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@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ ROM 1 32 iqg1 writing-pronouns τὰ τοιαῦτα…αὐτὰ…τοῖς π
ROM 1 32 p9e9 figs-nominaladj ἄξιοι θανάτου 1 Paul is using the adjective **worthy** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who deserve death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ROM 1 32 t0ls figs-abstractnouns ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are worthy to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ROM 1 32 awth figs-metaphor ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν 1 Here Paul uses **death** figuratively to refer to spiritual **death**, which is eternal punishment in hell that occurs after physical death. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are worthy to die spiritually” or “are worthy of spiritual death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 2 intro dse2 0 # Romans 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n3. All mankind is condemned because of sin (1:183:20)\n * All non-Jews have sinned (1:1832)\n * All Jews have sinned (2:13:8)\n\nIn this chapter Paul shifts his audience from Roman Christians to people who “judge” other people and do not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### “Therefore you are without excuse”\n\nThis phrase looks back at Chapter 1. In some ways, it actually concludes what Chapter 1 teaches. This phrase explains why everyone in the world must worship the true God.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “Doers of the Law”\n\nThose who try to obey the Law of Moses will not be justified by trying to obey it. Those who are justified by believing in Jesus show that their faith is real by obeying Gods commands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Questions\n\nPaul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The intent of these rhetorical questions is possibly to make the reader realize that they are sinners so that they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n### Hypothetical Situations\n\nIn context, “he will give eternal life” in verse 7 is a hypothetical statement. If a person could live a perfect life, they would earn eternal life as a reward. But only Jesus was able to live a perfect life.\n\nPaul gives another hypothetical situation in verses 17-29. Here he explains that even those who earnestly try to obey the law of Moses are guilty of violating the law. In English, this is about those who follow the “letter” of the law but cannot follow the “spirit” or general principles of the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nIn [verses 15](../02/01.md) Paul uses the singular pronoun “you” and the singular noun “man” to refer to all people in general. If your language does not use singular pronouns or singular nouns to refer to a group of people, you can use a different expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-crowd]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
ROM 2 intro dse2 0 # Romans 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n3. All mankind is condemned because of sin (1:183:20)\n * All non-Jews have sinned (1:1832)\n * All Jews have sinned (2:13:8)\n\nIn this chapter Paul shifts his audience from Roman Christians to people who “judge” other people and do not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### “Therefore you are without excuse”\n\nThis phrase looks back at Chapter 1. In some ways, it actually concludes what Chapter 1 teaches. This phrase explains why everyone in the world must worship the true God.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The Law”\n\nIn this chapter Paul uses the singular noun “the law” to refer to the group of laws that God gave Israel through Moses. Paul says that those who try to obey the Law of Moses will not be justified by trying to obey it. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Questions\n\nPaul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The intent of these rhetorical questions is possibly to make the reader realize that they are sinners so that they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n### Hypothetical Situations\n\nIn context, “he will give eternal life” in verse 7 is a hypothetical statement. If a person could live a perfect life, they would earn eternal life as a reward. But only Jesus was able to live a perfect life.\n\nPaul gives another hypothetical situation in verses 17-29. Here he explains that even those who earnestly try to obey the law of Moses are guilty of violating the law. In English, this is about those who follow the “letter” of the law but cannot follow the “spirit” or general principles of the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nIn [verses 15](../02/01.md) Paul uses the singular pronoun “you” and the singular noun “man” to refer to all people in general. If your language does not use singular pronouns or singular nouns to refer to a group of people, you can use a different expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-crowd]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
ROM 2 1 y6ts grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Connecting Statement: **Therefore** here marks a new section of the letter. It also introduces a result clause that summarizes the consequences of the behavior Paul described in [1:1832](../01/18.md). Use a natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “As a result” or “So then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
ROM 2 1 d7pj figs-crowd εἶ…κρίνεις…σεαυτὸν κατακρίνεις…πράσσεις, ὁ κρίνων 1 Therefore you are without excuse Paul uses the singular pronoun **you** here to refer to all people in general. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “every one of you is … every one of you judges … every one of you condemns yourself … every one of you who judges practices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-crowd]])
ROM 2 1 atxo ἀναπολόγητος 1 Therefore you are without excuse See how you translated this phrase in [1:20](../01/20.md).

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