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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
1KI front intro h5yn 0 # Introduction to 1 Kings
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 1 Kings
1. David dies and Solomon begins to reign (1:1-2:46)
1. Solomon reigns (3:1–11:43)
- Solomon becomes wise and wealthy (3:1–4:43)
- Solomon's temple (5:1–8:66)
- Rise and fall of Solomon (9:1–11:43)
1. The kingdom divides (12:1-14:31)
- Rehoboam succeeds Solomon (12:1–24)
- Jeroboam rules the northern kingdom of Israel (12:25–33)
- Ahijah prophesies against Jeroboam (13:1–14:20)
- Rehoboam's end (14:21–31)
1. Kings and events in Israel and Judah (15:1-22:53)
- Abijah and Asa in Judah (15:1–24)
- Nadab in Israel (15:25–32)
- Baasha in Israel (15:33–16:7)
- Elah in Israel (16:8–14)
- Zimri in Israel (16:15–22)
- Omri in Israel (16:23–28)
- Ahab in Israel (16:29–22:40)
- Jehoshaphat in Judah (22:41–50)
- Ahaziah in Israel (22:51–53)
### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about?
These books are about what happened to the people of Israel, from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died.
In the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem ([2 Kings 22–23](../../2ki/22/01.md)). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked.
The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew. They were separated into two books when translated into Greek. Translators might choose more meaningful titles such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What was the purpose of 1 and 2 Kings?
These books were probably finished during the exile, after the Babylonians had destroyed the temple. They show how being faithful to Yahweh results in his blessing and prospering his people. Worshipping idols and not being faithful result in their being punished and destroyed.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly?
In the Bible, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. Indirectly addressing people in this way was intended to honor the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way. But a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position.
### What does the king "did what was right (or evil) in the eyes of Yahweh" mean?
The writer repeats this kind of expression throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Here "in the eyes of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh thinks about someone. If a king was faithful and obeyed the covenant, he did what was right according to Yahweh. If he was not faithful and disobeyed the covenant, he did what was evil according to Yahweh.
### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])
### Can I translate the Book of 1 Kings before I translate the Books of 1 and 2 Samuel?
The Books of 1 and 2 Samuel should be translated before 1 Kings, since 1 Kings continues from where 2 Samuel ends.
-1KI 1 intro v496 0 # 1 Kings 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
1 Kings is a continuation of 2 Samuel.
This chapter records the beginning of the reign of Solomon (chapters 1-11) after the death of David.
### Special concepts in this chapter
== The next king ==
David did not announce who was to succeed him. Because of this, there was fighting between David's sons over who should be king. Adonijah invited guests to a banquet and declared himself king. Then those favoring Solomon told David and he declared Solomon the new king.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
Several times in this chapter, the people use the idiom "sit on the throne" to mean "be king." Solomon assures Adonijah that if he behaves himself "not a hair of his will fall to the earth," meaning "he will not be harmed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1KI 1 intro v496 0 # 1 Kings 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
1 Kings is a continuation of 2 Samuel.
This chapter records the beginning of the reign of Solomon (chapters 1-11) after the death of David.
## Special concepts in this chapter
== The next king ==
David did not announce who was to succeed him. Because of this, there was fighting between David's sons over who should be king. Adonijah invited guests to a banquet and declared himself king. Then those favoring Solomon told David and he declared Solomon the new king.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Idiom
Several times in this chapter, the people use the idiom "sit on the throne" to mean "be king." Solomon assures Adonijah that if he behaves himself "not a hair of his will fall to the earth," meaning "he will not be harmed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 1 1 pwg1 0 covered him with blankets They put many blankets on King David to try to keep him warm.
1KI 1 1 b43p figs-doublet 0 old and advanced in years "very old." The two phrases are similar in meaning and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]].)
1KI 1 3 f51x 0 So they searched "So the king's servants searched"
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 52 jr66 0 General Information: Solomon spares the life of Adonijah.
1KI 1 52 t3dr figs-explicit 0 not a hair of his will fall to the earth This is an exaggeration to say that Solomon will keep Adonijah safe. Alternate translation: "not a hair of his head will fall" or "I will keep him safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 1 52 d933 figs-abstractnouns 0 wickedness is found in him The abstract noun "wickedness" can be translated as a verb. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "he does what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1KI 2 intro nsa1 0 # 1 Kings 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories: David's last advice to Solomon and Solomon's punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Exalting oneself
Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Euphemism
David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: "I am going the way of all the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Parallelism
David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: "Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses." Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+1KI 2 intro nsa1 0 # 1 Kings 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories: David's last advice to Solomon and Solomon's punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Exalting oneself
Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Euphemism
David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: "I am going the way of all the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Parallelism
David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: "Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses." Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1KI 2 2 v679 figs-euphemism 0 I am going the way of all the earth This is a polite way of saying "I am going to die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1KI 2 2 n19l figs-ellipsis 0 show yourself a man The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: "show everyone that you are a man" or "live so that everyone can see you are a good man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1KI 2 3 z9rt figs-idiom 0 walk in his ways Walking on a path is a metonym for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: "live the way he commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 2 45 r843 0 General Information: King Solomon orders Shimei to be put to death.
1KI 2 45 fx8t figs-metonymy 0 the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever Here "throne of David" represents the authority and rule of David and all his descendants forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 46 q4c8 figs-metonymy 0 in Solomon's hand This use of "hand" represents Solomon's power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1KI 3 intro r15u 0 # 1 Kings 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories. Verses 1-15 is the story of Solomon's dream when God asked him what he wanted and he said he needed wisdom to be a good and fair ruler. Verses 16-28 is the story of a court case showing Solomon's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Wisdom
God was very pleased with Solomon's request for wisdom. This is because wisdom was something that he could use to serve other people instead of himself. Because this was a noble request, God promised Solomon wisdom, wealth, and fame. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
#### Putting the needs of others first
There are two additional examples of people putting the needs of others in front of their own needs. God is pleased with people wanting to do their job well more than wanting to be blessed. A mother will put the life of her child above every other concern. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+1KI 3 intro r15u 0 # 1 Kings 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories. Verses 1-15 is the story of Solomon's dream when God asked him what he wanted and he said he needed wisdom to be a good and fair ruler. Verses 16-28 is the story of a court case showing Solomon's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Wisdom
God was very pleased with Solomon's request for wisdom. This is because wisdom was something that he could use to serve other people instead of himself. Because this was a noble request, God promised Solomon wisdom, wealth, and fame. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
### Putting the needs of others first
There are two additional examples of people putting the needs of others in front of their own needs. God is pleased with people wanting to do their job well more than wanting to be blessed. A mother will put the life of her child above every other concern. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
1KI 3 1 h2l6 0 General Information: Solomon marries an Egyptian.
1KI 3 1 q5yv 0 Solomon allied himself by marriage with Pharaoh king of Egypt Solomon became the son-in-law of Pharaoh king of Egypt so the two kings would work together and fight together against their enemies.
1KI 3 1 s4dd 0 until he had finished building She was still in the city of David after he had finished building.
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 3 26 uue9 0 General Information: The real mother asks the king to spare the child's life.
1KI 3 26 ix5r figs-metaphor 0 her heart was full of compassion for her son This speaks of the woman having a lot of compassion as if her heart were a container and compassion were a solid object. Alternate translation: "she greatly loved her baby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 3 28 caa5 figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-1KI 4 intro q6h7 0 # 1 Kings 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter names the important people in Solomon's government and shows the extent of his kingdom.
+1KI 4 intro q6h7 0 # 1 Kings 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter names the important people in Solomon's government and shows the extent of his kingdom.
1KI 4 1 lyk2 0 General Information: This is the beginning of a list of Solomon's officials. The list ends in 1 Kings 4:6.
1KI 4 2 e1li translate-names 0 Azariah ... Zadok These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 4 3 hc81 0 Connecting Statement: This continues the list of Solomon's officials.
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 4 30 g12d 0 the people of the east This refers to people from countries east of Israel such as Arabia and Mesopotamia.
1KI 4 31 cu1z translate-names 0 Ethan ... Heman ... Kalkol ... Darda ... Mahol men's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 4 33 r1r3 translate-unknown 0 cedar ... hyssop These words form a merism that includes all plants. Alternate translation: "cedar tree ... hyssop bush" or "the greatest of trees ... least important of bushes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-1KI 5 intro c6a5 0 # 1 Kings 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the description of the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Building the temple
Building the temple took a lot of work and cooperation. King Hiram of Tyre provided lumber for building the temple in exchange for wheat and olive oil. Solomon also had many people cutting rocks for the walls of the temple.
+1KI 5 intro c6a5 0 # 1 Kings 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the description of the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Building the temple
Building the temple took a lot of work and cooperation. King Hiram of Tyre provided lumber for building the temple in exchange for wheat and olive oil. Solomon also had many people cutting rocks for the walls of the temple.
1KI 5 1 f4a8 0 General Information: Solomon talks with King Hiram about building the Temple.
1KI 5 1 wb37 0 Hiram had always loved David "Hiram had always been a close friend of King David"
1KI 5 3 pv3b figs-idiom 0 Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet To put an enemy under someone's foot means to conquer them. Alternate translation: "Yahweh was helping David to defeat his enemies" or "David was busy since Yahweh was giving him victory over his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 5 17 u9ki 0 General Information: Solomon continues to force men to build the temple.
1KI 5 17 hk8u 0 quarried large stones of high quality "dug large, good stones out of the mountain and cut them to be the right shape"
1KI 5 18 l6m8 translate-unknown 0 Gebalites men from the city of Gebal (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-1KI 6 intro dn22 0 # 1 Kings 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Building the temple
Solomon built the temple in seven years. The outside walls were made of rock. Solomon shaped the rocks for the wall in the quarry and then assembled them at the temple site. The inside was covered with wood. Inside the temple was a room covered by gold, which was the Most Holy Place where the ark was housed under statues of angels. It represented the presence of God.
+1KI 6 intro dn22 0 # 1 Kings 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Building the temple
Solomon built the temple in seven years. The outside walls were made of rock. Solomon shaped the rocks for the wall in the quarry and then assembled them at the temple site. The inside was covered with wood. Inside the temple was a room covered by gold, which was the Most Holy Place where the ark was housed under statues of angels. It represented the presence of God.
1KI 6 1 rj8r 0 General Information: The narrator describes the temple and its dimensions. This description continues through 1 Kings 6:38.
1KI 6 1 si1j figs-metonymy 0 Solomon began to build Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: "Solomon commanded his workers to begin building" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 6 1 z8zf translate-ordinal 0 480th ... fourth These are the ordinal forms of 480 and 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 6 38 hy2b translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Bul, which is the eighth month "Bul" is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 6 38 iee2 0 the house was finished in all its parts and conforming to all its specifications This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "they finished building every part of the house. They built it exactly the way Solomon had told them to build it"
1KI 6 38 rz5l figs-metonymy 0 Solomon took Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. Alternate translation: "It took Solomon's workers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1KI 7 intro kaf2 0 # 1 Kings 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has a description of the palace Solomon built and the materials used in the temple courtyard. It is the last chapter about the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Bronze
Solomon hired a man from Tyre who was good at casting things out of bronze. The bronze objects were made by hollowing out the shape of the object in clay and then pouring in the hot melted liquid bronze and letting it cool. He made two large pillars and a large water reservoir set on the backs of 12 bronze cows. He made all the instruments for use in the sacrifices outside the temple. He made the furnishing inside the temple out of gold.
#### The temple and the palace
Solomon spent 13 years building a palace for himself that was much bigger than the temple. It is significant that the house of Solomon was much larger than the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])
+1KI 7 intro kaf2 0 # 1 Kings 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter has a description of the palace Solomon built and the materials used in the temple courtyard. It is the last chapter about the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Bronze
Solomon hired a man from Tyre who was good at casting things out of bronze. The bronze objects were made by hollowing out the shape of the object in clay and then pouring in the hot melted liquid bronze and letting it cool. He made two large pillars and a large water reservoir set on the backs of 12 bronze cows. He made all the instruments for use in the sacrifices outside the temple. He made the furnishing inside the temple out of gold.
### The temple and the palace
Solomon spent 13 years building a palace for himself that was much bigger than the temple. It is significant that the house of Solomon was much larger than the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])
1KI 7 1 in3j 0 General Information: The author is writing about Solomon's palace.
1KI 7 1 f5n7 figs-metonymy 0 Solomon took thirteen years to build his own palace Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. Alternate translation: "It took Solomon's workers thirteen years to build his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 7 1 lf86 0 palace If your language does not have a word for "palace," you may translate this as "house" or "big house."
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 7 50 tev9 figs-activepassive 0 had made the cups ... all of which were made of pure gold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "had his workers make all the cups ... out of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 7 50 y2nn 0 sockets of gold made for the doors Here "sockets" may refer to either 1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or 2) the hinges on which the doors hung.
1KI 7 51 x9f6 figs-activepassive 0 the work that King Solomon directed for the house of Yahweh was finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1KI 8 intro h96s 0 # 1 Kings 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Celebration of the temple's completion
When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
Solomon prayed that God would respond to people's prayers using an idiom: "that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1KI 8 intro h96s 0 # 1 Kings 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Celebration of the temple's completion
When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Idiom
Solomon prayed that God would respond to people's prayers using an idiom: "that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 8 1 kla2 0 assembled the elders of Israel "called together the leaders of Israel"
1KI 8 2 vy83 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 2 uam7 0 at the feast This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also known as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters .
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 8 65 reb2 translate-numbers 0 seven days ... seven days ... fourteen days "7 days ... 7 days ... 14 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 8 66 cs8n translate-ordinal 0 eighth day The word "eighth" is the ordinal form of "8." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1KI 8 66 nja5 figs-doublet 0 joyful and glad The two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-1KI 9 intro iy5f 0 # 1 Kings 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
There are two parts to this chapter. Verses 1–9 is a dream in which God warned Solomon that he and his descendants were not to worship idols. If they did this, the temple would be destroyed. Verses 10–28 is about Solomon's extensive building and his partnership with Hiram, king of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Worship only Yahweh
Yahweh alone must be worshiped. It is necessary for people to stay faithful to God and not worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
'Walk" is a common image in Scripture. It is said, "if you walk before me as David your father walked." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/walk]])
+1KI 9 intro iy5f 0 # 1 Kings 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
There are two parts to this chapter. Verses 1–9 is a dream in which God warned Solomon that he and his descendants were not to worship idols. If they did this, the temple would be destroyed. Verses 10–28 is about Solomon's extensive building and his partnership with Hiram, king of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Worship only Yahweh
Yahweh alone must be worshiped. It is necessary for people to stay faithful to God and not worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
'Walk" is a common image in Scripture. It is said, "if you walk before me as David your father walked." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/walk]])
1KI 9 3 f3hf figs-doublet 0 your prayer and your request The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh recognized that Solomon's request was sincere. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). Alternate translation: "your request" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1KI 9 3 a6as figs-metonymy 0 to put my name there forever The name is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "to dwell there and to claim possession of it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 9 3 hnx7 figs-synecdoche 0 My eyes and my heart will be there The eyes and heart are synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "I will protect and care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 9 26 k7ed figs-synecdoche 0 King Solomon built It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 9 26 f1yt 0 a fleet of ships "a large group of ships"
1KI 9 28 sv65 translate-numbers 0 420 talents of gold "four hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: "about 14,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
-1KI 10 intro abca 0 # 1 Kings 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon's wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
==Queen of Sheba ==
King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
+1KI 10 intro abca 0 # 1 Kings 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon's wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
==Queen of Sheba ==
King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
1KI 10 1 ll43 figs-metonymy 0 Solomon's fame concerning the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is represented by his "name." Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "Solomon's fame, which glorified Yahweh" or 2) Alternate translation: "Solomon's fame, which Yahweh had given him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 10 2 ktj1 figs-hyperbole 0 all that was in her heart This is a generalization. Alternate translation: "everything she wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 10 5 cyv4 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are 1) "how his servants were seated around the table" or 2) "where his servants lived."
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 10 29 z3uu translate-numbers 0 six hundred shekels of silver "600 shekels of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 10 29 ce7h translate-numbers 0 150 shekels "one hundred and fifty shekels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 10 29 e5bh figs-activepassive 0 Many of these were then sold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "His merchants then sold many of these" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1KI 11 intro abcb 0 # 1 Kings 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Solomon. (Chapters 1-11)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Intermarriage with Gentiles
God had told the people of Israel in Moses's law never to marry women from the Gentile nations. But Solomon married many women from Gentile countries. This was because their religious beliefs would negatively affect Israel. Solomon, the wisest man, became a fool and his wives persuaded him to worship foolish idols. God became angry and warned he would take away 10 tribes from the kingdom of his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1KI 11 intro abcb 0 # 1 Kings 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Solomon. (Chapters 1-11)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Intermarriage with Gentiles
God had told the people of Israel in Moses's law never to marry women from the Gentile nations. But Solomon married many women from Gentile countries. This was because their religious beliefs would negatively affect Israel. Solomon, the wisest man, became a fool and his wives persuaded him to worship foolish idols. God became angry and warned he would take away 10 tribes from the kingdom of his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 11 1 i6y4 0 Now King Solomon The word "Now" is used here to mark a break in the main story line where the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
1KI 11 1 rz6n translate-names 0 Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and Hittites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 11 2 u5n2 figs-metonymy 0 turn your heart to their gods To "turn someone's heart" is to convince that person to change his affection. Alternate translation: "persuade you to worship the gods that they worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 11 41 yk5p 0 the book of the events of Solomon This book no longer exists.
1KI 11 43 wer1 figs-metaphor 0 He slept with his ancestors and he was buried The clause "slept with his ancestors" is a metaphor that expresses as a euphemism the death of a person in more gentle words. Alternate translation: "He died and he was buried with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1KI 11 43 ttg1 figs-activepassive 0 he was buried This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "people buried him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1KI 12 intro abcc 0 # 1 Kings 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### Civil war
This chapter explains how the united kingdom of Israel was split into the two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. This is sometimes called a "civil war."
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel splits
God's warning to Solomon came true. In spite of his famous wealth, Solomon had over-taxed his own people and forced them to work for free. When the people requested that King Rehoboam reduce taxes and forced labor, he said that he would be harsher than his father. This caused the 10 northern tribes to revolt and appoint Jeroboam as their king. These northern tribes are now called the kingdom of Israel. Only Judah and Benjamin stayed with Rehoboam. They are called Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]])
#### Jeroboam introduces calf worship
Jeroboam made a terrible mistake. He was afraid that if the people continued to go to Jerusalem to worship in the temple, they would want to return to Rehoboam as their king. So he made two shrines with calves made of gold for the people to worship. This eventually caused the destruction of his whole family. The kingdom of Israel continued worshiping the idols until they were taken slaves by the Assyrians. The northern tribes were unable to truly worship Yahweh without going to Jerusalem in the kingdom of Judah.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The people used the metaphor of "yoke" for oppressive government: "Your father made our yoke difficult. Now then, make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us." But Rehoboam promised to increase their oppression with three metaphors: "My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. So now, although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
+1KI 12 intro abcc 0 # 1 Kings 12 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
### Civil war
This chapter explains how the united kingdom of Israel was split into the two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. This is sometimes called a "civil war."
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Israel splits
God's warning to Solomon came true. In spite of his famous wealth, Solomon had over-taxed his own people and forced them to work for free. When the people requested that King Rehoboam reduce taxes and forced labor, he said that he would be harsher than his father. This caused the 10 northern tribes to revolt and appoint Jeroboam as their king. These northern tribes are now called the kingdom of Israel. Only Judah and Benjamin stayed with Rehoboam. They are called Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]])
### Jeroboam introduces calf worship
Jeroboam made a terrible mistake. He was afraid that if the people continued to go to Jerusalem to worship in the temple, they would want to return to Rehoboam as their king. So he made two shrines with calves made of gold for the people to worship. This eventually caused the destruction of his whole family. The kingdom of Israel continued worshiping the idols until they were taken slaves by the Assyrians. The northern tribes were unable to truly worship Yahweh without going to Jerusalem in the kingdom of Judah.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
The people used the metaphor of "yoke" for oppressive government: "Your father made our yoke difficult. Now then, make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us." But Rehoboam promised to increase their oppression with three metaphors: "My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. So now, although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
1KI 12 1 rer8 figs-synecdoche 0 all Israel was coming Here "Israel" represents all the men of Israel capable of fighting. Here "all Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. Alternate translation: "all the men of Israel were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 12 2 kgj5 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1KI 12 2 s9f6 translate-names 0 Jeroboam ... Nebat These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 12 32 f8e9 figs-idiom 0 went up to the altar "Went up" here is an idiom for going to a sacred place to worship since these altars were located on high places. Alternate translation: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 12 33 t8tb figs-idiom 0 went up to the altar "Went up" here is an idiom for going to a sacred place to worship since these altars were located on high places. Alternate translation: "offered sacrifices on the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 12 33 uh1v 0 in the month he had planned in his own mind "in the month that he had determined"
-1KI 13 intro abcd 0 # 1 Kings 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two parts: The young prophet's warning to Jeroboam (1-10) and the old prophet's deception (11-34). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Obeying God
People should do what God tells them to do and not what other people tell them is God's will for them. The story of the young prophet and the old prophet is an example of this. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]])
+1KI 13 intro abcd 0 # 1 Kings 13 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter has two parts: The young prophet's warning to Jeroboam (1-10) and the old prophet's deception (11-34). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Obeying God
People should do what God tells them to do and not what other people tell them is God's will for them. The story of the young prophet and the old prophet is an example of this. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]])
1KI 13 1 xe5m figs-explicit 0 A man of God came out of Judah by the word of Yahweh to Bethel The implied information is that Yahweh sent the man of God to Bethel. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh sent a man of God from Judah to Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 13 1 gc3y 0 A man of God This is another title for a prophet. Alternate translation: "A prophet"
1KI 13 1 zw3a 0 came out of Judah "came from Judah"
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 13 34 u16a 0 This matter This phrase refers to Jeroboam's setting up shrines and appointing priests.
1KI 13 34 ab53 figs-activepassive 0 caused his family to be destroyed and to be exterminated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "because of this God destroyed and exterminated Jeroboam's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 13 34 p7vm figs-doublet 0 to be destroyed and to be exterminated These mean nearly the same thing. Alternate translation: "to be completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-1KI 14 intro abce 0 # 1 Kings 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories. One is the death of Jeroboam's son (1-18). The other is the reign of Rehoboam (20-31).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The death of Jeroboam's son
God knows the truth; it is useless to try to fool God's prophet. Jeroboam's son became sick; so the king sent his wife, disguised as a common woman, to the prophet. The prophet was blind, but when Jeroboam's wife arrived he told her, "Come in, wife of Jeroboam." He also told her that her son would die and that all of Jeroboam's family would be killed, because he had caused Israel to worship the golden calves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
#### Rehoboam's reign
When Solomon obeyed God, God made him very rich. When the people of Judah began to worship the fertility goddess, Ashtoreth, and to do many evil things, they had to give all of their wealth to the king of Egypt to persuade him not to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+1KI 14 intro abce 0 # 1 Kings 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories. One is the death of Jeroboam's son (1-18). The other is the reign of Rehoboam (20-31).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The death of Jeroboam's son
God knows the truth; it is useless to try to fool God's prophet. Jeroboam's son became sick; so the king sent his wife, disguised as a common woman, to the prophet. The prophet was blind, but when Jeroboam's wife arrived he told her, "Come in, wife of Jeroboam." He also told her that her son would die and that all of Jeroboam's family would be killed, because he had caused Israel to worship the golden calves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Rehoboam's reign
When Solomon obeyed God, God made him very rich. When the people of Judah began to worship the fertility goddess, Ashtoreth, and to do many evil things, they had to give all of their wealth to the king of Egypt to persuade him not to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1KI 14 2 qek9 0 disguise yourself "change how you appear to others"
1KI 14 2 dqs3 figs-activepassive 0 you will not be recognized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will recognize you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 14 5 gqa2 0 Look, the wife of Jeroboam Here the word "Look" means "pay attention."
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 14 31 pki8 translate-names 0 Naamah This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:21](../14/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 14 31 t2h3 0 Abijah his son "Abijah the son of Rehoboam"
1KI 14 31 xgz7 figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "became king instead of Rehoboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1KI 15 intro abcf 0 # 1 Kings 15 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
Judah had some bad kings and some good kings. All of the kings in Israel continued to worship the golden calves, so they were all considered to be bad. Judah and Israel continually fought each other.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "But the shrines were not taken away."
At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign, it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+1KI 15 intro abcf 0 # 1 Kings 15 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
Judah had some bad kings and some good kings. All of the kings in Israel continued to worship the golden calves, so they were all considered to be bad. Judah and Israel continually fought each other.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### "But the shrines were not taken away."
At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign, it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
1KI 15 1 ms3b figs-explicit 0 In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam son of Nebat This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign. Alternate translation: "After Jeroboam had been the king of Israel for almost eighteen years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 15 1 njh8 translate-numbers 0 In the eighteenth year "In year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 15 3 hlc3 figs-metaphor 0 He walked in all the sins Walking represents living, and walking in sins represents committing those sins. Alternate translation: "Abijah continued to practice all the sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 15 34 i9dh figs-metaphor 0 walked in the way of Jeroboam Walking here represents behaving. Alternate translation: "did the same things that Jeroboam had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 15 34 w9fq 0 in his sin by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that "his" and "he" refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam.
1KI 15 34 yq78 figs-metaphor 0 by which he led Israel to sin Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. Alternate translation: "and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1KI 16 intro abcg 0 # 1 Kings 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Incorrect worship
The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+1KI 16 intro abcg 0 # 1 Kings 16 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Incorrect worship
The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1KI 16 1 kf7z figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 16 2 rjv3 0 Although I exalted you This is God's message that Jehu was to give to Baasha. The word "you" refers to Baasha.
1KI 16 2 pn3u figs-metaphor 0 I exalted you out of the dust "I raised you out of the dust." Being in the dust on the ground represents not being important. Exalting someone represents making him important. Alternate translation: "I raised you from a very unimportant position" or "when you had no power or influence over people, I made you important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 16 34 be9n 0 in keeping with the word of Yahweh "according to the word of Yahweh"
1KI 16 34 lvt5 0 the word of Yahweh "the message of Yahweh" or "Yahweh's message"
1KI 16 34 zx6j figs-metonymy 0 which he spoke by Joshua son of Nun Speaking "by" someone represents both telling someone to speak and the person doing it. Alternate translation: "which Yahweh caused Joshua son of Nun to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1KI 17 intro abch 0 # 1 Kings 17 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the story of Elijah. (1 Kings 17 – 2 Kings 2)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Baal worship
Ahab had introduced the worship of Baal, the god people thought brought rain, to Israel. Because of this, God caused a drought. Elijah told Ahab that it would not rain or dew until he, Elijah, said so. Elijah had to hide so Ahab would not kill him for bringing the drought. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+1KI 17 intro abch 0 # 1 Kings 17 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the story of Elijah. (1 Kings 17 – 2 Kings 2)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Baal worship
Ahab had introduced the worship of Baal, the god people thought brought rain, to Israel. Because of this, God caused a drought. Elijah told Ahab that it would not rain or dew until he, Elijah, said so. Elijah had to hide so Ahab would not kill him for bringing the drought. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
1KI 17 1 brj9 translate-names 0 the Tishbite This is the name of a people group from Tishbe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 17 1 q3t1 translate-names 0 Tishbe This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 17 1 ub3q 0 As Yahweh, the God of Israel lives This phrase is an oath to emphasize that what he will say is true.
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 17 23 aut1 0 his room Here "his" refers to Elijah.
1KI 17 23 e1te 0 See, your son is alive The word "See" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1KI 17 24 m6yc figs-metonymy 0 the word of Yahweh in your mouth is true "the message of Yahweh in your mouth is true." The word "mouth" represents what Elijah said. Alternate translation: "the message that you spoke from Yahweh is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1KI 18 intro abci 0 # 1 Kings 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Baal
God proved himself to all the people of Israel. Elijah went to meet Ahab. He told Ahab to bring the 450 prophets of Baal and all the people to Mount Carmel. Then he proposed an experiment, which was carried out. The prophets of Baal took one bull, killed them, cut them up, and placed them on wood on an altar without lighting the fire. The prophets of Baal danced and prayed to Baal all morning and half the afternoon. After they were exhausted, Elijah built his altar and drenched it with water. Then he prayed. God answered his prayer with fire that burned up the sacrifice, the altar and the water. Then Elijah told the people to seize the prophets of Baal and kill them. After that, Elijah prayed for rain, and it rained very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Humor
Elijah insults the false god Baal. He states, "Perhaps he is thinking, or is relieving himself, or he is traveling on a journey, or perhaps he is sleeping and must be awakened." Baal was too busy in the bathroom to answer the prophets. "Relieving himself" is a euphemism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+1KI 18 intro abci 0 # 1 Kings 18 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Baal
God proved himself to all the people of Israel. Elijah went to meet Ahab. He told Ahab to bring the 450 prophets of Baal and all the people to Mount Carmel. Then he proposed an experiment, which was carried out. The prophets of Baal took one bull, killed them, cut them up, and placed them on wood on an altar without lighting the fire. The prophets of Baal danced and prayed to Baal all morning and half the afternoon. After they were exhausted, Elijah built his altar and drenched it with water. Then he prayed. God answered his prayer with fire that burned up the sacrifice, the altar and the water. Then Elijah told the people to seize the prophets of Baal and kill them. After that, Elijah prayed for rain, and it rained very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Humor
Elijah insults the false god Baal. He states, "Perhaps he is thinking, or is relieving himself, or he is traveling on a journey, or perhaps he is sleeping and must be awakened." Baal was too busy in the bathroom to answer the prophets. "Relieving himself" is a euphemism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1KI 18 1 l7sw figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 18 1 q2by 0 send rain on the land "cause rain to fall on the land"
1KI 18 2 lc7k writing-background 0 now the famine was severe The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells background information about how the famine had affected Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 18 45 iv5m 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark where a new step in the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1KI 18 46 y3cl figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh was on Elijah Here the word "hand" is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave his power to Elijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 18 46 jqk4 0 tucked his robe in his belt Elijah wrapped his long robe around his waist so that his legs would be free for running.
-1KI 19 intro abcj 0 # 1 Kings 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
The queen was angry that Elijah had killed her prophets of Baal. She promised to kill Elijah. Elijah fled south into the desert south of Judah. He traveled on to Mount Horeb also known as Mount Sinai, the mountain of God. God asked him why he was there. He said he had come to Mount Horeb because Israel had deserted God, killed his prophets, and wanted to kill him. God sent him home to make Hazael the king of Aram, Jehu the king of Israel, and Elisha as the prophet in his place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
+1KI 19 intro abcj 0 # 1 Kings 19 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
The queen was angry that Elijah had killed her prophets of Baal. She promised to kill Elijah. Elijah fled south into the desert south of Judah. He traveled on to Mount Horeb also known as Mount Sinai, the mountain of God. God asked him why he was there. He said he had come to Mount Horeb because Israel had deserted God, killed his prophets, and wanted to kill him. God sent him home to make Hazael the king of Aram, Jehu the king of Israel, and Elisha as the prophet in his place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
1KI 19 2 s2y6 0 So may the gods do to me, and more also This is a comparison used as an emphatic oath. "May the gods kill me and do even more bad things"
1KI 19 2 sp3r 0 if I do not make your life like the life of one of those dead prophets "if I do not kill you like you killed those prophets"
1KI 19 3 hkc1 0 he arose "he stood up"
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 19 19 m3gy figs-rpronouns 0 he himself was plowing with the twelfth yoke The word "himself" indicates that Elisha was plowing with the last yoke, while other men were plowing with the other eleven yokes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 19 20 jye9 0 he said, "Please The word "he" refers to Elisha.
1KI 19 21 s7a5 figs-explicit 0 he gave it to the people Elisha gave the cooked meat to the people of his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1KI 20 intro abck 0 # 1 Kings 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is a story of two battles between Aram and Israel.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Battle
God had chosen to defeat Ben Hadad, king of Aram. So when he attacked Samaria with a huge army, the tiny army of Israel defeated him. The people of Aram said that Yahweh was the god of the hills, but they could defeat Israel on the plains. So they came again but Israel defeated them again. Then Ben Hadad offered a peace plan and Ahab accepted. But God had wanted him to kill Ben Hadad and was angry at Ahab for making peace with him.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Simile
There were so few Israel soldiers that they were "like two little flocks of goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+1KI 20 intro abck 0 # 1 Kings 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is a story of two battles between Aram and Israel.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Battle
God had chosen to defeat Ben Hadad, king of Aram. So when he attacked Samaria with a huge army, the tiny army of Israel defeated him. The people of Aram said that Yahweh was the god of the hills, but they could defeat Israel on the plains. So they came again but Israel defeated them again. Then Ben Hadad offered a peace plan and Ahab accepted. But God had wanted him to kill Ben Hadad and was angry at Ahab for making peace with him.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Simile
There were so few Israel soldiers that they were "like two little flocks of goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1KI 20 1 i4ar translate-names 0 Ben Hadad This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 20 1 qfr1 translate-numbers 0 thirty-two lesser kings "32 lesser kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 20 1 ai8j 0 lesser kings "kings ruling smaller groups of people"
@@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 20 40 q6ds figs-idiom 0 going here and there This is an idiom to represent being very busy and preoccupied. Alternate translation: "doing other things" or "doing this and that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 20 42 f7yg figs-metonymy 0 let go from your hand Here the word "hand" is metonymy for power. Alternate translation: "released" or "spared the life of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 20 42 m59l 0 your life will take the place of his life, and your people for his people "you will die in his place, and your people will die in the place of his people"
-1KI 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Kings 21 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
God hates oppression but is forgiving to people who are sorry for their sins. Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard to make into a garden for his palace, but Naboth refused to sell it. So the queen, Ahab's wife, told the civic leaders of Naboth's town to falsely accuse him and execute him. Elijah told Ahab that he would be killed in Naboth's vineyard and all his family destroyed. Ahab repented and showed he was very sorry for what he did, so God said it would not happen to Ahab himself but to his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
+1KI 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Kings 21 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
God hates oppression but is forgiving to people who are sorry for their sins. Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard to make into a garden for his palace, but Naboth refused to sell it. So the queen, Ahab's wife, told the civic leaders of Naboth's town to falsely accuse him and execute him. Elijah told Ahab that he would be killed in Naboth's vineyard and all his family destroyed. Ahab repented and showed he was very sorry for what he did, so God said it would not happen to Ahab himself but to his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1KI 21 1 j692 writing-newevent 0 Now some time later This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story and indicates that these events happened later, not that Naboth owned the vineyard later. If your language has a way marking the beginning of a new part of a story, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: "Now this is what happened later" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1KI 21 1 d4gf translate-names 0 Naboth the Jezreelite This is the name of a man from Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 21 1 pe6g figs-synecdoche 0 king of Samaria "Samaria" was the capital city of the kingdom of Israel and here represents the entire nation. Alternate translation: "king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 21 28 lq1t figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This idiom means that Yahweh spoke or has sent a message. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 21 29 hf8k figs-rquestion 0 Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me? God uses this question to show Elijah that Ahab's sorrow is genuine. Alternate translation: "I have seen how Ahab humbles himself before me." or "Look at how Ahab humbles himself before me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 21 29 cf9j 0 in his days ... in his son's day "during his lifetime ... during his son's lifetime"
-1KI 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Kings 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Ahab and a continuation of the story of Elijah as he had predicted Ahab's death and the dogs licking his blood.
### Special concepts in this chapter
When God has decided a person will die, then they cannot avoid death. Ahab persuaded Jehoshaphat, king of Judah to help him in a battle against the army of Aram. Ahab's false prophets all told him to go because he would be successful. But a randomly shot arrow hit him and he bled to death. They washed his chariot at the pool and the dogs licked up his blood, just as Elijah had said they would. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "However, the shrines were still not taken away. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense at the shrines."
At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+1KI 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Kings 22 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Ahab and a continuation of the story of Elijah as he had predicted Ahab's death and the dogs licking his blood.
## Special concepts in this chapter
When God has decided a person will die, then they cannot avoid death. Ahab persuaded Jehoshaphat, king of Judah to help him in a battle against the army of Aram. Ahab's false prophets all told him to go because he would be successful. But a randomly shot arrow hit him and he bled to death. They washed his chariot at the pool and the dogs licked up his blood, just as Elijah had said they would. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### "However, the shrines were still not taken away. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense at the shrines."
At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
1KI 22 1 hhf8 translate-numbers 0 Three years "3 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 22 2 d41e 0 it came about that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1KI 22 3 nn96 figs-rquestion 0 Do you know that Ramoth Gilead is ours, but that we are doing nothing to take it from the hand of the king of Aram? Ahab asks this question to emphasize that they should have already recaptured Ramoth Gilead. Alternate translation: "Ramoth Gilead is ours, but we have done nothing yet to take it from the hand of the king of Aram." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
diff --git a/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv b/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv
index b827284ab..df3197583 100644
--- a/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2KI front intro nv2v 0 # Introduction to 2 Kings
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 2 Kings
1. The prophets Elijah and Elisha (1:1-8:15)
- Elijah brings Yahweh's judgment onto King Ahaziah (1:1–18)
- Elijah goes to heaven and Elisha replaces him (2:1–25)
- Elisha defends the northern kingdom against Moab (3:1–27)
- Elisha performs various miracles (4:1–44)
- Elisha heals Naaman the Syrian (5:1–27)
- Elisha acts in time of war against Syria (6:1–7:20)
- Elisha's reputation and prophecy about Hazael (8:1–15)
1. The history of Judah and Israel from Kings Jehoram and Joram to the fall of Israel (8:16–17:41)
1. The history of Judah from King Hezekiah to the fall of Judah (18:1–25:30)
### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about?
These books are about what happened to the people of Israel, from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died.
In the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem ([2 Kings 22–23](../../2ki/22/01.md)). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked.
The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew. They were separated into two books when translated into Greek. Translators might choose more meaningful titles such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings."
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What is the purpose of 1 and 2 Kings?
These books were probably finished during the exile, after the Babylonians had destroyed the temple. They show how being faithful to Yahweh results in his blessing and prospering his people. Worshipping idols and not being faithful result in their being punished and destroyed.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly?
In the Bible, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. Indirectly addressing people in this way was intended to honor the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way. But a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position.
### What does the king "did what was right (or) evil in the eyes of Yahweh" mean?
The writer repeats this kind of expression throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Here "in the eyes of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh thinks about someone. If a king was faithful and obeyed the covenant, he did what was right according to Yahweh. If he was not faithful and disobeyed the covenant, he did what was evil according to Yahweh.
### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])
### What does the phrase "to this day" mean?
This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 2 Kings 2:22; 8:22; 10:27; 14:7; 16:6; 17:23, 34, 41.
### Can I translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings?
The Book of 1 Kings should be translated before 2 Kings, since 2 Kings continues from where 1 Kings ends.
-2KI 1 intro t6cl 0 # 2 Kings 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
2 Kings is a continuation of 1 Kings.
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's sovereignty
God is in control of the future. King Ahaziah sent messengers to ask the Philistine god if he would recover from his fall, but this god does not know the future. Because he asked another god instead of Yahweh, Elijah sent the messengers to tell Ahaziah that he would not recover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical question
Elijah rebuked the king with a rhetorical question: "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+2KI 1 intro t6cl 0 # 2 Kings 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
2 Kings is a continuation of 1 Kings.
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's sovereignty
God is in control of the future. King Ahaziah sent messengers to ask the Philistine god if he would recover from his fall, but this god does not know the future. Because he asked another god instead of Yahweh, Elijah sent the messengers to tell Ahaziah that he would not recover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical question
Elijah rebuked the king with a rhetorical question: "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 1 1 ip77 0 Moab rebelled "The people who lived in Moab rebelled"
2KI 1 2 qdg9 figs-explicit 0 the lattice in his upper chamber The upper room was built on the roof of the palace. The lattice was made of thin boards decoratively crossed over one another to form a balcony or window covering. Alternate translation: "the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 1 2 n4u5 translate-names 0 Baal-Zebub (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 1 17 sl2v 0 the word of Yahweh that Elijah had spoken "what Yahweh had told Elijah that Elijah had spoken"
2KI 1 17 s5cd figs-explicit 0 in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah This describes the time that Joram began to reign over Israel by stating how long Jehoram had been reigning over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "in the second year that Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2KI 1 18 emi5 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written ... Israel? This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they are written ... Israel." or "someone has written about them in ... Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2KI 2 intro i216 0 # 2 Kings 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story of Elijah and begins the story of Elisha.
### Special concepts in this chapter
Elisha replaces Elijah as the chief prophet of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
+2KI 2 intro i216 0 # 2 Kings 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story of Elijah and begins the story of Elisha.
## Special concepts in this chapter
Elisha replaces Elijah as the chief prophet of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2KI 2 1 u56u writing-newevent 0 So it came about "So it happened." This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2KI 2 1 pmc1 0 a whirlwind a strong wind that spins around and around
2KI 2 2 w2jb figs-simile 0 As Yahweh lives, and as you live "As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live." Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: "I solemnly promise you that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 2 23 y5ld figs-idiom 0 Go up The young boys wanted Elisha to go away from them and expressed this by saying "go up." Alternate translation: "Go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 2 23 gyr2 0 baldhead A bald person does not have any hair on their head. The young boys were mocking Elisha for having a bald head.
2KI 2 24 tzw2 translate-numbers 0 forty-two of the boys "42 of the boys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-2KI 3 intro k5ke 0 # 2 Kings 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elisha continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Victory and defeat
God is in control of victory and defeat. The armies of Israel, Judah and Edom united to attack Moab from the desert for failure to pay tribute. When they ran out of water, they were in desperate condition. Therefore, they asked Elisha (the prophet of God) what to do and he said God would give them water and victory over Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
They described Elisha with the idiom, "who poured water on the hands of Elijah," meaning "who served Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Anger
It is said that, "Anger came on Israel." It is not clear who was angry or why they were angry.
+2KI 3 intro k5ke 0 # 2 Kings 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Elisha continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Victory and defeat
God is in control of victory and defeat. The armies of Israel, Judah and Edom united to attack Moab from the desert for failure to pay tribute. When they ran out of water, they were in desperate condition. Therefore, they asked Elisha (the prophet of God) what to do and he said God would give them water and victory over Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Idiom
They described Elisha with the idiom, "who poured water on the hands of Elijah," meaning "who served Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Anger
It is said that, "Anger came on Israel." It is not clear who was angry or why they were angry.
2KI 3 1 hcb2 figs-explicit 0 in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah This describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: "in the eighteenth year that Jehoshaphat was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 3 1 t9pu translate-ordinal 0 the eighteenth year "year 18" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2KI 3 1 gh3r 0 Joram son of Ahab Sometimes this man is referred to as "Jehoram." This is not the same person as the man mentioned in [2 Kings 1:17](../01/17.md) named "Jehoram."
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 3 26 l1sy 0 break through "force their way through." There were many soldiers fighting on the battlefield which made it difficult to move though the crowd.
2KI 3 27 d4k7 figs-explicit 0 offered him as a burnt offering King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 3 27 izf1 figs-abstractnouns 0 So there was great anger against Israel Here the word "anger" can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: 1) The Moabite soldiers. Alternate translation: "So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel" or 2) God. Alternate translation: "So God was very angry with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-2KI 4 intro ma9j 0 # 2 Kings 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Widow
Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread.
+2KI 4 intro ma9j 0 # 2 Kings 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Widow
Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread.
2KI 4 1 x1ua figs-idiom 0 the sons of the prophets This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: "the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 4 1 iu5k 0 Your servant my husband "My husband, who was your servant"
2KI 4 1 s3r1 0 creditor person who lends other people money
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 4 43 l9rl figs-rquestion 0 What, should I set this before a hundred men? The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "That is not enough to feed a hundred men!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 4 43 tp2l translate-numbers 0 a hundred men "100 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 4 44 ra7w figs-metonymy 0 the word of Yahweh Here Yahweh is referred to by what he said. This phrase is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2KI 5 intro n1ty 0 # 2 Kings 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
+2KI 5 intro n1ty 0 # 2 Kings 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
2KI 5 1 t6rp figs-metonymy 0 in his master's view "sight." The king's "view" represents what he thinks about something. Alternate translation: "in the king's opinion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 5 1 pdy1 0 because by him Yahweh had given victory to Aram Here "Aram" refers to the Aramean army. Alternate translation: "because through Naaman, Yahweh had given victory to the Aramean army"
2KI 5 2 seh1 figs-synecdoche 0 The Arameans had gone out Here the "Arameans" refer to the Aramean soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 5 27 zy6v 0 the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants This speaks of Gehazi and his descendant getting leprosy as if Naaman's leprosy was taken from him and given to Gehazi. Alternate translation: "you and your descendants will have leprosy, just as Naaman had leprosy"
2KI 5 27 qcw4 figs-idiom 0 So Gehazi went out from his presence The phrase "his presence" refers to the area where Elisha could see him. This means that he left the room where Elisha was. Alternate translation: "When Gehazi left the room, he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 5 27 j8kw figs-simile 0 as white as snow Leprosy makes skin white. Here Gehazi's leprous skin is compared to the color of snow. Alternate translation: "with skin that was white like snow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-2KI 6 intro x6uv 0 # 2 Kings 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
==Impossible actions ==
Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that was sent to arrest him. When the king of Aram besieged the capital of Israel, the people became so hungry they started eating their children. Elisha told the king of Israel that there would be plenty of food the next day, but the king's counselor said it was impossible.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical question
The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
+2KI 6 intro x6uv 0 # 2 Kings 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
==Impossible actions ==
Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that was sent to arrest him. When the king of Aram besieged the capital of Israel, the people became so hungry they started eating their children. Elisha told the king of Israel that there would be plenty of food the next day, but the king's counselor said it was impossible.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical question
The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
2KI 6 1 u5ch figs-idiom 0 The sons of the prophets This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: "The group of prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 6 2 g72i figs-explicit 0 let us go to the Jordan This refers to the area by the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "let us go beside the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 6 3 hhg8 0 your servants Here one of the prophet refers to the of the sons of the prophets as Elisha's servants to show him honor.
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 6 33 q6nq 0 Behold "Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important"
2KI 6 33 hk72 0 this trouble "Indeed, this trouble." The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. The phrase "this trouble" refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused.
2KI 6 33 txv7 figs-explicit 0 Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?" or "I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-2KI 7 intro tr2p 0 # 2 Kings 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Fear
God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind.
+2KI 7 intro tr2p 0 # 2 Kings 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Fear
God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind.
2KI 7 1 tu65 figs-explicit 0 a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel It is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 7 1 cq3p translate-bvolume 0 a measure of fine flour ... two measures of barley Here the word "measure" translates the word "seah," which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: "7 liters of fine flour ... 14 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
2KI 7 1 y4hp translate-bmoney 0 a shekel A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: "about 11 grams of silver" or "one silver coin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 7 19 k7aj figs-rquestion 0 can this thing happen? The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. This question can be translated as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: "this could never happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 19 z799 figs-synecdoche 0 you will watch it happen with your own eyes The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: "you yourself will watch these things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 7 19 e8ni 0 but you will not eat any of it "but you will not eat any of the flour or barley"
-2KI 8 intro bje7 0 # 2 Kings 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Kings
Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+2KI 8 intro bje7 0 # 2 Kings 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The stories of of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Kings
Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
2KI 8 1 j132 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
2KI 8 1 uw76 0 the woman whose son he had restored to life The story of this woman and her son is found at [2 Kings 4:8](../04/08.md).
2KI 8 1 d8nn 0 he had restored to life "he had caused to become alive again"
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 8 29 e1qq figs-activepassive 0 to be healed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to heal" or "to recover" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 8 29 wi44 figs-synecdoche 0 against Hazael king of Aram Here "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. Alternate translation: "the army of Hazael king of Aram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 8 29 c1ui figs-activepassive 0 Joram had been wounded This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Arameans had wounded Joram" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2KI 9 intro eu4t 0 # 2 Kings 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The life of Elisha continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King Jehu
Elisha told a young prophet to go and tell Jehu that God had made him the new king. Jehu killed the kings of both Israel and Judah and Jezebel, the mother of the king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
+2KI 9 intro eu4t 0 # 2 Kings 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The life of Elisha continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### King Jehu
Elisha told a young prophet to go and tell Jehu that God had made him the new king. Jehu killed the kings of both Israel and Judah and Jezebel, the mother of the king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2KI 9 1 yn86 figs-idiom 0 the sons of the prophets This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: "the group of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 9 1 xc5s figs-synecdoche 0 in your hand The phrase "in your hand" refers to him taking the bottle with him. Alternate translation: "with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 9 1 u975 translate-names 0 Ramoth Gilead Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 9 37 kim4 figs-simile 0 the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields ... so that no one will be able to say This speaks of the pieces of Jezebel's body being scattered in the field as if they were dung spread in the field. Since the pieces of her body were so small and spread out there was nothing that could be collected and buried. Alternate translation: "the pieces of Jezebel's body will be scattered like dung in the fields ... so that no one will be able to recognize them and say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2KI 9 37 xj6d 0 dung manure, specifically dung used as a fertilizer
2KI 9 37 ayb5 0 so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel." "so that no one will be able to recognize her body." or "so no one will be able to tell this was Jezebel."
-2KI 10 intro abca 0 # 2 Kings 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
God's prophecy against the family of Ahab was fulfilled. Jehu killed all of Ahab's descendants and all the worshipers of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
+2KI 10 intro abca 0 # 2 Kings 10 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
God's prophecy against the family of Ahab was fulfilled. Jehu killed all of Ahab's descendants and all the worshipers of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
2KI 10 1 w4rf translate-numbers 0 seventy descendants "70 descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 10 1 bud2 figs-metonymy 0 Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria This means that Jehu sent a messenger to deliver the letters. Alternate translation: "Jehu wrote letters and sent a messenger to deliver them in Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 10 3 fdt6 figs-metonymy 0 set him on his father's throne Here, sitting on the king's throne means to be appointed as king. Alternate translation: "make him king in his father's place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 10 35 g2qi translate-names 0 Jehoahaz This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 10 36 m23h 0 The time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty-eight years "Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-eight years"
2KI 10 36 e9ns translate-numbers 0 twenty-eight years "28 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-2KI 11 intro abcb 0 # 2 Kings 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the beginning of the story of the spiritual revival in Judah under Joash. The people returned to properly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Athaliah's evil actions
The mother of the king of Judah, Athaliah, killed all the royal children so that she could rule. She was not able to kill the baby Joash because his aunt hid him in the temple. When Joash was seven years old, the chief priest conspired with the army and made Joash king. They killed Athaliah and destroyed the temple of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+2KI 11 intro abcb 0 # 2 Kings 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is the beginning of the story of the spiritual revival in Judah under Joash. The people returned to properly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Athaliah's evil actions
The mother of the king of Judah, Athaliah, killed all the royal children so that she could rule. She was not able to kill the baby Joash because his aunt hid him in the temple. When Joash was seven years old, the chief priest conspired with the army and made Joash king. They killed Athaliah and destroyed the temple of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
2KI 11 1 q8ru translate-names 0 Athaliah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 11 1 ed43 0 saw that her son was dead "became aware that her son was dead"
2KI 11 1 vmz8 figs-explicit 0 she arose and killed all the royal children Athaliah did not personally kill the children. Alternate translation: "she commanded her servants to kill all the members of Ahaziah's family who might become king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 11 20 hz2a figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of the land rejoiced This is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. Alternate translation: "many people in the land rejoiced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 11 20 y27g 0 the city was quiet "the city was calm" or "the city was peaceful"
2KI 11 21 pit8 translate-numbers 0 Joash was seven years old "Joash was 7 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-2KI 12 intro abcc 0 # 2 Kings 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the end of the story of the revival in Judah under Joash.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Temple
Joash repaired the temple. In many ways, the temple represents the relationship between the people and Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+2KI 12 intro abcc 0 # 2 Kings 12 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is the end of the story of the revival in Judah under Joash.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Temple
Joash repaired the temple. In many ways, the temple represents the relationship between the people and Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
2KI 12 1 ze1f translate-numbers 0 In the seventh year of Jehu "During year 7 of the reign of Jehu over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 12 1 d8af 0 the reign of Joash began "Joash began to reign over Judah"
2KI 12 1 rhb3 translate-names 0 Zibiah This was the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 12 21 a67i translate-names 0 Jozabad ... Shimeath ... Jehozabad ... Shomer ... Amaziah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 12 21 c8xh 0 with his ancestors "in the place where his ancestors were buried"
2KI 12 21 jic7 0 became king in his place "became the next king of Judah"
-2KI 13 intro abcd 0 # 2 Kings 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the last chapter about Elisha.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Elisha's death
The king of Israel is upset when Elisha is dying. Elisha assures him that he will have three victories over Aram.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The king compares the protection that Elisha had given Israel to "The chariot of Israel and the horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+2KI 13 intro abcd 0 # 2 Kings 13 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the last chapter about Elisha.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Elisha's death
The king of Israel is upset when Elisha is dying. Elisha assures him that he will have three victories over Aram.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
The king compares the protection that Elisha had given Israel to "The chariot of Israel and the horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 13 1 x3b7 translate-numbers 0 In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah "After Joash had been ruling Judah for almost 23 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 13 1 k11v 0 reign over Israel in Samaria "rule over the kingdom of Israel located in Samaria"
2KI 13 1 sr5w 0 he reigned seventeen years "Jehoahaz was king for 17 years"
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 13 25 kwm4 translate-names 0 Jehoash ... Jehoahaz These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 13 25 zz2a figs-synecdoche 0 Jehoash attacked him three times Here "Jehoash" and "him" refer to the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: "Jehoash's army attacked Ben Hadad's army three times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 13 25 v9pk 0 he recovered those cities of Israel "Jehoash took back control of the Israelite cities that Ben Hadad had captured"
-2KI 14 intro abce 0 # 2 Kings 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The text begins to alternate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah again.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pride
Pride in one's success can make a person attempt and fail at something else. Amaziah defeated Edom so he wanted to fight Israel. But Israel defeated him and thoroughly humiliated him.
+2KI 14 intro abce 0 # 2 Kings 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The text begins to alternate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah again.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pride
Pride in one's success can make a person attempt and fail at something else. Amaziah defeated Edom so he wanted to fight Israel. But Israel defeated him and thoroughly humiliated him.
2KI 14 1 bnk5 0 In the second year of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel "When Jehoash son of Jehoahaz had been king of Israel for almost two years"
2KI 14 1 nnl6 0 Amaziah son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reign "Amaziah son of Joash, became the king of Judah"
2KI 14 2 s314 translate-numbers 0 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign "He was 25 years old when he became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 14 27 tjk3 figs-metonymy 0 he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Jehoash Here "hand" is a metonym for power. Also, "Jehoash" is a synecdoche representing Jehoash and his army. Alternate translation: "he enabled King Jeroboam and his army to rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 14 28 ka1r figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: "they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 14 29 eq5q figs-euphemism 0 Jeroboam slept with his ancestors, with the kings of Israel This is a polite way to say that he died and was buried. Alternate translation: "Jeroboam died, and was buried where the other kings of Israel were buried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-2KI 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Kings 15 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel's evil
Israel assassinated one king after another. The Assyrians began attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+2KI 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Kings 15 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Israel's evil
Israel assassinated one king after another. The Assyrians began attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
2KI 15 1 e5x2 figs-explicit 0 In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam It can be stated clearly that this is the twenty-seventh year of his reign. Alternate translation: "In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 15 1 kyq4 0 Azariah This king is better known today by the name "Uzziah."
2KI 15 2 ric2 translate-names 0 Jekoliah This is the name of Azariah's mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 15 37 sx2e translate-names 0 Pekah ... Remaliah These are men's names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](../15/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 15 38 nar5 figs-metaphor 0 Jotham slept with his ancestors Sleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: "Jotham died as his ancestors had" or "Like his ancestors, Jotham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2KI 15 38 qj1b figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "became king instead of Jotham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI 16 intro abcg 0 # 2 Kings 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ahaz
Ahaz was a wicked king. Israel and Aram united to fight against him, so he paid the Assyrian king to attack Aram. Assyria defeated the people of Aram and took them into captivity. The people were to trust in Yahweh and not rely on military alliances with other Gentile nations. This showed a lack of trust in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+2KI 16 intro abcg 0 # 2 Kings 16 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Ahaz
Ahaz was a wicked king. Israel and Aram united to fight against him, so he paid the Assyrian king to attack Aram. Assyria defeated the people of Aram and took them into captivity. The people were to trust in Yahweh and not rely on military alliances with other Gentile nations. This showed a lack of trust in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2KI 16 1 x9n9 figs-explicit 0 In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of Remaliah It can be stated clearly that this is the seventeenth year of his reign. Alternate translation: "In year 17 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 16 1 ja6f translate-names 0 Pekah ... Remaliah These are men's names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:25](../15/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 16 2 rm3i figs-metaphor 0 what was right in the eyes of Yahweh his God The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "what was right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh his God considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 16 20 c5rk figs-metaphor 0 Ahaz slept with his ancestors Sleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: "Ahaz died as his ancestors had" or "like his ancestors, Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2KI 16 20 wbc9 figs-activepassive 0 was buried with his ancestors This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people buried him with his ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 16 20 y1p2 figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "became king instead of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI 17 intro abch 0 # 2 Kings 17 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story about the kingdom of Israel and continues with Judah alone.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Idol worship
Israel continued to worship idols, so God punished them by allowing Assyria to conquer them and take them away. Assyria brought people from other lands and settled them in what used to be Israel's territory and the new people worshiped their own gods in addition to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+2KI 17 intro abch 0 # 2 Kings 17 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story about the kingdom of Israel and continues with Judah alone.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Idol worship
Israel continued to worship idols, so God punished them by allowing Assyria to conquer them and take them away. Assyria brought people from other lands and settled them in what used to be Israel's territory and the new people worshiped their own gods in addition to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2KI 17 1 jz6k 0 Hoshea son of Elah Hoshea became the king of the northern kingdom of Israel.
2KI 17 1 b3fa translate-names 0 Elah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 17 1 y37g translate-names 0 He ruled in Samaria Samaria was the capital city of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 17 40 j2h1 figs-metaphor 0 They would not listen "Listen" here is a metaphor for paying attention and acting on the command. Alternate translation: "They did not obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 41 ne8y 0 these nations feared Yahweh These nations feared Yahweh only to the point of appeasing him the same way they treated their own gods.
2KI 17 41 zh69 0 up to this day "and have continued ever since." The phrase "this day" refers to the time period in which the writer lived.
-2KI 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Kings 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of Hezekiah, one of the great kings of Judah (2 Kings 18 – 20). Because he was so important, there is more space dedicated to the history of his reign.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust in Yahweh
Hezekiah trusted and obeyed God. He stopped paying tribute to Assyria so the Assyrians invaded Judah. The Assyrian king told the people of Judah that resistance was useless. Despite this, Hezekiah trusted in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+2KI 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Kings 18 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of Hezekiah, one of the great kings of Judah (2 Kings 18 – 20). Because he was so important, there is more space dedicated to the history of his reign.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust in Yahweh
Hezekiah trusted and obeyed God. He stopped paying tribute to Assyria so the Assyrians invaded Judah. The Assyrian king told the people of Judah that resistance was useless. Despite this, Hezekiah trusted in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2KI 18 1 an23 0 General Information: Hezekiah becomes king over Judah in place of his father King Ahaz.
2KI 18 1 b49b translate-names 0 Hoshea ... Elah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 2 u8q8 translate-names 0 Zechariah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 18 37 ve84 0 who was over the household "who managed the king's palace"
2KI 18 37 ew4c 0 the recorder "the history keeper"
2KI 18 37 k5bu 0 chief commander and is the translation of the Hebrew; some see this as a personal name, "Rabshakeh"
-2KI 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Kings 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's power
God is in control of everything. God caused the Assyrian king to fail in conquering Jerusalem because he mocked God.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
"The virgin daughter of Zion" here is an idiom meaning the people of Jerusalem. "The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn" means that "the people of Jerusalem know that Assyria will fail because they have mocked God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+2KI 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Kings 19 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's power
God is in control of everything. God caused the Assyrian king to fail in conquering Jerusalem because he mocked God.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Idiom
"The virgin daughter of Zion" here is an idiom meaning the people of Jerusalem. "The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn" means that "the people of Jerusalem know that Assyria will fail because they have mocked God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 19 1 kae1 0 house of Yahweh This is another way of saying "temple of Yahweh."
2KI 19 2 aw2h translate-names 0 Eliakim ... Shebna ... Isaiah ... Amoz These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 19 2 vdb3 0 He sent Eliakim "Hezekiah sent Eliakim"
@@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 19 35 g563 translate-numbers 0 185,000 soldiers "one hundred eighty-five thousand soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 19 35 d5f2 0 When the men arose "When the men who were left alive got up"
2KI 19 37 txi6 translate-names 0 Adrammelek ... Sharezer ... Esarhaddon These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-2KI 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Kings 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter finishes the story of Hezekiah.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Hezekiah's additional time
God hears the distressed call of his faithful believers. Hezekiah was dying but when he prayed, God gave him 15 more years of life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
+2KI 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Kings 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter finishes the story of Hezekiah.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Hezekiah's additional time
God hears the distressed call of his faithful believers. Hezekiah was dying but when he prayed, God gave him 15 more years of life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
2KI 20 1 dhm5 figs-metonymy 0 Set your house in order "House" is metonymy for what was under Hezekiah's control. Alternate translation: "Give final instructions to your household and government" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 20 3 y2ay figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is a common way of speaking, an idiom, urging Yahweh to remember. Alternate translation: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 20 3 vts1 figs-idiom 0 walked This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "lived my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 20 20 fgv7 0 pool A small area of still water for storage
2KI 20 20 xm9s 0 conduit A tunnel for carrying the water
2KI 20 20 v69i figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: "they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-2KI 21 intro abcl 0 # 2 Kings 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's judgment
God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Simile
"I will wipe Jerusalem clean, as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down" means "God would completely destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+2KI 21 intro abcl 0 # 2 Kings 21 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's judgment
God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Simile
"I will wipe Jerusalem clean, as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down" means "God would completely destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2KI 21 1 cuc4 translate-names 0 Hephzibah The mother of King Manasseh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 21 2 k3ux figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 21 2 qx6p 0 like the disgusting things Another possible meaning is "including the disgusting things."
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 21 24 nj33 0 conspired against "made plans and worked together to harm." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:23](../21/23.md).
2KI 21 25 zcb6 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written ... Judah? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: "they are written ... Judah." or "you can find them ... Judah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 21 26 zpi6 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are 1) "the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza" or 2) "Uzza Garden." See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-2KI 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Kings 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The law
The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah's lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
+2KI 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Kings 22 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The law
The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah's lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2KI 22 1 gp47 translate-numbers 0 thirty-one years "31 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 22 1 ne6n translate-names 0 Jedidah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 22 1 wgp7 translate-names 0 Adaiah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 22 20 qgs2 figs-metonymy 0 Your eyes will not see Here "will not see" represents not experiencing something. Alternate translation: "You will not experience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 22 20 mc6n figs-synecdoche 0 Your eyes Here "eyes" represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 22 20 j2cn figs-metaphor 0 the disaster that I will bring upon this place Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that Yahweh would bring to a place. Alternate translation: "the terrible things I will cause to happen in this place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI 23 intro abcn 0 # 2 Kings 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Josiah ends in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ending idolatry
Josiah destroyed idolatry in Judah and in the deserted areas of Israel. But he fought against Egypt and was killed in battle. After his death, Egypt set up a government of Judah that it controlled.
+2KI 23 intro abcn 0 # 2 Kings 23 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Josiah ends in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Ending idolatry
Josiah destroyed idolatry in Judah and in the deserted areas of Israel. But he fought against Egypt and was killed in battle. After his death, Egypt set up a government of Judah that it controlled.
2KI 23 2 yx5s figs-hyperbole 0 all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem This is a generalization. Alternate translation: "many other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 23 2 bw8g figs-merism 0 from small to great This merism includes everyone in between. Alternate translation: "from the least important to the most important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2KI 23 2 k1ai 0 He then read in their hearing "Then the king read aloud so that they could hear"
@@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 23 36 gz76 translate-names 0 Pedaiah This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 23 36 j958 translate-names 0 Rumah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 23 37 b992 figs-metaphor 0 did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Kings 24 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
These last two chapters are the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's punishment
God punished Judah because of their sin. The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and carry away all the craftsmen, soldiers and wealthy. They make Zedekiah the king. He was not truly a king because he lacked absolute authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
+2KI 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Kings 24 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
These last two chapters are the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's punishment
God punished Judah because of their sin. The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and carry away all the craftsmen, soldiers and wealthy. They make Zedekiah the king. He was not truly a king because he lacked absolute authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2KI 24 1 n2cj 0 In Jehoiakim's days "During the time that Jehoiakim ruled Judah"
2KI 24 1 wre8 figs-explicit 0 attacked Judah You may need to make explicit what happened after Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah. Alternate translation: "attacked and defeated Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 24 2 bf6x figs-activepassive 0 This was in conformity with the word of Yahweh that had been spoken through his servants the prophets This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "This was according to the word of Yahweh that his servants the prophets had spoken" or "This was exactly what Yahweh had told his servants the prophets to say would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 24 18 zy1q translate-names 0 Jeremiah This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 24 18 fxr8 translate-names 0 Libnah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 24 19 wr7q figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI 25 intro abcp 0 # 2 Kings 25 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Zedekiah's revolt
Zedekiah revolted against the Babylonians, so they came and completely destroyed Jerusalem. They tore down the city walls and took the rest of the people to Babylon as slaves, except the very poorest people remained.
+2KI 25 intro abcp 0 # 2 Kings 25 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Zedekiah's revolt
Zedekiah revolted against the Babylonians, so they came and completely destroyed Jerusalem. They tore down the city walls and took the rest of the people to Babylon as slaves, except the very poorest people remained.
2KI 25 1 pl4l translate-ordinal 0 in the ninth year (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2KI 25 1 j1c4 translate-ordinal 0 in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of December on Western calendars. This is during the cold season when there may be rain and snow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2KI 25 1 ty29 figs-metonymy 0 came with all his army against Jerusalem The name "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: "came with his whole army to fight against the people of Jerusalem" or "came with his whole army to conquer Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
diff --git a/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv b/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv
index cdfeb9ab8..8c1593bf1 100644
--- a/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
1CH front intro fa9l 0 # Introduction to 1 Chronicles
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 1 Chronicles
1. Lists of descendants (1:1-9:44)
- From Adam to Jacob (1:1–2:2)
- Jacob's descendants (2:2–9:44)
1. Saul dies and David begins to reign (10:1-29:30)
- Saul dies (10:1–14)
- David captures Jerusalem (11:1-9)
- David's mighty men (11:10–12:40)
- David prospers (13:1–22:1)
- David prepares for Solomon to build the temple (22:2–29:30)
### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles about?
The Book of 1 Chronicles retells the line of descendants from Adam to Saul. It then gives the history of Israel during the time of David. The Book of 2 Chronicles gives the history of Israel beginning with Solomon. It ends when the Babylonian army attacks Judah and takes some of the people to Babylon. The writers of Chronicles probably wrote these books for the Jews who returned from exile in Babylon. The purpose was to teach the people to avoid disobeying God as their ancestors did.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators can use the traditional title "1 Chronicles" or "First Chronicles." You may also call this book "The Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel, Book 1" or "The First Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel."
### Who wrote 1 and 2 Chronicles?
The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles are unknown. They mention that they used other books when writing Chronicles. The names of these other books are "The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer," "The Chronicles of Nathan the Seer," "The Chronicles of Gad the Seer," "The History of Nathan the Prophet," "The Chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and Iddo," "The Story of the Prophet Iddo" and "The books of the kings of Judah and Israel."
### Why are there multiple books that give the history of the kings of Israel?
The books of Chronicles and the books of Kings tell much of the same history, but they are not exactly the same. The writers of Chronicles wrote mostly about the kings of Judah who were faithful to Yahweh and his covenant. The writers wanted the Jews to think carefully about David and Solomon. They also wanted the Jews to think about how Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah caused their ancestors to repent and to worship Yahweh. The writers wanted to encourage the Jews and their leaders to obey the law and to honor God's covenant with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Why did God punish the people of Israel?
God punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped false gods. God punished them with disease, disasters, and defeat in battle. However, God forgave them and caused them to prosper again if they repented and obeyed him. The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles continually reminded the readers that God punished his people because they disobeyed. They wanted the readers to understand that they must obey God.
### Why are alliances with foreign countries seen as evil in these books?
Yahweh led and protected the nation of Israel. The people of Israel should have trusted him instead of relying on other nations to protect them.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah.
### What does it mean to "seek God"?
The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles often wrote about "seeking God." To "seek God" means to make an effort to please and honor God. It can also mean to ask God for help. It does not imply that God is hidden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### What does the phrase "to this day" mean?
The writers used the phrase "to this day" to refer to the time when they were writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25.
-1CH 1 intro wqm8 0 # 1 Chronicles 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives the genealogies of Abraham, Esau and the early kings of Edom.
+1CH 1 intro wqm8 0 # 1 Chronicles 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter gives the genealogies of Abraham, Esau and the early kings of Edom.
1CH 1 1 qvq6 translate-names 0 Adam ... Seth ... Enosh These are all names of men. Each man was the father or ancestor of the next man in the list. If your language has a specific way to mark this kind of list, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 1 2 mh4h translate-names 0 Kenan ... Mahalalel ... Jared These are all names of men. Each man was the father or ancestor of the next man in the list. If your language has a specific way to mark this kind of list, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 1 3 x77a translate-names 0 Enoch ... Methuselah ... Lamech These are all names of men. Each man was the father or ancestor of the next man in the list. If your language has a specific way to mark this kind of list, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 1 53 ft8b translate-names 0 Kenaz ... Teman ... Mibzar These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 1 54 ngb5 translate-names 0 Magdiel ... Iram These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 1 54 w9ln translate-names 0 Edom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 2 intro ix6r 0 # 1 Chronicles 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Judah, son of Jacob.
+1CH 2 intro ix6r 0 # 1 Chronicles 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Judah, son of Jacob.
1CH 2 1 lm7q translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 2 2 l5ef translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 2 3 p67t translate-names 0 Er ... Onan ... Shelah ... Shua ... Judah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 2 55 hrk8 translate-names 0 Tirathites ... Shimeathites ... Sucathites ... Kenites These are names of clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 2 55 dsa5 0 the Kenites who came from Hammath "the Kenites who descended from Hamath”
1CH 2 55 z9wj translate-names 0 Hammath ... Rekab These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 3 intro f3pg 0 # 1 Chronicles 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of King David.
+1CH 3 intro f3pg 0 # 1 Chronicles 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of King David.
1CH 3 1 n4fh 0 David David was a son of Jesse, who was a descendant of Judah ([1 Chronicles 2:15](../02/15.md)).
1CH 3 1 h2yg translate-names 0 Ahinoam ... Abigail These are the names of women who were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 3 1 q1dn 0 Daniel This man has the same name as an Israelite prophet but is a different person.
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 3 22 wn1j translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 3 23 yi1a translate-names 0 General Information: These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 3 24 j188 translate-names 0 General Information: These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 4 intro dq4h 0 # 1 Chronicles 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the other descendants of Judah.
+1CH 4 intro dq4h 0 # 1 Chronicles 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the other descendants of Judah.
1CH 4 1 w6gl translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 2 p39w translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names in this list except the Zorathites are the names of men. Zorathites is the name of a people group who took their name from the town of Zorah where they lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 3 v5yg translate-names 0 Jezreel ... Ishma ... Idbash These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 4 43 i11u 0 the rest of the Amalekite refugees "the remaining Amalekite refugees"
1CH 4 43 k9d1 0 refugees people who are forced to leave their home country
1CH 4 43 nrm3 0 to this day "from then until now." This refers to the day when the author was writing this account.
-1CH 5 intro q55k 0 # 1 Chronicles 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Jacob's sons who lived east of the Jordan River: Reuben, Gad and Manasseh.
+1CH 5 intro q55k 0 # 1 Chronicles 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Jacob's sons who lived east of the Jordan River: Reuben, Gad and Manasseh.
1CH 5 1 kd1d writing-background 0 now Reuben The word "now" is used here to mark the change from the lists of descendants to background information about Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1CH 5 1 p3es figs-activepassive 0 but his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but Israel gave Reuben's birthright to the sons of Joseph, another of Israel's sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 5 1 lbr7 figs-euphemism 0 Reuben had defiled his father's couch This is a polite way to speak about Reuben sleeping with his father's secondary wife. The couch is the place where a man and his wife would have slept together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 5 26 gxm9 translate-names 0 Halah ... Habor ... Hara These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 5 26 f4rf translate-names 0 Gozan This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 5 26 hz4s 0 to this day See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 4:43](../04/43.md)
-1CH 6 intro cb7a 0 # 1 Chronicles 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Levi.
+1CH 6 intro cb7a 0 # 1 Chronicles 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Levi.
1CH 6 1 cs3c translate-names 0 Gershon ... Kohath ... Merari These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 6 2 rcj5 translate-names 0 Kohath ... Amram ... Izhar ... Hebron ... Uzziel These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 6 3 bpp5 translate-names 0 Amram ... Nadab ... Abihu ... Eleazar ... Ithamar These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 6 80 d6jk translate-names 0 Ramoth ... Mahanaim These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 6 80 gx7f 0 its pasturelands the land with grass for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 5:16](../05/16.md).
1CH 6 81 f9ky translate-names 0 Heshbon ... Jazer These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 7 intro kd8b 0 # 1 Chronicles 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Issachar, Benjamin, Ephraim, Asher, and Manasseh living west of the Jordan River.
+1CH 7 intro kd8b 0 # 1 Chronicles 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Issachar, Benjamin, Ephraim, Asher, and Manasseh living west of the Jordan River.
1CH 7 1 njl6 translate-names 0 Issachar ... Tola, Puah, Jashub ... Shimron These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 7 2 pz27 translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 7 2 hd81 0 heads of their fathers' houses The words "father's houses" refers to extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans."
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 7 40 d65u 0 fathers' houses extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"
1CH 7 40 t3ep 0 distinguished men "important men"
1CH 7 40 e5yi translate-numbers 0 There were twenty-six thousand men listed who were fit for military service, according to their numbered lists "According to the clan records, there were 26,000 men who were able to serve in the military" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-1CH 8 intro a4bn 0 # 1 Chronicles 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the genealogy of Saul's family.
+1CH 8 intro a4bn 0 # 1 Chronicles 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the genealogy of Saul's family.
1CH 8 1 p5r1 translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 8 2 wp4y translate-names 0 Nohah ... Rapha These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 8 3 gg1f translate-names 0 Bela ... Addar, Gera, Abihud These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 8 39 h9lx translate-ordinal 0 Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third "Jeush, who was born after Ulam, and Eliphelet, who was born after Jeush" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1CH 8 40 mp4f translate-names 0 Ulam This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 8 40 s4sc translate-numbers 0 many sons and grandsons, a total of 150 "a total of one hundred fifty sons and grandsons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-1CH 9 intro awe1 0 # 1 Chronicles 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the genealogy of the people who returned to Jerusalem after the exile and the family of Saul.
+1CH 9 intro awe1 0 # 1 Chronicles 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the genealogy of the people who returned to Jerusalem after the exile and the family of Saul.
1CH 9 1 yxr5 figs-activepassive 0 all Israel was recorded in genealogies This can be translated in active form. The reader should understand that the people who wrote the genealogies included the names of the people who had already died. Alternate translation: "The Israelites recorded all of themselves in genealogies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 9 1 d39v 0 genealogies family records that name ancestors and descendants
1CH 9 1 s5jc figs-activepassive 0 They were recorded in the book ... Israel This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "They wrote the names in the book ... Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 9 42 n1j7 translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 9 43 r6ya translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 9 44 tv24 translate-names 0 General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 10 intro abca 0 # 1 Chronicles 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The death of Saul
Saul died because he disobeyed God.
+1CH 10 intro abca 0 # 1 Chronicles 10 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The death of Saul
Saul died because he disobeyed God.
1CH 10 1 ws2j figs-explicit 0 Every man of Israel fled from before the Philistines and fell down dead on Mount Gilboa It is implied that these men were Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: "The whole army of Israel ran away from the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CH 10 1 fcs6 figs-hyperbole 0 Every man of Israel ... fell down dead This is probably a generalization. It seems that while all the soldiers did run away, not all of them died. Alternate translation: "Every man of Israel ... most of them died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CH 10 2 yet5 translate-names 0 Abinadab ... Malki-Shua See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 10 14 mkp9 0 Connecting Statement: Verses 13 and 14 give a summary of why Saul died. If your language has a way of showing that this is not part of the story line, you could use it here.
1CH 10 14 abd5 0 did not seek guidance from Yahweh "did not ask Yahweh to guide him"
1CH 10 14 cy4v figs-idiom 0 turned over the kingdom to David son of Jesse Here "turned over the kingdom" is an idiom that means to give someone authority over a kingdom. Alternate translation: "made David, son of Jesse, king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1CH 11 intro abcb 0 # 1 Chronicles 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of David begins here and continues throughout the remainder of this book.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King David the military leader
David was made the king of all Israel and was the leader of their army. He conquered Jerusalem and strengthened its defenses. He had many brave men in his army that did great deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
+1CH 11 intro abcb 0 # 1 Chronicles 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of David begins here and continues throughout the remainder of this book.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### King David the military leader
David was made the king of all Israel and was the leader of their army. He conquered Jerusalem and strengthened its defenses. He had many brave men in his army that did great deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
1CH 11 1 s7nb figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel came to David This is a generalization that means people from every tribe in Israel came to David, but not every individual. Alternate translation: "people from throughout Israel came to David" or "people from every tribe in Israel came to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CH 11 1 anu1 figs-idiom 0 we are your flesh and bone This idiom means that they are relatives. Alternate translation: "we are your relatives" or "we have the same ancestors as you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 11 2 es5t writing-background 0 In the recent past This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 11 45 eec9 translate-names 0 This concludes the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 11 46 wbw5 translate-names 0 This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 11 47 kg9q translate-names 0 This ends the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 12 intro abcc 0 # 1 Chronicles 12 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### "[They] could use both the right hand and the left"
These soldiers were very skilled. They were able to fight with either hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
#### King David
This chapter records all those who supported David as king over Saul. The extent of this record shows that there was nearly universal support for David.
+1CH 12 intro abcc 0 # 1 Chronicles 12 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### "[They] could use both the right hand and the left"
These soldiers were very skilled. They were able to fight with either hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
### King David
This chapter records all those who supported David as king over Saul. The extent of this record shows that there was nearly universal support for David.
1CH 12 1 d1cb figs-activepassive 0 while he was still banished from the presence of This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "during the time when he could not be in the presence of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 12 2 c47x 0 could use both the right hand and the left in slinging stones and in shooting arrows "could use either their right hands or their left hands to sling stones and shoot arrows"
1CH 12 2 vl3q 0 slinging stones The sling was a strip of leather that a person would use to throw a stone long distances.
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 12 39 v2h7 0 They were there with David "These soldiers were there with David"
1CH 12 39 ezv1 translate-numbers 0 three days "3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 40 av3z figs-synecdoche 0 Israel was celebrating The word "Israel" represents the people who make up the nation. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel were celebrating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-1CH 13 intro abcd 0 # 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ark of the covenant
David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
+1CH 13 intro abcd 0 # 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Ark of the covenant
David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1CH 13 1 ba28 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 13 2 b7bp figs-explicit 0 all the assembly of Israel This refers to all of the Israelites who were assembled in this place. Alternate translation: "all of the Israelites who were assembled there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CH 13 2 ie4x figs-idiom 0 if this comes from Yahweh our God This idiom means that this action is something that Yahweh approves. Alternate translation: "if this is something that Yahweh our God approves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 13 14 a576 0 in Obed Edom's household in his house "with Obed Edom's family in his house"
1CH 13 14 v7sp translate-numbers 0 three months "3 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 13 14 t1je figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh blessed his house Here the word "house" is a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: "Yahweh blessed his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1CH 14 intro abce 0 # 1 Chronicles 14 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
David asked for help from God and because of this, God enabled him to defeat the Philistines when they tried to capture him.
+1CH 14 intro abce 0 # 1 Chronicles 14 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
David asked for help from God and because of this, God enabled him to defeat the Philistines when they tried to capture him.
1CH 14 1 cbx4 translate-names 0 Hiram This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 14 1 fm3f 0 carpenters people who make things with wood
1CH 14 1 d13q 0 masons people make things with stone or brick
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 14 15 y5kt figs-metaphor 0 When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: "When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CH 14 16 pwb6 translate-names 0 Gezer This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 14 17 jy1f figs-personification 0 David's fame went out into all lands People in every land hearing of David's reputation is spoken of as if David's fame traveled to those lands. Alternate translation: "People far away heard about David's fame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-1CH 15 intro abcf 0 # 1 Chronicles 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapters 15 and 16 explain how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
+1CH 15 intro abcf 0 # 1 Chronicles 15 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapters 15 and 16 explain how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
1CH 15 1 bu8k figs-metonymy 0 David built houses for himself ... He prepared It might be best to translate this so that the reader understands that David had other people do this for him. Alternate translation: "David had workers build houses for him ... He had them prepare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 15 2 n56n figs-activepassive 0 they had been chosen by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh had chosen them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 15 3 ew5y figs-hyperbole 0 David assembled all Israel at Jerusalem Here the word "all" is a generalization. The phrase "all Israel" means that David assembled people from all over Israel, not that he assembled every person in Israel. Alternate translation: "David assembled at Jerusalem people from all over Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 15 29 hd59 0 as the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came to the city of David "as the people brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh to the city of David"
1CH 15 29 vj56 translate-names 0 Michal This is the name of David's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 15 29 miz6 figs-metonymy 0 she despised him in her heart Here "heart" represents thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: "she despised him" or "she hated him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1CH 16 intro abcg 0 # 1 Chronicles 16 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapters 15 and 16 tell how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 16:8-36.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's psalm
As David organized the priests in their work in the tent, he wrote a psalm of praise to Yahweh.
+1CH 16 intro abcg 0 # 1 Chronicles 16 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapters 15 and 16 tell how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 16:8-36.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### David's psalm
As David organized the priests in their work in the tent, he wrote a psalm of praise to Yahweh.
1CH 16 1 p8df 0 General Information: The word "they" in these verses refers to the priests and Levites.
1CH 16 1 p6yr 0 before God "to God"
1CH 16 2 jb7f figs-metonymy 0 When David had finished sacrificing the burnt offering and the fellowship offerings This is a metonym for David directing the priests, who performed the actual sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 16 41 dc3e translate-names 0 Heman ... Jeduthun These were names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 16 42 tp6u translate-unknown 0 cymbals These are two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CH 16 42 aw82 figs-explicit 0 guarded the gate The implied information is that they were to guard the entrance to the tabernacle. Alternate translation: "guarded the tabernacle gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1CH 17 intro abch 0 # 1 Chronicles 17 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Building the temple
David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
+1CH 17 intro abch 0 # 1 Chronicles 17 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Building the temple
David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
1CH 17 1 h1g5 writing-newevent 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1CH 17 1 p2as 0 settled comfortable and happy, without the desire to move or change
1CH 17 1 fbn8 figs-explicit 0 I am living in a house of cedar Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate translation: "I am living in a strong, permanent house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 17 27 qhn5 figs-123person 0 your servant's house David speaks of himself in the third person. This can be expressed in the first person. Alternate translation: "my house" or "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1CH 17 27 ip6n figs-parallelism 0 You, Yahweh, have blessed it, and it will be blessed forever These two phrases have about the same meaning and are repeated here for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CH 17 27 b2st figs-activepassive 0 it will be blessed forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will continue to bless it forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1CH 18 intro abci 0 # 1 Chronicles 18 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's victories
David conquered all kingdoms neighboring Israel. The gold, silver and bronze he received from these victories, he saved for building the temple. This may indicate that he believed that the victories were because of Yahweh and therefore the goods received in victory belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+1CH 18 intro abci 0 # 1 Chronicles 18 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### David's victories
David conquered all kingdoms neighboring Israel. The gold, silver and bronze he received from these victories, he saved for building the temple. This may indicate that he believed that the victories were because of Yahweh and therefore the goods received in victory belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
1CH 18 1 d4bc 0 After this "After God's promise to bless David"
1CH 18 1 rze7 0 it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1CH 18 3 il58 figs-metonymy 0 David then defeated Hadadezer Here David and Hadadezer are spoken of as if they were alone, but the reader should understand that these kings represent their armies that were with them. Alternate translation: "David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 18 16 iz88 0 Ahimelech This spelling represents a correction of the spelling "Abimelech," which some versions follow. The corrected spelling makes this verse agree with [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
1CH 18 17 x55d translate-names 0 Benaiah ... Jehoiada These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 18 17 gp59 translate-names 0 Kerethites ... Pelethites These are the names of foreign people groups who became David's bodyguards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 19 intro abcj 0 # 1 Chronicles 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the story about the war against the Ammonites. This story continues in the first part of the next chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Insults
The young king of Ammon insulted David when he had David's servants shaved and cut off their garments. Knowing David was going to attack him for this, he hired mercenaries from Aram to help him. Israel was able to defeat the Aramean mercenaries.
+1CH 19 intro abcj 0 # 1 Chronicles 19 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the story about the war against the Ammonites. This story continues in the first part of the next chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Insults
The young king of Ammon insulted David when he had David's servants shaved and cut off their garments. Knowing David was going to attack him for this, he hired mercenaries from Aram to help him. Israel was able to defeat the Aramean mercenaries.
1CH 19 1 i9za 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1CH 19 1 b5fi translate-names 0 Nahash This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 19 2 dn3v translate-names 0 Nahash ... Hanun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 19 19 k6iq 0 Connecting Statement: This verse finishes describing a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in [1 Chronicles 19:15](../19/15.md) were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
1CH 19 19 lej2 figs-activepassive 0 they were defeated by Israel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Israel had defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 19 19 w6z2 0 they made peace with David and served them They made the peace agreement with David as the king, and served the Israelites.
-1CH 20 intro abck 0 # 1 Chronicles 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story of the war with Ammon and tells of giants being killed by David's soldiers.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### "When kings normally go to war"
It was advantageous for kings to go to war in the springtime. This was possibly due to the weather being neither too hot nor too cold.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "It came about"
This is a phrase used to indicate the next event in a series. It can often be translated as "after," "then" or "next."
+1CH 20 intro abck 0 # 1 Chronicles 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story of the war with Ammon and tells of giants being killed by David's soldiers.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### "When kings normally go to war"
It was advantageous for kings to go to war in the springtime. This was possibly due to the weather being neither too hot nor too cold.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### "It came about"
This is a phrase used to indicate the next event in a series. It can often be translated as "after," "then" or "next."
1CH 20 1 n3jh 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1CH 20 1 syx2 writing-background 0 at the time when kings normally go to war This is background information from the author. It was harder to fight wars in the cold winter, so kings normally waited for spring to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1CH 20 1 b2iq figs-metonymy 0 kings normally go to war ... Joab led the army into battle Here "kings" is a metonym that means the kings sent their armies into battle. Joab was the commander of David's army. Alternate translation: "kings normally send their armies to war ... Joab led David's army into battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 20 7 epr3 0 Jehonadab ... Shimea These are names of men.
1CH 20 8 bhd7 0 These were descendants of the Rephaim of Gath Here "these" refer to Sippai in [1 Chronicles 20:4](../20/04.md), Lahmi in [1 Chronicles 20:5](../20/05.md), and the giant in verse 6.
1CH 20 8 kv74 figs-synecdoche 0 they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1CH 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
To trust in one's own power instead of God's protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
+1CH 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
To trust in one's own power instead of God's protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1CH 21 1 dfl4 0 An adversary arose against Israel Possible meanings of "adversary" are 1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or 2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel.
1CH 21 1 t4tl 0 incited David to count Israel "caused David to do wrong, to count Israel." If your language has a word for getting someone to become angry and do something he knows is wrong, you should use it here.
1CH 21 2 qcp8 0 count the people of Israel ... that I may know their number It is apparent from [1 Chronicles 21:5](../21/05.md) that David wanted to count only the men who were able to fight.
@@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 21 30 q136 writing-background 0 Verses 29-30 are background information to explain why David offered this sacrifice at the threshing floor instead of on the altar at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1CH 21 30 znd4 0 to ask for God's direction "to ask God to tell him what he should do"
1CH 21 30 d6s2 figs-metonymy 0 afraid of the sword of the angel of Yahweh Here "sword" represents being killed by the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: "afraid he would be killed by the angel of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1CH 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Chronicles 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a new section lasting for the remainder of the book. David begins preparing the things needed for building the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Solomon
In addition to preparing for the construction of the temple by gathering supplies, David also prepares his son, Solomon, to build the temple. David instructs Solomon to obey God. This is what is most necessary.
+1CH 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Chronicles 22 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a new section lasting for the remainder of the book. David begins preparing the things needed for building the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Solomon
In addition to preparing for the construction of the temple by gathering supplies, David also prepares his son, Solomon, to build the temple. David instructs Solomon to obey God. This is what is most necessary.
1CH 22 1 b7lu 0 This is where "This threshing floor is where"
1CH 22 2 f6ly 0 stonecutters persons who gathered large stones and cut them to the correct size so builders could use the rocks in walls and buildings
1CH 22 3 j9lr 0 braces items that connect two things together. "clamps" or "hinges"
@@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 22 19 b3t4 figs-synecdoche 0 with all your heart and your soul Here "heart" and "soul" refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: "with your whole being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CH 22 19 qhu2 figs-metonymy 0 Get up and build the holy place It is understood that Solomon will not do the work personally, but he will direct others to do it. Alternate translation: "Get up and direct the workers as they build the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 22 19 jia8 figs-metonymy 0 the house built for Yahweh's name Here "name" refers to honor. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the temple you will build to honor Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1CH 23 intro abcn 0 # 1 Chronicles 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the construction of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Organizing the Levites
As priests, the Levites had a significant role in the construction of the temple. David organized the Levites according to their families and explained what each group was to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
+1CH 23 intro abcn 0 # 1 Chronicles 23 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The preparation for the construction of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Organizing the Levites
As priests, the Levites had a significant role in the construction of the temple. David organized the Levites according to their families and explained what each group was to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
1CH 23 1 adi9 0 General Information: David appoints Solomon as his successor and organizes Levitical priests and staff for temple service.
1CH 23 3 g6et figs-activepassive 0 The Levites who were thirty years old and older were counted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Some of David's men counted the Levites who were 30 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 23 3 f7mf translate-numbers 0 They numbered thirty-eight thousand "There were 38,000 of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 23 31 rw21 0 new moon festivals These holidays marked the beginning of each new month.
1CH 23 31 pa7b 0 A fixed number, assigned by decree, always had to be present before Yahweh "A specific number of the Levites were always assigned to be present at the temple to make offerings to Yahweh"
1CH 23 32 pkq6 0 They were in charge of "The Levites were responsible for"
-1CH 24 intro abco 0 # 1 Chronicles 24 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Arranging the priests
David arranged for the order in which priests would be on duty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
+1CH 24 intro abco 0 # 1 Chronicles 24 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Arranging the priests
David arranged for the order in which priests would be on duty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
1CH 24 1 hmi6 0 General Information: This chapter describes how the Levites in the previous chapter were divided into work groups with different assignments.
1CH 24 1 swd6 0 Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar Translate the names of these men as in [1 Chronicles 6:3](../06/03.md).
1CH 24 3 blw1 translate-names 0 Ahimelech This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 24 30 t5a5 0 Mushi Translate the name of this man as in [1 Chronicles 23:21](../23/21.md).
1CH 24 30 ek5n translate-names 0 Mahli ... Eder ... Jerimoth These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 24 31 km4k 0 Ahimelech Translate the name of this man as in [1 Chronicles 18:16](../18/16.md).
-1CH 25 intro abcp 0 # 1 Chronicles 25 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Music
The 24 groups who were chosen to play music in the temple cast lots to see in what order they would serve.
+1CH 25 intro abcp 0 # 1 Chronicles 25 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Music
The 24 groups who were chosen to play music in the temple cast lots to see in what order they would serve.
1CH 25 1 x5mj 0 this service "the work done at the tabernacle"
1CH 25 1 xnr2 translate-unknown 0 cymbals This refers to two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CH 25 1 lu1w translate-names 0 Heman ... Jeduthun Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 16:41](../16/41.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1576,7 +1576,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 25 31 nb7m translate-ordinal 0 the twenty-fourth This refers to the twenty-fourth lot. The word "lot" may be supplied here. Alternate translation: "the twenty-fourth lot" or "lot number 24" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CH 25 31 vy25 translate-names 0 Romamti-Ezer Translate the name of this man the same as you did in [1 Chronicles 25:4](../25/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 25 31 ed4w translate-numbers 0 twelve persons in number "12 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-1CH 26 intro abcq 0 # 1 Chronicles 26 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Casting lots
The gatekeepers cast lots to see which gate they would guard. Those who took care of the storage also cast lots.
+1CH 26 intro abcq 0 # 1 Chronicles 26 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Casting lots
The gatekeepers cast lots to see which gate they would guard. Those who took care of the storage also cast lots.
1CH 26 1 w2xj 0 General Information: This begins the list of the gatekeepers.
1CH 26 1 e9f7 0 divisions groups
1CH 26 1 g7cp translate-names 0 Korahites See how you translated the name of this people group in [1 Chronicles 19:19](../19/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 26 31 pz7d 0 men of ability "capable men"
1CH 26 31 hqn8 translate-names 0 Jazer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 26 32 eq1n translate-numbers 0 2,700 relatives "two thousand seven hundred family members" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-1CH 27 intro abcr 0 # 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+1CH 27 intro abcr 0 # 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
1CH 27 1 azm6 0 This is the list "These are the names"
1CH 27 1 j7ta translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 27 1 ms1c 0 in various ways "in different ways" or "in many ways"
@@ -1774,7 +1774,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 27 33 iz6y translate-names 0 Ahithophel ... Hushai These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 27 33 d46f translate-names 0 Arkite This is the name of a tribe or clan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 27 34 r3m1 translate-names 0 Ahithophel ... Jehoiada These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1CH 28 intro abcs 0 # 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's instructions
David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death.
+1CH 28 intro abcs 0 # 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### David's instructions
David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death.
1CH 28 1 y878 0 assembled called together
1CH 28 1 u8rq 0 scheduled work Work that needs to be repeated, for example every day or every month.
1CH 28 1 k8yf translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: "the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: "the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions" See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 28 21 pp3r 0 Connecting Statement: David finishes speaking to Solomon.
1CH 28 21 k3yt 0 See, here are the divisions "Here are the divisions." David uses the word "see" here to refer back to the listings of the divisions of the Levites and their duties for the temple.
1CH 28 21 k3f2 0 the divisions of the priests and Levites See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 28:13](../28/13.md).
-1CH 29 intro abct 0 # 1 Chronicles 29 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple is finished in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Offering
David and the people made a free will offering and dedicated it all to God.
+1CH 29 intro abct 0 # 1 Chronicles 29 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple is finished in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Offering
David and the people made a free will offering and dedicated it all to God.
1CH 29 1 qu77 0 whom alone God has chosen "the one whom God has chosen"
1CH 29 2 dp3z 0 Connecting Statement: David continues talking to the people about his provisions for the building of the temple.
1CH 29 2 w79s figs-activepassive 0 gold for the things to be made of gold ... to be made of wood This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "gold so the craftsmen may make the gold things, silver so they may make the silver things, bronze so they may make the bronze things, iron so they may make the iron things, and wood so they may make the wooden things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
diff --git a/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv b/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv
index 4d2420991..032d01a38 100644
--- a/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2CH front intro mtv8 0 # Introduction to 2 Chronicles
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 2 Chronicles
1. Solomon rules the kingdom (1:1–9:28)
- Solomon put on the throne of David, his father (1:1-17)
- Solomon builds the temple of Yahweh (2:1–5:1)
- Solomon dedicates the temple (5:2–7:22)
- The life of Solomon (8:1–9:28)
1. Judah declines and goes into exile (10:1–36:23)
- From Rehoboam to Zedekiah (10:1–36:21)
- The edict of Cyrus, permitting Israel to return to Canaan (36:22–23)
### What are 1 and 2 Chronicles about?
The Book of 1 Chronicles retells the line of descendants from Adam to Saul. It then gives the history of Israel during the time of David. The Book of 2 Chronicles gives the history of Israel beginning with Solomon. It ends when the Babylonian army attacks Judah and takes some of the people to Babylon. The writers of Chronicles probably wrote these books for the Jews who returned from exile in Babylon. The purpose was to teach the people to avoid disobeying God as their ancestors did.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators can use the traditional title "2 Chronicles" or "Second Chronicles." You may also call this book "The Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel, Book 2" or "The Second Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel."
### Who wrote 1 and 2 Chronicles?
The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles are unknown. They mention that they used other books when writing Chronicles. The names of these other books are "The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer," "The Chronicles of Nathan the Seer," "The Chronicles of Gad the Seer," "The History of Nathan the Prophet," "The Chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and Iddo," "The Story of the Prophet Iddo" and "The books of the kings of Judah and Israel."
### Why are there multiple books that give the history of the kings of Israel?
The books of Chronicles and the books of Kings tell much of the same history, but they are not exactly the same. The writers of Chronicles wrote mostly about the kings of Judah who were faithful to Yahweh and his covenant. The writers wanted the Jews to think carefully about David and Solomon. They also wanted the Jews to think about how Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah caused their ancestors to repent and to worship Yahweh. The writers wanted to encourage the Jews and their leaders to obey the law and to honor God's covenant with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Why did God punish the people of Israel?
God punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped false gods. God punished them with disease, disasters, and defeat in battle. However, God forgave them and caused them to prosper again if they repented and obeyed him. The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles continually reminded the readers that God punished his people because they disobeyed. They wanted the readers to understand that they must obey God.
### Why are alliances with foreign countries seen as evil in these books?
Yahweh led and protected the nation of Israel. The people of Israel should have trusted him instead of relying on other nations to protect them.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah.
### What does it mean to "seek God?"
The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles often wrote about "seeking God." To "seek God" means to make an effort to please and honor God. It can also mean to ask God for help. It does not imply that God is hidden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### What does the phrase "to this day" mean?
The writers used the phrase "to this day" to refer to the time when they were writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25.
-2CH 1 intro xkh4 0 # 2 Chronicles 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a section about King Solomon's reign (2 Chronicles 1-9).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Wisdom
Solomon asks God for wisdom to rule God's people. God is pleased with this request because it is used to serve others. Therefore, God also gives Solomon tremendous wealth and a long life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
+2CH 1 intro xkh4 0 # 2 Chronicles 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a section about King Solomon's reign (2 Chronicles 1-9).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Wisdom
Solomon asks God for wisdom to rule God's people. God is pleased with this request because it is used to serve others. Therefore, God also gives Solomon tremendous wealth and a long life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
2CH 1 1 dx7s figs-activepassive 0 was strengthened in his rule This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "gained complete control over his kingdom" or "ruled powerfully over his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 1 1 p2am 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
2CH 1 1 vd1l figs-idiom 0 God was with him Here "was with him" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "God supported him" or "God helped him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 1 17 y9si translate-bweight 0 six hundred shekels of silver ... 150 shekels A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: "about 6.6 kilograms of silver ... about 1.7 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2CH 1 17 in3k translate-numbers 0 six hundred "600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 1 17 zs9z 0 exported to send something out of one country into another
-2CH 2 intro fnm3 0 # 2 Chronicles 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Solomon's reign continues in this chapter. This chapter also begins a section on building the temple. (2 Chronicles 2-4 and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### House of God
The temple is repeatedly referred to as the "house of God" because Yahweh will dwell in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])
+2CH 2 intro fnm3 0 # 2 Chronicles 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Solomon's reign continues in this chapter. This chapter also begins a section on building the temple. (2 Chronicles 2-4 and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### House of God
The temple is repeatedly referred to as the "house of God" because Yahweh will dwell in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])
2CH 2 1 k3yv 0 Now This marks a new part of the story.
2CH 2 1 jg9u figs-metonymy 0 commanded the building of a house for Yahweh's name The word "name" is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "commanded his people to build a house where Yahweh may live" or "commanded his people to build a house where they could worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 2 1 le5w 0 of a palace for his kingdom "of a royal palace for his kingdom" or "of a palace for himself"
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 2 17 cv1e translate-numbers 0 3600 "three thousand six hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 2 18 d4ud translate-numbers 0 seventy thousand ... eighty thousand "70,000 men ... 80,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 2 18 l7b2 figs-ellipsis 0 to carry loads It is understood that these are loads of materials for building Yahweh's house. Alternate translation: "to carry loads of materials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-2CH 3 intro ng2u 0 # 2 Chronicles 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Location of the temple
The location of the temple was very significant. Many important events in history occurred at this location.
+2CH 3 intro ng2u 0 # 2 Chronicles 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Location of the temple
The location of the temple was very significant. Many important events in history occurred at this location.
2CH 3 1 lyj2 figs-metonymy 0 Then Solomon began to build ... He prepared The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: "Then Solomon's workers began to build ... They prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 3 1 f5w8 translate-names 0 Mount Moriah This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 3 1 e7jb translate-names 0 Ornan the Jebusite "Ornan" is the name of a man. "Jebusite" is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 3 17 wlq9 0 he named "Solomon named"
2CH 3 17 jf9x translate-names 0 Jakin Possibly a name to describe God as "The One who establishes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 3 17 v7z1 translate-names 0 Boaz This name means "in strength" and is possibly used here to describe God because it means, "In Him is strength." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-2CH 4 intro h8s1 0 # 2 Chronicles 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Special construction
Not only is the temple constructed in a special way, the things that are used in the temple's sacrificial system and its decorations are constructed in a special way.
+2CH 4 intro h8s1 0 # 2 Chronicles 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon and the building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Special construction
Not only is the temple constructed in a special way, the things that are used in the temple's sacrificial system and its decorations are constructed in a special way.
2CH 4 1 qgj1 figs-metonymy 0 he made Here "he" refers to Solomon. The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: "Solomon's workers made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 4 1 jni2 translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits ... ten cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: "20 cubits ... 10 cubits" or "9.2 meters ... 4.6 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2CH 4 2 ifi9 translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits ... five cubits ... thirty cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: "4.6 meters ... 2.3 meters ... 13.8 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 4 22 e3lr figs-activepassive 0 Also the lamp trimmers ... were all made of pure gold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The workers also made the lamp trimmers ... out of pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 4 22 e9lw 0 lamp trimmers These would have been used to trim the wicks of the lamps.
2CH 4 22 r9an figs-activepassive 0 its inner doors ... were made of gold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the workers made its inner doors ... out of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CH 5 intro hb74 0 # 2 Chronicles 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Moving the contents of the tent
Everything from the tent was moved into the new temple. This too was done in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+2CH 5 intro hb74 0 # 2 Chronicles 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Moving the contents of the tent
Everything from the tent was moved into the new temple. This too was done in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
2CH 5 1 u3jv figs-metonymy 0 When all the work that Solomon did for the house of Yahweh was completed, Solomon brought The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When Solomon's workers completed all of the work for the house of Yahweh, they brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 5 1 j4yx 0 treasuries storerooms, rooms where things are kept or stored
2CH 5 2 b6dz 0 assembled the elders of Israel "called together the leaders of Israel"
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 5 13 m6zc figs-idiom 0 raised their voices This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "sang loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 5 13 h8ri figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant loyalty endures forever The abstract noun "covenant loyalty" can be stated as "faithful." Alternate translation: "for he is faithful forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 5 13 eju9 figs-activepassive 0 Then the house, the house of Yahweh, was filled with a cloud This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then a cloud filled the house of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CH 6 intro j414 0 # 2 Chronicles 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Temple dedication
Solomon dedicated the temple with a prayer asking God to honor the temple. It was common to dedicate something important to God when it was completed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+2CH 6 intro j414 0 # 2 Chronicles 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Temple dedication
Solomon dedicated the temple with a prayer asking God to honor the temple. It was common to dedicate something important to God when it was completed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
2CH 6 1 q2mk figs-123person 0 Yahweh has said that he Solomon speaks to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects Yahweh. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, you have said that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2CH 6 1 tya2 figs-metaphor 0 in thick darkness Here the word "thick" shows that the darkness is extreme. Yahweh spoke of not allowing sinful people to see him as if he were to live in darkness. Alternate translation: "in great darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 2 c62a figs-synecdoche 0 I have built you a lofty residence Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: "I and your people have built you a lofty residence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 42 y5ew figs-metonymy 0 your anointed "your anointed one." Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the one you anointed" or "me, the one you chose to be king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 6 42 fdg8 0 Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant The phrase "your acts" can be expressed with the phrase "what you have done." Alternate translation: "Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty"
2CH 6 42 kr6g 0 Keep in mind "Remember"
-2CH 7 intro uu1a 0 # 2 Chronicles 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Solomon's dream
God appeared again to Solomon in a dream and said the temple was acceptable and he honored it with his presence. He would remain as long as Israel obeyed him. If they worshiped other gods and idols he would let their enemies destroy the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+2CH 7 intro uu1a 0 # 2 Chronicles 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Solomon's dream
God appeared again to Solomon in a dream and said the temple was acceptable and he honored it with his presence. He would remain as long as Israel obeyed him. If they worshiped other gods and idols he would let their enemies destroy the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2CH 7 1 ffl2 0 the house "Yahweh's house" or "the temple"
2CH 7 3 xie8 translate-symaction 0 they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the stone pavement This is a position of humility and worship. Alternate translation: "they lay down on the ground with their faces touching the stone pavement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2CH 7 3 ti2r figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant loyalty endures forever The abstract noun "covenant loyalty" can be expressed with the adjective "loyal" and the verb "promise." Alternate translation: "God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant" or "God will always faithfully do for us what he promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 7 22 vzk4 figs-distinguish 0 who had brought their ancestors out of the land of Egypt This phrase tells why they should have worshiped God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
2CH 7 22 j4e4 figs-metaphor 0 they laid hold of other gods Here "laid hold of" represents choosing to be loyal to them. Alternate translation: "they chose to be loyal to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 22 t5tf figs-parallelism 0 bowed down to them and worshiped them These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase "bowed down to them" describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-2CH 8 intro a5ai 0 # 2 Chronicles 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Solomon's victories
Solomon achieved many victory when he was king. This chapter records many of these victories. Israel is at its height of power when Solomon was king.
+2CH 8 intro a5ai 0 # 2 Chronicles 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Solomon's victories
Solomon achieved many victory when he was king. This chapter records many of these victories. Israel is at its height of power when Solomon was king.
2CH 8 1 e9fh 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way of doing this, you could consider using it here.
2CH 8 1 abj4 translate-numbers 0 at the end of twenty years "after 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 8 1 v6bz figs-metonymy 0 Solomon had built the house of Yahweh and his own house The author writes of Solomon commanding the people to build the temple and palace and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built them. Alternate translation: "Solomon caused the house of Yahweh and his own house to be built" or "Solomon directed the building of the temple and his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 8 17 i7h5 translate-names 0 Ezion Geber and then to Elath on the coast These are towns along the Sea of Reeds. They had ports where people who had ships could stop. Alternate translation: "the towns of Ezion Geber and Elath, on the coast of the Sea of Reeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 8 18 y96s translate-names 0 Ophir This is the name of a place. Its location is not known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 8 18 lq1h translate-numbers 0 450 talents of gold "four hundred and fifty talents of gold." You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "about sixteen thousand kilograms of gold" or "about fifteen metric tons of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
-2CH 9 intro yt1q 0 # 2 Chronicles 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon ends.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Solomon's fame
Solomon was famous outside of Israel because of his wisdom and tremendous wealth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
+2CH 9 intro yt1q 0 # 2 Chronicles 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Solomon ends.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Solomon's fame
Solomon was famous outside of Israel because of his wisdom and tremendous wealth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
2CH 9 1 vdf5 0 She came with a very long caravan "a very large group of servants" or "a very long line of servants"
2CH 9 1 z364 figs-hyperbole 0 all that was in her heart This is a generalization. Alternate translation: "everything she wanted to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 9 2 jyn4 figs-doublenegatives 0 there was no question that he did not answer This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: "he answered every question" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 9 29 a674 0 Ahijah the Shilonite This is a prophet from Shiloh who predicted that the nation of Israel would be divided into two kingdoms.
2CH 9 29 ae38 translate-names 0 Shilonite This is the name of a people group from the town of Shiloh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 9 31 bi64 figs-euphemism 0 He slept with his ancestors This was a polite way to tell about him dying. Alternate translation: "He died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-2CH 10 intro abca 0 # 2 Chronicles 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This begins a section on King Rehoboam. (2 Chronicles 10-12)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Rehoboam's taxes
The people asked Solomon's son, Rehoboam, to reduce the heavy taxes and the forced labor Solomon had demanded but Rehoboam refused. He lacked the wisdom to follow the advice of the men who had been councilors of his father Solomon. So the ten northern tribes broke off and made Jeroboam their king. They were called "Israel" and Rehoboam's kingdom was called Judah. This will cause confusion between the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The people use the metaphor of a yoke to complain about the high taxes and forced labor Solomon demanded from the people. They said, "Your father made our yoke difficult." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+2CH 10 intro abca 0 # 2 Chronicles 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This begins a section on King Rehoboam. (2 Chronicles 10-12)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Rehoboam's taxes
The people asked Solomon's son, Rehoboam, to reduce the heavy taxes and the forced labor Solomon had demanded but Rehoboam refused. He lacked the wisdom to follow the advice of the men who had been councilors of his father Solomon. So the ten northern tribes broke off and made Jeroboam their king. They were called "Israel" and Rehoboam's kingdom was called Judah. This will cause confusion between the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
The people use the metaphor of a yoke to complain about the high taxes and forced labor Solomon demanded from the people. They said, "Your father made our yoke difficult." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 1 e14t figs-metonymy 0 all Israel was coming Here "Israel" is a metonym for the men of Israel. The word "all" is a generalization. Alternate translation: "the men of Israel were coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 10 2 ihc3 translate-names 0 Jeroboam ... Nebat These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Chronicles 9:29](../09/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 10 3 muy4 0 they sent and called him "the men of Israel sent for Jeroboam"
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 10 18 lr8h 0 stoned him to death with stones "killed Adoniram by stoning him"
2CH 10 19 hz9k figs-metonymy 0 against the house of David Here "the house of David" represents the kings who were descendants of David. Alternate translation: "against the kings descended from David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 10 19 bk6f 0 to this day This refers to the general time when the author wrote this book. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: "even now"
-2CH 11 intro abcb 0 # 2 Chronicles 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The section on King Rehoboam continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Strengthening their defenses
Rehoboam strengthened the defenses of Judah. Without the help of the northern tribes, the kingdom of Judah did not really have much power to defend itself from outside attacks. Therefore, Rehoboam felt it necessary to strengthen Judah's military defenses.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Israel
When the author speaks about Israel, he is now referring almost exclusively to the northern kingdom of Israel and not the united nation of Israel.
+2CH 11 intro abcb 0 # 2 Chronicles 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The section on King Rehoboam continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Strengthening their defenses
Rehoboam strengthened the defenses of Judah. Without the help of the northern tribes, the kingdom of Judah did not really have much power to defend itself from outside attacks. Therefore, Rehoboam felt it necessary to strengthen Judah's military defenses.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Israel
When the author speaks about Israel, he is now referring almost exclusively to the northern kingdom of Israel and not the united nation of Israel.
2CH 11 1 eq9s figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah and Benjamin Here "house" is a metonym that represents a tribe or descendants and refers specifically to the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "all the soldiers from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 11 1 b7w5 translate-numbers 0 180,000 chosen men "one hundred and eighty thousand chosen men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 11 1 w8fs figs-idiom 0 chosen men who were soldiers "choice men who were soldiers." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. Alternate translation: "of the best soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 11 21 m2ue translate-numbers 0 eighteen wives and sixty concubines ... twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters "18 wives and 60 concubines ... 28 sons and 60 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 11 22 c4mf 0 he had the thought of making him king "he had thought of making Abijah king"
2CH 11 23 dy54 0 he scattered all his sons throughout all the land of Judah and Benjamin to every fortified city "he sent all his sons throughout all the land to every fortified city of Judah and Benjamin"
-2CH 12 intro abcc 0 # 2 Chronicles 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the section on King Rehoboam.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Worshiping Yahweh
The safety of Israel and Judah was dependent upon the people worshiping Yahweh and not upon their military power. Because Rehoboam deserted the worship of God, God allowed the king of Egypt to take all of the wealth Solomon stored up.
+2CH 12 intro abcc 0 # 2 Chronicles 12 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the section on King Rehoboam.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Worshiping Yahweh
The safety of Israel and Judah was dependent upon the people worshiping Yahweh and not upon their military power. Because Rehoboam deserted the worship of God, God allowed the king of Egypt to take all of the wealth Solomon stored up.
2CH 12 1 tjl2 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2CH 12 1 gxk5 figs-activepassive 0 when Rehoboam's reign was established This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "when Rehoboam had established his reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 12 1 z28t figs-metonymy 0 all Israel with him Here the words "all Israel" refer specifically to the people of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, over which Rehoboam was king. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "all the Israelite people whom he ruled also abandoned the law of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 12 16 xt65 figs-metaphor 0 Rehoboam slept with his ancestors Rehoboam dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "Rehoboam died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 12 16 b4ei figs-activepassive 0 was buried in the city of David This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people buried him in the city of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 12 16 nn6z figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "became king instead of Rehoboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CH 13 intro abcd 0 # 2 Chronicles 13 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
Trusting in God, King Abijah of Judah was able to overcome the army of Israel even though it was twice as big as his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+2CH 13 intro abcd 0 # 2 Chronicles 13 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
Trusting in God, King Abijah of Judah was able to overcome the army of Israel even though it was twice as big as his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2CH 13 1 i77c figs-explicit 0 In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign as king. Alternate translation: "In the eighteenth year that Jeroboam was king" or "in year 18 of King Jeroboam's reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2CH 13 2 ruf6 translate-names 0 Macaiah, the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah "Macaiah" is the name of a woman. "Uriel" is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 13 2 ks67 figs-synecdoche 0 There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate translation: "There was war between the army of Abijah and the army of Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 13 21 giq9 translate-numbers 0 fourteen wives ... twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters "14 wives ... 22 sons and 16 daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 13 22 n2y7 0 his behavior, and words "his behavior, and his sayings" or "his behavior, and the things that he said"
2CH 13 22 du9n figs-activepassive 0 are written in the history of the prophet Iddo This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "are in the history that the prophet Iddo wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CH 14 intro abce 0 # 2 Chronicles 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the section about King Asa. (2 Chronicles 14-16)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
Trusting in Yahweh, Asa was able to defeat million men of the army of Nubia. Trust in Yahweh is more important than military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+2CH 14 intro abce 0 # 2 Chronicles 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the section about King Asa. (2 Chronicles 14-16)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
Trusting in Yahweh, Asa was able to defeat million men of the army of Nubia. Trust in Yahweh is more important than military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2CH 14 1 m185 figs-metaphor 0 Abijah slept with his ancestors Abijah dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "Abijah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 14 1 y47c 0 they buried him "people buried him"
2CH 14 1 j1xa figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "became king instead of Abijah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 14 13 j42c figs-euphemism 0 So many Cushites fell Here to "fall" is a euphemism for dying in battle. Alternate translation: "So many Cushites died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 14 13 y95c figs-activepassive 0 for they were completely destroyed before Yahweh and his army This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for Yahweh's army completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 14 14 a7vh figs-metaphor 0 for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are 1) "terror of Yahweh" refers to terror from Yahweh. Alternate translation: "for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified" or 2) "terror of Yahweh" refers to being terrified of Yahweh. Alternate translation: "for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CH 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Chronicles 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The section about King Asa continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Promise
The people promise to serve the Lord. This is something they will ultimately fail to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
The phrase "seek Yahweh" means "wanting to believe and obey Yahweh." This is a common way to describe proper worship of Yahweh. It is possible the meaning of this idiom is about a desire to properly worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+2CH 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Chronicles 15 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The section about King Asa continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Promise
The people promise to serve the Lord. This is something they will ultimately fail to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Idiom
The phrase "seek Yahweh" means "wanting to believe and obey Yahweh." This is a common way to describe proper worship of Yahweh. It is possible the meaning of this idiom is about a desire to properly worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 15 1 a8dj figs-idiom 0 The Spirit of God came on Azariah This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Azariah and enabled him to prophesy. Alternate translation: "The Spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 15 1 jvp5 translate-names 0 Oded This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 15 2 n1gv figs-activepassive 0 he will be found by you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will find him" or "he will permit you to find him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 15 17 q7kg figs-idiom 0 all his days This refers to the whole period of time that Asa lived. Alternate translation: "the whole time that he lived" or "throughout his whole life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 15 18 tv71 figs-metonymy 0 the house of God Here the word "house" represents the temple. Alternate translation: "the temple of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 15 19 s2k8 translate-ordinal 0 the thirty-fifth year "year 35" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
-2CH 16 intro abcg 0 # 2 Chronicles 16 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The section about King Asa is completed in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Asa did not trust Yahweh
When Baasha was building Ramah to blockade him, Asa asked the king of Aram to help him instead of trusting God to help him. This was sinful because he disobeyed Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
+2CH 16 intro abcg 0 # 2 Chronicles 16 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The section about King Asa is completed in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Asa did not trust Yahweh
When Baasha was building Ramah to blockade him, Asa asked the king of Aram to help him instead of trusting God to help him. This was sinful because he disobeyed Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2CH 16 1 rpk1 translate-numbers 0 the thirty-sixth year "year 36" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 16 1 jjy7 figs-explicit 0 built up Ramah It is implied that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: "captured and fortified Ramah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 16 1 a748 0 so that he might not allow anyone to "so that no one could"
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 16 14 w49e 0 bier A bier is a table on which a dead body is placed at a funeral.
2CH 16 14 zkv1 figs-explicit 0 sweet odors and various kinds of spices prepared by skilled perfumers Putting plants that smell good with the dead body was one of the burial customs of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "sweet smelling plants prepared by people skilled in this custom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 16 14 b5fm figs-activepassive 0 prepared by skilled perfumers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that skilled perfumers had prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CH 17 intro abch 0 # 2 Chronicles 17 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of King Jehoshaphat.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust in Yahweh
Jehoshaphat trusted and obeyed God. Because of this, God made him strong. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+2CH 17 intro abch 0 # 2 Chronicles 17 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of King Jehoshaphat.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust in Yahweh
Jehoshaphat trusted and obeyed God. Because of this, God made him strong. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2CH 17 1 hul7 0 in his place "after his father"
2CH 17 1 dv9h figs-synecdoche 0 strengthened himself against Israel Jehoshaphat prepared the army for battle. Alternate translation: "prepared the army to be able to battle Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 17 2 w4rq 0 He placed forces "He places soldiers"
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 17 18 gt7s translate-names 0 Jehozabad This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 17 18 tzr5 translate-numbers 0 180000 "one hundred and eighty thousand men" or "180,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2CH 17 19 rb3n 0 besides those "in addition to"
-2CH 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Chronicles 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
The will of God is accomplished, even when people try to avoid it. Ahab tried to disguise himself to hide from the soldiers of Aram but an arrow still hit and killed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]])
+2CH 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Chronicles 18 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
The will of God is accomplished, even when people try to avoid it. Ahab tried to disguise himself to hide from the soldiers of Aram but an arrow still hit and killed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]])
2CH 18 1 r6yh writing-background 0 Now Jehoshaphat had great riches and honor; he allied himself with Ahab The word "now" is used here to mark background information. This happened before Ahab went down to Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2CH 18 1 xea2 0 he allied himself with Ahab "he aligned himself with Ahab" or "he made himself a friend of Ahab"
2CH 18 2 brr6 figs-explicit 0 Ahab killed many sheep and oxen for him and the people This means that he had these animals slaughtered to prepare a feast for the people. Also, Ahab himself would not have prepared the animals, but rather would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate translation: "Ahab commanded his workers to slaughter many sheep and oxen for a feast for Jehoshaphat and the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 18 33 xs83 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind.
2CH 18 33 ggx8 0 between the joints of his armor This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords.
2CH 18 34 qv2q figs-activepassive 0 the king of Israel was held up in his chariot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone held the king of Israel up in his chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CH 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Chronicles 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Levite judges
Jehoshaphat appointed many Levites to be judges and told them to be very fair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
+2CH 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Chronicles 19 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Levite judges
Jehoshaphat appointed many Levites to be judges and told them to be very fair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
2CH 19 2 qk59 translate-names 0 Hanani, the seer "Hanani" is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 16:7](../16/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 19 2 ms7g 0 went out to meet him Here the word "him" refers to Jehoshaphat.
2CH 19 2 utb7 figs-rquestion 0 Should you be helping the wicked? Should you be loving those who hate Yahweh? These questions expect negative answers to make the point that Jehoshaphat should not have helped Ahab. Alternate translation: "You should not help the wicked! You should not love those who hate Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 19 11 k733 translate-names 0 Amariah ... Zebadiah ... Ishmael These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 19 11 v1uj 0 is over you "is in charge of you"
2CH 19 11 ad3r figs-123person 0 of all the matters of the king Here Jehoshaphat speaks of himself in the third person. This can be translated in the first person. Alternate translation: "of all my royal matters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-2CH 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Chronicles 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Jehoshaphat is completed in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Deliverance and trust
God rescues those who trust him. An enormous army came against Jehoshaphat but God promised that he would defeat them without Judah having to fight. Then the enemy fought among themselves and when the army of Judah arrived there were dead bodies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
+2CH 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Chronicles 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Jehoshaphat is completed in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Deliverance and trust
God rescues those who trust him. An enormous army came against Jehoshaphat but God promised that he would defeat them without Judah having to fight. Then the enemy fought among themselves and when the army of Judah arrived there were dead bodies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
2CH 20 1 j8yx 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2CH 20 1 lg2y translate-names 0 Meunites This was a people group from the region of Meun which was near Edom, east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 20 1 mj86 figs-synecdoche 0 came against Jehoshaphat to do battle Here "Jehoshaphat" represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: "came against Jehoshaphat's army to do battle" or "came to fight against Jehoshaphat and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 20 37 yz7g translate-names 0 Mareshah Translate this man's name as you did in [2 Chronicles 11:8](../11/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 20 37 pjq3 figs-activepassive 0 The ships were wrecked so that This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The ships became ruined and" or "The ships wrecked so that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 20 37 nwz7 0 they were not able to sail "no one was able to sail them"
-2CH 21 intro abcl 0 # 2 Chronicles 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Evil
Doing evil causes the country to decline. Jehoshaphat's son was evil. Edom and Libna successfully revolted against him, the Arabs plundered him and he died of an intestinal disease. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Simile
The author compares worship of Baal to being a prostitute: "to act like a prostitute." Idolatry by the people of God is often pictured as prostitution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
+2CH 21 intro abcl 0 # 2 Chronicles 21 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Evil
Doing evil causes the country to decline. Jehoshaphat's son was evil. Edom and Libna successfully revolted against him, the Arabs plundered him and he died of an intestinal disease. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Simile
The author compares worship of Baal to being a prostitute: "to act like a prostitute." Idolatry by the people of God is often pictured as prostitution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
2CH 21 1 fj5a figs-euphemism 0 slept with his ancestors Jehoshaphat dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 21 1 d8x6 figs-idiom 0 city of David This is the city of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 21 2 ts51 translate-names 0 Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 21 19 b2kq figs-idiom 0 in due time This is an idiom that refers to a set or appointed time. Alternate translation: "in the proper time" or "when the time was right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 21 19 d8dk figs-explicit 0 made no fire in his honor as they had done for his ancestors The custom of the Israelites was to make a bonfire to honor the king who had died. They did not do this for Jehoram to express their contempt for him. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "did not make a bonfire to honor him as they normally did to honor kings when they died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 21 20 y2kv 0 when he departed no one mourned him "no one was sad that he died"
-2CH 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Chronicles 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the beginning of the story of Queen Athaliah.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The author compares Athaliah's evil deeds to Ahab's family's evil lives: "walked in the ways of the house of Ahab." Ahab is pictured as the epitome of evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
+2CH 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Chronicles 22 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is the beginning of the story of Queen Athaliah.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
The author compares Athaliah's evil deeds to Ahab's family's evil lives: "walked in the ways of the house of Ahab." Ahab is pictured as the epitome of evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
2CH 22 1 mmm8 writing-background 0 for the band of men ... had killed all his older sons This is background information about the events of [2 Chronicles 21:16](../21/16.md) and [2 Chronicles 21:17](../21/17.md). Ahaziah was called "Jehoahaz" in that earlier account. It is possible he changed his name when he became king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2CH 22 1 r4vf 0 all his older sons "all Jehoram's older sons"
2CH 22 2 nym9 translate-numbers 0 twenty-two years old "22 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 22 11 fw3s 0 into a bedroom Verse 12 makes it clear that this bedroom was located in the temple. Jehosheba could access that room because she was married to Jehoiada who was a priest.
2CH 22 11 kdl4 translate-names 0 Jehoiada This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 22 12 z5ls 0 He was with them "Joash was with Jehosheba and Jehoiada"
-2CH 23 intro abcn 0 # 2 Chronicles 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The chapter ends the story of Queen Athaliah and begins the story of King Joash.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Having a king
The high priest organized a coup and made seven-year-old Joash king. Athaliah objected, so the chief priest had her killed. This was an attempt by the priests to fulfill the covenant God made with David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
+2CH 23 intro abcn 0 # 2 Chronicles 23 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The chapter ends the story of Queen Athaliah and begins the story of King Joash.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Having a king
The high priest organized a coup and made seven-year-old Joash king. Athaliah objected, so the chief priest had her killed. This was an attempt by the priests to fulfill the covenant God made with David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
2CH 23 1 sr8q figs-explicit 0 General Information: Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 23 1 j4s2 translate-names 0 Jehoiada the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 23 1 s3ap 0 showed his strength He decided it was time to challenge Athaliah's rule and reveal that Joash was alive and ready to be king. Alternate translation: "decided to act"
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 23 20 tc95 0 the throne of the kingdom "the royal throne"
2CH 23 21 cu4z figs-hyperbole 0 So all the people of the land This is generalization to say that most of the people rejoiced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 23 21 yrp6 figs-metonymy 0 the city was quiet Here "the city" represents the people of the city, and "quiet" represents peace, since no one opposed Joash after Athaliah died. Alternate translation: "the people of the city were at peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CH 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Chronicles 24 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Joash is completed in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Joash repairs the temple
Joash decided to repair the temple. The Levites collected money from people and gave it to the workmen to repair the temple. This was a sign of worship towards Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])
#### Joash becomes evil
When Joash stopped worshiping Yahweh, he had many troubles. Joash remaind loyal to Yahweh as long as the chief priest lived, but when the chief priest died Joash started following other gods. The chief priest's son warned him that he would have trouble, so he had him killed. The army of Aram defeated and plundered him and his servants murdered him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+2CH 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Chronicles 24 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Joash is completed in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Joash repairs the temple
Joash decided to repair the temple. The Levites collected money from people and gave it to the workmen to repair the temple. This was a sign of worship towards Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])
### Joash becomes evil
When Joash stopped worshiping Yahweh, he had many troubles. Joash remaind loyal to Yahweh as long as the chief priest lived, but when the chief priest died Joash started following other gods. The chief priest's son warned him that he would have trouble, so he had him killed. The army of Aram defeated and plundered him and his servants murdered him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2CH 24 1 v56j 0 began to reign "became king of Judah"
2CH 24 1 qs6q translate-numbers 0 forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 24 1 rsd4 translate-names 0 Zibiah This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 24 27 ua6b 0 the important prophecies that were spoken about him "the important things the prophets spoke about him"
2CH 24 27 j35b 0 see, they are written Here "see" alerts the reader to pay special attention to the information that follows.
2CH 24 27 sg2c 0 the commentary on the book of the kings This is a book which no longer exists.
-2CH 25 intro abcp 0 # 2 Chronicles 25 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Worshiping other gods
When Amaziah trusted God he was successful against Edom. But when he started worshiping the idols of Edom he was badly defeated. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+2CH 25 intro abcp 0 # 2 Chronicles 25 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Worshiping other gods
When Amaziah trusted God he was successful against Edom. But when he started worshiping the idols of Edom he was badly defeated. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2CH 25 1 ng3y translate-numbers 0 twenty-five years ... twenty-nine years "25 years ... 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 25 1 bg2h translate-names 0 Jehoaddan This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 25 2 sad2 figs-metaphor 0 what was right in the eyes of Yahweh Here the word "eyes" represents sight, and sight represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: "what Yahweh judged to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 25 28 p98d 0 They brought The text does not state to whom the word "They" refers. Retain the generic "they" in your translation if possible.
2CH 25 28 m98i 0 brought him back "brought back his body"
2CH 25 28 x3ai 0 city of Judah This was another name for Jerusalem, which was also called the city of David.
-2CH 26 intro abcq 0 # 2 Chronicles 26 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Uzzah the leper
Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
+2CH 26 intro abcq 0 # 2 Chronicles 26 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Uzzah the leper
Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
2CH 26 1 yr6f figs-hyperbole 0 All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah The word "All" is a generalization. Some people may not have wanted him to be king. Alternate translation: "The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Uzziah and made him king after his father, Amaziah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 26 1 dq8x translate-numbers 0 sixteen "16" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 26 2 ej5d figs-synecdoche 0 It was he who rebuilt Elath Uzziah did not do this alone. Alternate translation: "It was he who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was he who supervised the rebuilding of Elath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 26 23 qc4c figs-euphemism 0 So Uzziah slept with his ancestors This is polite way to say that he died. Alternate translation: "So Uzziah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 26 23 z88d 0 they buried him with his ancestors "the people buried him near his ancestors" or "they buried him where his ancestors were buried"
2CH 26 23 y9w8 0 Jotham, his son, became king in his place "Jotham, his son, became king after Uzziah"
-2CH 27 intro abcr 0 # 2 Chronicles 27 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust in Yahweh
Jotham was able to conquer the people of Ammon because he obeyed the Lord. For Yahweh, trust in Yahweh is the key to victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+2CH 27 intro abcr 0 # 2 Chronicles 27 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust in Yahweh
Jotham was able to conquer the people of Ammon because he obeyed the Lord. For Yahweh, trust in Yahweh is the key to victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2CH 27 1 ua41 translate-numbers 0 twenty-five years old ... sixteen years "25 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 27 1 d5aq translate-names 0 Jerushah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 27 2 ghj2 figs-metaphor 0 He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Jotham's actions. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: "He did what Yahweh judged to be right" or "He did what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 27 9 rz6e figs-metaphor 0 Jotham slept with his ancestors Jotham dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "Jotham died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 27 9 ipz3 0 they buried him "people buried him"
2CH 27 9 mbl8 figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "became king instead of Jotham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CH 28 intro abcs 0 # 2 Chronicles 28 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King Ahaz's idolatry
Judah was defeated by all of the neighboring countries because King Ahaz was worshiping all sorts of foreign gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+2CH 28 intro abcs 0 # 2 Chronicles 28 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### King Ahaz's idolatry
Judah was defeated by all of the neighboring countries because King Ahaz was worshiping all sorts of foreign gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2CH 28 1 q5fy translate-numbers 0 twenty years old ... sixteen years "20 years old ... 16 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 28 1 vk31 figs-metaphor 0 what was right in the eyes of Yahweh The eyes here represent seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of Ahaz's actions. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 28 2 yfe8 figs-metaphor 0 he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel Walking represents behavior and actions. Alternate translation: "he acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted" or "he did the things that the kings of Israel had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1358,7 +1358,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 28 27 ik3s figs-metaphor 0 Ahaz slept with his ancestors Ahaz dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "Ahaz died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 28 27 db2g 0 they buried him "people buried him"
2CH 28 27 i4nk figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase "in his place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "became king instead of Ahaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CH 29 intro abct 0 # 2 Chronicles 29 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of King Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 29-32)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Cleansing the temple
King Hezekiah was a great king. He cleaned and rededicated the temple. This was a sign that he wanted the people to return to worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])
+2CH 29 intro abct 0 # 2 Chronicles 29 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of King Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 29-32)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Cleansing the temple
King Hezekiah was a great king. He cleaned and rededicated the temple. This was a sign that he wanted the people to return to worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])
2CH 29 1 at93 translate-numbers 0 twenty-five years old ... twenty-nine years "25 years old ... 29 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 29 1 r1vb translate-names 0 Abijah This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 29 2 jk4r figs-metaphor 0 what was right in the eyes of Yahweh The word "eyes" here represents seeing, and seeing represents judgment. Yahweh saw and approved of Hezekiah's actions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: "what Yahweh judged to be right" or "what Yahweh considered to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 30 27 mi6e figs-parallelism 0 Their voice was heard ... their prayer went up to heaven, the holy place where God lives These two phrases mean the same thing and imply that God responded favorably to their prayer. Alternate translation: "God responded favorably to their prayer, which he heard in heaven, the holy place where he lives" or "God, who lives in the holy heaven, heard their prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2CH 30 27 wny8 figs-activepassive 0 Their voice was heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God heard their voice" or "God heard what they said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 30 27 pdh5 figs-metaphor 0 their prayer went up to heaven Their prayer going up to heaven represents God in heaven paying attention to them praying on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CH 31 intro abcv 0 # 2 Chronicles 31 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Hezekiah continues in this chapter.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
To express Hezekiah's desire to please God, the author uses two idioms "to seek God" and "with all his heart." This means that he really wanted to do what God wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+2CH 31 intro abcv 0 # 2 Chronicles 31 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Hezekiah continues in this chapter.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Idiom
To express Hezekiah's desire to please God, the author uses two idioms "to seek God" and "with all his heart." This means that he really wanted to do what God wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 31 1 gd96 0 who were there "who were in Jerusalem"
2CH 31 1 wb97 figs-genericnoun 0 to his own possession Here "possession" means possessions in general. Alternate translation: "to his own property" or "to his own home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
2CH 31 2 rdy8 figs-activepassive 0 Hezekiah assigned the divisions of the priests and the Levites organized by their divisions, each man assigned to his work, both the priests and the Levites This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Hezekiah organized the priests and the Levites into groups. He assigned each priest and Levite to their duties" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 31 19 a2jb figs-activepassive 0 to all who were listed in the records This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to all whose names were in the records" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 31 21 xn3s figs-metaphor 0 to seek his God Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. Alternate translation: "to obey his God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 31 21 hpa7 figs-metonymy 0 he performed it with all his heart Here the word "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. Alternate translation: "he performed it with all his will" or "he was completely committed to what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CH 32 intro abcw 0 # 2 Chronicles 32 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of King Hezekiah is completed in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust in Yahweh
Because Hezekiah trusted God, God rescued Jerusalem from the attacked of the Assyrian army and healed Hezekiah when he was very sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+2CH 32 intro abcw 0 # 2 Chronicles 32 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of King Hezekiah is completed in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust in Yahweh
Because Hezekiah trusted God, God rescued Jerusalem from the attacked of the Assyrian army and healed Hezekiah when he was very sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2CH 32 1 cr8m figs-abstractnouns 0 After these things and these acts of faithfulness The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully." Alternate translation: "After Hezekiah faithfully did all the things Yahweh commanded him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 32 1 kg14 figs-synecdoche 0 Sennacherib, king of Assyria, came ... He camped Here Sennacherib represents his army. Alternate translation: "Sennacherib, king of Assyria, and his army came ... They camped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 32 1 ql5r figs-go 0 came and entered Judah Here "came" can be stated as "went." Alternate translation: "went and entered Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 32 31 pf9p figs-activepassive 0 the miraculous sign that had been done in the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the miracle that Yahweh had performed in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 32 31 gzw6 figs-metonymy 0 to know all that was in his heart Here "heart" represents a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "to reveal Hezekiah's true character" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 33 feg7 figs-euphemism 0 Hezekiah slept with his ancestors This was a polite way to tell about him dying. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:31](../09/31.md). Alternate translation: "Hezekiah died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-2CH 33 intro abcx 0 # 2 Chronicles 33 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King Manasseh
Manasseh angered God more than any other king of Judah. He worshiped the sun, stars and many foreign gods and even sacrificed his sons to the sun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+2CH 33 intro abcx 0 # 2 Chronicles 33 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### King Manasseh
Manasseh angered God more than any other king of Judah. He worshiped the sun, stars and many foreign gods and even sacrificed his sons to the sun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2CH 33 2 new5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: "things that Yahweh said were evil" or "the things that Yahweh considers evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 33 2 jsg3 0 like the disgusting things Another possible meaning is "including the disgusting things."
2CH 33 3 ii16 figs-metonymy 0 he rebuilt the high places ... he built altars ... he made Asherah poles Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. Alternate translation: "he had the high places rebuilt ... he had altars built ... he had Asherah poles made" or "he had his workers rebuild the high places ... he had them build altars ... he had them make Asherah poles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 33 24 d226 figs-idiom 0 put him to death This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 33 24 ii8t 0 conspired against him "planned in secret to kill him"
2CH 33 25 i411 figs-idiom 0 king in his place This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "became the next king" or "became the king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-2CH 34 intro abcy 0 # 2 Chronicles 34 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the beginning of the story of King Josiah. (2 Chronicles 34-35)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Returning the people to Yahweh
Josiah worshiped Yahweh and cleaned out the idols and shrines from Judah. The people returned to worship Yahweh again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
+2CH 34 intro abcy 0 # 2 Chronicles 34 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is the beginning of the story of King Josiah. (2 Chronicles 34-35)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Returning the people to Yahweh
Josiah worshiped Yahweh and cleaned out the idols and shrines from Judah. The people returned to worship Yahweh again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
2CH 34 1 ek19 translate-numbers 0 thirty-one years "31 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 34 2 xd2k figs-metaphor 0 what was right in the eyes of Yahweh Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: "the things that Yahweh said were right" or "the things that Yahweh considers right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 34 2 mad6 figs-metaphor 0 walked in the ways of David his ancestor Josiah behaving as David did is spoken of as if he walked on the same road or way as David. Alternate translation: "lived the way David his ancestor had lived" or "followed the example of David his ancestor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1700,7 +1700,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 34 33 ma9c figs-metonymy 0 Josiah took away all Josiah would have commanded his workers to do this. Alternate translation: "Josiah commanded his workers to take away all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 34 33 w2ik figs-explicit 0 the disgusting things These are the idols that were repulsive to God. Alternate translation: "the disgusting idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 34 33 fu8n figs-synecdoche 0 For all of his days Josiah's life is represented by his "days." Alternate translation: "For all of his life" or "As long as Josiah was alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-2CH 35 intro abcz 0 # 2 Chronicles 35 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of King Josiah.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Passover
Josiah organized a large Passover celebration and people shared their animals with those without animals to sacrifice. The celebration of Passover was a sign of proper worship by the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])
+2CH 35 intro abcz 0 # 2 Chronicles 35 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of King Josiah.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Passover
Josiah organized a large Passover celebration and people shared their animals with those without animals to sacrifice. The celebration of Passover was a sign of proper worship by the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])
2CH 35 1 fxr9 0 Josiah kept a Passover to Yahweh Josiah commanded the people to celebrate the Passover that Yahweh had commanded their ancestors to celebrate.
2CH 35 1 bg3u 0 in Jerusalem Yahweh had commanded Moses that all the people of Israel were to go to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover.
2CH 35 1 ha3p translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourteenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@@ -1768,7 +1768,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 35 27 p9ah figs-activepassive 0 and his deeds ... are written in the book This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and men have written of all his deeds ... in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 35 27 dg5g figs-merism 0 his deeds, from beginning to end, This refers to all of the significant things that he did from the beginning of his reign as king to the end of his life. Alternate translation: "all of his deeds" or "everything he did from the beginning of his reign to when he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2CH 35 27 bzc6 0 the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This is a book that no longer exists.
-2CH 36 intro abc1 0 # 2 Chronicles 36 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Judah as an independent country.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Punishment
God warned the people through the prophets, that he would punish them if they did not worship Yahweh. The people refused to listen to the prophets or to stop their evil deeds. God finally punished them by letting the Babylonians conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
+2CH 36 intro abc1 0 # 2 Chronicles 36 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Judah as an independent country.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Punishment
God warned the people through the prophets, that he would punish them if they did not worship Yahweh. The people refused to listen to the prophets or to stop their evil deeds. God finally punished them by letting the Babylonians conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
2CH 36 1 l5tm translate-names 0 Jehoahaz This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 36 1 uya6 figs-metaphor 0 in his father's place The phrase "in his ... place" is a metaphor meaning "instead of him." Alternate translation: "instead of his father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 36 2 wjc8 translate-numbers 0 twenty-three years old ... three months "23 years old ... 3 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
diff --git a/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv b/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv
index 97593bb88..4d3cba49a 100644
--- a/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
EZR front intro fa5r 0 # Introduction to Ezra
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Ezra
1. The first Jewish exiles return to Jerusalem from Persia (1:1–2:70)
1. The people rebuild and dedicate the temple in Jerusalem (3:1–6:22)
1. More exiles return; Ezra teaches the Law of Yahweh (7:1-8:36)
1. The problem of the people marrying foreigners, and how it is solved (9:1–10:44)
### What is the Book of Ezra about?
The Book of Ezra is about how the people of Israel returned from Babylon and tried to worship Yahweh again as the law required. To do this they needed to rebuild their temple so they could sacrifice to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The Book of Ezra is named for the priest Ezra who led the first group of Jews out of exile and back to Judah. Translators can use the traditional title "Ezra." Or they might choose a clearer title, such as "The Book about Ezra."
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations?
Foreigners worshiped many false gods. Yahweh did not allow his people to marry foreigners. He knew this would cause the people of Israel to worship false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland?
Many of the Jews remained in Babylon instead of returning to the Promised Land. Many of them were successful in Babylon and desired to remain there. However, this meant that they were unable to worship Yahweh in Jerusalem as their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### How does the Book of Ezra use the term "Israel"?
The Book of Ezra uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah. It was mostly made up of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The other ten tribes had ended their loyalty to any kings descended from David. God allowed the Assyrians to conquer the other ten tribes and take them into exile. As a result, they mixed with other people groups and did not return to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])
### Are the events in the Book of Ezra told in the order that they actually happened?
Some of the events in the Book of Ezra are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order.
-EZR 1 intro dd25 0 # Ezra 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The chapter records the story of the first Jews as they return from Persia to Judea.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King Cyrus
King Cyrus allowed them to return because he wanted them to rebuild the temple. Those who stayed behind gave gifts to those who left to help them on their journey and resettlement. This practice was common under the reign of Cyrus and was used as a way to maintain peace throughout his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Jews
Upon return to Judea, the focus of the rest of the Old Testament is on the Jewish people.
+EZR 1 intro dd25 0 # Ezra 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The chapter records the story of the first Jews as they return from Persia to Judea.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### King Cyrus
King Cyrus allowed them to return because he wanted them to rebuild the temple. Those who stayed behind gave gifts to those who left to help them on their journey and resettlement. This practice was common under the reign of Cyrus and was used as a way to maintain peace throughout his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Jews
Upon return to Judea, the focus of the rest of the Old Testament is on the Jewish people.
EZR 1 1 p6b4 translate-ordinal 0 first year This refers to the beginning of the reign of King Cyrus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 1 1 y7r9 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh fulfilled his word that came from the mouth of Jeremiah Here "mouth" represents speaking. Alternate translation: "Yahweh did what Jeremiah prophesied that Yahweh would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 1 1 l953 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ EZR 1 9 y5g1 0 basins objects used to hold water for washing
EZR 1 10 yk1k translate-numbers 0 410 "30 ... 1,000 ... 29 ... four hundred and ten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 1 10 ja6u 0 bowls objects used to hold water for washing
EZR 1 11 z55f translate-numbers 0 5,400 ... in all "five thousand four hundred ... in all." This is the total number of items returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, which are listed above individually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-EZR 2 intro rr42 0 # Ezra 02 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Genealogy
People had to prove they were priests, or that they were Jews, through their genealogies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
+EZR 2 intro rr42 0 # Ezra 02 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Genealogy
People had to prove they were priests, or that they were Jews, through their genealogies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
EZR 2 1 ezk9 0 General Information: This begins a list of the names of people who returned from the exile.
EZR 2 1 byc2 figs-idiom 0 went up This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "returned" or "came back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 2 2 tmp8 translate-names 0 Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, and Baanah These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ EZR 2 69 qh93 translate-bmoney 0 gold darics A "daric" was a small gold coin us
EZR 2 69 ln9c translate-bweight 0 minas A mina is a unit of weight. One mina equals 550 grams. Minas are normally linked with measuring silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZR 2 69 h3zd 0 tunics garments worn next to the skin
EZR 2 70 w7fw 0 All the people in Israel were in their cities Everyone went back to their home towns in Judea. Not everyone resettled in Jerusalem.
-EZR 3 intro rp9a 0 # Ezra 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of worship in the new temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Rebuilding the temple
They immediately began the temple worship, even though the temple had not yet been built because they feared the people of the surrounding nations.
+EZR 3 intro rp9a 0 # Ezra 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of worship in the new temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Rebuilding the temple
They immediately began the temple worship, even though the temple had not yet been built because they feared the people of the surrounding nations.
EZR 3 1 a2ka translate-hebrewmonths 0 the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the early rain season. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 3 1 hwv6 figs-simile 0 as one man One man is in only one place and has only one purpose. Alternate translation: "for one purpose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZR 3 2 ua8i 0 Jeshua This is the name of a man. Translate the same as in [Ezra 2:36](../02/36.md).
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ EZR 3 11 ut4a figs-abstractnouns 0 His covenant faithfulness to Israel endures
EZR 3 12 xj13 figs-metonymy 0 first house This refers to the first temple that Solomon built, the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 3 12 rmy5 figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes The people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: "in their sight" or "and they saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZR 3 12 d9tw 0 wept loudly This refers to emotional expression of sorrow involving tears and vocal sounds.
-EZR 4 intro x878 0 # Ezra 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Helping to build the temple
The people of the surrounding nations offered to help to build the temple. It is unknown why the Jews refused their help. These other people became their enemies and tried to hinder the work. They even persuaded the king of Persia to stop the Jews from building.
+EZR 4 intro x878 0 # Ezra 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Helping to build the temple
The people of the surrounding nations offered to help to build the temple. It is unknown why the Jews refused their help. These other people became their enemies and tried to hinder the work. They even persuaded the king of Persia to stop the Jews from building.
EZR 4 1 v368 0 General Information: The non-Jewish people offer to help build the temple.
EZR 4 1 uie3 figs-activepassive 0 who had been exiled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom the Babylonians had taken into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 4 2 spx4 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ EZR 4 23 zq2h figs-activepassive 0 King Artaxerxes' decree was read This can be
EZR 4 23 s349 0 Rehum See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:1](../02/01.md).
EZR 4 23 qu4l 0 Shimshai See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:7](../04/07.md).
EZR 4 24 kj9i 0 the work on the house of God in Jerusalem stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius This delay lasted about 16 years.
-EZR 5 intro rn2j 0 # Ezra 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Rebuilding the temple
The prophets Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the Jews to begin again building the temple. This was very important to life in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
+EZR 5 intro rn2j 0 # Ezra 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Rebuilding the temple
The prophets Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the Jews to begin again building the temple. This was very important to life in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZR 5 1 bdb8 translate-names 0 Iddo This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 5 2 u7ce translate-names 0 Jeshua ... Jozadak These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 5 2 z38k 0 Shealtiel This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 3:1](../03/01.md).
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ EZR 5 16 myr8 0 constructed built
EZR 5 17 f4m4 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues. Tattenai has finished telling the king what the Judeans told him and now asks the king to see if what the Judeans told him was true.
EZR 5 17 abm5 figs-activepassive 0 may it be investigated This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I would like you to have someone investigate this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 5 17 vii9 0 if a judgment from King Cyrus exists there "if there is a record there that King Cyrus issued a law"
-EZR 6 intro y5d8 0 # Ezra 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The completion of the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship occurs in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Temple taxes
The king said the Jews were right and ordered money from his taxes to be used to help them with their sacrifices.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Darius
In this chapter, Darius is called the king of Assyria. In reality, besides ruling over the former Assyrian Empire, Darius was also king of Persia. Persia had conquered Babylon, which had previously conquered Assyria. This made the king of Persia, the king of Assyria as well. It was unusual to refer to Darius as the king or ruler of Assyria. Ezra may have referred to him in this way to contrast Darius' actions with those of the former rulers of Assyria, who had treated the Jews very cruelly. It was those earlier Assyrian rulers who had conquered the northern tribes of Israel and deported them to other lands. It was for this reasons that the northern tribes lost their identity and were no longer a distinct people group.
+EZR 6 intro y5d8 0 # Ezra 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The completion of the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship occurs in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Temple taxes
The king said the Jews were right and ordered money from his taxes to be used to help them with their sacrifices.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Darius
In this chapter, Darius is called the king of Assyria. In reality, besides ruling over the former Assyrian Empire, Darius was also king of Persia. Persia had conquered Babylon, which had previously conquered Assyria. This made the king of Persia, the king of Assyria as well. It was unusual to refer to Darius as the king or ruler of Assyria. Ezra may have referred to him in this way to contrast Darius' actions with those of the former rulers of Assyria, who had treated the Jews very cruelly. It was those earlier Assyrian rulers who had conquered the northern tribes of Israel and deported them to other lands. It was for this reasons that the northern tribes lost their identity and were no longer a distinct people group.
EZR 6 1 spf8 figs-abstractnouns 0 ordered an investigation The abstract noun "investigation" can be expressed with the verbs "investigate" or "search." Alternate translation: "ordered his officials to investigate" or "ordered his officials to search" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 6 1 pb3s figs-explicit 0 ordered an investigation What they were to investigate can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "ordered his officials to investigate the records" or "ordered his officials to search and find out if there was a record of King Cyrus telling the Jews to build the house of God in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 1 dze3 0 house of archives This is a building where the king's officials kept the important government records.
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ EZR 6 21 tyz7 figs-metaphor 0 sought Yahweh Seeking Yahweh represents choosing
EZR 6 22 k6q8 figs-metonymy 0 turned the heart of Assyria's king Turning the king's heart represents making him think differently about the work of the temple. Alternate translation: "changed the attitude of Assyria's king" or "made Assyria's king willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 6 22 x9ls figs-metaphor 0 to strengthen their hands in the work of his house Strengthening their hands in the work represents helping them to work. The Assyrian king did this by telling them to do the work and providing the money for it. Alternate translation: "to help them do the work of his house" or "to make it possible for them to do the work of his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 6 22 m7l7 0 the work of his house This refers to building the temple.
-EZR 7 intro p3he 0 # Ezra 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Ezra begins his religious reforms.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's Law
The people no longer know the law of Moses. Therefore, the king allows Ezra to return to Judea to teach the people about God's law. Many people go with him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
+EZR 7 intro p3he 0 # Ezra 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Ezra begins his religious reforms.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's Law
The people no longer know the law of Moses. Therefore, the king allows Ezra to return to Judea to teach the people about God's law. Many people go with him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
EZR 7 1 h549 0 General Information: Ezra's genealogy goes back to Aaron, the first high priest.
EZR 7 1 xe3c figs-explicit 0 Ezra came up from Babylon Where Ezra came up to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Ezra came up to Jerusalem from Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 1 n9di translate-names 0 Seraiah See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ EZR 7 27 w14w figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh's house This refers to Yahweh's temple" (S
EZR 7 28 y4zu figs-abstractnouns 0 who extended covenant faithfulness to me The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." Alternate translation: "who has been faithful to me" or "who has been loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 7 28 q1iu figs-metaphor 0 I have been strengthened Being strengthened represents being encouraged. Alternate translation: I am encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 7 28 gxx2 figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of Yahweh my God Here Yahweh's hand represents what he did to help Ezra. Alternate translation: "because Yahweh has helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZR 8 intro ye9m 0 # Ezra 08 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The people's return to Judah
Many people went back to Judah with Ezra. They trusted God to protect them and the precious items they carried with them, which had been given for the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+EZR 8 intro ye9m 0 # Ezra 08 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The people's return to Judah
Many people went back to Judah with Ezra. They trusted God to protect them and the precious items they carried with them, which had been given for the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
EZR 8 1 ss8d translate-names 0 General Information: There is an apparent shift in authorship beginning here. Chapters 1-7 were written as if the author were writing about Ezra. Chapter 8 was written as if the author were Ezra. Verses 2-14 are a list of leaders and their ancestors. All of them are men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 8 2 m2b9 0 Of the descendants of Phinehas, Gershom This is the first item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." Alternate translation: "The leader of the descendants of Phinehas was Gershom" or "Gershom was the leader of the descendants of Phinehas"
EZR 8 2 i7e9 0 Of the descendants of Ithamar, Daniel This is the second item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." Alternate translation: "The leader of the descendants of Ithamar was Daniel" or "Daniel was the leader of the descendants of Ithamar"
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ EZR 8 35 gxu7 0 The ones who came back from the captivity ... the people of ex
EZR 8 35 lgl7 translate-numbers 0 twelve ... ninety-six ... seventy-seven ... twelve "12 ... 96 ... 77 ... 12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 8 36 r5gu 0 the governors in the Province Beyond the River These were the Babylonian officials managing the people west of the Euphrates River, which included the people living in Judea.
EZR 8 36 d38g translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. It included Judea. See how you translated it in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-EZR 9 intro k1yz 0 # Ezra 09 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Intermarriage
When Ezra found out that many Jews had married Gentile wives, he prayed to God and asked God why he had been so good to them by letting these few people return from captivity even though they sinned by marrying Gentile wives. They did this before and God had punished them for it. God forbid this type of marriage because it caused the people to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+EZR 9 intro k1yz 0 # Ezra 09 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Intermarriage
When Ezra found out that many Jews had married Gentile wives, he prayed to God and asked God why he had been so good to them by letting these few people return from captivity even though they sinned by marrying Gentile wives. They did this before and God had punished them for it. God forbid this type of marriage because it caused the people to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
EZR 9 1 kb76 0 have not separated themselves have married people from other lands and have adopted their religion
EZR 9 3 qhy7 0 When I heard this When Ezra heard that many Israelites had married foreign women and were worshiping their gods
EZR 9 3 ck87 figs-explicit 0 I tore apart my clothing and robe and pulled out hair from my head and beard Ezra was showing everyone how unhappy he was that people were doing things that offended God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ EZR 9 14 mn62 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not be angry ... escape? This can be tr
EZR 9 15 qhg9 0 Look "Pay attention to what I am about to say"
EZR 9 15 a177 0 We are here before you in our guilt "You can see that we are all guilty"
EZR 9 15 lh5h 0 there is no one who can stand before you "you do not think that any person is innocent"
-EZR 10 intro ah4y 0 # Ezra 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Intermarriages
The people agree to divorce their Gentile wives. Many Jews were involved in these mixed marriages. Divorce should not normally have been common for the Jews to engage in, but marriage with non-Jewish women was not allowed.
+EZR 10 intro ah4y 0 # Ezra 10 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Intermarriages
The people agree to divorce their Gentile wives. Many Jews were involved in these mixed marriages. Divorce should not normally have been common for the Jews to engage in, but marriage with non-Jewish women was not allowed.
EZR 10 1 ufb1 figs-pronouns 0 As Ezra prayed and confessed ... threw himself down Ezra speaks of himself as if he were someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
EZR 10 1 ekt7 0 threw himself down quickly went from standing to lying facedown
EZR 10 1 vcs1 0 before God's house in front of the temple
diff --git a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv
index f8a7c4c88..8c30b0b45 100644
--- a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
NEH front intro k2y2 0 # Introduction to Nehemiah
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Nehemiah
1. Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem and inspects the walls (1:1-2:20)
1. The people rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (3:1-4:23)
1. Nehemiah helps the poor and provides an unselfish example (5:1–19)
1. Enemies try to slow down the work, but the people finish the walls (6:1–19)
1. Nehemiah lists the people who returned from exile (7:6–73)
1. Ezra reads the Law of Yahweh and the people respond (8:1-10:39)
1. Nehemiah lists the people who lived in and around Jerusalem (11:1–36)
1. Nehemiah lists the priests and Levites (12:1–26)
1. The people dedicate the walls of Jerusalem (12:27–47)
1. Nehemiah corrects problems (13:1–31)
### What is the Book of Nehemiah about?
A Jew named Nehemiah lived in Persia and worked for King Artaxerxes. Nehemiah received a report that the walls around Jerusalem were broken down. Nehemiah returned to Jerusalem to help rebuild the city walls. The walls around the city helped protect the city against armies and invaders.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The Book of Nehemiah is named for a Jewish leader named Nehemiah. Translators can use the traditional title "Nehemiah." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Book about Nehemiah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations?
Foreigners worshiped many false gods. Yahweh did not allow his people to marry foreigners. He knew this would cause the people of Israel to worship false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland?
Many of the Jews remained in Babylon instead of returning to the Promised Land. Many of them were successful in Babylon and desired to remain there. However, this meant that they were unable to worship Yahweh in Jerusalem as their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### How does the Book of Nehemiah use the term "Israel"?
The Book of Nehemiah uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah. It was mostly made up of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The other ten tribes had ended their loyalty to any kings descended from David. God allowed the Assyrians to conquer the other ten tribes and take them into exile. As a result, they mixed with other people groups and did not return to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])
### Are the events in the Book of Nehemiah told in the order that they actually happened?
Some of the events in the Book of Nehemiah are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order.
-NEH 1 intro y5jf 0 # Nehemiah 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah:"
This phrase serves as an introduction to this entire book.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Repentance
This chapter is a single long record of Nehemiah's repentance on behalf of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### I
While the author of this book is probably Ezra, the word "I" always refers to Nehemiah.
#### Israel
It is uncertain to whom "Israel" refers. It probably does not refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Neither does it likely refer to the twelve tribes of Israel. Instead, it is probably a reference to Israel in the sense of the surviving people group. At Nehemiah's time, this people group exclusively comprised the tribe of Judah because the other tribes had already been scattered throughout the entire Near East, where they lost their identity, for the most part.
+NEH 1 intro y5jf 0 # Nehemiah 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
### "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah:"
This phrase serves as an introduction to this entire book.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Repentance
This chapter is a single long record of Nehemiah's repentance on behalf of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### I
While the author of this book is probably Ezra, the word "I" always refers to Nehemiah.
### Israel
It is uncertain to whom "Israel" refers. It probably does not refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Neither does it likely refer to the twelve tribes of Israel. Instead, it is probably a reference to Israel in the sense of the surviving people group. At Nehemiah's time, this people group exclusively comprised the tribe of Judah because the other tribes had already been scattered throughout the entire Near East, where they lost their identity, for the most part.
NEH 1 1 bi9h translate-names 0 Nehemiah ... Hakaliah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 1 1 qd3e translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Kislev "Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 1 1 hn28 figs-explicit 0 in the twentieth year Nehemiah is referring to the number of years that Artaxerxes had been reigning as king. Alternate translation: "in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ NEH 1 11 hk3z figs-metonymy 0 who delight to honor your name Here "name" repres
NEH 1 11 kr99 0 grant him mercy in the sight of this man Here "him" refers to Nehemiah, who refers to himself in the third person to express his humility before God, and "this man" refers to Artaxerxes, the king of Persia.
NEH 1 11 r7af figs-metaphor 0 in the sight of this man Nehemiah speaks of the king's attitude or disposition as if it were how the king viewed something. Alternate translation: "grant that the king will have mercy on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 1 11 h9hl writing-background 0 I served as cupbearer to the king This is background information about Nehemiah's role in the king's court. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-NEH 2 intro mj1d 0 # Nehemiah 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the account of the construction of the wall. Many scholars believe these chapters teach valuable lessons on leadership ([Nehemiah 2-6](./01.md)).
#### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Nehemiah's character
Apparently, Nehemiah's character made an impression on the king. It was very unusual for a king to be so concerned with one of his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
#### Cultural Customs
In ancient Persia, they thought it was important for their conquered peoples to practice their own cultural customs. It was thought that this independence promoted peace in their vast kingdom. The rebuilding of Jerusalem may have been seen as a way to allow for the Jewish cultural practices.
#### Yahweh's control
Yahweh is seen as very powerful. He is able to provide for his people, even through a foreign king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
+NEH 2 intro mj1d 0 # Nehemiah 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the account of the construction of the wall. Many scholars believe these chapters teach valuable lessons on leadership ([Nehemiah 2-6](./01.md)).
### Special concepts in this chapter
### Nehemiah's character
Apparently, Nehemiah's character made an impression on the king. It was very unusual for a king to be so concerned with one of his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
### Cultural Customs
In ancient Persia, they thought it was important for their conquered peoples to practice their own cultural customs. It was thought that this independence promoted peace in their vast kingdom. The rebuilding of Jerusalem may have been seen as a way to allow for the Jewish cultural practices.
### Yahweh's control
Yahweh is seen as very powerful. He is able to provide for his people, even through a foreign king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
NEH 2 1 h3hu translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the month of Nisan "Nisan" is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
NEH 2 1 l63f translate-ordinal 0 in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king "in the 20th year that Artaxerxes was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NEH 2 1 k1vf writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Nehemiah tells background information about his demeanor before the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ NEH 2 19 ww1k figs-rquestion 0 What are you doing? Are you rebelling against th
NEH 2 19 u8ri 0 the king This refers to Artaxerses, the king of Persia.
NEH 2 20 iv9x figs-idiom 0 will arise and build This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "will begin rebuilding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 2 20 a4e6 0 But you have no share, no right, and no historic claim in Jerusalem "But you have no share, legal right, or religious claim to Jerusalem"
-NEH 3 intro dfw6 0 # Nehemiah 03 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Priests
The priests worked on rebuilding the city. Normally, the priests were exempt from this type of work. Because they helped, it emphasizes that this is a holy work and something done for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
#### Cooperation
Everyone worked on this project. Many names are mentioned to emphasize the cooperation between the different families. Each was given a section of the wall to rebuild.
+NEH 3 intro dfw6 0 # Nehemiah 03 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Priests
The priests worked on rebuilding the city. Normally, the priests were exempt from this type of work. Because they helped, it emphasizes that this is a holy work and something done for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
### Cooperation
Everyone worked on this project. Many names are mentioned to emphasize the cooperation between the different families. Each was given a section of the wall to rebuild.
NEH 3 1 ald8 0 Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brother priests "Then Eliashib the high priest came forward with his brothers, the priests"
NEH 3 1 g9az translate-names 0 Eliashib This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 3 1 r9wn translate-numbers 0 Tower of the Hundred "Tower of the 100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ NEH 3 31 ye2u 0 merchants "sellers" or "traders"
NEH 3 31 r6sv 0 upper living chambers the higher-level rooms where people stayed
NEH 3 32 p1kr figs-ellipsis 0 merchants repaired These words refer to repairing the wall. Alternate translation: "merchants repaired the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 3 32 x1tq 0 Sheep Gate This is the name of an entranceway in the wall.
-NEH 4 intro tlj9 0 # Nehemiah 04 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Dedication
The people were so dedicated to rebuilding the walls that they worked with their weapons ready for battle right next to them. Even when they were threatened with an attack, they continued to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical Questions
Sanballat uses a series of rhetorical questions. These are intended to show his intense anger against the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+NEH 4 intro tlj9 0 # Nehemiah 04 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Dedication
The people were so dedicated to rebuilding the walls that they worked with their weapons ready for battle right next to them. Even when they were threatened with an attack, they continued to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical Questions
Sanballat uses a series of rhetorical questions. These are intended to show his intense anger against the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NEH 4 1 rnw3 0 Now when Sanballat Here Nehemiah uses the word "now" to signal a new part of the story.
NEH 4 1 vfu4 translate-names 0 Sanballat This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 4 1 s6td figs-metaphor 0 it burned within him, and he was furiously angry Here "it" refers to Sanballat's realization that the Jews are rebuilding the walls. This speaks of Sanballat becoming very angry as if his anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: "he became furiously angry" or "he became very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ NEH 4 21 w4uu 0 from the rising of the dawn until the coming out of the stars
NEH 4 21 jl3h figs-metonymy 0 the rising of the dawn It is the point in time that the sun rises that is "dawn." Here the sun rising is spoken of as if the "dawn" rose. Alternate translation: "the rising of the sun" or "dawn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 4 22 r87p 0 in the middle of Jerusalem "within Jerusalem"
NEH 4 23 v2e1 0 changed our clothes "took off our clothes"
-NEH 5 intro k7pb 0 # Nehemiah 05 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Equality
The rich made money from the poor. The rich oppressed the poor by charging interest on loans. Because Nehemiah wanted to treat everyone fairly, he did not collect any taxes from them. This chapter also emphasizes that it was wrong to enslave a fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
#### Governor
Nehemiah was a governmental leader in Jerusalem, but he was not a king. Jerusalem had a great deal of independence, but it was under the authority of the Persian king. The term "governor" reflects this idea, but a different term may be used in translation.
+NEH 5 intro k7pb 0 # Nehemiah 05 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Equality
The rich made money from the poor. The rich oppressed the poor by charging interest on loans. Because Nehemiah wanted to treat everyone fairly, he did not collect any taxes from them. This chapter also emphasizes that it was wrong to enslave a fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
### Governor
Nehemiah was a governmental leader in Jerusalem, but he was not a king. Jerusalem had a great deal of independence, but it was under the authority of the Persian king. The term "governor" reflects this idea, but a different term may be used in translation.
NEH 5 1 za4u figs-explicit 0 Then the men and their wives raised a great outcry against their fellow Jews Since they were working on the wall, the workers did not have enough time to work to buy and grow food for their families. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 5 1 czx5 0 the men and their wives This refers to the men who were working on building the wall.
NEH 5 1 zmb8 figs-abstractnouns 0 raised a great outcry The word "outcry" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "cried out loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ NEH 5 18 gqe2 0 wine in abundance "enough wine for everyone"
NEH 5 18 sp6n 0 yet for all this I did not demand the food allowance of the governor "yet I never asked for the governor's food allowance"
NEH 5 19 ny8l figs-idiom 0 Call me to mind This is an idiom. It is a request for God to think about him and remember him. Alternate translation: "Remember me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 5 19 mil3 figs-idiom 0 for good This idiom is a request for God to reward him with good things because of the good that he has done for the people. Alternate translation: "and reward me" or "cause good to happen to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-NEH 6 intro k4df 0 # Nehemiah 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The building of the wall is completed in this chapter.
The ULT sets the lines in 6:6-7 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Miracle
Completing this city wall in only fifty-two days was considered proof that God had helped the Jews, especially given the opposition that they had experienced from the people in surrounding areas.
+NEH 6 intro k4df 0 # Nehemiah 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The building of the wall is completed in this chapter.
The ULT sets the lines in 6:6-7 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Miracle
Completing this city wall in only fifty-two days was considered proof that God had helped the Jews, especially given the opposition that they had experienced from the people in surrounding areas.
NEH 6 1 gd7c translate-names 0 Sanballat ... Tobiah These are the names of men. See how you translated them in [Nehemiah 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 6 1 bxn2 translate-names 0 Geshem This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 6 1 vi6v figs-synecdoche 0 I had rebuilt the wall ... I had not yet Nehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall and did not build it by himself. Alternate translation: "we had rebuilt the wall ... we had not yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ NEH 6 18 id1x translate-names 0 Arah ... Jehohanan These are the names of men.
NEH 6 18 y3lg translate-names 0 Meshullam ... Berechiah These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:4](../03/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 6 19 mj72 0 They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him "The Jewish nobles told me about Tobiah's good deeds and then told him about my responses"
NEH 6 19 e3zt figs-activepassive 0 Letters were sent to me from Tobiah This can be stated in active form. Tobiah sent messengers to bring the letters to Nehemiah. Alternate translation: "Tobiah sent letters to me" or "Tobiah sent messengers to bring letters to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-NEH 7 intro qk4v 0 # Nehemiah 07 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Genealogy
The people who returned from Persia were counted according to their families. Nehemiah ensured that those who lived in Jerusalem had a completely Jewish ancestry.
#### Different lists
This list is paralleled in [Ezra 2](../../ezr/02/01.md). The lists do contain some differences in numbers. This is probably due to the timing of their counting. They were likely counted at different times.
+NEH 7 intro qk4v 0 # Nehemiah 07 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Genealogy
The people who returned from Persia were counted according to their families. Nehemiah ensured that those who lived in Jerusalem had a completely Jewish ancestry.
### Different lists
This list is paralleled in [Ezra 2](../../ezr/02/01.md). The lists do contain some differences in numbers. This is probably due to the timing of their counting. They were likely counted at different times.
NEH 7 1 g3zz figs-activepassive 0 When the wall was finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When we had finished the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 1 fk6l figs-synecdoche 0 I had set up the doors in place This was done with help. Alternate translation: "I and others hung the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NEH 7 1 wkp3 figs-activepassive 0 the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: 1) Nehemiah appointed them. Alternate translation: "I assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks" or 2) Someone else appointed them. Alternate translation: "they assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ NEH 7 73 jaj3 figs-explicit 0 some of the people The implied information is tha
NEH 7 73 znc4 0 all Israel Possible meanings are: 1) all the groups of Israelites that are listed in this verse or 2) the rest of the Israelites who did not work in the temple.
NEH 7 73 n26r translate-ordinal 0 the seventh month "month 7." This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
NEH 7 73 gdj2 0 were settled in their cities "lived in their own cities"
-NEH 8 intro w38v 0 # Nehemiah 08 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Reading of the law
During the exile, the Hebrew language was no longer spoken. Only the priests and Levites still understood it. Ezra read the book of the law to the people in Hebrew and the Levites walked among the crowd translating it into Aramaic for the people to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
#### Festival of Shelters
After they heard Ezra read the law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt.
+NEH 8 intro w38v 0 # Nehemiah 08 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Reading of the law
During the exile, the Hebrew language was no longer spoken. Only the priests and Levites still understood it. Ezra read the book of the law to the people in Hebrew and the Levites walked among the crowd translating it into Aramaic for the people to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
### Festival of Shelters
After they heard Ezra read the law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt.
NEH 8 1 q5ih figs-hyperbole 0 All the people gathered as one man The word "all" is a generalization that indicates the people as a whole came together. Alternate translation: "The people gathered all together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NEH 8 1 f6t8 0 Water Gate This was the name of a large opening or doorway in the wall.
NEH 8 1 fdh4 0 the book of the law of Moses This would have been all or part of the first five books of the Old Testament.
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ NEH 8 18 c1cp 0 They kept the festival "They made a feast" or "They celebrated
NEH 8 18 er1u translate-ordinal 0 on the eighth day "on day 8" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NEH 8 18 sfx4 0 solemn assembly This was a special religious gathering.
NEH 8 18 cey3 figs-explicit 0 in obedience to the decree The implied information is that "the decree" was the command of Yahweh about how the Festival of Shelters was to end. Alternate translation: "as God had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-NEH 9 intro sj1h 0 # Nehemiah 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter and the next one form a single section.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Prayer to God
The people prayed and thanked God for his care for them and the blessings he gave to them. They also confessed their sin of disobeying him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
#### Learning from their ancestor's mistakes
This chapter teaches that the Jews learned from the mistakes of their ancestors. They became determined to worship Yahweh alone, to not intermarry with other peoples, and to worship Yahweh as the law of Moses instructed them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
#### Recalling the great power of God
It was common to recall the great things God did for Israel. This is a reminder to Israel of God's power. It is intended to bring the people to repentance and proper worship of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
+NEH 9 intro sj1h 0 # Nehemiah 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter and the next one form a single section.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Prayer to God
The people prayed and thanked God for his care for them and the blessings he gave to them. They also confessed their sin of disobeying him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Learning from their ancestor's mistakes
This chapter teaches that the Jews learned from the mistakes of their ancestors. They became determined to worship Yahweh alone, to not intermarry with other peoples, and to worship Yahweh as the law of Moses instructed them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
### Recalling the great power of God
It was common to recall the great things God did for Israel. This is a reminder to Israel of God's power. It is intended to bring the people to repentance and proper worship of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
NEH 9 1 w8w8 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the twenty-fourth day of the same month "the twenty-fourth day of the seventh month" This is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NEH 9 1 lm7m 0 the people of Israel were assembled "the people of Israel came together"
NEH 9 1 irv4 figs-explicit 0 they were wearing sackcloth, and they put dust on their heads This was in order to show how sorry they were for the wrong things they and their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ NEH 9 37 x15l 0 They rule The kings rule.
NEH 9 38 g7s3 0 Connecting Statement: In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel.
NEH 9 38 t4ag 0 Because of all this because the people had disobeyed and Yahweh had punished them
NEH 9 38 xee9 0 On the sealed document are the names The reader should understand that the men wrote their names on the document before it was sealed.
-NEH 10 intro m17y 0 # Nehemiah 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter concludes the passage beginning in chapter 9.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The vow
By signing this document, the people vowed or agreed to obey God, not to buy things on the Sabbath and to pay their temple tax. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+NEH 10 intro m17y 0 # Nehemiah 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter concludes the passage beginning in chapter 9.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The vow
By signing this document, the people vowed or agreed to obey God, not to buy things on the Sabbath and to pay their temple tax. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
NEH 10 1 ijh7 0 Connecting Statement: Here begins a list of the people whose names were on the sealed document.
NEH 10 1 jc8x figs-explicit 0 On the sealed documents were Nehemiah ... Zedekiah The names of these people were written on the documents. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "On the sealed documents were the names of Nehemiah ... Zedekiah" or "On the sealed documents were the names of the following people: Nehemiah ... Zedekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 10 1 j4ny 0 sealed documents The documents were sealed after the names had been signed on the documents.
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ NEH 10 39 qzf8 0 General Information: In these verses, the people finish descr
NEH 10 39 ss5h figs-activepassive 0 the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are kept This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the rooms where the priests keep the things that are used in the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 10 39 u1sq 0 We will not neglect the house of our God This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "We will care for the temple"
NEH 10 39 b23h figs-exclusive 0 We will The pronoun "we" here includes Nehemiah and all the people of Israel but does not include the reader of this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-NEH 11 intro xja1 0 # Nehemiah 11 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The places where the Jews lived
Some people lived in Jerusalem, but most people lived in villages and towns away from Jerusalem. They lived there in order to farm the land raise their animals. The city with its walls was there to provide all of the people with protection if enemies attacked them.
+NEH 11 intro xja1 0 # Nehemiah 11 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The places where the Jews lived
Some people lived in Jerusalem, but most people lived in villages and towns away from Jerusalem. They lived there in order to farm the land raise their animals. The city with its walls was there to provide all of the people with protection if enemies attacked them.
NEH 11 1 e2yg 0 the people cast lots "the people threw marked stones"
NEH 11 1 beq5 0 to bring one of ten "to bring one family out of every ten families"
NEH 11 3 l7mb 0 on his own land, including some Israelites "on his own land: Israelites"
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ NEH 11 33 jwf7 translate-names 0 Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim These are the names of p
NEH 11 34 e1ls translate-names 0 Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 35 qu5n translate-names 0 the valley of craftsmen Possible meanings are 1) this is a description of Ono or 2) it is "Craftsmen's Valley" or "the Valley of Craftsmen," another name for Ono, or 3) it is a different place from Ono, "and the Valley of Craftsmen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 36 y212 figs-activepassive 0 Some of the Levites who lived in Judah were assigned to the people of Benjamin It is not clear who assigned these Levites to live with the people of Benjamin. Alternate translation: "They assigned some of the Levites who lived in Judah to serve the people of Benjamin" or "The officials assigned some of the Levites who lived in Judah to serve the people of Benjamin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-NEH 12 intro xmt3 0 # Nehemiah 12 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Dedication of the wall
In the ancient Near East, it was common to dedicate an important structure to a god. When it was completed, the wall was dedicated to Yahweh. Long lists of people are present, indicating that "everyone" was present for this and praised Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+NEH 12 intro xmt3 0 # Nehemiah 12 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Dedication of the wall
In the ancient Near East, it was common to dedicate an important structure to a god. When it was completed, the wall was dedicated to Yahweh. Long lists of people are present, indicating that "everyone" was present for this and praised Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
NEH 12 1 ixs5 0 who came up "who arrived from Babylonia"
NEH 12 1 b4x7 0 with Zerubbabel "under the leadership of Zerubbabel"
NEH 12 1 b8ry translate-names 0 Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Jeshua ... Seraiah ... Jeremiah ... Ezra These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ NEH 12 46 py1c 0 there were directors of singers This sentence tells why the p
NEH 12 47 flz7 0 In the days of Zerubbabel Zerubbabel was a descendant of King David and one of the governors in the region of Judah.
NEH 12 47 mu9s 0 They set aside the portion "All Israel set aside the portion"
NEH 12 47 e72p 0 the descendants of Aaron the priests in Israel, who descended from Aaron, the brother of Moses
-NEH 13 intro tm5a 0 # Nehemiah 13 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem
Nehemiah was eager to make sure that the Jews kept their promise to obey the law. When he returned from Persia, he found many things wrong: one of the store rooms in the temple had been converted into a guest room for Tobiah, the Levites had not received their portions for working in the temple, people were working on the Sabbath, and many had married heathen wives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
+NEH 13 intro tm5a 0 # Nehemiah 13 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem
Nehemiah was eager to make sure that the Jews kept their promise to obey the law. When he returned from Persia, he found many things wrong: one of the store rooms in the temple had been converted into a guest room for Tobiah, the Levites had not received their portions for working in the temple, people were working on the Sabbath, and many had married heathen wives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
NEH 13 1 k9za 0 in the hearing of the people "so that the people could hear it"
NEH 13 1 j6si 0 should come into the assembly of God, forever "should ever come into the assembly of God"
NEH 13 2 tf8z 0 This was because "They could not come into the assembly because"
diff --git a/en_tn_17-EST.tsv b/en_tn_17-EST.tsv
index 4fae640cf..318756130 100644
--- a/en_tn_17-EST.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_17-EST.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
EST front intro d989 0 # Introduction to Esther
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Esther
1. King Ahasuerus sends away his wife, the queen (1:1–22)
1. Ahasuerus chooses Esther as the new queen (2:1–23)
1. Haman plots to destroy the Jews (3:1–15)
1. Mordecai asks Esther to help her people (4:1–17)
1. Esther pleads with the king for the Jews (5:1–7:10)
1. The result of Haman's plot to destroy the Jews (8:1–9:16)
1. The Feast of Purim (9:17–32)
1. Conclusion (10:1–3)
### What is the Book of Esther about?
The Book of Esther tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia. As queen, she worked to save all the Jews in the Persian Empire from being destroyed.
This book ends by telling why the Jews celebrate the festival of Purim. The name "Purim" comes from the word "pur." It means "lots" or "dice." Haman, the enemy of Jews, threw dice to choose when to attack and destroy the Jews. The Jews celebrate Purim to remember how Yahweh rescued his people from being destroyed.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators can use the traditional title of this book, which is "The Book of Esther" or just "Esther." Or they can choose a clearer title, such as "The Book About Esther."
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What was the Persian Empire?
King Cyrus the Great conquered and ruled over many kingdoms. This was in the part of the world called Persia, which is now Iran. So people named his kingdom the Persian Empire. When Cyrus conquered Babylonia in 539 B.C., he then controlled the Jews whom the Babylonians had exiled.
### Why were there Jews in Babylonia when the Persians conquered it?
In 586 B.C., the Babylonians conquered and took into exile the people of Judah. These Jews and their descendants were still in Babylon when the Persians conquered it.
### What was meant by "the laws of the Medes and Persians"?
The phrase "the laws of the Medes and Persians" is found in Esther 1:19 and Daniel 6:12. It referred to laws and decrees that could not be changed or removed once they were issued. In the book of Esther, the king made a decree that the people could attack the Jews. Later he regretted that decision but he was not able to change the decree.
The term "Medes" refers to a people group that had formed its own nation, but the Persians conquered them.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What different levels of language are in the Book of Esther?
In the Book of Esther, people talk to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately talk in the Persian court and the words of royal decrees. Friends and close relatives also talk to each other. There are even the words that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways their own language has to express these different situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand.
-EST 1 intro v1fp 0 # Esther 01 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The king's divorce
The king's advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the king's guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her.
+EST 1 intro v1fp 0 # Esther 01 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The king's divorce
The king's advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the king's guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her.
EST 1 1 zzz2 0 In the days of Ahasuerus "In the time of Ahasuerus" or "When Ahasuerus was ruling as king"
EST 1 1 v5ts writing-background 0 this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces This is background information to help the reader identify Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 1 1 k8tn 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ EST 1 21 p5us translate-names 0 Memukan Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](
EST 1 22 n1pr 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 1 22 jj9n 0 every man should be master of his own household "all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children"
EST 1 22 e481 figs-activepassive 0 This decree was given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They wrote this decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-EST 2 intro eb4q 0 # Esther 02 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Esther becomes queen
Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen.
#### Mordecai warns the king against a plot
Esther's cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.
+EST 2 intro eb4q 0 # Esther 02 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Esther becomes queen
Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen.
### Mordecai warns the king against a plot
Esther's cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.
EST 2 1 dpc3 writing-newevent 0 After these things This introduces a new event that happened a while later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 2 1 e4lp 0 the anger of King Ahasuerus subsided "the king became less angry"
EST 2 1 xpt9 0 the decree This is refers to the decree in [Esther 1:19-20](../01/19.md).
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ EST 2 22 dgp3 figs-idiom 0 in the name of Mordecai This is an idiom. Alternate
EST 2 23 ld4y figs-activepassive 0 The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hanged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The king investigated and confirmed the report, and ordered his servants to hang both men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 23 y28j translate-unknown 0 a gallows This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. Alternate translation: "a frame for hanging people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 2 23 g9nh figs-activepassive 0 This account was written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They recorded this account" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-EST 3 intro zb26 0 # Esther 03 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Haman plots against the Jews
Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire.
+EST 3 intro zb26 0 # Esther 03 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Haman plots against the Jews
Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire.
EST 3 1 mm4c writing-newevent 0 After these things This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 3 1 ir5v translate-names 0 Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 1 ptm4 figs-idiom 0 placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him Here "seat of authority" represents his position or status in the government. Alternate translation: "promoted him above the other officials" or "gave him more authority than all the other officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ EST 3 15 i12c figs-activepassive 0 The decree was also distributed This can be
EST 3 15 m927 0 the fortress This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
EST 3 15 nlk8 translate-names 0 Susa See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 15 wm4u 0 was in turmoil "was in a state of great confusion"
-EST 4 intro z7u2 0 # Esther 04 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Mordecai warns Esther to act
Mordecai tells Esther she must beg the king for the Jews' lives, even if she risks her own death.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Implicit information
There is implicit information translators may not understand. "Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?" This means "maybe God made you the queen so you could save the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+EST 4 intro z7u2 0 # Esther 04 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Mordecai warns Esther to act
Mordecai tells Esther she must beg the king for the Jews' lives, even if she risks her own death.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Implicit information
There is implicit information translators may not understand. "Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?" This means "maybe God made you the queen so you could save the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 1 nya6 0 learned of all that had been done "found out about those letters"
EST 4 1 vgy8 translate-symaction 0 tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes These acts are signs of severe sadness. Alternate translation: "tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes to show his grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 3 e73y 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ EST 4 14 dtg7 figs-rquestion 0 Who knows whether you have come to this royal po
EST 4 16 d6cq translate-names 0 Susa See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 4 16 t2wg translate-symaction 0 fast for me ... will fast Fasting was a symbolic act that the Jews did when they were praying intensely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "fast and pray for me ... will fast and pray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 16 qw8v translate-numbers 0 three days "3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-EST 5 intro k5ff 0 # Esther 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a section about Haman's fall (Chapters 5-7).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Esther's respect
Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+EST 5 intro k5ff 0 # Esther 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a section about Haman's fall (Chapters 5-7).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Esther's respect
Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 1 uk7p 0 facing the entrance to the house "across the room from the entrance of the house" or "looking toward the entrance to the house"
EST 5 2 pw4x figs-metaphor 0 she received approval in his eyes The word "eyes" refers to his sight and is a metaphor for his evaluation of her. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he was pleased with her" or "he approved of her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 5 2 uu8s 0 He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand He did this to show that he he was pleased with her.
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ EST 5 14 i2f3 translate-unknown 0 a gallows a structure used for killing a pers
EST 5 14 k8zd translate-numbers 0 fifty cubits high "50 cubits high." You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "twenty-three meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST 5 14 i8is 0 he had the gallows constructed "he told people to construct the gallows"
EST 5 14 bbs9 0 This pleased Haman "Haman liked this idea"
-EST 6 intro i9x7 0 # Esther 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter continues the story of Haman's fall.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Approaching the king
It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.
+EST 6 intro i9x7 0 # Esther 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter continues the story of Haman's fall.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Approaching the king
It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.
EST 6 2 syd9 translate-names 0 Bigthana and Teresh These are the names of two men. See how your translated their names in [Esther 2:21](../02/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 6 2 u4gi figs-metaphor 0 It was found recorded there Here "found" is an metaphor for learning. Both "found" and "recorded" can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "They found that the writers had recorded there" or "They learned that the writers had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 3 lmz6 figs-activepassive 0 What was done to give honor This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "What did I do to give honor" or "What did we do to give honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ EST 6 12 uri5 translate-symaction 0 with his head covered People often covered
EST 6 13 pkd2 translate-names 0 Zeresh See how you translated this woman's name in [Esther 6:13](../06/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 6 13 fd5k figs-metaphor 0 before whom you have begun to fall ... you will certainly fall before him They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle, and Haman was beginning to lose the battle. Here "to fall" represents being dishonored and defeated. Alternate translation: "who has already humiliated you ... he will certainly defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 13 nan5 figs-metaphor 0 you will not overcome him "you will not win against him." They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle. Here overcoming a person represents having greater honor than that person. Alternate translation: "you will not have greater honor than he has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EST 7 intro x4w3 0 # Esther 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Haman's fall concludes in this chapter.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Covering Haman's face
When "the servants covered Haman's face," they were showing that he had been condemned to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]])
+EST 7 intro x4w3 0 # Esther 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The story of Haman's fall concludes in this chapter.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Covering Haman's face
When "the servants covered Haman's face," they were showing that he had been condemned to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]])
EST 7 1 n8vb translate-names 0 Haman See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 7 2 xt9f 0 On this second day "on this second day of feasting"
EST 7 2 s5ae 0 while they were serving wine "while the servants were pouring the wine and giving it to them"
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ EST 7 8 ju8q figs-explicit 0 the servants covered Haman's face Apparently they
EST 7 9 a7ic translate-names 0 Harbona This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 7 9 sre1 translate-numbers 0 A gallows fifty cubits tall You may convert "fifty cubits" to a modern measure. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: "A gallows twenty-three meters high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST 7 10 umd4 figs-metaphor 0 Then the king's rage died down The king's rage is a spoken of as if it were a large fire that became smaller. Alternate translation: "Then the king's rage lessened" or "Then the king was not so angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EST 8 intro z6j7 0 # Esther 08 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's protection
Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.
+EST 8 intro z6j7 0 # Esther 08 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's protection
Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.
EST 8 1 nm3u 0 Haman See how you translated this man's name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md).
EST 8 2 m5hz translate-unknown 0 signet ring This ring had the king's name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king's authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:10](../03/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 8 2 z5yn 0 gave it to Mordecai By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey.
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ EST 8 17 k1eh 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries
EST 8 17 va7t figs-metaphor 0 wherever the king's decree reached Reaching places represents going to places. Alternate translation: "wherever the king's men took his decree" or "wherever the king's decree was read" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 17 p89m 0 holiday day on which people celebrate special events
EST 8 17 r3qf figs-metaphor 0 the fear of the Jews had fallen on them Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. Alternate translation: "they had become very afraid of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EST 9 intro yty1 0 # Esther 09 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Purim
The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as "Purim."
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Ironic Situation
The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony.
+EST 9 intro yty1 0 # Esther 09 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Purim
The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as "Purim."
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Ironic Situation
The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony.
EST 9 1 t9yc 0 the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
EST 9 1 wh56 figs-idiom 0 when the king's law and decree were about to be carried out "Carry out" here is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when the people were about to obey the king's law and decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 9 1 ect2 figs-idiom 0 to gain power over them Gaining power over people is an idiom for defeating them. Alternate translation: "to defeat the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ EST 9 30 u389 translate-numbers 0 127 provinces "one hundred and twenty-seven p
EST 9 30 iaf7 figs-abstractnouns 0 wishing the Jews safety and truth The abstract nouns "safety" and "truth" can be expressed with phrases. Alternate translation: "wishing that the Jews would be safe and that people would be faithful to the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 9 31 rl2s figs-metaphor 0 The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendants Accepting an obligation is a metaphor for agreeing with the obligation. The abstract noun "obligation" can be expressed with the verb "obligate." Alternate translation: "The Jews agreed and said that they and their descendants were obligated to celebrate the days of Purim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 9 31 rgr9 figs-metaphor 0 they accepted times of fasting and lamenting Accepting times of fasting and lamenting is a metaphor for agreeing to fast and lament at certain times. Alternate translation: "they agreed to fast and lament at certain times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EST 10 intro h4m4 0 # Esther 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Mordecai's new position
Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews.
+EST 10 intro h4m4 0 # Esther 10 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Mordecai's new position
Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews.
EST 10 1 b5ht figs-metonymy 0 imposed a tax on the land and on the coastlands along the sea To impose a tax means to make people pay a tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. Alternate translation: "made the people living in the land and on the coastlands along the sea pay a tax" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 10 2 p98n figs-abstractnouns 0 All the achievements of his power and might The abstract noun "achievements" can be expressed with the verb "achieve" or the phrase "do great things. The abstract nouns "power" and "might" can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: "All that he achieved because of how powerful and mighty he was" or "All the great things that he did because of his power and might" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 10 2 k7tc figs-metaphor 0 the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him The king honoring Mordecai is spoken of as if the king physically raised him up. Alternate translation: "the full account of how the King had made it known that Mordecai was great" or "the full account of how the king had honored Mordecai for the great things he had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
diff --git a/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv b/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv
index 11c02223f..f34412c7f 100644
--- a/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JOB front intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Job
1. Job is introduced (1:1–2:13)
- Job is blameless and wealthy (1:1–5)
- Yahweh allows Satan to test Job (1:6–2:10)
1. Three friends speak to Job (3:1–14:22)
- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar
- Job replies to each
1. They speak to him again (15:1–21:34)
- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar
- Job replies to each
1. They speak a third time (22:1–31:40)
- Eliphaz and Bildad
- Job replies to each
1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24)
1. Yahweh answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34)
1. Job is humbled before Yahweh (42:1–6)
1. Yahweh rebukes Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (42:7–9)
1. Yahweh prospers Job again (42:10–17)
### What is the Book of Job about?
The Book of Job is about a man named Job who experienced disaster even though he was faithful to Yahweh. Job speaks with three friends and asks why Yahweh lets him experience trials and losses. The book teaches that we cannot understand all of Yahweh's ways, and when we suffer, it is more important to trust Yahweh than it is to understand the reason for the suffering.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word "job." Translators might use the traditional title of "The Book of Job" or just "Job." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Book About Job" or "The Book About a Man Named Job."
### Who wrote the Book of Job?
We do not know who wrote the Book of Job. Many people suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but it may have been written after the time of Moses.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Does sin cause suffering?
When a person sins against Yahweh, it can cause the person to experience suffering. People in the ancient Near East generally believed that a person suffered because they or their ancestors sinned against God. This is what many religions teach. However, the Book of Job shows that a person may suffer even if he or she has not sinned. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job's friends?
Job 2:11 refers to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar as the friends of Job. But they did not comfort Job. Instead, they tried to persuade Job to say something about God that Job believed was not true. So we might wonder if it is right to translate the word as "friends." They did care about Job and they wanted to help him. However, what they said did not help Job because they did not understand the truth about God.
### When did the events in the Book of Job take place?
We do not know when the events in the Book of Job took place. It seems to be set around the time of Abraham and Isaac in the Book of Genesis. However, some verses are similar to ones in the Books of Proverbs and Isaiah, which are set much later.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What style of writing is in the Book of Job?
The writer starts and ends the Book of Job by telling what happened to Job in narrative form. He wrote the other parts in poetry form. In the ancient Near East, writers often used poetry to discuss matters of wisdom.
### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?
The Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. However, since the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books.
-JOB 1 intro lym1 0 # Job 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Wealth
Job is very rich. During his time, a man's wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
#### Feasts
Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh's provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
#### Job's faith
Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+JOB 1 intro lym1 0 # Job 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Wealth
Job is very rich. During his time, a man's wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
### Feasts
Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh's provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
### Job's faith
Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
JOB 1 1 k5g4 translate-names 0 land of Uz Possible locations are 1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 1 1 r5aj figs-doublet 0 blameless and upright The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. Alternate translation: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 1 1 qj15 0 one who feared God "one who honored God"
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ JOB 1 20 d1w8 translate-symaction 0 tore his robe, shaved his head These were r
JOB 1 21 wph4 0 I was naked when I came out of my mother's womb, and I will be naked when I will return there "At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing"
JOB 1 22 l3ef 0 In all this matter "Regarding all this that happened"
JOB 1 22 xns1 0 accuse God of wrongdoing "say that God had done wrong"
-JOB 2 intro ke5i 0 # Job 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job's health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
+JOB 2 intro ke5i 0 # Job 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job's health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
JOB 2 1 rz1x 0 General Information: This verse is almost exactly the same as [Job 1:6](../01/06.md) and can probably be translated in the same way.
JOB 2 1 r1zs 0 Then it was the day See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
JOB 2 1 hst1 0 the day when This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. Alternate translation: "at the time when" or "one day when"
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ JOB 2 12 kle6 0 they did not recognize him This probably means that Job's visi
JOB 2 12 jd72 figs-idiom 0 They raised their voices and wept Here "raised their voices" is an idiom that means they became loud. Alternate translation: "They wept out loud" or "They wept loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 2 12 ira1 translate-symaction 0 tore his robe This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 2 12 zzf1 translate-symaction 0 threw dust into the air and upon his own head These were signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-JOB 3 intro jci9 0 # Job 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job's earnest desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 3 intro jci9 0 # Job 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job's earnest desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 3 1 hmv8 figs-idiom 0 opened his mouth This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 3 3 z3eb figs-personification 0 May the day on which I was born perish, the night Job speaks of that day and night as if they were people. Alternate translation: "I wish that I had never been born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 3 3 zca2 figs-ellipsis 0 the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived.' This expression intensifies the statement of Job's grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. Alternate translation: "the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived' perish." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ JOB 3 24 ya6w 0 my sighing happens instead of eating "Instead of eating, I mou
JOB 3 24 jp2u figs-metaphor 0 my groaning is poured out like water Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 3 25 pvp2 figs-parallelism 0 the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "what I feared most has happened to me" or "my worst fear has come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 3 26 f53t figs-parallelism 0 I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. Alternate translation: "I am very anxious" or "I am emotionally and physically tormented" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-JOB 4 intro kk87 0 # Job 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Eliphaz's advice
Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 4 intro kk87 0 # Job 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Eliphaz's advice
Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 4 1 e5n4 translate-names 0 Eliphaz Eliphaz is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 4 1 c3fq translate-names 0 Temanite A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 4 2 y6k8 figs-rquestion 0 will you be impatient? Eliphaz asks this question in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: "you will surely be impatient." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ JOB 4 20 m44u figs-metaphor 0 Between morning and evening they are destroyed Th
JOB 4 20 znp6 figs-activepassive 0 they are destroyed This may also be put into active form. Alternate translation: "they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 4 21 n9su figs-rquestion 0 Are not their tent cords plucked up among them? This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: "Have not their enemies plucked up their tent cords from among them?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 4 21 ugp9 figs-synecdoche 0 their tent cords Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person's home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB 5 intro kq38 0 # Job 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Eliphaz's advice
Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
#### Sickness and sin
In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 5 intro kq38 0 # Job 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Eliphaz's advice
Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Sickness and sin
In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 5 1 gaw4 figs-rquestion 0 To which of the holy ones will you turn? Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that there is no one Job can turn to for help. Alternate translation: "Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?" or "There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 5 1 n2rw 0 holy ones This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits.
JOB 5 2 v7ip 0 jealousy kills the silly one "jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively"
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ JOB 5 25 f961 figs-simile 0 your offspring will be like the grass on the ground
JOB 5 26 a9gt 0 You will come to your grave at a full age "You will die at a very old age"
JOB 5 26 w6jt figs-explicit 0 like a stack of grain bundles that goes up at its time You may need to make explicit that the grain in this simile is fully ripe but not overly ripe. He would neither die young nor become weak in his old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 5 27 uwj5 figs-exclusive 0 See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself The words "we" refers to Job's friends but not to Job. Alternate translation: "Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I am saying and know that it is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-JOB 6 intro r7kh 0 # Job 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 6 intro r7kh 0 # Job 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 2 use6 figs-parallelism 0 if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job's suffering. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "if only I could weigh my anguish and all my calamities in the balance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 6 2 cqr6 0 in the balance "on a scale"
JOB 6 3 l5j1 figs-simile 0 For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. Alternate translation: "For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ JOB 6 29 hka9 0 Indeed, relent "Please relent."
JOB 6 30 km3f figs-rquestion 0 Is there evil on my tongue? "Do I say wicked things?" Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "I do not say wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 30 z316 figs-metonymy 0 on my tongue Here Job's speech is represented by his "tongue." Alternate translation: "in my speech" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 6 30 f1ga figs-rquestion 0 Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JOB 7 intro y5ka 0 # Job 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 7 intro y5ka 0 # Job 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 1 eq7p figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 7 1 nz5u figs-rquestion 0 Does not man have hard labor on earth? Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: "There is hard labor for every person on earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 1 a1c6 figs-hyperbole 0 on earth This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. Alternate translation: "while he lives on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ JOB 7 21 gzz5 figs-parallelism 0 Why do you not pardon my transgression and tak
JOB 7 21 ek8a 0 take away "remove"
JOB 7 21 yf7g figs-metonymy 0 now will I lie down in the dust The phrase "lie down in the dust" is a metonym that represents dying. Alternate translation: "now I will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 7 21 uz1p 0 I will not exist "I will not be here" or "I will be gone"
-JOB 8 intro md4v 0 # Job 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Bildad's advice
Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 8 intro md4v 0 # Job 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Bildad's advice
Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 8 1 emj8 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 8 1 xwz1 0 Connecting Statement: In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job's complaints.
JOB 8 1 y8y8 translate-names 0 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered "Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ JOB 8 21 e5gp figs-ellipsis 0 your lips with shouting The verb "fill" is unders
JOB 8 22 tc4g figs-metaphor 0 Those who hate you will be clothed with shame Here "shame" is spoken of as if it were clothing that God will cause Job's enemies to wear. This means they will be very ashamed. Alternate translation: "God will cause those who hate you to be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 8 22 k5y9 0 the tent of the wicked will be no more Here "tent" refers to the homes of the wicked. Alternate translation: "the houses of the wicked will be destroyed"
JOB 8 22 uz63 0 will be no more "will not last" or "will be destroyed"
-JOB 9 intro n51u 0 # Job 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh's power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 9 intro n51u 0 # Job 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh's power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 9 2 e369 0 I truly know that this is so "I know that what you say is true"
JOB 9 2 a9ku 0 this is so Here the word "this" refers to what Bildad said.
JOB 9 2 r4pi 0 how can a person be in the right with God? "how can anyone be innocent before God?"
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ JOB 9 34 cc5r figs-metonymy 0 take God's rod off me Here "God's rod" is a meton
JOB 9 34 vs1b figs-abstractnouns 0 keep his terror from frightening me The abstract noun "terror" can be translated as the verb "terrify." Alternate translation: "keep him from terrifying and frightening me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 9 35 fa78 0 Then would I speak up "Then I would speak"
JOB 9 35 ug86 0 as things are now "because this is how things are now"
-JOB 10 intro ul99 0 # Job 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 10 intro ul99 0 # Job 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 10 1 ch7h 0 I am weary of my life "I am tired of living"
JOB 10 1 p5cl figs-abstractnouns 0 I will give free expression to my complaint The abstract nouns "expression" and "complaint" can be translated as the verbs "express" and "complain." Alternate translation: "I will freely express what I have to complain about" or "I will argue freely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 10 1 zk1f figs-metaphor 0 I will speak in the bitterness of my soul How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. The abstract noun "bitterness" can be translated as the adverb "bitterly." Alternate translation: "My inner being will speak bitterly" or "I will bitterly speak out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ JOB 10 21 zq3v 0 the shadow of death See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](
JOB 10 22 xkq9 figs-simile 0 as dark as midnight The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 10 22 r9u5 figs-litotes 0 without any order This negative phrase can be expressed in positive form. Alternate translation: "full of confusion" or "where all is confused" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB 10 22 a8nx figs-simile 0 where the light is like midnight The light of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to midnight. Alternate translation: "where there is no light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-JOB 11 intro m1vt 0 # Job 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Zophar's advice
Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 11 intro m1vt 0 # Job 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Zophar's advice
Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 11 1 mbq7 translate-names 0 Zophar the Naamathite See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "Zophar from the region of Naamah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 11 2 cq18 figs-rquestion 0 Should not such a multitude of words be answered? Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job's words must be challenged. Alternate translation: "We must answer all of these words!" or "Someone should respond to all these words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 11 2 ua2s figs-rquestion 0 Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. Alternate translation: "This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!" or "Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ JOB 11 18 f1be figs-idiom 0 would take your rest in safety "Take your rest" her
JOB 11 19 fm2w figs-parallelism 0 Also you would lie down in rest ... your favor. Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 11 19 hc18 figs-abstractnouns 0 you would lie down in rest The abstract noun "rest" can be expressed with the verb "rest." Alternate translation: "you would lie down and rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 11 20 s359 figs-metaphor 0 the eyes of wicked people will fail Their eyes represent their understanding. Alternate translation: "the understanding of the wicked people will fail" or "the wicked people will not be able to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB 12 intro u4jn 0 # Job 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 12 intro u4jn 0 # Job 12 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphors
Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 12 2 dpz4 figs-irony 0 No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. Alternate translation: "Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you" or "You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 12 2 ba96 0 No doubt "Surely"
JOB 12 2 dk3z figs-you 0 you This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ JOB 12 24 n4ta figs-metaphor 0 He takes away understanding from the leaders of
JOB 12 24 w1re figs-metaphor 0 to wander in a wilderness where there is no path Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. Alternate translation: "to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 25 x7t2 figs-metaphor 0 They grope in the dark without light Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. Alternate translation: "They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 25 a21u figs-simile 0 he makes them stagger like a drunk man Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. Alternate translation: "he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks" or "they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-JOB 13 intro x1ub 0 # Job 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Zophar. It also contains Job's claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 13 intro x1ub 0 # Job 13 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Zophar. It also contains Job's claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 13 1 i5ce 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB 13 1 i4pc 0 See "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"
JOB 13 1 d8w1 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye has seen all this Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. Alternate translation: "I have seen all this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ JOB 13 27 x3kd figs-synecdoche 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my f
JOB 13 27 l15n figs-metaphor 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. Alternate translation: "it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked" or "you examine everything I do like a person examining someone's footprints on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 28 mlj8 figs-simile 0 like a rotten thing that wastes away Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 13 28 fq5k figs-simile 0 like a garment that moths have eaten Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-JOB 14 intro t321 0 # Job 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Resurrection
The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 14 intro t321 0 # Job 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Resurrection
The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 14 1 g34y 0 General Information: This chapter continues Job's speech, which started in [Job 12:1](../12/01.md). Job is speaking to God.
JOB 14 1 d6in figs-gendernotations 0 Man, who is born of woman This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JOB 14 1 u162 figs-hyperbole 0 lives only a few days This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. Alternate translation: "lives only a very short time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ JOB 14 20 uah1 figs-euphemism 0 he passes away Passing away represents dying. A
JOB 14 20 p3dh 0 you change his face Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) when a person dies, God makes the person's face look different.
JOB 14 20 lq7f figs-metaphor 0 send him away to die This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 14 21 m7cw figs-metaphor 0 if they are brought low Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: "if they are disgraced" or "if people shame them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB 15 intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Eliphaz's advice
Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 15 intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Eliphaz's advice
Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 1 v5mb translate-names 0 Eliphaz the Temanite This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 15 2 mw8h figs-rquestion 0 Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 2 hd46 figs-metaphor 0 fill himself with the east wind The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: "fill himself with empty words" or "only have meaningless words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ JOB 15 34 rr5n 0 the company of godless people "the group of godless people"
JOB 15 34 v3q1 figs-possession 0 fire will consume their tents of bribery The phrase "tents of bribery" means that the wicked people bought these tents with the money they made by bribery. Alternate translation: "the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
JOB 15 35 x22k figs-parallelism 0 They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. This speaks of a person planning to do evil things and doing them as if the person were conceiving and giving birth to these things as a woman conceives and gives birth to a child. Alternate translation: "They plan to cause mischief and do evil things; they are always planning to deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 15 35 u7sb figs-synecdoche 0 their womb conceives Here the "womb" is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate translation: "they conceive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JOB 16 intro j3zc 0 # Job 16 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's response
Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
#### Advocate
Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
+JOB 16 intro j3zc 0 # Job 16 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's response
Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Advocate
Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JOB 16 2 t7wj 0 you are all miserable comforters "instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable"
JOB 16 3 p7ga figs-rquestion 0 Will useless words ever have an end? Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "How I wish your useless words would end!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 16 3 g4tp figs-rquestion 0 What is wrong with you that you answer like this? Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ JOB 16 20 v43g figs-hyperbole 0 my eye pours out tears Job describes how strong
JOB 16 21 izh8 figs-123person 0 for this man "for me." Here Job refers to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JOB 16 21 kk12 figs-simile 0 as a man does with his neighbor! "as a man does for his neighbor." Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 16 22 z81v figs-explicit 0 I will go to a place Here Job is referring to himself dying. Alternate translation: "I will die and go to a place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JOB 17 intro rs6g 0 # Job 17 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's grief
Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]])
#### Advocate
Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
+JOB 17 intro rs6g 0 # Job 17 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's grief
Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]])
### Advocate
Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JOB 17 1 a993 0 General Information: Job continues to speak.
JOB 17 1 c8r6 figs-synecdoche 0 My spirit is consumed Job refers to himself by his "spirit" to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. Alternate translation: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 1 yjx4 0 my days are over "my time is over" or "I am going to die soon"
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ JOB 17 16 h77p figs-rquestion 0 Will hope go down with me ... dust? The implici
JOB 17 16 yx83 figs-metaphor 0 gates of Sheol Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. Alternate translation: "when I go into Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 16 ajw5 0 when we "when I and the things that I hope for" or "when I and my hopes." The word "we" refers to Job and his hope.
JOB 17 16 z16e figs-idiom 0 descend to the dust This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "die and are buried" or "go to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JOB 18 intro qk5f 0 # Job 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Bildad's advice
Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
+JOB 18 intro qk5f 0 # Job 18 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Bildad's advice
Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOB 18 1 g41k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Bildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JOB 18 1 b2sb 0 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said "Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md).
JOB 18 2 b4en figs-rquestion 0 When will you stop your talk? This rhetorical question means that Job has been talking for too long. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Stop talking!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ JOB 18 20 wn9y figs-merism 0 Those who live in the west ... those who live in t
JOB 18 20 r4pt 0 one day "someday"
JOB 18 21 w31s 0 General Information: Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.
JOB 18 21 da3s figs-parallelism 0 the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. Alternate translation: "unrighteous people, those who do not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JOB 19 intro vq57 0 # Job 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.
Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job's faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
+JOB 19 intro vq57 0 # Job 19 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.
Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job's faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
JOB 19 1 rlm3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JOB 19 1 u8kd 0 Connecting Statement: Job speaks to his three friends.
JOB 19 2 xxa9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words? Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: "Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings ar
JOB 19 29 t8gg figs-abstractnouns 0 because wrath brings the punishment of the sword The abstract nouns "wrath" and "punishment" can be expressed with the adjective "angry" and the verb "punish." Possible meanings are that 1) God's anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: "because God will be angry with you and punish you" or 2) the anger of Job's friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: "because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 19 29 yy9j 0 brings "causes" or "results in"
JOB 19 29 n1i1 figs-abstractnouns 0 there is a judgment The abstract noun "judgment" can be expressed with the verb "judge." Alternate translation: "God judges people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-JOB 20 intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Zophar's advice
Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphors
There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God's punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JOB 20 intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Zophar's advice
Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphors
There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God's punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 1 p292 0 General Information: Zophar replies to Job.
JOB 20 1 chh1 0 Zophar the Naamathite See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Since this is the second time that Zophar speaks, some translations omit "the Naamathite" here.
JOB 20 2 eef1 figs-metaphor 0 My thoughts make me answer quickly The idea of Zophar's thoughts making him do something represents his strong desire to do something. Alternate translation: "I want very much to answer you quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ JOB 20 28 wi73 0 his goods "his possessions"
JOB 20 28 e2e8 figs-metonymy 0 the day of God's wrath Here "wrath" represents punishment. The abstract noun "wrath" can be expressed with the verb punish. Alternate translation: "the day when God punishes people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 20 29 d9w5 figs-metaphor 0 This is the wicked man's portion from God Here "portion from God" represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. Alternate translation: "This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 29 a1s8 figs-metaphor 0 the heritage reserved for him by God This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. Alternate translation: "what God has planned to give to him" or "what God has planned should happen to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB 21 intro k6tx 0 # Job 21 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ancestor's sin
In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 21 intro k6tx 0 # Job 21 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Ancestor's sin
In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 21 1 l3vp 0 Connecting Statement: Job begins to answer Zophar's accusations.
JOB 21 3 x7gy 0 Put up with me "Allow me" or "Be patient with me"
JOB 21 3 w3a4 figs-irony 0 mock on "you can continue mocking me." Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ JOB 21 33 eqt1 figs-synecdoche 0 The clods of the valley will be sweet to him J
JOB 21 33 p9wd figs-hypo 0 all people will follow after him, as there were innumerable people before him Job emphasizes that a large crowd of people will be in the funeral procession of this imaginary wicked man to honor him. Alternate translation: "a huge number of people go to the grave site; some go in front of the procession and some come behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 21 34 aa8a 0 Connecting Statement: This concludes Job's speech to his friends.
JOB 21 34 j6yy figs-rquestion 0 How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood? Job uses a question to scold his friends. Alternate translation: "You cannot comfort me with nonsense. All of your answers are false." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JOB 22 intro m13v 0 # Job 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Repentance
Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 22 intro m13v 0 # Job 22 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Repentance
Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 22 1 cea8 translate-names 0 Eliphaz the Temanite See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 22 2 r9kd figs-parallelism 0 Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him? Both questions mean basically the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person's actions and wisdom do not benefit God. Alternate translation: "A man cannot be useful to God. A wise man cannot be useful to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 22 3 h3pe figs-parallelism 0 Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless? Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that Job's actions do not help God. Alternate translation: "The Almighty does not receive any pleasure if you are righteous. He does not gain anything if you make your ways blameless." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ JOB 22 29 yck5 0 Connecting Statement: This concludes Eliphaz's speech to Job.
JOB 22 29 xgw4 figs-idiom 0 the one with lowered eyes Here "lowered eyes" refers to humility. Alternate translation: "the humble person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 22 30 f84n figs-metaphor 0 He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands Job being innocent is spoken of as if his hands were physically clean. The phrase "who will be rescued" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will rescue even the person who is not innocent because you do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 22 30 wrz4 0 He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands Some versions of the Bible read, "He rescues the innocent person; so he will rescue you when your hands are clean"
-JOB 23 intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Court
This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JOB 23 intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Court
This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 23 2 fi9s 0 Even today my complaint is bitter Here "Even today" emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job's situation at all. Alternate translation: "In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter"
JOB 23 2 ke1p figs-idiom 0 my complaint is bitter Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. Alternate translation: "my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 23 2 cm2j figs-metonymy 0 my hand ... heavy because of my groaning Possible meanings are 1) "I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning" or 2) "God's hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning" where "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1419,7 +1419,7 @@ JOB 23 16 p6ma figs-parallelism 0 For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty
JOB 23 16 d4fw figs-idiom 0 made my heart weak A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. Alternate translation: "made me afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 23 17 dng4 figs-explicit 0 I have not been brought to an end by darkness This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent" or 2) "Darkness has not stopped me" or "God has stopped me, not the darkness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 23 17 qpa8 figs-synecdoche 0 the gloom of my face Here Job refers to himself by his "face." Alternate translation: "my sadness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JOB 24 intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Court
This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 24 intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Court
This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 24 1 mg7h 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking.
JOB 24 1 thc8 figs-rquestion 0 Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty? Job uses this question to express his frustration that God has not judged evil. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people." or "The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 24 1 ej3y figs-rquestion 0 Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come? Job uses this question to express his frustration that the righteous have not seen God judge evil. Alternate translation: "It seems that those who obey him never get to see him judge the wicked." or "God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ JOB 24 24 ix1v figs-activepassive 0 they will be gathered up like all the other
JOB 24 24 mqt2 figs-simile 0 they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain These wicked people will be cut off in the same way heads of grain are cut off during harvest. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 24 25 cfk7 figs-rquestion 0 If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing? Job uses this question to express the certainty of his argument. The implicit answer is: "no one." Alternate translation: "This is true, and no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 24 25 iy58 0 make my speech worth nothing "prove what I say is wrong"
-JOB 25 intro yz1x 0 # Job 25 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's holiness and man's sin
Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 25 intro yz1x 0 # Job 25 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's holiness and man's sin
Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 25 1 vb52 0 Bildad the Shuhite See how you translated this man's name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md).
JOB 25 2 cz5c figs-abstractnouns 0 Dominion and fear are with him Here "him" refers to God. The abstract nouns "dominion" and "fear" can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: "God rules over all and people should fear only him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 25 2 t8t1 0 he makes order in his high places of heaven "he makes peace in the high heaven"
@@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ JOB 25 5 kt4v 0 the stars are not pure in his sight Here "pure" means "perfect
JOB 25 6 c7kh figs-parallelism 0 How much less man ... a son of man, who is a worm These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 25 6 h6x7 figs-metaphor 0 who is a worm Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. Alternate translation: "who is as worthless as a worm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 25 6 l7b7 figs-metonymy 0 a son of man This is another way of referring to a person. Alternate translation: "a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JOB 26 intro f665 0 # Job 26 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.
This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's power
While Bildad describes Yahweh's power as being so much greater than Job's, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh's power. It is not just over Job's life, but over all of creation.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Sarcasm
Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1-4](./01.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
+JOB 26 intro f665 0 # Job 26 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.
This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's power
While Bildad describes Yahweh's power as being so much greater than Job's, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh's power. It is not just over Job's life, but over all of creation.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Sarcasm
Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1-4](./01.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 26 2 lud4 figs-irony 0 How you have helped one ... the arm that has no strength In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word "one" refers to Job. And, the word "arm" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me; but really, you have not helped me at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 26 3 s1r5 figs-irony 0 How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. Alternate translation: "You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 26 3 y2kk 0 announced to him sound knowledge "given him good advice"
@@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ JOB 26 13 c2jc 0 the fleeing serpent "the serpent as it was trying to escape f
JOB 26 14 qb3u figs-metaphor 0 See, these are but the fringes of his ways Here "fringes" represents a small part that we can see of something that is much bigger. Alternate translation: "See, these things that God has done show only a small part of his great power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 26 14 k819 figs-exclamations 0 how small a whisper do we hear of him! This is an exclamation that expresses Job's amazement of all the great things that God does that we do not even know about. Seeing what God does is spoken of as hearing God's voice. Alternate translation: "it is as if we heard only his quiet whisper!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 26 14 b468 figs-rquestion 0 Who can understand the thunder of his power? The "thunder of his power" represents God's greatness. Job uses this question to emphasize that God's power is so great that no one can understand it. Alternate translation: "The thunder displays the greatness of his power which no one can understand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB 27 intro mkb5 0 # Job 27 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
+JOB 27 intro mkb5 0 # Job 27 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
JOB 27 2 vm9g 0 As surely as God lives This phrase shows that Job is taking an oath. Job compares the certainty that God is alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: "I swear by God"
JOB 27 2 zm2r figs-metaphor 0 has taken away my justice Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. Alternate translation: "has refused to treat me justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 27 2 tp23 figs-metonymy 0 made my life bitter Job's "life" being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. Alternate translation: "has caused me to become resentful" or "has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ JOB 27 22 xs2l figs-personification 0 It throws itself at him Here the phrase "
JOB 27 22 fa8c figs-personification 0 he tries to flee out of its hand Here "hand" represents the power or control that the wind has over the wicked man. Alternate translation: "he tries to flee out of its control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 27 23 kvs2 translate-symaction 0 It claps its hands at him Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. Alternate translation: "It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 27 23 r28v translate-symaction 0 hisses him from his place The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place, and the noise is like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. Alternate translation: "it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home" or "it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-JOB 28 intro i55c 0 # Job 28 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's wisdom
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh's wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job's life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
+JOB 28 intro i55c 0 # Job 28 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's wisdom
Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh's wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job's life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
JOB 28 1 fb4g 0 mine This is a place where people dig rocks out of the earth. These rocks have metal in them.
JOB 28 1 zr9q 0 refine This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities that are in it.
JOB 28 2 a9j8 figs-activepassive 0 Iron is taken out of the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People take iron out of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ JOB 28 25 l7lk figs-metaphor 0 parceled out the waters by measure This describe
JOB 28 26 qy1s 0 a path for the thunder "he decided how the thunder can be heard" or "he decided the path of the thunderstorm"
JOB 28 28 l4bu figs-abstractnouns 0 See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom The abstract noun "fear" can be expressed with the verbs "fear" or "respect." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with the word "wise." Alternate translation: "Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 28 28 m7dq figs-metaphor 0 to depart from evil is understanding Here "depart from evil" means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the verb "understand." Alternate translation: "if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB 29 intro eli2 0 # Job 29 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.
In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh's blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job's argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.
+JOB 29 intro eli2 0 # Job 29 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.
In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh's blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job's argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.
JOB 29 2 h8k3 figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that I were as I was in the past months Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. Alternate translation: "I wish that I were as I was in past months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB 29 3 n6gg figs-metaphor 0 when his lamp shined on my head God's lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. Alternate translation: "when God's blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 29 3 z42n figs-metaphor 0 when I walked through darkness by his light Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1695,7 +1695,7 @@ JOB 29 25 gh9m figs-metonymy 0 sat as their chief Here "sat" represents ruling
JOB 29 25 azd4 figs-metonymy 0 sat as their chief Job was their chief. Alternate translation: "led them because I was their chief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 29 25 dv86 figs-simile 0 I lived like a king in his army Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 29 25 nmq6 figs-explicit 0 like one who comforts mourners This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. Alternate translation: "I comforted them when they mourned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JOB 30 intro u96h 0 # Job 30 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.
In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
+JOB 30 intro u96h 0 # Job 30 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.
In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
JOB 30 1 ghr9 figs-explicit 0 whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. Alternate translation: "whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 30 1 bw8l figs-explicit 0 the dogs of my flock The dogs' relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "the dogs that guarded my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 30 2 dkd7 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, the strength of their fathers' hands, how could it have helped me ... perished? Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. Alternate translation: "The strength of their fathers' hands could not have helped me ... perished." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@ JOB 30 30 udu9 figs-synecdoche 0 my bones are burned with heat Here "bones" ref
JOB 30 31 qj9s figs-metonymy 0 my harp is tuned for songs of mourning Here "my harp" represents Job himself, and also represents his desire to sing only songs of mourning. Alternate translation: "I play only songs of mourning on my harp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 31 v1kr figs-metonymy 0 my flute for the singing of those who wail Here "my flute" represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. Alternate translation: "I play only songs of wailing on my flute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 31 d2w2 0 wail To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain.
-JOB 31 intro leq9 0 # Job 31 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.
In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
+JOB 31 intro leq9 0 # Job 31 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.
In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOB 31 1 jz3t 0 General Information: Job continues speaking.
JOB 31 1 ka6e figs-metaphor 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. Alternate translation: "I have made a firm promise about what I will look at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 31 1 af9x figs-explicit 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" or "I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ JOB 31 38 g2jv figs-hypo 0 General Information: This concludes Job's descriptio
JOB 31 38 r91t figs-personification 0 If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together Job speaks of being guilty as if his land were a person who cries out against Job because of the wrong Job has done to the land. Alternate translation: "If I have done wrong concerning my land" or "If I have stolen my land from someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 31 39 vfe3 figs-metonymy 0 to lose their lives This represents dying. Alternate translation: "to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 31 40 k93z figs-ellipsis 0 weeds instead of barley The words "let" and "grow" are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "let weeds grow instead of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-JOB 32 intro pq4v 0 # Job 32 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Job's friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu's four statements. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. This quotation continues through the next chapter.
+JOB 32 intro pq4v 0 # Job 32 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Job's friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu's four statements. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. This quotation continues through the next chapter.
JOB 32 1 k2f6 figs-metaphor 0 he was righteous in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "he considered himself righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 32 2 cr7d figs-metaphor 0 Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 32 2 hxc1 translate-names 0 Elihu ... Barakel ... Ram These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1897,7 +1897,7 @@ JOB 32 20 w6zz figs-synecdoche 0 open my lips Here the "lips" represent the mou
JOB 32 21 mi73 0 neither will I give honorific titles to any man "neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor"
JOB 32 22 nb65 0 my Maker This is a name referring to God. Alternate translation: "God who made me"
JOB 32 22 i4r2 figs-euphemism 0 take me away This means that he would destroy him. Alternate translation: "destroy me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-JOB 33 intro t7rx 0 # Job 33 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's mercy
While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh's mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
+JOB 33 intro t7rx 0 # Job 33 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's mercy
While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh's mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
JOB 33 1 ct2e 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 33 1 m7lu figs-parallelism 0 hear my speech; listen to all my words These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 33 2 j572 figs-parallelism 0 I have opened my mouth ... my tongue has spoken in my mouth These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. His "tongue" speaking represents himself speaking. Alternate translation: "I have opened my mouth and I have begun to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1975,7 +1975,7 @@ JOB 33 30 myd4 figs-activepassive 0 he may be enlightened with the light of lif
JOB 33 31 sm1q 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 31 z1l9 figs-doublet 0 Pay attention, Job, and listen to me These phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "Listen carefully to me, Job" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 33 32 g3l6 figs-idiom 0 that you are in the right This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "that you are innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JOB 34 intro b9ku 0 # Job 34 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's justice
Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
+JOB 34 intro b9ku 0 # Job 34 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's justice
Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JOB 34 1 h9vc 0 Moreover, Elihu "Then, Elihu"
JOB 34 1 yw36 translate-names 0 Elihu See how you translated this man's name in [Job 32:2](../32/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 34 2 k8a4 0 Listen to my words "Listen to what I say"
@@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ JOB 34 36 w7eb 0 of his talking like wicked men "of how he has spoken like a w
JOB 34 37 jr4v figs-explicit 0 he adds rebellion This refers to rebellion against God. Alternate translation: "he adds rebellion against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 37 fm5k figs-explicit 0 he claps his hands in mockery in our midst In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. Alternate translation: "he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst" or "he mocks God right in front of us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 34 37 g7nc figs-metaphor 0 he piles up words against God Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. Alternate translation: "he speaks many words against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB 35 intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Ironic situation
Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+JOB 35 intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Ironic situation
Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
JOB 35 2 s9jw figs-rquestion 0 Do you think this is just ... 'My right before God'? Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. Alternate translation: "You must think you are right ... 'My right before God.'" or "It is not just ... 'My right before God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 35 2 yh9l 0 Do you think this is just when you say "Do you think it is right for you to say"
JOB 35 2 g7jg figs-you 0 Do you think Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@@ -2081,7 +2081,7 @@ JOB 35 15 r6hq 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 35 15 ub2k 0 Now you say that his anger does not punish, and he does not take even a litte notice of transgression Because Job is saying these things about God that are untrue, it is even less likely that God will answer Job's prayers.
JOB 35 15 kpu8 figs-metonymy 0 his anger does not punish Here "his anger" is a metonym for "him." Alternate translation: "he never punishes anyone because he is angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 35 16 ben3 figs-metaphor 0 he piles up words without knowledge Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-JOB 36 intro pp2j 0 # Job 36 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's justice
This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
+JOB 36 intro pp2j 0 # Job 36 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's justice
This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JOB 36 2 h1hx figs-metaphor 0 I will show you some things Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. Alternate translation: "I will explain some things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 3 c3pd figs-metaphor 0 I will obtain my knowledge from far off Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. Alternate translation: "I will show you my great knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 3 u4g9 figs-abstractnouns 0 that righteousness belongs to my Maker Here the word "righteousness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "that my Maker is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ JOB 36 30 e9es figs-metaphor 0 and covers the roots of the sea Elihu speaks of
JOB 36 32 tsi9 figs-metaphor 0 He fills his hands with the lightning Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 33 k3qk 0 Its thunder "The thunder caused by the lightning" or "The thunder"
JOB 36 33 se83 0 hear it is coming "hear that the storm is coming"
-JOB 37 intro ccm7 0 # Job 37 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu's four statements, and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's justice
This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
+JOB 37 intro ccm7 0 # Job 37 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu's four statements, and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's justice
This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JOB 37 1 mup1 figs-parallelism 0 my heart trembles ... it is moved out of its place These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 37 1 eid2 0 my heart trembles at this The word "this" refers to the storm in [Job 36:33](../36/33.md).
JOB 37 1 nhy8 figs-metaphor 0 it is moved out of its place Elihu speaks of his heart beating violently as if it were to jump out of his chest. Alternate translation: "it moves out of its place" or "it beats violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2173,7 +2173,7 @@ JOB 37 20 x2hn figs-metaphor 0 to be swallowed up Elihu speaks of a person bein
JOB 37 22 l64j figs-metaphor 0 over God is fearsome majesty The word "fearsome" means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God's majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. Alternate translation: "God's majesty causes people to fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 37 23 c4sd figs-metaphor 0 we cannot find him Possible meanings are 1) "we cannot approach him" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person's being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: "we cannot comprehend him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 37 24 n2pv figs-metonymy 0 those who are wise in their own minds Here "minds" represents the person's thoughts. Alternate translation: "those who are wise in their own thinking" or "those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JOB 38 intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's greatness
Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JOB 38 intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's greatness
Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 1 b53y 0 Then Yahweh called Here, the word "then" marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. Alternate translation: "After all that had happened, Yahweh called.
JOB 38 1 zh2u 0 called to Job "answered Job" or "responded to Job"
JOB 38 1 zk13 0 out of a fierce storm "from a powerful storm"
@@ -2338,7 +2338,7 @@ JOB 38 41 hc2b 0 ravens large birds with shiny black feathers that feed on dea
JOB 38 41 y9ey figs-explicit 0 cry out to God The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. Alternate translation: "cry to God for help" or "cry out for God to give them food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 38 41 nde9 0 stagger about This means to walk around in an unsteady way.
JOB 38 41 i8kr 0 for lack of food "because they have no food" or "because they have nothing to eat"
-JOB 39 intro l9e1 0 # Job 39 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's greatness
Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
+JOB 39 intro l9e1 0 # Job 39 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's greatness
Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
JOB 39 1 b1wa figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 1 sw6i 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 1 m8kw figs-rquestion 0 Do you know at what time ... bear their young? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Surely you do not know when ... bear their young!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -2455,7 +2455,7 @@ JOB 39 30 e2b5 0 His young "The baby eagles." It may be helpful to state that
JOB 39 30 s29l 0 drink up blood "drink the blood of the animal that he killed"
JOB 39 30 iv5j 0 where killed people are "where there are dead people." This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground.
JOB 39 30 nx3p figs-explicit 0 there he is It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. Alternate translation: "he is there to eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JOB 40 intro k9mj 0 # Job 40 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Job's righteousness
In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: "Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?" This is the essence of Job's error.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Irony
Yahweh states, "He who argues with God, let him answer." Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Animals
There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
+JOB 40 intro k9mj 0 # Job 40 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Job's righteousness
In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: "Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?" This is the essence of Job's error.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Irony
Yahweh states, "He who argues with God, let him answer." Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Animals
There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
JOB 40 1 jlf1 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 40 2 kpm1 figs-rquestion 0 Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty? Yahweh is rebuking Job. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God." or "You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 2 p78z figs-pronouns 0 He who argues with God, let him answer Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. Alternate translation: "You want to argue with me, so answer me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@@ -2491,7 +2491,7 @@ JOB 40 22 k86u 0 willows of the brook Willows are large trees that grow in dam
JOB 40 23 vbe3 0 banks sides of the river
JOB 40 23 x8nv 0 though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth "even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth"
JOB 40 24 uyb7 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone capture him with a hook ... snare? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JOB 41 intro et13 0 # Job 41 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Animals
There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
+JOB 41 intro et13 0 # Job 41 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Animals
There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
JOB 41 1 hgy7 0 General Information: God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Job.
JOB 41 1 tg8a figs-rquestion 0 Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 1 f9dw 0 draw out pull out of the water
@@ -2568,7 +2568,7 @@ JOB 41 33 f5nc 0 him Leviathan
JOB 41 34 b5cm 0 He sees everything that is proud "He is very, very proud"
JOB 41 34 c959 figs-personification 0 he is king over all the sons of pride Leviathan is spoken of as if he were a person who is able to become king and be proud. Alternate translation: "Leviathan has more reason to be proud than anyone else on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 41 34 n88z 0 He ... he Leviathan
-JOB 42 intro g9q6 0 # Job 42 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice
Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
+JOB 42 intro g9q6 0 # Job 42 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Justice
Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
JOB 42 2 bdu3 figs-ellipsis 0 I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped You may want to repeat the words "I know." Alternate translation: "I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB 42 2 wu37 figs-activepassive 0 no purpose of yours can be stopped This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one can stop any of your plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 42 3 b75d figs-rquestion 0 Who is this The ULT and most modern versions agree that Job is loosely quoting God's own words from [Job 38:2](../38/02.md). You may decide, as does the UST, to make it clear that God asked this question of Job and that Job is now remembering it. Alternate translation: "You said to me, 'Who is this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
diff --git a/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv b/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv
index 5d9ed4c8c..31b7cc1a2 100644
--- a/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
PSA front intro rx9u 0 # Introduction to Psalms
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Psalms
1. Book One (Psalms 1-41)
1. Book Two (Psalms 42-72)
1. Book Three (Psalms 73-89)
1. Book Four (Psalms 90-106)
1. Book Five (Psalms 107-150)
### What is the Book of Psalms?
The Book of Psalms is a collection of songs. People called psalmists wrote them for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they asked God for help and expressed confidence in his love and power. In others, they confessed their sins and begged for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to ask Yahweh to defeat their enemies. Other psalms celebrated the event of a new king beginning his reign. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. They wrote some psalms to instruct people on how to be wise by honoring Yahweh and obeying his law. Also, pilgrims sang some of the psalms while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms became songs of praise in the temple worship of Yahweh.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators can use the traditional title of this book, "The Book of Psalms" or just "Psalms." Another title of this book is "Songs of Praise." Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to use or transliterate the name from another language version if it is well known. For example, the French title "Les Psaumes" might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
### When was the Book of Psalms written?
The Psalms were written over a long period of time. Moses probably wrote the earliest psalm around 1400 B.C. David and Asaph wrote their psalms between 1020 and 975 B.C. The Korahites may have written their psalms before Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jews were exiled to Babylon in 587 B.C. Psalm 126 appears to come from the period after the exile, which ended in 538 B.C.
### What are the Messianic psalms?
Some psalms are called "Messianic psalms." New Testament writers considered these psalms to prophesy about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. They cited Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118 at least one time each in the New Testament.
### What are superscriptions in the Psalms?
Many psalms give some information called superscriptions before the beginning of the psalm. Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them.
Seventy-three psalms are called "A psalm of David." This may mean they were written by King David. Or, it could mean someone wrote them for David or in the style that David used when he composed poetry. The superscriptions of some psalms give the historical situations in which they were written.
Some superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung. They tell which instruments, singers, or melodies that should be used for that psalm. Fifty-five psalms are addressed "to the choirmaster" or "chief musician." The psalmists seem to have meant them to be used in temple worship.
Traditionally, English versions do not give verse numbers to the superscriptions. But many versions in other languages do. Whether or not translators give them verse numbers, they should consider the superscriptions in the Psalms as part of the divinely inspired biblical text.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms?
The psalmists often pictured Yahweh as:
* a king who rules over the nation of Israel and over all the nations
* a shepherd who leads the people of Israel and also the individual psalm writers
* a "rock," that is, a high rocky mountain on which people can be completely safe from their enemies
* a strong warrior who always defeats his enemies.
### What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms?
When people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced.
Psalmists often expressed a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world.
Also, psalmists often expressed fear that they would be shamed by their enemies. When they felt this way, the psalmists wrote of their trust that Yahweh would not allow this to happen.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why do the ULT and UST display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not?
The psalmists wrote the Psalms as Hebrew poetry. The ULT and UST set each line farther to the right on the page than regular text is placed to show that the writing is poetry rather than prose.
This style typically uses pairs of poetic lines that relate to each other in different ways. Usually, poetic lines are said to be "parallel" to each other. A line that is indented farther to the right is paired with the line above it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
Translators will have to decide whether to present the Psalms as poetry or as prose in their own language. Translators will need to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the Psalms.
### Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others?
From ancient times, people have numbered the Psalms in different ways. The Jews numbered the Psalms in Hebrew in one way. When they translated the Psalms into Greek, they numbered them in a different way. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of Psalms were both passed down through the centuries. They are both still in use today. Translators will probably want to number the Psalms in the same way that most versions in their own country do.
### How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms?
"Selah" and "Higgaion" seem to be musical terms inserted as directions for singers and musicians. Scholars do not agree as to their meaning. For this reason, translators may decide to transliterate them or leave them out but not try to translate them.
-PSA 1 intro fan4 0 # Psalm 001 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 1 is usually considered to be a "wisdom psalm," which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Blessed
A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here "blessed" refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
#### People who opposed Yahweh
There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: "the wicked" (those who do evil), "sinners" (those who ignore God's law), and "mockers" (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PSA 1 intro fan4 0 # Psalm 001 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 1 is usually considered to be a "wisdom psalm," which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Blessed
A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here "blessed" refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
### People who opposed Yahweh
There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: "the wicked" (those who do evil), "sinners" (those who ignore God's law), and "mockers" (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PSA 1 1 w56f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 1 1 gz4n figs-metaphor 0 who does not walk in the advice of the wicked The "advice of the wicked" is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. Alternate translation: "who does not follow the advice of the wicked" or "who does not do what wicked people advise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 1 1 uqr7 figs-metaphor 0 stand in the pathway with sinners Here the word "pathway" represents the way people live. The word "stand" is in parallel with "walk." Alternate translation: "imitate the behavior of sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ PSA 1 5 nr84 figs-metonymy 0 nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous Being
PSA 1 6 wmx7 figs-parallelism 0 For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 1 6 cxy6 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the righteous How people live is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they are walking on. Alternate translation: "how the righteous live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 1 6 jy56 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the wicked will perish How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they walk on. Possible meanings are 1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: "The wicked will die because of how they live" or 2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: "the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 2 intro z14u 0 # Psalm 002 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
"Today I have begotten you" here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PSA 2 intro z14u 0 # Psalm 002 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
"Today I have begotten you" here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 2 1 bht4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 2 1 e4gn figs-rquestion 0 Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail? These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. Alternate translation: "The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 2 1 zq9d 0 are the nations in turmoil This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion.
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ PSA 2 12 w4m8 translate-symaction 0 Kiss the son People would show their king t
PSA 2 12 v3bs 0 you will die in the way This may refer to dying right there, before the person has a chance to go away. Alternate translation: "you will die immediately"
PSA 2 12 l654 figs-metaphor 0 when his anger burns for just a moment The king's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. Alternate translation: "when he suddenly becomes very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 2 12 ty9p figs-metaphor 0 seek refuge in him Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "ask the king to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 3 intro py7j 0 # Psalm 003 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger.
+PSA 3 intro py7j 0 # Psalm 003 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger.
PSA 3 1 ylp1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 3 1 g1yb 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
PSA 3 1 xp7i figs-exclamations 0 Yahweh, how many are my enemies! This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. Alternate translation: "Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ PSA 3 7 az5m figs-parallelism 0 hit all my enemies ... break the teeth of the w
PSA 3 7 r6xe translate-symaction 0 For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. Alternate translation: "For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 3 7 k36i figs-metaphor 0 you will break the teeth of the wicked Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. Alternate translation: "you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 3 8 x9bn figs-abstractnouns 0 Salvation comes from Yahweh The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." Alternate translation: "Yahweh saves his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 4 intro b2qk 0 # Psalm 004 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+PSA 4 intro b2qk 0 # Psalm 004 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 4 1 zjj1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 4 1 q28k 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 4 1 k7md 0 on stringed instruments "people should play stringed instruments with this song"
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ PSA 4 7 b9ht figs-metaphor 0 You have given my heart more gladness than others
PSA 4 7 izx5 figs-metonymy 0 when their grain and new wine abound "New wine" may represent grapes. Alternate translation: "when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 4 8 b57u figs-metaphor 0 It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "peace." Alternate translation: "I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep" or "I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 4 8 p2ce figs-doublet 0 make me safe and secure The words "safe" and "secure" mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. Alternate translation: "make me completely safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA 5 intro e67h 0 # Psalm 005 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+PSA 5 intro e67h 0 # Psalm 005 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 5 1 k92k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 5 1 q7tu 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 5 1 tu54 0 with wind instruments "This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments."
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ PSA 5 11 w32e figs-parallelism 0 those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout
PSA 5 11 h7eq figs-metaphor 0 take refuge in you Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 5 11 jnt7 figs-metonymy 0 those who love your name God's name represents him. Alternate translation: "those who love you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 5 12 t1zz figs-simile 0 you will surround them with favor as with a shield God's favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. Alternate translation: "you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield" or "because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-PSA 6 intro gpl3 0 # Psalm 006 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trouble
He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies.
#### First Person
This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm.
+PSA 6 intro gpl3 0 # Psalm 006 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trouble
He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies.
### First Person
This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm.
PSA 6 1 qy9s writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 6 1 z78f 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 6 1 w19w 0 on stringed instruments "people should play stringed instruments with this song"
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ PSA 6 7 fup4 figs-metonymy 0 My eyes grow dim The ability to see is spoken of i
PSA 6 7 gny4 figs-metonymy 0 from grief Grief here represents crying. Alternate translation: "from crying" or "because I cry so much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 6 9 j23z figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy ... Yahweh has accepted my prayer These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 6 9 dq36 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has accepted my prayer Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will respond to my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 7 intro zey1 0 # Psalm 007 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him.
#### Cush the Benjamite
Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul.
+PSA 7 intro zey1 0 # Psalm 007 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him.
### Cush the Benjamite
Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul.
PSA 7 1 wzv4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 7 1 v239 0 A musical composition of David "This is a song that David wrote"
PSA 7 1 huv1 figs-metaphor 0 take refuge in you! Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to you for protection!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ PSA 7 11 j5zn figs-explicit 0 a God who is indignant each day Who God is angry
PSA 7 12 y4zk figs-metaphor 0 God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. Alternate translation: "God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 7 14 l54a figs-metaphor 0 one who is pregnant with wickedness ... conceives destructive plans ... gives birth to harmful lies David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. Alternate translation: "the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 7 16 p524 figs-metaphor 0 His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person's head or fall down on it. Alternate translation: "His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him" or "When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 8 intro rs24 0 # Psalm 008 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's creation
God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])
#### A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings
[Psalms Psalm 8:4-6](./003.md) is quoted in [Hebrews 2:6-8](../../heb/02/06.md), where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
+PSA 8 intro rs24 0 # Psalm 008 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's creation
God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])
### A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings
[Psalms Psalm 8:4-6](./003.md) is quoted in [Hebrews 2:6-8](../../heb/02/06.md), where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
PSA 8 1 lk7t writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 8 1 i9hb 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 8 1 ye1p 0 set to the gittith style This may refer to a style of music.
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ PSA 8 6 py2w figs-metaphor 0 you have put all things under his feet Having auth
PSA 8 9 y339 figs-exclamations 0 how magnificent is your name in all the earth With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. Alternate translation: "your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth" or "people in all the earth know how magnificent you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 8 9 dvi7 figs-metonymy 0 your name God's "name" represents him or his reputation. Alternate translation: "your reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 8 9 bf2u 0 magnificent excellent, great
-PSA 9 intro zq96 0 # Psalm 009 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
God is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him.
#### Acrostic Psalm
This psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
#### One Psalm or two
This psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn't. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm.
+PSA 9 intro zq96 0 # Psalm 009 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
God is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him.
### Acrostic Psalm
This psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
### One Psalm or two
This psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn't. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm.
PSA 9 1 xxu5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 9 1 w9iy 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 9 1 nqw5 0 set to Muth Labben This may refer to a style of music.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ PSA 9 19 dw6d 0 man people
PSA 9 19 f879 figs-metonymy 0 be judged Here judging represents punishing. Alternate translation: "be punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 9 19 dca3 figs-metonymy 0 in your sight Here sight represents presence. Alternate translation: "in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 9 19 xin9 figs-activepassive 0 may the nations be judged in your sight This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "judge the nations in your presence" or "take the nations into your presence and punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 10 intro h366 0 # Psalm 010 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Evil people
The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
#### Second half of Psalm 9
As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
+PSA 10 intro h366 0 # Psalm 010 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Evil people
The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
### Second half of Psalm 9
As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
PSA 10 1 he97 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 10 1 l729 figs-rquestion 0 Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble? The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 10 2 ml6r 0 schemes evil plans
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ PSA 10 16 zc2f figs-activepassive 0 the nations are driven out of his land This
PSA 10 17 d6nx figs-explicit 0 you have heard the needs of the oppressed It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. Alternate translation: "when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 10 17 yqz9 figs-metonymy 0 you strengthen their heart A strong heart represents courage, and making people's hearts strong represents encouraging them. Alternate translation: "you encourage them" or "you make them confident" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 10 18 w3s1 0 no man ... will cause terror again "no one ... will cause people to be afraid again"
-PSA 11 intro zn9r 0 # Psalm 011 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice
The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 11 intro zn9r 0 # Psalm 011 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Justice
The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 11 1 t2nr writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 11 1 ca3b 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 11 1 i5j2 figs-metaphor 0 take refuge in Yahweh Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to Yahweh for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ PSA 11 5 qa59 0 do violence "hurt others"
PSA 11 6 t8lu figs-metaphor 0 He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup! God's punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. Alternate translation: "He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 11 6 i1h8 0 brimstone sulphur
PSA 11 7 ai4r 0 see his face "be in his presence"
-PSA 12 intro c38b 0 # Psalm 012 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh saves
There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])
#### Words
This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use.
+PSA 12 intro c38b 0 # Psalm 012 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh saves
There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])
### Words
This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use.
PSA 12 1 lrn6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 12 1 l7ap 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 12 1 d3jh 0 set to the Sheminith This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 6:1](../006/001.md).
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ PSA 12 7 txp6 0 You keep them "You keep the righteous people safe"
PSA 12 8 q4v9 0 walk on every side "surround us"
PSA 12 8 y7uy figs-activepassive 0 when evil is exalted among the children of mankind This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when people everywhere are praising evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 12 8 lrt6 0 children of mankind "human beings" or "people"
-PSA 13 intro nza7 0 # Psalm 013 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
+PSA 13 intro nza7 0 # Psalm 013 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
PSA 13 1 vsr8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 13 1 hwf6 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 13 1 xg9c figs-rquestion 0 How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me? This question is asked to get the reader's attention and to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ PSA 13 4 ucm3 0 Do not let my enemy say ... so that my enemy may not say "Do n
PSA 13 4 x5p1 0 when I am brought down "when I fall" or "when they defeat me"
PSA 13 5 l1in figs-abstractnouns 0 I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant" or "I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 13 5 s3s4 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart rejoices in your salvation Here "my heart" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA 14 intro a269 0 # Psalm 014 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Evil people
Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+PSA 14 intro a269 0 # Psalm 014 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Evil people
Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 14 1 ghg8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 14 1 l8jh 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 14 1 bwz9 figs-idiom 0 A fool says in his heart This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. Alternate translation: "A foolish person says to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ PSA 14 6 ysx7 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is his refuge This speaks of the protectio
PSA 14 7 uji3 figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. Alternate translation: "I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 14 7 xxx6 figs-metonymy 0 Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! Here "the salvation of Israel" is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. Alternate translation: "Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!" or "I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 14 7 h25q figs-parallelism 0 then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both "Jacob" and "Israel" represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. Alternate translation: "then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA 15 intro j6s2 0 # Psalm 015 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Godliness
This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
#### Moral Conditions for Worship
Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
+PSA 15 intro j6s2 0 # Psalm 015 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Godliness
This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
### Moral Conditions for Worship
Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
PSA 15 1 u6j8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 15 1 sql5 figs-metonymy 0 Who may live on your holy hill? God's "holy hill" represents God's temple, which was on Mount Zion. Alternate translation: "Who may live in your holy place?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 15 2 jg77 0 speaks truth from his heart "speaks honestly"
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ PSA 15 3 ih3s 0 harm hurt
PSA 15 4 y2jl 0 The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh "Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God"
PSA 15 4 y1aw 0 The worthless person "The wicked person" or "The person who has rejected Yahweh"
PSA 15 5 qq63 figs-metaphor 0 will never be shaken Here "to be shaken" represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "will live in safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 16 intro hm6c 0 # Psalm 016 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Messiah
God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ's resurrection when it says that he is God's anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])
#### Superscription
The term "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as "psalm."
+PSA 16 intro hm6c 0 # Psalm 016 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Messiah
God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ's resurrection when it says that he is God's anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])
### Superscription
The term "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as "psalm."
PSA 16 1 m94a writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 16 1 u6cp figs-metaphor 0 take refuge in you Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to you for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 16 3 b6f8 figs-explicit 0 the holy people who are on the earth Here "holy people" refers to God's own people who trust him. Alternate translation: "your people who live in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ PSA 16 9 e6e1 0 my glory is rejoicing Possible meanings are 1) the word "glory
PSA 16 11 b54u 0 abundant joy "great joy" or "a large amount of joy"
PSA 16 11 hxq5 figs-personification 0 joy resides in your presence The writer speaks of "joy" as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 16 11 v4yr figs-idiom 0 in your right hand The words "right hand" indicate being in God's special presence. Alternate translation: "when I am near you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA 17 intro thd2 0 # Psalm 017 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Innocence
The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]])
+PSA 17 intro thd2 0 # Psalm 017 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Innocence
The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]])
PSA 17 1 y32y writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 17 1 z6y3 figs-metaphor 0 Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit The phrase "give ear" is a metaphor for listening, and "lips without deceit" is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. Alternate translation: "Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 17 2 k4su figs-metaphor 0 Let my vindication come from your presence Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God's "presence" is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: "Let my vindication come from you" or "Declare that I am innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ PSA 17 14 xg3n figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones
PSA 17 14 knu1 figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies ... with riches Here "fill the bellies ... with riches" is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are 1) "You will give many riches to the people you love" or 2) "you will give the men of this world many riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 17 15 ck39 figs-synecdoche 0 I will see your face in righteousness Here "face" represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate translation: "because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 17 15 bpx8 figs-explicit 0 I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: "After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PSA 18 intro enj7 0 # Psalm 018 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's power
God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences.
+PSA 18 intro enj7 0 # Psalm 018 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's power
God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences.
PSA 18 1 xfk3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 18 1 ig1a 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 18 1 vm1x 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ PSA 18 49 f8x9 figs-explicit 0 among the nations Here the writer means that he
PSA 18 49 qvh1 figs-metonymy 0 to your name Here "name" represents God himself. Alternate translation: "in honor of your name" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 18 50 ggt6 figs-123person 0 victory to his king By using the words "his king," David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 18 50 sw5u 0 he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one ... to his descendants forever "he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever"
-PSA 19 intro sn29 0 # Psalm 019 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's law
God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
+PSA 19 intro sn29 0 # Psalm 019 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's law
God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
PSA 19 1 s9h1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 19 1 j4zh 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 19 1 mn6q 0 The heavens declare The heavens are described as if they were a person. Alternate translation: "The heavens show" or "The heavens look like they declare"
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ PSA 19 14 l16r figs-metonymy 0 the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my hea
PSA 19 14 t28d 0 be acceptable in your sight "receive approval in your sight" or "be pleasing to you"
PSA 19 14 bu1w figs-metaphor 0 in your sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: "in your judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 19 14 vn8k figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, my rock The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, you are like my rock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 20 intro h99t 0 # Psalm 020 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+PSA 20 intro h99t 0 # Psalm 020 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 20 1 v6pl writing-poetry 0 General Information: This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 20 1 h9gw 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 20 1 vrb5 0 help you The word "you" in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king.
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ PSA 20 8 g7uv figs-doublet 0 brought down and fall Both these verbs mean basica
PSA 20 8 y7lr figs-doublet 0 we will rise and stand upright "we will get up and stand up straight." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 20 9 c5i4 0 Yahweh, rescue the king Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king or 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.
PSA 20 9 brk5 0 the king; help us when we call Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: "King, help us when we call you"
-PSA 21 intro mq8x 0 # Psalm 021 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pronouns
There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.
+PSA 21 intro mq8x 0 # Psalm 021 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pronouns
There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.
PSA 21 1 k12k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 21 1 h69b 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 21 1 bt8s 0 in your strength, Yahweh It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. Alternate translation: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies"
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ PSA 21 12 ti25 figs-idiom 0 you will turn them back This is a way of saying tha
PSA 21 12 ge87 figs-explicit 0 you will draw your bow before them This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 21 13 aul7 0 Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh, show us that you are very strong" or 2) "Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you"
PSA 21 13 w52b figs-doublet 0 we will sing and praise your power The words "sing" and "praise" share similar meanings. Here the word "power" represents God and his power. Alternate translation: "with singing we will praise you because you are powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 22 intro y7hl 0 # Psalm 022 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Messiah
Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.
#### New Testament usage
This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
+PSA 22 intro y7hl 0 # Psalm 022 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Messiah
Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.
### New Testament usage
This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
PSA 22 1 lw3l writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 22 1 k951 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 22 1 ux16 0 The rhythm of the deer This may refer to a style of music.
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ PSA 22 30 tak2 figs-metonymy 0 A generation to come Here "A generation" represe
PSA 22 30 l73k figs-metonymy 0 the next generation Here "generation" represents the people of that generation. Alternate translation: "the people of the next generation" or "their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 22 30 j95t 0 of the Lord "about the Lord" or "about what the Lord has done"
PSA 22 31 lt28 figs-abstractnouns 0 tell of his righteousness The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "tell of the righteous things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 23 intro r1f6 0 # Psalm 023 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PSA 23 intro r1f6 0 # Psalm 023 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 23 1 h1x8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
PSA 23 1 t39n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my shepherd The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is like a shepherd to me" or "Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 23 1 gb7q figs-litotes 0 I will lack nothing This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "I have everything that I need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ PSA 23 6 y8zc figs-metaphor 0 Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pu
PSA 23 6 ep2g figs-abstractnouns 0 all the days of my life The abstract noun "life" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "as long as I live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 23 6 u2bl 0 the house of Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) this refers to Yahweh's eternal home, or 2) this refers to Yahweh's temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood.
PSA 23 6 u53m figs-idiom 0 for the length of my days This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: "as long as I live" or "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA 24 intro cw5j 0 # Psalm 024 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Righteous people
Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical Questions
The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+PSA 24 intro cw5j 0 # Psalm 024 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Righteous people
Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical Questions
The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 24 1 nne9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 24 1 hma5 figs-abstractnouns 0 its fullness The abstract noun "fullness" can be stated with the verb "fills." Alternate translation: "everything that fills it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 24 2 v6lt figs-parallelism 0 For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers Here "founded it upon the seas" and "established it on the rivers" mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. Alternate translation: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ PSA 24 7 z61a figs-synecdoche 0 Lift up your heads It is uncertain what specifi
PSA 24 8 bp2e figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 24 9 hl69 figs-parallelism 0 Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in [Psalms 24:7](../024/007.md). Alternate translation: "Open up, you ancient gates" or "Open these ancient gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 24 9 fk49 figs-synecdoche 0 Lift up your heads It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA 25 intro utp4 0 # Psalm 025 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 25 is a prayer for God's help.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The humble
God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.
+PSA 25 intro utp4 0 # Psalm 025 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 25 is a prayer for God's help.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The humble
God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.
PSA 25 1 sq2m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 25 1 z3ls figs-metaphor 0 I lift up my life The phrase "lift up my life" is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I give myself to you" or 2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I worship and adore you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 25 2 m2b6 figs-activepassive 0 Do not let me be humiliated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ PSA 25 21 b36j figs-personification 0 May integrity and uprightness preserve me
PSA 25 21 d4fj 0 preserve me "keep me safe"
PSA 25 22 vj9z 0 Rescue Israel "Save Israel" or "Redeem Israel"
PSA 25 22 msf4 figs-metonymy 0 Israel ... his troubles Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel ... our troubles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 26 intro q9dz 0 # Psalm 026 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
+PSA 26 intro q9dz 0 # Psalm 026 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
PSA 26 1 h9z4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 26 1 b9cq figs-metaphor 0 I have walked The word "walked" is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: "I have behaved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 26 1 am7u figs-123person 0 in Yahweh The third person use of "Yahweh" can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: "in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ PSA 26 11 vu5m figs-metaphor 0 I will walk in integrity "Walk" here is a metaph
PSA 26 12 xe4n figs-synecdoche 0 My foot stands Here "foot" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "I stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 26 12 apj3 figs-metaphor 0 level ground Possible meanings are that "level ground" represents 1) a safe place or 2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 26 12 p8c6 0 in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh "when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you"
-PSA 27 intro ru1e 0 # Psalm 027 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
Because of God's help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.
+PSA 27 intro ru1e 0 # Psalm 027 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
Because of God's help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.
PSA 27 1 cx3f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 27 1 pgd5 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh is my light Here "light" represents life. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is the source of my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 27 1 f2iu figs-rquestion 0 whom should I fear? This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. Alternate translation: "I will not be afraid of anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ PSA 27 13 wld8 figs-idiom 0 in the land of the living This refers to being aliv
PSA 27 14 g4pq 0 Wait for Yahweh ... Wait for Yahweh! This verse may be 1) the writer speaking to himself or 2) the writer speaking to others or 3) someone speaking to the writer.
PSA 27 14 m8gs figs-synecdoche 0 let your heart be courageous Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "be courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 27 14 yng1 0 Wait for Yahweh! This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm.
-PSA 28 intro a18t 0 # Psalm 028 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
+PSA 28 intro a18t 0 # Psalm 028 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
PSA 28 1 p6ea writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 28 1 t7sd 0 I cry out "I call out loudly"
PSA 28 1 vx2c figs-metaphor 0 my rock This is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: "my strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ PSA 28 8 vd99 figs-metaphor 0 he is the saving refuge of his anointed one Yahwe
PSA 28 8 yh2k figs-metonymy 0 his anointed one The represents the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 28 9 at1a figs-metaphor 0 your inheritance This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. Alternate translation: "your possession" or "those who belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 28 9 e7e7 figs-metaphor 0 Be their shepherd and carry them forever The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. Alternate translation: "Be like their shepherd and protect them forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 29 intro b4tt 0 # Psalm 029 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's power
God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metonymy
The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+PSA 29 intro b4tt 0 # Psalm 029 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's power
God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metonymy
The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 29 1 kq7e writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 29 1 bc7z figs-idiom 0 you sons of God The phrase "sons of" is a way of saying "having the characteristics of." Alternate translation: "you mighty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 29 1 i354 figs-abstractnouns 0 ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength The abstract nouns "glory" and "strength" can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ PSA 29 9 f33q figs-metaphor 0 strips the forests bare Removing the leaves of th
PSA 29 10 mk7u figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh sits as king This means that Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: "Yahweh rules" or "Yahweh is king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 29 10 b6k6 0 over the flood Here "flood" refers to waters that cover the earth.
PSA 29 11 vm7e figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh blesses his people with peace The word "peace" is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: "Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 30 intro eee3 0 # Psalm 030 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The psalmist's death
If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God.
+PSA 30 intro eee3 0 # Psalm 030 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The psalmist's death
If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God.
PSA 30 1 iaj9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 30 1 e8py 0 a song at the dedication of the temple "This song was sung when the temple was dedicated"
PSA 30 1 ig1t figs-metaphor 0 you have raised me up The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. Alternate translation: "you rescued me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ PSA 30 11 fh4q figs-abstractnouns 0 You have turned my mourning into dancing It
PSA 30 11 y5wj figs-metonymy 0 you have removed my sackcloth Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. Alternate translation: "You have caused me to no longer be sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 30 11 l9jm figs-metaphor 0 clothed me with gladness The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. Alternate translation: "caused me to be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 30 12 b717 figs-synecdoche 0 my glory will sing praise to you Here "my glory" refers to the writer's soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. Alternate translation: "I will sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA 31 intro j2an 0 # Psalm 031 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist's enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Abandonment
Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him.
+PSA 31 intro j2an 0 # Psalm 031 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist's enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Abandonment
Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him.
PSA 31 1 ggk4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 31 1 yu4y 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 31 1 fs4i figs-metaphor 0 In you, Yahweh, I take refuge Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "I go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ PSA 31 22 aku2 figs-synecdoche 0 your eyes Here Yahweh is represented by his "e
PSA 31 22 pa4l figs-abstractnouns 0 you heard my plea for help Here "plea" can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: "you heard me plead for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 31 23 a8kd figs-nominaladj 0 the faithful This refers to the faithful people. Alternate translation: "the people who are faithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 31 23 el6y figs-idiom 0 he pays back the arrogant in full Here "pay back" is an idiom that refers to punishment. Alternate translation: "he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA 32 intro le2f 0 # Psalm 032 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Confession of sin
This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God's forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])
+PSA 32 intro le2f 0 # Psalm 032 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Confession of sin
This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God's forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])
PSA 32 1 w4yz writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 32 1 tgw8 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
PSA 32 1 pzp9 figs-parallelism 0 whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ PSA 32 11 zxp2 figs-idiom 0 Be glad in Yahweh Here "in Yahweh" refers to what Y
PSA 32 11 n71r figs-nominaladj 0 you righteous This refers to people. Alternate translation: "you righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 32 11 gs62 0 shout for joy "shout joyfully" or "shout because of joy"
PSA 32 11 ame7 figs-synecdoche 0 who are upright in heart Here "heart" refers to the person. Alternate translation: "people who are upright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA 33 intro m4ih 0 # Psalm 033 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's power
God is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle.
+PSA 33 intro m4ih 0 # Psalm 033 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's power
God is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle.
PSA 33 1 b979 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 33 1 x3gc figs-idiom 0 Rejoice in Yahweh Here "in Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh has done for them. "Rejoice because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 33 1 jn1l 0 praise is appropriate for the upright "to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people"
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ PSA 33 21 ujv3 figs-synecdoche 0 Our hearts rejoice Here "hearts" refer to the
PSA 33 21 eu9i figs-metonymy 0 in his holy name Here "holy name" refers to Yahweh's holy character. Alternate translation: "in his holy character" or "in him because he is holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 33 22 nn9g figs-metaphor 0 Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness were with them. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: "May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 33 22 jye8 0 as we put our hope in you "as we hope for your help"
-PSA 34 intro az5s 0 # Psalm 034 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
+PSA 34 intro az5s 0 # Psalm 034 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
PSA 34 1 p9iv writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 34 1 w9ay 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
PSA 34 1 j36y 0 pretended to be insane "acted like a crazy person"
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ PSA 34 21 v5tb figs-activepassive 0 Those who hate the righteous will be condem
PSA 34 21 a6li figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 34 22 pl7j figs-activepassive 0 None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned This can be stated in active form. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 34 22 wb23 figs-metaphor 0 take refuge in him Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 35 intro d3ln 0 # Psalm 035 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Enemies
When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him.
+PSA 35 intro d3ln 0 # Psalm 035 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Enemies
When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him.
PSA 35 1 u6dy writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 35 2 uj8w figs-metaphor 0 Grab your small shield and large shield The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 35 2 f9eb 0 small shield and large shield these are defensive weapons
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ PSA 35 27 zr5u figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh be praised This can be stated in act
PSA 35 27 l9kp 0 who delights in "who is happy with" or "who is glad for"
PSA 35 27 ra7f 0 welfare well-being, happiness
PSA 35 28 b4q3 figs-abstractnouns 0 tell of your justice The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "right." Alternate translation: "proclaim that you act in the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 36 intro a634 0 # Psalm 036 General Notes
### Formatting in this chapter
Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God and man
Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+PSA 36 intro a634 0 # Psalm 036 General Notes
## Formatting in this chapter
Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God and man
Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 36 1 d19d writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 36 1 hw62 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 36 1 eg5r figs-genericnoun 0 An evil man This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. Alternate translation: "Evil people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ PSA 36 11 a5wg 0 drive me away "send me away" or "make me leave my place"
PSA 36 12 mm9r figs-metaphor 0 evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 36 12 q7yf figs-activepassive 0 they are knocked down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have knocked them down" or "you have destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 36 12 bmn7 0 are not able to get up "cannot get up"
-PSA 37 intro tv7e 0 # Psalm 037 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Envy
Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
+PSA 37 intro tv7e 0 # Psalm 037 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Envy
Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
PSA 37 1 bd2s writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 37 1 a1ye 0 Do not be irritated because of evildoers "Do not let wicked people upset you" or "Do not be bothered by what wicked people do"
PSA 37 2 y2vk figs-simile 0 dry up as the grass ... wither as the green plants Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. Alternate translation: "die" or "come to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ PSA 37 39 m69g figs-abstractnouns 0 Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahwe
PSA 37 39 rjp3 figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous This refers to the righteous people. Alternate translation: "the righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 37 40 jus5 figs-parallelism 0 helps ... rescues ... saves This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 37 40 qwg7 figs-metaphor 0 they have taken refuge in him Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "they have gone to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 38 intro ysy3 0 # Psalm 038 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Author's sickness
The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him.
+PSA 38 intro ysy3 0 # Psalm 038 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Author's sickness
The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him.
PSA 38 1 nsf9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 38 1 n1x9 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
PSA 38 1 nd38 figs-parallelism 0 do not rebuke me in your anger ... do not punish me in your wrath These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1376,7 +1376,7 @@ PSA 38 21 czy3 figs-parallelism 0 Do not abandon me ... do not stay far away fr
PSA 38 21 nrs8 figs-metaphor 0 do not stay far away from me Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 22 zv2x figs-metaphor 0 Come quickly to help me God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 22 a3xa figs-abstractnouns 0 my salvation The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "you are the one who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 39 intro z1zc 0 # Psalm 039 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Life
Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God's healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.
+PSA 39 intro z1zc 0 # Psalm 039 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Life
Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God's healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.
PSA 39 1 lx3e writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 39 1 rc8d 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship,"
PSA 39 1 br39 translate-names 0 Jeduthun One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ PSA 39 12 ae4r figs-metaphor 0 Do not be deaf to me The writer speaks of Yahweh
PSA 39 12 nnj1 figs-simile 0 I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee The writer speaks of Yahweh's lack of response as if Yahweh considered him to be a total stranger to him. Alternate translation: "I am like a complete stranger to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 39 13 k2nr figs-metonymy 0 Turn your gaze from me Here "your gaze" represents Yahweh's punishment. Alternate translation: "Please stop punishing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 39 13 kfn1 figs-metonymy 0 so that I may smile again Here "smile" is associated with being happy. Alternate translation: "so that I can be happy again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 40 intro ik39 0 # Psalm 040 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sacrifices
God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them.
+PSA 40 intro ik39 0 # Psalm 040 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Sacrifices
God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them.
PSA 40 1 k46g writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 40 1 q9w4 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 40 1 yu4m 0 I waited patiently for Yahweh This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him.
@@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ PSA 40 17 a8vb figs-parallelism 0 You are my help ... you come to my rescue The
PSA 40 17 g2mh 0 You are my help "You are the one who helps me"
PSA 40 17 zf6l 0 you come to my rescue "you come to save me"
PSA 40 17 c1t7 figs-litotes 0 do not delay This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "respond quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
-PSA 41 intro q9l9 0 # Psalm 041 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author's friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Enemies
The author's best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death.
+PSA 41 intro q9l9 0 # Psalm 041 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author's friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Enemies
The author's best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death.
PSA 41 1 y6js writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 41 1 ay4z 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 41 1 bd73 0 he who is concerned for the weak ... rescue him The words "he" and "him" refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
@@ -1485,7 +1485,7 @@ PSA 41 12 jj35 figs-metaphor 0 will keep me before your face The writer speaks
PSA 41 13 s4va 0 General Information: This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41.
PSA 41 13 xi7f figs-merism 0 from everlasting to everlasting This refers to two extremes and means for all time. Alternate translation: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 41 13 d4ws figs-doublet 0 Amen and Amen The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. Alternate translation: "May it certainly be so" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA 42 intro mu68 0 # Psalm 042 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's deliverance
The psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem.
#### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43
Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.
#### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of the sons of Korah." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 42 intro mu68 0 # Psalm 042 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's deliverance
The psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem.
### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43
Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.
### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of the sons of Korah." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 42 1 t39i writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 42 1 rt7c 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 42 1 c3mx 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
@@ -1524,7 +1524,7 @@ PSA 42 10 ae82 figs-rquestion 0 Where is your God? The writer's enemies use thi
PSA 42 11 evd8 figs-rquestion 0 Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: "I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 42 11 wp6h figs-metaphor 0 bowed down The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 42 11 ghd7 figs-imperative 0 Hope in God The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
-PSA 43 intro x44y 0 # Psalm 043 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Encouragement
The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
#### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43
Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.
+PSA 43 intro x44y 0 # Psalm 043 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Encouragement
The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43
Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.
PSA 43 1 il4d writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 43 2 quk8 0 the God of my strength Possible meanings are 1) "the God who protects me" or 2) "the God who gives me strength."
PSA 43 2 a96e figs-rquestion 0 Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ PSA 43 5 qb88 figs-rquestion 0 Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you ups
PSA 43 5 wn18 figs-metaphor 0 bowed down The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). Alternate translation: "discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 43 5 z1zd figs-imperative 0 Hope in God The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
PSA 43 5 dgl5 figs-doublet 0 my salvation and my God The phrase "my salvation" refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. Alternate translation: "my God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA 44 intro cu7e 0 # Psalm 044 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God's help against enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Enemies
When Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God's help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
#### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 44 intro cu7e 0 # Psalm 044 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God's help against enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Enemies
When Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God's help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 44 1 gi44 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 44 1 n2t8 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 44 1 vwd3 0 A psalm of the sons of Korah "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote."
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ PSA 44 25 f1gv figs-metaphor 0 For we have sunk down into the dust The writer s
PSA 44 25 q4te figs-metaphor 0 our bodies cling to the earth The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 44 26 gbh3 figs-idiom 0 Rise up This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. Alternate translation: "Take action" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 44 26 uu4n figs-abstractnouns 0 for the sake of your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "to show that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 45 intro hk23 0 # Psalm 045 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king's wedding day.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Beauty
The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful.
#### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 45 intro hk23 0 # Psalm 045 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king's wedding day.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Beauty
The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful.
### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 45 1 v3sl writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 45 1 p8j6 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 45 1 f1a1 0 set to Shoshannim This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as "set to the tune of 'Lilies.'"
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ PSA 45 16 x1cw 0 Connecting Statement: The writer continues to address the kin
PSA 45 16 jy9e 0 In the place of your fathers will be your children This means that the king's sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king.
PSA 45 16 wu3k figs-hyperbole 0 you will make princes in all the earth The phrase "in all the earth" is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. Alternate translation: "you will make rulers over many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PSA 45 17 n62l figs-metonymy 0 I will make your name to be remembered in all generations Here the word "I" refers to the writer. The word "name" refers to the king's character and reputation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 46 intro w4ye 0 # Psalm 046 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God.
### Special concepts in this chapter
God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
+PSA 46 intro w4ye 0 # Psalm 046 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God.
## Special concepts in this chapter
God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
PSA 46 1 pye4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 46 1 b2mp 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 46 1 t2j8 0 A psalm of the sons of Korah "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"
@@ -1679,7 +1679,7 @@ PSA 46 10 ua4x figs-explicit 0 Be quiet In this context, these words are likely
PSA 46 10 u2j9 0 know that I am God Here the word "know" means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God.
PSA 46 10 ssq3 figs-parallelism 0 I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 46 11 gl4e figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in [Psalms 46:7](../046/007.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 47 intro j9a7 0 # Psalm 047 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's power
God is powerful over all the nations in the world.
+PSA 47 intro j9a7 0 # Psalm 047 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's power
God is powerful over all the nations in the world.
PSA 47 1 l66j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 47 1 xf2n 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 47 1 uqb5 figs-explicit 0 Clap your hands Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. Alternate translation: "Clap your hands in celebration" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@ PSA 47 6 wn5w figs-parallelism 0 Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praise
PSA 47 9 vxi7 0 The princes of the peoples "The rulers of all the nations"
PSA 47 9 kg5b 0 gathered together to the people Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations 1) "gather in front of the people" or 2) "gathered together with the people" so that all may worship God as king.
PSA 47 9 eew2 figs-metaphor 0 the shields of the earth belong to God Possible meanings are that "shields" 1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: "God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth" or 2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: "the kings of the earth are subject to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 48 intro wfx3 0 # Psalm 048 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Jerusalem
Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
It is helpful to know that "Mount Zion" is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.
+PSA 48 intro wfx3 0 # Psalm 048 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Jerusalem
Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
It is helpful to know that "Mount Zion" is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.
PSA 48 1 s5c1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God's dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 48 1 az4y figs-activepassive 0 greatly to be praised This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: "people are to praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 48 1 az2x 0 the city of our God on his holy mountain This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.
@@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ PSA 48 12 r196 figs-parallelism 0 Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her Th
PSA 48 13 d5xm 0 notice well "notice in detail"
PSA 48 14 wub8 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will be our guide The word "guide" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "he will guide us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 48 14 rmz8 0 to death Possible meanings are 1) "until we die" or 2) "forever."
-PSA 49 intro r9r3 0 # Psalm 049 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Riches
Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 49 intro r9r3 0 # Psalm 049 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Riches
Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 49 1 wm6j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 49 1 f4gj 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 49 1 a8dr figs-parallelism 0 Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1773,7 +1773,7 @@ PSA 49 17 cz54 figs-euphemism 0 his glory will not go down after him The phrase
PSA 49 18 eq9c figs-synecdoche 0 He blessed his soul Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate translation: "He congratulated himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 49 19 hq9g figs-euphemism 0 he will go to the generation of his fathers "he will go to where his fathers' generation is." This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. Alternate translation: "he will join his ancestors in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 49 19 dvh8 figs-metaphor 0 they will never see the light again The word "they" refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word "light" may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. Alternate translation: "they will never see the sun again" or "they will never live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 50 intro cbd7 0 # Psalm 050 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sacrifices
God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+PSA 50 intro cbd7 0 # Psalm 050 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Sacrifices
God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 50 1 v4hj writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song that teaches people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 50 1 wpn8 0 The Mighty One, God, Yahweh The author uses three different names to speak of God.
PSA 50 1 s58x figs-metonymy 0 called the earth Here the word "earth" refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: "called all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ PSA 50 22 jz7u figs-metaphor 0 you who forget God God speaks of the wicked reje
PSA 50 22 ql5f figs-metaphor 0 I will tear you to pieces God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. Alternate translation: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 23 u8xr figs-metaphor 0 plans his path in the right way God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. Alternate translation: "lives his life the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 23 u5xv figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show God's salvation The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "save." God refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: "I will save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-PSA 51 intro uij8 0 # Psalm 051 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Repentance
The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])
#### Author of Psalm
Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign.
+PSA 51 intro uij8 0 # Psalm 051 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Repentance
The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])
### Author of Psalm
Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign.
PSA 51 1 v8pw writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 51 1 rl6b 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 51 1 ia5j 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
@@ -1855,7 +1855,7 @@ PSA 51 17 e3fd figs-metaphor 0 a broken spirit A broken spirit represents a hum
PSA 51 17 r49l figs-metonymy 0 a broken and a contrite heart Being humble and sorry for one's sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. Alternate translation: "sorrow and humility" or "a person who is sorry for his sin and humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 51 18 sl4i figs-metaphor 0 rebuild the walls of Jerusalem The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are 1) "enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem" or 2) "protect Jerusalem and make it strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 19 qe3h 0 our people will offer bulls on your altar A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God's instruction.
-PSA 52 intro gx5r 0 # Psalm 052 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Evil people
Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
#### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 52 intro gx5r 0 # Psalm 052 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Evil people
Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 52 1 xe8m writing-poetry 0 General Information: In this psalm the word "you" refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 52 1 eve8 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 52 1 px5f 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
@@ -1881,7 +1881,7 @@ PSA 52 8 e2xz figs-simile 0 I am like a green olive tree in God's house Being s
PSA 52 8 ydi4 0 in God's house This refers to God's temple.
PSA 52 8 bgx6 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 52 9 cj6z figs-metonymy 0 I will wait for your name, because it is good God's name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. Alternate translation: "I will wait for you, because you are good" or "I will wait for you to help me, because you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 53 intro u3hp 0 # Psalm 053 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's watching mankind
God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
#### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 53 intro u3hp 0 # Psalm 053 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's watching mankind
God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 53 1 btc5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 53 1 kkk8 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 53 1 a9tq translate-transliterate 0 set to Mahalath This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
@@ -1898,7 +1898,7 @@ PSA 53 6 awk5 figs-metonymy 0 the salvation of Israel would come from Zion The
PSA 53 6 hj3c 0 When God brings back his people from the captivity "When God saves his captive people"
PSA 53 6 fw2j figs-parallelism 0 Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad! These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 53 6 xbm3 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 54 intro vvf3 0 # Psalm 054 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Rescue
Evil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
#### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 54 intro vvf3 0 # Psalm 054 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Rescue
Evil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 54 1 fa4h writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 54 1 s1kh 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 54 1 nwg2 0 on stringed instruments "people should play stringed instruments with this song"
@@ -1918,7 +1918,7 @@ PSA 54 5 y135 0 in your faithfulness, destroy them Here David changes from tal
PSA 54 6 kq3s figs-synecdoche 0 I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good Yahweh's name represents him. Alternate translation: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 54 7 q8mm figs-synecdoche 0 my eye has looked The eye represents the person. Alternate translation: "I have looked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 54 7 z3ih figs-metonymy 0 my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies Possible meanings are 1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: "I have seen that my enemies have been defeated" or 2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: "I have defeated my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 55 intro fx5e 0 # Psalm 055 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Betrayal
The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
#### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 55 intro fx5e 0 # Psalm 055 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Betrayal
The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
### Superscription
This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 55 1 gsm2 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 55 1 v48i 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 55 1 y5nc 0 on stringed instruments "people should play stringed instruments with this song"
@@ -1978,7 +1978,7 @@ PSA 55 23 b5vk 0 the pit of destruction This probably refers to the grave or h
PSA 55 23 u8sz figs-metonymy 0 will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction This represents causing people to die. Alternate translation: "will cause the wicked to die" or "will cause wicked people to die and go to the place where dead people are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 55 23 kab2 0 bloodthirsty and deceitful men "people who lie and who want to kill others" or "deceitful murderers"
PSA 55 23 pe8d 0 even half as long as others "even half as long as other people live"
-PSA 56 intro h1w3 0 # Psalm 056 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Fear
Although the psalmist's enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him.
#### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
+PSA 56 intro h1w3 0 # Psalm 056 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Fear
Although the psalmist's enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him.
### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
PSA 56 1 xsm1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 56 1 by4v 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship;"
PSA 56 1 azv1 0 set to Jonath elem rehokim This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. Alternate translation: "Sing this psalm using the tune of 'Jonath elem rehokim'" or "Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style"
@@ -2007,7 +2007,7 @@ PSA 56 12 mw9n figs-metaphor 0 The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me Bein
PSA 56 13 y3b3 figs-synecdoche 0 you have kept my feet from falling The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate translation: "you have kept me from falling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 56 13 y78t figs-metaphor 0 so that I may walk before God Living and being seen by God is spoken of as walking before God. Alternate translation: "so that I may live in God's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 56 13 npe7 figs-metonymy 0 in the light of the living Here "the light of the living" probably represents God's enabling people to live. Alternate translation: "with the life that you give" or "because you enable me to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 57 intro hv64 0 # Psalm 057 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Fear
Since God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies.
#### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
+PSA 57 intro hv64 0 # Psalm 057 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Fear
Since God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies.
### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
PSA 57 1 i8s5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 57 1 ga1f 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 57 1 s96j 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Al Tashheth'" or "sing this using the Al Tashheth style"
@@ -2040,7 +2040,7 @@ PSA 57 10 tna7 figs-metaphor 0 For great is your unfailing love, reaching to th
PSA 57 10 ywg7 figs-ellipsis 0 your faithfulness to the clouds The words "great is your" and "reaching" are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "great is your faithfulness, reaching to the clouds" or "your faithfulness is as great as the distance from the earth to the clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 57 11 yyx8 figs-metaphor 0 Be exalted, God, above the heavens The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 57 11 n64e 0 may your glory be exalted over all the earth The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. Alternate translation: "show your glory over all the earth"
-PSA 58 intro dhx6 0 # Psalm 058 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Deliverance
Although the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
#### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
+PSA 58 intro dhx6 0 # Psalm 058 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Deliverance
Although the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
PSA 58 1 qfv5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about wicked people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 58 1 d8qb 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 58 1 zc3z 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md).
@@ -2072,7 +2072,7 @@ PSA 58 9 ka8t 0 the thorn's burning heat ... the green thorns and the burning
PSA 58 10 wz3e figs-genericnoun 0 The righteous will rejoice when he sees The phrase "the righteous" refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: "Righteous people will rejoice when they see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
PSA 58 10 gi2k figs-metaphor 0 he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked Getting one's feet wet by walking on blood is spoken of as washing the feet in blood. Alternate translation: "the righteous will make their feet wet in the blood of the wicked" or "the righteous will march on the blood of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 58 10 ll57 figs-metaphor 0 he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked This exaggeration expresses that a great number of wicked people will die. Alternate translation: "so many wicked people will die that when the righteous march on their blood, it will seem as if they could wash their feet in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-PSA 59 intro zf27 0 # Psalm 059 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Protection
The author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God.
#### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
+PSA 59 intro zf27 0 # Psalm 059 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Protection
The author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God.
### Superscription
The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."
PSA 59 1 w4sd writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 59 1 p57e 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 59 1 me33 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md).
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ PSA 59 17 q7yw figs-sentences 0 To you, my strength, I will sing praises "To yo
PSA 59 17 g4db figs-metonymy 0 my strength God's being the psalmist's strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: "my protector" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 59 17 m2u5 figs-metaphor 0 for God is my high tower High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: "you have protected me like a high tower" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 59 17 shn4 figs-abstractnouns 0 the God of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "He is the God who is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 60 intro wza8 0 # Psalm 060 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 60 is a psalm of war.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Protection
God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom.
+PSA 60 intro wza8 0 # Psalm 060 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 60 is a psalm of war.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Protection
God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom.
PSA 60 1 ev3m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 60 1 usc3 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 60 1 vsl6 0 set to Shushan Eduth This probably tells what tune or musical style to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Shushan Eduth'" or "sing this using the Shushan Eduth style"
@@ -2150,7 +2150,7 @@ PSA 60 10 v89k figs-metaphor 0 You do not go into battle with our army The psal
PSA 60 11 sm5b 0 is futile "is worthless"
PSA 60 12 x5wt 0 will triumph "will defeat our enemies"
PSA 60 12 i34s figs-metaphor 0 he will trample down our enemies The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. Alternate translation: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 61 intro is6k 0 # Psalm 061 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 61 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Vow
The author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+PSA 61 intro is6k 0 # Psalm 061 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 61 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Vow
The author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 61 1 u44c writing-poetry 0 General Information: This is a song about God's faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 61 1 y257 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 61 1 w7m6 0 on a stringed instrument "people should play a stringed instrument with this song"
@@ -2165,7 +2165,7 @@ PSA 61 6 dq7t figs-metonymy 0 his years will be like many generations Here "yea
PSA 61 7 j14f figs-explicit 0 He will remain before God forever Here "to remain before God" means to be in God's presence or to be with God. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: "God will be with him forever" or "God will be with the king forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 61 8 ut6s figs-metonymy 0 I will sing praise to your name forever Here "name" stands for God himself. Alternate translation: "I will always sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 61 8 yd7n 0 my vows These refer to the promise to offer sacrifices to God every day.
-PSA 62 intro dc2q 0 # Psalm 062 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
Although the psalmist's enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind.
+PSA 62 intro dc2q 0 # Psalm 062 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
Although the psalmist's enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind.
PSA 62 1 fc8k writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about God's faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 62 1 a4ay 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 62 1 zun4 translate-names 0 Jeduthun One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ PSA 62 11 x8ts 0 God has spoken once, twice have I heard this This means that
PSA 62 11 kc1v figs-metaphor 0 power belongs to God God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun "power" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "God is powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 62 12 n56f figs-metaphor 0 Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 62 12 gl1p figs-metaphor 0 for you pay back every person for what he has done The writer speaks of God's rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 63 intro py5b 0 # Psalm 063 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.
+PSA 63 intro py5b 0 # Psalm 063 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.
PSA 63 1 rct4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 63 1 jrr4 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
PSA 63 1 d7d1 0 earnestly sincerely
@@ -2217,7 +2217,7 @@ PSA 63 10 ru7l 0 the jackals "jackals" here are a kind of long-legged wild dog
PSA 63 11 q4st figs-explicit 0 the king will David is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: "I, the king of Israel, will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 63 11 lcq4 0 swears by him ... proud of him The word "him" refers to "God."
PSA 63 11 a434 figs-synecdoche 0 but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up Here "the mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but God will silence the liars" or "but God will silence those who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 64 intro t6rs 0 # Psalm 064 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Plotting of enemies
The author's enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 64 intro t6rs 0 # Psalm 064 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Plotting of enemies
The author's enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 64 1 b1fk writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 64 1 j144 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 64 1 y5d6 0 preserve save
@@ -2236,7 +2236,7 @@ PSA 64 8 f4zp figs-metonymy 0 since their own tongues are against them Here "to
PSA 64 9 gv21 0 what he has done "what God has done"
PSA 64 10 v64d figs-metaphor 0 take refuge in him Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to him for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 64 10 pzy4 figs-idiom 0 all the upright in heart will take pride in him Here "upright in heart" is an idiom that means godly or righteous. Alternate translation: "all the people who are godly will praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA 65 intro zl1t 0 # Psalm 065 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's power
God answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well.
+PSA 65 intro zl1t 0 # Psalm 065 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's power
God answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well.
PSA 65 1 g299 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 65 1 qt1y 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 65 1 ce6n figs-personification 0 For you, God in Zion, our praise waits This speaks of praise as if it were a person who could act on its own. Alternate translation: "To you alone, God in Zion, we will offer our praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -2276,7 +2276,7 @@ PSA 65 13 le4m 0 pastures a large field where animals feed on the grass
PSA 65 13 h9k9 0 flocks group of animals, such as sheep and goats
PSA 65 13 kh7i figs-personification 0 they shout for joy, and they sing The pastures, hills and valleys are so bountiful, that they seem to shout and sing for joy. Alternate translation: "they are like joyful singing people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 65 13 e1qd 0 they shout The word "they" refers to the pastures and valleys.
-PSA 66 intro xwm8 0 # Psalm 066 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 66 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh saves
Just as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 66 intro xwm8 0 # Psalm 066 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 66 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh saves
Just as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 66 1 wxl5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 66 1 kzn5 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 66 1 cmh2 figs-metonymy 0 Make a joyful noise to God, all the earth A "joyful noise to God" represents singing and shouting praises to God. Alternate translation: "Let all the earth sing and shout joyfully to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -2317,7 +2317,7 @@ PSA 66 19 n9pa figs-parallelism 0 But God has truly heard; he has paid attentio
PSA 66 19 itl3 figs-personification 0 the voice of my prayer Here the author's prayer is given the personal quality of having a voice. Alternate translation: "my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 66 20 sj37 0 who has not turned away my prayer Here "turned away' represents ignoring his prayer. Alternate translation: "who has not ignored my prayer"
PSA 66 20 p1vb figs-explicit 0 or his covenant faithfulness from me The phrase "has not turned away" is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. The idea of "his covenant faithfulness" can be translated with the phrase "being faithful to his covenant." Alternate translation: "and has not turned away his covenant faithfulness from me" or "and has not stopped being faithful to his covenant with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 67 intro g3hz 0 # Psalm 067 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 67 is a worship psalm.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
People all over the world should be praising God.
+PSA 67 intro g3hz 0 # Psalm 067 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 67 is a worship psalm.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
People all over the world should be praising God.
PSA 67 1 w6h8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 67 1 v59b 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 67 1 d6gg 0 on stringed instruments "people should play stringed instruments with this song"
@@ -2329,7 +2329,7 @@ PSA 67 4 g91t 0 with justice "fairly" or "justly"
PSA 67 5 e74n figs-parallelism 0 Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize how important it is to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 67 6 ew33 figs-personification 0 The earth has yielded its harvest Here the writer speaks of "the earth" as if it has chosen to provide a harvest to the people. Alternate translation: "We have reaped a bountiful harvest from our crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 67 7 m77g figs-metonymy 0 all the ends of the earth honor him This means that people everywhere should honor God because of his blessings. Alternate translation: "I desire that all people everywhere on the earth may have an awesome respect for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 68 intro i82v 0 # Psalm 068 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's greatness
God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
#### No Common Theme
Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.
+PSA 68 intro i82v 0 # Psalm 068 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's greatness
God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### No Common Theme
Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.
PSA 68 1 c4xg writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 68 1 mf9s 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 68 1 e798 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
@@ -2404,7 +2404,7 @@ PSA 68 34 a3cn 0 Ascribe strength to God "Ascribe" means to give credit to som
PSA 68 34 ul58 figs-abstractnouns 0 his strength is in the skies The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "powerful." Alternate translation: "in the skies he also shows that he is powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 68 35 m2ya figs-apostrophe 0 God, you are fearsome in your holy place Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
PSA 68 35 sy6i figs-doublet 0 strength and power These two words mean basically these same thing. They emphasize how much strength God provides to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA 69 intro im3w 0 # Psalm 069 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Deliverance
The author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
+PSA 69 intro im3w 0 # Psalm 069 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Deliverance
The author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
PSA 69 1 emd2 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 69 1 x1w1 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 69 1 jj9x 0 set to Shoshannim This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 45:1](../045/001.md).
@@ -2495,7 +2495,7 @@ PSA 69 34 p3qb figs-ellipsis 0 the seas and everything that moves in them It is
PSA 69 35 m398 figs-metonymy 0 God will save Zion Here "Zion" refers to the people in Zion. Alternate translation: "God will save the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 69 35 w8jf 0 have it as a possession The word "it" refers to the land of Judah.
PSA 69 36 s9pk figs-metonymy 0 who love his name Here "name" refers to God himself. Alternate translation: "who love God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 70 intro qdg2 0 # Psalm 070 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Help
The author needs help and needs it immediately.
#### Psalm 40
This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.
+PSA 70 intro qdg2 0 # Psalm 070 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Help
The author needs help and needs it immediately.
### Psalm 40
This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.
PSA 70 1 eg6f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 70 1 m2am 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 70 1 f84m 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
@@ -2514,7 +2514,7 @@ PSA 70 5 k146 figs-doublet 0 poor and needy Here the words "poor" and "needy" m
PSA 70 5 s6qa figs-metaphor 0 hurry to me The writer speaks of God as if he were running to the writer in order to help him. Alternate translation: "come quickly to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 70 5 r77i figs-parallelism 0 you are my help and you rescue me Here the phrase "you rescue me" explains how God is his "help." Alternate translation: "you help me by rescuing me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 70 5 ww8h figs-litotes 0 do not delay This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "please come quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
-PSA 71 intro r8sf 0 # Psalm 071 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
God has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+PSA 71 intro r8sf 0 # Psalm 071 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
God has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 71 1 b9md writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 71 1 lb3w figs-metaphor 0 In you, Yahweh, I take refuge Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 71 1 ew7k figs-activepassive 0 let me never be put to shame This can be stated in active form. See how "do not let me be humiliated" is translated in [Psalms 25:2](../025/002.md). Alternate translation: "never let my enemies put me to shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ PSA 71 24 wy5p figs-synecdoche 0 My tongue will also talk Here "tongue" refers
PSA 71 24 mf6u 0 they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sought my hurt "those who sought my hurt have been put to shame and are confused"
PSA 71 24 h4mq figs-activepassive 0 for they have been put to shame and are confused This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for God has put to shame and confused them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 71 24 kz4y 0 those who sought my hurt This refers to the enemies of the writer. ([Psalms 71:10](../071/010.md)). See how "those who seek my hurt" is translated in [Psalms 71:13](./013.md).
-PSA 72 intro h1hi 0 # Psalm 072 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Blessings for the king
May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king.
#### Close of Book Two
The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several "books." This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David.
+PSA 72 intro h1hi 0 # Psalm 072 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Blessings for the king
May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king.
### Close of Book Two
The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several "books." This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David.
PSA 72 1 u47g writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header "a psalm of Solomon" are 1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon ("the king's son") or 2) Solomon (who, as David's son, was "the king's son") wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or 3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 72 1 sep9 figs-123person 0 Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king's son Possible meanings are 1) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son" or 2) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king's son." People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 72 1 vw1m 0 Give the king your righteous decrees "Enable the king to judge rightly"
@@ -2636,7 +2636,7 @@ PSA 72 19 s32j 0 his glorious name be blessed "he, who is glorious, be blessed
PSA 72 19 qe7e figs-activepassive 0 may the whole earth be filled with his glory This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "may his glory fill the whole earth" or "may he fill the whole earth with his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 72 19 q3wa 0 Amen and Amen The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). Alternate translation: "May it certainly be so"
PSA 72 20 ktc5 figs-activepassive 0 The prayers of David son of Jesse are finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "David, the son of Jesse has finished his prayers" or "This is the last prayer of the David the son of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 73 intro t2n1 0 # Psalm 073 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Evil people
Sometimes it seems that wicked people have no problems and everything works for them. Despite this, they will be destroyed. In contrast, the righteous always have God to help them through problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
#### Psalms by Asaph
There are twelve psalms attributed to Asaph; the first one is Psalm 50, which is in Book Two, and the other eleven (Psalm 73–83) are at the beginning of Book Three.
+PSA 73 intro t2n1 0 # Psalm 073 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Evil people
Sometimes it seems that wicked people have no problems and everything works for them. Despite this, they will be destroyed. In contrast, the righteous always have God to help them through problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
### Psalms by Asaph
There are twelve psalms attributed to Asaph; the first one is Psalm 50, which is in Book Two, and the other eleven (Psalm 73–83) are at the beginning of Book Three.
PSA 73 1 p92k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 73 2 bq59 figs-metaphor 0 my feet almost slipped; my feet almost slipped out from under me The psalmist speaks of being unable to trust God and wanting to sin as if he had almost fallen while walking on a slippery path. Alternate translation: "I almost stopped trusting in God; I was almost guilty of committing a great sin against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 73 3 eb9z 0 I was envious of the arrogant "I envied the arrogant" or "I did not want arrogant people to have the good things that they had"
@@ -2689,7 +2689,7 @@ PSA 73 26 u7tm figs-doublet 0 My flesh and my heart These two phrases share sim
PSA 73 27 zd6j 0 General Information: Asaph continues to talk about God.
PSA 73 27 i4nr figs-metaphor 0 Those who are far from you Here the idea of staying far from God is compared to being unwilling to obey him. Alternate translation: "Those who do not want to obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 73 28 s5pl figs-metaphor 0 my refuge The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 74 intro nd5v 0 # Psalm 074 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's power
The enemies have destroyed God's temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
#### Superscription
This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 74 intro nd5v 0 # Psalm 074 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's power
The enemies have destroyed God's temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
### Superscription
This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 74 1 vy9v writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 74 1 k7ui 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
PSA 74 1 c2uv figs-rquestion 0 God, why have you rejected us forever? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "God, we have done nothing wrong, but you have rejected us forever!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ PSA 74 22 a6kn 0 call to mind "Pay attention to." God has not forgotten how fo
PSA 74 23 c7dc figs-metonymy 0 the voice of your adversaries The word "voice" is a metonym for the words people use when they speak. Alternate translation: "what your adversaries are saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 74 23 n9n5 figs-ellipsis 0 or the uproar of those who continually defy you The psalmist speaks of the words of those who defy God as if they were the loud sound of animals or non-living objects like water or the wind. Alternate translation: "and pay attention to the loud and meaningless words of those who continually defy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 23 cyg8 0 defy boldly oppose
-PSA 75 intro rtb1 0 # Psalm 075 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Punishment
God has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
+PSA 75 intro rtb1 0 # Psalm 075 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Punishment
God has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
PSA 75 1 nc37 writing-poetry 0 General Information: The people of God are speaking in 75:1, and God speaks in 75:2-3. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 75 1 isd5 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 75 1 wue5 0 set to Al Tashheth This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md).
@@ -2769,7 +2769,7 @@ PSA 75 8 x1zf 0 drink it to the last drop "drink every drop of it"
PSA 75 10 vl5i 0 He says God says
PSA 75 10 eip6 figs-metaphor 0 cut off all the horns of The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. Alternate translation: "take away all power from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 75 10 qr6b figs-metaphor 0 the horns of the righteous will be raised up The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. This can be translated as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: "I will raise up the horns of the righteous" or "I will make the righteous powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 76 intro ml6q 0 # Psalm 076 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 76 is a worship psalm.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's greatness
God is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts.
+PSA 76 intro ml6q 0 # Psalm 076 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 76 is a worship psalm.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's greatness
God is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts.
PSA 76 1 qjr7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 76 1 ps6c 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 76 1 ec3c 0 on stringed instruments "people should play stringed instruments with this song."
@@ -2795,7 +2795,7 @@ PSA 76 10 f4xe figs-metaphor 0 you gird yourself with what is left of your ange
PSA 76 11 kw7a 0 him who is to be feared "Yahweh, whom they should fear"
PSA 76 12 vwa6 figs-idiom 0 He cuts off the spirit of the princes The phrase "He cuts off the spirit" is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. Alternate translation: "He humbles the princes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 76 12 qgb5 figs-activepassive 0 he is feared by the kings of the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the kings of the earth fear him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 77 intro ks6q 0 # Psalm 077 General Notes
### Type of psalm
The author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Lament
God used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea.
+PSA 77 intro ks6q 0 # Psalm 077 General Notes
## Type of psalm
The author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Lament
God used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea.
PSA 77 1 r8dd writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 77 1 t66u 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 77 1 cek3 translate-names 0 Jeduthun One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 39:1](../039/001.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -2843,7 +2843,7 @@ PSA 77 19 k4y3 figs-activepassive 0 your footprints were not seen This can be s
PSA 77 20 iq66 figs-simile 0 You led your people like a flock This simile compares God's people to a flock of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 77 20 w73a 0 by the hand of The phrase "by the hand of" here means "by the action of" or "through the action of."
PSA 77 20 m5wn figs-synecdoche 0 hand Here "hand" is synechdoche for the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA 78 intro grf1 0 # Psalm 078 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 78 is a wisdom psalm using Israel's history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel's complaining
Although God did one miracle after the other, the people of Israel still complained and failed to believe Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
#### Superscription
This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
+PSA 78 intro grf1 0 # Psalm 078 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 78 is a wisdom psalm using Israel's history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Israel's complaining
Although God did one miracle after the other, the people of Israel still complained and failed to believe Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
### Superscription
This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 78 1 w9rf writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 78 1 n8s4 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
PSA 78 1 d6i3 figs-abstractnouns 0 Hear my teaching The noun "teaching" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "Hear what I teach" or "Hear me as I teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -2978,7 +2978,7 @@ PSA 78 70 c6y9 0 sheepfolds spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept
PSA 78 71 x189 figs-metaphor 0 to be shepherd of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage The word "shepherd" is a metaphor for one who leads and protects other people. Alternate translation: "to lead and protect the descendants of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 71 f6sh 0 his heritage "the ones he had chosen to be his forever" See how this is translated in [Psalms 78:62](../078/062.md).
PSA 78 72 q2pe figs-metaphor 0 David shepherded them The word "shepherded" is a metaphor for leading and protecting. Alternate translation: "David led them and protected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 79 intro k1lh 0 # Psalm 079 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Destruction
Jerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him.
+PSA 79 intro k1lh 0 # Psalm 079 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Destruction
Jerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him.
PSA 79 1 q2wf writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 79 1 yd8b 0 your inheritance "the land that was to be yours forever" See how this is translated in [Psalms 68:9](../068/009.md).
PSA 79 3 da6v figs-metonymy 0 They have shed their blood like water The word "blood" is a metonym for innocent life. To shed blood is to kill innocent people. Most people saw water every day, so for blood to be as common as water, many innocent people would have to die. Alternate translation: "They have killed so many innocent people that the blood is everywhere, like water after it rains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -3009,7 +3009,7 @@ PSA 79 12 v85q figs-metaphor 0 into the laps onto their knees and thighs as the
PSA 79 13 uf6h figs-metaphor 0 we your people and sheep of your pasture will give you thanks The word "sheep" is a metaphor for helpless people whom a shepherd protects and leads. Alternate translation: "we who are your people, whom you protect and lead, will thank you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 79 13 qt1i 0 tell your praises to all generations "make sure that all generations to come know all the good things you have done"
PSA 79 13 y9ux figs-metonymy 0 your praises This represents the things that people will praise them the Lord for. Alternate translation: "continue to praise you for the things that you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 80 intro lis5 0 # Psalm 080 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
Israel's enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PSA 80 intro lis5 0 # Psalm 080 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
Israel's enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
The author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 80 1 ijk8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 80 1 lsl8 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship" See how this is translated in [Psalms 4:1](../004/001.md).
PSA 80 1 gk4a 0 set to the Shoshannim This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 45:1](../045/001.md).
@@ -3056,7 +3056,7 @@ PSA 80 17 pxv7 figs-idiom 0 right hand When a man in Israel wanted to honor ano
PSA 80 18 hml7 figs-metaphor 0 we will not turn away from you Here "turn away" is a metaphor for rejecting someone. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "we will not stop worshiping and obeying you" or "we will always worship and obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 80 19 sz4h figs-metaphor 0 shine on us The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:3](../080/003.md). Alternate translation: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 80 19 q2fl figs-activepassive 0 we will be saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 81 intro dvt7 0 # Psalm 081 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 81 is a wisdom psalm. It is meant to be sung at "new moon" and "full moon" ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Obedience
If Israel would obey and worship God, he would destroy their enemies.
+PSA 81 intro dvt7 0 # Psalm 081 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 81 is a wisdom psalm. It is meant to be sung at "new moon" and "full moon" ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Obedience
If Israel would obey and worship God, he would destroy their enemies.
PSA 81 1 m6jf writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 81 1 v66t 0 A psalm of Asaph A psalm that Asaph wrote.
PSA 81 1 f39e 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship;"
@@ -3097,7 +3097,7 @@ PSA 81 15 pck7 figs-activepassive 0 May they be humiliated forever This can be
PSA 81 16 q9k3 figs-metaphor 0 I would feed Israel with the finest wheat God causing the best wheat to grow in Israel is spoken of as if he would literally feed the wheat to the people. Alternate translation: "I would allow the Israelites to eat the finest wheat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 81 16 ix1f 0 feed Israel ... satisfy you Both "Israel" and "you" refer to the Israelites.
PSA 81 16 vv42 figs-explicit 0 honey out of the rock This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PSA 82 intro a4le 0 # Psalm 082 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Favoritism
The leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metonymy
The leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
+PSA 82 intro a4le 0 # Psalm 082 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Favoritism
The leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metonymy
The leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
PSA 82 1 why9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 82 1 c9rs 0 the divine assembly "the heavenly council" or "the meeting in heaven"
PSA 82 1 xb2b figs-abstractnouns 0 he renders judgment "he gives judgment." The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "he judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -3119,7 +3119,7 @@ PSA 82 8 rpl1 0 General Information: The writer is speaking again.
PSA 82 8 acl5 figs-metonymy 0 judge the earth Here "earth" represents the people. Alternate translation: "judge the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 82 8 lz8v figs-metaphor 0 for you have an inheritance in all the nations "for all the nations are your inheritance." Yahweh taking all the people as his own and ruling over them is spoken of as if the nations were a possession that he inherited. Alternate translation: "for you rule over all the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 82 8 j3wm figs-metonymy 0 all the nations Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 83 intro kij7 0 # Psalm 083 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Destruction
God should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel's enemies during the time of the Judges.
+PSA 83 intro kij7 0 # Psalm 083 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Destruction
God should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel's enemies during the time of the Judges.
PSA 83 1 iiq7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 83 1 c7u9 0 remain unmoved "do nothing to help us"
PSA 83 2 rq2g 0 Look, your enemies are making a commotion Here "making a commotion" means they are rioting and rebelling. Alternate translation: "Look, your enemies are rebelling against you"
@@ -3157,7 +3157,7 @@ PSA 83 17 q6j1 figs-activepassive 0 May they be put to shame and be terrified f
PSA 83 17 l9px 0 may they perish in disgrace "may they die while they are ashamed"
PSA 83 18 y45v 0 Then they will know This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. Alternate translation: "Cause them to know"
PSA 83 18 tw1g figs-metaphor 0 are the Most High over all the earth God ruling over everything in the earth is spoken of as if he were elevated higher than everything else. Alternate translation: "are supreme, and you rule all things on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 84 intro mf13 0 # Psalm 084 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 84 is a worship psalm.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Obedience
God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
#### Similarity to Psalm 42-43
There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people.
+PSA 84 intro mf13 0 # Psalm 084 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 84 is a worship psalm.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Obedience
God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Similarity to Psalm 42-43
There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people.
PSA 84 1 mkj6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 84 1 wu9e 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 84 1 yxs9 0 set to the Gittith This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 8:1](../008/001.md).
@@ -3192,7 +3192,7 @@ PSA 84 11 d9l1 figs-metaphor 0 For Yahweh God is our sun and shield Yahweh who
PSA 84 11 ge8a figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh will give grace and glory The abstract nouns "grace" and "glory" can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will be kind to us and honor us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 84 11 tv3q 0 who walk in integrity The way a person conducts their lives or behaves is spoken of as if the person were walking. Alternate translation: "who live honestly" or "who are honest"
PSA 84 12 tfi5 figs-genericnoun 0 blessed is the man Here "man" means people in general. Alternate translation: "blessed are those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-PSA 85 intro vtd4 0 # Psalm 085 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 85 is a worship psalm.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Blessings
God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
#### Group Prayer
Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying.
+PSA 85 intro vtd4 0 # Psalm 085 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 85 is a worship psalm.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Blessings
God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
### Group Prayer
Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying.
PSA 85 1 d8a7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 85 1 h493 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 85 1 iym4 figs-metonymy 0 you have showed favor to your land Here "land" represents the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3220,7 +3220,7 @@ PSA 85 11 y3gv figs-metaphor 0 Trustworthiness springs up from the ground The p
PSA 85 11 uw31 figs-abstractnouns 0 righteousness looks down from the sky The word "righteousness" is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. Alternate translation: "God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 85 13 bxa8 figs-personification 0 Righteousness will go before him and make a way for his footsteps God doing what is right everywhere he goes is spoken of as if righteousness were a person who goes ahead of God and prepares a path for God to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 85 13 b458 figs-metonymy 0 his footsteps Here "footsteps" represents where God walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 86 intro yms3 0 # Psalm 086 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 86 intro yms3 0 # Psalm 086 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 86 1 ss24 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 86 1 j7gt 0 poor and needy "weak and needy"
PSA 86 2 b1gx figs-123person 0 save your servant David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. Alternate translation: "save me, your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@@ -3247,7 +3247,7 @@ PSA 86 16 rlz9 figs-metaphor 0 Turn toward me Asking God to consider him is spo
PSA 86 16 ha4f figs-abstractnouns 0 give your strength to your servant The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: "strengthen your servant" or "make your servant strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 86 16 r4fq figs-123person 0 your servant ... the son of your servant woman The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 86 17 ja63 figs-activepassive 0 be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA 87 intro l8z3 0 # Psalm 087 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pride
People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem.
#### Psalms about Jerusalem
Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem.
+PSA 87 intro l8z3 0 # Psalm 087 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pride
People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem.
### Psalms about Jerusalem
Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem.
PSA 87 1 pr6p writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 87 2 mz5w figs-synecdoche 0 gates of Zion Here "gates of Zion" represents the entire city of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 87 2 tah3 figs-metonymy 0 all the tents of Jacob The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Here the writer uses "tents of Jacob" to represent where the Israelites live now. Alternate translation: "any of the other dwelling places of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3264,7 +3264,7 @@ PSA 87 5 mx5t 0 will establish her "will make Jerusalem strong"
PSA 87 6 p3jr figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh writes in the census book of the nations Yahweh acknowledging that the people from other nations belong to him is spoken of as if he were a king writing down the names of the people who live in his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 87 6 wgv4 figs-metaphor 0 This one was born there "This one" refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. See how you translated this in [Psalms 87:4](../087/004.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 87 7 q7a8 figs-metaphor 0 All my fountains are in you Jerusalem being a place where people receive all their blessings is spoken of as if Jerusalem were a spring that provided water to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 88 intro w2mk 0 # Psalm 088 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Abandon
Ever since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God's healing.
+PSA 88 intro w2mk 0 # Psalm 088 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Abandon
Ever since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God's healing.
PSA 88 1 vi6i writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 88 1 d8eg 0 A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah "This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"
PSA 88 1 qm8l 0 for the chief musician "this is for the director of music to use in worship"
@@ -3306,7 +3306,7 @@ PSA 88 17 e9s9 0 They The word "They" refers to God's "angry actions" and "ter
PSA 88 17 qva9 figs-metaphor 0 they have all encircled me The writer speaks of God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" as if they were enemies who were trying to capture and kill him. Alternate translation: "they have surrounded me like enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 88 18 x6gd 0 every friend and acquaintance "every person I love and know"
PSA 88 18 pnc1 figs-personification 0 My only acquaintance is the darkness This speaks about darkness as if it were a person that could be friends with someone else. The writer is emphasizing that he feels completely alone. Alternate translation: "Everywhere I go it is dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-PSA 89 intro aw17 0 # Psalm 089 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's promises
God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
#### Parallelism
This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+PSA 89 intro aw17 0 # Psalm 089 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's promises
God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
### Parallelism
This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 89 1 knd1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 89 1 mu2k 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
PSA 89 1 dqe7 translate-names 0 Ethan This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -3410,7 +3410,7 @@ PSA 89 51 vq6j figs-metonymy 0 they mock the footsteps of your anointed one Her
PSA 89 52 hvn5 0 General Information: This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 3 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 73 and ends with Psalm 89.
PSA 89 52 fig1 figs-activepassive 0 Blessed be Yahweh forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "May people praise Yahweh forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 89 52 h8fn 0 Amen and Amen The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md).
-PSA 90 intro gmu6 0 # Psalm 090 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human's life is short. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Life's shortness
Because life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it.
+PSA 90 intro gmu6 0 # Psalm 090 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human's life is short. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Life's shortness
Because life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it.
PSA 90 1 jue7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 90 1 n3vq figs-metaphor 0 Lord, you have been our refuge God protecting his people is spoken of as if God were a refuge or shelter. Alternate translation: "Lord, you have been like a shelter for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 90 1 ykl6 0 throughout all generations "always"
@@ -3450,7 +3450,7 @@ PSA 90 16 g2qt 0 let our children Here "children" means children and descendan
PSA 90 16 sjz5 figs-abstractnouns 0 see your majesty The abstract noun "majesty" can be stated as "great things." Alternate translation: "see the great things you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 90 17 at2j figs-abstractnouns 0 May the favor of the Lord our God be ours The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as "be kind." Alternate translation: "May the Lord our God be kind to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 90 17 ye67 figs-synecdoche 0 prosper the work of our hands Here "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "cause us to be successful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA 91 intro ye5h 0 # Psalm 091 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Fear
No matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm.
+PSA 91 intro ye5h 0 # Psalm 091 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Fear
No matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm.
PSA 91 1 xv6f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 91 1 g3bv figs-metaphor 0 He who lives ... will stay ... of the Almighty Because "live" and "stay" mean almost the same thing, as do "shelter" and "shadow," which are both metaphors for protection, you may need to combine the two lines into one. Alternate translation: "The Most High, the Almighty, will care for all those who live where he can protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 91 1 lc6j figs-metaphor 0 who lives in the shelter of the Most High The word "shelter" is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: "who lives where the Most High protects him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -3491,7 +3491,7 @@ PSA 91 15 cwn1 figs-explicit 0 I will be with him in trouble This can be made e
PSA 91 15 am3h figs-abstractnouns 0 I will give him victory The abstract noun "victory" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "I will cause him to be victorious" or "I will enable him to defeat his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 91 16 jc9f figs-idiom 0 will satisfy him with the length of his days The idiom "the length of his days" here refers to the duration of his life. It may imply a long life. Alternate translation: "I will satisfy him by giving him a long life" or "I will make him happy by letting him live a very long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 91 16 xnz9 figs-metaphor 0 and show him my salvation "and I will show him my salvation." The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: "I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 92 intro cs72 0 # Psalm 092 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God's kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice
God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+PSA 92 intro cs72 0 # Psalm 092 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God's kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Justice
God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 92 1 bx9h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 92 1 fur9 figs-metonymy 0 to sing praises to your name The words "your name" are a metonym for "you." Alternate translation: "to sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 92 2 b75i figs-abstractnouns 0 proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with the adjective "faithful." Alternate translation: "proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -3523,7 +3523,7 @@ PSA 92 14 pf43 figs-metaphor 0 They bear fruit The psalmist speaks of righteous
PSA 92 14 m2x1 figs-metaphor 0 they stay fresh and green The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. Alternate translation: "they remain strong and healthy" or "they always do what pleases God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 15 sev8 0 to proclaim that These words continue the thought begun by the words "they stay fresh and green" in ([Psalms 92:14](../092/014.md)). Possible meanings are 1) "they stay fresh and green, so that they can proclaim" or 2) "they stay fresh and green. This shows that."
PSA 92 15 fh1p figs-metaphor 0 He is my rock "Yahweh is the one who protects me." The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 93 intro r2fh 0 # Psalm 093 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's power
Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean.
+PSA 93 intro r2fh 0 # Psalm 093 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's power
Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean.
PSA 93 1 gs1h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 93 1 cif2 figs-metaphor 0 he is robed in majesty; Yahweh has clothed and girded himself with strength The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's strength and majesty as if they were things Yahweh wears. Alternate translation: "he shows everyone that he is a powerful king" or "his majesty is there for all to see, like the robe a king wears; everything about Yahweh shows that he is strong and he is ready to do great work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 93 1 g76j 0 majesty the power of a king and the way a king acts
@@ -3544,7 +3544,7 @@ PSA 93 5 f31y figs-metaphor 0 holiness adorns your house The psalmist speaks of
PSA 93 5 a9yi 0 adorns makes beautiful
PSA 93 5 xku4 0 your house This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.
PSA 93 5 lsy7 figs-idiom 0 for the length of your days This idiom refers to the duration of God's life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as forever. Alternate translation: "for as long as you live" or "forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA 94 intro afb5 0 # Psalm 094 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice
Evil people expect God to ignore their injustices. But God knows what they are doing and will punish them for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
+PSA 94 intro afb5 0 # Psalm 094 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Justice
Evil people expect God to ignore their injustices. But God knows what they are doing and will punish them for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
PSA 94 1 ns8u writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 94 1 h3e7 figs-metaphor 0 shine over us Here "shine" is a metaphor for God revealing himself. Alternate translation: "show yourself" or "reveal your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 94 2 i9f5 0 Rise up, judge of the earth, give to the proud what they deserve "Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud"
@@ -3589,7 +3589,7 @@ PSA 94 22 r48i figs-metaphor 0 God has been the rock of my refuge The psalmist
PSA 94 23 fx4p 0 will bring on them their own iniquity Possible meanings are 1) "will do to them the evil things they have done to others" or 2) "will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others."
PSA 94 23 qc5b figs-idiom 0 cut them off This is an idiom which means "kill them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 94 23 i6z5 0 in their own wickedness Possible meanings are 1) "while they are doing wicked things" or 2) "because they have done wicked things."
-PSA 95 intro e91f 0 # Psalm 095 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's care
God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.
+PSA 95 intro e91f 0 # Psalm 095 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's care
God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.
PSA 95 1 qaf5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 95 1 gv24 figs-metaphor 0 the rock of our salvation The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how "rock" and "of my salvation" are translated in [Psalms 18:46](../018/046.md). Alternate translation: "the rock where we can go and God will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 95 2 q5qb figs-metaphor 0 enter his presence The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: "go to where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -3616,7 +3616,7 @@ PSA 95 10 mu82 0 that generation "all of those people" or "that entire generat
PSA 95 10 ejg1 figs-metaphor 0 wander astray God speaks of the people as if they were sheep, which will go wherever they want to and not stay near their shepherd. Alternate translation: "move away from me" or "go their own way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 95 10 b41a figs-metaphor 0 they have not known my ways Yahweh's commands are spoken of as if they were paths on which the people should walk. The people not obeying Yahweh's commands is spoken of as if they did not know these paths. Alternate translation: "they have not obeyed my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 95 11 l98t 0 my resting place "the place where I would have allowed them to rest"
-PSA 96 intro hdp3 0 # Psalm 096 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh, the king
Yahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise.
+PSA 96 intro hdp3 0 # Psalm 096 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh, the king
Yahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise.
PSA 96 1 i5dj writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 96 1 sm6u 0 a new song a song no one has ever sung before
PSA 96 1 mlu3 figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "all you people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3647,7 +3647,7 @@ PSA 96 13 jp59 0 to judge ... will judge Another possible meaning is "to rule
PSA 96 13 yk8h figs-metonymy 0 He will judge the world with righteousness Here "the world" is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 9:8](../009/008.md). Alternate translation: "He will judge all the people of the world righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 96 13 yn8l figs-ellipsis 0 the peoples with his faithfulness The words "he will judge" are understood. Alternate translation: "he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 96 13 z7r2 figs-abstractnouns 0 with his faithfulness The can be restated to remove the abstract noun "faithfulness." Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "fairly, according to what he knows is true" or 2) Alternate translation: "using the same standard for all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 97 intro ydx4 0 # Psalm 097 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's authority
All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world.
+PSA 97 intro ydx4 0 # Psalm 097 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's authority
All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world.
PSA 97 1 myd1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 97 1 aa9a figs-personification 0 let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. Alternate translation: "Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 97 1 n5lw 0 coastlands Possible meanings are 1) "lands near the seas" or 2) "islands."
@@ -3672,7 +3672,7 @@ PSA 97 11 tqu7 figs-synecdoche 0 those with honest hearts The heart is a synecd
PSA 97 12 bkn2 0 General Information: This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: "Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness."
PSA 97 12 h6wc figs-idiom 0 Be glad in Yahweh This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. Alternate translation: "Be glad because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 97 12 df6i figs-metonymy 0 when you remember his holiness Possible meanings are 1) "when you remember how holy he is" or 2) "to his holy name," a metonym for "to him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 98 intro rt9w 0 # Psalm 098 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise.
+PSA 98 intro rt9w 0 # Psalm 098 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise.
PSA 98 1 p45q writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 98 1 p2zl 0 a new song a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in [Psalms 96:1](../096/001.md).
PSA 98 1 diq2 figs-metonymy 0 his right hand and his holy arm have The words "right hand" and "holy arm" refer to Yahweh's strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. Alternate translation: "his very great power has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -3698,7 +3698,7 @@ PSA 98 8 t1an figs-personification 0 Let the rivers clap their hands, and let t
PSA 98 9 r45f figs-ellipsis 0 the nations with fairness The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 98 9 qd66 figs-metonymy 0 the nations This is a metonym for "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 98 9 lp38 0 with fairness "honestly" or "using the same standard for everyone"
-PSA 99 intro wma5 0 # Psalm 099 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's justice
God is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
+PSA 99 intro wma5 0 # Psalm 099 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's justice
God is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
PSA 99 1 k3aw writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 99 1 gp6t figs-metonymy 0 the nations This refers to the people of all nations. Alternate translation: "the people of all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 99 1 mf5d 0 tremble shake with fear
@@ -3713,7 +3713,7 @@ PSA 99 5 j6yj figs-explicit 0 worship at his footstool Here the word "footstool
PSA 99 7 cv85 0 solemn important, given seriously
PSA 99 8 v1qa 0 You answered them "You answered your people"
PSA 99 9 lw8c 0 his holy hill "Mount Zion"
-PSA 100 intro n9yp 0 # Psalm 100 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's care for his creation
God made mankind and takes good care of people.
+PSA 100 intro n9yp 0 # Psalm 100 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's care for his creation
God made mankind and takes good care of people.
PSA 100 1 m9ga writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 100 1 xue7 0 Shout joyfully to Yahweh "Raise a shout to Yahweh." See how "shout" is translated in [Psalms 47:1](../047/001.md).
PSA 100 1 szl7 figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This refers to all the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "everyone on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3725,7 +3725,7 @@ PSA 100 4 zt85 figs-metonymy 0 bless his name The word "name" is a metonym for
PSA 100 5 qn11 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "he is faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 100 5 e52y figs-ellipsis 0 his truthfulness through all generations The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "his truthfulness endures through all generations" or "he is truthful through all generations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 100 5 nly8 0 through all generations "generation after generation." See how this is translated in [Psalms 89:4](../089/004.md).
-PSA 101 intro vhm3 0 # Psalm 101 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God's help in living as a person should.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Encouragement
The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+PSA 101 intro vhm3 0 # Psalm 101 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God's help in living as a person should.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Encouragement
The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 101 1 icq7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 101 1 lx29 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "justice" can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: "I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 101 2 v15m figs-metaphor 0 I will walk in the way of integrity Here David speaks about "living" as if it were "walking." Alternate translation: "I will live in a way that is honest and right" or "I will live a life full of integrity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -3745,7 +3745,7 @@ PSA 101 7 hk5x figs-synecdoche 0 before my eyes Here "my eyes" refers to David
PSA 101 8 xql1 0 Morning by morning "Every day"
PSA 101 8 e3n4 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: "the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 101 8 nwb7 figs-explicit 0 from the city of Yahweh David is referring to the city that he is in as "the city of Yahweh." This can be made clear. Alternate translation: "from this city, which is Yahweh's city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PSA 102 intro ew2b 0 # Psalm 102 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Salvation
The author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 102 intro ew2b 0 # Psalm 102 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Salvation
The author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 102 1 p5kd writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 102 1 g5ux figs-nominaladj 0 the afflicted This refers to a man who is afflicted. Alternate translation: "the afflicted man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 102 3 z22d figs-simile 0 my days pass away like smoke Here "my days" refers to the author's life and the idea of "smoke" is something that quickly disappears. Alternate translation: "my life passes away quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -3786,7 +3786,7 @@ PSA 102 26 r72f 0 they will all grow old The word "they" refers to "the earth"
PSA 102 27 fd7u figs-metaphor 0 your years will have no end Here David describes the length of time that God is alive as his "years." This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: "you will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
PSA 102 28 va7h 0 will live on "will continue to live"
PSA 102 28 nf8i figs-metaphor 0 live in your presence Here David describes the descendants being protected by Yahweh as being in his presence. Alternate translation: "be protected as they live in your presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 103 intro b1ht 0 # Psalm 103 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's grace
God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
+PSA 103 intro b1ht 0 # Psalm 103 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's grace
God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
PSA 103 1 j269 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 103 1 dn28 figs-parallelism 0 I give praise to Yahweh with all my life, and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much he will praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I will praise Yahweh with all that I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 103 1 tv2n figs-metonymy 0 give praise to his holy name This refers to praising Yahweh's name as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3825,7 +3825,7 @@ PSA 103 19 q47p figs-metonymy 0 his kingdom rules Here Yahweh is referred to by
PSA 103 21 hie6 figs-idiom 0 carry out his will This is an idiom meaning to "do his will." Alternate translation: "do his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 103 22 kgz3 0 in all the places where he reigns "praise him in all the places where he reigns"
PSA 103 22 te1g figs-metonymy 0 with all my life This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. Alternate translation: "with all of me" or "with all my soul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 104 intro zu6w 0 # Psalm 104 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's creation
God has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea.
+PSA 104 intro zu6w 0 # Psalm 104 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's creation
God has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea.
PSA 104 1 n2h6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. This psalm is a song of praise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 104 1 h3du figs-metonymy 0 with all my life This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. Alternate translation: "with all of me" or "with all my soul"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 104 1 pn87 figs-doublet 0 you are clothed with splendor and majesty The words "splendor" and "majesty" have similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's glory. They are described as clothing Yahweh like a garment. Alternate translation: "you have splendor and majesty all around you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -3883,7 +3883,7 @@ PSA 104 30 bvs4 0 you renew the countryside "you cause the land to be full of
PSA 104 34 wqg4 figs-metaphor 0 my thoughts be sweet He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: "my thoughts be pleasing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 104 35 j2if 0 vanish disappear
PSA 104 35 d8e7 figs-nominaladj 0 let the wicked be no more The phrase "the wicked" refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: "may wicked people disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-PSA 105 intro lfu2 0 # Psalm 105 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
God protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel's history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
+PSA 105 intro lfu2 0 # Psalm 105 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
God protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel's history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
PSA 105 1 zzf7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 105 1 vd4n figs-metonymy 0 call on his name Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "call on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 105 1 x3bs figs-metonymy 0 the nations This refers to the people in the nations. Alternate translation: "the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3947,7 +3947,7 @@ PSA 105 43 s27l figs-parallelism 0 He led his people out ... his chosen with sh
PSA 105 43 is64 figs-nominaladj 0 his chosen Here "chosen" refers to Yahweh's chosen people. Alternate translation: "his chosen people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 105 43 vc3k 0 shouts of triumph the sound that people make when they are shouting with joy because they have defeated their enemies
PSA 105 45 x32z figs-parallelism 0 keep his statutes and obey his laws These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. "To keep" his statutes means to obey them. Alternate translation: "obey his laws and statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-PSA 106 intro b2l3 0 # Psalm 106 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel's sin
Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
+PSA 106 intro b2l3 0 # Psalm 106 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Israel's sin
Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
PSA 106 1 m751 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 106 1 n4rk figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "for he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 106 2 mp3f figs-rquestion 0 Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds? The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. Alternate translation: "No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -4017,7 +4017,7 @@ PSA 106 47 p7rh 0 General Information: Here 106:48 is more than the end of thi
PSA 106 47 n47s figs-metonymy 0 to your holy name Here Yahweh is referred to by his "holy name." Alternate translation: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 106 48 qmx9 figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "May people praise Yahweh the God of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 106 48 qzy4 figs-merism 0 from everlasting to everlasting This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). Alternate translation: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-PSA 107 intro j88n 0 # Psalm 107 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
+PSA 107 intro j88n 0 # Psalm 107 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
PSA 107 1 h2en writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 107 1 he6p figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 2 p5ij figs-nominaladj 0 the redeemed of Yahweh "The redeemed" refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. Alternate translation: "those whom Yahweh has saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@@ -4094,7 +4094,7 @@ PSA 107 42 pa98 figs-metonymy 0 all wickedness Here wicked people are referred
PSA 107 42 s6wb figs-idiom 0 shuts its mouth This means to not say anything in response. Alternate translation: "has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 107 43 fk8h figs-idiom 0 take note of these things This means to think about these things. Alternate translation: "think about these things" or "remember these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 107 43 u9kq figs-abstractnouns 0 meditate on Yahweh's acts of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 108 intro vpj5 0 # Psalm 108 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 108 is a psalm of war.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Victory
God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom.
+PSA 108 intro vpj5 0 # Psalm 108 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 108 is a psalm of war.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Victory
God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom.
PSA 108 1 lxd7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 108 1 c1mr figs-synecdoche 0 My heart is fixed, God Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. Alternate translation: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or "I am trusting completely in you, God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 108 1 tuz7 figs-synecdoche 0 I will sing praises also with my honored heart Here David is represented by his "heart." David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. Alternate translation: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -4127,7 +4127,7 @@ PSA 108 12 va87 0 is futile "is worthless"
PSA 108 13 vs71 0 General Information: This verse is the same as [Psalms 60:12](../060/012.md).
PSA 108 13 wk3a 0 will triumph "will defeat our enemies"
PSA 108 13 a18r figs-metaphor 0 he will trample down our enemies The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. Alternate translation: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 109 intro r1w7 0 # Psalm 109 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Enemies destroyed
This enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy's family.
+PSA 109 intro r1w7 0 # Psalm 109 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Enemies destroyed
This enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy's family.
PSA 109 1 w5rb writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 109 1 ka6w 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 109 2 tj2t figs-nominaladj 0 For the wicked and deceitful The words "wicked" and "deceitful" refer to people. They have similar meanings and emphasize how bad these people are. Alternate translation: "For wicked and deceitful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -4186,7 +4186,7 @@ PSA 109 29 qa66 figs-metaphor 0 be clothed with shame Here David speaks of them
PSA 109 29 xhb9 figs-simile 0 may they wear their shame like a robe David speaks of them being ashamed as if it were a robe that they wore. Alternate translation: "may their shame cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 109 30 d8ig figs-idiom 0 With my mouth I give This means that he will speak. Alternate translation: "I will speak and give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 109 31 pa49 figs-idiom 0 will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy This means that he will help and defend the poor person. Alternate translation: "will defend the one who is needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA 110 intro h1ti 0 # Psalm 110 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King
The king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
+PSA 110 intro h1ti 0 # Psalm 110 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### King
The king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
PSA 110 1 u94e writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 110 1 xte6 figs-idiom 0 Sit at my right hand The phrase "my right hand" refers to the place of honor. Alternate translation: "Sit at the place of honor which I have for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 110 1 ke66 figs-metaphor 0 make your enemies your footstool Here David describes Yahweh placing his master's enemies under his power and control as putting them under his feet like a footstool. Alternate translation: "put your enemies under your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -4212,7 +4212,7 @@ PSA 110 7 mb7t figs-synecdoche 0 of the brook This means the he will drink wate
PSA 110 7 hi2c 0 and then "and so" or "therefore"
PSA 110 7 qf91 0 he will lift his head Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king.
PSA 110 7 c1xr figs-idiom 0 he will lift his head up high after victory People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. Alternate translation: "he will confidently lift his head after victory" or "he will be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA 111 intro mk5d 0 # Psalm 111 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's character
God is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
+PSA 111 intro mk5d 0 # Psalm 111 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's character
God is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
PSA 111 1 gj78 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 111 1 ydq8 figs-metonymy 0 with my whole heart Here the word "heart" represents the person's entire inner being and emotions. Alternate translation: "with all that I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 111 1 wk3i figs-doublet 0 in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. Alternate translation: "in the gathering of upright people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -4229,7 +4229,7 @@ PSA 111 9 e4zm figs-metonymy 0 holy and awesome is his name Here the word "name
PSA 111 10 x95h figs-abstractnouns 0 the beginning of wisdom The word "wisdom" can be translated as "wise." Alternate translation: "the first step to becoming wise" or "the most important thing to become wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 111 10 rv8i 0 those who carry out his instructions "those who obey his instructions"
PSA 111 10 vh6q figs-abstractnouns 0 His praise endures forever The word "praise" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "People will praise him forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 112 intro s165 0 # Psalm 112 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Righteous people
The righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them.
+PSA 112 intro s165 0 # Psalm 112 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Righteous people
The righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them.
PSA 112 1 m17p writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 112 1 s1nc 0 greatly delights "takes great pleasure"
PSA 112 2 yd3e figs-activepassive 0 the descendants of the godly man will be blessed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will bless the descendants of the godly man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -4248,7 +4248,7 @@ PSA 112 10 rn5k 0 will see this "will see that things go well for the godly pe
PSA 112 10 c3ev translate-symaction 0 he will grind his teeth in rage The grinding of teeth is an expression of extreme anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 35:16](../035/016.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 112 10 xx9c figs-metaphor 0 melt away The writer speaks of the wicked person's eventual death as if that person were something, such as ice, that can melt. Alternate translation: "eventually die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 112 10 ig26 figs-metonymy 0 the desire of the wicked people will perish Possible meanings of "desire" are 1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. Alternate translation: "the things that wicked people want to do will never happen" or 2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. Alternate translation: "wicked people will lose the things that they desired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 113 intro p4uj 0 # Psalm 113 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children.
+PSA 113 intro p4uj 0 # Psalm 113 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children.
PSA 113 1 qx3m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 113 1 pvw9 figs-metonymy 0 the name of Yahweh Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: "Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 113 3 fc3w figs-merism 0 From the rising of the sun to its setting This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. See how you translated this in [Psalms 50:1](../050/001.md). Alternate translation: "Everywhere on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@@ -4261,7 +4261,7 @@ PSA 113 7 d8bp figs-parallelism 0 He raises up the poor ... from the ash heap T
PSA 113 7 rib6 translate-symaction 0 out of the dirt ... from the ash heap Sitting in dirt and ashes represents either poverty or despair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 113 8 ztn3 figs-parallelism 0 so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes of his people Here the second phrase clarifies that the first phrase refers to the princes of Yahweh's people. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: "so that Yahweh may seat him next to rulers of his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 113 9 c3e3 figs-metonymy 0 He gives a home to the barren woman of the house Here "home" refers to the children that live in a home. Alternate translation: "He gives children to the woman who had none" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 114 intro vu9f 0 # Psalm 114 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
The psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink.
+PSA 114 intro vu9f 0 # Psalm 114 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
The psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink.
PSA 114 1 eph8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 114 1 d4dj figs-parallelism 0 When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language These two lines are parallel, with "Israel" and "the house of Jacob" meaning the same thing and "Egypt" and "that foreign people" referring to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 114 1 trv6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language The word "house" here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Jacob left people who spoke a language that the descendants of Jacob did not understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -4275,7 +4275,7 @@ PSA 114 7 xi33 figs-parallelism 0 Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the prese
PSA 114 7 k6tn figs-personification 0 Tremble, earth Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or 2) the word "earth" is a metonym for those who live on the earth. Alternate translation: "Tremble, everyone one earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 114 8 u6n5 figs-parallelism 0 He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 114 8 ca4j figs-ellipsis 0 the hard rock into a spring of water The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "He turned the hard rock into a spring of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-PSA 115 intro it4i 0 # Psalm 115 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's power
God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+PSA 115 intro it4i 0 # Psalm 115 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's power
God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 115 1 i2ig writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 115 1 l7ze figs-doublet 0 Not to us, Yahweh, not to us The writer repeats the phrase "Not to us" in order to emphasize that they are not worthy to receive the honor that is due only to Yahweh. If necessary, a verbal phrase may be supplied here. Alternate translation: "Do not bring honor to us, Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 115 1 a1ln 0 to us The word "us" refers to the people of Israel.
@@ -4303,7 +4303,7 @@ PSA 115 17 n4er figs-nominaladj 0 The dead The adjective "dead" may be translat
PSA 115 17 m2zu figs-ellipsis 0 nor do any who go down into silence This parallel phrase has a similar meaning to phrase before it. The verb may be supplied from that previous phrase to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: "nor do any who go down into silence praise Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 115 17 hd34 figs-metaphor 0 nor do any who go down into silence The writer speaks of the grave or the place of the dead as a place of silence where no one can speak. This is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: "nor do any who go to the place of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 115 18 m43y 0 But we The word "we" refers to the people of Israel who are still alive.
-PSA 116 intro r7gl 0 # Psalm 116 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist's life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Healing
The author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
+PSA 116 intro r7gl 0 # Psalm 116 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist's life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Healing
The author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
PSA 116 1 y25k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 116 1 w8ar figs-synecdoche 0 he hears my voice and my pleas for mercy Here the word "voice" represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns "pleas" and "mercy" can be stated as "plead" and "merciful." Alternate translation: "he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 116 3 vib3 0 General Information: The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
@@ -4338,12 +4338,12 @@ PSA 116 18 tj19 0 General Information: The person who made this song continues
PSA 116 18 ttr5 0 I will fulfill ... all his people See how you translated [Psalms 116:14](../116/014.md).
PSA 116 19 u16b figs-metonymy 0 in the courts of Yahweh's house The word "house" refers to Yahweh's temple. Alternate translation: "in the courtyards of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 116 19 hv6v figs-personification 0 in your midst, Jerusalem The writer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. Alternate translation: "in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
-PSA 117 intro kfu1 0 # Psalm 117 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
+PSA 117 intro kfu1 0 # Psalm 117 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
PSA 117 1 wmd2 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 117 2 ce43 0 For his "Because his"
PSA 117 2 t4z5 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness is great toward us The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 117 2 uht9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "Yahweh remains trustworthy forever" or "Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 118 intro z9au 0 # Psalm 118 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Rejected stone
The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
+PSA 118 intro z9au 0 # Psalm 118 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Rejected stone
The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
PSA 118 1 g414 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 118 1 af6g 0 Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good "Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does"
PSA 118 1 qcw2 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -4387,7 +4387,7 @@ PSA 118 28 rb4j 0 You are my God Here the writer begins to speak again and add
PSA 118 29 b2wp figs-exclamations 0 Oh This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 118 29 vx5j 0 give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good "thank Yahweh because of the good things he does." See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1](../118/001.md).
PSA 118 29 k1qj figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 119 intro yf89 0 # Psalm 119 General Notes
### Formatting in this chapter
This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet.
### Type of psalm
Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The Law
The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+PSA 119 intro yf89 0 # Psalm 119 General Notes
## Formatting in this chapter
This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet.
## Type of psalm
Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The Law
The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 119 1 ipj6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 119 1 r86i 0 Blessed are those "How good it is for those"
PSA 119 1 a56q figs-metaphor 0 those whose ways are blameless How a person behaves is spoken of as "ways" or "paths." Alternate translation: "those whose behavior is blameless" or "those whom no one can blame for doing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -4638,7 +4638,7 @@ PSA 119 174 wa6g figs-abstractnouns 0 your law is my delight The abstract noun
PSA 119 175 z1ep figs-metaphor 0 may your righteous decrees help me The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's decrees as if they were a person who could help him. Alternate translation: "may I listen to your righteous decrees and so become wise and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 176 xw7j figs-simile 0 I have wandered off like a lost sheep The psalmist compares his disobedience to Yahweh to a sheep that has wandered away from the flock. Alternate translation: "I have left your way like a sheep that has left its flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 119 176 ap6x 0 seek your servant "because I am your servant, come and search for me"
-PSA 120 intro x4aj 0 # Psalm 120 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Fighting
The author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him.
+PSA 120 intro x4aj 0 # Psalm 120 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Fighting
The author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him.
PSA 120 1 xq2k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 120 1 d8u6 0 In my distress "In my trouble" or "When I was in trouble"
PSA 120 2 a439 figs-metonymy 0 Rescue my life Here the word "life" represents the person. Alternate translation: "Rescue me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -4651,7 +4651,7 @@ PSA 120 5 mg3z figs-metaphor 0 I temporarily live in Meshech; I lived previousl
PSA 120 5 qx4h figs-metonymy 0 the tents of Kedar This phrase represents the people of Kedar who live in those tents. Alternate translation: "the people who live in Kedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 120 7 sf92 0 I am for peace "I want peace"
PSA 120 7 lr78 0 they are for war "they want war"
-PSA 121 intro n97g 0 # Psalm 121 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 121 is a worship psalm.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
God always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
+PSA 121 intro n97g 0 # Psalm 121 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 121 is a worship psalm.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
God always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
PSA 121 1 xgy7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 121 1 cb45 figs-metonymy 0 lift up my eyes This expression means "look at" or "focus my attention on." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 121 1 yb6k figs-rquestion 0 From where will my help come? The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I will tell you from where my help comes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -4668,7 +4668,7 @@ PSA 121 5 hq1i 0 at your right hand Here this expression means to be beside or
PSA 121 6 p2y6 figs-merism 0 The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night The contrasting terms "day" and "night" refer to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: "God protects you from the elements at all times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 121 6 wzt9 figs-ellipsis 0 nor the moon by night It is implies that "will not harm you" is implied here. The full meaning of this statement may be made clear. Alternate translation: "nor will the moon harm you by night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 121 7 au24 figs-metonymy 0 your life This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 122 intro x7wj 0 # Psalm 122 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Jerusalem
Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city.
+PSA 122 intro x7wj 0 # Psalm 122 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Jerusalem
Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city.
PSA 122 1 lck5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 122 1 x5k5 0 A song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 122 2 d2gp figs-apostrophe 0 Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates! The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -4684,7 +4684,7 @@ PSA 122 8 hz78 figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: In this section, the writ
PSA 122 8 i3zr 0 For the sake "For the well-being"
PSA 122 8 b3mx 0 May there be peace within you "May the people in you live in peace"
PSA 122 9 nt39 0 I will seek good for you The abstract noun "good" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "I will pray that people treat you well"
-PSA 123 intro vet5 0 # Psalm 123 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+PSA 123 intro vet5 0 # Psalm 123 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 123 1 iym8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 123 1 ja7b figs-metonymy 0 I lift up my eyes Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. Alternate translation: "I look to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 123 1 kx53 0 enthroned sitting on a throne and ruling as king
@@ -4700,7 +4700,7 @@ PSA 123 4 fq81 figs-parallelism 0 of the scoffing ... and with the contempt The
PSA 123 4 xq36 0 scoffing "mocking" or "insults"
PSA 123 4 gp8j figs-nominaladj 0 the insolent This refers to the insolent people. Alternate translation: "rude and arrogant people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 123 4 ugx5 figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This refers to the proud people. Alternate translation: "the people who are proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-PSA 124 intro khc4 0 # Psalm 124 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God's delivering the Israelites from their enemy's attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh saves
God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 124 intro khc4 0 # Psalm 124 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God's delivering the Israelites from their enemy's attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh saves
God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 124 1 fes4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 124 1 uf2u 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 124 1 zqy6 figs-hypo 0 "If Yahweh had not been on our side This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@@ -4718,7 +4718,7 @@ PSA 124 6 thg5 figs-metaphor 0 torn by their teeth The enemies are spoken of as
PSA 124 7 fr8c figs-metaphor 0 escaped like a bird out of the snare of the fowlers The writer describes his escape from the enemies as if he was a bird that had escaped from the snare of the hunters. Alternate translation: "escaped from our enemies as a bird escapes from the trap that hunters have set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 124 7 r8zv 0 snare a small trap of string or wire made for catching small animals or birds
PSA 124 7 a4a8 figs-metaphor 0 the snare has been broken The plot of the enemies to catch the writer failed as if it was a snare that had broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 125 intro bc6u 0 # Psalm 125 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 125 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
God protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+PSA 125 intro bc6u 0 # Psalm 125 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 125 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
God protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 125 1 d4h2 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 125 1 spt5 figs-simile 0 Those who trust in Yahweh are like Mount Zion, unshakable, forever enduring People who trust in Yahweh are spoken of as if they they were Mount Zion. Mountains are unable to be moved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 125 2 t72p figs-simile 0 As the mountains surround Jerusalem, so Yahweh surrounds his people Yahweh's protection is spoken of as if he was the mountains surrounding Jerusalem. Jerusalem was surrounded by several mountains, which protected it from attack. Alternate translation: "As the hills that surround Jerusalem protect it, so Yahweh protects his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -4729,7 +4729,7 @@ PSA 125 4 y93a figs-metonymy 0 are upright in their hearts Here, "hearts" refer
PSA 125 5 t4ae figs-metaphor 0 turn aside Refusing to obey Yahweh is spoken of as turning away from a good path. Alternate translation: "leave good and go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 125 5 daf6 figs-metaphor 0 their crooked ways Here wicked ways are spoken of as if they were a path that is not straight. Alternate translation: "their wicked ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 125 5 ru69 figs-explicit 0 lead them away People are lead away in order to punish them. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: "lead them away to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PSA 126 intro q9ig 0 # Psalm 126 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sorrow and joy
People may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])
+PSA 126 intro q9ig 0 # Psalm 126 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Sorrow and joy
People may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])
PSA 126 1 h3wt writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 126 1 y7ss 0 restored the fortunes of Zion "made Zion prosperous again"
PSA 126 2 wxr3 figs-metaphor 0 our mouths were filled with laughter Laughing is spoken of as if their mouths were a container and their laughter was in it. It can be made clear that this laughter was a response to their joy. Alternate translation: "we laughed for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -4737,7 +4737,7 @@ PSA 126 2 g1bj figs-ellipsis 0 our tongues with singing The verbs "were filled"
PSA 126 2 xir4 0 they said among the nations "the people of the nations said among themselves." The pronoun is used before introducing what it references. This is very unusual.
PSA 126 3 js5q 0 Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were! "How glad we were, because Yahweh did these great things for us!"
PSA 126 5 i43v 0 Those who sow in tears "Those who weep as they sow"
-PSA 127 intro ipx7 0 # Psalm 127 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Blessings
God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+PSA 127 intro ipx7 0 # Psalm 127 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Blessings
God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 127 1 nt9a writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 127 1 m7vn 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 127 2 qvi2 0 to rise up early, to come home late A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night.
@@ -4745,7 +4745,7 @@ PSA 127 2 vc2y figs-idiom 0 eat the bread of hard work This is an idiom. Bread
PSA 127 3 qz98 figs-metaphor 0 heritage property that a person can inherit from his ancestors. Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage uses parents inheriting children from Yahweh as a metaphor for Yahweh being the only one who can give children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 127 4 iyl8 figs-simile 0 Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one's youth Arrows are very important to a warrior because they protect him in battle. Children are spoken of as if they are a warrior's arrow. Alternate translation: "Having many children will help to protect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 127 5 vf7l figs-metaphor 0 his quiver full of them A quiver is a container for arrows. Having many children is spoken of as if the children were arrows in a quiver. Alternate translation: "a home full of children" or "many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 128 intro f8w6 0 # Psalm 128 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Respect
Those people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
+PSA 128 intro f8w6 0 # Psalm 128 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Respect
Those people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
PSA 128 1 xub9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 128 1 h11n figs-activepassive 0 Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh This phrase occurs in the passive voice to avoid implying that Yahweh is obligated to bless those who honor him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 128 2 xw8w figs-synecdoche 0 What your hands provide A man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. Alternate translation: "What you provide" or "What you work for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -4756,7 +4756,7 @@ PSA 128 3 vlk1 0 around your table This refers to the place where a family gat
PSA 128 4 v5em figs-activepassive 0 the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh This can be stated as an active verb. "Yahweh will bless the man who honors him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 128 5 iz4u 0 all the days of your life "throughout your lifetime"
PSA 128 6 cd66 0 May peace be on Israel "May Israel have peace"
-PSA 129 intro p9dv 0 # Psalm 129 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel's many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh saves
Israel's enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 129 intro p9dv 0 # Psalm 129 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel's many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh saves
Israel's enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 129 1 ut36 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 129 3 wpl7 figs-metaphor 0 The plowers plowed on my back The cuts from a whipping are spoken of as the plow of a plowman. A farmer plowed deep lines into a field. Alternate translation: "My enemies have cut me deeply on my back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 129 3 nq4f figs-metaphor 0 they made their furrows long This is a continuation of the plowing metaphor. The "furrow" is the line the farmer plowed. Alternate translation: "they made their cuts long" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -4765,7 +4765,7 @@ PSA 129 5 z781 figs-activepassive 0 May they all be put to shame and turned bac
PSA 129 6 s2gl figs-simile 0 May they be like the grass on the housetops that withers before it grows up The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. He compares them to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. Alternate translation: "May they die and may there be few of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 129 7 s57h figs-simile 0 that cannot fill ... together These words finish the simile that begins in ([Psalms 129:6](../129/006.md)). The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. He compares them to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. "May they be like the grass, which cannot fill ... together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 129 8 pu7b 0 the blessing of Yahweh be on you "Yahweh bless you"
-PSA 130 intro c2ly 0 # Psalm 130 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Forgive
God forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+PSA 130 intro c2ly 0 # Psalm 130 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Forgive
God forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 130 1 f4r9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 130 1 h3vi figs-metaphor 0 Out of the depths I The author's sadness is spoken of as if it were a container. His sadness comes from the bottom of the container. Sadness is often spoken of as being a container that fills from the top to the bottom. Alternate translation: "Because I am very sad, I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 130 2 i2dr figs-synecdoche 0 let your ears be attentive The ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. Alternate translation: "please listen" or "please respond" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -4778,7 +4778,7 @@ PSA 130 6 ge7s figs-simile 0 My soul waits ... more than watchmen wait for the
PSA 130 6 cx47 0 watchmen These are men who guard towns or fields against enemies or robbers. Here it refers to men who have to stay awake at night doing this.
PSA 130 7 ua2z figs-metaphor 0 Israel, hope in Yahweh The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: "You people of Israel, hope in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 130 8 i64f figs-metaphor 0 who will redeem Israel from all his sins The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: "who will redeem the people of Israel from all their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 131 intro ej7h 0 # Psalm 131 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best.
+PSA 131 intro ej7h 0 # Psalm 131 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best.
PSA 131 1 ct5z writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 131 1 px11 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 131 1 kgc5 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty The heart and the eyes represent the person. Alternate translation: "I am not proud or haughty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -4787,7 +4787,7 @@ PSA 131 1 xfb4 figs-metaphor 0 things that are beyond me Things that are too ha
PSA 131 2 r92s figs-synecdoche 0 I have stilled and quieted my soul The soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one's soul still and quiet. Alternate translation: "I am calm and peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 131 2 sep5 figs-metonymy 0 my soul within me The soul represents the person or his emotions. Alternate translation: "I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 131 2 sim5 figs-metaphor 0 a weaned child with his mother The psalmist speaks of himself being content and resting as if he were a young child that no longer demands breast milk from his mother. Alternate translation: "content like a young child that no longer cries for breast milk but rests in his mother's arms" or "content and resting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 132 intro fp7w 0 # Psalm 132 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ark
The Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
+PSA 132 intro fp7w 0 # Psalm 132 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Ark
The Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
PSA 132 1 sq3d writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 132 1 lvf4 0 for David's sake "because of what happened to David"
PSA 132 1 rsq8 0 call to mind "remember" or "think about"
@@ -4823,7 +4823,7 @@ PSA 132 17 yc3b figs-metaphor 0 set up a lamp for my anointed one God speaks of
PSA 132 17 dms8 0 my anointed one "my chosen king" or "the king I have chosen"
PSA 132 18 gp1f figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe his enemies with shame Shame is spoken of as if it was clothing. This shame would result from losing in war. Alternate translation: "I will cause his enemies to be ashamed" or "I will cause his enemies to be defeated and ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 18 hdu2 figs-metonymy 0 his crown will shine The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. Alternate translation: "he will be a great king" or "his greatness will shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 133 intro lg1c 0 # Psalm 133 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Harmony
Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+PSA 133 intro lg1c 0 # Psalm 133 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Harmony
Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 133 1 s9bf writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 133 1 xwd2 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 133 1 d9ck 0 Behold This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows.
@@ -4831,13 +4831,13 @@ PSA 133 1 s8hv figs-metaphor 0 for brothers to live together The relationships
PSA 133 2 qj4c figs-simile 0 It is like fine oil on the head The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron's head. Alternate translation: "This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron's head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 133 3 r3pl figs-simile 0 like the dew of Hermon The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as it if it were refreshing like dew. Alternate translation: "refreshing like the dew of Hermon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 133 3 q5fz 0 Hermon This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round.
-PSA 134 intro az9r 0 # Psalm 134 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Watchmen
The watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+PSA 134 intro az9r 0 # Psalm 134 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Watchmen
The watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 134 1 x2de writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 134 1 y7mi 0 all you servants of Yahweh "all you who serve Yahweh"
PSA 134 2 fx9g translate-symaction 0 Lift up your hands This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 134 2 x39j 0 to the holy place Possible meanings are 1) "to the temple" or 2) "to the holy place in the temple."
PSA 134 3 d5zb figs-merism 0 heaven and earth The phrase "heaven and earth" here represents all things. Alternate translation: "everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-PSA 135 intro qzj7 0 # Psalm 135 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
+PSA 135 intro qzj7 0 # Psalm 135 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
PSA 135 1 s987 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 135 1 q37i figs-metonymy 0 Praise the name of Yahweh Yahweh's name represents him. "Praise Yahweh" or "Praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 135 2 hmn4 figs-metonymy 0 stand in Yahweh's house This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -4856,7 +4856,7 @@ PSA 135 13 z179 figs-metonymy 0 Your name His name here represents his fame or
PSA 135 18 wi2e figs-simile 0 Those who make them are like them Being ignorant and powerless is spoken of as being like idols, which cannot speak, see, hear, or breathe. Alternate translation: "Those who make them are stupid and powerless like their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 135 18 z43m 0 as is everyone who trusts in them "and so are those who trust in the idols"
PSA 135 21 l26a figs-metonymy 0 he who lives in Jerusalem God is spoken of as if he lived in Jerusalem because the temple where the Israelites worshiped him was there. Alternate translation: "he whose temple is in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 136 intro wah2 0 # Psalm 136 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel blessed
God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+PSA 136 intro wah2 0 # Psalm 136 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Israel blessed
God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 136 1 my49 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 136 1 ra72 figs-exclamations 0 Oh This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 136 1 f89e figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -4878,7 +4878,7 @@ PSA 136 23 q5t2 0 called us to mind "thought about us"
PSA 136 23 g78u figs-metaphor 0 helped us in our humiliation The condition of feeling shame is spoken of as if it were a place that the Israelites had been in. This is a reference to the many times when the Israelites' enemies had defeated them in battle and shamed them. Alternate translation: "cared when we were shamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 136 24 zn74 figs-metaphor 0 has given us victory over our enemies Causing people to be victorious and defeat their enemies is spoken of as giving them victory, as if victory were an object that can be given. Alternate translation: "has made us victorious over our enemies" or "has made us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 136 26 vqb3 0 the God of heaven "the God who lives in heaven" or "the God whom the heavenly beings worship"
-PSA 137 intro syg4 0 # Psalm 137 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Songs of Zion
The captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon.
+PSA 137 intro syg4 0 # Psalm 137 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Songs of Zion
The captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon.
PSA 137 1 g7si writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 137 1 kt8v 0 By the rivers of Babylon "Next to one of the rivers near Babylon"
PSA 137 1 rih5 figs-exclusive 0 we sat ... wept ... we thought The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@@ -4897,7 +4897,7 @@ PSA 137 8 c3dh figs-metonymy 0 Daughter of Babylon This represents the city of
PSA 137 8 w6kc figs-activepassive 0 may the person be blessed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "may God bless the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 137 8 v1xl figs-metaphor 0 pays you back for what you have done to us The writer speaks of someone doing to others what they have done as if were payment. Alternate translation: "does to you what you did to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 137 9 v5tp 0 dashes your little ones against a rock "smashes your babies' heads against rocks"
-PSA 138 intro lv6z 0 # Psalm 138 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Answered prayers
God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies.
+PSA 138 intro lv6z 0 # Psalm 138 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Answered prayers
God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies.
PSA 138 1 uq65 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 138 1 hm3q figs-metonymy 0 I will give you thanks with my whole heart The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one's heart. Alternate translation: "I will sincerely thank you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 138 1 eq6r 0 before the gods Possible meanings are 1) "in spite of the false idols that exist" or 2) "before the heavenly assembly," which means "in the knowledge of the angels in heaven."
@@ -4916,7 +4916,7 @@ PSA 138 7 uh62 figs-abstractnouns 0 anger of my enemies The abstract noun "ange
PSA 138 8 uma6 figs-abstractnouns 0 your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 138 8 hc8j 0 the ones whom your hands have made This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel.
PSA 138 8 m81b figs-metaphor 0 your hands have made God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. Alternate translation: "you have created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 139 intro spl6 0 # Psalm 139 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's care
God created the psalmist in his mother's womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him.
+PSA 139 intro spl6 0 # Psalm 139 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God's care
God created the psalmist in his mother's womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him.
PSA 139 1 f2ij writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 139 1 m5if 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 139 1 z372 0 have examined "have tested"
@@ -4952,7 +4952,7 @@ PSA 139 23 e3ka figs-explicit 0 Examine me This is a request for God to tell th
PSA 139 23 s3gp figs-parallelism 0 Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 139 24 r9qy figs-metaphor 0 any wicked way Here "way" stands for behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 139 24 h9f8 figs-metaphor 0 the everlasting way Here "way" refers to trust and obedience in God. Anyone who "walks" this way will have everlasting life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 140 intro qi17 0 # Psalm 140 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's protection
He prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
+PSA 140 intro qi17 0 # Psalm 140 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's protection
He prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
PSA 140 1 g538 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 140 1 gc5w 0 For the chief musician This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 140 2 luc4 0 they cause battles Here "battles" probably refers to conflict of any kind, including quarrels.
@@ -4975,7 +4975,7 @@ PSA 140 11 i174 0 secure on the earth "safe in this life"
PSA 140 11 k1fm figs-personification 0 may evil hunt down the violent man Here evil is spoken of as if it were someone taking revenge on another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 140 12 em3r figs-abstractnouns 0 he will give justice to the needy The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "just." Alternate translation: "He will act in a just manner to help the needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 140 13 wfl7 figs-metonymy 0 to your name This represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 141 intro j6r9 0 # Psalm 141 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's correction
The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
+PSA 141 intro j6r9 0 # Psalm 141 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's correction
The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 141 1 f34t writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 141 1 gns6 0 crying out "asking you for help"
PSA 141 1 uq2e figs-personification 0 come quickly to me The psalmist speaks as if Yahweh were a person who needed to come from another place to help him. What the psalmist wanted Yahweh to do can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "come quickly to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -5004,7 +5004,7 @@ PSA 141 9 q9db figs-metaphor 0 the snares that they have laid for me The psalmi
PSA 141 9 y879 0 snares ... traps Bible experts disagree on the exact meanings of these words. It would be best either to translate one of them with the word for a net or cage that contains the prey and the other as a rope or vine that catches the prey by the leg or neck or to translate both with the general word for "traps." See how these words are translated in [Psalms 140:5](../140/005.md).
PSA 141 9 g9xn figs-ellipsis 0 from the traps of evildoers The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "and protect me from the traps that those who do evil have set" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 141 10 zb2q 0 Let the wicked fall into their own nets The psalmist speaks of evil people deceiving good people as if hunters were trapping animals. Alternate translation: "Let the wicked fall into the net traps they have made to trap other people" or "Let the bad things the wicked planned for the righteous happen to the wicked instead"
-PSA 142 intro psy6 0 # Psalm 142 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
The psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
+PSA 142 intro psy6 0 # Psalm 142 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
The psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
PSA 142 1 j93h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 142 1 p2w2 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
PSA 142 1 bue5 0 cave open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in
@@ -5024,7 +5024,7 @@ PSA 142 6 t4vr figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my call This is a call for help. See h
PSA 142 6 y2xf 0 I have been brought very low Possible meanings are 1) "I am very needy" and 2) "I am very weak." See how "we are very low" is translated in [Psalms 78:8](../078/008.md).
PSA 142 7 va7w figs-synecdoche 0 Bring my soul out of prison This is a request. The "soul" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "bring me out of prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 142 7 w9yx figs-metonymy 0 give thanks to your name The word "name" is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:11](../005/011.md). Alternate translation: "give thanks to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 143 intro tm9v 0 # Psalm 143 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's help
The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God's servant.
+PSA 143 intro tm9v 0 # Psalm 143 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's help
The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God's servant.
PSA 143 1 jk8k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 143 1 c8pp figs-metonymy 0 Hear my prayer The words "my prayer" are a metonym for the person who is praying. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 39:12](../039/012.md). Alternate translation: "Listen to me as I pray to you" or "Be willing to do what I ask you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 143 2 h1x7 figs-idiom 0 Do not enter into judgment To "enter into judgment" is an idiom that means to pronounce judgment. Alternate translation: "Please do not judge" or "I beg you not to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -5058,7 +5058,7 @@ PSA 143 11 drk5 figs-metonymy 0 for your name's sake Yahweh's name represents h
PSA 143 12 d1cl 0 the enemies of my life "the enemies who want to take my life"
PSA 143 12 wp4f figs-abstractnouns 0 In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies "Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 143 12 wl46 figs-metonymy 0 the enemies of my life "the enemies of my soul." My "life" may be understood as representing the speaker. Alternate translation: "my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 144 intro j9c6 0 # Psalm 144 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Safety
Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.
+PSA 144 intro j9c6 0 # Psalm 144 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Safety
Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.
PSA 144 1 kh8j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 144 1 lg69 figs-metaphor 0 my rock Possible meanings are 1) "the one who keeps me safe" or 2) "the one who gives me strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 1 r6cj figs-synecdoche 0 who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle The words "hands" and "fingers" are synecdoches for "me." If "war" and "battle" are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate translation: "who trains me for war and trains me for battle" or "who trains me for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -5095,7 +5095,7 @@ PSA 144 12 ah7c 0 pillars, shapely like those of a palace "pillars that are ca
PSA 144 13 m4xe translate-numbers 0 thousands and ten thousands in our fields "thousands—even tens of thousands!—and fill up our fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
PSA 144 14 zjd7 0 No one will break through our walls "No one will be able to invade our city"
PSA 144 14 r26v figs-metonymy 0 no outcry Here the outcry is associated with a severe problem that causes the person to cry out. Alternate translation: "no one crying in pain" or "no one crying for help" or "no one calling out for justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 145 intro nm65 0 # Psalm 145 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
God is worthy of all praise. This is in part because he does such wonderful things for all who worship him.
+PSA 145 intro nm65 0 # Psalm 145 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
God is worthy of all praise. This is in part because he does such wonderful things for all who worship him.
PSA 145 1 rw8s writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 145 1 dl46 0 extol you "tell people how wonderful you are"
PSA 145 1 p5ni figs-metonymy 0 bless your name The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). Alternate translation: "bless you" or "do what makes you happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -5117,7 +5117,7 @@ PSA 145 18 v98h figs-abstractnouns 0 to all who call to him in trustworthiness
PSA 145 21 asw2 figs-synecdoche 0 My mouth will speak Here the words "My mouth" represent the one speaking. Alternate translation: "I will speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 145 21 t2tr 0 will speak out the praise of Yahweh "tell everyone how good Yahweh is"
PSA 145 21 nc4f figs-metonymy 0 let all mankind bless his holy name The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). Alternate translation: "let all people bless him" or "let all people do what makes him happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA 146 intro s9dj 0 # Psalm 146 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
+PSA 146 intro s9dj 0 # Psalm 146 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Trust
Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 146 1 xb8v writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 146 1 jq1j figs-metonymy 0 Praise Yahweh, my soul Here "soul" represents the writer's inner being. The writer is commanding his inner being to praise Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I will praise Yahweh with all my soul" or "I give praise to Yahweh with all my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 146 2 isg7 0 with all my life "until I die" or "while I live"
@@ -5138,7 +5138,7 @@ PSA 146 8 ml15 translate-symaction 0 who are bowed down This action is a sign o
PSA 146 9 l8p2 figs-metaphor 0 he lifts up God helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically lifting them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 146 10 kr81 figs-metonymy 0 your God, Zion Here "Zion" represents all the people of Israel. The writer is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were there listening to him. Alternate translation: "your God, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
PSA 146 10 il4h figs-ellipsis 0 for all generations The words "will reign" are understood. Alternate translation: "will reign for all generations" or "will reign forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-PSA 147 intro z5be 0 # Psalm 147 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's control
Yahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people.
+PSA 147 intro z5be 0 # Psalm 147 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Yahweh's control
Yahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people.
PSA 147 1 u7wi writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 147 1 g689 figs-ellipsis 0 it is pleasant The object may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "it is pleasant to sing praises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 147 1 i9pm 0 praise is suitable "praise is fitting" or "praise is appropriate"
@@ -5167,7 +5167,7 @@ PSA 147 19 h3ti figs-parallelism 0 He proclaimed his word to Jacob, his statute
PSA 147 19 m4av figs-ellipsis 0 his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: "He proclaimed his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 147 19 c558 figs-doublet 0 his statutes and his righteous decrees The words "statutes" and "righteous decrees," along with "word" in the previous line, all refer to the law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either "Jacob" or "Israel" for the people who received them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 147 20 s9ly 0 they do not know them The other nations do not know Yahweh's decrees.
-PSA 148 intro ug77 0 # Psalm 148 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
All creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness.
+PSA 148 intro ug77 0 # Psalm 148 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
All creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness.
PSA 148 1 hy45 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 148 1 y3gp figs-parallelism 0 Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the heights "Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the sky." These two lines are parallel, with phrase "the heights" meaning the same thing as "the heavens" in the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 148 3 ri28 figs-personification 0 Praise him, sun and moon The writer speaks to the sun and moon as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: "Praise Yahweh, sun and moon, as people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -5192,7 +5192,7 @@ PSA 148 13 lr9t figs-metaphor 0 his glory extends over the earth and the heaven
PSA 148 14 qn5e figs-metaphor 0 He has lifted up the horn of his people The writer speaks of strength as if it were the horn of an animal. Lifting up an animal horn was a symbolic action that represented military victory. Alternate translation: "He has made his people strong" or "He has given his people victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 148 14 wv8t 0 for praise from all his faithful ones "so that all his faithful ones praise him"
PSA 148 14 n4ru figs-metaphor 0 the people near to him The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. Alternate translation: "the people he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA 149 intro au8i 0 # Psalm 149 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Praise
The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations.
+PSA 149 intro au8i 0 # Psalm 149 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Praise
The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations.
PSA 149 1 p2dk figs-pronouns 0 General Information: The psalmist is speaking to all of God's people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 149 1 e71a 0 a new song Possible meanings are 1) "a song you have never sung before" or 2) a song no one has ever sung before.
PSA 149 1 vlr1 0 sing his praise "praise him with songs"
@@ -5209,7 +5209,7 @@ PSA 149 7 c66f figs-metonymy 0 the nations The phrase "the nations" is a metony
PSA 149 8 ka3y 0 chains These are made of heavy metal and restrict the movement of prisoners.
PSA 149 8 ety5 0 shackles a pair of chains or bands with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person's hands or feet.
PSA 149 9 jie7 figs-abstractnouns 0 They will execute the judgment that is written The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as "judge." Alternate translation: "They will judge and punish the people of those nations as God wrote should be done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA 150 intro r7f5 0 # Psalm 150 General Notes
### Type of psalm
Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Instruments
People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument.
+PSA 150 intro r7f5 0 # Psalm 150 General Notes
## Type of psalm
Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Instruments
People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument.
PSA 150 1 jx5k writing-poetry 0 General Information: This focuses on praise or worship that is most commonly held in the temple. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 150 1 djp3 0 Praise God in his holy place God's temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God.
PSA 150 2 e6ff 0 his mighty acts "the great things he has done." God's "mighty acts" can possibly mean 1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or 2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle.
diff --git a/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv b/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv
index 887a23c88..e8fa800b7 100644
--- a/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv
+++ b/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
PRO front intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Proverbs
1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:1–7)
1. Collection of teachings (1:8–9:18)
1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:1–22:16)
1. Words of wise men (22:17–24:22)
1. More words of wise men (24:23–34)
1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:1–29:27)
1. The words of Agur (30:1–33)
1. The words of Lemuel (31:1–9)
1. A good wife praised (31:10–31)
### What is the book of Proverbs about?
A proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.
The Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The title of this book is often translated as "Proverbs." A more general translation would be "Words for Wise People," "Words that Give Wisdom," or something similar.
### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?
Proverbs begins with the words, "The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel." But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What is meant by "wisdom" and "foolishness" in the Book of Proverbs?
"Wisdom" means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one's honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called "foolish." For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What form do the individual proverbs have?
Most proverbs have two parts or two lines that are "parallel" to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
### How should personification be represented in translation?
In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-PRO 1 intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Parallelism
Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+PRO 1 intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Parallelism
Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 1 1 q6pn writing-poetry 0 General Information: Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
PRO 1 2 iaq1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to teach wisdom and instruction This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "wisdom" and "instruction" can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: "to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 1 2 rs3p 0 to teach words of insight "to help you understand wise teachings"
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ PRO 1 32 t8af 0 naive inexperienced or immature
PRO 1 32 d3pk figs-metaphor 0 are killed when they turn away A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "die because they refuse to learn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 1 32 le64 figs-abstractnouns 0 the indifference of fools will destroy them The abstract noun "indifference" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "fools will die because they do not care about what should be done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 1 32 cmi9 0 indifference a lack of interest about something
-PRO 2 intro wr6i 0 # Proverbs 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
+PRO 2 intro wr6i 0 # Proverbs 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
PRO 2 1 gj7r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 2 1 wtm1 0 if you receive my words "if you listen to what I am teaching you"
PRO 2 1 jh3i figs-metaphor 0 treasure up my commandments with you Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: "consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ PRO 2 20 fiw6 figs-metaphor 0 you will walk in the way ... follow the paths A p
PRO 2 22 r5sm figs-metaphor 0 the wicked will be cut off from the land The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 2 22 w94m figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked ... the faithless These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are wicked ... those who are faithless" or "wicked people ... faithless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO 2 22 cmv9 figs-metaphor 0 the faithless will be cut off from it The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will remove the faithless from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PRO 3 intro a94e 0 # Proverbs 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
#### Wisdom is feminine
You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
+PRO 3 intro a94e 0 # Proverbs 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
### Wisdom is feminine
You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO 3 1 p6r4 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 3 1 f5cv figs-abstractnouns 0 do not forget my commands The word "commands" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "do not forget what I command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 3 1 tk78 figs-parallelism 0 keep my teachings in your heart This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word "heart" represents the mind. The word "teachings" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "always remember what I teach you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ PRO 3 33 q866 figs-metonymy 0 he blesses the home of righteous people The word
PRO 3 34 kb65 figs-metaphor 0 he gives his favor to humble people The writer speaks of Yahweh's favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: "he shows his favor to humble people" or "he is gracious to humble people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 35 y7vz figs-metaphor 0 Wise people inherit honor The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "Wise people will obtain honor" or "Wise people will gain an honorable reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 35 b6jx figs-metaphor 0 fools will be lifted up in their shame The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PRO 4 intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
#### Wisdom is feminine
You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
+PRO 4 intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
### Wisdom is feminine
You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO 4 1 hqv1 0 General Information: The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
PRO 4 1 zck6 0 pay attention "listen carefully"
PRO 4 1 s4lm 0 you will know what understanding is "you will know how to understand" or "you will gain understanding"
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ PRO 4 26 g2a2 0 a level path "a smooth path" or "an even path"
PRO 4 26 xyn9 figs-metaphor 0 then all your ways will be secure The writer speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: "then everything that you do will be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 27 h89u figs-merism 0 Do not turn aside to the right or to the left The directions "right" and "left" form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: "Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PRO 4 27 j3tn figs-synecdoche 0 turn your foot away from evil Here the word "foot" represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: "turn away from evil" or "stay away from evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO 5 intro jxf1 0 # Proverbs 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
#### Adulteress
This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
+PRO 5 intro jxf1 0 # Proverbs 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
### Adulteress
This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
PRO 5 1 vi27 0 General Information: The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
PRO 5 1 nl9h figs-synecdoche 0 incline your ears Here the word "ears" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: "listen attentively" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 2 cei4 0 discretion Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one's actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ PRO 5 22 u9ya figs-personification 0 A wicked person will be seized by his own
PRO 5 22 he5d figs-metaphor 0 the cords of his sin will hold him tight The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: "because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 23 x16k figs-activepassive 0 he is led astray by his great foolishness This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "his great foolishness leads him astray" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 5 23 n1a7 0 by his great foolishness "because he is very foolish"
-PRO 6 intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
#### Adulteress
The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
#### Numbers
Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader's attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Animals used as types
The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
+PRO 6 intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### My Son
Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
### Adulteress
The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
### Numbers
Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader's attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Animals used as types
The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO 6 1 sb1b figs-explicit 0 set aside your money Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: "had to save up some of your money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 6 1 z256 0 a guarantee for your neighbor's loan Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
PRO 6 1 p3wd 0 neighbor This same Hebrew word can also mean "friend."
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ PRO 6 34 tk3n 0 takes his revenge If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hu
PRO 6 35 b2ym 0 compensation payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
PRO 6 35 fly2 figs-activepassive 0 he cannot be bought off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 6 35 pc8x 0 off, though "off. This will be true even if"
-PRO 7 intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Parallelism
Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.
#### My Son
Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.
#### Adulteress
This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
+PRO 7 intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Parallelism
Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.
### My Son
Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.
### Adulteress
This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
PRO 7 1 at6w figs-metaphor 0 keep my words Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: "obey my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 1 k635 figs-metaphor 0 store up my commands within yourself Here God's commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: "memorize my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 2 a8m4 figs-metaphor 0 keep my instruction Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: "obey my instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ PRO 7 26 xx9k figs-metonymy 0 She has caused many people to fall down pierced B
PRO 7 27 g21s 0 Her house is on the paths to Sheol ... they go down Here "paths" represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
PRO 7 27 ry42 figs-parallelism 0 on the paths to Sheol ... down to the dark bedrooms of death These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman's victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 7 27 prr1 figs-metaphor 0 the dark bedrooms of death This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO 8 intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Wisdom calls out
The addressee of this chapter is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
+PRO 8 intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Wisdom calls out
The addressee of this chapter is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO 8 1 qsc7 figs-personification 0 General Information: In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 8 1 v9h5 figs-rquestion 0 Does not Wisdom call out? This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: "Wisdom calls out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 8 1 i9hu figs-personification 0 Does not Wisdom call out? Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: 1) "Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?" 2) "Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ PRO 8 35 z6lm figs-personification 0 finds me This is still wisdom talking abou
PRO 8 36 hfn9 figs-personification 0 hate me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 36 yl6t figs-explicit 0 he who fails The complete thought is, "he who fails to find me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 8 36 w73k figs-metonymy 0 his own life Here "life" represents the person's self. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PRO 9 intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Wisdom calls out
The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
+PRO 9 intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Wisdom calls out
The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
PRO 9 1 m12a figs-personification 0 General Information: These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 9 1 s64d figs-personification 0 Wisdom has built The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 9 2 x5sw figs-metonymy 0 She has slaughtered her animals This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: "She has killed the animals for meat at dinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ PRO 9 16 lfx9 0 those who have no sense "those who do not have wisdom" or "tho
PRO 9 17 jsi6 figs-metaphor 0 Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: "You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 9 18 kg4h 0 that the dead are there "that the men who have gone to her are now dead"
PRO 9 18 k1fh 0 in the depths of Sheol "Sheol" refers to the world of the dead.
-PRO 10 intro fhy5 0 # Proverbs 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 10 intro fhy5 0 # Proverbs 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 10 1 i2yb figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 10 1 tab7 0 The proverbs of Solomon After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
PRO 10 2 ffz8 0 accumulated acquired over time
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ PRO 10 31 f7hy figs-metonymy 0 Out of the mouth of the righteous person "Mouth"
PRO 10 31 amx2 figs-metonymy 0 the perverse tongue will be cut out "Tongue" represents what a person says. Alternate translation: "God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 10 32 y79y figs-metonymy 0 lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable "Lips" represent what a person says. Alternate translation: "righteous person knows how to speak acceptably" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 10 32 ay8q figs-metonymy 0 mouth of the wicked "Mouth" represents what a person says. Alternate translation: "the words of the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PRO 11 intro uk6v 0 # Proverbs 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 11 intro uk6v 0 # Proverbs 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 11 1 hzq7 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 11 1 g3jt figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate "Scales" represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: "God hates deceiving scales" or "God hates it when people are deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 11 1 pe2q 0 but he delights in a precise weight "Precise weight" represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: "but he delights in honest ways" or "but he is happy when people are honest"
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ PRO 11 29 p1pb figs-metaphor 0 inherit the wind The "wind" is a metaphor for so
PRO 11 30 q7ul figs-simile 0 The righteous person will be like a tree of life A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: "Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 11 30 hlz7 0 tree of life See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
PRO 11 31 s8p9 0 how much more "even more so"
-PRO 12 intro x2lg 0 # Proverbs 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 12 intro x2lg 0 # Proverbs 12 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 12 1 ktr2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
PRO 12 1 r7h6 0 Whoever "Any person who"
PRO 12 1 tz7m 0 the one who hates correction "the person who does not want to be told what to do"
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ PRO 12 25 n82f figs-metaphor 0 weighs him down "Weighing down" represents the i
PRO 12 25 z6n9 figs-abstractnouns 0 but a good word makes him glad The abstract noun "word" can be stated as the verb "speak." Alternate translation: "but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 12 27 gdt7 0 would not roast their own game "Game" means animals caught and killed while hunting. And "roast" is a way of cooking food.
PRO 12 27 vz9v 0 precious wealth "valuable treasure"
-PRO 13 intro nh7k 0 # Proverbs 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 13 intro nh7k 0 # Proverbs 13 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 13 1 ugs5 figs-metonymy 0 A wise son hears Here "hears" represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: "A wise son obeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 13 1 sy9c figs-metonymy 0 will not listen to rebuke Here "listen" represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: "will not learn from rebuke" or "will not obey, despite rebuke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 13 2 zu98 figs-metonymy 0 From the fruit of his mouth Here "fruit" represents what a person says. Alternate translation: "From the words of his mouth" or "From what he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ PRO 13 23 h46l figs-metaphor 0 but it is swept away by injustice "Swept away" r
PRO 13 24 jp8a 0 is careful to instruct him "makes sure to instruct him"
PRO 13 25 a593 0 he satisfies his appetite "he has satisfied himself" or "he fulfills his desires"
PRO 13 25 azl9 figs-metonymy 0 the stomach of the wicked is always hungry Here "stomach" represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: "the wicked person is always hungry for more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PRO 14 intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 14 intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 14 1 r3rp 0 builds her house "builds up her house" or "makes her house better"
PRO 14 1 tv3l 0 house Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or 2) this may refer to her family.
PRO 14 1 l2y8 figs-synecdoche 0 with her own hands The woman is represented by her "hands." Alternate translation: "by herself" or "by the way she behaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ PRO 14 33 xi3x figs-personification 0 she The word "she" refers to wisdom. (See
PRO 14 34 dl6h 0 is a disgrace "brings shame upon to any people" or "should cause any people to be ashamed"
PRO 14 35 qjf7 0 who acts prudently "who acts wisely" or "who makes sure bad things do not happen"
PRO 14 35 vi56 0 the one who "the servant who"
-PRO 15 intro l872 0 # Proverbs 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 15 intro l872 0 # Proverbs 15 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 15 1 x2lh figs-metaphor 0 A gentle answer turns away wrath Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person's wrath away. Alternate translation: "Answering a person gently will calm that person's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 15 1 hu6m figs-metaphor 0 but a harsh word stirs up anger Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: "but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 15 2 w6ic figs-synecdoche 0 The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge Here the word "tongue" refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: "Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ PRO 15 32 l9cd figs-abstractnouns 0 listens to correction The word "correction"
PRO 15 33 nhk9 figs-abstractnouns 0 The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom The words "fear" and "wisdom" can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: "When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 15 33 t56g 0 The fear of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
PRO 15 33 w2h2 0 humility comes before honor This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
-PRO 16 intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King and royalty
Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 16 intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### King and royalty
Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 16 1 bqu9 figs-metonymy 0 The plans of the heart belong to a person Here the word "heart" represents the person's mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: "A person makes plans in his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 1 hf8a figs-metaphor 0 from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person's plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person's plans or 2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 1 j1hu figs-synecdoche 0 the answer from his tongue The person is represented by his "tongue" to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: "the answer that he speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ PRO 16 31 y1am figs-activepassive 0 it is gained This can be stated in active f
PRO 16 32 x3rg figs-metaphor 0 one who rules his spirit The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: "one who controls his temper" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 33 ei8c figs-activepassive 0 The lots are cast into the lap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "A person throws the lots into his lap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 33 js5x 0 the decision is from Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or 2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
-PRO 17 intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 17 intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 17 1 ecu4 figs-metonymy 0 to have quiet Here "quiet" refers to "peace." Alternate translation: "to have peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 17 1 p2y8 figs-ellipsis 0 than a house full of feasting with strife The words "to have" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: "than to have a house full of feasting with strife" or "than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 17 3 fh66 figs-explicit 0 The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: "The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ PRO 17 27 je2b figs-explicit 0 uses few words This refers to the way he speaks.
PRO 17 28 b5ay figs-activepassive 0 Even a fool is thought to be wise This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "People even think a fool is wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 17 28 i81a figs-idiom 0 keeps his mouth shut This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: "does not speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 17 28 q1jm figs-activepassive 0 he is considered to be intelligent This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: "people consider him to be intelligent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PRO 18 intro k5qz 0 # Proverbs 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 18 intro k5qz 0 # Proverbs 18 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 18 1 n34r 0 isolates himself "keeps away from other people"
PRO 18 1 vun3 figs-personification 0 quarrels with all sound judgment This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if "sound judgment" were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: "he disagrees with all sound judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 18 1 r3yq 0 sound judgment "good judgment" or "wise choices"
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ PRO 18 21 n65f figs-metonymy 0 by the tongue ... love the tongue Here the "tong
PRO 18 21 l141 figs-metaphor 0 will eat its fruit This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: "will receive its consequences" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 18 24 wg3n figs-activepassive 0 many friends is brought to ruin by them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "many friends--they will bring him to ruin" or "many friends--his friends will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 18 24 zc7f 0 comes closer than "is more faithful than" or "stays more loyal than"
-PRO 19 intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 19 intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 19 1 ev8n 0 Better is a poor person "It is better to be a poor person"
PRO 19 1 bpi4 figs-idiom 0 who walks in his integrity This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: "who lives in his integrity" or "who lives an honest life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 19 1 wj4i figs-abstractnouns 0 is perverse in speech The word "speech" may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "speaks perversely" or "speaks in an evil way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ PRO 19 28 g9y4 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alter
PRO 19 29 d4f3 figs-abstractnouns 0 Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for The words "condemnation" and "flogging" may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 19 29 ray2 figs-ellipsis 0 flogging for the backs of fools The words "is ready" are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: "flogging is ready for the backs of fools" or "he is ready to flog the backs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 19 29 r21d 0 flogging beating with a whip or stick
-PRO 20 intro e8g2 0 # Proverbs 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 20 intro e8g2 0 # Proverbs 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 20 1 p893 figs-parallelism 0 Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 20 1 v7zx figs-metonymy 0 Wine is a mocker Here "wine" refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: "A person who is drunk with wine mocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 20 1 qa7m figs-metonymy 0 strong drink is a brawler Here "strong drink" refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: "a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ PRO 20 28 f9he figs-activepassive 0 Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness p
PRO 20 28 dyd6 0 preserve the king keep the king safe from harm
PRO 20 28 dym8 figs-metonymy 0 his throne is made secure by love Here "throne" represents the king's power to rule. The abstract noun "love" can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 20 30 g7u1 figs-parallelism 0 Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: "Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO 21 intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 21 intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 21 1 w5md figs-metaphor 0 The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh The writer speaks of the king's heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: "Yahweh controls the king's heart as a man directs water for irrigation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 21 1 t1m8 figs-metonymy 0 The king's heart The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: "The king's thoughts and actions" or "What the king thinks and what he wants to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 21 2 yz3c figs-metaphor 0 Every person's way is right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: "Every person thinks that what he does is good" or "Every person judges what he does as good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ PRO 21 30 n8kt figs-abstractnouns 0 There is no wisdom, there is no understandi
PRO 21 30 k3pe 0 stand against Yahweh "defeat Yahweh" or "work against what Yahweh wants to do" or "show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong"
PRO 21 31 j1hq figs-activepassive 0 The horse is prepared for the day of battle These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 21 31 i6w8 figs-idiom 0 the day of battle The word "day" refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: "when there is a battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PRO 22 intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the "Wise Men." The exact identity of the men is unknown.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+PRO 22 intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the "Wise Men." The exact identity of the men is unknown.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 22 1 but9 figs-activepassive 0 A good name is to be chosen over great riches These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "A person should choose a good name rather than great riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 22 1 m8c7 0 A good name "To have others think that one is a good person"
PRO 22 3 nt9p 0 A prudent man "A man who is wise" or "A man who has good sense." See how you translated "prudent" in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
@@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@ PRO 22 28 djq5 0 boundary stone a large stone that shows where one person's la
PRO 22 28 j4id 0 fathers ancestors
PRO 22 29 y4ub figs-rquestion 0 Do you see a man skilled at his work? This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: "Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 22 29 e6ii figs-metonymy 0 stand before This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PRO 23 intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 23 intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 23 1 z181 0 General Information: These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 2 lu62 figs-hyperbole 0 put a knife to your throat Possible meanings of this exaggeration are 1) "be very careful not to eat too much" or 2) "do not eat anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 23 3 zfk9 0 Do not crave "Do not strongly desire." See how you translated "craves" in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ PRO 23 34 q7lv figs-idiom 0 lies on the top of a mast The place on the mast whe
PRO 23 34 lxy2 0 mast the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
PRO 23 35 c4na 0 They hit me, ... but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
PRO 23 35 d6ej 0 When will I wake up? The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
-PRO 24 intro nl8m 0 # Proverbs 24 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.
The second half of this chapter finishes the section.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Lazy man story
Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 24 intro nl8m 0 # Proverbs 24 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.
The second half of this chapter finishes the section.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Lazy man story
Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 24 1 d1dq 0 General Information: These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 24 2 dw7g figs-synecdoche 0 their hearts The words "their hearts" refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 24 2 m8px figs-synecdoche 0 their lips The words "their lips" refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: "they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ PRO 24 32 u9za 0 received instruction "learned a lesson"
PRO 24 34 d7gx figs-ellipsis 0 and poverty comes This finishes a thought begun with the words "A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest" (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. "You may say to yourself, 'A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,' but then poverty will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 24 34 v85w figs-personification 0 poverty comes marching upon you Some translations read, "poverty comes upon you like a robber." Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 24 34 zx1y figs-simile 0 your needs like an armed soldier Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: "your needs will come to you like an armed soldier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-PRO 25 intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 25 intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 25 2 x2ec 0 to conceal a matter "to keep some things secret"
PRO 25 2 cj4p figs-ellipsis 0 but the glory The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: "but it is the glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 25 2 dg6e 0 search it out "search that matter out" or "search for those things that God has concealed"
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ PRO 25 27 x6in figs-litotes 0 It is not good This can be stated positively. Alt
PRO 25 27 ea11 0 that is like searching for honor after honor "that is like always thinking about how others should honor you." The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as "that is like speaking too many compliments to people."
PRO 25 28 gl3p figs-simile 0 A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 25 28 jh45 0 breached and without walls "whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed"
-PRO 26 intro juh9 0 # Proverbs 26 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 26 intro juh9 0 # Proverbs 26 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 26 1 w8yc figs-simile 0 Like snow in summer or rain in harvest Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 26 2 kdg7 figs-simile 0 so an undeserved curse does not alight A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: "so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 26 2 mf19 figs-activepassive 0 an undeserved curse This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "a curse on a person who does not deserve it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1640,7 +1640,7 @@ PRO 26 27 nj1w figs-explicit 0 the stone will roll back on the one who pushed i
PRO 26 28 wvw9 figs-synecdoche 0 A lying tongue hates the people it crushes The phrase "a lying tongue" represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: "A liar hates those he hurts by his lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 26 28 dfi2 figs-synecdoche 0 a flattering mouth brings about ruin The phrase "a flattering mouth" represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 26 28 qp8a 0 flattering praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
-PRO 27 intro ec7g 0 # Proverbs 27 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 27 intro ec7g 0 # Proverbs 27 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 27 1 f85w figs-explicit 0 Do not boast about tomorrow This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 27 1 t368 figs-metaphor 0 what a day may bring Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: "what will happen on a day" or "what will happen tomorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 27 2 cyj6 figs-ellipsis 0 and not your own mouth ... and not your own lips The words "let praise you" are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his "mouth" and "lips" because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: "and do not let your own mouth praise you ... and do not let your own lips praise you" or "and do not praise yourself ... and do not praise yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ PRO 27 26 dar8 figs-explicit 0 Those lambs will provide your clothing The impli
PRO 27 26 j2vp figs-explicit 0 the goats will provide the price of the field The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: "selling your goats will provide the price of the field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 27 27 q28m figs-explicit 0 nourishment for your servant girls The implied information is that there will also be enough goats' milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: "there will be goat's milk to nourish your servant girls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 27 27 xjw4 0 nourishment "food"
-PRO 28 intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 28 intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 28 2 b4c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of the transgression of a land The abstract noun "transgression" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "Because of how a land transgresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 2 qks4 figs-metonymy 0 the transgression of a land This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: "the transgression of the people of a land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 28 2 ivf7 figs-explicit 0 with a man of understanding and knowledge The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns "understanding" and "knowledge" can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: "with a man who understands and knows how to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -1810,7 +1810,7 @@ PRO 28 28 ku38 figs-idiom 0 When the wicked arise This is an idiom that means w
PRO 28 28 xc51 figs-hyperbole 0 people hide themselves This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: "people go into hiding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
PRO 28 28 vjp8 0 perish Possible meanings are 1) "go away" or 2) "fall from power" or 3) "are destroyed."
PRO 28 28 pd87 0 increase Possible meanings are 1) "multiply" or 2) "rise to power."
-PRO 29 intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 29 intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 29 1 rl7a figs-metaphor 0 who stiffens his neck A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: "who becomes stubborn" or "who refuses to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 29 1 nb5z figs-activepassive 0 will be broken in a moment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will suddenly break him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 29 1 y5ft figs-metaphor 0 beyond healing "and no one will be able to heal him." Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: "and no one will be able to help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ PRO 29 25 t3gk figs-activepassive 0 the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protec
PRO 29 26 sa3k figs-metonymy 0 Many are those who seek the face of the ruler The word "face" is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: "Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 29 26 w96b figs-abstractnouns 0 from Yahweh is justice for a person It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "just." Alternate translation: "it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 29 27 c4s9 0 detestable a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
-PRO 30 intro aud8 0 # Proverbs 30 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Agur
His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means "gatherer" and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.
#### Three things and four
From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like "small and yet wise." The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 30 intro aud8 0 # Proverbs 30 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Agur
His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means "gatherer" and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.
### Three things and four
From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like "small and yet wise." The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 30 1 u8l9 translate-names 0 Agur ... Jakeh ... Ithiel ... Ucal These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PRO 30 1 v8qt 0 Agur son of Jakeh This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
PRO 30 1 ic3d 0 the utterance "the message"
@@ -1917,7 +1917,7 @@ PRO 30 29 dc44 0 stately majestic or dignified, like a king
PRO 30 31 e3z8 0 strutting rooster an adult male chicken that walks proudly
PRO 30 33 kgm4 0 churning strongly stirring
PRO 30 33 nj7p 0 butter Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
-PRO 31 intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
#### King Lemuel
This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### An acrostic poem
Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.
#### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
+PRO 31 intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
### King Lemuel
This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### An acrostic poem
Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.
### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 31 2 nw5l figs-rquestion 0 What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? Possible meanings of the rhetorical question "What" are 1) "What are you doing?" or "You should not be doing what you are doing" or 2) "What shall I tell you?" or "Listen to what I am telling you" or 3) "Do not do the things I am about to warn you against." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 31 2 ag7f 0 my son ... son of my womb ... son of my vows The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
PRO 31 2 ye5f 0 son of my womb The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.