diff --git a/1ch/03/01.md b/1ch/03/01.md index e74edd6c9..fd777c744 100644 --- a/1ch/03/01.md +++ b/1ch/03/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ David was a son of Jesse, who was a descendant of Judah. (See: [1 Chronicles 2:15](../02/13.md)) -# Ahinoam ... Abigail ... Maakah ... Haggith ... Abital ... Eglah +# Ahinoam ... Abigail -These are the names of women, all of whom were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of women who were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # Daniel diff --git a/1ch/03/02.md b/1ch/03/02.md index b22bce809..4517940fe 100644 --- a/1ch/03/02.md +++ b/1ch/03/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# Ahinoam ... Abigail ... Maakah ... Haggith ... Abital ... Eglah +# Maakah ... Haggith -These are the names of women, all of whom were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of women who were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -# Talmai ... Shephatiah ... Ithream +# Talmai -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/03/03.md b/1ch/03/03.md index b22bce809..4d8415de5 100644 --- a/1ch/03/03.md +++ b/1ch/03/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# Ahinoam ... Abigail ... Maakah ... Haggith ... Abital ... Eglah +# Abital ... Eglah -These are the names of women, all of whom were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are the names of women who were David's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -# Talmai ... Shephatiah ... Ithream +# Shephatiah ... Ithream These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/03/06.md b/1ch/03/06.md index 23e888d42..6b1523695 100644 --- a/1ch/03/06.md +++ b/1ch/03/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: +# Ibhar, Elishua, Eliphelet -All of the names in this list except Tamar are the names of men. Tamar is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/03/07.md b/1ch/03/07.md index e69de29bb..eaba771e7 100644 --- a/1ch/03/07.md +++ b/1ch/03/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia + +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/08.md b/1ch/03/08.md index e69de29bb..a42be5f36 100644 --- a/1ch/03/08.md +++ b/1ch/03/08.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# Elishama, Eliada ... Eliphelet +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/09.md b/1ch/03/09.md index e69de29bb..c1d425e00 100644 --- a/1ch/03/09.md +++ b/1ch/03/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Tamar + +This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/11.md b/1ch/03/11.md index e69de29bb..c61490735 100644 --- a/1ch/03/11.md +++ b/1ch/03/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/12.md b/1ch/03/12.md index af854a4e7..1218072bd 100644 --- a/1ch/03/12.md +++ b/1ch/03/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). + # Azariah This was another name for Uzziah, the better-known name for this king. Translators may decide to use "Uzziah" everywhere for this king. diff --git a/1ch/03/14.md b/1ch/03/14.md index e69de29bb..c61490735 100644 --- a/1ch/03/14.md +++ b/1ch/03/14.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/16.md b/1ch/03/16.md index e69de29bb..c61490735 100644 --- a/1ch/03/16.md +++ b/1ch/03/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + +This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/17.md b/1ch/03/17.md index 7726350fe..6e2f0b6bc 100644 --- a/1ch/03/17.md +++ b/1ch/03/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: +# Jehoiachin ... Shealtiel -All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # Jehoiachin diff --git a/1ch/03/18.md b/1ch/03/18.md index e69de29bb..cc1ffa4f2 100644 --- a/1ch/03/18.md +++ b/1ch/03/18.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# General Information: +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/20.md b/1ch/03/20.md index e69de29bb..1ecc839cc 100644 --- a/1ch/03/20.md +++ b/1ch/03/20.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General information + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/21.md b/1ch/03/21.md index 38c793195..1a5968251 100644 --- a/1ch/03/21.md +++ b/1ch/03/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General information + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) + # Obadiah This man has the same name as the prophet Obadiah but is a different person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/03/23.md b/1ch/03/23.md index e69de29bb..1ecc839cc 100644 --- a/1ch/03/23.md +++ b/1ch/03/23.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General information + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/03/24.md b/1ch/03/24.md index e69de29bb..1ecc839cc 100644 --- a/1ch/03/24.md +++ b/1ch/03/24.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General information + +These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/01.md b/1ch/04/01.md index e6c8c3a1d..e5488eaab 100644 --- a/1ch/04/01.md +++ b/1ch/04/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # General Information: -All of the names in this list except the Zorathites are the names of men. Zorathites is the name of a people group who took their name from the town of Zorah where they lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/04/02.md b/1ch/04/02.md index e69de29bb..8cd4a96ba 100644 --- a/1ch/04/02.md +++ b/1ch/04/02.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# General Information: + +All of the names in this list except the Zorathites are the names of men. Zorathites is the name of a people group who took their name from the town of Zorah where they lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ch/04/03.md b/1ch/04/03.md index 674304559..9923c1b95 100644 --- a/1ch/04/03.md +++ b/1ch/04/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# Etam ... Gedor ... Hushah +# Jezreel ... Ishma ... Idbash -These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -# Jezreel ... Ishma ... Idbash ... Peniel ... Ezer ... Hur ... Ephrathah - -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # Hazzelelponi diff --git a/1ch/04/04.md b/1ch/04/04.md index 49a798bb7..0f53921eb 100644 --- a/1ch/04/04.md +++ b/1ch/04/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# Etam ... Gedor ... Hushah +# Gedor ... Hushah These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -# Jezreel ... Ishma ... Idbash ... Peniel ... Ezer ... Hur ... Ephrathah +# Peniel ... Ezer ... Hur These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/04/05.md b/1ch/04/05.md index ecb8993b4..cc6231f1f 100644 --- a/1ch/04/05.md +++ b/1ch/04/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Ashhur ... Tekoa -See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 2:24](../02/23.md). +See how you translated these men's names in [1 Chronicles 2:24](../02/24.md). # Helah ... Naarah diff --git a/1ch/04/06.md b/1ch/04/06.md index dd2aba747..7d4f25ff7 100644 --- a/1ch/04/06.md +++ b/1ch/04/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -# Ahuzzam ... Hepher ... Zereth ... Zohar ... Ethnan ... Koz ... Anub ... Hazzobebah ... Aharhel ... Harum +# Ahuzzam ... Hepher -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -# Temeni ... Haahashtari - -These are understood here as the names of men. However, some versions understand them as the names of clans that were begun by the sons of Ashhur. +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # bore him "gave birth to his sons" +# Temeni ... Haahashtari + +These are understood here as the names of men. However, some versions understand them as the names of clans that were begun by the sons of Ashhur. diff --git a/1ch/04/07.md b/1ch/04/07.md index 73c8835b5..da31056ad 100644 --- a/1ch/04/07.md +++ b/1ch/04/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Ahuzzam ... Hepher ... Zereth ... Zohar ... Ethnan ... Koz ... Anub ... Hazzobebah ... Aharhel ... Harum +# Zereth ... Zohar ... Ethnan -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/04/08.md b/1ch/04/08.md index 3a5ae1e1e..482281095 100644 --- a/1ch/04/08.md +++ b/1ch/04/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Ahuzzam ... Hepher ... Zereth ... Zohar ... Ethnan ... Koz ... Anub ... Hazzobebah ... Aharhel ... Harum +# Koz ... Anub ... Hazzobebah ... Aharhel ... Harum These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/2ch/21/07.md b/2ch/21/07.md index 949eb5d9e..2a2631249 100644 --- a/2ch/21/07.md +++ b/2ch/21/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the house of David -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../../2ch/03/18.md). Alternate translation: "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:19](../10/17.md). Alternate translation: "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # he had promised that he would always give life to him and his descendants diff --git a/act/05/intro.md b/act/05/intro.md index bed5e5156..9434b962a 100644 --- a/act/05/intro.md +++ b/act/05/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### "Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit" ##### -No one knows for sure if Ananias and Sapphira were truly Christians when they decided to lie about the land that they sold ([Acts 5:1-10](./01.md)), because Luke does not say. He does say that they were among "those who believed" ([Luke 4:32](../04/32.md)). However, Peter knew that they lied to the believers, and he knew that they had listened to and obeyed Satan. +No one knows for sure if Ananias and Sapphira were truly Christians when they decided to lie about the land that they sold ([Acts 5:1-10](./01.md)), because Luke does not say. However, Peter knew that they lied to the believers, and he knew that they had listened to and obeyed Satan. When they lied to the believers, they also lied to the Holy Spirit. This is because the Holy Spirit lives inside believers. diff --git a/heb/08/05.md b/heb/08/05.md index 04d8e4925..6725fad48 100644 --- a/heb/08/05.md +++ b/heb/08/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,5 @@ -# a copy and shadow - -These words have similar meanings to emphasize that the tabernacle was merely an image of the real tabernacle in heaven. Alternate translation: "a vague image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -# shadow of the heavenly things - -The author speaks of the earthly temple, which is a copy of the heavenly temple, as if it were a shadow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things +The words "copy" and "shadow" have similar meanings and are metaphors meaning that something is not the real thing but it is similar to the real thing. These words emphasize that the priesthood and the earthly temple were images of Christ, the true high priest, and the heavenly temple. Alternate translation: "They serve what is a vague image of the heavenly things" or "They serve what is only similar to the heavenly things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) # It is just as Moses was warned by God when he was diff --git a/mat/21/43.md b/mat/21/43.md index a5a7d0cc3..9a71e7328 100644 --- a/mat/21/43.md +++ b/mat/21/43.md @@ -4,17 +4,13 @@ This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. # to you -Here "you" is plural. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders and also to the Jewish people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "you" is plural. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who had rejected him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and will be given to a nation -Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will take his kingdom away from you and will give it to a nation" or "God will reject you, the Jewish people, and he will be king over people from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# will be taken away from you - -No one is sure if Jesus meant that God would someday give the kingdom back or that he would never give it back. Your translation should allow both possible understandings. +Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will take his kingdom away from you and will give it to a nation" or "God will reject you and he will be king over people from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # that produces its fruits -"Fruits" here is a metaphor for "results" or outcome." Alternate translation: "that produces good results" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Fruits" here is a metaphor for "results" or outcome." Alternate translation: "that produces good results" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/rom/01/24.md b/rom/01/24.md index 182a002cf..eba9883f1 100644 --- a/rom/01/24.md +++ b/rom/01/24.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ "God allowed them to indulge in" -# them ... their ... themselves ... they +# them ... their ... themselves -the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) +These words refer to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md). # the lusts of their hearts for uncleanness diff --git a/rom/01/25.md b/rom/01/25.md index 4323f5fca..b99828fe4 100644 --- a/rom/01/25.md +++ b/rom/01/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# them ... their ... themselves ... they +# they -the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md) +This word refers to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](./18.md). # who worshiped and served the creation diff --git a/rom/02/26.md b/rom/02/26.md index b944dfffc..eb4f515d8 100644 --- a/rom/02/26.md +++ b/rom/02/26.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ "obeys what God commands in the law" -# will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law? +# will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? -Paul asks two questions here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate these questions as statements in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the first of two questions Paul asks here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate this question as a statement in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will consider him as circumcised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/02/27.md b/rom/02/27.md index 047b659bf..e156358b2 100644 --- a/rom/02/27.md +++ b/rom/02/27.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law? +# And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law? -Paul asks two questions here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate these questions as statements in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is the second of two questions that Paul asks here (the first is in Romans 2:26 (./26.md)) to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate this questions as a statement in an active form. Alternate translation: "The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/03/15.md b/rom/03/15.md index fbe901cd1..48bed8595 100644 --- a/rom/03/15.md +++ b/rom/03/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -# Their ... their ... These people ... their - -These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). - # Their feet are swift to pour out blood Here "feet" is a synecdoche that represents the people themselves. The word "blood" is a metaphor that refers to killing people. Alternate translation: "They are in a hurry to harm and murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# Their feet + +The word "their" refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). diff --git a/rom/03/16.md b/rom/03/16.md index 06482aa9e..2cded2bb7 100644 --- a/rom/03/16.md +++ b/rom/03/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Their ... their ... These people ... their +# their paths -These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). +The word "their" refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). # Destruction and suffering are in their paths diff --git a/rom/03/17.md b/rom/03/17.md index 9a537b3c9..955651d20 100644 --- a/rom/03/17.md +++ b/rom/03/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Their ... their ... These people ... their +# These people These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). diff --git a/rom/03/18.md b/rom/03/18.md index 5ff7e0747..e610fe8de 100644 --- a/rom/03/18.md +++ b/rom/03/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Their ... their ... These people ... their +# their -These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). +This word refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](./09.md). # There is no fear of God before their eyes diff --git a/rom/04/07.md b/rom/04/07.md index 8c469d621..270dea26e 100644 --- a/rom/04/07.md +++ b/rom/04/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -# whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered ... against whom the Lord will not count sin - -The same concept is stated in three different ways. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the Lord has forgiven those who have broken the law ... whose sins the Lord has covered ... whose sins the Lord will not count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered +The same concept is stated in two different ways. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the Lord has forgiven those who have broken the law ... whose sins the Lord has covered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/04/08.md b/rom/04/08.md index 8c469d621..2b965f02c 100644 --- a/rom/04/08.md +++ b/rom/04/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -# whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered ... against whom the Lord will not count sin +# whose sins are covered -The same concept is stated in three different ways. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the Lord has forgiven those who have broken the law ... whose sins the Lord has covered ... whose sins the Lord will not count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +The same concept that is stated as "whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered" in Romans 4:7 (./07.md) is stated in yet another way here. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whose sins the Lord has covered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/05/03.md b/rom/05/03.md index 88b6581b5..30bdf9e14 100644 --- a/rom/05/03.md +++ b/rom/05/03.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ The word "this" refers to the ideas described in [Romans 5:1-2](./01.md). -# we ... our ... us +# we ... our ... We -All occurrences of "we," "our," and "us" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) diff --git a/rom/05/05.md b/rom/05/05.md index 0fa5ad725..66e49e439 100644 --- a/rom/05/05.md +++ b/rom/05/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# we ... our ... us +# our ... us -All occurrences of "we," "our," and "us" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) # that hope does not disappoint diff --git a/rom/07/07.md b/rom/07/07.md index 4d69ddd0e..5f5bad994 100644 --- a/rom/07/07.md +++ b/rom/07/07.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Paul is introducing a new topic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion "Of course that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). -# I would never have known sin, if it were not through the law ... But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust +# I would never have known sin, if it were not through the law -Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul is speaking of sin as if it were a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # sin diff --git a/rom/07/08.md b/rom/07/08.md index 67dcfabd8..5537f921b 100644 --- a/rom/07/08.md +++ b/rom/07/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# I would never have known sin, if it were not through the law ... But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust +# But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust -Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul continues comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # lust diff --git a/rom/08/20.md b/rom/08/20.md index b5e6c0b38..90ef05224 100644 --- a/rom/08/20.md +++ b/rom/08/20.md @@ -6,7 +6,4 @@ You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For God caused Here Paul describes "creation" as a person who can desire. Alternate translation: "not because this is what the created things wanted, but because it is what God wanted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -# in the certain hope that the creation itself will be delivered - -You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Because God knew that he would save creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/08/21.md b/rom/08/21.md index c51f7e6bf..2baf9c8db 100644 --- a/rom/08/21.md +++ b/rom/08/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# in the certain hope that the creation itself will be delivered +# the creation itself will be delivered -You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Because God knew that he would save creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will save creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # from slavery to decay diff --git a/rom/09/10.md b/rom/09/10.md index d30d566dd..e143549a5 100644 --- a/rom/09/10.md +++ b/rom/09/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# our father Isaac ... It is just - -In your culture you may need to place 9:11 after 9:12 to make them easier to understand. Alternate translation: "our father Isaac, it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born ... because of him who calls. It is just" - # our father Paul refers to Isaac as "our father" because Isaac was the ancestor of Paul and of the Jewish believers in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) diff --git a/rom/09/12.md b/rom/09/12.md index 61f7b9c89..18d05544d 100644 --- a/rom/09/12.md +++ b/rom/09/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +# Connecting Statement: +It may be necessary in your language to place this verse between verse 10 and verse 11: "our father Isaac,it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born and had not yet done anything good or bad, but so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand—not because of actions, but because of him who calls. It is just" + # it was said to her, "The older will serve the younger." "God said to Rebecca, 'The older son will serve the younger son'" diff --git a/rom/09/13.md b/rom/09/13.md index 6315b8229..ff8891c39 100644 --- a/rom/09/13.md +++ b/rom/09/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# our father Isaac ... It is just - -In your culture you may need to place 9:11 after 9:12 to make them easier to understand. Alternate translation: "our father Isaac, it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born ... because of him who calls. It is just" - # Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated The word "hated" is an exaggeration. God loved Jacob much more than he loved Esau. He did not literally hate Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) diff --git a/rom/09/21.md b/rom/09/21.md index 89053e867..0f08fb103 100644 --- a/rom/09/21.md +++ b/rom/09/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,2 @@ -# Will what has been molded say ... daily use? - -Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks these questions to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - +# Does the potter not have the right ... for daily use? +This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternative translation: "The potter certainlly has the right ... for daily use." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/22.md b/rom/09/22.md index 49c3913b9..6ee0923b0 100644 --- a/rom/09/22.md +++ b/rom/09/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# containers of wrath ... containers of mercy +# containers of wrath -Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "people who deserve wrath ... people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "people who deserve wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/rom/09/23.md b/rom/09/23.md index df494cad5..bd81a5481 100644 --- a/rom/09/23.md +++ b/rom/09/23.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. -# containers of wrath ... containers of mercy +# containers of mercy -Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "people who deserve wrath ... people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # the riches of his glory upon diff --git a/rom/10/15.md b/rom/10/15.md index 2025783b1..439b7b1f4 100644 --- a/rom/10/15.md +++ b/rom/10/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim glad tidings of good things +# How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim good news Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. Alternate translation: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/rom/12/20.md b/rom/12/20.md index a34a5acb6..09b202fde 100644 --- a/rom/12/20.md +++ b/rom/12/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# your enemy ... feed him ... give him a drink ... if you do this, you will heap ... Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil +# your enemy ... feed him ... give him a drink ... if you do this, you will heap All forms of "you" and "your" are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) diff --git a/rom/12/21.md b/rom/12/21.md index fc9091025..b03574355 100644 --- a/rom/12/21.md +++ b/rom/12/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# your enemy ... feed him ... give him a drink ... if you do this, you will heap ... Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil - -All forms of "you" and "your" are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - # Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good Paul describes "evil" as though it were a person. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil + +These verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + diff --git a/rom/13/06.md b/rom/13/06.md index 3a8b1bab8..ac98230f4 100644 --- a/rom/13/06.md +++ b/rom/13/06.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ "Because the government punishes evildoers" -# you ... Pay to everyone +# you pay -Paul is addressing the believers here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Paul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # For authorities diff --git a/rom/13/07.md b/rom/13/07.md index 1a0d6a1dd..489237ea5 100644 --- a/rom/13/07.md +++ b/rom/13/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# you ... Pay to everyone +# Pay to everyone -Paul is addressing the believers here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Paul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # Tax to whom tax is due, toll to whom toll is due; fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due. diff --git a/rom/14/07.md b/rom/14/07.md index 5995fab4b..46c94ccc5 100644 --- a/rom/14/07.md +++ b/rom/14/07.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ Here "lives for himself" means to live only to please oneself. Alternate translation: "None of us should live merely to please ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# none of us + +Paul is including his readers, so this is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + # none dies for himself This means one's death affects other people. Alternate translation: "none of us should think that when we die, it affects only us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# us ... we - -Paul is including his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) - diff --git a/rom/14/08.md b/rom/14/08.md index 4a8bca74a..89edddfd1 100644 --- a/rom/14/08.md +++ b/rom/14/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# us ... we +# General Information: -Paul is including his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Paul is speaking of both himself and his readers, so all instances of "we" are inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) diff --git a/rom/15/08.md b/rom/15/08.md index 53e296249..3472dbbae 100644 --- a/rom/15/08.md +++ b/rom/15/08.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ The word "I" refers to Paul. Here "the circumcision" is a metonym that refers to the Jews. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Jesus Christ has become a servant of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# in order to confirm the promises ... and for the Gentiles to glorify God for his mercy +# in order to confirm the promises -These are the two purposes for which Christ became a servant of the circumcision. Alternate translation: "in order to confirm the promises ... and in order that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy" +This is one of the two purposes for which Christ became a servant of the circumcision. # the promises given to the fathers diff --git a/rom/15/09.md b/rom/15/09.md index 187883fbc..c4a224c1d 100644 --- a/rom/15/09.md +++ b/rom/15/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# in order to confirm the promises ... and for the Gentiles to glorify God for his mercy +# and for the Gentiles to glorify God for his mercy -These are the two purposes for which Christ became a servant of the circumcision. Alternate translation: "in order to confirm the promises ... and in order that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy" +This is the second reason for which Christ became a servant of the circumcision. Alternate translation: "and in order that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy" # As it is written diff --git a/rom/15/18.md b/rom/15/18.md index 5e4088024..4a945111a 100644 --- a/rom/15/18.md +++ b/rom/15/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ -# For I will not dare to speak of anything ... These are things done by word and action, by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Holy Spirit +# for the obedience of the Gentiles -You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Here "these are things" refers to what Christ has accomplished through Paul. Alternate translation: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"so that the Gentiles will obey God" +# These are things done by word and action + +This can be translated in active form: Alternative translation: Alternative translation: "These are things that Christ has accomplished through what I have said and done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/15/19.md b/rom/15/19.md index 6d68dba9f..401702a58 100644 --- a/rom/15/19.md +++ b/rom/15/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# For I will not dare to speak of anything ... These are things done by word and action, by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Holy Spirit +# by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Holy Spirit You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Here "these are things" refers to what Christ has accomplished through Paul. Alternate translation: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/rom/16/07.md b/rom/16/07.md index 5b6ed6817..51a5cae3b 100644 --- a/rom/16/07.md +++ b/rom/16/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Andronicus ... Ampliatus +# Andronicus -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # Junias diff --git a/rom/16/08.md b/rom/16/08.md index 11728415e..a763520e7 100644 --- a/rom/16/08.md +++ b/rom/16/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Andronicus ... Ampliatus +# Ampliatus -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # my beloved in the Lord diff --git a/rom/16/09.md b/rom/16/09.md index 81dd79d77..22e4c9879 100644 --- a/rom/16/09.md +++ b/rom/16/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Urbanus ... Stachys ... Apelles ... Aristobulus ... Herodion ... Narcissus +# Urbanus ... Stachys These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rom/16/10.md b/rom/16/10.md index 50712de81..e696c3eee 100644 --- a/rom/16/10.md +++ b/rom/16/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Urbanus ... Stachys ... Apelles ... Aristobulus ... Herodion ... Narcissus +# Apelles ... Aristobulus These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rom/16/11.md b/rom/16/11.md index 8d72a3777..1ccd7aa48 100644 --- a/rom/16/11.md +++ b/rom/16/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Urbanus ... Stachys ... Apelles ... Aristobulus ... Herodion ... Narcissus +# Herodion ... Narcissus These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rom/16/13.md b/rom/16/13.md index 42442c878..c28291ced 100644 --- a/rom/16/13.md +++ b/rom/16/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Rufus ... Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... Hermas +# Rufus -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) # chosen in the Lord diff --git a/rom/16/14.md b/rom/16/14.md index f23941d67..ef3fa2954 100644 --- a/rom/16/14.md +++ b/rom/16/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Rufus ... Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... Hermas +# Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... Hermas These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/rom/16/21.md b/rom/16/21.md index b6cdf647c..b7157700d 100644 --- a/rom/16/21.md +++ b/rom/16/21.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Paul gives greetings from the believers who are with him. -# Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater ... Tertius +# Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rom/16/22.md b/rom/16/22.md index 6ec50d790..dc75a3bcb 100644 --- a/rom/16/22.md +++ b/rom/16/22.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater ... Tertius - -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - # Tertius, who write this epistle down Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/sng/01/01.md b/sng/01/01.md index c1fed8ad3..93744c443 100644 --- a/sng/01/01.md +++ b/sng/01/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ # General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] -Part One of the book begins in [Song of Songs 1:2](./01.md). # The Song of Songs diff --git a/sng/01/02.md b/sng/01/02.md index 79e3a0605..8cbeb7f11 100644 --- a/sng/01/02.md +++ b/sng/01/02.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The first part of the book begins with this verse. + # your love is better than wine "I enjoy having you near me more than I enjoy drinking wine" diff --git a/sng/02/08.md b/sng/02/08.md index 4088debbf..78caa9a39 100644 --- a/sng/02/08.md +++ b/sng/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here begins Part Two of the book. -It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem. +The second part of the book begins here. It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem. # Listen @@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "Listen carefully to what I am about to say." You could This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as "my lover." See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: "my dear one" or "my lover" -# leaping ... jumping ... gazing ... peering +# leaping ... jumping The woman shows that she is excited to see the man come by using as few words as possible to describe what he is doing. Your language may have a different way of showing that the speaker is excited about what is happening. diff --git a/sng/02/09.md b/sng/02/09.md index 7d688ef28..69e515f69 100644 --- a/sng/02/09.md +++ b/sng/02/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# leaping ... jumping ... gazing ... peering +# gazing ... peering The woman shows that she is excited to see the man come by using as few words as possible to describe what he is doing. Your language may have a different way of showing that the speaker is excited about what is happening. diff --git a/sng/03/06.md b/sng/03/06.md index 58590ab93..e036cfaa7 100644 --- a/sng/03/06.md +++ b/sng/03/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here begins Part Three of the book. It begins with a description of sixty men carrying Solomon's bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem. +The third part of the book begins here. It begins with a description of sixty men carrying Solomon's bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem. # What is that coming up from the wilderness diff --git a/sng/05/02.md b/sng/05/02.md index 2bf8f26b4..2cf6c229d 100644 --- a/sng/05/02.md +++ b/sng/05/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here begins Part Four of the book -The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +The fourth part of the book begins here. The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # but my heart was awake diff --git a/sng/06/01.md b/sng/06/01.md index 896fe27cb..4f6666d2c 100644 --- a/sng/06/01.md +++ b/sng/06/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] +See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]. The fifth part of the book begins here. # In what direction has your beloved gone diff --git a/sng/08/05.md b/sng/08/05.md index 701feeee4..f755495fb 100644 --- a/sng/08/05.md +++ b/sng/08/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here begins Part Six of the book, the final part +The fifth part of the book begins here. # Who is this who is coming up diff --git a/tit/02/11.md b/tit/02/11.md index 5b92d1488..983ce99ee 100644 --- a/tit/02/11.md +++ b/tit/02/11.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus' coming and remember his authority through Jesus. -# the grace of God has appeared ... trains us +# the grace of God has appeared -Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) diff --git a/tit/02/12.md b/tit/02/12.md index d4fcf9433..b9bd19788 100644 --- a/tit/02/12.md +++ b/tit/02/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# the grace of God has appeared ... trains us +# trains us -Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Paul speaks of the grace of God ([Titus 2:11] (./11.md)) as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # trains us to reject godlessness diff --git a/tit/03/03.md b/tit/03/03.md index d085dbd27..21ce1f95f 100644 --- a/tit/03/03.md +++ b/tit/03/03.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ # We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures - +Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray" or "We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # passions diff --git a/tit/03/06.md b/tit/03/06.md index 8fc3113a0..494a9fbab 100644 --- a/tit/03/06.md +++ b/tit/03/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# richly poured the Holy Spirit on us +# whom God richly poured on us -It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: "gave the Holy Spirit to us generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: "whom God gave to us generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # through our Savior Jesus Christ diff --git a/tit/03/12.md b/tit/03/12.md index 24e67fea4..c6ed2899c 100644 --- a/tit/03/12.md +++ b/tit/03/12.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in C "After I send" -# Artemas ... Tychicus ... Zenas +# Artemas ... Tychicus These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/tit/03/13.md b/tit/03/13.md index 33d5e200e..d1eb48bbe 100644 --- a/tit/03/13.md +++ b/tit/03/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Artemas ... Tychicus ... Zenas +# Zenas -These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # Do everything you can to send diff --git a/zec/01/11.md b/zec/01/11.md index 85a6294f3..cffbc9a8d 100644 --- a/zec/01/11.md +++ b/zec/01/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# the man who stood among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees +# the man who stood among the myrtle trees -These phrases refer to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the man who was among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the man who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) # These are those ... They answered ... they said diff --git a/zec/01/12.md b/zec/01/12.md index 2c0cd07bf..cb7268278 100644 --- a/zec/01/12.md +++ b/zec/01/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,9 @@ +# the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees + +This phrase refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) + + + # to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah Here the words "Jerusalem" and "cities" refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: "to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/zec/04/08.md b/zec/04/08.md index 4bcf69186..731cfd0ad 100644 --- a/zec/04/08.md +++ b/zec/04/08.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. -# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, "The hands +# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said, 'The hands" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me: 'The hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/zec/04/09.md b/zec/04/09.md index 8bc64ae00..b1e8cfb55 100644 --- a/zec/04/09.md +++ b/zec/04/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, "The hands - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said, 'The hands" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me: 'The hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - # The hands of Zerubbabel have laid ... his hands will bring it to completion Here the word "hands" represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: "Zerubbabel has laid ... he will bring it to completion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/zec/04/10.md b/zec/04/10.md index 1b43b9e34..36ae6cb4b 100644 --- a/zec/04/10.md +++ b/zec/04/10.md @@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ Zechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who ha This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight. -# These seven lamps ... these two olive trees +# These seven lamps -These phrases refer to the lamps and olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./01.md). +This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./01.md). # These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth diff --git a/zec/04/11.md b/zec/04/11.md index 6faa98160..e09fbfbcd 100644 --- a/zec/04/11.md +++ b/zec/04/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# These seven lamps ... these two olive trees +# these two olive trees -These phrases refer to the lamps and olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./01.md). +This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./01.md). diff --git a/zec/06/09.md b/zec/06/09.md index 1d00133a8..e75e29570 100644 --- a/zec/06/09.md +++ b/zec/06/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, "Take +# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said, 'Take" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me: 'Take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/zec/06/10.md b/zec/06/10.md index a1d39229c..3c2273f00 100644 --- a/zec/06/10.md +++ b/zec/06/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, "Take - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said, 'Take" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me: 'Take" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah ... Jehozadak +# Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/zec/06/11.md b/zec/06/11.md index e5c4be138..7f903bc53 100644 --- a/zec/06/11.md +++ b/zec/06/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah ... Jehozadak +# Jehozadak -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # take the silver and gold, make a crown diff --git a/zec/07/04.md b/zec/07/04.md index 1f9f997ae..1a3c453af 100644 --- a/zec/07/04.md +++ b/zec/07/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, "Speak +# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said, 'Speak" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me: 'Speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/zec/07/05.md b/zec/07/05.md index 936f3314e..45dcb4f78 100644 --- a/zec/07/05.md +++ b/zec/07/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, "Speak - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said, 'Speak" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me: 'Speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - # in the fifth and in the seventh month "in months 5 and 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) diff --git a/zec/07/08.md b/zec/07/08.md index 85215a460..3a4fa3786 100644 --- a/zec/07/08.md +++ b/zec/07/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying, "Yahweh +# The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said, 'Yahweh" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah: 'Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/zec/07/09.md b/zec/07/09.md index 7592e7cfa..31bb59f2b 100644 --- a/zec/07/09.md +++ b/zec/07/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying, "Yahweh - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said, 'Yahweh" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah: 'Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - # Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy The abstract nouns "justice," "faithfulness," and "mercy" can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/zec/08/01.md b/zec/08/01.md index 9dd3d26e2..fe440b7b6 100644 --- a/zec/08/01.md +++ b/zec/08/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, "Yahweh +# The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said, 'Yahweh" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying, 'Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/zec/08/02.md b/zec/08/02.md index d3e930307..fe8da5049 100644 --- a/zec/08/02.md +++ b/zec/08/02.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, "Yahweh - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said, 'Yahweh" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying, 'Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - # I am passionate for Zion "I have a strong desire to protect Zion" diff --git a/zec/08/18.md b/zec/08/18.md index d602b00e3..32876b537 100644 --- a/zec/08/18.md +++ b/zec/08/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, "Yahweh +# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said, 'Yahweh" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying, 'Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) # came to me diff --git a/zec/08/19.md b/zec/08/19.md index 78dc3c9fe..23ab7c7b6 100644 --- a/zec/08/19.md +++ b/zec/08/19.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying, "Yahweh - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said, 'Yahweh" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying, 'Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - # The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month "The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) diff --git a/zec/09/11.md b/zec/09/11.md index 409236c6e..e5bacc4f6 100644 --- a/zec/09/11.md +++ b/zec/09/11.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. -# As for you ... Zion +# As for you Here "you" is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." diff --git a/zec/09/13.md b/zec/09/13.md index 699bc8769..4d27f47b5 100644 --- a/zec/09/13.md +++ b/zec/09/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# As for you ... Zion +# Zion -Here "you" is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." +This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." # I have bent Judah as my bow diff --git a/zec/12/12.md b/zec/12/12.md index 3ce67d296..262d1e6b8 100644 --- a/zec/12/12.md +++ b/zec/12/12.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: "All the people in the land of Judah will mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan ... The clan of the house of Levi +# The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of David ... The descendants of Nathan ... The descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of David ... The descendants of Nathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/zec/12/13.md b/zec/12/13.md index 5c7e89267..09cab6bf2 100644 --- a/zec/12/13.md +++ b/zec/12/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan ... The clan of the house of Levi +# The clan of the house of Levi -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of David ... The descendants of Nathan ... The descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/zec/13/07.md b/zec/13/07.md index 518a52224..3ce1a8d67 100644 --- a/zec/13/07.md +++ b/zec/13/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -Here Yahweh begins speaking. +Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) # Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd diff --git a/zep/01/02.md b/zep/01/02.md index 86f624620..1afb3970e 100644 --- a/zep/01/02.md +++ b/zep/01/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# I will utterly destroy everything from off the surface of the earth ... I will cut off man from the surface of the earth +# I will utterly destroy everything from off the surface of the earth -The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to express his anger at the people's sin. Yahweh will destroy neither sinners who repent nor all living things nor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to express his anger at the people's sin. Yahweh will destroy neither sinners who repent nor all living things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) # destroy everything from off the surface of the earth diff --git a/zep/01/03.md b/zep/01/03.md index 55faa0104..3036f9238 100644 --- a/zep/01/03.md +++ b/zep/01/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# I will utterly destroy everything from off the surface of the earth ... I will cut off man from the surface of the earth +# I will cut off man from the surface of the earth -The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to express his anger at the people's sin. Yahweh will destroy neither sinners who repent nor all living things nor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +"I will kill all people." This is a hyperbole, as in [Zephaniah 1:2] (./02.md). # man and beast diff --git a/zep/01/04.md b/zep/01/04.md index 414f84681..69b14132a 100644 --- a/zep/01/04.md +++ b/zep/01/04.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgme This is an idiom that means God will punish. Alternate translation: "I will punish Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# I will cut off every remnant ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... the people who on the housetops ... the people who worship and swear +# I will cut off every remnant ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests -The verb "cut off" applies to each of these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: "I will cut off every remnant ... I will cut off the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... I will cut off the people who on the housetops ... I will cut off the people who worship and swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The verb "cut off" applies to each of these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: "I will cut off every remnant ... I will cut off the names of the idolatrous people among the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) # cut off diff --git a/zep/01/05.md b/zep/01/05.md index 099ef1cc4..8eb8f7c27 100644 --- a/zep/01/05.md +++ b/zep/01/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# I will cut off every remnant ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... the people who on the housetops ... the people who worship and swear +# the people who on the housetops ... the people who worship and swear -The verb "cut off" applies to each of these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: "I will cut off every remnant ... I will cut off the names of the idolatrous people among the priests ... I will cut off the people who on the housetops ... I will cut off the people who worship and swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The verb "cut off" ([Zechariah 1:4] (./04.md)) applies to these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: "I will cut off the people who on the housetops ... I will cut off the people who worship and swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) # by their king diff --git a/zep/01/07.md b/zep/01/07.md index 997bceccd..a5dd76c69 100644 --- a/zep/01/07.md +++ b/zep/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ # General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) # Be silent diff --git a/zep/01/08.md b/zep/01/08.md index 15d67d80d..178870c21 100644 --- a/zep/01/08.md +++ b/zep/01/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + # It will come about This phrase is used to mark the point at which Yahweh's judgment of Judah will begin. diff --git a/zep/01/12.md b/zep/01/12.md index 1cfabaa78..4a88aa318 100644 --- a/zep/01/12.md +++ b/zep/01/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ # General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. -In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) # It will come about at that time diff --git a/zep/03/09.md b/zep/03/09.md index 87758e4f4..a6b54dc61 100644 --- a/zep/03/09.md +++ b/zep/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ # General Information: In verses 3:9-10, Yahweh says that he will renew the Gentiles after the judgment. -In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. # I will purify the lips of the peoples diff --git a/zep/03/11.md b/zep/03/11.md index 85fb95e87..917e71b50 100644 --- a/zep/03/11.md +++ b/zep/03/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. + # In that day ... at that time "When that happens ... at that time." These phrases here refer to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. diff --git a/zep/03/12.md b/zep/03/12.md index c8a412e92..31bf5a975 100644 --- a/zep/03/12.md +++ b/zep/03/12.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. -# I will leave among you a lowly and poor people ... The remnant of Israel - -The first phrase describes the "remnant" in the second phrase. - # they will find refuge in the name of Yahweh Yahweh's protection of this remnant is spoke of as if he was a refuge or a fortress. Here "name of Yahweh" refers to his person. Alternate translation: "they will come to Yahweh and he will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/zep/03/13.md b/zep/03/13.md index a53026085..1edf1515d 100644 --- a/zep/03/13.md +++ b/zep/03/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# I will leave among you a lowly and poor people ... The remnant of Israel +# The remnant of Israel -The first phrase describes the "remnant" in the second phrase. +This refers to the "lowly and poor people" of [Zephaniah 3:12](./12.md). # commit injustice