From e1bdffa94757a9968e964b6d85c48b55cc0bf10c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee Date: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 16:03:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Correct multi-SupportRef notes in Leviticus (#2448) Co-authored-by: lrsallee Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2448 --- en_tn_03-LEV.tsv | 195 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 113 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv b/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv index f03764ebd0..549408efae 100644 --- a/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv +++ b/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv @@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo LEV front intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus
## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of Leviticus

1. Instructions to the Israelites about offerings (1:1–6:7)
* Burnt offerings (1:1–17)
* Grain offerings (2:1–16)
* Fellowship offerings (3:1–17)
* Offerings for unintentional sins (4:1-5:13)
* Guilt offerings (5:14–6:7)
1. Instructions to the priests about offerings (6:8–7:10)
* Burnt offerings (6:8-13)
* Grain offerings (6:14-23)
* Sin offerings (6:24-30)
* Guilt offerings (7:1-10)
1. Further instructions to the Israelites (7:11–7:38)
* Peace offerings (7:11–21)
* Eating fat and blood forbidden (7:22-27)
* The share for the priests (7:28–7:38)
1. Setting apart the priests (8:1–10:20)
* Aaron and his sons ordained (8:1–36)
* Aaron as high priest (9:1–24)
* Nadab and Abihu punished (10:1–20)
1. Laws about clean and unclean things (11:1–15:33)
* Clean and unclean food (11:1–47)
* Women purified after giving birth to a child (12:1–8)
* Skin, clothing, houses (13:1–14:47)
* Bodily fluids (15:1–33)
1. Day of Atonement; the place of the offering; the nature of blood (16:1–17:16)
1. Setting apart for worship and service; being disqualified from service (18:1–24:23)
1. The years of rest and release (25:1–55)
1. Blessing for obeying and curses for not obeying (26:1–46)
1. Gifts to God (27:1–34)

### What is the book of Leviticus about?

In the Book of Leviticus, God continues to give laws through Moses to the people of Israel. The people were to obey all of these laws to honor their covenant with God.

### How should the title of this book be translated?

“Leviticus” means “about the Levites.” The Levites were the tribe of Israel that provided priests and other workers in the tabernacle. If the people in the project language do not understand the term “Levites,” you can call it “The Book about the Priests” or “The Book about the Tabernacle Workers.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

### Who wrote the book of Leviticus?

The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Leviticus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

### What is the meaning of “holy” and “holiness” in the book of Leviticus?

These terms concern separating someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use. God separated these people or things so they would belong only to him. The people were to consider the places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way as separate. The people could not use them for anything else. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone.

Anyone or anything that was acceptable to God or “holy” was spoken of as if they were physically clean.

In the same way, anyone or anything that was not acceptable to God or not holy was spoken of if they were physically unclean.

Some people and some things could be made clean or “cleansed,” that is, acceptable to God. People or things were made clean if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. For example, some foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh could be made clean. However, other people and things could never be made acceptable to him.

It is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for thirty-three days. Then the proper animal sacrifice would be offered for her. The flow of blood made the woman unclean ([Leviticus 12:7](../../lev/12/07.md)). But Leviticus never suggests that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, God did not allow Israelites to eat many kinds of animals, as one way of setting his people apart.

Because God does not sin, the terms “holy” and “holiness” often suggest this same idea. Something belonging to God is holy. Because people must respect God, they must respect the things that belong to him.

### What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?

On seventeen occasions, the phrase “The Lord said to Moses” (and sometimes Aaron) is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently spoke to others. The verb “speak” is used thirty-eight times.

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?

Leviticus shows that God is holy. That means God is very different from humanity and the rest of the created world. God does not sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being “cleansed.” The many kinds of sacrifices were meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people had to continue making animal sacrifices so that they would continue to be acceptable to God. This was a sign that pointed to a need for a better sacrifice. They needed a sacrifice that would cause them to be acceptable to God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

### Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?

Priests were individuals who went to God on behalf of the people. God authorized the priests to bring the Israelite’s sacrifices to himself.

### How did the Israelite’s rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from the other nations at that time?

It was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols. But, the other nations did other things to worship their false gods. For instance, people would sleep with prostitutes at the temple of their gods. They did this to try to persuade their gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Also, people of other nations would sometimes offer human sacrifices to their gods. The God of Israel did not allow his people to do these kinds of things.

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?

Oil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something so God could accept them. Blood was also used to cleanse and purify people and things. This is because blood represented life that needed to be shed in order for God to forgive people for sinning.

### Why do many sections begin with the phrase “Yahweh said to Moses?”

This phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as “God told Moses.” LEV 1 intro ecv8 0 # Leviticus 1 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

In Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word “and” indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). The first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Atonement
In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) LEV 1 1 j8us 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. -LEV 1 2 yiq7 0 When any man from among you Alternate translation: “When any one of you” or “When any of you” -LEV 1 2 s38f figs-quotesinquotes 0 ‘When any man Here Yahweh begins speaking to Moses. The words that begin “from the tent of meeting, saying,” can be translated without the quotation within the quotation. “from the tent of meeting and told Moses to say this to the people of Israel: ‘When any man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +LEV 1 2 yiq7 אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־ יַקְרִ֥יב מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם 1 When any man from among you Alternate translation: “When any one of you offers” or “When any of you offers” LEV 1 3 aps3 figs-123person 0 If his offering … he must offer Here “his” and “he” refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh. It can be translated in the second person as it is in [Leviticus 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “If your offering … you must offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LEV 1 3 wp8j figs-activepassive 0 so that it may be accepted before Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 1 4 n7j5 translate-symaction 0 lay his hand on the head This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh, so that God will forgive the person’s sins when they kill the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ LEV 1 12 kx1v 0 pieces … head … fat … on the wood that is on the fire th LEV 1 13 ekd2 0 inner parts … legs he must wash with water … burnt offering … sweet aroma … made … by fire See how you translated many of these words in [Leviticus 1:9](./09.md). LEV 1 13 qjv6 0 Then the priest will offer the whole, and burn it on the altar Alternate translation: “Then the priest will burn everything on the altar” LEV 1 13 zf3d figs-metaphor 0 it will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 1 13 tij4 figs-activepassive 0 it will be an offering made to him by fire Yahweh tells Moses that the priests must burn their offerings with fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be a burnt offering to me” or “it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +LEV 1 13 tij4 figs-activepassive אִשֵּׁ֛ה 1 it will be an offering made to him by fire Yahweh tells Moses that the priests must burn their offerings with fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be a burnt offering to me” or “it will be a burnt offering to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 1 14 ruu4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. LEV 1 15 hs4d 0 wring off its head Alternate translation: “twist off its head” LEV 1 15 sur7 figs-activepassive 0 Then its blood must be drained out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest must drain its blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ LEV 4 2 zhp4 figs-quotesinquotes 0 “Tell the people of Israel, ‘When anyone LEV 4 2 qh8x figs-activepassive 0 that Yahweh has commanded not to be done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has commanded the people not to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 2 j3zb figs-activepassive 0 if he does something that is prohibited If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if he does something that Yahweh does not allow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 2 t1fp figs-activepassive 0 the following must be done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must do the following” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 4 3 g1z4 figs-abstractnouns 0 so as to bring guilt on the people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **guilt**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 4 3 g1z4 figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠אַשְׁמַ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 so as to bring guilt on the people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **guilt**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 4 4 z2iu 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. LEV 4 4 xx9l 0 He must bring the bull Alternate translation: “The high priest must bring the bull” LEV 4 4 zy1f translate-symaction 0 lay his hand on its head This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ LEV 4 18 xn3f 0 horns of the altar This refers to the corners of the altar. Th LEV 4 18 ni6l 0 he will pour out all the blood Alternate translation: “he will pour out the rest of the blood” LEV 4 19 t3pe 0 all the fat from it and burn it Alternate translation: “all the fat from the bull and burn the fat” LEV 4 20 k2wc 0 he must do Alternate translation: “the priest must do” -LEV 4 20 t3ph figs-abstractnouns 0 the priest will make atonement for the people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the priest will atone for the people’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 4 20 t3ph figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 the priest will make atonement for the people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the people’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 4 20 jd5j figs-activepassive 0 they will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 22 xg1v figs-activepassive 0 God has commanded not to be done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has commanded the people not to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 23 g4fd figs-activepassive 0 then his sin which he has committed is made known to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he realizes that he has sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ LEV 4 24 zee3 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yah LEV 4 25 wnl3 figs-explicit 0 The priest will take the blood It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 4 25 hd5k 0 horns of the altar This refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). LEV 4 26 el4n 0 He will burn Alternate translation: “The priest will burn” -LEV 4 26 h9gk figs-abstractnouns 0 The priest will make atonement for the ruler If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The priest will atone for the ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 4 26 h9gk figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 The priest will make atonement for the ruler If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 4 26 zhk2 figs-activepassive 0 the ruler will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the ruler’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 27 ppx5 figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh has commanded him not to be done All of the people of Israel were commanded not to sin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh commanded the people not to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 28 al2q figs-activepassive 0 his sin which he has committed is made known to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin he committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ LEV 4 31 hmu3 0 He will cut away Here “He” refers to the person offering t LEV 4 31 x3cz figs-activepassive 0 just as the fat is cut away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person cuts away the fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 31 y4ug 0 will burn it Alternate translation: “will burn the fat” LEV 4 31 e8ap figs-metaphor 0 to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 4 31 f423 figs-abstractnouns 0 The priest will make atonement for the man If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The priest will atone for the man’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 4 31 f423 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The priest will make atonement for the man If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the man’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 4 31 rty9 figs-activepassive 0 he will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the man’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 33 gp8z translate-symaction 0 lay his hand on the head This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LEV 4 33 n4w5 0 where they kill Alternate translation: “where the priests kill” @@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ LEV 4 35 z6xq 0 He will cut away Here “He” refers to the person offering t LEV 4 35 i2gb figs-activepassive 0 just as the fat of the lamb is cut away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person cuts away the fat of the lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 4 35 mpi3 0 the priest will burn it Alternate translation: “the priest will burn the fat” LEV 4 35 a4m3 figs-activepassive 0 offerings of Yahweh made by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “burnt offerings for Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 4 35 sy5y figs-abstractnouns 0 will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “will atone for the sin the person committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 4 35 sy5y figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־ חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ 1 will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the sin the person committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 4 35 m4ms figs-activepassive 0 the man will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the man’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 5 intro dfg1 0 # Leviticus 5 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Not testifying
If a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

### Sacrifices for the poor
This chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices. LEV 5 1 rx2n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. @@ -184,29 +183,29 @@ LEV 5 1 pp8d figs-activepassive 0 something about which he is required to testi LEV 5 2 ix6b figs-metaphor 0 God has designated as unclean Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 5 2 e821 0 the carcass Alternate translation: “the dead body” LEV 5 2 y6l7 figs-metaphor 0 he is unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 5 3 kp8s figs-abstractnouns 0 if he touches the uncleanness of someone, whatever that uncleanness is If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “if he touches anything that makes a person unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 5 3 kp8s figs-abstractnouns כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 if he touches the uncleanness of someone, whatever that uncleanness is If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “if he touches anything that makes a person unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 5 3 b9ah figs-metaphor 0 the uncleanness Something that Yahweh has declared unfit for a person to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 5 3 k7l9 0 he is unaware of it Alternate translation: “he does not realize it” or “he does not know about it” LEV 5 4 l73y figs-synecdoche 0 if anyone swears rashly with his lips Here “lips” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “if anyone swears rashly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LEV 5 4 g4f9 figs-explicit 0 if anyone swears rashly This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person swears the oath that he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 5 5 qdz8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -LEV 5 6 fj3k figs-abstractnouns 0 the priest will make atonement for him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 5 6 fj3k figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 the priest will make atonement for him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 5 7 ki52 0 If he cannot afford to buy a lamb Alternate translation: “If he does not have enough money to buy a lamb” LEV 5 8 bz85 0 he will wring off its head from its neck but will not remove it Alternate translation: “he will kill it by twisting its head and breaking its neck, but he will not remove the head” LEV 5 10 t4n3 figs-activepassive 0 as described in the instructions If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh has instructed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 5 10 sf4t figs-abstractnouns 0 the priest will make atonement for him for the sin that he has committed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the priest will atone for the sin that the person committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 5 10 sf4t figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 the priest will make atonement for him for the sin that he has committed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 5 10 v199 figs-activepassive 0 the person will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 5 11 cq1l translate-bvolume 0 a tenth of an ephah An ephah is 22 liters. A tenth of an ephah is about two liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) LEV 5 11 lta4 translate-fraction 0 a tenth This is one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) LEV 5 12 hn99 0 He must bring it Alternate translation: “He must bring the fine flour” LEV 5 12 u4a3 0 a representative offering The handful that the priest burns on the altar represents the entire offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/02.md). LEV 5 12 ml2a figs-activepassive 0 on top of the offerings made by fire for Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on top of the burnt offerings to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 5 13 g136 figs-abstractnouns 0 will make atonement If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “will atone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 5 13 g136 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 will make atonement If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 5 13 zpm8 figs-activepassive 0 that person will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive that person’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 5 15 at39 0 sins and acts unfaithfully in regard to the things that belong to Yahweh This means the person sinned by not giving to Yahweh what Yahweh commanded him to give. Alternate translation: “sins by failing to give to Yahweh what belongs to Yahweh” LEV 5 16 rlc3 0 he must add one-fifth This means the person must pay an extra one-fifth of the value of what he owes to Yahweh. LEV 5 16 g15p translate-fraction 0 one-fifth This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -LEV 5 16 c3af figs-abstractnouns 0 the priest will make atonement for him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 5 16 c3af figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו 1 the priest will make atonement for him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 5 16 c61p figs-activepassive 0 that person will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 5 17 aht3 figs-activepassive 0 has commanded not to be done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “has commanded the people not to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 5 17 kv1l figs-metaphor 0 must carry his own guilt A person’s guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word “guilt” represents the punishment for that guilt. Alternate translation: “he is responsible for his own guilt” or “Yahweh will punish him for his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -221,9 +220,8 @@ LEV 6 4 d32h 0 that which was entrusted to him If your language does not use t LEV 6 5 sv3s 0 in full Alternate translation: “fully” or “totally” LEV 6 5 tr1m translate-fraction 0 add one-fifth This means the person must return what he owes to someone and pay an extra one-fifth of the value. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 5:16](../05/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) LEV 6 5 n94x figs-activepassive 0 pay it all to the owner If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to pay the person he owes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 6 5 fb3h figs-explicit 0 he is found guilty The person who stole is to be brought before the judge and be declared guilty. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge declares him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 6 b7td figs-ellipsis 0 worth the current value This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. You can make clear the understood information. See how this was translated in [Leviticus 5:15](../05/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -LEV 6 7 ybw2 figs-abstractnouns 0 The priest will make atonement for him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 6 7 ybw2 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 The priest will make atonement for him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 6 7 mnh9 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” LEV 6 7 n4ih figs-activepassive 0 he will be forgiven This means Yahweh will forgive the person, not the priest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will forgive him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 9 zk2u figs-quotesinquotes 0 “Command Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This is the law The sentence that begins “Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying” (verse 8) has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. “Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to command Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This is the law” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) @@ -234,14 +232,14 @@ LEV 6 10 s22q 0 He will pick up the ashes Alternate translation: “He will ga LEV 6 10 m875 0 after the fire has consumed the burnt offering The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if it consumed or used up the burnt offering. LEV 6 11 lg73 figs-metaphor 0 to a place that is clean A place that is fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 6 12 w5lh figs-activepassive 0 The fire on the altar will be kept burning If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest will keep the fire on the altar burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 6 12 fhq1 figs-activepassive 0 as required on it If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on it as Yahweh demands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 6 15 cs5z figs-metaphor 0 to produce a sweet aroma Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 6 15 sg3j 0 a representative offering The handful of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:2](../02/02.md). LEV 6 16 yl98 figs-activepassive 0 It must be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 17 scb9 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be baked with yeast If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bake it with yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 17 j876 figs-activepassive 0 offerings made by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 18 n43x figs-explicit 0 Whoever touches them will become holy This is an implied warning that those who are not male descendants of Aaron should not touch this offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -LEV 6 20 skd2 figs-explicit 0 when each son is anointed It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he anoints each son, ordaining them as priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 6 20 skd2 figs-explicit בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 when he is anointed It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “on the day when he is anointed as priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LEV 6 20 utnw figs-activepassive בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the day when he anoints each son as priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 20 ja5e translate-bvolume 0 a tenth part of an ephah An ephah is 22 liters. One-tenth of an ephah is about 2 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) LEV 6 20 uya3 translate-fraction 0 a tenth This is one part of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) LEV 6 21 kkw9 figs-activepassive 0 It will be made If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will make it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -263,7 +261,7 @@ LEV 6 27 vj7x figs-activepassive 0 if the blood is sprinkled on If your languag LEV 6 28 f316 figs-activepassive 0 the clay pot in which it is boiled must be broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must break the clay pot in which you boiled the meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 28 e4tz figs-activepassive 0 If it is boiled in a bronze pot, it must be scrubbed and rinsed clean in water If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If you boiled the meat in a bronze pot, then you must scrub the pot and rinse it with clean water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 30 b4w7 figs-activepassive 0 But any sin offering … must not be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But no one may eat any sin offering whose blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 6 30 nw8d figs-activepassive 0 whose blood is brought into the tent of meeting If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from which the priest takes the blood into the tent of meeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LEV 6 30 nw8d figs-activepassive יוּבָ֨א מִ⁠דָּמָ֜⁠הּ 1 some of its blood was brought If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priest takes some of the blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 6 30 w6h7 figs-activepassive 0 It must be burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 intro nbv3 0 # Leviticus 7 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Blood
The people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed meat because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [Leviticus 17:11](../../lev/17/11.md)) LEV 7 1 wr1b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell Aaron and his sons. @@ -276,7 +274,7 @@ LEV 7 4 tww9 figs-activepassive 0 all this must be removed If your language doe LEV 7 5 h1gh figs-activepassive 0 as an offering made with fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as a burnt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 6 ei3l figs-activepassive 0 It must be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 7 hyn1 0 The same law applies to both of them Alternate translation: “The law is the same for both of them” -LEV 7 7 waf4 figs-abstractnouns 0 to the priest who makes atonement with them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to the priest who offers the sacrifice to atone for someone’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 7 7 waf4 figs-abstractnouns הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְכַפֶּר־ בּ֖⁠וֹ 1 to the priest who makes atonement with them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The priest who offers the sacrifice to atone for someone’s sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 7 8 f82t 0 hide the coat or skin of a herd animal LEV 7 9 yc6s figs-activepassive 0 that is baked in an oven … that is cooked in a frying pan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone bakes in an oven … that someone cooks in a frying pan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 9 q9rm translate-unknown 0 oven This was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) @@ -291,7 +289,7 @@ LEV 7 12 qye6 0 cakes made with fine flour Here “cakes” refers to a thick LEV 7 13 gvw2 figs-activepassive 0 cakes of bread made with yeast If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cakes of bread he made with yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 13 t3ll 0 cakes This refers to a thick bread. LEV 7 15 w5qb 0 The person presenting Alternate translation: “The person who offers” -LEV 7 15 h75f figs-abstractnouns 0 for the purpose of giving thanks If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thanks**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of thanking Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 7 15 h75f figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔י⁠ו 1 for the purpose of giving thanks If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thanksgiving**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the meat that makes up the peace offering for the purpose of thanking Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 7 16 wgx8 figs-activepassive 0 the meat must be eaten … it may be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must eat the meat … he may eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 17 m4fq translate-ordinal 0 on the third day Third is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “after two days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 7 17 ykv8 figs-activepassive 0 must be burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -304,16 +302,18 @@ LEV 7 19 nz6s figs-metaphor 0 an unclean thing Something that Yahweh has stated LEV 7 19 b8tn figs-activepassive 0 It must be burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 19 w161 figs-metaphor 0 anyone who is clean A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 7 20 pk97 figs-metaphor 0 unclean person A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 7 20 m7mh figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 7 20 m7mh figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be separated from his people like a branch cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 7 20 a43e figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 that person must be cut off from his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 21 q57k 0 whether uncleanness of man, or of unclean beast Here “man” means humans in general. Alternate translation: “whether of a person or a beast” LEV 7 21 g4kv 0 or of some unclean, detestable thing Alternate translation: “or of some unclean thing that disgusts Yahweh” -LEV 7 21 z5au figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 7 23 hl3a figs-quotesinquotes 0 “Speak to the people of Israel and say, ‘You must eat no fat The sentence that begins “Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying” (verse 22) has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: ‘You must eat no fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +LEV 7 21 z5au figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 7 21 of9w figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 that person must be cut off from his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must remove that person from your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 24 h1i5 0 died without being a sacrifice Alternate translation: “died but was not a sacrifice” LEV 7 24 t2m9 figs-activepassive 0 the fat of an animal torn by wild animals If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fat of an animal that wild animals killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 24 w8rx figs-activepassive 0 may be used If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 25 xu6q figs-activepassive 0 sacrifice by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “burnt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 7 25 jem2 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 7 25 jem2 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 7 25 ga8f figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 that person must be cut off from his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 7 26 iig8 0 You must eat no blood Alternate translation: “You must not consume blood” LEV 7 26 f76a 0 in any of your houses Alternate translation: “in any of your homes” or “wherever you live” LEV 7 29 rh99 figs-quotesinquotes 0 “Speak to the people of Israel and say, ‘He who offers The sentence that begins with the words “So Yahweh spoke to Moses and said” (verse 28) has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and told him to tell the people of Israel this: ‘He who offers” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ LEV 8 18 r16d translate-symaction 0 laid their hands on the head This is a symb LEV 8 20 y2l9 0 He cut the ram Alternate translation: “Moses cut the ram” LEV 8 21 d927 figs-metaphor 0 produced a sweet aroma Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 8 21 d6dy figs-activepassive 0 an offering made by fire to Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an offering he burned to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 8 22 qr6w figs-abstractnouns 0 the ram of consecration The word “consecration” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the ram for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 8 22 qr6w figs-abstractnouns אֵ֖יל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֑ים 1 the ram of consecration If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **consecration**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the ram for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 8 22 v85u translate-symaction 0 laid their hands on the head This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way the they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LEV 8 23 e9be figs-explicit 0 Moses took some of its blood It is implied that Moses caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 8 25 jt5v 0 inner parts Here, **the inner parts** refers to the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ LEV 8 31 bf4q figs-quotesinquotes 0 as I commanded, saying, ‘Aaron and his so LEV 8 33 m5um figs-activepassive 0 until the days of your ordination are fulfilled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you fulfill the days of your ordination” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 8 33 l462 0 ordination This is an official ceremony that makes someone a priest. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:29](../08/29.md). LEV 8 34 ds5f figs-activepassive 0 to be done If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 8 34 e67x figs-abstractnouns 0 to make atonement for you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to atone for your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 8 34 e67x figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 to make atonement for you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to atone for your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 8 35 m25h figs-activepassive 0 this is what I have been commanded If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this is what he has commanded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 9 intro s8cl 0 # Leviticus 9 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Aaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Following Yahweh’s instructions
Great care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh’s instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Fire came out from Yahweh”
Aaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) LEV 9 1 ksc2 translate-ordinal 0 the eighth day The word “eighth” is the ordinal number for eight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) @@ -462,13 +462,13 @@ LEV 10 15 y6r2 0 the breast the front part of the animal’s body below the ne LEV 10 15 e8hp figs-explicit 0 They will be yours and your sons’ with you as a share forever Translate this so it is understood that the portion belongs to Aaron and his sons. Alternate translation: “This portion will always be for you and your sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 10 16 n88w figs-activepassive 0 it was burned up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priests had burned it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 10 16 ssj2 0 Eleazar and Ithamar See how you translated these names in [Leviticus 10:6](../10/06.md). -LEV 10 17 y3wc figs-rquestion 0 Why have you not eaten … before him? Moses uses a question to rebuke Eleazar and Ithamar. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have eaten … before him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +LEV 10 17 y3wc figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־ אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־ הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ בִּ⁠מְק֣וֹם הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא וְ⁠אֹתָ֣⁠הּ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֗ם לָ⁠שֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָ⁠עֵדָ֔ה לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֖ם לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Why have you not eaten … before him? Moses uses a question to rebuke Eleazar and Ithamar. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have eaten the sin offering in the holy place, since it is the holiest holy thing, and it he has given to you to take away the iniquity of the assembly, to make atonement for them before the face of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LEV 10 17 rz8i 0 since it is most holy Alternate translation: “since the sin offering is most holy” LEV 10 17 d4e4 figs-metaphor 0 to take away the iniquity of the assembly Causing Yahweh to forgive the people of Israel is spoken of as if iniquity were an object that Yahweh takes from the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 10 17 m77r 0 before him Alternate translation: “in his presence” LEV 10 18 yy2n figs-activepassive 0 its blood was not brought If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you did not bring its blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 10 19 jkx5 0 this thing has happened Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons. -LEV 10 19 yzv9 figs-rquestion 0 would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh? These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons’ deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +LEV 10 19 yzv9 figs-rquestion וְ⁠אָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם הַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 would it have been pleasing in the sight of Yahweh? These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons’ deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LEV 11 intro i427 0 # Leviticus 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

### Laws about food

This chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited.

=##### Special concepts in this chapter
Eating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) LEV 11 2 sc39 0 among all the animals Alternate translation: “out of all the animals” LEV 11 3 m3yh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ LEV 11 19 tq7q 0 stork … heron These are birds that feed on rodents and liza LEV 11 19 v489 translate-unknown 0 hoopoe These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LEV 11 19 gzj5 0 bat Although not a bird, the bat is included in this list because it has wings and flies. It has a furry body and is awake mainly at night. It eats insects and rodents. LEV 11 20 x6ih 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat. -LEV 11 20 ad7v figs-abstractnouns 0 All winged insects that walk on four legs are detestable to you The word “detestable” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “You will detest all winged insects that walk on four legs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 11 20 ad7v figs-abstractnouns שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָ⁠כֶֽם 1 All winged insects that walk on four legs are detestable to you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **detestable**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will hate it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 11 20 a5q6 figs-idiom 0 insects that walk on four legs Here the phrase “four legs” is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground and sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. Alternate translation: “insects that crawl on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LEV 11 22 dqs7 translate-unknown 0 locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper These are small insects that eat plants and can jump. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LEV 11 23 uc98 0 flying insects that have four feet Alternate translation: “flying insects that have four legs” @@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ LEV 14 32 eka8 0 infectious skin disease See how you translated these words in LEV 14 32 p78r figs-explicit 0 who is not able to afford Translate this so it is clear that the person does not have enough money to purchase a standard offering. Alternate translation: “who does not have enough money to buy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 14 34 snu5 figs-you 0 When you have come Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LEV 14 34 u9um 0 mildew See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:47](../13/47.md). -LEV 14 34 ap3a figs-abstractnouns 0 in the land of your possession The word “possession” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “in the land that you possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 14 34 ap3a figs-abstractnouns אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 in the land of your possession If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **possession**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “in the land that you possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 14 36 q9ki figs-activepassive 0 so that nothing in the house will be made unclean Once the priest declared the house to be unclean, everything in the house became unclean, as well. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that he does not need to declare anything left in the house to be unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 14 36 uq4m figs-metaphor 0 the house will be made unclean The house that Yahweh has stated is unfit for people to touch or live in is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 14 37 nv5n 0 in the depressions in the wall’s surface This means the priest is to determine whether mildew has gone deeper that just the surface of the walls. @@ -758,7 +758,8 @@ LEV 15 11 ga5g 0 Whomever he who has such a flow touches Alternate translation LEV 15 11 wx9q figs-activepassive 0 the person who was touched If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person whom he touched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 15 12 g4sf figs-activepassive 0 Any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches must be broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone must break any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 15 12 r356 figs-activepassive 0 every container of wood must be rinsed in water If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone must rinse every wooden container in water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 15 13 g7s1 figs-metaphor 0 is cleansed from his flow The man recovering from his sickness is spoken of as if he becomes physically clean. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “recovers from his flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 15 13 g7s1 figs-metaphor יִטְהַ֤ר…מִ⁠זּוֹב֔⁠וֹ 1 becomes cleansed from his flow The man recovering from his sickness is spoken of as if he becomes physically clean. Alternate translation: “is healed from his flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 15 13 oh1c figs-activepassive יִטְהַ֤ר…מִ⁠זּוֹב֔⁠וֹ 1 becomes cleansed from his flow If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “recovers from his flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 15 13 r4t4 figs-metaphor 0 Then he will be clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 15 16 p5mn figs-metaphor 0 unclean until evening People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 15 16 e7cj 0 until evening Alternate translation: “until sunset” @@ -779,11 +780,13 @@ LEV 15 25 z9ja figs-metaphor 0 She is unclean People whom other people may not LEV 15 26 k8wz figs-metaphor 0 everything on which she sits will be unclean Objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 15 27 n6w8 figs-metaphor 0 Whoever touches … will be unclean People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 15 28 b471 0 But if she The word “she” refers to the woman who is menstruating. -LEV 15 28 q2f4 figs-metaphor 0 is cleansed from her flow of blood The woman recovering from her bleeding is spoken of as if she becomes physically clean. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “recovers from her flow of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 15 28 q2f4 figs-metaphor טָהֲרָ֖ה מִ⁠זּוֹבָ֑⁠הּ 1 she is cleansed from her discharge The woman recovering from her bleeding is spoken of as if she becomes physically clean. Alternate translation: “she is healed from her flow of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 15 28 wynt figs-activepassive טָהֲרָ֖ה מִ⁠זּוֹבָ֑⁠הּ 1 she is cleansed from her discharge If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she recovers from her flow of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 15 28 aw6t figs-metaphor 0 she will be clean The woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 15 29 c2yn 0 she will take to her Alternate translation: “she will take for herself” LEV 15 30 ja3w 0 her unclean flow of blood Alternate translation: “her flow of blood that makes her unclean” -LEV 15 31 ayf7 figs-metaphor 0 This is how you must separate the people of Israel from their uncleanness Yahweh speaks of preventing the people from becoming unclean as if it were keeping the people at a safe distance from uncleanness. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea with “unclean.” Alternate translation: “This is how you must prevent the people of Israel from becoming unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 15 31 ayf7 figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־ בְּנֵי־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠טֻּמְאָתָ֑⁠ם 1 And you must separate the sons of Israel from their uncleanness Yahweh speaks of preventing the people from becoming unclean as if it were keeping the people at a safe distance from uncleanness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 15 31 qmq1 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־ בְּנֵי־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠טֻּמְאָתָ֑⁠ם 1 And you must separate the sons of Israel from their uncleanness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea with “unclean.” Alternate translation: “And you must prevent the people of Israel from becoming unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 15 31 z8ta figs-metaphor 0 their uncleanness People whom other people may not touch and who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 15 32 pb3a 0 These are the regulations Alternate translation: “These are the things that must be done” LEV 15 32 mf54 figs-metaphor 0 makes him unclean People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -835,7 +838,8 @@ LEV 16 27 zfe4 figs-activepassive 0 whose blood was brought If your language do LEV 16 27 w3zh figs-activepassive 0 must be carried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone must carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 16 27 siz5 0 their hides Alternate translation: “their skins.” Here “their” refers to the bull and the goat. LEV 16 29 xdf2 figs-you 0 for you The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -LEV 16 29 b4lj translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on the western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 16 29 b4lj translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠⁠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽ⁠עָשׂ֨וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on the western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +LEV 16 29 uo7p translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠⁠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽ⁠עָשׂ֨וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month The words **seventh** and **tenth** are the ordinal forms of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven on day ten of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 16 30 x3yt figs-activepassive 0 atonement will be made for you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Aaron will make atonement for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 16 30 qxv8 figs-metaphor 0 to cleanse you … so you will be clean People who are acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 16 31 aut2 0 It is a solemn Sabbath of rest for you This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement. @@ -847,11 +851,13 @@ LEV 16 34 p82l 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the p LEV 16 34 fk11 figs-activepassive 0 This was done as Yahweh commanded Moses If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses did as Yahweh commanded” or “And Aaron did as Yahweh commanded Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 17 intro eez5 0 # Leviticus 17 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Sacrifices
Sacrifices could only be offered by the priests at the temple. Any other sacrifice was strictly prohibited. This was probably intended to ensure that the people were only offering sacrifices to Yahweh and not to another god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “The life of each creature is its blood”
It is unclear why the life is described as being in the blood. It is possible that diseases were more common in the blood and this is why it was prohibited. Blood is also necessary for life to continue in a creature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) LEV 17 4 ykk1 0 before his tabernacle Alternate translation: “before Yahweh’s tabernacle” -LEV 17 4 r4p2 figs-metaphor 0 that man must be cut off from among his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 17 4 r4p2 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 and that man must be cut off from among his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 17 4 zibd figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 and that man must be cut off from among his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 17 5 g2ip figs-activepassive 0 to the priest to be sacrificed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to the priest so he may sacrifice them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 17 7 szx8 figs-metaphor 0 for which they act as prostitutes The people being unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods is spoken of as if they were acting like a man who betrays his wife by committing adultery. Alternate translation: “for which they are unfaithful to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 17 7 e99c 0 a permanent statute for them throughout their people’s generations See how you translated this phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). -LEV 17 9 zxi2 figs-metaphor 0 that man must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 17 9 zxi2 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מֵ⁠עַמָּֽי⁠ו 1 that man must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people like a branch is cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 17 9 cp6l figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מֵ⁠עַמָּֽי⁠ו 1 that man must be cut off from his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 17 10 c9dr figs-idiom 0 I will set my face against that person This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LEV 17 10 q7r6 0 will set my face against Alternate translation: “will stare angrily at” LEV 17 10 ppg2 figs-metaphor 0 I will cut him off from among his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “I will not permit that person to live among his people any longer” or “I will separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -861,13 +867,15 @@ LEV 17 12 c3ee 0 no one among you must eat blood Alternate translation: “no LEV 17 13 s1lw figs-activepassive 0 that may be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have said they may eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 17 13 d4ds 0 cover the blood with earth Alternate translation: “cover the blood with dirt” LEV 17 14 abd9 figs-explicit 0 the life of each creature is its blood This means that the blood is enables the creature to be alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “each creature is able to live because of its blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -LEV 17 14 z1sc figs-metaphor 0 Whoever eats it must be cut off A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “You must separate from his people anyone who eats blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 17 14 z1sc figs-metaphor כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖י⁠ו יִכָּרֵֽת 1 All who eat it must be cut off A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “ Anyone who eats blood must be cut off from his people, as if he were a branch cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 17 14 f360 figs-activepassive כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖י⁠ו יִכָּרֵֽת 1 All who eat it must be cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “You must separate from his people anyone who eats blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 17 15 r2v4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. -LEV 17 15 bxq4 figs-metaphor 0 that has been torn by wild animals An animal being killed by wild animals is spoken of as if the wild animals tore the animal to pieces. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that wild animals have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 17 15 bxq4 figs-activepassive וּ⁠טְרֵפָ֔ה 1 that has been torn by wild animals If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or that wild animals have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 17 15 he4j 0 is native born Alternate translation: “is an Israelite” LEV 17 15 iyc3 figs-metaphor 0 he will be unclean … Then he will be clean The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean and the person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 17 15 fi2a 0 until the evening Alternate translation: “until sunset” -LEV 17 16 mf2b figs-metaphor 0 then he must carry his guilt A person’s guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word “guilt” represents the punishment for that guilt. Alternate translation: “then he is responsible for his own guilt” or “then I will punish him for his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 17 16 mf2b figs-metaphor 1 then he must carry his iniquity Here a person’s **iniquity** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 17 16 ssqc figs-metonymy 1 then he must carry his iniquity Here the word **iniquity** represents the punishment for that iniquity. Alternate translation: “then he is responsible for his own iniquity” or “then I will punish him for his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 18 intro q7q3 0 # Leviticus 18 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Uncovering nakedness

To “uncover nakedness” is a euphemism for having sexual relations with someone. This chapter gives many examples of people with whom Israelites were not to have sexual relations. LEV 18 4 ev4k figs-parallelism 0 My laws are what you must do, and my commandments are what you must keep These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people must obey everything that Yahweh has commanded them to do. You can translate this parallelism into one statement that conveys the requirement to keep all of Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “You must obey all of my laws and commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LEV 18 4 e2a7 figs-metaphor 0 so that you walk in them Obeying Yahweh’s commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “so that you conduct your behavior according to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -899,26 +907,31 @@ LEV 18 22 xqv3 0 that is detestable Here “detestable” refers to a violatio LEV 18 23 d3wz figs-euphemism 0 to lie with it This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 18 24 zgw3 figs-metonymy 0 the nations are defiled This refers to the people groups already living in Canaan. Translate this so the term “nations” is clarified as people. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations defiled themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 18 25 mm7m 0 The land became defiled Alternate translation: “The people defiled the land” -LEV 18 25 l4iy figs-metaphor 0 the land vomited out its inhabitants Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land were a person who vomited the people out. Alternate translation: “I forcibly removed the people from the land, like a person vomits up food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +LEV 18 25 l4iy figs-metaphor וַ⁠תָּקִ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽי⁠הָ 1 And the land vomited out its inhabitants Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land vomited the people out. Alternate translation: “I forcibly removed the people from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 18 25 smuk figs-personification וַ⁠תָּקִ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽי⁠הָ 1 And the land vomited out its inhabitants The **land** is spoken of as if it were a person who could vomit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LEV 18 26 le34 0 any of these detestable things Alternate translation: “any of these disgusting things” LEV 18 27 jm4d 0 this is the wickedness This refers to “these detestable things.” LEV 18 28 swd7 0 Therefore be careful Alternate translation: “Therefore be careful to obey me” -LEV 18 28 a2rf figs-metaphor 0 so that the land does not vomit you up … as it vomited out the people Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land were a person who vomited the people out. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “so that I do forcibly remove you from the land … as I forcibly removed the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +LEV 18 28 a2rf figs-metaphor וְ⁠לֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם…קָאָ֛ה 1 so the land does not vomit you out … it vomited out Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land **vomited** the people out. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 18 28 ukwe figs-personification וְ⁠לֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם…קָאָ֛ה 1 so the land does not vomit you out … it vomited out The land is spoken of as if it were a person who could **vomit**. See how you translated these phrases in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LEV 18 29 va51 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must not do. -LEV 18 29 kls3 figs-metaphor 0 the persons … will be cut off from among their people People being excluded from the community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the persons … may no longer live among their people” or “you must separate the persons … from their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 18 29 kls3 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְת֛וּ הַ⁠נְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָ⁠עֹשֹׂ֖ת מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם 1 the people who do such things will be cut off from among their people People being excluded from the community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “the people who do these things must be separated from their people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 18 29 i0lm figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְת֛וּ הַ⁠נְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָ⁠עֹשֹׂ֖ת מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם 1 the people who do such things will be cut off from among their people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must separate the who do such things from their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 18 30 cz9s figs-activepassive 0 which were practiced here before you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which the people did here before you came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 18 30 k2fr 0 by them Here “them” refers to the detestable customs. LEV 19 intro q5dy 0 # Leviticus 19 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Obeying Yahweh

Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person’s life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person’s life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) LEV 19 3 h3qu 0 keep my Sabbaths Alternate translation: “observe my Sabbaths” or “respect my day of rest” LEV 19 4 h2g1 figs-metaphor 0 Do not turn to worthless idols Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 19 5 y6kv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit 0 you must offer it that you may be accepted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit לִֽ⁠רְצֹנְ⁠כֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽ⁠הוּ 1 you must sacrifice it for your acceptance This could mean: (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 19 6 l911 figs-activepassive 0 It must be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 6 en6s figs-activepassive 0 it must be burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 7 prl2 figs-activepassive 0 If it is eaten at all If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If you eat any of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 7 x3pj figs-activepassive 0 it must not be accepted To eat the offering after the designated time is against God and increases the guilt the offering was to cover. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You may not accept it for eating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 19 8 z5l5 figs-metaphor 0 everyone … must carry his own guilt A person’s guilt is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word “guilt” represents the punishment for that guilt. Alternate translation: “everyone … is responsible for his own guilt” or “Yahweh will punish everyone … for his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LEV 19 8 hb89 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 19 8 z5l5 figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֹֽכְלָי⁠ו֙ עֲוֺנ֣⁠וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א 1 And the one who eats it must carry his iniquity A person’s **iniquity** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 19 8 zfbb figs-metonymy וְ⁠אֹֽכְלָי⁠ו֙ עֲוֺנ֣⁠וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א 1 And the one who eats it must carry his iniquity Here the word **iniquity** represents the punishment for that sin. Alternate translation: “And everyone who eats the sacrifice is responsible for his own sin” or “Yahweh will punish the sin of everyone who eats the sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 19 8 hb89 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 and that person must be cut off from his people A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 19 8 e7hk figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 and that person must be cut off from his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 9 qum7 0 When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your field Alternate translation: “When you gather your crops, do not gather all the way to the edges of your fields” LEV 19 9 nrx9 figs-explicit 0 neither will you gather all the produce of your harvest This refers to the practice of going back over the fields a second time to gather any produce that remained after the first time. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 19 12 ivh5 0 Do not swear by my name falsely Alternate translation: “Do not use my name to swear about something that is not true” @@ -944,7 +957,8 @@ LEV 19 23 ge88 figs-parallelism 0 then you must regard the fruit they produce a LEV 19 23 qe8e figs-activepassive 0 you must regard the fruit they produce as forbidden to be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must regard the fruit they produce as something that I have forbidden you to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 23 q42h figs-activepassive 0 The fruit must be forbidden to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have forbidden the fruit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 23 qi36 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 19 29 h86v figs-metonymy 0 the nation will fall to prostitution and the land will become full of wickedness Here the words “nation” and “land” represent the people who live there. Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 19 29 h86v figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וּ⁠מָלְאָ֥ה הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה 1 and the land will not fall to prostitution and the land become full of wickedness Here both occurrences of the word **land** represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 19 29 poqd figs-metaphor וְ⁠לֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וּ⁠מָלְאָ֥ה הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה 1 and the land will not fall to prostitution and the land become full of wickedness Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 19 31 r7ep figs-doublet 0 the dead or with spirits This could mean: (1) that “the dead” and “spirits” are two different things or (2) that this is a doublet that means “the spirits of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LEV 19 31 d3wn 0 Do not seek them out, or they will defile you Alternate translation: “Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you” LEV 19 32 han2 translate-symaction 0 You must rise Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -960,7 +974,7 @@ LEV 20 3 h93p figs-idiom 0 I also will set my face against that man This idiom LEV 20 3 x9y6 0 will set my face against Alternate translation: “will stare angrily at” LEV 20 3 t5xb 0 he has given his child Alternate translation: “he has sacrificed his child” LEV 20 3 blk3 0 so as to defile my holy place and profane my holy name Alternate translation: “and by doing that, he has defiled my holy place and profaned my holy name” -LEV 20 3 qcs4 figs-metonymy 0 profane my holy name God’s name represents God and his reputation. Alternate translation: “dishonor my reputation” or “dishonor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 20 3 qcs4 figs-metonymy וּ⁠לְ⁠חַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁ⁠י 1 profane my holy name Here God’s **name** represents God and his reputation. Alternate translation: “and to dishonor my reputation” or “and to dishonor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 20 4 u6g4 figs-metonymy 0 close their eyes to The phrase “to close their eyes” implies they “cannot see.” This speaks of ignoring something as not seeing. Alternate translation: “disregard” or “ignore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 20 5 ehp6 figs-metaphor 0 who prostitutes himself in order to play the harlot with Molech This phrase compares those who are unfaithful to Yahweh to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “who is unfaithful to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 20 6 f771 figs-metaphor 0 so as to prostitute themselves with them This phrase compares the unfaithful people to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “by doing that, they seek advice from the spirits rather than from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -987,9 +1001,11 @@ LEV 20 17 cv3p figs-explicit 0 a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mo LEV 20 17 d1dr 0 he uncovers her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness Alternate translation: “they have sexual relations” LEV 20 17 d2px figs-euphemism 0 has uncovered the nakedness of This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 20 17 hc1c figs-idiom 0 he must carry his guilt This phrase means the man is responsibile for his sin. Alternate translation: “He is responsible for his sin” or “You must punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -LEV 20 18 p47v figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 20 18 p47v figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵי⁠הֶ֖ם מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם 1 And both of them must be cut off from among their people People being excluded from their community is spoken of as if they had been **cut off from their people**, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “And both of them must be cut off among their people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 20 18 e4mn figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵי⁠הֶ֖ם מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם 1 And both of them must be cut off from among their people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 20 18 ay1j 0 menstrual period the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb -LEV 20 18 xtb1 figs-metaphor 0 he has uncovered her flow, the fountain of her blood This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he has done a shameful thing by uncovering the flow of her blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LEV 20 18 xtb1 figs-metaphor אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣⁠הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְ⁠הִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 he has exposed her flow and she has uncovered the flow of her blood This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 20 18 ym6o figs-explicit אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣⁠הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְ⁠הִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 he has exposed her flow and she has uncovered the flow of her blood The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they have done a shameful thing by exposing and uncovering the flow of her blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 20 18 azt4 figs-euphemism 0 a man lies with a woman This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “a man has sexual relations with a woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 20 18 z4zf figs-explicit 0 Both the man and woman must be cut off It can be stated clearly why this must be done. Alternate translation: “Because they have done this shameful thing, both the man and woman must be cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 20 19 t9ja figs-euphemism 0 You must not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “You must not have sexual relations with your mother’s sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) @@ -997,7 +1013,8 @@ LEV 20 19 rdn4 figs-idiom 0 You must carry your own guilt The idiom “carry yo LEV 20 20 kt2e figs-euphemism 0 man lies with his aunt This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “man has sexual relations with his aunt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 20 21 a99a figs-euphemism 0 If a man marries his brother’s wife This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “If a man marries his brother’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 20 21 n5ht 0 I will take away from their children any property they may have inherited from their parents Many versions of the Bible translate this as “they will die childless.” -LEV 20 22 qs8l figs-metaphor 0 the land into which I am bringing you to live will not vomit you up This phrase describes the land as a vomiting person who needs to reject bad food. Instead of rejecting bad food, the land rejects the people and removes them. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +LEV 20 22 qs8l figs-metaphor וְ⁠לֹא־ תָקִ֤יא אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְ⁠כֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה לָ⁠שֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 the land into which I am bringing you to live will not vomit you up This phrase describes the removal of the people from **the land** as if they were bad food that a person vomits out. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 20 22 g9ny figs-personification וְ⁠לֹא־ תָקִ֤יא אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְ⁠כֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה לָ⁠שֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 the land into which I am bringing you to live will not vomit you up Here, **the land** is describes as if it were a person who could **vomit**. Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LEV 20 23 lmg7 figs-metaphor 0 You must not walk in Doing the actions of idol worshipers is spoken of as walking in their ways. Alternate translation: “you must not follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 20 23 ry5q 0 drive out Alternate translation: “remove” LEV 20 24 bt1d figs-idiom 0 a land flowing with milk and honey The phrase “flowing with milk and honey” means “that is rich and productive with enough food for everyone.” Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” or “a productive land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1038,7 +1055,8 @@ LEV 22 2 xs6u 0 tell them to keep away from the holy things Yahweh is about to LEV 22 2 r1dd figs-metonymy 0 profane my holy name The word “profane” here means to dishonor. The word “name” represents Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “dishonor my reputation” or “dishonor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 22 3 t1cx 0 throughout your generations Alternate translation: “from now on” LEV 22 3 psy4 figs-metaphor 0 while he is unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 22 3 ewt8 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from before me A priest no longer being able to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if that person had been cut off from Yahweh’s presence, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person will no longer be able to serve as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 22 3 ewt8 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ⁠נֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֛וא מִ⁠לְּ⁠פָנַ֖⁠י 1 that person must be cut off from before my face A priest no longer being able to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if that person had been cut off from Yahweh’s presence, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from before me as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 22 3 uwch figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ⁠נֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֛וא מִ⁠לְּ⁠פָנַ֖⁠י 1 that person must be cut off from before my face If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person will no longer be able to serve as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 4 bbd6 0 infectious skin disease a disease on the skin easily spread from one person to another LEV 22 4 nqk1 0 an infection flowing from his body Alternate translation: “a bodily discharge” LEV 22 4 q5bm figs-euphemism 0 from his body This is a polite way of referring to a man’s private parts. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “from his private parts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) @@ -1052,11 +1070,12 @@ LEV 22 6 v9vm 0 until evening Alternate translation: “until sunset” LEV 22 7 w1dk figs-metaphor 0 he will then be clean A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. Alternate translation: “the priest will then be considered clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 22 8 tve2 figs-activepassive 0 found dead or killed by wild animals If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 10 iqy2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do. -LEV 22 12 dg4g figs-abstractnouns 0 the holy contribution offerings The word “contribution” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 22 12 dg4g figs-abstractnouns בִּ⁠תְרוּמַ֥ת הַ⁠קֳּדָשִׁ֖ים 1 the holy contribution offerings If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **contributions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 22 14 rd8r 0 he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it This could mean: (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten. LEV 22 14 kg3k translate-fraction 0 one-fifth This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -LEV 22 15 qr33 translate-symaction 0 that they have raised high and presented The phrase “raised high” refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they have offered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -LEV 22 16 dbv5 figs-metaphor 0 cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. This could mean: (1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word “sin” is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 22 15 qr33 translate-symaction אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־ יָרִ֖ימוּ 1 that they lifted up Here the phrase **lifted up** refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they offered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +LEV 22 16 dbv5 figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה 1 and cause themselves to bear the guilt of the guilt offering Here, **guilt** is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 22 16 t742 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה 1 and cause themselves to bear the guilt of the guilt offering This could mean: (1) they would be responsible for their sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word **guilt** is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 22 18 nkn4 0 an alien Alternate translation: “a foreigner” LEV 22 19 fhu4 figs-activepassive 0 if it is to be accepted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh is to accept it” or “if I, Yahweh, am to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 21 z634 figs-activepassive 0 to be accepted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for me to accept it” or “for Yahweh to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1065,7 +1084,8 @@ LEV 22 22 x5xy 0 warts, sores, or scabs These refer to types of skin diseases. LEV 22 23 tmi7 figs-activepassive 0 will not be accepted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not accept” or “Yahweh will not accept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 23 d9zb 0 deformed or small These words refer to defects the animal has from birth. LEV 22 25 pe4u figs-synecdoche 0 must not present the bread of your God Here “bread” represents food in general. God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God’s altar, and they would eat some of the meat. Alternate translation: “must not present an animal as a food offering to your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -LEV 22 25 as6g figs-synecdoche 0 from the hand of a foreigner The word “hand” represents the whole person. It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “that a foreigner has given you, because they castrate their animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LEV 22 25 as6g figs-synecdoche וּ⁠מִ⁠יַּ֣ד בֶּן־ נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠כָּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤⁠ם בָּ⁠הֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔⁠ם 1 And from the hand of the son of a foreigner you must not offer the food of your God from any of these because their deformity is in them and a defect is in them Here the word **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer as food to your God any deformed animal from a foreigner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +LEV 22 25 n9fu figs-explicit וּ⁠מִ⁠יַּ֣ד בֶּן־ נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠כָּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤⁠ם בָּ⁠הֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔⁠ם 1 And from the hand of the son of a foreigner you must not offer the food of your God from any of these because their deformity is in them and a defect is in them It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer to your God any animal that a foreigner has castrated, because that animal is deformed as a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 22 25 zq7w figs-activepassive 0 they will not be accepted for you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept them from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 27 m6tu figs-activepassive 0 it may be accepted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 27 z5ck figs-activepassive 0 for an offering made by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for a burnt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1080,9 +1100,10 @@ LEV 23 3 elq1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the p LEV 23 3 vk4w 0 the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest This is something the people must do habitually. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day. LEV 23 3 t53y figs-metonymy 0 a holy assembly The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Alternate translation: “a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 23 4 l6ez 0 at their appointed times Alternate translation: “at their proper times” -LEV 23 5 nv3g translate-hebrewmonths 0 first month, on the fourteenth day of the month The first month of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 23 5 nv3g translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 In the first month, on day 14 of the month The **first month** of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]]) +LEV 23 5 p2bw translate-ordinal בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן 1 In the first month The word **first** is the ordinal form of “one”. Alternate translation: “In month one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 23 5 bbn4 0 at twilight Alternate translation: “at sunset” -LEV 23 6 b47g translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fifteenth day of the same month The “same month” is the first month of the Hebrew calendar (verse 5). It was in the first month that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fifteenth day are around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 23 6 b47g translate-hebrewmonths וּ⁠בַ⁠חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 And on day 15 of this month Here, **this month** is the first month of the Hebrew calendar (verse 5). It was in the first month that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fifteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) LEV 23 7 z6ky 0 The first day you must set apart to gather together Alternate translation: “You must set apart the first day to gather together” or “You must treat the first day as different and gather together” LEV 23 8 fd7s 0 will present a food offering They would present it to Yahweh by burning it on the altar. LEV 23 8 eif1 figs-metonymy 0 The seventh day is an assembly set apart to Yahweh The requirement that people assemble on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Being set apart to Yahweh means that when they assemble, they must worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The seventh day is a day when you must assemble together to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1101,13 +1122,16 @@ LEV 23 18 t6w3 figs-metaphor 0 producing a sweet aroma for Yahweh The Lord’s LEV 23 19 yy3g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. LEV 23 22 w1b8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. LEV 23 22 cza3 0 When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your fields Alternate translation: “When you gather your crops, do not gather them all the way to the edges of your fields” -LEV 23 24 awp8 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the seventh month, the first day of that month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 23 24 awp8 translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּ⁠אֶחָ֣ד לַ⁠חֹ֗דֶשׁ 1 In the seventh month, on day one of the month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +LEV 23 24 im9z translate-ordinal בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֜י 1 In the seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “In month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 23 24 j9ft 0 a solemn rest a period of time that was only for worship and not for work LEV 23 25 axe7 figs-activepassive 0 you must offer a sacrifice made by fire to Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must offer a sacrifice that you make by fire to Yahweh” or “you must burn an offering on the altar to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 23 27 b777 translate-hebrewmonths 0 tenth day of this seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 23 27 b777 translate-hebrewmonths בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֣וֹר לַ⁠חֹדֶשׁ֩ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה 1 on day 10 of this seventh month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +LEV 23 27 qtyo translate-ordinal לַ⁠חֹדֶשׁ֩ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה 1 of this seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 23 27 ei44 translate-unknown 0 the Day of Atonement On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LEV 23 28 b42e 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. -LEV 23 29 vh74 figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from his people Being excluded is spoken of as being cut off. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “must be excluded from his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 23 29 vh74 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 then he must be cut off from his people Being excluded is spoken of as being **cut off**. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “then he must be cut off from his people as a branch is cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 23 29 yhns figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 then he must be cut off from his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then you must exclude him from his people” or “then you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 23 30 pu94 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. LEV 23 30 a1cb 0 on that day Alternate translation: “on the Day of Atonement” LEV 23 31 w1ug 0 This will be a permanent statute throughout your people’s generations This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). @@ -1115,14 +1139,16 @@ LEV 23 32 vhl2 0 a Sabbath of solemn rest This is not the same as the Sabbath LEV 23 32 qw7i figs-explicit 0 you must humble yourselves In this case humbling themselves implies that they would not eat any food. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “you must humble yourselves and eat nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 23 32 jwy1 figs-explicit 0 the ninth day of the month This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the ninth day of the seventh month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 23 32 q4wj 0 From evening to evening Alternate translation: “From sunset to sunset on the next day” -LEV 23 34 u83n translate-hebrewmonths 0 fifteenth day of the seventh month This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 23 34 u83n translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜ר י֗וֹם לַ⁠חֹ֤דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִי֙ 1 On day 15 of the seventh month This date is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +LEV 23 34 gg6x translate-ordinal לַ⁠חֹ֤דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִי֙ 1 of the seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 23 34 by89 translate-unknown 0 Festival of Shelters This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LEV 23 35 vp3p 0 General Information: Yahweh is giving instructions for the Festival of Shelters. LEV 23 37 ehy1 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. LEV 23 37 ul95 0 These are the appointed festivals This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1-36. LEV 23 39 xle6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year. LEV 23 39 i44i 0 Festival of Shelters This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. See how you translated it in [Leviticus 23:34](../23/34.md). -LEV 23 39 s52d translate-hebrewmonths 0 fifteenth day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 23 39 s52d translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 on day 15 of the seventh month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +LEV 23 39 fsue translate-ordinal לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 of the seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 23 39 mz9z figs-synecdoche 0 when you have gathered in the fruits The word “fruits” here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate translation: “after you have gathered the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LEV 23 40 br1c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. LEV 23 40 ven2 figs-explicit 0 branches of palm trees … willows from streams Possible uses for these branches are: (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1169,9 +1195,10 @@ LEV 24 20 gu8y figs-idiom 0 tooth for tooth This refers to teeth being knocked LEV 24 21 vq5t figs-activepassive 0 anyone who kills a person must be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they must put to death anyone who kills a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 24 23 jg5f 0 carried out the command Alternate translation: “obeyed the command” LEV 25 intro z6ra 0 # Leviticus 25 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Over-farming
There is a provision made in this chapter to prevent over-farming of the land. If a land is farmed every year with the same crops, it will quickly become unable to grow anything.

### Sabbath and Jubilee Years

Every seventh year, the land should not be planted. Every fiftieth year Israelite slaves must be freed and all land that has been bought returned to its original owners. This prevented people from getting trapped by their poverty. -LEV 25 2 e4st figs-personification 0 the land must be made to keep a Sabbath for Yahweh The land is spoken of as if it were a person that could obey the Sabbath by resting. Just as the people had to rest every seventh day, people were to honor God by not farming the land every seventh year. Alternate translation: “you must obey the Sabbath law by letting the land rest every seventh year for Yahweh” or “you must obey Yahweh’s Sabbath by not farming the land every seventh year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 25 2 e4st figs-personification וְ⁠שָׁבְתָ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 then the land must keep a sabbath, a sabbath for Yahweh The **land** is spoken of as if it were a person that could obey the Sabbath by resting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +LEV 25 2 id1e figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁבְתָ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 then the land must keep a sabbath, a sabbath for Yahweh Here the people honoring God by not farming the **land** every seventh year is spoken of as if the land were taking a sabbath rest. Alternate translation: “you must let the land rest every seventh year to honor Yahweh” or “you must obey Yahweh’s Sabbath by not farming the land every seventh year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 25 3 bf66 0 prune your vineyard To prune a vineyard is to cut the branches and vines to help the fruit grow better. -LEV 25 4 dc2m figs-activepassive 0 a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land must be observed Not farming the land is spoken of as letting the land rest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land” or “you must obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 25 4 dc2m figs-metaphor שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ 1 there must be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land Not farming the land is spoken of as letting **the land** **rest**. Alternate translation: “you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land by not farming it” or “you must obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 25 5 jtb8 0 You must not conduct … for the land Yahweh will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find. LEV 25 5 mxc6 figs-activepassive 0 your unpruned vines This means that no one has taken care of the vines and cut them as they do during the other six years. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your vines that you do not prune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 6 ixl4 0 Whatever the unworked land … who live with you may gather food Yahweh will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find. @@ -1180,7 +1207,8 @@ LEV 25 6 itc3 figs-activepassive 0 the unworked land This means that no one has LEV 25 7 v4ie 0 whatever the land produces Alternate translation: “whatever grows on the land” LEV 25 8 ps12 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. LEV 25 8 g6u6 0 there will be seven Sabbaths of years Alternate translation: “they will be seven sets of seven years” -LEV 25 9 cf78 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the tenth day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +LEV 25 9 cf78 translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The **tenth day** is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +LEV 25 9 igkl translate-ordinal בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month The words **seventh** and **tenth** are the ordinals of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven, on day ten of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 25 9 l873 0 the Day of Atonement On this day each year the high priest would make a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 23:27](../23/27.md). LEV 25 10 p451 translate-numbers 0 fiftieth year This is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “year 50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LEV 25 10 gq84 0 a Jubilee for you The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its’ original owners and set slaves free. Alternate translation: “a year of restoration for you” or “a year for you to return land and free slaves” @@ -1198,7 +1226,7 @@ LEV 25 21 qk7b figs-personification 0 I will command my blessing to come upon y LEV 25 22 sm7w figs-activepassive 0 from the provisions stored If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the food you store” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 23 pm7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. LEV 25 23 gm2n figs-activepassive 0 The land must not be sold to a new permanent owner If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not sell your land permanently to another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 25 24 af5k figs-abstractnouns 0 You must observe the right of redemption The noun “redemption” can be expressed with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “You must remember that the original owner has the right to redeem the land whenever he wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 25 24 af5k figs-abstractnouns גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּתְּנ֥וּ לָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 You must observe the right of redemption If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **redemption**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “you must remember that the original owner has the right to redeem the land whenever he wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 25 24 mg9y figs-activepassive 0 you must allow the land to be bought back by the family from whom you bought it If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must allow the family from whom you bought the land to buy it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 27 c8fs figs-activepassive 0 the land was sold If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he sold the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 27 lw57 figs-explicit 0 repay the balance to the man to whom he sold it This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “repay to the purchaser who bought it the money the purchaser would have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1206,7 +1234,7 @@ LEV 25 28 gbe7 0 the year of Jubilee See how you translated it in [Leviticus 2 LEV 25 28 f4jg figs-activepassive 0 the land will be returned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one who had bought it will return the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 28 me5x 0 will return to his property Alternate translation: “will go back to his land” LEV 25 29 ll7h figs-activepassive 0 after it was sold If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after he sold it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 25 29 ibe6 figs-abstractnouns 0 the right of redemption The noun “redemption” can be expressed with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “the right to redeem it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 25 29 ibe6 figs-abstractnouns גְּאֻלָּת֔⁠וֹ 1 the right of redemption If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **redemption**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “the right to redeem it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 25 30 h32c figs-activepassive 0 If the house is not redeemed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If he or his family does not redeem the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 30 c7lq figs-activepassive 0 It is not to be returned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The man who bought that house will not have to return it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 30 z5l8 0 the year of Jubilee Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and free slaves” @@ -1231,13 +1259,14 @@ LEV 25 44 wz9f 0 you may buy slaves from them Alternate translation: “you ma LEV 25 48 u2as figs-activepassive 0 after your fellow Israelite has been bought, he may be bought back. Someone in his family may redeem him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite’s family may buy him back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 50 c6m4 0 until the year of Jubilee An Israelite could be a slave only until the year of Jubilee. These instructions are for when an Israelite wanted to buy back his freedom before the year of Jubilee. LEV 25 50 fa22 0 the year of Jubilee Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and to free slaves” -LEV 25 50 atu9 figs-activepassive 0 The price of his redemption must be figured The verb “figured” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must figure the price of his redemption” or “They must figure how much to pay for the foreigner to set the Israelite free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 25 50 cqg2 figs-activepassive 0 in keeping with the rate paid to a hired servant If the Israelite bought back his freedom, the foreigner would have to hire a servant to do the work that the Israelite would have done but will not. The verbs “paid” and “hired” can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the rate a person would pay to hire a servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 25 50 atu9 figs-activepassive 0 The price of his redemption must be figured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must figure the price of his redemption” or “They must figure how much to pay for the foreigner to set the Israelite free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 25 50 cqg2 figs-activepassive 0 in keeping with the rate paid to a hired servant If the Israelite bought back his freedom, the foreigner would have to hire a servant to do the work that the Israelite would have done but will not. If your language does not use the passive verbs **paid** and **hired** in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the rate a person would pay to hire a servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 50 twu2 0 for the number of years he might continue to work Alternate translation: “for the number of years until the jubilee that the Israelite would have continued to work but will not” LEV 25 51 iq2q 0 he must pay back Alternate translation: “the Israelite slave must pay back” LEV 25 53 g8n2 figs-activepassive 0 He is to be treated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The foreigner who bought him as a slave must treat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 25 53 v7sk figs-activepassive 0 he is not treated with harshness If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one treats him badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 25 54 yn4a figs-activepassive 0 If he is not redeemed by these means If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, and who he is to be redeemed from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means from the one who bought him as a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LEV 25 54 yn4a figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 And if he is not redeemed by these If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 25 54 lr8h figs-explicit וְ⁠אִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 And if he is not redeemed by these You can state explicitly who he is to be redeemed from. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means from the one who bought him as a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 25 54 u2vz 0 by these means Alternate translation: “in this way” LEV 25 54 e1ni 0 he must serve until the year of Jubilee, he and his children with him The Israelite slave and his children would serve the foreigner until the year of Jubilee, and then the foreigner would have to set the Israelite and his children free. LEV 25 55 g12z 0 To me the people of Israel are servants This is the reason that God wanted the Israelites to be set free in the year of jubilee. They were his servants. They were not permitted to be anyone else’s permanent slave. Alternate translation: “For it is to me that the people of Israel are servants” @@ -1246,10 +1275,11 @@ LEV 26 1 cd19 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the p LEV 26 2 rh4n 0 keep my Sabbaths Alternate translation: “obey the rules for my Sabbaths” LEV 26 3 wkx2 figs-parallelism 0 walk in my laws and keep my commandments and obey them These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything that God commands them to do. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey my laws and commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LEV 26 3 kv48 figs-metaphor 0 walk in my laws Behaving according to the laws is spoken of as if they were to walk in the laws. Alternate translation: “If you behave according to my laws” or “if you live according to my laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 26 5 t78x figs-synecdoche 0 will eat your bread to the full Here bread represents food. “To the full” means until their stomachs were full of food. Alternate translation: “will eat food until you are full” or “will have plenty of food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +LEV 26 5 t78x figs-synecdoche וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְ⁠כֶם֙ לָ⁠שֹׂ֔בַע 1 And you will eat your bread to satisfaction Here **bread** represents food. Alternate translation: “will eat your food to satisfaction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +LEV 26 5 unad figs-abstractnouns וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְ⁠כֶם֙ לָ⁠שֹׂ֔בַע 1 And you will eat your bread to satisfaction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **satisfaction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And you will eat food until you are satisfied” or “And you will have plenty of food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 26 6 m5jk 0 I will give peace in the land Alternate translation: “I will cause there to be peace in the land” LEV 26 6 s3gb figs-metonymy 0 the sword will not pass through your land Here the word “sword” represents enemy armies or enemy attacks. Alternate translation: “no armies will attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LEV 26 7 xxd1 figs-activepassive 0 they will fall before you by the sword Here “falling” represents dying, and “the sword” represents either attacking people with a sword or battle in general. Alternate translation: “they will die when you attack them with the sword” or “you will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 26 7 xxd1 figs-metonymy 0 they will fall before you by the sword Here “falling” represents dying, and “the sword” represents either attacking people with a sword or battle in general. Alternate translation: “they will die when you attack them with the sword” or “you will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 26 8 nd6t 0 Five of you will chase away a hundred, and a hundred of you will chase ten thousand This means the Israelites will have victory against larger armies. LEV 26 8 hvk7 translate-numbers 0 Five … hundred … ten thousand Alternate translation: “5…100…10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LEV 26 9 p7zz 0 I will look at you with favor Alternate translation: “I will show you favor” or “I will bless you” @@ -1270,12 +1300,12 @@ LEV 26 17 q4fp figs-activepassive 0 you will be overpowered by your enemies If LEV 26 18 kng3 figs-idiom 0 seven times Here “seven times” is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LEV 26 19 q54p figs-metaphor 0 I will break your pride in your power Using force to cause them not to be proud is spoken of as if he were to break their pride. Alternate translation: “I will punish you and so end the pride that you feel about your power” or “I will punish you so that you will no longer be proud of your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 26 19 wsq1 figs-simile 0 I will make the sky over you like iron and your land like bronze This means God will stop the rain from falling from the sky. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -LEV 26 20 j47f figs-metaphor 0 Your strength will be used up for nothing Working very hard is spoken of as if they were to use all their strength until they had no more strength. The phrase “for nothing” means that they would get nothing from working so hard. Alternate translation: “You will work very hard in vain” or “You will work very hard, but you will not receive anything good from working so hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +LEV 26 20 j47f figs-metaphor וְ⁠תַ֥ם לָ⁠רִ֖יק כֹּחֲ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 And your strength will be used up for nothing Working very hard is spoken of as if they were to use all their **strength** until they had no more strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LEV 26 20 c0hd figs-idiom וְ⁠תַ֥ם לָ⁠רִ֖יק כֹּחֲ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 And your strength will be used up for nothing The phrase **for nothing** means that they would get nothing from working so hard. Alternate translation: “You will work very hard in vain” or “You will work very hard, but you will not receive anything good from working so hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LEV 26 21 fy3n figs-metaphor 0 walk against me Walking represents behavior. Walking against God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. Alternate translation: “rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 26 21 cha5 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will bring seven times more blows on you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blows**, you could express the same idea with the verb “hit.” Alternate translation: “I will hit you seven times as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 26 21 mar9 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring seven times more blows on you Yahweh causing disasters to happen to the Israelites is spoken of as if he would strike them with blows or hit them. Alternate translation: “I will cause seven times as many disasters to come against you” or “I will punish you seven times more severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 26 21 tp4i figs-idiom 0 seven times Here “seven times” is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -LEV 26 21 uyk7 figs-abstractnouns 0 in proportion to your sins The noun “sins” can be expressed with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “according to how much you have sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 26 21 uyk7 figs-abstractnouns כְּ⁠חַטֹּאתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 in proportion to your sins If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sins**, you could express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “according to how much you have sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 26 22 lgr8 figs-metaphor 0 which will steal your children Stealing represents attacking or attacking and dragging them away. Alternate translation: “which will attack your children” or “which will drag your children away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 26 22 qpn6 0 So your roads will become deserted Deserted means that there is no one there. Alternate translation: “So no one will travel on your roads” LEV 26 23 u17j 0 If in spite of these things Alternate translation: “If when I punish you like this” or “If I discipline you like this and” @@ -1283,12 +1313,13 @@ LEV 26 23 a4z5 figs-metaphor 0 you still do not accept my correction Accepting LEV 26 23 l9uu figs-metaphor 0 walk in opposition to me Walking represents behavior. Walking in opposition to him means opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “oppose me” or “fight against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 26 24 v5bm figs-metaphor 0 I will also walk in opposition to you Walking represents behavior. Walking in opposition to them means opposing them or fighting against them. Alternate translation: “I also will oppose you” or “I also will fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 26 24 e1h9 0 I myself will punish you seven times The number 7 represents completeness. Alternate translation: “I will personally punish you many times” or “I myself will punish you most severely” -LEV 26 24 rqi5 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of your sins The noun “sins” can be expressed with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “because you continue to sin against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +LEV 26 24 rqi5 figs-abstractnouns עַל־ חַטֹּאתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 because of your sins If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sins**, you could express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “because you continue to sin against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LEV 26 25 ca56 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring a sword on you Here the word “sword” represents an army or an attack from an army. Alternate translation: “I will bring an enemy army against you” or “I will cause an enemy army to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 26 25 z45g 0 that will execute vengeance Alternate translation: “that will punish you” LEV 26 25 eix8 0 for breaking the covenant Alternate translation: “for disobeying the covenant” or “because you disobey the covenant” LEV 26 25 tfd5 figs-activepassive 0 You will be gathered together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will gather together” or “You will hide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 26 25 y2qp figs-metonymy 0 you will be delivered into the hand of your enemy Here “into the hand” means “into the control” and refers to defeat by their enemy. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will deliver you into the hand of your enemy” or “I will allow your enemy to control you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 26 25 y2qp figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּ⁠יַד־ אוֹיֵֽב 1 and you will be given into the hand of the one who is hostile Here “into the hand” means “into the control” and refers to defeat by their enemy. Alternate translation: “and you will be place under the control of your enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 26 25 pytz figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּ⁠יַד־ אוֹיֵֽב 1 and you will be given into the hand of the one who is hostile If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will deliver you into the hand of your enemy” or “I will allow your enemy to control you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 26 26 c11s figs-metaphor 0 When I cut off your food supply Destroying the food that people have stored or stopping people from being able to get it is spoken of as cutting off the supply of food. Alternate translation: “When I destroy the food you have stored” or “When I stop you from being able to get food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 26 26 nw44 0 ten women will be able to bake your bread in one oven This implies that there will be so little flour that one small oven will be able to hold all the bread that many women can put into it. LEV 26 26 jm66 0 they will distribute your bread by weight This means there will be so little food that they will have to measure how much each person gets. @@ -1319,12 +1350,12 @@ LEV 26 40 dys3 figs-metonymy 0 their fathers’ sin The word “fathers” repr LEV 26 40 bz79 0 their treason by which they were unfaithful to me Alternate translation: “the way that they were unfaithful to me and tuned against me after I had been so good to them” LEV 26 41 n8ms figs-metaphor 0 to turn against them This represents opposing them. Alternate translation: “to oppose them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 26 41 u7i8 figs-synecdoche 0 if their uncircumcised hearts become humbled Here the term “uncircumcised hearts” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -LEV 26 42 zpa2 figs-idiom 0 then will I call to mind my covenant with Jacob, my covenant with Isaac, and my covenant with Abraham Here, **Call to mind** is an idiom meaning “intentionally remember.” Here it represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LEV 26 42 r2ih figs-idiom 0 I will call the land to mind Here, **Call to mind** is an idiom meaning “intentionally remember.” Here it represents fulfilling his promise concerning the land. Alternate translation: “I will fulfill my promise about the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 26 42 zpa2 figs-metonymy וְ⁠זָכַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־ בְּרִיתִ֣⁠י יַעֲק֑וֹב 1 then I will remember my covenant with Jacob Here, **remember** represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 26 42 r2ih figs-metonymy וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ אֶזְכֹּֽר 1 And I will remember the land Here, **remember** represents fulfilling his promise concerning the land. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my promise about the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 26 43 u8qp figs-activepassive 0 The land will be abandoned by them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will abandon their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 26 43 cad8 figs-personification 0 so it will be pleased with its Sabbaths Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who is happy about resting, because no one will be planting seed or growing crops on it. This will allow the land to become more fertile. Alternate translation: “so it will benefit from the Sabbaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LEV 26 44 i5np 0 General Information: This concludes Yahweh’s message to Moses at Mount Sinai regarding the blessings for obedience and the punishments for disobedience. -LEV 26 45 x7p9 figs-idiom 0 I will call to mind the covenant with their ancestors Here, **Call to mind** is an idiom meaning “intentionally remember.” Here it represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “I will fulfill the covenant with their ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 26 45 x7p9 figs-metonymy וְ⁠זָכַרְתִּ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים 1 And I will remember for their sake the covenant with their ancestors Here, **remember** represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my covenant with their ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 26 45 b2vu figs-metonymy 0 in the sight of the nations This represents the knowledge of the nations. Alternate translation: “in the knowledge of the nations” or “and the nations knew about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 26 45 js1r figs-metonymy 0 the nations This represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 27 intro u6u9 0 # Leviticus 27 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Dedicated to Yahweh

This chapter records the manner in which people make vows of dedication to Yahweh. There are many reasons why a person would dedicate something to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) @@ -1355,7 +1386,7 @@ LEV 27 13 f9my 0 wishes to redeem it Alternate translation: “wishes to buy i LEV 27 15 ugc7 translate-fraction 0 he must add a fifth of its value to its redemption price A “fifth” is a part of something that is divided into five equal parts. Alternate translation: “he must divide the value of the house into five equal parts, add the amount equal to one of those parts, and pay all of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) LEV 27 16 l7we figs-metonymy 0 a homer of barley will be valued at Here “a homer of barley” represents a piece of land that would need one homer of barley in order to plant on all of it. Alternate translation: “a piece of land that requires one homer of barley in order to plant all of it will be valued at” or ‘the value of land that requires one homer of barley will be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 27 16 ub6b translate-bvolume 0 homer A homer is 220 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -LEV 27 16 pve5 translate-bweight 0 fifty shekels of silver If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two way of doing it. Alternate translation: “fifty pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “five hundred grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +LEV 27 16 pve5 translate-bweight בַּ⁠חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף 1 for fifty shekels of silver If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two way of doing it. Alternate translation: “50 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “500 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) LEV 27 17 b2qb 0 the year of Jubilee This occurs every 50 years. See how you translated “Jubilee” in [Leviticus 25:10](../25/10.md). LEV 27 17 wa1x figs-metaphor 0 the valuation of it will stand Here, **Stand** represents “remain” or “remain the same.” Alternate translation: “its value will remain the same” or “its value will be the full amount” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 27 18 as3z figs-activepassive 0 the valuation of it must be reduced If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must reduce the estimated value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1368,7 +1399,7 @@ LEV 27 24 dd64 figs-activepassive 0 the man from whom it was bought If your lan LEV 27 25 kd47 figs-activepassive 0 All the valuations must be set If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priests must determine the estimated values” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 27 25 sj13 translate-bweight 0 by the weight of the sanctuary shekel There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) LEV 27 25 y6zj translate-bweight 0 Twenty gerahs must be the equivalent of one shekel The purpose of this sentence is to tell how much the sanctuary shekel weighs. The gerah was the smallest unit of weight that the Israelites used. Alternate translation: “One shekel must equal twenty gerahs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) -LEV 27 25 b3gq translate-numbers 0 Twenty gerahs must be the equivalent of one shekel If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here is a way to do it. Alternate translation: “One shekel must weigh ten grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) +LEV 27 25 b3gq translate-bweight עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַ⁠שָּֽׁקֶל 1 20 gerahs must be the shekel If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here is a way to do it. Alternate translation: “one shekel must weigh ten grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) LEV 27 26 pji9 0 No one may set apart Alternate translation: “No one may set apart to Yahweh” LEV 27 27 snk3 figs-activepassive 0 a fifth must be added to that value If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must add a fifth to that value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 27 27 ng2y figs-activepassive 0 If the animal is not redeemed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If the person does not buy back the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])