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Merged Jane's edits to Philippians 4 (#2287) 

Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2287
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Larry Sallee 2022-03-03 15:58:29 +00:00
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@ -355,31 +355,31 @@ PHP 3 20 q1cc figs-exclusive ἡμῶν…ἀπεκδεχόμεθα 1 General In
PHP 3 20 u8yr figs-abstractnouns πολίτευμα 1 our citizenship exists in heaven If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **citizenship**, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **citizenship** with a concrete noun such as “citizen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 3 21 r3zw writing-pronouns σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 our citizenship exists in heaven Here, the pronoun **his** refers to Christ. Alternate translation: “to Christ’s glorious body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
PHP 3 21 deci figs-abstractnouns δύνασθαι 1 our citizenship exists in heaven If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **power**, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **power** in some other way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 4 1 oax3 grammar-connect-words-phrases ὥστε 1 brothers Here, Paul uses the word **therefore** as a transition word to introduce the exhortations he is about to give to the Philippian Christians which are based on the things that he has said before this verse. Consider the best word or phrase to use in your language to show this meaning. Alternate translation: “So then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PHP 4 1 oax3 grammar-connect-words-phrases ὥστε 1 brothers Here Paul uses the word **Therefore** as a transition word to introduce the exhortations to the Philippian Christians which he is about to give and which are based on the things that he has said before this verse. Consider the best word or phrase to use in your language to show this meaning. Alternate translation: “So then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PHP 4 1 ngs7 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
PHP 4 1 fe2y ἀγαπητοὶ καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι 1 my brothers, beloved and longed for Alternate translation: “I love you and greatly desire to see you” or “whom I love and greatly desire to see”
PHP 4 1 fe2y ἀγαπητοὶ καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι 1 my brothers, beloved and longed for Alternate translation: “whom I love and greatly desire to see”
PHP 4 1 wx5w figs-abstractnouns χαρὰ…μου 1 my joy and crown If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy**, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **joy** by using a verbal form such as “rejoice” or by using an adjective such as “happy.” Alternate translation: “you cause me to be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 4 1 lg9a figs-extrainfo χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου 1 my joy and crown The phrase **my joy and crown** could refer to: (1) both the present time and to the time in the future when Christ will return. Alternate translation: “my joy and reward” (2) Paul’s current feelings of joy regarding the Philippian Christians and his future hope of being rewarded for his labor among them. Alternate translation: “my source of joy and my future hope of being rewarded when Christ returns” (3) Paul’s joy and reward in the future when Christ returns. Alternate translation: “my hope for joy and reward when Christ returns” (4) Paul’s present joy in the Philippian believers and his present feeling that they were his reward for his work among them. Alternate translation: “my joy and reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 4 1 kvsk figs-metaphor στέφανός 1 my joy and crown Paul speaks figuratively of the Philippian Christians as if they were his crown. At the time Paul wrote this letter a **crown** was made of leaves which a person wore it on their head as a sign of their achievement after they had won an important game. Here, the word **crown** means the Philippian Christians brought great honor to Paul before God and were a sign of his hard work among them. If your readers would not understand the meaning of this metaphor you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or state the meaning in plain language. Alternative translation, “my reward” or “my honor” or “the sign of my hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 1 lg9a figs-extrainfo χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου 1 my joy and crown The phrase **my joy and crown** could refer to: (1) both the present time and the time in the future when Christ will return. Alternate translation: “my joy and reward” (2) Paul’s current feelings of joy regarding the Philippian Christians and his future hope of being rewarded for his labor among them. Alternate translation: “my source of joy and my future hope of being rewarded when Christ returns” (3) Paul’s joy and reward in the future when Christ returns. Alternate translation: “my hope for joy and reward when Christ returns” (4) Paul’s present joy in the Philippian believers and his present feeling that they are his reward for his work among them. Alternate translation: “my joy and reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 4 1 kvsk figs-metaphor στέφανός 1 my joy and crown Paul speaks figuratively of the Philippian Christians as if they were his crown. At the time Paul wrote this letter, a **crown** was made of leaves and was worn by a person on their head as a sign of their achievement after they had won an important victory. Here, the word **crown** means that the Philippian Christians brought great honor to Paul before God and were a sign of his hard work among them. If your readers would not understand the meaning of this metaphor, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or state the meaning in plain language. Alternative translation: “my reward” or “my honor” or “the sign of my hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 1 t07j οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved Alternate translation: “so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends”
PHP 4 1 dz44 οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved The phrase **in this way** could refer to: (1) what comes before it, in which case this phrase would mean, “in the way that I have just explained to you” Alternate translation: “stand firm in the Lord in the way that I have just explained to you beloved” (2) what Paul commands the Philippian Christians to do in [Philippians 4:2-9](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “stand firm in the Lord, beloved, in this way”
PHP 4 1 dz44 οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved The phrase **in this way** could refer to: (1) what comes before it, in which case this phrase would mean, “in the way that I have just explained to you” Alternate translation: “stand firm in the Lord in the way that I have just explained to you, beloved” (2) what Paul commands the Philippian Christians to do in [Philippians 4:2-9](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “stand firm in the Lord, beloved, in this way”
PHP 4 1 zu0i figs-yousingular στήκετε 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved The phrase **stand firm** is a command or instruction to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 1 j6fp figs-metaphor στήκετε 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved Here, the phrase **stand firm** is used figuratively. The phrase **stand firm** uses the imagery of a soldier continuing to stand in place without being moved by the enemy. Here, Paul uses the phrase **stand firm** with a spiritual meaning to tell the Philippian Christians that they should continue believing what they have already believed and not change their mind. If this would be misunderstood by your readers consider using another metaphor that would make sense in your culture or use plain language. Alternate translation: “remain unmoved in your belief in Christ” or “remain firm in your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 1 i8ad οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved Alternate translation: “stand firm in your union and relationship with the Lord” or “stand firm in your union and communion with the Lord”
PHP 4 2 x5qf translate-names Εὐοδίαν…Συντύχην 1 I urge Euodia, and I urge Syntyche **Euodia** and **Syntyche** are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP 4 3 yb3f figs-yousingular σέ 1 I also ask you Here, **you** refers to the **true companion** and is singular. This is the only occurrence of the word **you** in Philippians that is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 3 hdz7 γνήσιε σύνζυγε 1 true companion The phrase **true companion** refers to a person whom the Philippian believers were familiar with at that time but whose identity is no longer known. Alternate translation: “my faithful helper in the work of the gospel”
PHP 4 3 wkp7 figs-ellipsis αἵτινες ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ συνήθλησάν μοι 1 with also Clement In the phrase **the gospel** Paul is leaving out some of the words that would be needed in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “who have labored with me in the work of spreading the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of telling people the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of sharing the gospel with people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 3 lb79 figs-metonymy τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 with also Clement Here, Paul is using the phrase **the gospel** to refer specifically to the work of telling other people about Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this you can state this plainly. Alternate translation: “who have labored with me in the work of spreading the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of telling people the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of sharing the gospel with people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 4 3 hdz7 γνήσιε σύνζυγε 1 true companion The phrase **true companion** refers to a person with whom the Philippian believers were familiar at that time but whose identity is no longer known. Alternate translation: “my faithful helper in the work of the gospel”
PHP 4 3 wkp7 figs-ellipsis αἵτινες ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ συνήθλησάν μοι 1 with also Clement In the phrase **the gospel**, Paul is leaving out some of the words that would be needed in many languages for the sentence to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “who have labored with me in the work of spreading the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of telling people the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of sharing the gospel with people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 3 lb79 figs-metonymy τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 with also Clement Here, Paul is using the phrase **the gospel** to refer specifically to the work of telling other people about Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can state this plainly. Alternate translation: “who have labored with me in the work of spreading the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of telling people the gospel” or “who have labored with me in the work of sharing the gospel with people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 4 3 gfq5 τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 with also Clement See how you translated the phrase **the gospel** in [Philippians 1:5](../01/05.md).
PHP 4 3 cm3u translate-names Κλήμεντος 1 with also Clement **Clement** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP 4 3 s9h9 ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς 1 whose names are in the Book of Life Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in the Book of Life”
PHP 4 4 elt7 χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Rejoice in the Lord See how you translated the phrase **rejoice in the Lord** in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md).
PHP 4 4 sbdp figs-yousingular χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ πάντοτε, πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε! 1 Both occurrences of the word **rejoice** are commands or instructions to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. Alternate translation: “I urge you all to rejoice in the Lord at all times. Again I will say it, I urge each of you to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 4 elt7 χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Rejoice in the Lord See how you translated the phrase **Rejoice in the Lord** in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md).
PHP 4 4 sbdp figs-yousingular χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ πάντοτε, πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε! 1 Both occurrences of the word **Rejoice** are commands or instructions to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. Alternate translation: “I urge you all to rejoice in the Lord at all times. Again I will say it, I urge each of you to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 5 hopf figs-yousingular τὸ ἐπιεικὲς ὑμῶν γνωσθήτω 1 The Lord is near The phrase **Let your gentleness be known** is a command or instruction to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 5 mo7g figs-gendernotations πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 The Lord is near Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a general sense to mean all people in general, including women. Alternate translation: “all people” or “everyone.” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
PHP 4 5 snk5 ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς 1 The Lord is near The phrase **The Lord is near** could mean: (1) The day that Jesus will return is coming soon. Alternate translation: “The Lord will return soon” or “The Lord’s coming is near” or “The Lord’s second coming is near” (2) The Lord was near to the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: “The Lord is near to you”
PHP 4 6 w5gk figs-yousingular μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God The phrase **be anxious about nothing** is a command or instruction to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 5 mo7g figs-gendernotations πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 The Lord is near Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a general sense to mean all people in general, including women. Alternate translation: “to all people” or “to everyone.” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
PHP 4 5 snk5 ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς 1 The Lord is near The phrase **The Lord is near** could mean: (1) that the day that Jesus will return is coming soon. Alternate translation: “The Lord will return soon” or “The Lord is coming is near” or “The second coming of the Lord is near” (2) the Lord was near to the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: “The Lord is near to you”
PHP 4 6 w5gk figs-yousingular μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God **Be anxious about nothing** is a command or instruction to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 6 h63g grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God Here, the word **but** shows a contrast between the phrase **about nothing** and the phrase **in everything**. Consider the best way to show this contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
PHP 4 6 mcvt figs-extrainfo ἐν παντὶ 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God The phrase **in everything** could refer to: (1) all situations. Alternate translation: “in all situations” or “in all circumstances.” (2) time. Alternate translation: “at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 4 6 ahul figs-doublet τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God The words **prayer** and **petition** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used both for emphasis and comprehensiveness. Petition is a type of prayer in which a person asks God for things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these two words. Alternate translation: “by prayer” or “in prayer”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -388,16 +388,16 @@ PHP 4 6 pqyr figs-abstractnouns τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσε
PHP 4 6 izqi figs-abstractnouns μετὰ εὐχαριστίας 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **thanksgiving**, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **thanksgiving** with a verb such as “thank” or in a verbal phrase such as “giving thanks.” Alternate translation: “and giving thanks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 4 6 f4t5 figs-yousingular τὰ αἰτήματα ὑμῶν γνωριζέσθω 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God The phrase **let your requests be known** is a command or instruction to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 6 a443 figs-abstractnouns τὰ αἰτήματα ὑμῶν γνωριζέσθω πρὸς τὸν Θεό 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **requests**, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **requests** in some other way. Alternate translation: “tell God your needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 4 7 jgba grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 the peace of God Here, the word **and** shows that what follows is the result of practicing what comes before it in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
PHP 4 7 jgba grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 the peace of God Here, the word **and** shows that what follows is the result of practicing what comes before **and** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
PHP 4 7 u1sz figs-extrainfo ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the peace of God The phrase **the peace of God** refers to the peace which God gives. Alternate translation: “the peace that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 4 7 gejd figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνη 1 the peace of God If your readers would better understand it, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **peace** with an adjectival phrase such as “at peace” or in some other way. Alternate translation: “then God will help you be at peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 4 7 zr4x ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν 1 which surpasses all understanding The phrase **which surpasses all understanding** could mean: (1) that the peace God gives is so great that human minds are not able to understand it. Alternate translation: “which is greater than we can understand” (2) that the peace that God gives is superior to anything that humans can contrive through their own efforts. Alternate translation: “which humans cannot accomplish or attain by their own efforts”
PHP 4 7 sauc figs-abstractnouns ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν 1 which surpasses all understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **understanding**, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **understanding** by using a verbal form such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “which is greater than we can understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 4 7 sb6s figs-metaphor φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν 1 will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ The word **guard** is a military term which refers to a soldier guarding a city or a fortress in order to protect it from enemy attacks. Here, Paul presents God’s peace as if it were a soldier who protects **hearts** and **minds** from worrying and so this phrase literally means “will be like a soldier and guard your hearts and minds” or “will be like a soldier standing guard to protect your hearts and minds.” If your readers would not understand this metaphor in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “will keep your hearts and minds safe from attacks of worry and fear” or “will keep your hearts and minds safe” or “will protect your hearts and minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 7 sb6s figs-metaphor φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν 1 will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ The word **guard** is a military term which refers to a soldier guarding a city or a fortress in order to protect it from enemy attacks. Here, Paul presents God’s peace as if it were a soldier who protects **hearts** and **minds** from worrying, and so this phrase literally means “will be like a soldier and guard your hearts and minds” or “will be like a soldier standing guard to protect your hearts and minds.” If your readers would not understand this metaphor in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “will keep your hearts and minds safe from attacks of worry and fear” or “will keep your hearts and minds safe” or “will protect your hearts and minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 7 tsz6 ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ See how you translated the phrase **in Christ Jesus** in [Philippians 1:1](../01/01.md).
PHP 4 8 b8ig τὸ λοιπόν 1 As to the rest Here, as Paul comes near to the end of his letter, he gives some final instructions for how believers should live. Alternate translation: “Regarding what remains to be said” or “As to what remains for me to say”
PHP 4 8 fxn5 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
PHP 4 8 ntej figs-ellipsis ὅσα ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ, ὅσα σεμνά, ὅσα δίκαια, ὅσα ἁγνά, ὅσα προσφιλῆ, ὅσα εὔφημα 1 as many as lovely Here, Paul is leaving out some of the words that would be needed in many languages in order for these phrases to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “as many things as are true, as many things as are honorable, as many things as are just, as many things as are pure, as many things as are lovely, as many things as are reputable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 8 ntej figs-ellipsis ὅσα ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ, ὅσα σεμνά, ὅσα δίκαια, ὅσα ἁγνά, ὅσα προσφιλῆ, ὅσα εὔφημα 1 as many as lovely Here Paul is leaving out some of the words that would be needed in many languages in order for these phrases to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “as many things as are true, as many things as are honorable, as many things as are just, as many things as are pure, as many things as are lovely, as many things as are reputable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 8 r275 ὅσα προσφιλῆ 1 as many as lovely Alternate translation: “whatever things are pleasing”
PHP 4 8 pv1i ὅσα εὔφημα 1 as many as reputable Alternate translation: “whatever things people admire” or “whatever things people respect”
PHP 4 8 i5gl εἴ τις ἀρετὴ 1 if anything is virtuous Alternate translation: “if anything is morally good”
@ -407,25 +407,25 @@ PHP 4 9 m145 ἃ καὶ ἐμάθετε καὶ παρελάβετε, καὶ
PHP 4 9 qu8z figs-doublet ἃ καὶ ἐμάθετε καὶ παρελάβετε 1 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me Here, the words **learned** and **received** mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them into one idea. Alternate translation: “And what you learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 4 9 zei1 ταῦτα πράσσετε 1 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me Alternate translation: “put these things into practice”
PHP 4 9 i8ki figs-yousingular πράσσετε 1 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me The word **do** is a command or instruction to all of the Philippian Christians. Use the most natural form in your language to give direction to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 9 mhvb grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 5 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me Here, the word **and** shows that what follows it is the result of practicing what comes before it. Consider the best way to show this relationship in your language. Alternate translation: “then” or “and then” or “and the result will be that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
PHP 4 9 y8xg ὁ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης 1 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me The phrase **the God of peace** could mean: (1) that God is the giver of peace. Alternate translation: “the God who gives peace” or “God who gives peace” (2) that God is characterized by peace. Alternate translation: “the God who is characterized by peace” or “our God who is characterized by peace” (3) that God is both the source of peace and the one who gives peace. Alternate translation: “God who is both the source of peace and the giver of peace”
PHP 4 9 mhvb grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 5 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me Here, the word **and** shows that what follows it is the result of practicing what comes before it. Consider the best way to show this relationship in your language. Alternate translation: “and then” or “and the result will be that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
PHP 4 9 y8xg ὁ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης 1 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me The phrase **the God of peace** could mean: (1) that God is the giver of peace. Alternate translation: “the God who gives peace” or “God, who gives peace,” (2) that God is characterized by peace. Alternate translation: “the God who is characterized by peace” or “our God who is characterized by peace” (3) that God is both the source of peace and the one who gives peace. Alternate translation: “God, who is both the source of peace and the giver of peace,”
PHP 4 9 poeh figs-abstractnouns καὶ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης ἔσται μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 And what you learned and received and heard and saw in me If your readers would better understand it, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **peace** with an adjective such as “peaceful” or in some other way. Alternate translation: “the God who gives us a peaceful spirit will be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 4 10 pwh9 ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Connecting Statement: See how you translated the phrase **in the Lord** in [Philippians 3:12](../03/12.md).
PHP 4 10 xb0n ὅτι ἤδη ποτὲ ἀνεθάλετε τὸ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ φρονεῖν 1 Connecting Statement: Alternate translation: “because now at last you revived your concern for me”
PHP 4 10 ge1l ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ ἐφρονεῖτε 1 Connecting Statement: Alternate translation: “for whom you were indeed concerned”
PHP 4 10 nm86 figs-ellipsis ἠκαιρεῖσθε δέ 1 Connecting Statement: Here, Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “but you did not have an opportunity to demonstrate it” or “but you were without an opportunity to show it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 10 nm86 figs-ellipsis ἠκαιρεῖσθε δέ 1 Connecting Statement: Here Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “but you did not have an opportunity to demonstrate it” or “but you were without an opportunity to show it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 11 ew5e οὐχ ὅτι καθ’ ὑστέρησιν λέγω 1 in whatever I am Alternate translation: “I do not say this because of need”
PHP 4 11 ts2k αὐτάρκης εἶναι 1 to be content Alternate translation: “to be satisfied” or “to be happy”
PHP 4 11 uj5z figs-ellipsis ἐν οἷς εἰμι 1 to be content Here, Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “in whatever situation I am in” or “in whatever circumstances I am in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 12 lgp9 figs-explicit οἶδα καὶ 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound Here, the phrase **I know** means “I know from experience” and refers to what Paul knew from his experience. If it would help your readers consider clarifying this in your translation in some way. Alternate translation: “I have learned both how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 12 ydod οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν…καὶ περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound The sentence at the beginning of this verse, **I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound** is very similar in meaning to the phrase **and to abounding and to being in need** at the end of this verse. You can combine the beginning sentence and the closing phrase if you think it will help your readers.
PHP 4 12 usbe figs-merism οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound Here, the phrases **to be brought low** and **to abound** refer to two opposite extremes of living and to every living condition between them. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “I know both how to live with very little and I know how to live with more than I need” or “I know how to live with very little and I know how to live with plenty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP 4 12 lpld figs-activepassive ταπεινοῦσθαι 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound If it would be more natural in your language, you could express the passive phrase **to be brought low** with an active form. Alternate translation: “to live with less” or “to lack lack things I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 4 12 aswc figs-idiom ταπεινοῦσθαι 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound Here, the phrase **to be brought low** is a figurative way of saying “to live with very little.” If it would help your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “to live with very little” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP 4 12 xrp3 figs-explicit χορτάζεσθαι καὶ πεινᾶν 1 to be filled and to be hungry Here, Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be understandable. If it would help your readers, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “to being full of food and to being hungry” or “to being content when I have plenty of food to eat and to being content when I am hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 12 iqtr figs-merism χορτάζεσθαι καὶ πεινᾶν 1 to be filled and to be hungry Here, the phrases **being filled** and **being hungry** refer to two opposite extremes and to everything in between them. If it would help your readers, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to being hungry and to being full and to everything in between” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP 4 12 ufv4 figs-explicit περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 to abound and to be in need Here, Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be understandable. If it would help your readers, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “to having an abundance of things I need and to living contentedly when I do not have certain things I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 12 fwes figs-merism περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 to abound and to be in need Here, the phrases **to abounding** and **to being in need** refer to two opposite extremes and to everything in between them. If it would help your readers, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to abounding and to being in need and to everything in between” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP 4 12 lgp9 figs-explicit οἶδα καὶ 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound Here, the phrase **I know** means “I know from experience” and refers to what Paul knew from his experience. If it would help your readers, consider clarifying this in your translation in some way. Alternate translation: “I have learned both how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 12 ydod οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν…καὶ περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound The sentence at the beginning of this verse, **I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound** is very similar in meaning to the phrase **and to abounding and to being in need** at the end of this verse. You can combine the beginning sentence and the closing phrase, if you think it will help your readers.
PHP 4 12 usbe figs-merism οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound Here, the phrases **to be brought low** and **to abound** refer to two opposite extremes of living and to every living condition between them. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “I know both how to live with very little and how to live with more than I need” or “I know how to live with very little and I know how to live with plenty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP 4 12 lpld figs-activepassive ταπεινοῦσθαι 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound If it would be more natural in your language, you could express the passive phrase **to be brought low** with an active form. Alternate translation: “to live with less” or “to live without things I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 4 12 aswc figs-idiom ταπεινοῦσθαι 1 I know both how to be brought low and I know how to abound Here the phrase **to be brought low** is a figurative way of saying “to live with very little.” If it would help your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “to live with very little” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP 4 12 xrp3 figs-explicit χορτάζεσθαι καὶ πεινᾶν 1 to be filled and to be hungry Here Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be understandable. If it would help your readers, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “to being full of food and to being hungry” or “to being content when I have plenty of food to eat and to being content when I am hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 12 iqtr figs-merism χορτάζεσθαι καὶ πεινᾶν 1 to be filled and to be hungry Here the phrases **be filled** and **be hungry** refer to two opposite extremes and to everything in between them. If it would help your readers, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to be hungry and to be filled and to everything in between” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP 4 12 ufv4 figs-ellipsis περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 to abound and to be in need Here Paul is leaving out some of the words that a phrase would need in many languages to be understandable. If it would help your readers, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “to having an abundance of things I need and to living contentedly when I do not have certain things I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 12 fwes figs-merism περισσεύειν καὶ ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 to abound and to be in need Here, the phrases **to abound** and **to be in need** refer to two opposite extremes and to everything in between them. If it would help your readers, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to abound and to be in need and to everything in between” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PHP 4 13 z1pb writing-pronouns πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με 1 I can do all things in him who strengthens me Here, the pronoun **him** refers to Christ. Alternate translation: “I can do all things because Christ gives me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
PHP 4 13 fpo4 figs-explicit πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με 1 I can do all things in him who strengthens me Here, **all things** refers to all situations. The phrase **I can do all things** means “I can handle all situations.” Alternate translation: “I can handle all situations through him who strengthens me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 14 fe2z figs-explicit συνκοινωνήσαντές μου τῇ θλίψει 1 in my affliction The phrase **having shared together in my affliction** means that the Philippian believers helped Paul while he was experiencing difficulties by giving him money and sending Epaphroditus to him. If it would help your readers, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by helping me in my affliction through your gift of money and sending Epaphroditus to me” or “by helping me when I faced difficult circumstances by sending Epaphroditus to encourage me and bring me your gift of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -435,13 +435,13 @@ PHP 4 15 w23w figs-explicit ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the
PHP 4 15 npph τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the beginning of the gospel See how you translated the phrase **the gospel** in [Philippians 1:5](../01/05.md) and [4:3](../04/03.md).
PHP 4 15 dyf8 figs-doublenegatives οὐδεμία μοι ἐκκλησία ἐκοινώνησεν εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως, εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς μόνοι 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone You can state **no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone** in the positive. Alternate translation: “you were the only church that sent me money or helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
PHP 4 15 bpc2 figs-explicit μοι…ἐκοινώνησεν 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone Here, **shared with me** refers specifically to sharing in matters directly related the gospel. If that would be misunderstood by your readers consider stating that explicitly. Alternate translation: “shared with me in the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 15 rgxx εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the phrase **giving and receiving** could refer either to exchanges that involved money or to exchanges that did not involve money but rather involved the giving and receiving of non-financial things that would benefit the other party. Here, the phrase **giving and receiving** refers to both financial and non-financial gifts because Paul had helped the Philippians by sharing the gospel with them and the Philippians had helped Paul by sending Epaphroditus to him with a gift of money. Alternate translation: “by mutually helping each other”
PHP 4 15 rgxx εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone In the original language in which Paul wrote this letter, the phrase **giving and receiving** could refer either to exchanges that involved money or to exchanges that did not involve money, but rather, involved the giving and receiving of non-financial things that would benefit the other party. Here, the phrase **giving and receiving** refers to both financial and non-financial gifts because Paul had helped the Philippians by sharing the gospel with them and the Philippians had helped Paul by sending Epaphroditus to him with a gift of money. Alternate translation: “by mutually helping each other”
PHP 4 16 getb ὅτι καὶ ἐν Θεσσαλονίκῃ 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone Alternate translation: “for even when I was in Thessalonica”
PHP 4 16 puar figs-idiom καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone The phrase **both once and twice** is an idiom meaning that something occurred more than one time. If your readers would not understand this idiom, you can use an equivalent idiom from your language or you can state this in plain language. Alternate translation: “several times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP 4 16 puar figs-idiom καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone The phrase **both once and twice** is an idiom meaning that something occurred more than one time. If your readers would not understand this idiom, you can use an equivalent idiom from your language, or you can state this in plain language. Alternate translation: “several times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP 4 16 lqor figs-ellipsis εἰς τὴν χρείαν μοι ἐπέμψατε 1 no church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone Paul is leaving out some of the words that this phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “you sent me money to help me with my needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 4 17 bh3t figs-metaphor ἐπιζητῶ τὸν καρπὸν τὸν πλεονάζοντα εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν 1 I seek the fruit that increases to your account At the time Paul wrote this letter, the word **fruit** could be used in a business context to refer to what was gained in a financial transaction. When used in a business context the word **fruit** meant “profit” or “gain.” Here, Paul is using this business meaning figuratively to refer to God’s reward. If your language has an equivalent word that could be used in a business context, consider using it here if it would be natural in your language. Alternately, you may express this meaning using plain language as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I seek the profit that increases to your account” or “I seek the gain that increases to your account” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 17 bh3t figs-metaphor ἐπιζητῶ τὸν καρπὸν τὸν πλεονάζοντα εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν 1 I seek the fruit that increases to your account At the time Paul wrote this letter, the word **fruit** could be used in a business context to refer to what was gained in a financial transaction. When used in a business context, the word **fruit** meant “profit” or “gain.” Here, Paul is using this business meaning figuratively to refer to God’s reward. If your language has an equivalent word that could be used in a business context, consider using it here if it would be natural in your language. Alternately, you may express this meaning using plain language, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I seek the profit that increases to your account” or “I seek the gain that increases to your account” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 18 fs44 ἀπέχω…πάντα 1 I have everything in full The phrase **I have everything in full** could mean: (1) that Paul has received **everything** that he needs from the Philippian believers and is therefore sufficiently supplied. Alternate translation: “I have everything I need and am content” (2) that Paul is continuing the business metaphor from [Philippians 4:17](../04/17.md) and is here offering the Philippians a figurative receipt for the gifts they gave him. Alternate translation: “I give you a receipt for the things you gave me” or “I have received full payment for the things you gave me”
PHP 4 18 en6t figs-explicit περισσεύω 1 I abound The phrase **I abound** means that Paul has more than enough of the things that he needs for himself. If your readers would misunderstand this consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I have more than enough of the the things I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 18 en6t figs-explicit περισσεύω 1 I abound The phrase **I abound** means that Paul has more than enough of the things that he needs for himself. If your readers would misunderstand this, consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I have more than enough of the the things I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 18 p6y1 figs-activepassive πεπλήρωμαι, δεξάμενος παρὰ Ἐπαφροδίτου τὰ παρ’ ὑμῶν 1 Connecting Statement: If it would be more natural in your language, you could express the phrase **I have been filled** with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “You have fully provided for me by giving me the things which Epaphroditus brought to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 4 18 hte4 translate-names Ἐπαφροδίτου 1 I abound **Epaphroditus** is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Philippians 2:25](../02/25.md). (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)
PHP 4 18 s68v figs-metaphor ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας, θυσίαν δεκτήν, εὐάρεστον τῷ Θεῷ 1 an aroma, a sweet smell, an acceptable, pleasing sacrifice to God Here, Paul speaks figuratively of the gift from the Philippian believers as if it were a **sacrifice** offered **to God** on an altar. If this would be misunderstood by your readers, you could express the meaning using plain language. Alternate translation: “which are very pleasing to God” or “which make God happy” or “which I assure you are gifts very pleasing to God, like an acceptable sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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