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@ -295,65 +295,91 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:16 jz11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνελήμφθη 1 Here Paul implies that Jesus **was taken up** into heaven. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was taken up to heaven”
3:16 xk39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν δόξῃ 1 Here, the phrase **in glory** could describe: (1) how Jesus **was taken up**. Alternate translation: “with much glory” (2) Jesus as he **was taken up**. Alternate translation: “as a glorious being” or “as a person with glory”
3:16 mr3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν δόξῃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “gloriously”
4:intro b39h 0 # 1 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nPaul speaks in [4:14](../04/14.md) of prophecy. A “prophecy” is a message that God communicates to people through someone to whom He has given a special gift of hearing and conveying these messages. The specific prophecy that Paul describes revealed how Timothy would become a gifted leader of the church. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Cultural practices\n\nIn verse 14 Paul speaks of church leaders placing their hands on Timothy. That was one way of indicating publicly that a person was being placed in a leadership position in the church.\n\n### Variation in names\n\nIn this chapter Paul speaks of church leaders called “elders.” They seem to be the same kind of leaders that he calls “overseers” in chapter 3.
4:1 jzr9 δὲ 1 Paul here uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help Timothy and the believers in Ephesus understand the next part of his letter. The false teachings that Timothy must oppose are something that the Spirit has already predicted. You can translate the term with the word or phrase in your language that is most similar in meaning and significance.
4:1 b739 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς 1 This expression refers to the time period when God’s purposes in history are approaching their culmination and so the evil opposition to them increases. Paul is probably referring to the time period between Jesus’ resurrection and his second coming. Alternate translation: “in these days as God’s purposes advance”
4:1 b931 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς πίστεως 1 Paul speaks of people ceasing to trust in Christ as if they were physically leaving a place. Alternate translation: “some people will stop trusting in Jesus”
4:1 hw98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς πίστεως 1 Here, **faith** could refer to: (1) the teachings about Jesus. Alternate translation: “some people will stop believing the teachings about Jesus” (2) trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “some people will stop trusting in Jesus”
4:1 q13m προσέχοντες 1 Alternate translations: “and turn their attention to” or “because they are paying attention to”
4:1 ae5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet πνεύμασι πλάνοις καὶ διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων 1 These two phrases mean similar things. Paul may be using them together for emphasis. If you think having both phrases in your translation might be confusing for your readers, you could combine them into a single expression. Alternate translation: “to the things that evil spirits say to trick people”
4:2 pw29 ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could start a separate sentence here. Alternate translation: “The people who teach these things are hypocrites, and they tell lies”
4:2 u2f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 Paul is speaking of these people as if their sense of right and wrong had been ruined like skin that someone had burned with a hot iron. Alternate translation: “they will not have any sense of right and wrong any more”
4:2 t288 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form. Alternate translation: “they will be people who have destroyed their sense of right and wrong”
4:3 t289 κωλυόντων γαμεῖν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “These people teach that it is wrong to marry”
4:3 wd2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κωλυόντων γαμεῖν 1 The implication of this phrase is that these false teachers will forbid believers to **marry**. Alternate translation: “these people will forbid believers to marry”
4:3 t291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων 1 Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. He does not mean that these false teachers will forbid believers to abstain from certain foods, but that the false teachers will require them to abstain from certain foods. In other words, the meaning of **forbidding** does not carry forward from the previous clause; rather, the meaning of “requiring” should be supplied. Alternate translation: “they will require believers to abstain from certain foods”
4:3 m1d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων 1 The implication of this phrase is that these false teachers will forbid only certain **foods** and that they will impose this restriction on believers. Alternate translation: “they will forbid believers to eat certain foods”
4:3 t293 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet τοῖς πιστοῖς καὶ ἐπεγνωκόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν 1 These two expressions mean the same thing. Paul uses them together for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “by the genuine believers”
4:3 t294 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοῖς πιστοῖς 1 Paul is using the adjective **faithful** as a noun to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by people who believe in Jesus”
4:4 pppf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 The word **For** communicates that what follows is the reason for what Paul just said. Use a natural way in your language to give a reason. Alternate translation: “that is true because”
4:4 dv4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish πᾶν κτίσμα Θεοῦ καλόν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the phrase **every creation** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “everything that God created is good”
4:4 a15j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐδὲν ἀπόβλητον μετὰ εὐχαριστίας λαμβανόμενον 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form, and you could state who would do the action. Alternate translation: “we are free to eat anything that we can thank God for”
4:5 gwcs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 The word **for** communicates that what follows is the reason for the last part of what Paul has just said. In other words, it is the reason why “nothing being received with thanksgiving is vile.” Use a natural way in your language to give a reason. Alternate translation: “because”
4:5 m5mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἁγιάζεται 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form. Alternate translations: “it becomes holy” or “it is suitable to eat”
4:5 fhd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ λόγου Θεοῦ 1 In this context, the term **word** has a specific meaning. It refers to the pronouncement that God made in his word that everything that he created was good. Alternate translation: “because of what God said about it”
4:5 t300 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ἐντεύξεως 1 In context, the implication is that this refers to prayers of thanksgiving to God for food. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and because of the thanks that people offer to God for it in prayer”
4:6 ks5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ταῦτα ὑποτιθέμενος τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were objects that could be physically placed in front of the other believers. Alternate translation: “if you help the believers remember these things”
4:6 hfx3 ταῦτα 1 This refers to the teaching that began in [3:16](../03/16.md).
4:6 h6qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Paul is using the term **brothers** in a generic sense that includes men and women. Alternate translation: “the brothers and sisters”
4:6 uyeb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 The term **the brothers** means fellow believers in Jesus. Alternative translation: “your fellow believers”
4:6 t304 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form, and you could state what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expessed in proper teaching, are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ”
4:6 f8vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας 1 Paul speaks of these statements and teachings as if they could physically feed Timothy and make him strong. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expressed in proper teaching, are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ”
4:6 ny78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας 1 Paul uses the term **words** to describe the statements of belief and the teachings that explain them, both expressed in words. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expressed in proper teaching”
4:7 th4i τοὺς & βεβήλους καὶ γραώδεις μύθους 1 See how you translated **myths** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **profane** in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “foolish, made-up stories in which nothing is sacred”
4:7 elk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom γραώδεις μύθους 1 The term **old-womanish** is an idiom that means “silly” or “foolish.” Paul tells Timothy in [5:2](../05/02.md) that he should respect older women as mothers, so Paul’s expression here should be recognized as idiomatic rather than disrespectful. Your language may have a similar expression. Alternate translation: “old wives’ tales”
4:7 sea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γύμναζε & σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν 1 Paul tells Timothy to work to develop godly character as if he were an athlete improving his physical conditioning. Alternate translation: “diligently practice acting in ways that please God”
4:8 t311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks γὰρ 1 What follows after the word **for** is a direct quotation of a saying that Paul uses for teaching. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by setting off the words that follow in the rest of the verse with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use to indicate a quotation.
4:8 i6rh σωματικὴ γυμνασία 1 Alternate translation: “physical exercise”
4:8 t313 πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὠφέλιμος 1 This could mean: (1) it has some small value. (2) it has value for a little while. (3) it does not have very much value.
4:8 df19 ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα 1 Alternate translation: “will bring benefits”
4:9 t315 πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 As in [1:15](../01/15.md) and [3:1](../03/01.md), in this context, the term **word** means “statement” or “saying.” (Paul is referring to the entire saying that he quoted in the previous verse.) Alternate translation: “this statement is dependable”
4:9 hc1t καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translations: “and we should believe it without any doubt” or “and we should have full confidence in it”
4:10 l2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ 1 The term **this** refers to “godliness,” which Paul mentions in the previous two verses. Paul is giving a reason why Timothy should believe the saying about the value of godliness. He and his other fellow workers are striving very hard to become godly, so it must be valuable. Alternate translation: “after all, it is for godliness that”
4:10 c9db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα 1 The terms **toil** and **struggle** mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the intensity with which he and his fellow workers are serving God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “we work so hard”
4:10 t320 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα 1 This could be the one place where **we** does not include the addressee. Paul has just told Timothy to make godliness his priority rather than physical exercise, and he may be offering himself and his other fellow workers as an example of that for Timothy to follow. So if your language makes that distinction, you may wish to use the exclusive form in this phrase. However, **we** in the next phrase would include Timothy, since Paul is encouraging Timothy to join him and his fellow workers in making godliness his priority as someone who, like them, has hoped in the living God.
4:10 qmj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Θεῷ ζῶντι 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translations: “the God who is genuinely alive” or “the true God”
4:10 t322 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πάντων ἀνθρώπων 1 Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “of all people”
4:12 qi8l μηδείς σου τῆς νεότητος καταφρονείτω 1 The term **despise** here does not mean “hate,” but “think little of” or “scorn.” Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone disrespect you just because you are young”
4:12 t325 ἐν λόγῳ 1 In this context, the term **word** means “what you say.” Alternate translation: “in your speech”
4:13 t326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly what Timothy is to read and to whom, and whom he is to exhort and teach. Alternate translation: “continue reading the Scriptures to the people in the church there, exhorting them, and teaching them”
4:13 kky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns **reading**, **exhortation**, and **teaching** by translating them with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “continue reading the Scriptures to the people in your meeting there, exhorting them, and teaching them”
4:14 i1ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ ἀμέλει 1 You can translate this phrase in a positive way if that is more natural for your language. Alternate translations: “continue to use” or “make sure you develop”
4:14 t22x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μὴ ἀμέλει τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος 1 Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God’s **gift**. Alternate translation: “do not neglect the ability that God has given you”
4:14 hdd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ ἀμέλει τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος 1 The implication is that this **gift** is the ability that God has given Timothy for ministry. Alternate translation: “do not neglect the ability that God has given you”
4:14 xp1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὃ ἐδόθη σοι διὰ προφητείας 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form, and you could state who did the action. Alternate translation: “which you received when leaders of the church prophesied about you”
4:14 rr8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου 1 Paul is speaking of a ceremony during which the church leaders put their **hands** on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. Alternate translation: “when the elders all laid their hands on you”
4:15 sbcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα 1 If it is helpful in your language, you may want to make explicit what **these things** are. Alternate translation: “these things that I am telling you”
4:15 m65m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι 1 Paul is speaking as if Timothy could physically be inside the instructions he has just given him. Alternate translation: “and follow them consistently”
4:15 merc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σου ἡ προκοπὴ 1 If it is helpful in your language, you may want to make explicit in what way Timothy is to make **progress**. Alternate translation: “your increasing ability to live the way that Jesus wants you to live”
4:16 uq6c ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Alternate translation: “Pay attention to how you live and to what you teach”
4:16 zxe7 ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς 1 Alternate translation: “Continue to do these things”
4:16 u7ez καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου 1 This could mean: (1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God’s judgment (2) Timothy will protect himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers. Perhaps Paul means both things since, if Timothy can persuade the people of the church in Ephesus not to listen to the false teachers, then he will also spare them from God’s judgment for the wrong things they would have done if they had listened to those teachers. Alternate translation: “you will keep both yourself and your listeners from believing and doing the wrong things”
4:intro b39h 0 # 1 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Paul commands Timothy regarding his own personal conduct (3:14–5:2)\n * Condemnation of the false teachers (4:1–5)\n * Timothy should train himself for godliness (4:6–10)\n * How Timothy should act as a leader (4:11–16)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### False teachers\n\nIn [4:1](../04/01.md), Paul indicates that some people will stop believing in Jesus. In [4:2](../04/02.md), he indicates that “liars” will teach them what is wrong. These “liars” are false teachers that Paul wants Timothy to confront and discredit. Paul does not include very much about what these false teachers were saying, but he does say that they were telling people not to marry and to avoid certain foods ([4:3](../04/03.md)). He also implies that these false teachers use or tell stories that Paul calls “myths” ([4:7](../04/07.md)). Christians debate what ideas these false teachers were spreading. What is clear is that they were using stories that were not in the Scriptures, and they were convincing people to abstain from things that God said were good. Make sure that this is clear in your translation.\n\n### Timothy’s “gift”\n\nIn [4:14](../04/14.md), Paul speaks about the “gift” that Timothy received. When he received, someone prophesied about it, and the elders laid their hands on Timothy to commission him. It is clear in the context that God gave this “gift,” which is a special skill or ability that Timothy had. Most likely, this skill or ability enabled Timothy to teach and lead believers well. Since Paul does not state or even imply what the “gift” was, you should use a general word or phrase that refers to a special skill or ability.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Training\n\nIn [4:7](../04/07.md), Paul instructs Timothy to “train” himself for godliness. In the following verse, he indicates that “bodily training” is helpful for a little while, but godliness is always helpful. In Timothy’s culture, education included both physical and mental training, and people often used words and ideas related to physical training to describe mental training. Paul similarly uses a word for physical training to describe the hard work required to become godly. Since this is a common metaphor in the Bible, if possible preserve the figure of speech or express the idea in simile form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Which verse contains the trustworthy word?\n\nIn [4:9](../04/09.md), Paul indicates that the “word,” or statement, is **trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance**. It is not clear whether Paul is referring back to something he wrote in [4:8](../04/08.md) or whether he is referring ahead to something he will write in [4:10](../04/10.md). Because of that, the ULT makes [4:9](../04/09.md) its own sentence to preserve the ambiguity. If it is possible, you could express the idea in such a way that the “word” could be either before or after verse 9. If you choose to make the reference explicit, the UST illustrates how you might express the idea if the “word” is in verse 10. Here is how you might express the idea if the “word” is in verse 8:\n * “[8] for ‘bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming.’ [9] That word is trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance. [10] For unto this we toil and struggle, because we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.”\n
4:1 jzr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic that Paul wishes to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
4:1 bhj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo τὸ & Πνεῦμα ῥητῶς λέγει 1 Here Paul does not indicate when or where **the Spirit says** these things. He could be referring to prophecies in the Old Testament, prophecies that were given more recently by Christian prophets, or things that the **the Spirit** was revealing to him. Since it is not clear where and when **the Spirit** speaks, if possible use a general phrase here. Alternate translation: “the Spirit has spoken specifically” or “the Spirit is indicating specifically”
4:1 b739 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς 1 Here, the phrase **later times** could refer to: (1) the last days in general, the period between Jesus’ resurrection and second coming. Alternate translation: “in the last days” or “near the end of this current period of time” (2) sometime **later** than when the Spirit spoke. Alternate translation: “later on” or “sometime later”\n
4:1 b931 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποστήσονταί & τῆς πίστεως 1 Here Paul speaks of rejecting or failing to persist in **the faith** as if it were falling away from a location where **the faith** was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turn away from the faith” or “will reject the faith”\n
4:1 bmbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς πίστεως 1 Here, the word **faith** could refer to: (1) the act of having **faith** in Jesus. Alternate translation: “the faith that they have” (2) what people believe about Jesus when they have **faith** in him. Alternate translation: “what Christians believe”
4:1 hw98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς πίστεως 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “believing in Jesus”
4:1 jgec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσέχοντες 1 Here, the word **attending** could introduce: (1) a further description of what these people do. Alternate translation: “and they will pay attention to” (2) the reason why these people fall away. Alternate translation: “since they pay attention to” (3) the means by which these people fall away. Alternate translation: “by paying attention to”
4:1 u1ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πνεύμασι πλάνοις 1 Here, the phrase **deceiving spirits** refers to evil spiritual beings who deceive people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “deceptive devils” or “evil spirits who deceive”
4:1 ae5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **teachings** that come from **demons**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “teachings from demons”
4:2 tkqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 Here, the word **in** could introduce: (1) the means or cause by which some people will pay attention to deceiving spirits and teachings of demons. Alternate translation: “which they will pay attention to through the hypocrisy of liars” or “because of the hypocrisy of liars” (2) the means by which they learn the teachings of demon. Alternate translation: “which are taught through the hypocrisy of liars”
4:2 pw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hypocrisy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “through liars who act hypocritically”
4:2 u2f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 Here Paul could be speaking as if these people’s **conscience**: (1) had been **seared** so that it can no longer feel anything. In this case, he means that they no longer feel convicted about what is right and wrong. Alternate translation: “who live as if they had been seared in their own conscience” or “no longer being convicted of what is right or wrong” (2) had been branded and thus marked either as belonging to Satan or as a sinner. Alternate translation: “who live as if they had been branded in their own conscience as belonging to Satan” or “having been marked as sinners”
4:2 t288 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that: (1) they did it themselves. Alternate translation: “having seared their own consciences” (2) their hypocrisy and lies did it. Alternate translation: “their hypocrisy having seared their own consciences”
4:2 gp0m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **conscience**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “in their own consciences”
4:3 t291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀπέχεσθαι 1 Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. He does not mean that these false teachers will forbid believers to abstain from certain foods, but that the false teachers will require them to abstain from certain foods. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “requiring to abstain”
4:3 m1d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων 1 Here Paul implies that the false teachers were telling people **to abstain** from certain kinds of **foods**. They were not telling people to abstain from eating in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to abstain from specific foods” or “to abstain from certain types of food”
4:3 wely rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish βρωμάτων ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἔκτισεν 1 Here Paul is further describing the **foods** that the false teachers required people **to abstain** from. He is not distinguishing between some foods that **God created** and other foods that God did not create. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form that describes something rather than distinguishes between things. Alternate translation: “from foods, which God created” or “from foods. God created these foods”\n
4:3 t293 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ εὐχαριστίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **thanksgiving**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “thankfully”
4:3 t294 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἀλήθειαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the true teaching”\n
4:4 pppf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 Here, the word **For** introduces support for what Paul stated in the previous verse about what God made foods for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces support for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I write that about foods because” or “In fact,”
4:4 dv4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πᾶν κτίσμα Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **creation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “everything that has been created by God”
4:4 xyvf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession κτίσμα Θεοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe every **creation** that is made by **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “creation made by God”
4:4 a15j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐδὲν ἀπόβλητον μετὰ εὐχαριστίας λαμβανόμενον 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas with active forms or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the actions, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “people should reject nothing that they receive with thanksgiving”
4:4 n0hr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ εὐχαριστίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **thanksgiving**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “thankfully”
4:5 gwcs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces an explanation of what Paul said in the previous verse about how nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “and here is why:”
4:5 m5mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἁγιάζεται & διὰ λόγου Θεοῦ καὶ ἐντεύξεως 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the word of God and prayer sanctify it” or “God uses his word and prayer to sanctify it”
4:5 fhd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy λόγου Θεοῦ 1 Here, **word** represents something that God has said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the message from God” or “what God has spoken”
4:5 tx86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo λόγου Θεοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **the word of God** refers to something that God has said. It could refer more specifically to God’s declaration that everything he made was good, to the gospel in general, to passages of Scripture that were read before meals, or to God’s response to people’s prayer. However, since Paul used a very general phrase here, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to anything that God has said. Alternate translation: “words from God” or “things that God has spoken”
4:5 t300 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐντεύξεως 1 Here Paul implies that this **prayer** contains the thanksgiving he referred to in [4:4](../04/04.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “prayers of thanksgiving” or “thankful prayer”
4:6 ks5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ταῦτα ὑποτιθέμενος τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Here Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were objects that Timothy would place before other people. He means that Timothy will speak his instructions to these people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Passing these things along to the brothers” or “Teaching these things to the brothers”
4:6 hfx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **these things** could refer to the instructions that Paul has given in [4:1–5](../04/01.md), [3:14–4:5](../03/14.md), or the whole letter so far. Since Paul used a general phrase, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to any of these sections. Alternate translation: “what I have said to you” or “these instructions”
4:6 uyeb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Paul is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers”
4:6 h6qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this.
4:6 lued rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **servant** who could: (1) serve **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “servant who obeys Christ Jesus” (2) have been appointed by **Christ Jesus** to serve others. Alternate translation: “servant appointed by Christ Jesus”
4:6 t304 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the words of the faith and of the good teaching that you have followed nourishing you”
4:6 gmpi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐντρεφόμενος 1 Here, the phrase **being nourished** could introduce: (1) a description of **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “one who is nourished” (2) another condition for being **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “if you are nourished” (3) the result of being **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “and so you will be nourished” or “with the result that you will be nourished”
4:6 f8vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐντρεφόμενος 1 Here Paul speaks as if **the words of the faith and of the good teaching** were food that **nourished** Timothy. He means that these **words** train Timothy and make him stronger spiritually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as if being nourished” or “being strengthened spiritually” or “being trained”
4:6 ny78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **words** that could: (1) be those in which believers have **faith** and that contain **the good teaching**. Alternate translation: “by the words in which we have faith and that contain the good teaching” (2) contain the good news in which believers have **faith** and **the good teaching**. Alternate translation: “by the words that contain the Christian faith and the good teaching”
4:6 ek75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς πίστεως, καὶ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “that we have believed, the words” or “that you trust, the words”
4:6 itnc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας 1 Here Paul is further describing **the good teaching**. He is not distinguishing between some **good teaching** that Timothy has followed and some that he has not followed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form that describes something rather than distinguishes between things. Alternate translation: “of the good teaching, which you have followed” or “of the good teaching. You have followed that good teaching”\n
4:7 inpk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces how Paul wants Timothy to treat **the profane and old-womanish myths** in contrast to how he should treat “the good teaching” ([4:6](../04/06.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Now”
4:7 elk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom γραώδεις 1 The term **old-womanish** describes something that is silly or foolish. Paul does not mean that these **myths** always came from older women or that older women were more likely to believe the **myths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “foolish” or “groundless”
4:7 th4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μύθους 1 The word **myths** refers to a certain kind of story that is generally considered to be untrustworthy. This kind of story is often about what important people did a long time ago. Often, many people in a culture know these stories but do not consider them to be reliable historical narratives. See how you translated this word in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “fictional narratives” or “traditional tales”\n
4:7 enby rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 2 Here, the word **But** introduces what Paul wants Timothy to do instead of listening to the **myths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Rather,” or “In contrast,”
4:7 sea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γύμναζε & σεαυτὸν 1 Here Paul speaks as if Timothy were an athlete who needed to **train** himself. He means that Timothy needs to work hard, as an athlete does, in order to become godly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always strive” or “diligently aspire”
4:7 dayb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρὸς εὐσέβειαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be godly”
4:8-10 u692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks ἡ γὰρ σωματικὴ γυμνασία πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὠφέλιμος, ἡ δὲ εὐσέβεια πρὸς πάντα ὠφέλιμός ἐστιν, ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα ζωῆς τῆς νῦν, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης & πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος & εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὅτι ἠλπίκαμεν ἐπὶ Θεῷ ζῶντι, ὅς ἐστιν Σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων, μάλιστα πιστῶν 1 Paul could be indicating that the trustworthy word can be found in either verse 8 or verse 10. Because it is not certain which verse contains the trustworthy word, the ULT does not include quote marks. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use quote marks or another form to indicate which words make up the trustworthy word. These words could be: (1) **we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers** in verse 10. Alternate translation: “for bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming. The word {is} trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance, for unto this we toil and struggle: ‘We have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.’” (2) **bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming** in verse 8. Alternate translation: “for ‘bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming.’ That word {is} trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance. For unto this we toil and struggle, that we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.”
4:8 t311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a further explanation about why Timothy should train himself for godliness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “and here is why:” or “since”
4:8 t313 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πρὸς ὀλίγον & πρὸς πάντα 1 The phrases **for little** and **for all** could refer to: (1) a **little** time and **all** time. Alternate translation: “for some times … for all times” or “sometimes … always” (2) **little** usefulness and **all** usefulness. Alternate translation: “in some ways … in all ways” or “for a few things … for all things”
4:8 i6rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ δὲ εὐσέβεια 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “but being godly”
4:8 df19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα 1 Here, the phrase **having promise** introduces something about **godliness** that supports the claim that **godliness** is **useful for all**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “since with godliness comes a promise” or “because godliness leads to a promise”
4:8 abdr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἐπαγγελίαν & ζωῆς 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **promise** that could: (1) promise this **life**. Alternate translation: “a promise that guarantees life” (2) be in effect while a person has this **life**. Alternate translation: “promise for life” or “promise during life”
4:8 xnnd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ζωῆς τῆς νῦν, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης 1 Here Paul is referring to true **life** with God that people can have **now** and in the **coming** future, when God resurrects people after they have died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of true life, both now and after the resurrection” or “of life in Christ now and after God renews everything”
4:9 t315 πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος 1 This verse is identical to the first clause in [1:15](../01/15.md). Express the idea as you did there.
4:9 hc1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ λόγος 1 Here, the phrase **The word** could refer: (1) ahead to what Paul is about to write in [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “The following word” (2) back to what Paul wrote in [4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: “That word”
4:10 l2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why the statement is trustworthy and should be accepted (see [4:9](../04/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for something, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “It is trustworthy because”
4:10 uqzu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εἰς τοῦτο & κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὅτι 1 Here, the pronoun **this** could refer: (1) what Paul is about to say in the rest of this verse about hoping in God. Alternate translation: “the reason why we toil and struggle is this, that” (2) to what Paul said in [4:8](../04/08.md) about gaining godliness that leads to life. Alternate translation: “to gain that godliness and life we toil and struggle, because” or “for that reason we toil and struggle, because”
4:10 c9db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα 1 The terms **toil** and **struggle** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “we keep toiling” or “we always struggle”
4:10 qmj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Θεῷ ζῶντι 1 Here, the phrase **the living God** identifies God as the one who “lives.” The primary point is that God actually “lives,” unlike idols and other things that people call “god.” See how you translated this phrase in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “the God who lives” or “the true God”\n
4:10 t322 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πάντων ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of all humans” or “of all men and women”
4:10 vbsj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μάλιστα πιστῶν 1 Here Paul could mean that God is **the Savior** of **believers**: (1) in a special way compared to how he saves **all men**. Alternate translation: “and in a special way of believers” (2) in reality, compared to how he is the only potential **Savior** for **all men**. Alternate translation: “who acts as Savior for believers”
4:11 rbxz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **these things** could refer to the instructions that Paul has given in [4:6–10](../04/06.md), [4:1–10](../04/01.md), or the whole letter so far. Since Paul used a general phrase, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to any of these sections. Alternate translation: “what I have said to you” or “these instructions”\n
4:12 qi8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p μηδείς σου τῆς νεότητος καταφρονείτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People must not despise your youth” or “You must not tolerate anyone despising your youth”
4:12 p5wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σου τῆς νεότητος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **youth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how young you are”
4:12 yavx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σου τῆς νεότητος 1 Here Paul implies that people might **despise** Timothy because of his **youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you because of your youth”
4:12 g5dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν λόγῳ, ἐν ἀναστροφῇ, ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐν πίστει, ἐν ἁγνίᾳ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “as you speak, act, love, believe, and act purely”\n
4:12 t325 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν λόγῳ 1 Here, **word** represents things that Timothy speaks using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the things you say” or “in words”
4:13 ekf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχομαι 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “I go to you”
4:13 t326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Here Paul implies that the **reading**, **exhortation**, and **teaching** take place in public meetings of the church where Timothy was. In these meetings, someone would read passages from the Scriptures, someone would exhort the other believers, and leaders would teach about the Scriptures and the good news. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “attend in the gathering of believers to the reading, to the exhortation, to the teaching” or “attend to the public reading of the Scriptures, to the exhortation of fellow believers, to the teaching of the truth”
4:13 kky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “attend to reading, exhorting, teaching”\n
4:14 i1ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ ἀμέλει 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **neglect**. Alternate translation: “Cherish” or “Attend to”\n
4:14 t22x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος 1 Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God’s **gift**. He means that Timothy has this **gift**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gift that you have”
4:14 hdd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος 1 Here Paul implies that this **gift** is a specific ability or skill that God had given Timothy for his ministry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the skill that you have as a gift” or “the gift in you, your special ability”
4:14 xp1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐδόθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God gave”
4:14 jd1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ προφητείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **prophecy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “through someone prophesying” or “when a person prophesied about you”
4:14 rr8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction μετὰ ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου 1 Here Paul is speaking of a ceremony during which the church leaders put their **hands** on Timothy. When they did that, they were commissioning Timothy to go with Paul and proclaim the gospel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a comparable action in your culture, or you could explaining what this action means. Alternate translation: “with the laying on of the hands of the council of elders to commission you” or “when the council of elders authorized you by laying their hands on you”
4:15 sbcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **these things** could refer to the instructions that Paul has given in [4:11–14](../04/11.md), [4:6–14](../04/06.md), or the whole letter so far. Since Paul used a general phrase, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to any of these sections. Alternate translation: “what I have said to you” or “these instructions”
4:15 m65m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι 1 Here Paul speaks as if Timothy could physically be inside the instructions he has given to Timothy. He means that Timothy always needs to focus on and perform these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be absorbed by them” or “follow them consistently”
4:15 merc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σου ἡ προκοπὴ 1 Here Paul implies that Timothy’s **progress** will be in his Christian life and ministry. In other words, he will have **progress** as he believes in Jesus, learns more about the gospel, and serves others using his gift. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “your progress in your Christian life” or “your progress as a believer”
4:15 virc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σου ἡ προκοπὴ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **progress**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how you are progressing” or “how you are improving”
4:15 qkli rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πᾶσιν 1 Paul is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all people, or perhaps more specifically all believers. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to all people” or “to all believers”
4:16 uq6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Here Paul means that Timothy should **Pay attention** to himself and to the **teaching** in order to make sure that neither he nor his teaching include anything bad or wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Pay attention so that you and the teaching are right and proper” or “Watch out lest anything corrupt you or the teaching”
4:16 vk68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς, τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second and third clause give the basis for the command in the first clause. Alternate translation: “Doing this, you will save both yourself and the ones hearing you. Therefore, continue in them”
4:16 zxe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 Here, the pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) “these things” in [4:15](../04/15.md). Alternate translation: “in the things I have written about” (2) paying attention to himself and the teaching. Alternate translation: “in proper behavior and right teaching”
5:intro jx4e 0 # 1 Timothy 5 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Honor and respect\n\nPaul encourages younger Christians to honor and respect older Christians. Cultures honor and respect older people in different ways.\n\n### Widows\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was important to care for widows because they could not provide for themselves.\n\n### Variation in names\n\nIn this chapter, as in chapter 4, Paul speaks of church leaders called “elders.” Here, as well, they seem to be the same kind of leaders that he calls “overseers” in chapter 3.
5:1 wt5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nPaul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of “you” or different forms for commands would use the singular form here.
5:1 l4w5 πρεσβυτέρῳ μὴ ἐπιπλήξῃς 1 Alternate translation: “Do not reprimand an older man”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
295 3:16 jz11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνελήμφθη 1 Here Paul implies that Jesus **was taken up** into heaven. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was taken up to heaven”
296 3:16 xk39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν δόξῃ 1 Here, the phrase **in glory** could describe: (1) how Jesus **was taken up**. Alternate translation: “with much glory” (2) Jesus as he **was taken up**. Alternate translation: “as a glorious being” or “as a person with glory”
297 3:16 mr3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν δόξῃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “gloriously”
298 4:intro b39h 0 # 1 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nPaul speaks in [4:14](../04/14.md) of prophecy. A “prophecy” is a message that God communicates to people through someone to whom He has given a special gift of hearing and conveying these messages. The specific prophecy that Paul describes revealed how Timothy would become a gifted leader of the church. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Cultural practices\n\nIn verse 14 Paul speaks of church leaders placing their hands on Timothy. That was one way of indicating publicly that a person was being placed in a leadership position in the church.\n\n### Variation in names\n\nIn this chapter Paul speaks of church leaders called “elders.” They seem to be the same kind of leaders that he calls “overseers” in chapter 3. # 1 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Paul commands Timothy regarding his own personal conduct (3:14–5:2)\n * Condemnation of the false teachers (4:1–5)\n * Timothy should train himself for godliness (4:6–10)\n * How Timothy should act as a leader (4:11–16)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### False teachers\n\nIn [4:1](../04/01.md), Paul indicates that some people will stop believing in Jesus. In [4:2](../04/02.md), he indicates that “liars” will teach them what is wrong. These “liars” are false teachers that Paul wants Timothy to confront and discredit. Paul does not include very much about what these false teachers were saying, but he does say that they were telling people not to marry and to avoid certain foods ([4:3](../04/03.md)). He also implies that these false teachers use or tell stories that Paul calls “myths” ([4:7](../04/07.md)). Christians debate what ideas these false teachers were spreading. What is clear is that they were using stories that were not in the Scriptures, and they were convincing people to abstain from things that God said were good. Make sure that this is clear in your translation.\n\n### Timothy’s “gift”\n\nIn [4:14](../04/14.md), Paul speaks about the “gift” that Timothy received. When he received, someone prophesied about it, and the elders laid their hands on Timothy to commission him. It is clear in the context that God gave this “gift,” which is a special skill or ability that Timothy had. Most likely, this skill or ability enabled Timothy to teach and lead believers well. Since Paul does not state or even imply what the “gift” was, you should use a general word or phrase that refers to a special skill or ability.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Training\n\nIn [4:7](../04/07.md), Paul instructs Timothy to “train” himself for godliness. In the following verse, he indicates that “bodily training” is helpful for a little while, but godliness is always helpful. In Timothy’s culture, education included both physical and mental training, and people often used words and ideas related to physical training to describe mental training. Paul similarly uses a word for physical training to describe the hard work required to become godly. Since this is a common metaphor in the Bible, if possible preserve the figure of speech or express the idea in simile form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Which verse contains the trustworthy word?\n\nIn [4:9](../04/09.md), Paul indicates that the “word,” or statement, is **trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance**. It is not clear whether Paul is referring back to something he wrote in [4:8](../04/08.md) or whether he is referring ahead to something he will write in [4:10](../04/10.md). Because of that, the ULT makes [4:9](../04/09.md) its own sentence to preserve the ambiguity. If it is possible, you could express the idea in such a way that the “word” could be either before or after verse 9. If you choose to make the reference explicit, the UST illustrates how you might express the idea if the “word” is in verse 10. Here is how you might express the idea if the “word” is in verse 8:\n * “[8] for ‘bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming.’ [9] That word is trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance. [10] For unto this we toil and struggle, because we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.”\n
299 4:1 jzr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Paul here uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help Timothy and the believers in Ephesus understand the next part of his letter. The false teachings that Timothy must oppose are something that the Spirit has already predicted. You can translate the term with the word or phrase in your language that is most similar in meaning and significance. Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic that Paul wishes to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
300 4:1 b739 bhj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς τὸ & Πνεῦμα ῥητῶς λέγει 1 This expression refers to the time period when God’s purposes in history are approaching their culmination and so the evil opposition to them increases. Paul is probably referring to the time period between Jesus’ resurrection and his second coming. Alternate translation: “in these days as God’s purposes advance” Here Paul does not indicate when or where **the Spirit says** these things. He could be referring to prophecies in the Old Testament, prophecies that were given more recently by Christian prophets, or things that the **the Spirit** was revealing to him. Since it is not clear where and when **the Spirit** speaks, if possible use a general phrase here. Alternate translation: “the Spirit has spoken specifically” or “the Spirit is indicating specifically”
301 4:1 b931 b739 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς πίστεως ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς 1 Paul speaks of people ceasing to trust in Christ as if they were physically leaving a place. Alternate translation: “some people will stop trusting in Jesus” Here, the phrase **later times** could refer to: (1) the last days in general, the period between Jesus’ resurrection and second coming. Alternate translation: “in the last days” or “near the end of this current period of time” (2) sometime **later** than when the Spirit spoke. Alternate translation: “later on” or “sometime later”\n
302 4:1 hw98 b931 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς πίστεως ἀποστήσονταί & τῆς πίστεως 1 Here, **faith** could refer to: (1) the teachings about Jesus. Alternate translation: “some people will stop believing the teachings about Jesus” (2) trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “some people will stop trusting in Jesus” Here Paul speaks of rejecting or failing to persist in **the faith** as if it were falling away from a location where **the faith** was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turn away from the faith” or “will reject the faith”\n
303 4:1 q13m bmbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσέχοντες τῆς πίστεως 1 Alternate translations: “and turn their attention to” or “because they are paying attention to” Here, the word **faith** could refer to: (1) the act of having **faith** in Jesus. Alternate translation: “the faith that they have” (2) what people believe about Jesus when they have **faith** in him. Alternate translation: “what Christians believe”
304 4:1 ae5w hw98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πνεύμασι πλάνοις καὶ διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων τῆς πίστεως 1 These two phrases mean similar things. Paul may be using them together for emphasis. If you think having both phrases in your translation might be confusing for your readers, you could combine them into a single expression. Alternate translation: “to the things that evil spirits say to trick people” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “believing in Jesus”
305 4:2 4:1 pw29 jgec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων προσέχοντες 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could start a separate sentence here. Alternate translation: “The people who teach these things are hypocrites, and they tell lies” Here, the word **attending** could introduce: (1) a further description of what these people do. Alternate translation: “and they will pay attention to” (2) the reason why these people fall away. Alternate translation: “since they pay attention to” (3) the means by which these people fall away. Alternate translation: “by paying attention to”
306 4:2 4:1 u2f4 u1ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν πνεύμασι πλάνοις 1 Paul is speaking of these people as if their sense of right and wrong had been ruined like skin that someone had burned with a hot iron. Alternate translation: “they will not have any sense of right and wrong any more” Here, the phrase **deceiving spirits** refers to evil spiritual beings who deceive people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “deceptive devils” or “evil spirits who deceive”
307 4:2 4:1 t288 ae5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form. Alternate translation: “they will be people who have destroyed their sense of right and wrong” Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **teachings** that come from **demons**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “teachings from demons”
308 4:3 4:2 t289 tkqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κωλυόντων γαμεῖν ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “These people teach that it is wrong to marry” Here, the word **in** could introduce: (1) the means or cause by which some people will pay attention to deceiving spirits and teachings of demons. Alternate translation: “which they will pay attention to through the hypocrisy of liars” or “because of the hypocrisy of liars” (2) the means by which they learn the teachings of demon. Alternate translation: “which are taught through the hypocrisy of liars”
309 4:3 4:2 wd2l pw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κωλυόντων γαμεῖν ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 The implication of this phrase is that these false teachers will forbid believers to **marry**. Alternate translation: “these people will forbid believers to marry” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hypocrisy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “through liars who act hypocritically”
310 4:3 4:2 t291 u2f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. He does not mean that these false teachers will forbid believers to abstain from certain foods, but that the false teachers will require them to abstain from certain foods. In other words, the meaning of **forbidding** does not carry forward from the previous clause; rather, the meaning of “requiring” should be supplied. Alternate translation: “they will require believers to abstain from certain foods” Here Paul could be speaking as if these people’s **conscience**: (1) had been **seared** so that it can no longer feel anything. In this case, he means that they no longer feel convicted about what is right and wrong. Alternate translation: “who live as if they had been seared in their own conscience” or “no longer being convicted of what is right or wrong” (2) had been branded and thus marked either as belonging to Satan or as a sinner. Alternate translation: “who live as if they had been branded in their own conscience as belonging to Satan” or “having been marked as sinners”
311 4:3 4:2 m1d6 t288 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 The implication of this phrase is that these false teachers will forbid only certain **foods** and that they will impose this restriction on believers. Alternate translation: “they will forbid believers to eat certain foods” If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that: (1) they did it themselves. Alternate translation: “having seared their own consciences” (2) their hypocrisy and lies did it. Alternate translation: “their hypocrisy having seared their own consciences”
312 4:3 4:2 t293 gp0m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τοῖς πιστοῖς καὶ ἐπεγνωκόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 These two expressions mean the same thing. Paul uses them together for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “by the genuine believers” If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **conscience**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “in their own consciences”
313 4:3 t294 t291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τοῖς πιστοῖς ἀπέχεσθαι 1 Paul is using the adjective **faithful** as a noun to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by people who believe in Jesus” Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. He does not mean that these false teachers will forbid believers to abstain from certain foods, but that the false teachers will require them to abstain from certain foods. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “requiring to abstain”
314 4:4 4:3 pppf m1d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅτι ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων 1 The word **For** communicates that what follows is the reason for what Paul just said. Use a natural way in your language to give a reason. Alternate translation: “that is true because” Here Paul implies that the false teachers were telling people **to abstain** from certain kinds of **foods**. They were not telling people to abstain from eating in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to abstain from specific foods” or “to abstain from certain types of food”
315 4:4 4:3 dv4s wely rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish πᾶν κτίσμα Θεοῦ καλόν βρωμάτων ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἔκτισεν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the phrase **every creation** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “everything that God created is good” Here Paul is further describing the **foods** that the false teachers required people **to abstain** from. He is not distinguishing between some foods that **God created** and other foods that God did not create. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form that describes something rather than distinguishes between things. Alternate translation: “from foods, which God created” or “from foods. God created these foods”\n
316 4:4 4:3 a15j t293 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns οὐδὲν ἀπόβλητον μετὰ εὐχαριστίας λαμβανόμενον μετὰ εὐχαριστίας 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form, and you could state who would do the action. Alternate translation: “we are free to eat anything that we can thank God for” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **thanksgiving**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “thankfully”
317 4:5 4:3 gwcs t294 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns γὰρ τὴν ἀλήθειαν 1 The word **for** communicates that what follows is the reason for the last part of what Paul has just said. In other words, it is the reason why “nothing being received with thanksgiving is vile.” Use a natural way in your language to give a reason. Alternate translation: “because” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the true teaching”\n
318 4:5 4:4 m5mb pppf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἁγιάζεται ὅτι 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form. Alternate translations: “it becomes holy” or “it is suitable to eat” Here, the word **For** introduces support for what Paul stated in the previous verse about what God made foods for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces support for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I write that about foods because” or “In fact,”
319 4:5 4:4 fhd6 dv4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ λόγου Θεοῦ πᾶν κτίσμα Θεοῦ 1 In this context, the term **word** has a specific meaning. It refers to the pronouncement that God made in his word that everything that he created was good. Alternate translation: “because of what God said about it” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **creation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “everything that has been created by God”
320 4:5 4:4 t300 xyvf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession καὶ ἐντεύξεως κτίσμα Θεοῦ 1 In context, the implication is that this refers to prayers of thanksgiving to God for food. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and because of the thanks that people offer to God for it in prayer” Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe every **creation** that is made by **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “creation made by God”
321 4:6 4:4 ks5x a15j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ταῦτα ὑποτιθέμενος τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς οὐδὲν ἀπόβλητον μετὰ εὐχαριστίας λαμβανόμενον 1 Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were objects that could be physically placed in front of the other believers. Alternate translation: “if you help the believers remember these things” If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas with active forms or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the actions, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “people should reject nothing that they receive with thanksgiving”
322 4:6 4:4 hfx3 n0hr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ταῦτα μετὰ εὐχαριστίας 1 This refers to the teaching that began in [3:16](../03/16.md). If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **thanksgiving**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “thankfully”
323 4:6 4:5 h6qr gwcs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς γὰρ 1 Paul is using the term **brothers** in a generic sense that includes men and women. Alternate translation: “the brothers and sisters” Here, the word **for** introduces an explanation of what Paul said in the previous verse about how nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “and here is why:”
324 4:6 4:5 uyeb m5mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἁγιάζεται & διὰ λόγου Θεοῦ καὶ ἐντεύξεως 1 The term **the brothers** means fellow believers in Jesus. Alternative translation: “your fellow believers” If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the word of God and prayer sanctify it” or “God uses his word and prayer to sanctify it”
325 4:6 4:5 t304 fhd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας λόγου Θεοῦ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form, and you could state what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expessed in proper teaching, are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ” Here, **word** represents something that God has said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the message from God” or “what God has spoken”
326 4:6 4:5 f8vs tx86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας λόγου Θεοῦ 1 Paul speaks of these statements and teachings as if they could physically feed Timothy and make him strong. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expressed in proper teaching, are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ” Here, the phrase **the word of God** refers to something that God has said. It could refer more specifically to God’s declaration that everything he made was good, to the gospel in general, to passages of Scripture that were read before meals, or to God’s response to people’s prayer. However, since Paul used a very general phrase here, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to anything that God has said. Alternate translation: “words from God” or “things that God has spoken”
327 4:6 4:5 ny78 t300 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ἐντεύξεως 1 Paul uses the term **words** to describe the statements of belief and the teachings that explain them, both expressed in words. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expressed in proper teaching” Here Paul implies that this **prayer** contains the thanksgiving he referred to in [4:4](../04/04.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “prayers of thanksgiving” or “thankful prayer”
328 4:7 4:6 th4i ks5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς & βεβήλους καὶ γραώδεις μύθους ταῦτα ὑποτιθέμενος τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 See how you translated **myths** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **profane** in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “foolish, made-up stories in which nothing is sacred” Here Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were objects that Timothy would place before other people. He means that Timothy will speak his instructions to these people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Passing these things along to the brothers” or “Teaching these things to the brothers”
329 4:7 4:6 elk7 hfx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo γραώδεις μύθους ταῦτα 1 The term **old-womanish** is an idiom that means “silly” or “foolish.” Paul tells Timothy in [5:2](../05/02.md) that he should respect older women as mothers, so Paul’s expression here should be recognized as idiomatic rather than disrespectful. Your language may have a similar expression. Alternate translation: “old wives’ tales” Here, the phrase **these things** could refer to the instructions that Paul has given in [4:1–5](../04/01.md), [3:14–4:5](../03/14.md), or the whole letter so far. Since Paul used a general phrase, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to any of these sections. Alternate translation: “what I have said to you” or “these instructions”
330 4:7 4:6 sea5 uyeb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γύμναζε & σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Paul tells Timothy to work to develop godly character as if he were an athlete improving his physical conditioning. Alternate translation: “diligently practice acting in ways that please God” Paul is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers”
331 4:8 4:6 t311 h6qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations γὰρ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 What follows after the word **for** is a direct quotation of a saying that Paul uses for teaching. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by setting off the words that follow in the rest of the verse with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use to indicate a quotation. Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this.
332 4:8 4:6 i6rh lued rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession σωματικὴ γυμνασία διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “physical exercise” Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **servant** who could: (1) serve **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “servant who obeys Christ Jesus” (2) have been appointed by **Christ Jesus** to serve others. Alternate translation: “servant appointed by Christ Jesus”
333 4:8 4:6 t313 t304 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὠφέλιμος ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας 1 This could mean: (1) it has some small value. (2) it has value for a little while. (3) it does not have very much value. If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the words of the faith and of the good teaching that you have followed nourishing you”
334 4:8 4:6 df19 gmpi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα ἐντρεφόμενος 1 Alternate translation: “will bring benefits” Here, the phrase **being nourished** could introduce: (1) a description of **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “one who is nourished” (2) another condition for being **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “if you are nourished” (3) the result of being **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “and so you will be nourished” or “with the result that you will be nourished”
335 4:9 4:6 t315 f8vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πιστὸς ὁ λόγος ἐντρεφόμενος 1 As in [1:15](../01/15.md) and [3:1](../03/01.md), in this context, the term **word** means “statement” or “saying.” (Paul is referring to the entire saying that he quoted in the previous verse.) Alternate translation: “this statement is dependable” Here Paul speaks as if **the words of the faith and of the good teaching** were food that **nourished** Timothy. He means that these **words** train Timothy and make him stronger spiritually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as if being nourished” or “being strengthened spiritually” or “being trained”
336 4:9 4:6 hc1t ny78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translations: “and we should believe it without any doubt” or “and we should have full confidence in it” Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **words** that could: (1) be those in which believers have **faith** and that contain **the good teaching**. Alternate translation: “by the words in which we have faith and that contain the good teaching” (2) contain the good news in which believers have **faith** and **the good teaching**. Alternate translation: “by the words that contain the Christian faith and the good teaching”
337 4:10 4:6 l2yl ek75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ τῆς πίστεως, καὶ 1 The term **this** refers to “godliness,” which Paul mentions in the previous two verses. Paul is giving a reason why Timothy should believe the saying about the value of godliness. He and his other fellow workers are striving very hard to become godly, so it must be valuable. Alternate translation: “after all, it is for godliness that” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “that we have believed, the words” or “that you trust, the words”
338 4:10 4:6 c9db itnc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας 1 The terms **toil** and **struggle** mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the intensity with which he and his fellow workers are serving God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “we work so hard” Here Paul is further describing **the good teaching**. He is not distinguishing between some **good teaching** that Timothy has followed and some that he has not followed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form that describes something rather than distinguishes between things. Alternate translation: “of the good teaching, which you have followed” or “of the good teaching. You have followed that good teaching”\n
339 4:10 4:7 t320 inpk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα δὲ 1 This could be the one place where **we** does not include the addressee. Paul has just told Timothy to make godliness his priority rather than physical exercise, and he may be offering himself and his other fellow workers as an example of that for Timothy to follow. So if your language makes that distinction, you may wish to use the exclusive form in this phrase. However, **we** in the next phrase would include Timothy, since Paul is encouraging Timothy to join him and his fellow workers in making godliness his priority as someone who, like them, has hoped in the living God. Here, the word **But** introduces how Paul wants Timothy to treat **the profane and old-womanish myths** in contrast to how he should treat “the good teaching” ([4:6](../04/06.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Now”
340 4:10 4:7 qmj6 elk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Θεῷ ζῶντι γραώδεις 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translations: “the God who is genuinely alive” or “the true God” The term **old-womanish** describes something that is silly or foolish. Paul does not mean that these **myths** always came from older women or that older women were more likely to believe the **myths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “foolish” or “groundless”
341 4:10 4:7 t322 th4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πάντων ἀνθρώπων μύθους 1 Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “of all people” The word **myths** refers to a certain kind of story that is generally considered to be untrustworthy. This kind of story is often about what important people did a long time ago. Often, many people in a culture know these stories but do not consider them to be reliable historical narratives. See how you translated this word in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “fictional narratives” or “traditional tales”\n
342 4:12 4:7 qi8l enby rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast μηδείς σου τῆς νεότητος καταφρονείτω δὲ 1 2 The term **despise** here does not mean “hate,” but “think little of” or “scorn.” Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone disrespect you just because you are young” Here, the word **But** introduces what Paul wants Timothy to do instead of listening to the **myths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Rather,” or “In contrast,”
343 4:12 4:7 t325 sea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν λόγῳ γύμναζε & σεαυτὸν 1 In this context, the term **word** means “what you say.” Alternate translation: “in your speech” Here Paul speaks as if Timothy were an athlete who needed to **train** himself. He means that Timothy needs to work hard, as an athlete does, in order to become godly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always strive” or “diligently aspire”
344 4:13 4:7 t326 dayb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ πρὸς εὐσέβειαν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly what Timothy is to read and to whom, and whom he is to exhort and teach. Alternate translation: “continue reading the Scriptures to the people in the church there, exhorting them, and teaching them” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be godly”
345 4:13 4:8-10 kky7 u692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ ἡ γὰρ σωματικὴ γυμνασία πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὠφέλιμος, ἡ δὲ εὐσέβεια πρὸς πάντα ὠφέλιμός ἐστιν, ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα ζωῆς τῆς νῦν, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης & πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος & εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὅτι ἠλπίκαμεν ἐπὶ Θεῷ ζῶντι, ὅς ἐστιν Σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων, μάλιστα πιστῶν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns **reading**, **exhortation**, and **teaching** by translating them with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “continue reading the Scriptures to the people in your meeting there, exhorting them, and teaching them” Paul could be indicating that the trustworthy word can be found in either verse 8 or verse 10. Because it is not certain which verse contains the trustworthy word, the ULT does not include quote marks. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use quote marks or another form to indicate which words make up the trustworthy word. These words could be: (1) **we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers** in verse 10. Alternate translation: “for bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming. The word {is} trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance, for unto this we toil and struggle: ‘We have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.’” (2) **bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming** in verse 8. Alternate translation: “for ‘bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming.’ That word {is} trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance. For unto this we toil and struggle, that we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.”
346 4:14 4:8 i1ka t311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases μὴ ἀμέλει γὰρ 1 You can translate this phrase in a positive way if that is more natural for your language. Alternate translations: “continue to use” or “make sure you develop” Here, the word **for** introduces a further explanation about why Timothy should train himself for godliness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “and here is why:” or “since”
347 4:14 4:8 t22x t313 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μὴ ἀμέλει τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος πρὸς ὀλίγον & πρὸς πάντα 1 Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God’s **gift**. Alternate translation: “do not neglect the ability that God has given you” The phrases **for little** and **for all** could refer to: (1) a **little** time and **all** time. Alternate translation: “for some times … for all times” or “sometimes … always” (2) **little** usefulness and **all** usefulness. Alternate translation: “in some ways … in all ways” or “for a few things … for all things”
348 4:14 4:8 hdd9 i6rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μὴ ἀμέλει τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος ἡ δὲ εὐσέβεια 1 The implication is that this **gift** is the ability that God has given Timothy for ministry. Alternate translation: “do not neglect the ability that God has given you” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “but being godly”
349 4:14 4:8 xp1k df19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃ ἐδόθη σοι διὰ προφητείας ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this passive phrase with an active form, and you could state who did the action. Alternate translation: “which you received when leaders of the church prophesied about you” Here, the phrase **having promise** introduces something about **godliness** that supports the claim that **godliness** is **useful for all**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “since with godliness comes a promise” or “because godliness leads to a promise”
350 4:14 4:8 rr8f abdr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου ἐπαγγελίαν & ζωῆς 1 Paul is speaking of a ceremony during which the church leaders put their **hands** on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. Alternate translation: “when the elders all laid their hands on you” Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **promise** that could: (1) promise this **life**. Alternate translation: “a promise that guarantees life” (2) be in effect while a person has this **life**. Alternate translation: “promise for life” or “promise during life”
351 4:15 4:8 sbcg xnnd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα ζωῆς τῆς νῦν, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης 1 If it is helpful in your language, you may want to make explicit what **these things** are. Alternate translation: “these things that I am telling you” Here Paul is referring to true **life** with God that people can have **now** and in the **coming** future, when God resurrects people after they have died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of true life, both now and after the resurrection” or “of life in Christ now and after God renews everything”
352 4:15 4:9 m65m t315 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος 1 Paul is speaking as if Timothy could physically be inside the instructions he has just given him. Alternate translation: “and follow them consistently” This verse is identical to the first clause in [1:15](../01/15.md). Express the idea as you did there.
353 4:15 4:9 merc hc1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σου ἡ προκοπὴ ὁ λόγος 1 If it is helpful in your language, you may want to make explicit in what way Timothy is to make **progress**. Alternate translation: “your increasing ability to live the way that Jesus wants you to live” Here, the phrase **The word** could refer: (1) ahead to what Paul is about to write in [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “The following word” (2) back to what Paul wrote in [4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: “That word”
354 4:16 4:10 uq6c l2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ γὰρ 1 Alternate translation: “Pay attention to how you live and to what you teach” Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why the statement is trustworthy and should be accepted (see [4:9](../04/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for something, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “It is trustworthy because”
355 4:16 4:10 zxe7 uqzu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς εἰς τοῦτο & κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὅτι 1 Alternate translation: “Continue to do these things” Here, the pronoun **this** could refer: (1) what Paul is about to say in the rest of this verse about hoping in God. Alternate translation: “the reason why we toil and struggle is this, that” (2) to what Paul said in [4:8](../04/08.md) about gaining godliness that leads to life. Alternate translation: “to gain that godliness and life we toil and struggle, because” or “for that reason we toil and struggle, because”
356 4:16 4:10 u7ez c9db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα 1 This could mean: (1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God’s judgment (2) Timothy will protect himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers. Perhaps Paul means both things since, if Timothy can persuade the people of the church in Ephesus not to listen to the false teachers, then he will also spare them from God’s judgment for the wrong things they would have done if they had listened to those teachers. Alternate translation: “you will keep both yourself and your listeners from believing and doing the wrong things” The terms **toil** and **struggle** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “we keep toiling” or “we always struggle”
357 4:10 qmj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Θεῷ ζῶντι 1 Here, the phrase **the living God** identifies God as the one who “lives.” The primary point is that God actually “lives,” unlike idols and other things that people call “god.” See how you translated this phrase in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “the God who lives” or “the true God”\n
358 4:10 t322 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πάντων ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of all humans” or “of all men and women”
359 4:10 vbsj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μάλιστα πιστῶν 1 Here Paul could mean that God is **the Savior** of **believers**: (1) in a special way compared to how he saves **all men**. Alternate translation: “and in a special way of believers” (2) in reality, compared to how he is the only potential **Savior** for **all men**. Alternate translation: “who acts as Savior for believers”
360 4:11 rbxz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **these things** could refer to the instructions that Paul has given in [4:6–10](../04/06.md), [4:1–10](../04/01.md), or the whole letter so far. Since Paul used a general phrase, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to any of these sections. Alternate translation: “what I have said to you” or “these instructions”\n
361 4:12 qi8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p μηδείς σου τῆς νεότητος καταφρονείτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People must not despise your youth” or “You must not tolerate anyone despising your youth”
362 4:12 p5wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σου τῆς νεότητος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **youth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how young you are”
363 4:12 yavx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σου τῆς νεότητος 1 Here Paul implies that people might **despise** Timothy because of his **youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you because of your youth”
364 4:12 g5dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν λόγῳ, ἐν ἀναστροφῇ, ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐν πίστει, ἐν ἁγνίᾳ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “as you speak, act, love, believe, and act purely”\n
365 4:12 t325 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν λόγῳ 1 Here, **word** represents things that Timothy speaks using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the things you say” or “in words”
366 4:13 ekf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχομαι 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “I go to you”
367 4:13 t326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Here Paul implies that the **reading**, **exhortation**, and **teaching** take place in public meetings of the church where Timothy was. In these meetings, someone would read passages from the Scriptures, someone would exhort the other believers, and leaders would teach about the Scriptures and the good news. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “attend in the gathering of believers to the reading, to the exhortation, to the teaching” or “attend to the public reading of the Scriptures, to the exhortation of fellow believers, to the teaching of the truth”
368 4:13 kky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “attend to reading, exhorting, teaching”\n
369 4:14 i1ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ ἀμέλει 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **neglect**. Alternate translation: “Cherish” or “Attend to”\n
370 4:14 t22x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος 1 Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God’s **gift**. He means that Timothy has this **gift**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gift that you have”
371 4:14 hdd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος 1 Here Paul implies that this **gift** is a specific ability or skill that God had given Timothy for his ministry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the skill that you have as a gift” or “the gift in you, your special ability”
372 4:14 xp1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐδόθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God gave”
373 4:14 jd1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ προφητείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **prophecy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “through someone prophesying” or “when a person prophesied about you”
374 4:14 rr8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction μετὰ ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου 1 Here Paul is speaking of a ceremony during which the church leaders put their **hands** on Timothy. When they did that, they were commissioning Timothy to go with Paul and proclaim the gospel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a comparable action in your culture, or you could explaining what this action means. Alternate translation: “with the laying on of the hands of the council of elders to commission you” or “when the council of elders authorized you by laying their hands on you”
375 4:15 sbcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **these things** could refer to the instructions that Paul has given in [4:11–14](../04/11.md), [4:6–14](../04/06.md), or the whole letter so far. Since Paul used a general phrase, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to any of these sections. Alternate translation: “what I have said to you” or “these instructions”
376 4:15 m65m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι 1 Here Paul speaks as if Timothy could physically be inside the instructions he has given to Timothy. He means that Timothy always needs to focus on and perform these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be absorbed by them” or “follow them consistently”
377 4:15 merc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σου ἡ προκοπὴ 1 Here Paul implies that Timothy’s **progress** will be in his Christian life and ministry. In other words, he will have **progress** as he believes in Jesus, learns more about the gospel, and serves others using his gift. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “your progress in your Christian life” or “your progress as a believer”
378 4:15 virc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σου ἡ προκοπὴ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **progress**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how you are progressing” or “how you are improving”
379 4:15 qkli rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πᾶσιν 1 Paul is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all people, or perhaps more specifically all believers. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to all people” or “to all believers”
380 4:16 uq6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Here Paul means that Timothy should **Pay attention** to himself and to the **teaching** in order to make sure that neither he nor his teaching include anything bad or wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Pay attention so that you and the teaching are right and proper” or “Watch out lest anything corrupt you or the teaching”
381 4:16 vk68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς, τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second and third clause give the basis for the command in the first clause. Alternate translation: “Doing this, you will save both yourself and the ones hearing you. Therefore, continue in them”
382 4:16 zxe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 Here, the pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) “these things” in [4:15](../04/15.md). Alternate translation: “in the things I have written about” (2) paying attention to himself and the teaching. Alternate translation: “in proper behavior and right teaching”
383 5:intro jx4e 0 # 1 Timothy 5 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Honor and respect\n\nPaul encourages younger Christians to honor and respect older Christians. Cultures honor and respect older people in different ways.\n\n### Widows\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was important to care for widows because they could not provide for themselves.\n\n### Variation in names\n\nIn this chapter, as in chapter 4, Paul speaks of church leaders called “elders.” Here, as well, they seem to be the same kind of leaders that he calls “overseers” in chapter 3.
384 5:1 wt5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nPaul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of “you” or different forms for commands would use the singular form here.
385 5:1 l4w5 πρεσβυτέρῳ μὴ ἐπιπλήξῃς 1 Alternate translation: “Do not reprimand an older man”