Merge pull request 'Update Titus to current standards' (#2870) from lrsallee-tc-create-1 into master

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2870

en_tn_57-TIT.tsv

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
 TIT	front	intro	m2jl			0		# Introduction to Titus<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the book of Titus<br><br>1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders. (1:1–16)<br>2. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives. (2:1–3:11)<br>3. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers. (3:12–15)<br><br>### Who wrote the book of Titus?<br><br>Paul wrote the book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>### What is the book of Titus about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. He also encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Titus.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to Titus” or “A Letter to Titus.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### In what roles can people serve within the church?<br><br>There are some teachings in the book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural **you**<br><br>In this book, the word **I** refers to Paul. Also, the word **you** is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What is the meaning of **God our Savior**?<br><br>This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him, and by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is **our great God and Savior Jesus Christ**.
 TIT	1	intro	c7me			0		# Titus 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1–4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>In verses 6–9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br><br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Should, may, must<br><br>The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.
-TIT	1	1	rtc9	figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ πίστιν	1	for the faith	**Faith** is an abstract noun. Here it refers to believing or trusting in Jesus. If it is more clear in your language, you could translate it with a verb such as these, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “to strengthen the faith” or “to help [God’s chosen people] to trust him more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+TIT	1	1	rtc9	figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ πίστιν	1	for the faith	The word **faith** is an abstract noun. Here it refers to believing or trusting in Jesus. If it is more clear in your language, you could translate it with a verb such as these, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “to strengthen the faith” or “to help [God’s chosen people] to trust him more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 TIT	1	1	xyz8	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπίγνωσιν	1	the knowledge	If it would be helpful in your language, you can translate the abstract noun **knowledge** with a verb such as “to know,” as in the UST. Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can live in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 TIT	1	1	abc8	figs-abstractnouns	ἀληθείας	1	of the truth	If it would be helpful in your language, you can translate the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective phrase such as “what is true” or “the true message.” Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can live in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 TIT	1	1	fyf8	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν	1	that agrees with godliness	Here, **godliness** is an abstract noun that refers to living in a way that pleases God. Alternate translation: “that is suitable for honoring God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ TIT	1	3	swi9	figs-metaphor	ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτο
 TIT	1	3	abc9		ἐν κηρύγματι	1	by the proclamation	Alternate translation: “through the proclamation of the message”
 TIT	1	3	m41u	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ	1	that I was entrusted with	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he entrusted to me” or “he gave me the responsibility to preach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	1	3	dpn4		τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	of God our Savior	Alternate translation: “of God, who saves us”
-TIT	1	3	xy18	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	1	3	xy18	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Here, **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	1	4	gu55	figs-metaphor	γνησίῳ τέκνῳ	1	a true son	Though Titus was not Paul’s biological **son**, they share a common faith in Christ. Paul considers relationship to Christ through faith to be more important than biological relationship. Thus, because of their relative ages and shared faith in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. It may also be that Paul led Titus to faith in Christ, and so Titus is like a son in this spiritual sense. Alternate translation: “you are like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	1	4	wx6c		κοινὴν πίστιν	1	our common faith	Paul and Titus both share the same faith in Christ. Alternate translation: “our belief in Christ”
+TIT	1	4	wx6c		κοινὴν πίστιν	1	our common faith	Paul and Titus both share the same **faith** in Christ. Alternate translation: “our belief in Christ”
 TIT	1	4	h93t	figs-ellipsis	χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη	1	Grace and peace	This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness and inner peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 TIT	1	4	s3yr		Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	Christ Jesus our Savior	Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
-TIT	1	4	xy17	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	1	4	xy17	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Here, **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	1	5	ew8h	grammar-connect-logic-goal	τούτου χάριν	1	For this purpose	The connecting phrase **For this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 TIT	1	5	lh9b		ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ	1	I left you in Crete	Alternate translation: “I told you to stay in Crete”
 TIT	1	5	ga62		ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ	1	that you might set in order things not yet complete	Alternate translation: “so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
@@ -26,31 +26,31 @@ TIT	1	5	p56w		πρεσβυτέρους	1	elders	In the early Christian churches,
 TIT	1	6	wja4			0	Connecting Statement:	Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul then gives the requirements for elders.
 TIT	1	6	jen8		εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος	1	if anyone is blameless	This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Titus is to choose men who fit the following description. To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “an elder must be without blame” or “an elder must not have a bad reputation”
 TIT	1	6	ab70	figs-doublenegatives	ἀνέγκλητος	1	blameless	To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “without blame” You can state this positively: “a person who has a good reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-TIT	1	6	q6uy	figs-explicit	μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ	1	the husband of one wife	This means that he has only one wife; that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+TIT	1	6	q6uy	figs-explicit	μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ	1	the husband of one wife	This means that he has only **one wife**; that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 TIT	1	6	wd6q		τέκνα…πιστά	1	faithful children	This could refer to: (1) children who believe in Jesus. (2) children who are trustworthy.
 TIT	1	7	lz7x		τὸν ἐπίσκοπον	1	the overseer	The word **overseer** is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as **elder** in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church.
-TIT	1	7	g2zf	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον	1	the household manager of God	Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+TIT	1	7	g2zf	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον	1	the household manager of God	Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s **household**, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	1	7	d6l1		μὴ πάροινον	1	not addicted to wine	Alternate translation: “not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
 TIT	1	7	j1qq		μὴ πλήκτην	1	not a brawler	Alternate translation: “not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
 TIT	1	8	i549	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Instead	The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 TIT	1	8	vkq1		φιλάγαθον	1	a friend of what is good	Alternate translation: “a person who loves to do good”
-TIT	1	8	xy11	figs-doublet	σώφρονα…ἐγκρατῆ	1	sensible … and self-controlled	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+TIT	1	8	xy11	figs-doublet	σώφρονα…ἐγκρατῆ	1	sensible … and self-controlled	The terms **sensible** and **self-controlled** are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-TIT	1	8	xy12	figs-doublet	δίκαιον, ὅσιον	1	righteous, holy	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+TIT	1	8	xy12	figs-doublet	δίκαιον, ὅσιον	1	righteous, holy	The terms **righteous** and **holy** are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 TIT	1	9	xwy6	figs-metaphor	ἀντεχόμενον	1	He must hold tightly to	Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. Alternate translation: “He must be devoted to” or “He should know well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	1	9	xy10		κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν	1	that is in accordance with the teaching	Alternate translation: “that agrees with the things that we taught him”
 TIT	1	9	abcj	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	so that	The connecting words **so that** introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for the elder to hold tightly to the trustworthy message is for him to be able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 TIT	1	9	pzi1		τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ	1	sound teaching	The Greek word rendered at **sound** normally refers to physical health. Paul speaks of this teaching as if it would cause those who believe it to be spiritually healthy, rather than spiritually sick.
 TIT	1	10	xsq9			0	Connecting Statement:	Because of those that would oppose God’s word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God’s word and warns him about false teachers.
-TIT	1	10	w9kk	figs-metaphor	ἀνυπότακτοι, ματαιολόγοι	1	rebellious, empty talkers	These are rebellious people who do not obey the gospel message. Here, **empty** is a metaphor for useless, and **empty talkers** are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “who refuse to obey and who say useless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+TIT	1	10	w9kk	figs-metaphor	ἀνυπότακτοι, ματαιολόγοι	1	rebellious, empty talkers	These are **rebellious** people who do not obey the gospel message. Here, **empty** is a metaphor for useless, and **empty talkers** are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “who refuse to obey and who say useless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	1	10	ga6n		φρεναπάται	1	deceivers	This phrase describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who persuade others to believe things that are not true”
+TIT	1	10	ga6n		φρεναπάται	1	deceivers	The word **deceivers** describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who persuade others to believe things that are not true”
 TIT	1	10	abcd	figs-hendiadys	ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται	1	empty talkers and deceivers	Both **empty talkers** and **deceivers** refer to the same people. They taught false, worthless things and wanted people to believe them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
 TIT	1	10	pu74	figs-metonymy	οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς	1	those from the circumcision	This refers to the Jewish Christians who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. This teaching is false. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 TIT	1	11	f4iy		οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν	1	It is necessary to stop them	Alternate translation: “You must prevent them from spreading their teachings” or “Someone must stop them from influencing others by their words”
 TIT	1	11	aqi5		ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν	1	are upsetting whole households	The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith. Alternate translation: “are ruining entire families”
 TIT	1	11	tw4e		διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ	1	teaching what they should not	These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the law because they are not true.
-TIT	1	11	at7c		αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν	1	for the sake of shameful profit	This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable.
+TIT	1	11	at7c		αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν	1	for the sake of shameful profit	This refers to **profit** that people make by doing things that are not honorable.
 TIT	1	12	tr1j		τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης	1	One of them, of their own prophets	Alternate translation: “A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
-TIT	1	12	y3zb	figs-hyperbole	Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται	1	Cretans are always liars	This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. Alternate translation: “Cretans lie all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+TIT	1	12	y3zb	figs-hyperbole	Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται	1	Cretans are always liars	This is an exaggeration that means that **Cretans** had a reputation to be **liars**. Alternate translation: “Cretans lie all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 TIT	1	12	h3jb	figs-metaphor	κακὰ θηρία	1	evil beasts	This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	1	12	xyz1	figs-synecdoche	γαστέρες ἀργαί	1	lazy bellies	The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 TIT	1	13	fif8		δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως	1	For this reason, rebuke them severely	Alternate translation: “For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ TIT	1	16	ja47		βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες	1	They are detestable	Alternate t
 TIT	2	intro	h3il			0		# Titus 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gender roles<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br><br>### Slavery<br><br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.
 TIT	2	1	lfu1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
 TIT	2	1	tpi2	figs-explicit	σὺ δὲ	1	But you	Here, **you** is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you could include the name “Titus” here, as in the UST. ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-TIT	2	1	ph2j		τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	with sound teaching	See the note on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “with sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
+TIT	2	1	ph2j		τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	with sound teaching	See the note about **sound teaching** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “with sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
-TIT	2	2	xyz3	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτας…εἶναι	1	Older men are to be	The Greek does not have **are**, but only “Older men to be.” We need to supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of **speak** in the previous verse, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+TIT	2	2	xyz3	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτας…εἶναι	1	Older men are to be	The Greek does not have **are**, but only “Older men to be.” We could supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of **speak** in the previous verse, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 TIT	2	2	xy13	figs-doublet	νηφαλίους…σεμνούς, σώφρονας	1	temperate, dignified, sensible	These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 TIT	2	2	xc6t		νηφαλίους	1	temperate	Alternate translation: “sober-minded” or “self-controlled”
-TIT	2	2	y3j2		εἶναι…σώφρονας	1	to be … sensible	Alternate translation: “to … control their desires”
+TIT	2	2	y3j2		σώφρονας	1	to be … sensible	Alternate translation: “in control of their desires”
 TIT	2	2	abc1		ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	sound in faith	Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. See the note about **sound** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1) and the note about **sound in faith** on [Titus 1:13](../01/13/je3r).
 TIT	2	2	m14y	figs-abstractnouns	ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	sound in faith	You can state the abstract noun **faith** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “firmly believe the true teachings about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 TIT	2	2	z14y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	in love	You can state the abstract noun **love** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “truly love others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 TIT	2	2	a14y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	and in perseverance	You can state the abstract noun **perseverance** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-TIT	2	3	gl8e	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως	1	Older women likewise are to be	The Greek does not have **are to be**, but only “older women likewise.” We need to continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women to be” or “Also teach older women to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+TIT	2	3	gl8e	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως	1	Older women likewise are to be	The Greek does not have **are to be**, but only “older women likewise.” We could continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women to be” or “Also teach older women to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-TIT	2	3	v9cp		διαβόλους	1	slanderers	This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
+TIT	2	3	v9cp		διαβόλους	1	slanderers	The word **slanderers** refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
 TIT	2	3	g9re	figs-metaphor	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	enslaved to much wine	People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “controlled by their desire for wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	2	3	xyz4	figs-activepassive	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	enslaved to much wine	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “drinking too much wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	2	3	abc4		καλοδιδασκάλους	1	but to be teachers of what is good	The Greek word used here means “a teacher of what is good.” The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities.
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ TIT	2	7	x73u		σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος	1	present yourself	Alternat
 TIT	2	7	ym6x		τύπον καλῶν ἔργων	1	as an example of good works	Alternate translation: “as an example of one who does right and proper things”
 TIT	2	8	xy14		ὑγιῆ	1	sound	This word **sound** has the same basic meaning as “uncorrupted” in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: “uncorrupted,” meaning, “without error,” and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: **sound**, meaning “correct.” Both terms refer to Titus’ teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning in both places if it is difficult to use two terms.
 TIT	2	8	xt6v	figs-hypo	ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ	1	so that the opponent may be ashamed	This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
-TIT	2	8	xy15	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	2	8	xy15	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	Here, **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-TIT	2	9	xyz5	figs-ellipsis	δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Slaves are to be subject to their own masters	The Greek does not have **are**, but only “slaves to be subject to their masters.” We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is “urge” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+TIT	2	9	xyz5	figs-ellipsis	δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Slaves are to be subject to their own masters	The Greek does not have **are**, but only “slaves to be subject to their masters.” We could apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is “urge” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 TIT	2	9	abcc		ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	are to be subject	Alternate translation: “must obey”
 TIT	2	9	if6v		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in everything	Alternate translation: “in every situation” or “always”
 TIT	2	9	id15		εὐαρέστους εἶναι	1	to be pleasing	Alternate translation: “to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters”
@@ -107,26 +107,26 @@ TIT	2	10	f8jy		τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος
 TIT	2	10	pn93		Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	God our Savior	Alternate translation: “our God who saves us”
 TIT	2	10	xy16	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Here, **our** is inclusive of Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	2	11	y44u			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus’ coming and remember his authority through Jesus.
-TIT	2	11	gp2z	figs-personification	ἐπεφάνη…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the grace of God has appeared	Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+TIT	2	11	gp2z	figs-personification	ἐπεφάνη…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the grace of God has appeared	Paul speaks of **the grace of God** as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 TIT	2	12	qy8k	figs-personification	παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς	1	training us	Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-TIT	2	12	abce	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	2	12	abce	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	Here, **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	2	12	lxb3		τὴν ἀσέβειαν	1	godlessness	Alternate translation: “things that dishonor God”
 TIT	2	12	n3k5		τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	worldly passions	Alternate translation: “strong desires for the things of this world” or “strong desires for sinful pleasures”
 TIT	2	12	xy19		ἀσέβειαν…εὐσεβῶς	1	godlessness … godly way	These terms are direct opposites, meaning “God-dishonoring” and “God-honoring,” respectively.
 TIT	2	12	fk8j		ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι	1	in the present age	Alternate translation: “while we live in this world” or “during this time”
-TIT	2	13	rz93		προσδεχόμενοι	1	while we look forward to receiving	**while we wait to welcome**
+TIT	2	13	rz93		προσδεχόμενοι	1	while we look forward to receiving	Alternate translation: “while we wait to welcome”
 TIT	2	13	xyz6	figs-metonymy	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα	1	the blessed hope	Here, what is **blessed** is that for which we hope, which is the return of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the wonderful thing for which we hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 TIT	2	13	pss7	figs-metonymy	καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Here, **glory** represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: “that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 TIT	2	13	abcf	figs-hendiadys	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης	1	the blessed hope and appearing of the glory	Both **blessed hope** and **appearing of the glory** refer to the same event. This can be shown clearly. Alternate translation: “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
-TIT	2	13	xyz7	figs-hendiadys	τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Both **our great God** and **Savior** refer to the one person, Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
+TIT	2	13	xyz7	figs-hendiadys	τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Both **our great God** and **Savior** refer to the one person, **Jesus Christ**. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
-TIT	2	14	niu4	figs-explicit	ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν	1	gave himself for us	This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: “gave himself to die for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+TIT	2	14	niu4	figs-explicit	ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν	1	gave himself for us	This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: “gave himself to die for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-TIT	2	14	xy20	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	2	14	xy20	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	Here, **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	2	14	gxe7	figs-metaphor	λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας	1	to redeem us from all lawlessness	Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	2	14	xy21	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	2	14	xy21	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	Here, **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	2	14	fjy1		λαὸν περιούσιον	1	a special people	Alternate translation: “a group of people that he treasures”
 TIT	2	14	ii18		ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων	1	zealous for good works	Alternate translation: “who are eager to do good deeds”
 TIT	2	15	abc7		παρακάλει	1	exhort	Alternate translation: “encourage them to do these things”
-TIT	2	15	b94z	figs-explicit	ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς	1	rebuke with all authority	If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should correct can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+TIT	2	15	b94z	figs-explicit	ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς	1	rebuke with all authority	If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should **rebuke** can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 TIT	2	15	h15y		μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	Alternate translation: “Do not allow anyone to ignore you”
 TIT	2	15	xy22	figs-doublenegatives	μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	You can state this positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 TIT	2	15	jbu1	figs-explicit	σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let … disregard you	The way that people would disregard Titus can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Let … refuse to listen to your words” or “Let … refuse to respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -134,58 +134,58 @@ TIT	3	intro	zh6x			0		# Titus 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting
 TIT	3	1	y9tr			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
 TIT	3	1	j2sa		ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς…ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Remind them to submit	Alternate translation: “Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit”
 TIT	3	1	w3fy		ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them	Alternate translation: “to do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them”
-TIT	3	1	wa9x	figs-doublet	ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις	1	to rulers and authorities	These words have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+TIT	3	1	wa9x	figs-doublet	ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις	1	to rulers and authorities	The words **rulers** and **authorities** have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-TIT	3	1	xy25	figs-doublet	ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit … to obey them	These words have similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+TIT	3	1	xy25	figs-doublet	ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit … to obey them	The words **submit** and **obey** have similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 TIT	3	1	in7u		πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι	1	be ready for every good work	Alternate translation: “to be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity”
 TIT	3	2	lug7		βλασφημεῖν	1	to revile	Alternate translation: “to speak evil of”
 TIT	3	2	abcx	figs-doublenegatives	ἀμάχους εἶναι	1	to be uncontentious	You can state this positively: “to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 TIT	3	3	m9zd		ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	For once we also were	Alternate translation: “This is because we ourselves were once”
 TIT	3	3	me7b		ποτε	1	once	Alternate translation: “formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
-TIT	3	3	bl8e	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. Alternate translation: “even we” or “we ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	3	3	bl8e	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	Here, **we** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. Alternate translation: “even we” or “we ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	3	3	rrx9		ἦμεν…ἀνόητοι	1	were foolish	Alternate translation: “were thoughtless” or “were unwise”
-TIT	3	3	qt8f	figs-personification	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+TIT	3	3	qt8f	figs-personification	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	Here, **passions** and **pleasures** are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 TIT	3	3	xy27	figs-activepassive	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	You can translate this in active form. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	3	3	tl5n		ἐπιθυμίαις	1	passions	Alternate translation: “lusts” or “desires”
 TIT	3	3	dec4		ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες	1	We lived in evil and envy	Here, **evil** and **envy** describe sin. The word **evil** is general and **envy** is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have”
 TIT	3	3	y5lp		στυγητοί	1	detestable	Alternate translation: “causing others to hate us”
-TIT	3	4	xy28	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	It is important to mark the contrast here between the evil way that people are (verses 1–3) and the goodness of God (verses 4–7) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
+TIT	3	4	xy28	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	**But** is used here to mark the important contrast here between the evil way that people are (verses 1–3) and the goodness of God (verses 4–7) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
-TIT	3	4	ba5a	figs-personification	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. Alternate translation: “when God our Savior showed us his kindness and love for people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+TIT	3	4	ba5a	figs-personification	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	Paul speaks of God’s **kindness** and **love** as if they were people that came into our sight. Alternate translation: “when God our Savior showed us his kindness and love for people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 TIT	3	4	abcg	figs-abstractnouns	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	You can state the abstract nouns **kindness** and **love** as adjectives. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-TIT	3	4	abch	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	3	4	abch	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Here, **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	3	5	n4ug		κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος	1	by his mercy	Alternate translation: “because he had mercy on us”
-TIT	3	5	k1a6	figs-metaphor	λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας	1	the washing of new birth	Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+TIT	3	5	k1a6	figs-metaphor	λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας	1	the washing of new birth	Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically **washing** them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	3	6	fby9	figs-metaphor	οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως	1	whom God richly poured on us	It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	3	6	xy24	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	3	6	xy24	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	Here, **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	3	6	q9ze		διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	through our Savior Jesus Christ	Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ saved us”
-TIT	3	6	xy23	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+TIT	3	6	xy23	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Here, **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	3	7	di3g	figs-activepassive	δικαιωθέντες	1	having been justified	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 TIT	3	7	q1cm	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	we might become heirs according to the certain hope of everlasting life	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-TIT	3	8	j8md		ὁ λόγος	1	This message	This message is the one just expressed in verses 4–7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus.
+TIT	3	8	j8md		ὁ λόγος	1	This message	This **message** is the one just expressed in verses 4–7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus.
-TIT	3	8	xy29		τούτων	1	these things	This refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1–7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
+TIT	3	8	xy29		τούτων	1	these things	Here, **{these} things** refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1–7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
 TIT	3	8	kqm6		φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι	1	may be careful to engage themselves in good works	Alternate translation: “may seek to do good works”
 TIT	3	9	tzh9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
 TIT	3	9	j1hf		δὲ…περιΐστασο	1	But avoid	Alternate translation: “So avoid” or “Therefore, avoid”
 TIT	3	9	xnf9		μωρὰς…ζητήσεις	1	foolish debates	Alternate translation: “arguments concerning unimportant matters”
-TIT	3	9	qk66		γενεαλογίας	1	genealogies	This is the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus.
+TIT	3	9	qk66		γενεαλογίας	1	genealogies	The word **genealogies** refers to the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus.
-TIT	3	9	xu7f		ἔρεις	1	strife	arguments or fights
+TIT	3	9	xu7f		ἔρεις	1	strife	Alternate translation: “arguments” or “fights”
 TIT	3	9	ky3n		νομικὰς	1	about the law	Alternate translation: “about the law of Moses”
 TIT	3	10	x3fh		αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον…παραιτοῦ	1	Reject a divisive person	Alternate translation: “Stay away from a person who causes division”
 TIT	3	10	xzx1		μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν	1	after one or two warnings	Alternate translation: “after you have warned that person once or twice”
 TIT	3	11	r7pc		ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	such a person	Alternate translation: “a person like that”
-TIT	3	11	inh5	figs-metaphor	ἐξέστραπται	1	has turned from the right way	Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the right path to walk in the wrong direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+TIT	3	11	inh5	figs-metaphor	ἐξέστραπται	1	has turned from the right way	Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the **right** path to walk in the wrong direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 TIT	3	11	p81k		ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος	1	being self-condemned	Alternate translation: “bringing judgment on himself”
 TIT	3	12	z7i4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.
 TIT	3	12	mba6		ὅταν πέμψω	1	When I send	Alternate translation: “After I send”
-TIT	3	12	c32w	translate-names	Ἀρτεμᾶν…Τυχικόν	1	Artemas … Tychicus	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+TIT	3	12	c32w	translate-names	Ἀρτεμᾶν…Τυχικόν	1	Artemas … Tychicus	**Artemas** and **Tychicus** are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 TIT	3	12	knt1		σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν	1	hurry to come	Alternate translation: “come quickly”
-TIT	3	12	xy30		σπούδασον	1	hurry	The verb is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
+TIT	3	12	xy30		σπούδασον	1	hurry	The verb **hurry** is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
 TIT	3	12	gdw9		παραχειμάσαι	1	to spend the winter	Alternate translation: “to stay for the winter”
-TIT	3	13	a46f	translate-names	Ζηνᾶν…Ἀπολλῶν	1	Zenas … Appollos	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+TIT	3	13	a46f	translate-names	Ζηνᾶν…Ἀπολλῶν	1	Zenas … Appollos	**Zenos** and **Apollos** are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 TIT	3	13	s757		καὶ Ἀπολλῶν	1	and Apollos	Alternate translation: “and also Apollos”
 TIT	3	13	j496		σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον	1	Diligently send on their way	Alternate translation: “Do not delay in sending”
 TIT	3	13	xy31	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ	1	so that they lack nothing	You can state this positively: “so that they have everything that they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 TIT	3	14	v7wg			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains that it is important for all believers to provide for those who have needs.
-TIT	3	14	fw98		οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
+TIT	3	14	fw98		οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Here, **our own** refers to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
 TIT	3	14	xy33	figs-exclusive	οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Here, **our** includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 TIT	3	14	tn24		εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας	1	toward essential needs	Alternate translation: “that enable them to help people who lack necessary things”
 TIT	3	14	mji4	figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	in order not to be unfruitful	Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])