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@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ ROM 5 11 zp36 figs-metaphor καυχώμενοι ἐν τῷ Θεῷ 1 Paul spe
ROM 5 11 x3wh guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Here Paul highlights the interactive work of the Trinity in the salvation of believers in **Christ**. Here, the Old Testament title for **God**, **Lord**, is applied to **Jesus**, equating him with **God**. Be sure to accurately translate these titles in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
ROM 5 11 r0zj figs-distinguish δι’ οὗ νῦν τὴν καταλλαγὴν ἐλάβομεν 1 This clause summarizes how Jesus saves the believer (See [5:12](../05/01.md) for similar wording)). If this is not understood in your language, you can make the relationship between these phrases clearer by starting a new sentence or some other way. Alternate translation (replace previous comma with a period): “It is through the death of Lord Jesus Christ on our behalf that we become reconciled with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
ROM 5 11 xjes figs-abstractnouns νῦν τὴν καταλλαγὴν ἐλάβομεν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **reconciliation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “we have now become reconciled with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ROM 5 12 k1xa figs-parallelism 1 This verse communicates two ideas that mean the same thing. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show the widespread effects of sin and death. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “For this reason, sin and then death entered the world because of one man, then death and sin spread throughout the human race” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ROM 5 12 k1xa figs-parallelism διὰ τοῦτο, ὥσπερ δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show the widespread effect of the first human sin. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “For this reason, one man caused sin and then death to enter the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ROM 5 12 hjx4 grammar-connect-words-phrases διὰ τοῦτο 1 Connecting Statement: Here, **Therefore** indicates that what follows in [5:1221](../05/12.md) is Pauls explanation of the relationship between human **sin** and Gods grace. Alternate translation: “For this reason” or “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
ROM 5 12 wf9f figs-personification ὥσπερ δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος; καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν 1 through one man sin entered … death entered through sin Here, **sin** and **death** are spoken of figuratively as though they were persons who could travel to different places. Paul means that the way God intended for **the world** and human beings to function became thoroughly corrupted by **sin** and **death**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “because one man sinned, he would die. All human beings born after that one man would die too because of the effects of his sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 5 12 pa8s figs-explicit δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου 1 The implication is that the **one man** is Adam, the first human being. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, since “Adam” is not mentioned until [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “through the one man Adam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ ROM 5 12 uxcs figs-ellipsis διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος
ROM 5 12 l7wr grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ οὕτως 1 Here, **so** introduces a result clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a result clause. Alternate translation: “and as a result,” or “so then also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
ROM 5 12 jy25 writing-pronouns ἐφ’ ᾧ 1 The phrase translated **concerning which** is a singular. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly (See also the introductory notes at the beginning of this chapter). The pronoun **which** could refer to: (1) **death**. Alternate translation: “because of this death” or “concerning this death” (2) the effect of **sin** and **death**. Alternate translation: “because of the dominion of sin and death” or “concerning the dominion of sin and death” (3) **the one man**. Alternate translation: “because of the one man” or “concerning the one man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
ROM 5 12 si2i writing-pronouns πάντες 1 Paul is using the adjective **all** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “all humanity” or “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ROM 5 12 q3nv figs-parallelism καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος; καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν, ἐφ’ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον 1 These phrases communicate the same ideas. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show the widespread effects of sin and death. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “sin caused death for all humanity, and death caused all humanity to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ROM 5 12 q3nv figs-parallelism καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν, ἐφ’ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show the widespread effects of sin and death. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “and in the same way, death spread and caused all humanity to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ROM 5 13 eqa2 figs-explicit ἄχρι γὰρ νόμου, ἁμαρτία ἦν ἐν κόσμῳ 1 For until the law, sin was in the world This means that the people sinned before God gave **the law**. Alternate translation: “People in the world sinned before God gave his law to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 5 13 juq7 figs-activepassive ἁμαρτία δὲ οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται, μὴ ὄντος νόμου 1 but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law This means that God did not charge the people with sinning before he gave the law. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but God did not record sin against the law before he gave the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 5 14 ev8a ἀλλὰ…ὁ θάνατος 1 Nevertheless, death “Even though what I have just said is true, death” or “There was no written law from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, but death” ([Romans 5:13](../05/13.md)).

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