diff --git a/tn_HAG.tsv b/tn_HAG.tsv index d60be3bffd..6bcb9ac07f 100644 --- a/tn_HAG.tsv +++ b/tn_HAG.tsv @@ -1,125 +1,155 @@ Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note -front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Haggai\n\n1. The people must finish the temple for Yahweh to bless them again (1:1–15)\n2. This temple will be more glorious than the first temple (2:1–9)\n3. Yahweh will bless a defiled people (2:10–19)\n4. Yahweh will defeat the nations and establish his ruler (2:20–23)\n\n### What is the book of Haggai about?\n\nThe people of Israel lacked necessary things like food and warm clothes. The prophet Haggai told them that they lacked such things because they were not obeying Yahweh. If the people of Israel would listen to Yahweh and start rebuilding the temple, then Yahweh would send rain and bless them again. The people listened and began to work on the temple. Yahweh encouraged the people, the priests, and the leaders. Yahweh told them that he was with them and would bless them when they would build the temple.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Haggai” or “The Book of Haggai.” Translators may decide to call it simply: “The Sayings of Haggai” or “The Prophecies of Haggai.” \n\n### Who wrote the book of Haggai and when?\n\nThe prophet Haggai wrote this short book of two chapters. Haggai wrote this book after the exiles returned from Babylon. The exiles returned during the reign of the Persian king, Darius the first. We do not know very much about the prophet Haggai. However, we know that the prophets Haggai and Zechariah lived at the same time. Both Haggai and Zechariah are mentioned in Ezra 5:1 and 6:14. Ezra 5:1 and 6:14 indicate that Haggai and Zechariah lived and prophesied together for the sake of the people of Israel that had returned from exile. Thus readers can use Haggai to interpret Zechariah, and they can use Zechariah to interpret Haggai.\n\nHaggai 1:1 indicates that Haggai began his prophetic ministry during the sixth month of Darius’s second year, which was sometime between August and September of 520 B.C. According to Haggai 1:1, Haggai started to prophesy on the first day of the sixth month, which is probably the 29th of August in the year 520 B.C. But in contrast, Haggai 2:10 states that the last prophecies of Haggai occurred on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of the same year of Darius’ reign in Persia. The twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of the second year of Darius’ reign would be approximately in the middle of December of 520 B.C. Therefore, Haggai only prophesied to the people of Israel for a brief, roughly four-month period of time. When Haggai prophesied, the nation of Israel had no ruler or king of her own by whom to date Haggai’s prophecies. Thus, Haggai had to date his prophecies by the reign of Darius, king of Persia and suzerain of Judah. Much of our current knowledge about Darius the first comes from the famous Behistun Inscription. Haggai dates his prophecies by the reign of a pagan, Persian king to indicate that Jesus’ words of Luke 21:24, the “time of the Gentiles,” were now the state of things for the people of Israel.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Did Haggai prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah?\n\nHaggai prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. Both Haggai and Zechariah are mentioned in Ezra 5:1 and 6:14.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What does “consider your ways” mean?\n\nYahweh, through the prophecies of Haggai, told the people to “consider your ways” several times in this book. This means that he wants them to think carefully about how they have lived and behaved. For example, see the translation notes for verses 1:5 and 1:7 provided here.\n\n**Set your heart to examine your ways** means that God wants the people of Israel to consider their ways or to think carefully about their behavior. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Consider your ways” or “Think carefully about your ways" or “Set your heart to examine your behavior” rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom -1:intro n84r 1 # Haggai 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Farming imagery\n\nHaggai’s prophecies use the imagery of farming in reference to spiritual matters. For example, Haggai 1:6 indicates that the people of Israel had done a great amount of work, but they had very little to show for all of their effort. Thus, the lack of blessing from Yahweh indicates that the people of Israel needed to repent and build the temple.\n\n**Set your heart to examine your ways** means that God wishes the people of Israel to consider their ways or to think carefully about their behavior. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Consider your ways” or “Think carefully about your ways” or “Set your heart to examine your behavior” rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom\n\nThe words **Darius**, **Haggai**, **Zerubbabel**, **Shealtiel**, **Joshua**, and **Jehozadak** are the names of men. rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names\n\nOften, throughout the book of Haggai, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person -1:1 mbyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֤ת שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ לְ⁠דָרְיָ֣וֶשׁ הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 The prophet Haggai assumes that his readers will understand that by **the second year** he means the second year of the reign of Darius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “In the second year of the reign of King Darius” -1:1 qt5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֤ת שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ & בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֔י & בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “In year two of ... on day one of month six” -1:1 ha87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠דָרְיָ֣וֶשׁ & חַגַּ֣י & זְרֻבָּבֶ֤ל & שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל֙ & יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ & יְהוֹצָדָ֛ק 1 The words **Darius**, **Haggai**, **Zerubbabel**, **Shealtiel**, **Joshua**, and **Jehozadak** are the names of men. -1:1 y3ei rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 The **sixth** month of the Hebrew calendar includes August and September on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.\n -1:1 ria7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֜ה בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֗יא 1 Here, **the word of Yahweh came by the hand of Haggai the prophet** is an idiom to introduce a special message from God to the prophet Haggai. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Haggai the prophet” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Haggai the prophet” -1:1 wn8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֗יא 1 Haggai is using **hand** to represent the prophet Haggai. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through Haggai the prophet” -1:2 cav8 הָ⁠עָ֤ם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ 1 **These people** refers to the people of Israel who had returned from Babylon to Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this plain in the translation. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Israelites” -1:3 xs12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֥י 1 See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -1:3 wk3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֥י הַ⁠נָּבִ֖יא 1 See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -1:4 ms19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠עֵ֤ת לָ⁠כֶם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם לָ⁠שֶׁ֖בֶת בְּ⁠בָתֵּי⁠כֶ֣ם סְפוּנִ֑ים וְ⁠הַ⁠בַּ֥יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה חָרֵֽב 1 Yahweh is rebuking the people by using a question form that expects a negative answer. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Now is not the time for you yourselves to live in your covered houses, while this house lies ruined.” -1:4 uga1 סְפוּנִ֑ים 1 Here, **covered** means “paneled” or “roofed.” Scholars are not sure of the exact meaning, but **covered** most likely has the meaning of “roofed.” -1:4 u9tf וְ⁠הַ⁠בַּ֥יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “while the temple of Yahweh” -1:4 raz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָרֵֽב 1 Here, **ruined** means “uncovered” or “without a roof.” Scholars are not sure of the exact meaning, but **ruined** most likely has the meaning of “uncovered.” -1:5 i8x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 **Set your heart to examine your ways** means that God wishes the people of Israel to make the decision to consider their ways or to think carefully about their behavior. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Choose to consider your ways” or “Resolve to think carefully about your ways” or “Purpose to examine your behavior” -1:6 rma3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠שָׁכְרָ֔ה 1 Here, the clause **but cannot get drunk** means that there is not enough wine to satisfy the people’s thirst. In other words, there is not nearly enough wine for the people of Israel to drink and then be drunk. The reader should understand that the text is not stating that drunkenness is a good thing. Alternate translation: “but do not become inebriated” -1:6 aw8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶל־צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 Here, **only to put it into a bag full of holes** figuratively refers to not earn enough money to buy necessary goods upon which to live. Thus, the concept of not having sufficient money to live is spoken of as if the person were losing the money that falls out through holes in the money bag. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “only to lose it from a bag full of holes” or “only to have it disappear” -1:7 u8ra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:5](../01/05.md). -1:8 qmi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵ֖ץ 1 Haggai is using **timber** to represent only a part of what the people of Israel needed to build the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: ”lumber” or ”wood” -1:8 uu95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ו⁠אכבד 1 Here, **and I will be glorified** means that God would place his glorious presence or his splendor in the temple. Alternate translation: “and I will glorify myself” or “and I will come glorified” “and I will appear glorified” -1:9 yx8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה 1 The author is using the phrase **but behold** to focus the reader’s attention on what he is about to state. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “but look” or “but listen” or “but pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -1:9 eb3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָפַ֣חְתִּי ב֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **I blew it away** means that God removed the harvest and crops that the people of Israel expected to eat.. The people of Israel are not able to find their harvest or crops. Thus, the author describes the lack of crops as though the people of Israel were looking for crops, but Yahweh had blown them away like dust. Alternate translation: “I took it from you” or “I caused it to disappear” -1:9 wsac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion יַ֣עַן מֶ֗ה 1 Haggai is using the question form to supply the assumed answer. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You know why I did this!” or “You know why, do you not?” -1:9 g652 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” -1:9 u00a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָרֵ֔ב 1 See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:4](../01/04.md). -1:9 vl6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַתֶּ֥ם רָצִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ לְ⁠בֵיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **while every one of you runs to his own house** means that the people of Israel only were concerned about their own homes and not about the house of God. The people of Israel only worked on their own houses, but they did not build God’s house. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “while you each worry about your own house” or “while all of you think about your own houses” or “while each one of you builds his own house” -1:10 suc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כָּלְא֥וּ שָמַ֖יִם מִ⁠טָּ֑ל 1 Haggai uses **the heavens withhold the dew** to describe a lack of water coming to the land as dew in the morning. The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refuses to give a present, or as a parent who refused to feed his child. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the heavens do not give any dew” or “no dew forms” or “the heavens withhold water in the morning” -1:10 zjm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠טָּ֑ל 1 Here, **the dew** refers to moisture on the crops and plants that only comes in the morning before the sun evaporates the water. Thus, **dew** was an important source of water for the crops and plants in the rainless summer months of the land of Israel. The translator should retain the term **dew** or find a more general term for moisture or water that is not directly from rain falling from the sky. Alternate translation: “water in the morning” or “moisture in the morning” -1:10 khqc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ כָּלְאָ֥ה יְבוּלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Haggai uses **the earth withholds its produce** to describe a lack of crops and harvest for the people of Israel. The author speaks of **the earth** as if it were a person who could not give the people produce or crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the earth does not give its produce” or “the earth withholds its crops” -1:11 a7ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany עַל־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ וְ⁠עַל־הֶ⁠הָרִ֗ים וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר וְ⁠עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹצִ֖יא הָ⁠אֲדָמָ֑ה וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְ⁠עַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם 1 Haggai uses a repetitive series of clauses here and in the next verse to show the comprehensive nature of the things that the drought affects. This repetitive style of speaking or writing is called a “litany.” Use a form in your language that someone would use to list a series of reasons for something. Alternate translation: “upon all the land, and upon all the crops, and upon every living thing, and upon all your labor”\n\n -1:11 v7pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר 1 Here, **new wine** and **oil** represent grapes and olives, or the natural produce and crops before they are changed to their products for humans to eat or use. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and upon the grapes, upon the olives” -1:11 ird4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠עַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” Alternate translation: “everything you have worked to make” or “the results of your work” -1:11 zygf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כַּפָּֽיִם 1 Here, **your hands** represent the labor of each person among the people of Israel. The labor that the hands perform means the things that the labor produces. The hand represents the person. Alternate translation: “your effort” or “your work” -1:12 c4he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֣ע & בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י 1 The expression **Then … obeyed the voice** describes the idea of obeying or heeding the message of someone. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then … obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” or “Then … listened to Yahweh and Haggai” -1:12 e9sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֥וּ הָ⁠עָ֖ם מִ⁠פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 This clause could mean: (1) the face could represent the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could represent the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “and the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” -1:13 dtj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md).\nAlternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” -1:14 n1e7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יָּ֣עַר יְהוָ֡ה אֶת־רוּחַ֩ 1 Here, **So Yahweh stirred up the spirit of** is an idiom that means that God made the people want to rebuild the temple. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh moved the heart of” or “Yahweh inspired” -1:14 d0sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל & שַׁלְתִּיאֵ֜ל & יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ & יְהוֹצָדָק֙ 1 See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Make sure you translate these names consistently throughout this book. -1:15 vp6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠י֨וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ בַּ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 Haggai describes a time just 23 days after he received the vision. The **sixth** month of the Hebrew calendar includes August and September on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar. See how you translated the month number in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -1:15 cx2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠י֨וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ בַּ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְ⁠דָרְיָ֥וֶשׁ הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 See how you translated the numbers in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “In year two of ... on day 24 of month six” -2:intro ieh7 1 # Haggai 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. \n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Unclean\n\nHaggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor\n\nThe words **Darius**, **Haggai**, **Zerubbabel**, **Shealtiel**, **Joshua**, and **Jehozadak** are the names of men. rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names\n\nOften, throughout the book of Haggai, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person -2:1 v31v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֕י בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 This is the **seventh** month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-first day of the **seventh** month is near the middle of October on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar. See how you translated the month number in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -2:1 bul6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֕י בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 See how you translated the numbers in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “On day 21 of month seven” -2:1 fm14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָיָה֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֥י 1 See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). \n -2:1 t1us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֥י הַ⁠נָּבִ֖יא 1 The author is using **hand** to represent the activity of the prophet Haggai. See how you translated this expression in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through Haggai the prophet” -2:2 q56p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names זְרֻבָּבֶ֤ל & שַׁלְתִּיאֵל֙ & יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ & יְהוֹצָדָ֖ק 1 See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -2:3 m1jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 Yahweh speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. He is telling those who had seen the former temple to pay attention. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I want those among you who saw this house in its former glory to pay attention.” -2:3 a63w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **its former glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how glorious it was” or “how splendorous it was” -2:3 x5q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מָ֨ה אַתֶּ֜ם רֹאִ֤ים אֹת⁠וֹ֙ עַ֔תָּה 1 Yahweh is telling the people of Israel that he knows what they are thinking about the new temple. He speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know what you think of this new temple.” -2:3 tsx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ כְּ⁠אַ֖יִן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Yahweh is telling the people of Israel that he understands that they are disappointed because the new temple is so small. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you think it is not important at all.” -2:4 y2v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חֲזַ֣ק & וַ⁠חֲזַ֣ק & וַ⁠חֲזַ֨ק 1 Here, **be strong** is an idiom that means one must overcome one’s fears with courage and act with bravery. Essentially, the imperative means to be brave and work with courage. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be brave” … “and be courageous” … “and act bravely” -2:4 x8wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻם־יְהוָ֡ה 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” -2:5 s0xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠רוּחִ֖⁠י עֹמֶ֣דֶת בְּ⁠תוֹכְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, **and my Spirit remains in your midst** is an idiom meaning that God favors or will help the people of Israel to rebuild the temple and live in the land of Israel. The idiom encourages the people of Israel by expressing the idea of support and favor from God. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my Spirit will protect you” or “and my Spirit will help you” or “and my Spirit will go with you” -2:5 xwza rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תִּירָֽאוּ 1 **Do not fear** means one must overcome one’s fears with courage, and act with bravery. Essentially, the phrase means to be brave and work with courage. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Be brave ” or “Be courageous” -2:6 e2qq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ע֥וֹד אַחַ֖ת & וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י מַרְעִישׁ֙ 1 Yahweh is using the phrase “I will once again shake” to represent the idea of an earthquake. Earthquakes often symbolized Yahweh’s supernatural intervention in history, such as in the final time of God’s judgment. Yahweh speaks of the sky and the earth as if they were solid objects that he could shake in an earthquake. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will again cause earthquake to jar”\n -2:6 ehw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יָּ֖ם וְ⁠אֶת־הֶ⁠חָרָבָֽה 1 Here, the words **heavens**, **earth**, **sea**, and **dry land** are referring to all of creation by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of God’s creation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of creation” or “every part of creation” -2:7 yfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִרְעַשְׁתִּי֙ 1 Yahweh is using the phrase “I will shake” to represent the idea of an earthquake. Earthquakes often symbolized Yahweh’s supernatural intervention in history, such as in the final time of God’s judgment. Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were solid objects that he could shake. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will cause an earthquake to upset” -2:7 nmi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֶמְדַּ֣ת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **precious things**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “with things people value” or “with items people desire ” -2:7 u8qx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מִלֵּאתִ֞י אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֤יִת הַ⁠זֶּה֙ כָּב֔וֹד 1 Yahweh speaks of **glory** as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, in this case, the temple. This metaphor could mean: (1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or (2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” -2:7 kpek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כָּב֔וֹד 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you translated **glory** in [Haggai 2:03](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “with glorious majesty” or “with splendorous majesty” or “with glorious nature” -2:8 f56d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this phrase in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” -2:9 s4di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כְּבוֹד֩ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you translated **glory** in [Haggai 2:03](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “The glorious majesty” or “The splendorous majesty” or “The glorious nature” -2:9 uhag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶתֵּ֣ן שָׁל֔וֹם 1 Here, **I will give peace** is an idiom that means “I will cause peace to happen.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will grant peace” or “I will allow peace” -2:9 vyq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שָׁל֔וֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “prosperity” or "well being” or "good welfare” -2:10 wc9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י 1 This is the **ninth** month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day of the **ninth** month is near the middle of December on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar. See how you translated the month number in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -2:10 if92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְ⁠דָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ 1 See how you translated the numbers in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “On day 24 of month nine in year two of Darius” -2:10 i4py rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠דָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ & חַגַּ֥י 1 See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -2:10 s26v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָיָה֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה 1 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yahweh spoke this message”\n -2:11 t7n0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שְׁאַל־נָ֧א אֶת־הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֛ים תּוֹרָ֖ה לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Even if your language does not customarily put one direct quotation inside another, it would be good to present this quotation as a direct quotation. You may be able to indicate its beginning with an opening second-level quotation mark or with some other punctuation or convention that your language could use to indicate the start of a second-level quotation. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off the quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts says to ask the priests concerning the law, and say” -2:12 xeqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּשַׂר־קֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 Here, **meat that is set apart to Yahweh** is an idiom that means “holy meat” or “sacred meat.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “meat that is holy to Yahweh” or “meat that is sacred to Yahweh” -2:12 x84u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בִּ⁠כְנַ֣ף & בִּ֠⁠כְנָפ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **the fold** is an idiom that means “a crease.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the crease … the crease” -2:12 vx79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וַ⁠יַּעֲנ֧וּ הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֛ים וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹֽא 1 Haggai is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The priests answered and said, ’No, the food does not become holy.’” -2:13 bg3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Here, **someone who is unclean by contact with a dead body** is an idiom that means “someone who has become ritually impure by touching a dead body.” If the Israelites touched something “unclean,” such as a dead body in [Numbers 19:13](../Num/19/13.md), then they themselves would be considered unclean for a certain period of time. To be unclean meant to be ritually impure or, simply put, that one could not participate in the public worship of God for a temporary period of time. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “someone who is ritually impure by contact with a dead body” or “someone who is unable to publicly worship due to contact with a dead body” -2:14 dv6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כֵּ֣ן הָֽ⁠עָם־הַ֠⁠זֶּה וְ⁠כֵן־הַ⁠גּ֨וֹי הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה לְ⁠פָנַ⁠י֙ 1 **So it is with this people and this nation before me** is an idiom that means “The same principle applies to this people and this nation in my perspective.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So the same thing applies to this people and this nation before me” or “So is the case also with this people and this nation before me” -2:14 ua4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” -2:14 l3ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 Here, **every work done by their hands** means “all their agricultural work” or “all their agricultural products.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is with every work they produce” or “it is with any thing they do with their hands” -2:14 nybp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֛יבוּ שָׁ֖ם 1 By there, Haggai means the altar at the temple. You can say that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: "What they offer on the altar at the temple" -2:15 zlfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִֽׂימוּ־נָ֣א לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [Haggai 1:5](../01/05.md). -2:15 l2sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive שֽׂוּם־אֶ֛בֶן אֶל־אֶ֖בֶן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you placed stone upon stone” -2:15 r7pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche שֽׂוּם־אֶ֛בֶן אֶל־אֶ֖בֶן 1 Paul is using one part of the building process to represent the process of building in its entirety. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you began construction” or “you started work”\n -2:16 bguu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִֽ⁠הְיוֹתָ֥⁠ם בָּא֙ אֶל־עֲרֵמַ֣ת 1 **From that time when you came to a heap ** is an idiom that means: “How did you fare?” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Look what has happened to you up to now!” or “Have you recalled what life was like in the past?” -2:16 a1et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲרֵמַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים 1 Haggai assumes that his readers will understand that **a heap of 20 measures** refers to a grain or a similar food of some type. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a stack of 20 measures of grain” or “a pile of 20 measures of wheat” or “a mound of 20 measures of food” -2:16 zx3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֶשְׂרִ֔ים 1 Here, **20 measures of grain** are measurements of volume of unspecified and unknown amounts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent expression for a particular measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “20 handfuls of grain” or “20 baskets of grain” or “20 bags of grain” -2:16 ply4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים 1 Here, **50 measures of wine** are measurements of volume equivalent to unknown amounts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent expression for an unknown measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “50 cups of wine” or “50 jugs of wine” or “50 jars of wine” -2:16 oc2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים 1 Haggai assumes that his readers will understand that **50 measures of wine** refers to wine. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “50 wine cups” or “50 wine vessels” or “50 wine jars” -2:17 xyl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations הִכֵּ֨יתִי אֶתְ⁠כֶ֜ם בַּ⁠שִּׁדָּפ֤וֹן וּ⁠בַ⁠יֵּֽרָקוֹן֙ 1 Here Haggai quotes from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from the first four words of [Amos 4:9](../04/09.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. -2:17 p7cx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, **every work done by your hands** is an idiom that means “all your agricultural work” or “all your agricultural products.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every work you produce” or “every product done by your hands” -2:17 grkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אֵין־אֶתְ⁠כֶ֥ם אֵלַ֖⁠י 1 Here, **but you still did not turn to me** is an idiom that means “yet you did not come back to me” or “but you did not look again at me.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but you still did not return to me” or “but you still did not look back at me” -2:17 bk6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” -2:18 n5ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂימוּ־נָ֣א לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Haggai 1:5](../01/05.md). -2:18 zyq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths מִ⁠יּוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֗י 1 This is the **ninth** month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day of the **ninth** month is near the middle of December on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar. See how you translated the month number in [Haggai 2:10](../02/10.md). -2:18 b4ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal מִ⁠יּוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֗י 1 See how you translated the numbers in [Haggai 2:10](../02/10.md). If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “On day 24 of month nine” -2:18 pcm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִן־הַ⁠יּ֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יֻסַּ֥ד הֵֽיכַל־יְהוָ֖ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the day that you laid the foundation of the temple of Yahweh” or “from the day that you laid the foundation of Yahweh’s temple” -2:18 jsi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Haggai 1:5](../01/05.md). -2:19 mx58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠ע֤וֹד הַ⁠זֶּ֨רַע֙ בַּ⁠מְּגוּרָ֔ה 1 Haggai is using the question form to indicate a negative response or answer. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You can see that there is no seed in the storehouse.” -2:19 uk7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠זֶּ֨רַע֙ 1 Here, **seed** represents grain, the most common form of food, generally speaking, that people consumed in biblical times. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “grain seed” or “any food” or “any bread” -2:19 thk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠עַד־הַ⁠גֶּ֨פֶן וְ⁠הַ⁠תְּאֵנָ֧ה וְ⁠הָ⁠רִמּ֛וֹן וְ⁠עֵ֥ץ הַ⁠זַּ֖יִת לֹ֣א נָשָׂ֑א 1 Haggai is using the question form to indicate a negative response or answer. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Until now the vine, the fig, the pomegranate, and the olive tree do not produce.” or “Can you not see that the vine, the fig, the pomegranate, and the olive tree do not produce until now?” -2:19 ld7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠גֶּ֨פֶן וְ⁠הַ⁠תְּאֵנָ֧ה וְ⁠הָ⁠רִמּ֛וֹן וְ⁠עֵ֥ץ הַ⁠זַּ֖יִת 1 Here, **the vine**, **the fig**, **the pomegranate**, and **the olive tree** all collectively represent the food or produce that comes from common agriculture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your grape vines, fig trees, pomegranate shrubs, and olive trees” -2:19 g2gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָ⁠רִמּ֛וֹן 1 The pomegranate is a kind of fruit that has a thick, tough skin filled with many seeds that are covered with edible red pulp. This sweet fruit grows on trees or shrubs. You may need to make explicit that the tree or shrub is being mentioned. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the pomegranate tree” or “the pomegranate shrub" or “the pomegranate bush” -2:19 xz5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹ֣א נָשָׂ֑א 1 Here, **have not produced** is an idiom that literally means “have not borne fruit.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have not borne fruit” or “have not produced anything” or “have not yielded anything” -2:20 l5py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה 1 See how you translated a similar phrase in [Haggai 2:10](../02/10.md). -2:20 rru4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day of the ninth month is near the middle of December on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar. See how you translated the month number in [Haggai 2:10](../02/10.md). You may need to make explicit which month is mentioned. Alternate translation: “on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month” or “on the twenty-fourth day of the same month” -2:20 a3ho rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 See how you translated the numbers in [Haggai 2:10](../02/10.md). If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. You may need to make explicit which month is mentioned. Alternate translation: “on day 24 of month nine” or “on day 24 of the same month” -2:21 hexi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks אֱמֹ֕ר אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֥ל פַּֽחַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר אֲנִ֣י מַרְעִ֔ישׁ אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ׃ 1 Even if your language does not customarily put one direct quotation inside another, it would be good to present this quotation as a direct quotation. You may be able to indicate its beginning with an opening second-level quotation mark or with some other punctuation or convention that your language could use to indicate the start of a second-level quotation. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off the quotation. See how you translated similar second-level quotations in [Haggai 2:2](../02/02.md) and [Haggai 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternative translation: “This is the message that Haggai should say to Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah: ‘I am about to shake the heavens and the earth.‘” -2:21 w9i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲנִ֣י מַרְעִ֔ישׁ אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 See how you translated this metaphor and these ideas in [Haggai 2:6](../02/06.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will cause an earthquake” -2:21 fbc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 Here, the words **heavens** and **earth** are referring to all of creation by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of God’s creation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every part of creation” or “the whole universe” or “everything that exists” -2:22 ni5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הָֽפַכְתִּי֙ כִּסֵּ֣א מַמְלָכ֔וֹת 1 **For I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms** is an idiom that means “For I will take away the power of rulers ruling in every country.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For I will remove the power of kingdoms” or “For I will end the authority of kingdoms” or “For I will take kings off of their thrones” -2:22 sv3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּסֵּ֣א מַמְלָכ֔וֹת 1 Here, **the throne of kingdoms** represents the kings or the persons who sit on the thrones of kingdoms or nations. The **throne** refers to the kingly authority and power that a king has when ruling over a kingdom or nation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rule of kingdoms” or “the authority of kingdoms” or “the power of kingdoms” -2:22 gza6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֹ֖זֶק מַמְלְכ֣וֹת 1 Here, **the strength of the kingdoms** represents the kingly authority and power that the nations’ kings have when they rule. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rule of the kingdoms” or “the authority of the kingdoms” or “the power of the kingdoms” -2:22 wccb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֶרְכָּבָה֙ וְ⁠רֹ֣כְבֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Here, **the chariots and their riders** is literally: ”the chariot and its rider.” The expression **the chariots and their riders** represents the kingly authority and power that the nations have when they rule in the world. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the power of their armies” or “the power of their militaries” or “the strength of their armies” -2:22 jtdf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism וְ⁠הָפַכְתִּ֤י מֶרְכָּבָה֙ וְ⁠רֹ֣כְבֶ֔י⁠הָ וְ⁠יָרְד֤וּ סוּסִים֙ וְ⁠רֹ֣כְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 Yahweh is using two components of an army, its chariot teams (the chariots and their riders) and its cavalry troops (the horses and their riders), to mean the entire army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy the entire army” -2:22 js5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠חֶ֥רֶב 1 Here, **the sword** represents a violent death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by the violent act of” or “by the violence of” -2:23 p75j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻם־יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֡וֹת 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” -2:23 p3ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל & שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֤ל 1 See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). -2:23 itg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” -2:23 h7nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ⁠שַׂמְתִּ֖י⁠ךָ כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָ֑ם 1 Yahweh is saying that Zerubbabel will be like **a signet ring** because he, as king of Israel, would represent Yahweh in some official way, such as a symbol of the king’s royal authority and power represents the king. A **signet ring** is a ring worn by a king that is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it. A **signet ring** was used to imprint melted wax and seal an official document, such as a letter, for a king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will make you like my official signature” or “I will make you like my royal seal” or “I will make you like a symbol that represents me” -2:23 t8m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָ֑ם 1 Here, **a signet ring** represents the royal authority or official power of a king. Kings used a signet ring to seal documents to show that they truly had his authority and approval. Yahweh promises to use Zerubbabel like **a signet ring** to indicate his royal authority and official power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like an official symbol” or “like an official seal” or “like a royal signature” -2:23 fdzh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” - fdv5 - hre1 - l2sj - iax3 - q5p8 +front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### What is the Book of Haggai About?\n\nIn 539 B.C., the Persian emperor Cyrus conquered the Babylonian empire. He permitted peoples whom the Babylonians had exiled to return to their homelands. So the next year, a group of Israelites from the former kingdom of Judah returned home from exile. Within two years, they began to repair Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. But after they had only laid the foundation, their enemies forced them to stop. However, around 520 B.C. a new king, Darius, became emperor of Persia, and he was likely to allow the Judeans to finish rebuilding the temple. Nevertheless, they neglected that work and built luxurious homes for themselves instead. In response, Yahweh prevented their crops from growing well and the people became hungry and poor. Yahweh then sent the prophet Haggai to explain to them that he had done this because they had neglected his temple. Through Haggai, Yahweh promised that if they would rebuild his temple, he would bless them once again with abundant crops. Yahweh also promised their governor, Zerubbabel, that he would make him an honored leader among the nations of the world. The people responded to Haggai’s prophesies by obeying Yahweh and rebuilding his temple, and Yahweh blessed them once again.\n\n### Outline of Haggai\n\nThe book of Haggai consists of four oracles that Yahweh gave him to deliver to the Judeans who had returned from exile. Each oracle is dated on a particular day of a specific month in the second year of the reign of Darius as emperor of Persia.\n\n- First oracle (1:1–15a): The people must finish the temple so that Yahweh will bless them again\n- Second oracle (1:15b–2:9): The rebuilt temple will be more glorious than the first temple\n- Third oracle (2:10–19): Yahweh has withheld crops, but now he will bless the people\n- Fourth oracle (2:20–23): Yahweh will defeat the nations and establish Zerubbabel as his honored ruler \n\n### Who was the Prophet Haggai?\n\nThe book of Haggai does not tell us very much about the prophet whose oracles it records. Haggai is mentioned briefly in one other book of the Bible. Ezra 5:1 tells us that Haggai “prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and in Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel who was over them.” Ezra 6:14 adds that “the elders of the Jews were building and prospering by the prophesying of Haggai the prophet” and that “they built and completed” the temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem. But we know nothing beyond this. Still, we can recognize that Haggai must have been a man of faith, courage, and conviction to challenge the Judeans in their comfortable complacency and inspire them to renew the work of rebuilding the temple.n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Haggai” or “The Book of Haggai.” Translators may also decide to give it a title such as “The Prophecies of Haggai” or “The Sayings of Haggai”\n\n## Part 2: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Hebrew Months\n\nThe book of Haggai dates each of its four oracles by the day of a Hebrew month. In your translation, you could convert these Hebrew days and months into approximate dates on the calendar that your culture uses. Notes will give equivalents on Western calendars for those who wish to do this. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will often not be accurate. So it may be preferable to state the number of the day and the name of the month of the Hebrew calendar in the text of your translation and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.\n\n### Quote Marks\n\nThe oracles of Haggai are direct first-level quotations from Yahweh. They contain second-level and third-level quotations. If you decide to present those as direct quotations, you can indicate their beginnings and endings with second-level and third-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off these quotations. Alternatively, if your language would not put direct quotations inside a direct quotation, you could represent the second-level and third-level quotations as indirect quotations. Notes suggest how you could do this in various places.\n\n### “The Declaration of Yahweh”\n\nHaggai frequently uses the formula “the declaration of Yahweh” to identify his oracles as words that Yahweh has given him to speak. If your language would not use an abstract noun such as “declaration,” you could express the same idea in another way. You might say, for example, “this is what Yahweh declares.”\n\n### “House” Meaning “Temple”\n\nThroughout the book of Haggai, various speakers use the word “house” to mean “temple.” They are speaking of temple as if it would be a house in which God lived, since God’s presence would be there. If it would be helpful to your readers, in your translation you could state the meaning plainly and say “temple” rather than “house” in each of these instances.\n\n### Singular and Plural “You”\n\nThroughout the book, the words “you,” “yourselves,” and “your” and the implied “you” in imperatives are all plural because Yahweh is addressing the returned exiles as a group. The only exception is in the last verse, where “you” is singular because Yahweh is speaking to Zerubbabel alone. So if your language marks a distinction between singular and plural “you,” use plural forms throughout your translation except in the last verse, where the singular form is appropriate.\n +1:intro n84r 1 # Haggai 1 General Notes\n\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\nThis chapter contains the first oracle that Haggai delivered from Yahweh to the Judeans who had returned from exile.\n\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 4, 6, and 8–11.\r +1:1 mbyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֤ת שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ לְ⁠דָרְיָ֣וֶשׁ הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 The **second year of Darius the king** implicitly means the second year of the reign of Darius as king. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers, here and in 1:15 and 2:10. Alternate translation: “In the second year of the reign of King Darius” +1:1 qt5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֤ת שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ & בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֔י & בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, in your translation you could use cardinal numbers or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “In year two of ... on day one of month six” +1:1 y3ei rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 The **sixth** month of the Hebrew calendar includes August and September on Western calendars. See the General Introduction to Haggai for a discussion of how you might express this date in your translation. +1:1 wn8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֜ה בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֗יא 1 Here one part of the prophet Haggai, his **hand**, represents all of him in bringing the **word of Yahweh** to the returned exiles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Haggai the prophet brought the word of Yahweh” +1:1 ria7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְבַר־יְהוָ֜ה 1 The term **word** represents a message that Yahweh conveyed by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a message from Yahweh” +1:2 mgwz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר הָ⁠עָ֤ם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א עֶת־בֹּ֛א עֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה לְ⁠הִבָּנֽוֹת 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts is concerned that these people are saying that the time has not come to rebuild the house of Yahweh” +1:2 nnof rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת 1 The phrase **Yahweh of Armies** is a title for God that indicates his great power. It describes him as the commander of heavenly armies. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, it may have a particular way of translating this phrase, and you may wish to use that in your translation. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to express the meaning of this phrase in some other way, here and throughout the book. Alternate translation: “Yahweh the Almighty” +1:2 cav8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠עָ֤ם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ 1 The phrase **This people** refers to the people of Judah who had returned from exile in Babylon. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “These returned Judean exiles” +1:2 ck31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה 1 As the General Introduction to Haggai discusses, here and often throughout the book of Haggai, the word **house** means “temple.” The people are speaking of temple as if it would be a house in which God lived, since God’s presence would be there. Alternate translation: “the temple of Yahweh” +1:3 xs12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֥י הַ⁠נָּבִ֖יא 1 See how you translated this in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Then Haggai the prophet brought this message from Yahweh” +1:4 ms19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠עֵ֤ת לָ⁠כֶם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם לָ⁠שֶׁ֖בֶת בְּ⁠בָתֵּי⁠כֶ֣ם סְפוּנִ֑ים וְ⁠הַ⁠בַּ֥יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה חָרֵֽב 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Now is not a time for you yourselves to live in your paneled houses, while this house is desolate!” +1:4 av7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לָ⁠כֶם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם & בְּ⁠בָתֵּי⁠כֶ֣ם 1 As the General Introduction to Haggai discusses, here and throughout the book except for in the last verse, the words **you**, **yourselves**, and **your** are plural because Yahweh is addressing the returned exiles, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +1:4 uga1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סְפוּנִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The term **paneled** could describe: (1) houses whose walls are covered with panels of costly wood. Alternate translation: “in houses whose walls you have paneled with costly wood” (2) houses that have roofs. Alternate translation: “in your houses that have roofs” +1:5 xmjb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠עַתָּ֕ה כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “So now Yahweh of Armies is telling you to set your heart upon your ways” +1:5 i8x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Focus your thoughts on your ways” or “Consider your ways carefully” +1:5 axkh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Since Yahweh is speaking to many people, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **heart**. Alternate translation: “your hearts” +1:5 jnk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Yahweh is speaking of how the returned exiles have been living as if that were a series of **ways** or paths that they were walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how you have been living” +1:6 zecd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠שָׂבְעָה֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **satiety**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “but not enough to satisfy your hunger” +1:6 rma3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠שָׁכְרָ֔ה 1 In this culture, as in many cultures today, the water was not safe to drink, so people drank wine made from grapes. This wine contained a low level of alcohol. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people do not have enough to drink to satisfy their thirst. If they did, they would also experience a slight stimulating sensation. Yahweh is not suggesting that drunkenness is a good thing. It may be helpful to clarify the intended meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “but you cannot drink enough to satisfy your thirst” +1:6 ep2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לָב֖וֹשׁ וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠חֹ֣ם ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Since to this point Yahweh has been speaking to the Judeans in the second person, it may be natural in your language to translate this sentence in the second person as well. Alternate translation: “You wear clothes, but you are not able to warm yourselves” +1:6 wiii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הַ֨⁠מִּשְׂתַּכֵּ֔ר מִשְׂתַּכֵּ֖ר אֶל־צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And the wage earner earns wages, only to put them into a punctured bag” +1:6 aw8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ֨⁠מִּשְׂתַּכֵּ֔ר מִשְׂתַּכֵּ֖ר אֶל־צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the returned exiles were literally putting their **wages** in a **punctured bag**. The image suggests that when they have expenses, they do not have money available to meet them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And your earnings are not sufficient to meet your expenses” +1:6 frez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bag that someone has punctured” or “a bag that has a hole in it” +1:7 rzcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of Armies is telling you to set your heart upon your ways” +1:7 u8ra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you translated this in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Focus your thoughts on how you have been living” or “Consider carefully how you have been living” +1:8 nk2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes עֲל֥וּ הָ⁠הָ֛ר וַ⁠הֲבֵאתֶ֥ם עֵ֖ץ וּ⁠בְנ֣וּ הַ⁠בָּ֑יִת וְ⁠אֶרְצֶה־בּ֥⁠וֹ ו⁠אכבד אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh is telling you to go up to the mountain and bring timber and build the house, and he will take pleasure in it and he will be glorified” +1:8 g039 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הָ⁠הָ֛ר 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **mountain**. He means the various mountains around the city of Jerusalem where his temple was located. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “to the mountains” +1:8 uu95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ו⁠אכבד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter of the concept of God being **glorified**. Alternate translation: “and this will glorify me” or “and in this way you will honor me” +1:9 repd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes פָּנֹ֤ה אֶל־הַרְבֵּה֙ וְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה לִ⁠מְעָ֔ט וַ⁠הֲבֵאתֶ֥ם הַ⁠בַּ֖יִת וְ⁠נָפַ֣חְתִּי ב֑⁠וֹ יַ֣עַן מֶ֗ה נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת יַ֗עַן בֵּיתִ⁠י֙ אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא חָרֵ֔ב וְ⁠אַתֶּ֥ם רָצִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ לְ⁠בֵיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “You looked for much, but behold, little! And you brought it home, but he blew upon it! And Yahweh of Armies wants you to know why this happened. It is because of his house, that it is desolate, but you are running, a man to his house” +1:9 yx8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **behold** to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. +1:9 i3ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לִ⁠מְעָ֔ט 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “there was only a little” +1:9 eb3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָפַ֣חְתִּי ב֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he had literally blown on the crops that the Judeans brought home. The image is of the wind blowing hard and carrying off grain. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but it was as if the wind carried it away” +1:9 wsac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion יַ֣עַן מֶ֗ה & יַ֗עַן בֵּיתִ⁠י֙ 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is an important reason for this! … It is because of my house” +1:9 g652 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת 1 As the General Introduction to Haggai discusses, if your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **declaration**, you could express the same idea in another way, here and in the other occurrences of this phrase throughout the book. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of Armies declares” +1:9 l8h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אַתֶּ֥ם רָצִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ לְ⁠בֵיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Yahweh is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. In this context, it means “each one of you.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that indicates this. Alternate translation: “each one of you is running to his or her own house” +1:9 vl6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַתֶּ֥ם רָצִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ לְ⁠בֵיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the Judeans were literally **running** back to their homes whenever they had the opportunity to return to them. He means that they are eager to improve their own homes, even though they do not care about the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “while you are eager to improve your own homes” +1:10 suc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כָּלְא֥וּ שָמַ֖יִם מִ⁠טָּ֑ל וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ כָּלְאָ֥ה יְבוּלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the **heavens** and the **earth** were living things that could actively withhold **dew** and **produce** from the Judeans. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “there is no dew from the heavens above you and there is no produce from the earth” +1:10 zjm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֔ם כָּלְא֥וּ שָמַ֖יִם מִ⁠טָּ֑ל 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **dew** fell from the **heavens**, that is, from the sky. He means implicitly that not only has rain not been falling from the sky, dew has not even been forming on the ground overnight. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “not only has it not been raining, dew has not even been forming,” +1:11 a7ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany עַל־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ וְ⁠עַל־הֶ⁠הָרִ֗ים וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר וְ⁠עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹצִ֖יא הָ⁠אֲדָמָ֑ה וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְ⁠עַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם 1 In this verse, Yahweh uses a series of repetitive phrases to show that the effects of the **desolation** he has **called for** are comprehensive. A series of phrases like this is called a litany. If your readers would not be familiar with this form, to help them appreciate it, you could put each of the phrases on a separate line in your translation, for example:\n“And I have called for desolation\nupon the land \nand upon the mountains \nand upon the grain \nand upon the new wine …”\n +1:11 v496 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וָ⁠אֶקְרָ֨א חֹ֜רֶב עַל־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ וְ⁠עַל־הֶ⁠הָרִ֗ים וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר וְ⁠עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹצִ֖יא הָ⁠אֲדָמָ֑ה וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְ⁠עַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **desolation**, you could express the same idea in another way. The word “desolation” is the noun form of the word whose adjective form “desolate” Yahweh uses in verses 4 and 9. Yahweh is saying that the land of Judah is experiencing desolation because the people have left his temple desolate. So if you would not use the abstract noun “desolation” in your language, an adjective such as “desolate” may be suitable here. Alternate translation: “And I have called for the land and the mountains and the grain and the new wine and the oil and what the ground produces and the man and the beast and all the labor of your hands to become desolate” +1:11 xrhu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וָ⁠אֶקְרָ֨א 1 If you have been translating this chapter so that there are not quotations within a quotation, for consistency you would say here, “And he has called for.” +1:11 v7pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר 1 Here, **grain**, **new wine**, and **oil** represent wheat and barley, grapes, and olives, of which they are the products. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and upon the wheat and barley and upon the grapes and upon the olives” +1:11 qur8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **man** or to a specific **beast**. He means people and animals in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and upon people and upon animals” +1:11 zygf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַּפָּֽיִם 1 Yahweh is using one part of the Judeans, their **hands**, to mean all of them in the act of working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everything that you do” +1:12 c4he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֣ע & בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י 1 Here the word **listened** implicitly means “obeyed.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then … obeyed the voice of Yahweh their God and the words of Haggai the prophet” +1:12 bl1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֣ע & בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י 1 Here the term **voice** represents what Yahweh said by using his voice and the term **words** represents what Haggai said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then … obeyed what Yahweh their God and Haggai the prophet had said” +1:12 y6v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֔יא 1 Here a single idea is expressed through two phrases connected with **and**. The second phrase tells by what means the action of the first phrase was accomplished. If it would be more natural in your language, you could convey this meaning with an equivalent expression that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “what Yahweh their God had said through Haggai the prophet” +1:12 e9sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֥וּ הָ⁠עָ֖ם מִ⁠פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Here one part of Yahweh, his **face**, represents all of him. Alternate translation: “and the people feared Yahweh” or “and the people respected Yahweh” +1:13 dtj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אֲנִ֥י אִתְּ⁠כֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares that he is with you!” +1:14 z9kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יָּ֣עַר יְהוָ֡ה אֶת־רוּחַ֩ זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל בֶּן־שַׁלְתִּיאֵ֜ל פַּחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֗ה וְ⁠אֶת־ר֨וּחַ֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֣ן הַ⁠גָּד֔וֹל וְֽ⁠אֶת־ר֔וּחַ כֹּ֖ל שְׁאֵרִ֣ית הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 Here one part of Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people, their **spirit** in each case, represents all of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh awakened the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and all of the remnant of the people” +1:14 n1e7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יָּ֣עַר יְהוָ֡ה אֶת־רוּחַ֩ זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל בֶּן־שַׁלְתִּיאֵ֜ל פַּחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֗ה וְ⁠אֶת־ר֨וּחַ֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֣ן הַ⁠גָּד֔וֹל וְֽ⁠אֶת־ר֔וּחַ כֹּ֖ל שְׁאֵרִ֣ית הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 Here Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people are described as if they had literally been asleep and Yahweh woke them up. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh motivated the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and all of the remnant of the people” +1:15 vp6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠י֨וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ בַּ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 The **sixth month** of the Hebrew calendar includes August and September on Western calendars. See how you decided to translate the similar reference to a day, month, and year in [1:1](../01/01.md). +1:15 cx2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠י֨וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ בַּ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “on day 24 of month six. In year two” +1:15 mpbb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְ⁠דָרְיָ֥וֶשׁ הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 The first and third oracles in the book [1:1](../01/01.md) and [2:10](../02/10.md) are dated with a day, month, and year, and so it may be that this reference to a year is part of the dating of the second oracle, which follows next. The ULT suggests this by beginning a new sentence. This puts the information about the **second year** with the information in [2:1](../02/01.md) about the “seventh month” and the “twenty-first day.” Some versions also put a section heading before **In the second year** to show that a new oracle is starting. Other versions place the chapter and verse division before **In the second year of Darius the king**, which makes that phrase part of [2:1](../02/01.md). (The chapter and verse divisions in the Bible are not inspired. They were added many centuries after the Bible was written, as an aid to locating passages within the Bible. Subsequently, some translators and publishers have made various adjustments such as this.) In your translation, present the material in the way that you feel will be most helpful to your readers. +2:intro ieh7 1 # Haggai 2 General Notes\r\r## Structure and Formatting\r\rThis chapter contains the second (2:1–9), third (2:10–19), and fourth (2:20–23) oracles that Haggai delivered from Yahweh to the Judeans who had returned from exile.\r\rSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 6–7 and 21–22.\r\r## Translation Issues in this Chapter\r\r### The Teaching Example of Uncleanness (verses 12–14)\r\rIn the third oracle, Yahweh has Haggai speak with the priests in front of the people in order to teach the people by using an example. Haggai has the priests confirm that a person in a state of holiness does not communicate that holy state to foods that he touches. Haggai then has the priests confirm that a person in a state of uncleanness does communicate that unclean state to foods that he touches. Haggai then tells the people that Yahweh considers them to be unclean, meaning not in a proper state to take part in worship, because they have not obeyed him and rebuilt the temple. They have communicated that unclean state to the foods that they have offered in sacrifice, and so those sacrifices are not acceptable to Yahweh. Stated plainly, the message of this example is that the sacrifices the people are offering on the altar do not make up for their disobedience in not rebuilding the temple. Rather, their disobedience in not rebuilding the temple is making their sacrifices unacceptable. Notes to verses 11–14 will suggest ways in which you can indicate this meaning in your translation.\r +2:1 j1p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בַּ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֕י בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 Here some words are omitted that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “in the seventh month, on the twenty-first day of the month” +2:1 pyka rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֕י בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “on day 21 of month seven” +2:1 v31v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֕י בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 The **twenty-first** day of the **seventh** month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of October on Western calendars. See how you decided to translate the similar reference to a day and month in [1:1](../01/01.md). +2:1 fm14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הָיָה֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה בְּ⁠יַד־חַגַּ֥י 1 See how you translated this same statement in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Haggai the prophet brought a message from Yahweh” +2:2 q56p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הָ⁠עָ֖ם לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 You may decide to translate the rest of this oracle, through verse 9, so that there is not a direct quotation within a quotation. If so, you can translate this so that it does not introduce a direct quotation. Alternate translation, with no comma following: “the people and ask them” +2:3 m41e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מִ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן וּ⁠מָ֨ה אַתֶּ֜ם רֹאִ֤ים אֹת⁠וֹ֙ עַ֔תָּה הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ כְּ⁠אַ֖יִן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain direct quotations within a quotation, you can translate this verse as an indirect quotation, continuing the sentence that begins in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “who is left among them who saw this house in its former glory. Ask them how they are seeing it now and whether, compared with it, it is not like nothing in their eyes” +2:3 m1jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן וּ⁠מָ֨ה אַתֶּ֜ם רֹאִ֤ים אֹת⁠וֹ֙ עַ֔תָּה הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ כְּ⁠אַ֖יִן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Some of you saw this temple in its former glory. I know that you are not pleased with the way it looks now. Compared with the way it looked before, it seems like nothing in your eyes” +2:3 pbu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one among you who still remembers what this temple looked like” +2:3 a63w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who saw how glorious this temple formerly was” +2:3 tsx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ 1 The pronoun **that** refers to the former glory of the temple. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Compared with its former glory” +2:3 ym2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ כְּ⁠אַ֖יִן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Yahweh is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do you not regard it as nothing” +2:4 iuno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה חֲזַ֣ק זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל ׀ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֡ה וַ⁠חֲזַ֣ק יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֩ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠גָּד֜וֹל וַ⁠חֲזַ֨ק כָּל־עַ֥ם הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽ⁠עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י אִתְּ⁠כֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain direct quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotations in this verse as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “But tell Zerubbabel that I, Yahweh, declare that he should now be strong, and that I, Yahweh, declare to Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to all the people of the land that they should be strong, and that I, Yahweh of Armies, declare that they should work, for I am with them” +2:4 dtv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־עַ֥ם הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ 1 Yahweh is using this expression to refer to the Judeans who have returned from exile. That is, the phrase means the same thing as the term “remnant” in [1:12](../01/12.md) and [1:14](../01/14.md). However, this phrase often has a different meaning in other parts of the Bible. It refers to the Canaanites who were living in the region before the Israelites arrived. So it may be helpful to your readers to state the meaning plainly here. Alternate translation: “all you Judeans who have returned from exile” +2:5 xjsq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֶֽת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֤תִּי אִתְּ⁠כֶם֙ בְּ⁠צֵאתְ⁠כֶ֣ם מִ⁠מִּצְרַ֔יִם וְ⁠רוּחִ֖⁠י עֹמֶ֣דֶת בְּ⁠תוֹכְ⁠כֶ֑ם אַל־תִּירָֽאוּ 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Tell them that this is the word that I covenanted with them when they came out of Egypt, and my Spirit remains in their midst, so they should not fear” +2:5 f0fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֶֽת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֤תִּי אִתְּ⁠כֶם֙ 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the word that I covenanted with you” +2:5 i4cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶֽת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֤תִּי אִתְּ⁠כֶם֙ 1 Yahweh is using the term **word** to mean what he said to the Israelites by using words when he made a covenant with them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the covenant promise that I made to you” +2:5 re44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶֽת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֤תִּי אִתְּ⁠כֶם֙ 1 By **The word that I covenanted with you**, Yahweh is referring to what he has just said, “I am with you.” Yahweh made this promise to the Israelites when they **came out of Egypt**. See, for example, [Exodus 29:45–46](../exo/29/45.md), “And I will live among the sons of Israel and will be their God. And they will know that I am Yahweh their God, who brought them out from the land of Egypt to live among them.” You could indicate this in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “This is the covenant promise that I made to you, that I would be with you” +2:5 s0xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠רוּחִ֖⁠י עֹמֶ֣דֶת בְּ⁠תוֹכְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 With this statement, Yahweh is asserting that he is indeed fulfilling his covenant promise to be with the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “And indeed I am present in your midst through my Spirit, just as I promised” +2:6 ibcq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת ע֥וֹד אַחַ֖ת מְעַ֣ט הִ֑יא וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י מַרְעִישׁ֙ אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יָּ֖ם וְ⁠אֶת־הֶ⁠חָרָבָֽה 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For I, Yahweh of Armies, say that yet once, it will be a little while, and I will be shaking the heavens and the earth and the sea and the dry land” +2:6 g6sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ע֥וֹד אַחַ֖ת מְעַ֣ט הִ֑יא וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י מַרְעִישׁ֙ 1 These phrases **Yet once** and **it will be a little while**may mean similar things. The first phrase may mean “after only one more period of time.” The second phrase says basically the same thing but adds the information that this will be a brief period of time. Yahweh may be using the two phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “I can assure you that after only a short time, I will be shaking” +2:6 e2qq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י מַרְעִישׁ֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he would literally be **shaking** all of creation. The image is that of a great earthquake. (People in this culture considered the sky to be a solid object above the earth, so Yahweh could shake that as well as the earth with a great quake.) It becomes clear in the next verse that Yahweh is actually using all of creation to represent “all nations” in their relationship to his chosen people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will bring about such changes in the attitude of the nations toward you that it will be as if I am shaking” +2:6 ehw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יָּ֖ם וְ⁠אֶת־הֶ⁠חָרָבָֽה 1 Yahweh is using the two main components of creation, the **heavens** (the sky) and the **earth**, to mean all of creation. He is then using the two main components of creation below the sky, the **sea** and the **dry land**, to mean the entire world in which humans live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “everything that I have created” +2:7 ewpa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠הִרְעַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם וּ⁠בָ֖אוּ חֶמְדַּ֣ת כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם וּ⁠מִלֵּאתִ֞י אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֤יִת הַ⁠זֶּה֙ כָּב֔וֹד אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh of Armies, say that I will shake all of the nations, and they will come with the treasure of all of the nations, and I will fill this house with glory” +2:7 nmi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִרְעַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he were literally going to **shake** the **nations** with an earthquake. It is clear from the context that this represents Yahweh changing the attitude of the nations. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I will change the attitude of all the nations toward you” +2:7 kpek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠מִלֵּאתִ֞י אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֤יִת הַ⁠זֶּה֙ כָּב֔וֹד 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. In this context, the word **glory** could mean: (1) the **treasure** that the **nations** will bring to the temple as an offering to Yahweh. The next verse suggests that this may be the meaning. Alternate translation: “and I will fill this temple with glorious treasure” (2) the reputation that the temple would have. Alternate translation: “and I will give this temple a glorious reputation” +2:8 mv70 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לִ֥⁠י הַ⁠כֶּ֖סֶף וְ⁠לִ֣⁠י הַ⁠זָּהָ֑ב נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh of Armies, declare that the silver is mine, and the gold is mine” +2:8 f56d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ֥⁠י הַ⁠כֶּ֖סֶף וְ⁠לִ֣⁠י הַ⁠זָּהָ֑ב 1 The implication of this statement seems to be that Yahweh can promise that the nations will bring their treasure to the rebuilt temple because all of that treasure actually belongs to him. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I can promise you this because the silver and gold that the nations will bring to the temple actually belongs to me” +2:9 f506 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes גָּד֣וֹל יִֽהְיֶ֡ה כְּבוֹד֩ הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה הָ⁠אַֽחֲרוֹן֙ מִן־הָ֣⁠רִאשׁ֔וֹן אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וּ⁠בַ⁠מָּק֤וֹם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן שָׁל֔וֹם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotations in this verse as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh of Armies, say that the latter glory of this house {will be} greater than the former, and I, Yahweh of Armies, declare that in this place I will give peace” +2:9 quq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis גָּד֣וֹל יִֽהְיֶ֡ה כְּבוֹד֩ הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה הָ⁠אַֽחֲרוֹן֙ מִן־הָ֣⁠רִאשׁ֔וֹן 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The latter glory of this temple {will be} greater than the former glory of this temple” or “The latter glory of this temple {will be} greater than its former glory” +2:9 s4di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גָּד֣וֹל יִֽהְיֶ֡ה כְּבוֹד֩ הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה הָ⁠אַֽחֲרוֹן֙ מִן־הָ֣⁠רִאשׁ֔וֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “This temple will become more glorious now than it was before” +2:9 ezgw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת 1 Here as in many other instances throughout the book, Yahweh is speaking of his temple as if it were a **house** in which he lived. If you decided to translate the word **house** as “temple,” look back over your translation to make sure that you have done this consistently. Alternate translation: “temple” +2:9 uhag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠בַ⁠מָּק֤וֹם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן שָׁל֔וֹם 1 By **this place**, Yahweh most likely means Judea and especially Jerusalem. The enemies of the Judeans destroyed the previous temple, but Yahweh is promising here that he will now cause the nations to be at **peace** with them so that enemy armies do not destroy the rebuilt temple. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and here in Jerusalem I will give peace” or “and I will not allow your enemies to come here to Jerusalem and destroy this temple again” +2:10 p988 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י 1 Here some words are omitted that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month” +2:10 if92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְ⁠דָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “on day 24 of month nine in year two of Darius” +2:10 wc9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י 1 The **twenty-fourth day** of the **ninth month** on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of December on Western calendars. See how you decided to translate the similar reference to a day and month in [1:1](../01/01.md). +2:10 s26v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָיָה֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־חַגַּ֥י הַ⁠נָּבִ֖יא לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 See how you translated the similar statement in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Haggai the prophet received a message from Yahweh, who told him” +2:11 t7n0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שְׁאַל־נָ֧א אֶת־הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֛ים תּוֹרָ֖ה לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of Armies says to ask the priests about the law. Ask them” +2:12 fv8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הֵ֣ן ׀ יִשָּׂא־אִ֨ישׁ בְּשַׂר־קֹ֜דֶשׁ בִּ⁠כְנַ֣ף בִּגְד֗⁠וֹ וְ⁠נָגַ֣ע בִּ֠⁠כְנָפ⁠וֹ אֶל־הַ⁠לֶּ֨חֶם וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠נָּזִ֜יד וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠יַּ֧יִן וְ⁠אֶל־שֶׁ֛מֶן וְ⁠אֶל־כָּל־מַאֲכָ֖ל הֲ⁠יִקְדָּ֑שׁ 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain direct quotations within a quotation, you can translate this verse as an indirect quotation, continuing the sentence that begins in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “whether bread or stew or wine or oil or any other food becomes holy if a man carries holy flesh in the fold of his garment and he touches with his fold upon it” +2:12 srd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo הֵ֣ן ׀ יִשָּׂא־אִ֨ישׁ בְּשַׂר־קֹ֜דֶשׁ בִּ⁠כְנַ֣ף בִּגְד֗⁠וֹ וְ⁠נָגַ֣ע בִּ֠⁠כְנָפ⁠וֹ אֶל־הַ⁠לֶּ֨חֶם וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠נָּזִ֜יד וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠יַּ֧יִן וְ⁠אֶל־שֶׁ֛מֶן וְ⁠אֶל־כָּל־מַאֲכָ֖ל הֲ⁠יִקְדָּ֑שׁ 1 Yahweh is using a hypothetical situation in order to teach. Alternate translation: “Suppose a man carries holy flesh in the fold of his garment. And suppose that man touches bread or stew or wine or oil or any other food with that fold. Would that make the food holy?” +2:12 xeqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּשַׂר־קֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 The expression **holy flesh** refers implicitly to meat that has been offered to Yahweh as a sacrifice. Only priests could eat such meat. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “meat that is set apart for the priests to eat because it has been offered to Yahweh as a sacrifice” +2:12 vx79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹֽא 1 The priests mean implicitly that while touching **holy flesh** makes a person “holy” (and therefore conveys certain privileges but also makes the person subject to certain restrictions, see [Leviticus 6:27](../06/27.md)), that person does not communicate this holy state to objects that he touches. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “No, a person who becomes holy by touching meat sacrificed to Yahweh does not communicate that holy state to objects that he touches’” +2:13 bg3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai implicitly means a **person** who has died, and he is speaking specifically of that dead person’s body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the unclean by contact with a dead body” +2:13 b246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai is using the adjective **unclean** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a person who has become unclean by touching a dead body” +2:13 nky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai and the priests share the knowledge that if an Israelite touches a dead body, something that is ritually unclean, then that Israelite becomes ritually unclean himself for a certain period of time (see [Numbers 19:13](../Num/19/13.md)). Such a person is not allowed to take part in public worship. It may be helpful to state this explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “someone who has become ritually impure by contact with a dead body” or “someone who is unable to join in public worship because he has touched a dead body” +2:13 o2ew rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠כָל־אֵ֖לֶּה הֲ⁠יִטְמָ֑א 1 The pronoun **these** refers to the foods that Haggai described in the previous verse, and the pronoun **it** refers to one of those foods that an unclean person might touch. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “any of these foods, will the food that he touched become unclean” or “any of these foods, would that make the food that he touched unclean” +2:13 pco4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִטְמָֽא 1 This is the counterpart to the priests’ answer in the previous verse. It may be helpful to indicate the implications of this answer explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “While a holy person does not communicate a holy state to objects that he touches, an unclean person does communicate an unclean state to objects that he touches, so any food that an unclean person touches does become unclean” +2:14 a80m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כֵּ֣ן הָֽ⁠עָם־הַ֠⁠זֶּה וְ⁠כֵן־הַ⁠גּ֨וֹי הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה לְ⁠פָנַ⁠י֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְ⁠כֵ֖ן כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠הֶ֑ם וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֛יבוּ שָׁ֖ם טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of Armies declares that this people and this nation are thus to his face, and that every work of their hands is thus, and that what they offer there is unclean” +2:14 dv6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֵּ֣ן הָֽ⁠עָם־הַ֠⁠זֶּה וְ⁠כֵן־הַ⁠גּ֨וֹי הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה 1 The word **Thus** refers implicitly to a state of uncleanness. It may be helpful to indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “This people is unclean and this nation is unclean” +2:14 p9w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כֵּ֣ן הָֽ⁠עָם־הַ֠⁠זֶּה וְ⁠כֵן־הַ⁠גּ֨וֹי הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה 1 In this context, the terms **people** and **nation** both refer to the Judeans who have returned from exile. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “These Judeans who have returned from exile are unclean” +2:14 ua4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנַ⁠י֙ 1 Here Yahweh is using the term **face** to mean his presence, by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Presence, in turn, represents Yahweh’s judgment by association with the way that he would assess anything that came to his attention in front of him. Alternate translation: “in my judgment” +2:14 ppt0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠פָנַ⁠י֙ 1 Yahweh means implicitly that the Judeans are unclean because they have not obeyed him and rebuilt his temple. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in my judgment because they have not obeyed me and rebuilt my temple” +2:14 l3ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠כֵ֖ן כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using one part of the Judeans, their **hands**, to mean all of them in the act of working. The reference is specifically to their **work** of growing crops and raising animals. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and thus is all of the food that they produce” or “and all of the food that they produce is therefore unclean as well” +2:14 nybp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֛יבוּ שָׁ֖ם טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא 1 By **there**, Haggai implicitly means an altar that the returned exiles had set up at the temple site. This is described in [Ezra 3:1–6](../03/01.md). You can say that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and so what they offer on the altar that they have set up at the temple site is also unclean” +2:15 zlfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִֽׂימוּ־נָ֣א לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “consider carefully what has been happening” +2:15 l2sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִן־הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה וָ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה מִ⁠טֶּ֧רֶם שֽׂוּם־אֶ֛בֶן אֶל־אֶ֖בֶן 1 Yahweh is saying **from … and from** to indicate the limits of a time period. The word **beyond** refers back in time to the whole period after the Judeans returned from exile. Translate this in the way that your language would most naturally indicate the limits of a time period. Alternate translation: “from the time you returned from exile until this day, until the time of the placing of stone upon stone” +2:15 r7pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠טֶּ֧רֶם שֽׂוּם־אֶ֛בֶן אֶל־אֶ֖בֶן בְּ⁠הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is using one part of the building process to represent the entire building process of building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you began to rebuild the temple of Yahweh” +2:15 iq4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person בְּ⁠הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “in my temple” +2:16 bguu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִֽ⁠הְיוֹתָ֥⁠ם 1 The pronoun **their** likely refers to the days that Haggai described in the previous verse, beginning with “this day” (the day on which he is speaking) and including all of the days since the return from exile before the Judeans began rebuilding the temple. Alternate translation: “During those days” or “During that whole time period” +2:16 a1et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בָּא֙ אֶל־עֲרֵמַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְ⁠הָיְתָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “when a person came to a heap of grain that he expected to contain twenty measures, he found that it contained only ten measures” +2:16 zx3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume בָּא֙ אֶל־עֲרֵמַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְ⁠הָיְתָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 By **twenty**, Yahweh most likely means twenty ephahs. An ephah was equivalent to about 22 liters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the quantity in modern measurements. Alternatively, to help your readers recognize that the biblical writings come from a long time ago when people used different measures, you could express the amount using the ancient measurement, the ephah, and explain the equivalent in modern measurements in a footnote. Alternate translation: “when a person came to a heap of grain that he expected to contain twenty ephahs, he found that it contained only ten ephahs” or “when a person came to a heap that he expected to contain over 400 kilograms of grain, he found that it contained only about 200 kilograms” +2:16 kxvt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בָּ֣א אֶל־הַ⁠יֶּ֗קֶב לַ⁠חְשֹׂף֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים פּוּרָ֔ה וְ⁠הָיְתָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִֽים 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “when a person came to a wine vat from which he expected he could draw fifty press-measures, he found that it contained only twenty press-measures” +2:16 ply4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים פּוּרָ֔ה 1 The expression **from the press** probably describes a certain quantity of wine, a “press-measure,” the amount that a winepress would produce from a single pressing of a full load of grapes. However, it is no longer clear exactly what this quantity was. In your translation, you could use a liquid measure that your readers would recognize that would approximate this quantity, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “fifty gallons” or “fifty measures of wine” +2:17 s00e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הִכֵּ֨יתִי אֶתְ⁠כֶ֜ם בַּ⁠שִּׁדָּפ֤וֹן וּ⁠בַ⁠יֵּֽרָקוֹן֙ וּ⁠בַ⁠בָּרָ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠כֶ֑ם וְ⁠אֵין־אֶתְ⁠כֶ֥ם אֵלַ֖⁠י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares that he struck you with blight and with mildew and with hail, all of the work of your hands, but it was not you to him” +2:17 ua4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I struck all of the work of your hands” +2:17 p7cx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “all of the food that you were producing” +2:17 grkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אֵין־אֶתְ⁠כֶ֥ם אֵלַ֖⁠י 1 Yahweh is using this expression to mean that the Judeans did not obey him and rebuild the temple. Instead, they continued to disobey, as if they had nothing to do with Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but you still did not return to me” or “but it was as if you wanted to have nothing to do with me” +2:18 n5ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂימוּ & לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “consider carefully what has been happening” +2:18 kpw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִן־הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה וָ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה מִ⁠יּוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֗י לְ⁠מִן־הַ⁠יּ֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יֻסַּ֥ד הֵֽיכַל־יְהוָ֖ה 1 Yahweh is saying **from … and from** and “from … to from” to indicate the limits of a time period. As in [2:15](../02/15.md), the word **beyond** refers back in time to the whole period after the Judeans returned from exile. The ** twenty-fourth day of the ninth month** means that date in the second year of Darius, as [2:10](../02/10.md) indicates. Translate this in the way that your language would most naturally indicate the limits of a time period. Alternate translation: “from the time you returned from exile until this day, that is, from the day that the temple of Yahweh was founded until this twenty-fourth day of the ninth month in the second year of Darius” +2:18 ddb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ⁠יּוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֗י 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month” +2:18 b4ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal מִ⁠יּוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֗י 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. See what you did in [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “from day 24 of month nine” +2:18 pcm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֻסַּ֥ד הֵֽיכַל־יְהוָ֖ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you laid the foundation of the temple of Yahweh” +2:18 ridq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הֵֽיכַל־יְהוָ֖ה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “my temple” +2:18 jsi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Consider carefully” +2:19 mx58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠ע֤וֹד הַ⁠זֶּ֨רַע֙ בַּ⁠מְּגוּרָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “The seed is not yet in the storehouse!” or “There is no seed in the storehouse!” +2:19 xjtd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מִן־הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה אֲבָרֵֽךְ 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “From this day he will bless you’” +2:19 glfn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ן־הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם 1 Yahweh is drawing a strong contrast. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation by using a word that introduces a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless, from this day” +2:20 l5py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “And Haggai received a message from Yahweh” +2:20 fy5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שֵׁנִית֙ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “again” +2:20 icl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 Here some of the words are omitted that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month” +2:20 a3ho rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on day 24 of month nine” or “on day 24 of the same month” +2:20 rru4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 See how you translated the name of the Hebrew month in [2:10](../02/10.md). +2:21 hexi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֱמֹ֕ר אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֥ל פַּֽחַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר אֲנִ֣י מַרְעִ֔ישׁ אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ׃ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Speak to Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah, and tell him that I am shaking the heavens and the earth” +2:21 w9i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲנִ֣י מַרְעִ֔ישׁ אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:6](../02/06.md). Alternate translation: “I am bringing about such changes in the situation of the nations around you that it is as if I am shaking” +2:21 fbc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 Yahweh is using the two main components of creation, the **heavens** (that is, the sky) and the **earth**, to represent all of creation. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:6](../02/06.md). Alternate translation: “everything that I have created” +2:22 ni5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כִּסֵּ֣א מַמְלָכ֔וֹת 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **throne**. He means the thrones of all of the **kingdoms** in the world. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the thrones of kingdoms” +2:22 sv3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּסֵּ֣א מַמְלָכ֔וֹת 1 Yahweh is referring to the ruling authority of **kingdoms** by association with the royal **throne** on which the rulers of those kingdoms sit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ruling authority of kingdoms” +2:22 jtdf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism וְ⁠הָפַכְתִּ֤י מֶרְכָּבָה֙ וְ⁠רֹ֣כְבֶ֔י⁠הָ וְ⁠יָרְד֤וּ סוּסִים֙ וְ⁠רֹ֣כְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 Yahweh is using two components of an army, its chariot teams (the chariots and their riders) and its cavalry troops (the horses and their riders), to mean the entire army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy the entire armies of the kingdoms that oppose you” +2:22 wccb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֶרְכָּבָה֙ וְ⁠רֹ֣כְבֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **chariot** and **rider**. He means all of the chariots and riders in the armies of the kingdoms opposed to the Judeans. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the chariots and their riders” +2:22 t5ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠יָרְד֤וּ 1 Here the word **fall** means “die” by association with the way someone who dies will fall to the ground. Be sure that it is clear in your translation that these **horses** and **riders** will not fall down accidentally. Alternate translation: “and … will die” +2:22 rgfm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִ֖ישׁ בְּ⁠חֶ֥רֶב אָחִֽי⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar use of the phrase “a man” in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “each one of them by the sword of his brother” +2:22 js5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אִ֖ישׁ בְּ⁠חֶ֥רֶב אָחִֽי⁠ו 1 Here, **the sword** represents a violent death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “each one when his brother kills him” +2:22 tumq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָחִֽי⁠ו 1 Yahweh is speaking of a fellow soldier as if he were literally the **brother** of another soldier whom he killed. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his fellow solider” +2:23 mzdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠ה֣וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֡וֹת אֶ֠קָּחֲ⁠ךָ זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֤ל עַבְדִּ⁠י֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְ⁠שַׂמְתִּ֖י⁠ךָ כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָ֑ם כִּֽי־בְ⁠ךָ֣ בָחַ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotations in this verse as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh of Armies, declare that on that day I will take him, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant, and I, Yahweh of Armies, declare that I will make him like a signet ring, for I have chosen him” +2:23 o3gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠ה֣וּא 1 Yahweh is using the term **day** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At that time” or “After I have done that” +2:23 dl8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֶ֠קָּחֲ⁠ךָ & וְ⁠שַׂמְתִּ֖י⁠ךָ & בְ⁠ךָ֣ בָחַ֔רְתִּי 1 The word **you** is singular here because it refers to Zerubbabel, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +2:23 t8m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָ֑ם 1 A **signet ring** was a special ring that a ruler could use to imprint an official seal on a document. This ring bore the ruler’s name or some symbol representing him. The ruler would roll up an important document and put wax on it, then press the ring into the wax to create an official seal. If the document had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written in the document was written with the king’s authority and had to be obeyed. You could describe this as “like a ring that a ruler uses to create official seals” +2:23 xdbq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּֽ⁠חוֹתָ֑ם 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a ruler uses a **signet ring** as an instrument of his authority, so **Zerubbabel** would be an instrument of Yahweh’s authority. All the nations would have to obey Zerubbabel’s commands because Zerubbabel would be commanding them with authority that Yahweh had entrusted to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “an instrument of my authority, like a signet ring”