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front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n5. More sayings from wise men (24:23–34)\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n7. Sayings from Agur (30:1–33)\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\n### What is the Book of Proverbs about?\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. A proverb is a saying that gives wise advice or teaches something that is generally true about life. Most societies have their own proverbs and may use specific language that indicates something is a proverb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Sayings for Wise People,” “Wise Sayings,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” However, Solomon did not write all of the proverbs in this book. Unnamed wise men wrote the proverbs in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[24:34](../24/34.md). Agur the son of Jakeh wrote the proverbs in [30:1–33](../30/01.md) and King Lemuel wrote the proverbs in [31:1–31](../31/01.md).\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” refers to understanding and doing what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh considers to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Parallelism\n\nMany proverbs have two parts that have a relationship to each other. The second part may strengthen the first part, give more details about the first part, or say what seems to be the opposite of the first part. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Personification\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and stupidity are often represented as if they were human. [Proverbs 1:20–33](../01/20.md), [3:15–18](../03/15.md), [4:6–9](../04/06.md), and [8:1](../08/01.md)–[9:12](../09/12.md) refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. [Proverbs 9:13–18](../09/13.md) might also refer to stupidity as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom or folly would be presented as being like a wise or stupid woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n * Title (1:1)\n * The Purpose of Proverbs (1:2–6)\n * Main Theme: Fearing Yahweh is essential to being wise (1:7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n5. More sayings from wise men (24:23–34)\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n7. Sayings from Agur (30:1–33)\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\n### What is the Book of Proverbs about?\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. A proverb is a saying that gives wise advice or teaches something that is generally true about life. Most societies have their own proverbs and may use specific language that indicates something is a proverb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Sayings for Wise People,” “Wise Sayings,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” However, Solomon did not write all of the proverbs in this book. Unnamed wise men wrote the proverbs in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[24:34](../24/34.md). Agur the son of Jakeh wrote the proverbs in [30:1–33](../30/01.md) and King Lemuel wrote the proverbs in [31:1–31](../31/01.md).\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” refers to understanding and doing what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh considers to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n### My Son\n\nSeveral parts of Proverbs contain a series of proverbs addressed to “my son” or “sons” ([1:8](../01/08.md)–[9:18](../09/18.md); [19:27](../19/27.md); [23:15](../23/15.md)–[24:22](../24/22.md); [27:11](../27/11.md); [31:2](../31/02.md)–[31](../31/31.md)) This does not mean that all the lessons in those proverbs only apply to males. Rather, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son. Whenever the lesson of such proverbs is not specifically about common temptations of young men, the UST uses more general language that could refer to both male and female children. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Proverbs\n\nMost of this book consists of proverbs. A proverb is a short saying about something that is generally true in life. Proverbs often use parallelism and metaphors to teach a lesson by referring to something or some event that would be familiar to the readers. If possible, translate each proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### Parallelism\n\nMany proverbs have two parts that have a relationship to each other. The second part may strengthen the first part, give more details about the first part, or say what seems to be the opposite of the first part. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Personification\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and stupidity are often represented as if they were human. [Proverbs 1:20–33](../01/20.md), [3:15–18](../03/15.md), [4:6–9](../04/06.md), and [8:1](../08/01.md)–[9:12](../09/12.md) refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. [Proverbs 9:13–18](../09/13.md) might also refer to stupidity as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom or folly would be presented as being like a wise or stupid woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n\n### Generic Nouns\n\nProverbs contains many generic noun phrases that refer to people or things in general rather than to specific individuals or things. This type of nouns occur frequently in this book because proverbs tell about things that are true about people in general. Most of the cases of generic nouns will be addressed in the notes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])\n
1:intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n * Title (1:1)\n * The Purpose of Proverbs (1:2–6)\n * Main Theme: Fearing Yahweh is essential to being wise (1:7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:1 ej1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the proverbs of Solomon”
1:1 q6pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **proverbs** that were written by **Solomon**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The proverbs that were written by Solomon”
1:2 sah7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לָ⁠דַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּ⁠מוּסָ֑ר 1 [1:2–6](../01/02.md) are one long sentence that lacks some of the words that a sentence in many languages would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The purposes of proverbs are to know wisdom and instruction”
@ -11,14 +11,16 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:3 aun5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝⁠מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּ⁠מֵישָׁרִֽים 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **instruction**, **insight**, **righteousness**, **justice**, and **integrity**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is instructive of what is insightful, what is righteous, what is just, and what is honest”
1:4 j62d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָ⁠תֵ֣ת לִ⁠פְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה 1 Here, **to** indicates a fourth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of giving naive ones prudence”
1:4 p2ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עָרְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **prudence**, **knowledge**, and **discretion**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is prudent … what he should know and how to be discreet”
1:4 wxv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֝⁠נַ֗עַר 1 The author is speaking of young men in general, not of one particular **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “to young men”
1:4 wxv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ֝⁠נַ֗עַר 1 Although the term **young man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to young men and women”\n
1:5 lrm2 0 This verse is parenthetical and interrupts the list of purposes for proverbs in [1:2–6](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could add parentheses, as in the ULT, or use a natural way in your language to indicate a parenthetical statement.
1:5 gagy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְ⁠י֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝⁠נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear and increase insight, yes, the understanding one will acquire guidance”
1:5 r7sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear these proverbs”
1:5 koqt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָ֭כָם & וְ֝⁠נָב֗וֹן 1 Here, **a wise one** and **the understanding one** do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “any wise person … and any understanding person”
1:5 sddg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה 1 The author implies that this person **will acquire directions** from proverbs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will acquire directions from these proverbs”
1:5 ykul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea **directions**, you could express the same ides in another way. Alternate translation: “what directs”
1:6 kp7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְ⁠חִידֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that indicates that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to understand a proverb and a satire, yes, to understand the words of the wise ones and their riddles”
1:6 rcl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה 1 Here, **to** indicates a fifth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of understanding a proverb and a satire”
1:6 oalz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה 1 Here, **a proverb** and **a satire** refer to these things in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any proverb and any satire”\n
1:6 h2dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to understand the words of the wise ones”
1:6 wlac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֥י 1 Here, the author uses the term **words** to describe what **the wise ones** say by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words spoken by”
1:7 r9nd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **fear** that a person should have for **Yahweh**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The fear for Yahweh”
@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:7 ooap rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝⁠מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, fools despise wisdom and instruction”
1:8 v4em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִ⁠י מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Hear, my son, the instruction of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother”
1:8 p2x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִ⁠י מוּסַ֣ר 1 **Hear** often means “hear and obey.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternative translation: “Pay attention, my son, to the instruction of”
1:8 wp6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 Although the term **son** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a male or female child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “my offspring”\n
1:8 f71k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֣ר 1 See how you translated **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
1:8 dqtr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “the instruction of me, your father”
1:8 xbay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of rejecting **the law of your mother** as if it were a person whom someone could **forsake**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not reject”
@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:9 lcw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the instruction and teaching of one’s parents, as stated in the previous verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “what your parents taught you is a garland of grace”
1:9 qxp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְ⁠רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וַ֝⁠עֲנָקִ֗ים לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here the author speaks of the rules and instructions that parents teach their children as if they were a **garland** or **pendants.** These two items make a person look more attractive to other people and may cause other people to respect that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “they make you look more beautiful and respectable” or “they are like a garland of grace for your head and like pendants for your neck”
1:9 b1ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **garland** that is characterized by **grace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are a gracious garland”
1:10 agm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנִ֡⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
1:10 ucf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּ⁠ךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים 1 Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how important it is to resist temptation from **sinners**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “suppose sinners entice you”
1:10 y9bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּ⁠ךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים אַל־תֹּבֵֽא 1 Solomon implies that the **sinners** would **entice** his **son** to sin with them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if sinners entice you to join them in sinning, do not consent to sin with them”
1:11 f89h rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם־יֹאמְרוּ֮ 1 Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how sinners might entice someone to join them in sinning. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose they say”
@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:14 x2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom גּ֭וֹרָ֣לְ⁠ךָ תַּפִּ֣יל בְּ⁠תוֹכֵ֑⁠נוּ 1 This is an idiom. If could refer to: (1) joining with a group of people that will share the same destiny. Alternate translation: “You must join us and share our destiny” (2) the practice of throwing small objects called lots to determine who would receive something. Alternate translation: “You must join us in sharing loot by casting lots”
1:14 l56r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּ֥יס אֶ֝חָ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה לְ⁠כֻלָּֽ⁠נוּ 1 Here, **purse** represents everything that these sinners steal. Some of what they steal would be put in a **purse**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal”
1:14 ci4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive בְּ⁠תוֹכֵ֑⁠נוּ & לְ⁠כֻלָּֽ⁠נוּ 1 In this verse, the sinners use **our** and **us** to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:15 a6ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנִ֗⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
1:15 vdao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑⁠ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠נְּתִיבָתָֽ⁠ם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not walk in the way with them, yes, restrain your foot from their path”
1:15 t25u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑⁠ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠נְּתִיבָתָֽ⁠ם 1 Solomon uses **walk** to refer to associating with the sinners. He uses **way** and **path** to refer to the behavior of the sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have nothing to do with those sinners; keep yourself from behaving like them”
1:15 bcrz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 Solomon is using one part of a person, the **foot**, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yourself”
@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:20 xza5 0 In [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter.
1:20 kh97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism חָ֭כְמוֹת בַּ⁠ח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 These two clauses and the two clauses of the next verse mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Wisdom cries out outside, yes, she gives her voice in the open places”
1:20 pj5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification חָ֭כְמוֹת & תָּרֹ֑נָּה & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Wisdom** as if it were a woman who **cries out** or **gives her voice**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is available … it is available” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries out … like a woman who gives her voice” or “It is as if wisdom cries out … it is as if wisdom gives its voice”
1:20 lje6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמוֹת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
1:20 pj5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠ח֣וּץ 1 Here, **outside** refers to the public space **outside** of one’s house where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the streets”
1:20 u7zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 This is an idiom that means **she** spoke very loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice”
1:20 njj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת 1 Here, **open areas** refers to large, outdoor public places where there would usually be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the marketplaces” or “in the plazas”
@ -142,7 +148,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:33 kho1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה 1 Here, the possessive form describes **dread** that a person has for **evil**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from dreading evil”
1:33 zjk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **dread** in [1:26](../01/26.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:intro wr6i 0 # Proverbs 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crimes or adultery (2:1–22)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.
2:1 ku26 בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 In [2:1](../02/01.md)–[7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon continues addressing his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md).
2:1 ku26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
2:1 fkcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם 1 Here, **if** indicates the beginning of a conditional sentence that extends from this verse to [2:5](../02/05.md). This is the first of three **if** clauses in this long sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could divide this long sentence into shorter sentences and indicate the condition along with the result in [2:5](../02/05.md), as in the UST.
2:1 jh3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 Valuing the father’s **commandments** is spoken of as if the **commandments** were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store that treasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and consider my commandments to be as valuable as a treasure”
2:2 hiva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠הַקְשִׁ֣יב לַֽ⁠חָכְמָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑⁠ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּ⁠ךָ֗ לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה 1 The word translated as **to** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains the means by which a person can receive the sayings and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by causing your ear to be attentive to wisdom, and by inclining your heart to understanding”
@ -218,7 +224,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
2:18 rkj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and her tracks sink down to the spirits of the dead” or “and her tracks lead to the spirits of the dead”
2:18 g44z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ 1 Here, **tracks** could refer to: (1) the path that leads to the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “the path that leads to her” (2) how she behaves, which is how **tracks** is used in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “her behavior”
2:18 hwl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רְ֝פָאִ֗ים 1 Here, **the spirits of dead ones** refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called “Sheol” in [1:12](../01/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”
2:19 n7tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בָּ֭אֶי⁠הָ 1 Here, **enter** refers to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who have sexual relations with her” or “those who sleep with her”
2:19 n7tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בָּ֭אֶי⁠הָ 1 Here, **enter** refers to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who have sex with her” or “those who sleep with her”
2:19 wzqj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּ⁠ן 1 Here, **return** could refer to: (1) those people coming back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “will not become alive again” (2) those people returning to a joyful or prosperous life. Alternate translation: “will not return to living well”
2:19 zg4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אָרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 This could mean: (1) those people will not be able to come back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and they will not return to the land of the living” (2) those people will not be able to enjoy a good life again. Alternate translation: “and they will never live a happy life again”
2:20 ts71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְמַ֗עַן 1 **So** here indicates that what follows is the result of what was stated in [2:11–19](../02/11.md) being true. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “Because this is true”
@ -234,7 +240,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
2:22 r5sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ & יִסְּח֥וּ 1 Solomon speaks of Yahweh removing people from **the land** as if he were cutting those people off, like a person cuts a branch from a tree, or as if he were tearing those people away, like a person violently pulls someone off of something. Solomon does not state if these people are removed by being killed or by being forced to leave **the land**, so it is best to use general expressions for these phrases. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be removed … will be taken away”
2:22 w94m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠אֶ֣רֶץ & מִמֶּֽ⁠נָּה 1 See how you translated **the land** and **it** in the previous verse.
3:intro a94e 0 # Proverbs 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [3:15–18](../03/15.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3:1 tjcg בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 From [2:1](../02/01.md) to [7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon addresses his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md). [3:1](../03/01.md) continues these direct instructions.
3:1 tjcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3:1 p6r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תּוֹרָתִ֣⁠י אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח וּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not forget my law, yes, my commandments let your heart guard”
3:1 jvym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively, as in the UST.
3:1 ji5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns תּוֹרָתִ֣⁠י 1 Here, the word **law** is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. See how you translated this use of **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
@ -282,9 +288,11 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
3:10 b6gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׂבָ֑ע 1 Here, **plenty** refers to a plentiful amount of harvested crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a plentiful amount of harvested crops”
3:10 vtx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ֝⁠תִיר֗וֹשׁ יְקָבֶ֥י⁠ךָ יִפְרֹֽצוּ 1 The word **vats** refers to large containers in which the juice of grapes called **new wine** was processed into **wine**. If a very large amount of **new wine** was put in the **vat**, it could flow over the top of the **vat**. If your readers would not be familiar with **wine** or the way it is produced, you could refer to something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and your storage containers will become so extremely full that they break open”
3:11 f4sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֣ר & בְּ⁠תוֹכַחְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **correction** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Being corrected by … being rebuked by him”
3:11 qf59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנִ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3:12 vqzb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate reasons. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because”
3:12 qsno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠כְ⁠אָ֗ב אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and like a father he rebukes a son he is pleased with”
3:12 gpk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה 1 The phrase **he is pleased with** refers to the father’s affection for his **son**. It does not mean that the father approves of his son’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a son who is dear to him”
3:12 oyvb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֥ן 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3:13 cg8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom and happy is a man who obtains understanding”
3:13 cckc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom, yes, happy is a man who obtains understanding”
3:13 g5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָ֭דָם & וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם 1 In this verse, **a man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is a person … and a person”
@ -316,6 +324,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
3:19 rkhr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠חָכְמָ֥ה & בִּ⁠תְבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **understanding** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:20 ulw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּהוֹמ֣וֹת 1 Here, **depths** refers to bodies of water that were deep under the earth’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the underground bodies of water”
3:20 aov5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִבְקָ֑עוּ 1 Here, **broke open** could refer to: (1) the water from **the depths** bursting out from under the ground to form rivers, which best fits the discussion of creation in [3:19–20](../03/19.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth water that formed rivers” (2) the water from **the depths** bursting out during the global flood of Noah’s time, as described in [7:11](../07/11.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth flood water”
3:21 gh75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3:21 t2j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ נְצֹ֥ר תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “guard prudence and discretion, do not let them depart from your eyes”
3:21 xa9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if someone were always able to see that thing with his **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget them”
3:21 p05r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְצֹ֥ר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **prudence** and **discretion** as they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these qualities in order to practice them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to practice”
@ -365,6 +374,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
3:33 h6ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְאֵרַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **curse** that comes from **Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The curse from Yahweh”
3:33 bsfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית 1 Solomon speaks of the **curse of Yahweh** as if it were an object that he placed **on** top of the wicked person’s **house**. He means that Yahweh curses that **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is against the house of”
3:33 q866 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית & וּ⁠נְוֵ֖ה & יְבָרֵֽךְ 1 Here, the words **house** and **abode** represent the families who live in those houses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is on the households of … but he blesses the households of”
3:33 hqxt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָשָׁ֑ע 1 Here, **the wicked one** refers to wicked people in general, not a specific **wicked** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any wicked person”
3:34 bb7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֽוּא־יָלִ֑יץ 1 For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already stated as **he**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed mocks”
3:34 kb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתֶּן־חֵֽן 1 The writer speaks of Yahweh favoring people as if his **favor** were an object that he gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he acts favorably” or “he is gracious”
3:35 y7vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחָ֑לוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **honor** as if **honor** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise ones will receive honor”
@ -372,7 +382,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
3:35 b6jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **stupid** people receiving **dishonor** as if their **dishonor** was lifted up for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive”
4:intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [4:6–9](../04/06.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
4:1 ik8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׁמְע֣וּ 1 See how you translated **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:1 hqv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָ֭נִים 1 Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural **sons** and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his sons, but all of his readers as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you children”
4:1 hqv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בָ֭נִים 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to both male and female children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “offspring”
4:1 rao5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֣וּסַר & בִּינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4:1 zck6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אָ֑ב 1 Here, Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “me, your father”
4:2 s4lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Hear these instructions because”\n
@ -413,6 +423,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
4:9 z184 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a **crown** upon that person’s head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom will cause people to honor you” or “wisdom will be like someone who puts a crown of splendor on your head”
4:9 py0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that is characterized by **splendor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with a splendorous crown”
4:10 p1f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁמַ֣ע 1 See how you translated the same use of **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:10 suyo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:10 ucq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠יִרְבּ֥וּ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then they will multiply” or “This will result in them multiplying”\n
4:10 l7bx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יִרְבּ֥וּ לְ֝⁠ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **sayings** as if they were able to cause someone to live longer. He means that someone who obeys his **sayings** will live longer than if they did not do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and obey my sayings will multiply for you the years of life”
4:10 t094 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **years** that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the years that you are alive”
@ -448,6 +459,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
4:19 bqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, **way** has the same meaning as “path” in the previous verse. See how you translated “path” there.
4:19 mj9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כָּֽ⁠אֲפֵלָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon compares the **way of the wicked ones** to **darkness**. He means that the wicked people are always in danger, just like people who walk in darkness are in danger because they cannot see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is dangerous”
4:19 m9yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people experiencing harm as if they were stumbling over an object in the path they were walking on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm”
4:20 dih7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:20 x1dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לִ⁠דְבָרַ֣⁠י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָ⁠ה לַ֝⁠אֲמָרַ֗⁠י הַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my words, yes, incline your ear to my sayings”
4:20 w8jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠דְבָרַ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated **my words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
4:20 kji2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **incline your ear** is an idiom that refers to listening carefully to what someone is saying as if the listener was turning his **ear** toward the person speaking. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen carefully”\n
@ -510,7 +522,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
5:6 iki3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַ֝עְגְּלֹתֶ֗י⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **tracks** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
5:7 dwp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה 1 **And now** here indicates a transition from the description of the adulterous woman in [5:3–6](../05/03.md) to the call to pay attention that follows. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a transition. Alternate translation: “Next”
5:7 ry9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑⁠י וְ⁠אַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And now, sons, listen to me; yes, do not turn aside from the sayings of my mouth”\n
5:7 lt5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָ֭נִים 1 Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural **sons** and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his **sons**, but all of his readers as well. See how you translated **sons** in [4:1](../04/01.md).\n
5:7 lt5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בָ֭נִים 1 See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [4:1](../04/01.md).\n
5:7 e4q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone not listening to someone else as if the person physically turned **away** from what he was saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening to the sayings of my mouth”
5:7 zb82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠אַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “and listen to the sayings of my mouth”\n
5:7 ih1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 See how you translated **the sayings of my mouth** in [4:5](../04/05.md).
@ -576,6 +588,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
5:23 x16k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠אֵ֣ין מוּסָ֑ר וּ⁠בְ⁠רֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **correction**, **abundance**, and **folly**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “because he is not corrected; and in how abundantly foolish he is”
5:23 n1a7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשְׁגֶּֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person behaving in a sinful manner that will cause him to die as if he were staggering like an intoxicated person who gets lost. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he loses his way” or “he behaves recklessly”\n
6:intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n### Adulterous women\n\nThis chapter repeatedly warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [6:9](../06/09.md), [27](../06/27.md), [28](../06/28.md), the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as examples\n\nIn this chapter, the gazelle, bird, and ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to teach about wisdom. If your language does not recognize those animals as being wise, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute other animals from your culture that would help explain the same concept.
6:1 ewfe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6:1 rs3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם 1 Here, **if** indicates that Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to teach his **son**. This verse and the next verse are one long conditional sentence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “suppose”
6:1 sb1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִם־עָרַ֣בְתָּ לְ⁠רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon implies that the **pledge** is a promise to pay back a loan of money for **your neighbor** if he is unable to pay back the loan himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you promise to pay back the loan for your neighbor when he is unable to pay it”
6:1 z256 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תָּקַ֖עְתָּ לַ⁠זָּ֣ר כַּפֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you clasp your palms for a stranger”\n
@ -586,6 +599,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
6:2 p9iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י⁠ךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ךָ 1 In these clauses, Solomon refers to someone getting into trouble because of what he said as if his **sayings** were a trap that could ensnare or catch him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if you get into trouble by the sayings of your mouth, if you encounter difficulty by the sayings of your mouth”
6:2 qta7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י⁠ךָ & בְּ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **mouth** represents the **ensnared** or **caught** person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by your sayings … by your sayings”\n
6:3 d6yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result עֲשֵׂ֨ה זֹ֥את אֵפ֪וֹא 1 Here, **then** indicates that what follows is what someone should do if the hypothetical conditions stated in the previous two verses take place. Use the most natural way to express this in your language. Alternate translation: “then do this in response”
6:3 qqa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנִ֡⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6:3 f6je rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וְֽ⁠הִנָּצֵ֗ל 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Solomon commands his son to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of rescuing yourself”
6:3 s2sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽ⁠הִנָּצֵ֗ל 1 Here, Solomon implies that his **son** should **rescue** himself from his obligation to fulfill the promise referred to in [6:1–2](../06/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and rescue yourself from your obligation”
6:3 zn5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָ֤אתָ בְ⁠כַף־רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **son** being controlled by his **neighbor** as if he had **come into the palm** of his **neighbor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your neighbor has power over you”
@ -665,6 +679,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
6:19 k9xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אַחִֽים 1 Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “family members”
6:20 rk2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נְצֹ֣ר בְּ֭נִ⁠י מִצְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Guard, my son, the commandment of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother”\n
6:20 tplj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְצֹ֣ר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **commandment** as if it were an object that someone should **Guard**. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has commanded him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of guard in [3:21](../03/21.md). Alternate translation: “Remember to practice”\n
6:20 ejdg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6:20 u11d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated this clause in [1:8](../01/08.md).
6:21 y710 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קָשְׁרֵ֣⁠ם עַל־לִבְּ⁠ךָ֣ תָמִ֑יד עָ֝נְדֵ֗⁠ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Bind them on your heart continually; yes, tie them around your neck”
6:21 qz2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קָשְׁרֵ֣⁠ם עַל־לִבְּ⁠ךָ֣ 1 Here Solomon is speaking of remembering his commands as if they were objects that people could **bind** on their **hearts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remember them”
@ -796,7 +811,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
7:15 zhni rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לְ⁠שַׁחֵ֥ר 1 The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I came out to diligently seek”
7:15 fys2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פָּ֝נֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **face** refers to being in the presence of the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your presence” or “where you are”
7:16 k6lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַרְשִׂ֑⁠י 1 Here, **couch** refers to a platform that wealthy people would sit or lie on in order to rest or sleep. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of furniture, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “my place for resting”
7:16 bi4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַ֭רְבַדִּים & חֲ֝טֻב֗וֹת אֵט֥וּן מִצְרָֽיִם 1 Here, the woman describes the **coverings** as being **colored linen of Egypt**, which is expensive and luxurious fabric. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with coverings, which are expensive colored linen of Egypt”
7:16 bi4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַ֭רְבַדִּים & חֲ֝טֻב֗וֹת אֵט֥וּן מִצְרָֽיִם 1 Here, the woman describes the **coverings** as being **colored linen of Egypt**, which is expensive and luxurious fabric. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with coverings, which are luxurious colored linen of Egypt”
7:17 g7k4 נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑⁠י 1 Alternate translation: “scattered on my bed”
7:17 ibk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים וְ⁠קִנָּמֽוֹן 1 This mixture of **myrrh**, **aloes**, and **cinnamon** consisted of pleasant-smelling substances that were mixed together and used like perfume. If your readers would not be familiar with these substances, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “with pleasant-smelling substances”\n
7:18 w7yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִרְוֶ֣ה דֹ֭דִים 1 The word translated **drench** refers to giving a baby a satisfying amount of milk. Here, the woman speaks about satisfying one’s sexual desires as if one were satisfying the thirst of a hungry baby. If it would be helpful in your language, your could express the meaning plainly or use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “let us satisfy our sexual desires” or “let us satisfy ourselves with lusts as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food”\n
@ -963,6 +978,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:31 tpzd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠שַׁעֲשֻׁעַ֗⁠י 1 See how you translated “delight” in the previous verse.
8:31 wnq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [8:4](../08/04.md)
8:32 ly1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה 1 **And now** here indicates a transition from what Wisdom said in [8:4–31](../08/04.md) to the call to pay attention that follows. See how you translated the same clause in [5:7](../05/07.md) and [7:24](../07/24.md).\n
8:32 mgid rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בָ֭נִים 1 See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [4:1](../04/01.md).
8:32 hwt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ֝⁠אַשְׁרֵ֗י 1 Here, **and** introduces the reason for obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “since happy”\n
8:32 m6ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכַ֥⁠י יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ 1 Here, **ways** refers to behavior. See how you translated the similar use of **keep** and “paths” in [2:20](../02/20.md). Alternate translation: “are they who behave like me”
8:33 uqpl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֥ר 1 See how you translated **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
@ -1061,6 +1077,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
10:3 u9iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֶהְדֹּֽף 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** preventing **the wicked ones** from getting what they **desire** as if the **desire** were an object that **Yahweh** **thrusts away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he thwarts”
10:4 e3ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַף־רְמִיָּ֑ה וְ⁠יַ֖ד חָרוּצִ֣ים 1 Here, **palm** and **hand** represent the whole person, who works by using a **palm** or **hand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work … but people who work diligently”
10:4 yly7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֗אשׁ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **poverty** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
10:5 o7c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֹגֵ֣ר & בֵּ֣ן & נִרְדָּ֥ם & בֵּ֣ן 1 **One who gathers**, **a son**, and **one who keeps** refer to types of people in general, not specific people or sons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who gathers … is any son … but any person who sleeps … is any son”
10:5 i51x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֹגֵ֣ר בַּ֭⁠קַּיִץ & בַּ֝⁠קָּצִ֗יר 1 See how you translated the same use of **gathers**, **summer**, and **harvest** in [6:8](../06/08.md).
10:5 mwm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֹגֵ֣ר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “One who gathers food”
10:5 o82h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַשְׂכִּ֑יל 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
@ -1461,7 +1478,9 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
12:28 d3it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, **no death** could refer to: (1) a person not dying earlier than expected, which is the opposite way of saying the same idea used for **life** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “is not dying early” (2) a person having immortality. Alternate translation: “is immortality”
13:intro nh7k 0 # Proverbs 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [13:14](../13/14.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
13:1 ugs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם מ֣וּסַר אָ֑ב 1 Solomon is leaving a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “A wise son listens to the instruction of a father”
13:1 c2rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
13:1 au6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֣וּסַר & גְּעָרָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
13:1 gk2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝⁠לֵ֗ץ 1 Here, **a mocker** refers to this type of person in general, not a specific **mocker**. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “but any mocker”
13:1 uwpq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֑ב 1 Here, **father** refers to the **father** of the **son** mentioned earlier in the clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his father”
13:2 zu98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [12:14](../12/14.md).
13:2 w883 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֑וֹב & וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ & חָמָֽס 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md), **appetite** in [6:30](../06/30.md), and **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md).
@ -1598,7 +1617,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
14:8 e2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמַ֣ת & וְ⁠אִוֶּ֖לֶת & מִרְמָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md), **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md), and **deceit** in [11:1](../11/01.md).
14:8 vug2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָ֭רוּם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:16](../12/16.md).
14:8 vp9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
14:9 f44d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָשָׁ֑ם 1 Mocking **the guilt offering** implies that **Fools mock** the need for people to offer **the guilt offering** in order to ask God to forgive them for sinning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “offering guilt offerings to God for forgiveness”\n
14:9 f44d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָשָׁ֑ם 1 Mocking **the guilt offering** implies that **Fools mock** the need for people to offer **the guilt offering** in order to ask Yahweh to forgive them for sinning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “offering guilt offerings to Yahweh for forgiveness”\n
14:9 t24p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָצֽוֹן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
14:9 pui7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָצֽוֹן 1 Here, Solomon implies that this **favor** is from Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is Yahweh’s favor”
14:10 xxe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֗ב & נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ & וּ֝⁠בְ⁠שִׂמְחָת֗⁠וֹ 1 **A heart**, **itself**, and **its** refer to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person … that person, and in that person’s joy”
@ -1643,7 +1662,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
14:20 h5ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גַּם־לְ֭⁠רֵעֵ⁠הוּ יִשָּׂ֣נֵא רָ֑שׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A poor person’s neighbor even hates him”
14:21 fy3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בָּז־לְ⁠רֵעֵ֥⁠הוּ חוֹטֵ֑א וּ⁠מְחוֹנֵ֖ן עניים אַשְׁרָֽי⁠ו 1 **One who sins**, **his neighbor**, **one who shows favor**, and **he** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Any person who sins despises that person’s neighbors, but any person who shows favor to afflicted ones, happy is that person”
14:21 d4gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠מְחוֹנֵ֖ן 1 Here, **shows favor** refers to being kind to someone, not to favoring one person over another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the one who is compassionate to”
14:22 m1cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽ⁠לוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ חֹ֣רְשֵׁי רָ֑ע 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Devisers of evil surely go astray!”
14:22 m1cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽ⁠לוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ חֹ֣רְשֵׁי רָ֑ע 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Devisers of evil certainly go astray!”
14:22 ie8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע וְ⁠חֶ֥סֶד וֶ֝⁠אֱמֶ֗ת & טֽוֹב 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md), **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** in [3:3](../03/03.md), and **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
14:22 mmn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֲֽ⁠לוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **go astray** to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Are not … deceptive”\n
14:22 aqg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֹ֣רְשֵׁי טֽוֹב 1 Here, **are for** indicates that **devisers of good** are those who will benefit from receiving the **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness** of others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “benefit devisers of good”
@ -2404,6 +2423,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:26 qnqz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֭ב & אֵ֑ם 1 Solomon implies that **father** and **mother** here refer to the **father** and **mother** of **One who does violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to his father … his mother” or “to that person’s father … that person’s mother”
19:26 lqgg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֝֗ן 1 Although **son** is masculine, Solomon is using those words in a generic sense that could refer to either a male or female child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “is a child”\n
19:26 h1xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְֽשַׁדֶּד & מֵבִ֥ישׁ וּ⁠מַחְפִּֽיר 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **violence**, **shame**, and **embarrassment**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md) and **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md). Alternate translation: “One who is violent … who shames and embarrasses”
19:27 sdsu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
19:27 n4av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony חַֽדַל & לִ⁠שְׁמֹ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר 1 Here Solomon is using irony. By doing so, Solomon actually means to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of his words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not cease to hear instruction”
19:27 tmrr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֑ר & דָֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
19:27 s24z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לִ֝⁠שְׁג֗וֹת 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the result of doing what was stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “with the result that you stray”\n
@ -2886,7 +2906,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
23:14 n86g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ֝⁠נַפְשׁ֗⁠וֹ & תַּצִּֽיל 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then you will rescue his life” or “This will result in you rescuing his life”\n
23:14 fwe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝⁠נַפְשׁ֗⁠וֹ מִ⁠שְּׁא֥וֹל תַּצִּֽיל 1 Here, the writer speaks of someone preventing his child from dying as if he were rescuing **his life from Sheol**, which is the place where people’s spirits go when they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will keep him alive”
23:15 c9zs [23:15](../23/15.md)–[16](../23/16.md) is Saying 13 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
23:15 p7th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 Although the term **son** is masculine, the writer is using this word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).
23:15 p7th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).
23:15 wwa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ & לִבִּ֣⁠י 1 In this verse, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [14:10](../14/10.md).
23:16 mx6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כִלְיוֹתָ֑⁠י 1 Here, **inner parts** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
23:16 sij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **lips** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
@ -2901,7 +2921,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
23:18 gu9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת 1 Here, the writer speaks of **hope** not remaining unfulfilled as if it were an object can **will not be cut off**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not remain unfulfilled” or “will not fail to become reality”
23:18 uxul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת 1 The writer is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will surely become reality”
23:19 jwu3 [23:19](../23/19.md)–[21](../23/21.md) is Saying 15 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
23:19 kgog rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְנִ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).
23:19 kgog rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְנִ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
23:19 r8w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וַ⁠חֲכָ֑ם 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what the writer commands his **son** to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. See how you translated this phrase in [6:6](../06/06.md).\n
23:19 jg2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַשֵּׁ֖ר בַּ⁠דֶּ֣רֶךְ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, the writer refers to deciding to think about the right way to behave as if someone were leading his **heart** to go on a path. The word **heart** here refers to a person’s mind, as in [2:2](../02/02.md), and **way** refers to right human behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and decide to think about right behavior”
23:20 xyh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְ⁠סֹֽבְאֵי 1 See how you translated the same use of **Do not be among** in [22:26](../22/26.md).
@ -3059,7 +3079,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
24:20 s8z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לָ⁠רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated **an evil one** in [17:11](../17/11.md).
24:20 mmf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ 1 See how you translated the same clause in [13:9](../13/09.md).
24:21 j1fr 0 [24:21](../24/21.md)–[22](../24/22.md) is Saying 30 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
24:21 qm8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנִ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).
24:21 qm8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנִ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
24:21 vvr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וָ⁠מֶ֑לֶךְ 1 See how you translated **the king** in [16:15](../16/15.md).
24:21 mt2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שׁ֝וֹנִ֗ים 1 Here, **ones who change** refers to people who **change** from respecting authorities, such as **Yahweh and the king**, to rebelling against them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ones who rebel”
24:22 t6cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֵידָ֑⁠ם 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **calamity** in [1:26](../01/26.md).
@ -3409,7 +3429,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
27:10 a4vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠י֣וֹם 1 Here, **day** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 24-hour length of time. See how you translated the same use of **day** in [21:31](../21/31.md).
27:10 sg3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֵידֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **calamity** in [1:26](../01/26.md).\n
27:10 djmi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ט֥וֹב שָׁכֵ֥ן קָ֝ר֗וֹב מֵ⁠אָ֥ח רָחֽוֹק 1 Here, Solomon implies that this situation is true **in the day of your calamity**, as mentioned in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When you need help, a nearby inhabitant is better than a distant brother”
27:11 gm95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).\n
27:11 gm95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
27:11 v2t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִבִּ֑⁠י 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [14:10](../14/10.md).\n
27:11 dbcf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אָשִׁ֖יבָה & דָבָֽר 1 Here, Solomon refers to replying to someone as if the **word** spoken were an object that one returns to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I shall reply with a word”\n
27:11 zblc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠אָשִׁ֖יבָה 1 Here, and introduces the result of the **son** being **wise**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “As a result, I shall return”\n
@ -3505,7 +3525,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
28:7 b5pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נוֹצֵ֣ר & וְ⁠רֹעֶה & אָבִֽי⁠ו 1 **One who guards**, **one who associates**, and **his** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who guards … but any person who associates with … that person’s father”
28:7 rh6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נוֹצֵ֣ר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of obeying **the law** as if it were an object that someone **guards**. See how you translated the same use of “keep” in [28:4](../28/04.md).
28:7 mmgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns תּ֭וֹרָה 1 See how you translated the same use of **the law** in [28:4](../28/04.md).
28:7 pi9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֣ן 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).
28:7 pi9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֣ן 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
28:8 uef7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַרְבֶּ֣ה ה֭וֹנ⁠וֹ & לְ⁠חוֹנֵ֖ן 1 **One who increases**, **his**, and **one who shows favor** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who increases that person’s own wealth … for any person who shows favor”
28:8 i36g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys בְּ⁠נֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֑ית 1 The two words **interest** and **usury** express a single idea. The word **usury** indicates that this person is charging an unreasonably large amount of **interest** to those who borrow money from him. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “by charging extra money to borrow”
28:8 vw0h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִקְבְּצֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon implies that the **One who increases his wealth** unknowingly **gathers** his **wealth** for someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “unknowingly gathers it”
@ -3684,7 +3704,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
29:16 th5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פָּ֑שַׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md).
29:16 a429 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּֽ⁠מַפַּלְתָּ֥⁠ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **downfall**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “them falling down”
29:16 ha78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּֽ⁠מַפַּלְתָּ֥⁠ם 1 Here, **downfall** could refer to: (1) the destruction of **wicked ones**, in which case **downfall** would have a meaning similar to “fall” in [11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “their destruction” (2) the **wicked ones** losing their power or authority. Alternate translation: “their loss of power”
29:17 kz21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ֭נְ⁠ךָ 1 Although the term **son** is masculine, the writer is using this word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).\n
29:17 kz21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בִּ֭נְ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
29:17 xzqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וִֽ⁠ינִיחֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of disciplining one’s **son**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “As a result, he will cause you to rest”\n
29:17 evuu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יִתֵּ֖ן מַעֲדַנִּ֣ים לְ⁠נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **son** causing his parents to feel delighted as if **delights** were objects that he can **give** to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translate: “and he will delight your being”
29:17 a7i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ⁠נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **soul** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
@ -3984,7 +4004,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
31:26 q9jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־לְשׁוֹנָֽ⁠הּ 1 Here, **on her tongue** refers to her speaking, which involved using **her tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is spoken by her”
31:27 uqe6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הֲלִיכ֣וֹת בֵּיתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, **the goings on of her house** could refer to: (1) what happens inside her home. Alternate translation: “what happens in her home” (2) what the people who live in **her house** do, in which case **her house** has the same meaning as in [31:15](../31/15.md). Alternate translation: “what her family does”
31:27 ynb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠לֶ֥חֶם עַ֝צְל֗וּת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵֽל 1 Here, Lemuel’s mother speaks of someone being lazy as if **laziness** were **bread** that a person **eats**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she does not act idly”
31:28 hq5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בָ֭נֶי⁠הָ 1 Although **sons** is masculine, here Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either male or female children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear, as in the UST.\n
31:28 hq5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בָ֭נֶי⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [4:1](../04/01.md).
31:28 rg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction קָ֣מוּ 1 Here, the phrase **rise up** refers to a symbolic action to show respect for someone. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “stand to show respect”
31:29 gw2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks רַבּ֣וֹת בָּ֭נוֹת עָ֣שׂוּ חָ֑יִל וְ֝⁠אַ֗תְּ עָלִ֥ית עַל־כֻּלָּֽ⁠נָה 1 This verse is a quotation of what the woman’s husband said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.
31:29 xewq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בָּ֭נוֹת 1 Here, the woman’s husband uses **daughters** to refer to women in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.

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