σοι	1	Peace to you	**_May God give you peace_**
+3JN	1	15	mhs1		ἀσπάζονταί σε οἱ φίλοι	1	The friends greet you	**_The friends here greet you_**
+3JN	1	15	lq8r		ἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους κατ’ ὄνομα	1	Greet the friends by name	**_Greet each of the believers there for me_**